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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>On the use of ‘glyphmaps’ for analysing Covid-19 reported cases</strong> -
<div>
Recent analysis of area-level Covid-19 cases data attempts to grapple with a challenge familiar to geovisualization: how to capture the development of the virus, whilst supporting analysis across geographic areas? We present several glyphmap designs for addressing this challenge applied to local authority data in England whereby charts displaying multiple aspects related to the pandemic are given a geo graphic arrangement. These graphics are visually complex, with clutter, occlusion and salience bias an inevitable consequence. We develop a framework for describing and validating the graphics against data and design requirements. Together with an observational data analysis, this framework is used to evaluate our designs, relating them to particular data analysis needs based on the usefulness of the structure they expose. Our designs, documented in an accompanying code repository, attend to common difficulties in geovisualization design and could transfer to contexts outside of the UK and to phenomena beyond the pandemic.
</div></li>
</ul>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/6nz8q/" target="_blank">On the use of ‘glyphmaps’ for analysing Covid-19 reported cases</a>
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<ul>
<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 Omicron symptomatic infections in previously infected or vaccinated South African healthcare workers</strong> -
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We investigated Omicron infections among healthcare workers (HCW) presenting with symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and evaluated the protective effect of vaccination or prior infection. Between 24th November and 31st December 2021, HCW in Johannesburg, South Africa, were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection by Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT). Blood samples collected either at the symptomatic visit or within 3-months prior, were tested for spike protein immunoglobulin G (IgG). Overall, 433 symptomatic HCW were included in the analysis, with 190 (43.9%) having an Omicron infection; 69 (16.7%) were unvaccinated and 270 (62.4%) received a single dose of Ad26.COV.2 vaccine. There was no difference in the odds of identifying Omicron between unvaccinated and Ad26.COV.2 vaccinated HCW (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.46, 1.43). One-hundred and fifty-four (35.3%) HCW had at least one SARS- CoV-2 NAAT-confirmed prior infection; these had lower odds of Omicron infection compared with those without past infection (aOR 0.55, 95%CI: 0.36, 0.84). Anti-spike IgG concentration of 1549 binding antibody unit/mL was suggestive of significant reduction in the risk of symptomatic Omicron infection. We found high reinfection and vaccine breakthrough infection rates with the Omicron variant among HCW. Prior infection and high anti-spike IgG concentration were protective against Omicron infection.
</p>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.04.22270480v1" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 Omicron symptomatic infections in previously infected or vaccinated South African healthcare workers</a>
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<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 Testing Strategies for Outbreak Mitigation in Vaccinated Populations</strong> -
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Although COVID-19 vaccines are globally available, waning immunity and emerging vaccine-evasive variants of concern have hindered the international response as COVID-19 cases continue to rise. Mitigating COVID-19 requires testing to identify and isolate infectious individuals. We developed a stochastic compartmentalized model to simulate SARS-CoV-2 spread in the United States and India using Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) assays, rapid antigen tests, and vaccinations. We detail the optimal testing frequency and coverage in the US and India to mitigate an emerging outbreak even in a vaccinated population: overall, maximizing frequency is more important, but high coverage remains necessary when there is sustained transmission. We show that a resource-limited vaccination strategy still requires high-frequency testing and is 16.50% more effective in India than the United States. Tailoring testing strategies to transmission settings can help effectively reduce cases more than if a uniform approach is employed without regard to differences in location.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.04.22270483v1" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 Testing Strategies for Outbreak Mitigation in Vaccinated Populations</a>
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<li><strong>Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on future seasonal influenza epidemic</strong> -
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Seasonal influenza viruses typically cause annual epidemics worldwide infecting 5-15% of the human population. However, during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, seasonal influenza virus circulation was unprecedentedly low with very few reported infections. The lack of immune stimulation to influenza viruses during this time, combined with waning antibody titres to previous influenza virus infections, could lead to increased susceptibility to influenza in the coming seasons and to larger and more severe epidemics when infection prevention measures against COVID-19 are relaxed. Here, based on serum samples from 165 adults collected longitudinally before and during the pandemic, we show that the waning of antibody titres against seasonal influenza viruses during the first two years of the pandemic is likely to be negligible. Using historical influenza virus epidemiological data from 2003-2019, we also show that low country-level prevalence of each influenza subtype over one or more years has only small impacts on subsequent epidemic size. These results suggest that the risks posed by seasonal influenza viruses remained largely unchanged during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic and that the sizes of future seasonal influenza virus epidemics will likely be similar to those observed before the pandemic.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.05.22270494v1" target="_blank">Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on future seasonal influenza epidemic</a>
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<li><strong>Emulation of a target trial from observational data to compare effectiveness of Casirivimab/Imdevimab and Bamlanivimab/Etesevimab for early treatment of non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19</strong> -
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Objectives Comparative analysis between different monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 are lacking. We present an emulation trial from observational data to compare effectiveness of Bamlanivimab/Etesevimab (BAM/ETE) and Casirivimab/Imdevimab (CAS/IMD) in outpatients with early mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in a real-world scenario of variants of concern (VoCs) from Alpha to Delta. Methods Allocation to treatment was subject to mAbs availability, and the measured factors were not used to determine which combination to use. Patients were followed through day 30. Viral load was measured by cycle threshold (CT) on D1 (baseline) and D7. Primary outcome was time to COVID-19-related hospitalization or death from any cause over days 0-30. Weighted pooled logistic regression and marginal structural Cox model by inverse probability weights were used to compare BAM/ETE vs. CAS/IMD. ANCOVA was used to compare mean D7 CT values by intervention. Models were adjusted for calendar month, MASS score and VoCs. We evaluated effect measure modification by VoCs, vaccination, D1 CT levels and enrolment period. Results COVID19-related hospitalization or death from any cause occurred in 15 of 237 patients in the BAM/ETE group (6.3%) and in 4 of 196 patients in the CAS/IMD group (2.0%) (relative risk reduction [1 minus the relative risk] 72%; p=0.024). Subset analysis carried no evidence that the effect of the intervention was different across stratification factors. There was no evidence in viral load reduction from baseline through day 7 across the two groups (+0.17, 95% -1.41;+1.74, p=0.83). Among patients who experienced primary outcome, none showed a negative RT-PCR test in nasopharingeal swab (p=0.009) and 82.4% showed still high viral load (p&lt;0.001) on D7. Conclusions In a pre-Omicron epidemiologic scenario, CAS/IMD reduced risk of clinical progression of COVID-19 compared to BAM/ETE. This effect was not associated with a concomitant difference in virological response.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.04.22270143v1" target="_blank">Emulation of a target trial from observational data to compare effectiveness of Casirivimab/Imdevimab and Bamlanivimab/Etesevimab for early treatment of non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS FOR EFFECTIVE MONITORING OF POPULATION AT DISTANCE DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC. RESULTS FROM AN ITALIAN PILOT FEASIBILITY STUDY (RICOVAI-19 STUDY).</strong> -
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In order to reduce the burden on healthcare systems and in particular to support an appropriate way to the Emergency Department (ED) access, home tele-monitoring patients was strongly recommended during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, paper from numerous groups has shown the potential of using data from wearable devices to characterize each individual9s unique baseline, identify deviations from that baseline suggestive of a viral infection, and to aggregate that data to better inform population surveillance trends. However, no evidence about usage of Artificial Intelligence (AI) applicatives on digitally data collected from patients and doctors exists. With a growing global population of connected wearable users, this could potentially help to improve the earlier diagnosis and management of infectious individuals and improving timeliness and precision of tracking infectious disease outbreaks. During the study RICOVAI-19 (RICOVero ospedaliero con strumenti di Artificial Intelligence nei pazienti con COVid-19) performed in a Marche Region, Italy, we evaluated N129 subjects monitored at home in a six-months period between March 22, 2021 and October 22, 2021. During the monitoring, personal on demand health technologies were used to collect clinical and vital data in order to feed the database and the machine learning engine. The AI output resulted in a clinical stability index (CSI) which enables the system to deliver suggestions to the population and doctors about how intervene . Results showed the beneficial influence of CSI for predicting clinical classes of subjects and identifying who of them need to be admitted at ED. The same pattern of results was confirming the alert included in the decision support system in order to request further testing or clinical information in some cases. In conclusion, our study does support an high impact of AI tools on COVID outcomes to fight this pandemic by driving new approaches to public awareness.
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<div class="article- link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.04.22270087v1" target="_blank">ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS FOR EFFECTIVE MONITORING OF POPULATION AT DISTANCE DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC. RESULTS FROM AN ITALIAN PILOT FEASIBILITY STUDY (RICOVAI-19 STUDY).</a>
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<li><strong>The usefulness of D-dimer as a predictive marker for mortality in patients with COVID-19 hospitalized during the first wave in Italy.</strong> -
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Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents an urgent threat to global health. Identification of predictors of poor outcomes will assist medical staff in treatment and allocating limited healthcare resources. Aims The primary aim was to study the value of D-dimer as a predictive marker for in-hospital mortality. Methods This was a cohort study. The study population consisted of hospitalized patients (age &gt;18 years), who were diagnosed with COVID-19 based on real-time PCR at 9 hospitals during the first COVID-19 wave in Lombardy, Italy (Feb-May 2020). The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Information was obtained from patient records. Statistical analyses were performed using a Fine-Gray competing risk survival model. Model discrimination was assessed using Harrell’s C-index and model calibration was assessed using a calibration plot. Results Out of 1049 patients, 501 patients had evaluable data. Of these 501 patients, 96 died. The cumulative incidence of in-hospital mortality within 30 days was 20% (95CI: 16%-23%), and the majority of deaths occurred within the first 10 days. A prediction model containing D-dimer as the only predictor had a C-index of 0.66 (95%CI: 0.61-0.71). Overall calibration of the model was very poor. The addition of D-dimer to a model containing age, sex and co-morbidities as predictors did not lead to any meaningful improvement in either the C-index or the calibration plot. Conclusion The predictive value of D-dimer alone was moderate, and the addition of D-dimer to a simple model containing basic clinical characteristics did not lead to any improvement in model performance.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.04.22270433v1" target="_blank">The usefulness of D-dimer as a predictive marker for mortality in patients with COVID-19 hospitalized during the first wave in Italy.</a>
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<li><strong>Comparative effectiveness of different primary vaccination courses on mRNA based booster vaccines against SARs-COV-2 infections: A time-varying cohort analysis using trial emulation in the Virus Watch community cohort</strong> -
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Abstract Importance The Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant has increased SARs-CoV-2 infections in double vaccinated individuals globally, particularly in ChAdOx1 recipients. To tackle rising infections, the UK accelerated booster vaccination programmes used mRNA vaccines irrespective of an individual9s primary course vaccine type with booster doses rolled out according to clinical priority. There is limited understanding of the effectiveness of different primary vaccination courses on mRNA based booster vaccines against SARs-COV-2 infections and how time-varying confounders can impact the evaluations comparing different vaccines as primary courses for mRNA boosters. Objective To evaluate the comparative effectiveness of ChAdOx1 versus BNT162b2 as primary doses against SARs-CoV-2 in booster vaccine recipients whilst accounting for time-varying confounders. Design Trial emulation was used to reduce time-varying confounding-by- indication driven by prioritising booster vaccines based upon age, vulnerability and exposure status e.g. healthcare worker. Trial emulation was conducted by meta-analysing eight cohort results whose booster vaccinations were staggered between 16/09/2021 to 05/01/2022 and followed until 23/01/2022. Time from booster vaccination until SARS-CoV-2 infection, loss of follow-up or end-of-study was modelled using Cox proportional hazards models for each cohort and adjusted for age, sex, minority ethnic status, clinically vulnerability, and deprivation. Setting Prospective observational study using the Virus Watch community cohort in England and Wales. Participants People over the age of 18 years who had their booster vaccination between 16/09/2021 to 05/01/2022 without prior natural immunity. Exposures ChAdOx1 versus BNT162b2 as a primary dose, and an mRNA booster vaccine. Results Across eight cohorts, 19,692 mRNA vaccine boosted participants were analysed with 12,036 ChAdOx1 and 7,656 BNT162b2 primary courses with a median follow- up time of 73 days (IQR:54-90). Median age, clinical vulnerability status and infection rates fluctuate through time. 7.2% (n=864) of boosted adults with ChAdOx1 primary course experienced a SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to 7.6% (n=582) of those with BNT162b2 primary course during follow-up. The pooled adjusted hazard ratio was 0.99 [95%CI:0.88-1.11], demonstrating no difference between the incidence of SARs-CoV-2 infections based upon the primary vaccine course. Conclusion and Relevance In mRNA boosted individuals, we found no difference in protection comparing those with a primary course of BNT162b2 to those with aChAdOx1 primary course. This contrasts with pre-booster findings where previous research shows greater effectiveness of BNT162b2 than ChAdOx1 in preventing infection.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.04.22270479v1" target="_blank">Comparative effectiveness of different primary vaccination courses on mRNA based booster vaccines against SARs-COV-2 infections: A time-varying cohort analysis using trial emulation in the Virus Watch community cohort</a>
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<li><strong>The GLasses Against transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the communitY (GLASSY) trial: A pragmatic randomized trial (study protocol)</strong> -
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Background: A systematic review of observational studies indicated that eye protection may be an effective measure to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections. Randomized trials are needed to assess whether the observed associations are caused by protection of the eye or confounding factors such as other systematic differences between users and non-users of eye protection, co-interventions, or changes in COVID-19 incidence when comparisons were done over time. Methods: Pragmatic, virtual, parallel group, 1:1 randomized, superiority trial. We will recruit and randomize participants via an online portal. The trial will be fully remote and virtual without any personal interaction between investigators and participants. All members of the public are eligible who confirm that they are at least 18 years of age, do not regularly wear glasses, have not contracted COVID-19 since December 15th 2021, and are willing to be randomized to wear, or not wear glasses in public when close to other people, for a 2-week period. Persons who are dependent on visual aids but typically use contact lenses are eligible. The participants will be randomized (1:1) to wear glasses (sunglasses or other types of glasses) in public spaces when close to others (public transport, shopping centers etc.), or to the control group. The control group will be asked not to wear glasses in public spaces when close to others. The primary outcome is positive test for COVID-19. We aim to include about 25,000 participants to have a statistical power of 80% to detect a relative risk reduction of 25% for the primary outcome. Discussion: Many have easy access to sunglasses or other glasses. Wearing glasses may provide eye protection and repurposing sunglasses for infection control could be a simple, readily available, environmentally friendly, safe, and sustainable infection prevention measure.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.04.22270120v1" target="_blank">The GLasses Against transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the communitY (GLASSY) trial: A pragmatic randomized trial (study protocol)</a>
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<li><strong>Attitudes Towards Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccine and Sources of Information Across Diverse Ethnic Groups in the UK: a Qualitative Study</strong> -
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Objectives To explore attitudes and intentions towards COVID-19 vaccination, and influences and sources of information about COVID-19 across diverse ethnic groups (EGs) in the UK. Design Remote qualitative interviews and focus groups (FGs) conducted June-October 2020 before UK COVID-19 vaccine approval. Data were transcribed and analysed through inductive thematic analysis. Setting General public in the community across England and Wales. Participants 100 participants from 19 self-identified EGs with spoken English or Punjabi. Results Mistrust and doubt were common themes across all EGs including white British and minority EGs, but more pronounced amongst Bangladeshi, Pakistani, Black ethnicities and Travellers. Many participants shared concerns about perceived lack of information about COVID-19 vaccine safety, efficacy and potential unknown adverse effects. Across EGs participants stated occupations with public contact, older adults and vulnerable groups should be prioritised for vaccination. Perceived risk, social influences, occupation, age, co-morbidities and engagement with healthcare influenced participant intentions to accept vaccination once available; all Jewish FG participants intended to accept, while all Traveller FG participants indicated they probably would not. Facilitators to COVID-19 vaccine uptake across all EGs included: desire to return to normality and protect health and wellbeing; perceived higher risk of infection; evidence of vaccine safety and efficacy; vaccine availability and accessibility. COVID-19 information sources were influenced by social factors, culture and religion and included: friends, family; media and news outlets; and research literature. Participants across most different EGs were concerned about misinformation or had negative attitudes towards the media. Conclusions During vaccination programme roll-out, including boosters, commissioners and vaccine providers should provide accurate information, authentic community outreach, and use appropriate channels to disseminate information and counter misinformation. Adopting a context-specific approach to vaccine resources, interventions and policies and empowering communities has potential to increase trust in the programme.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.04.22270456v1" target="_blank">Attitudes Towards Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccine and Sources of Information Across Diverse Ethnic Groups in the UK: a Qualitative Study</a>
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<li><strong>Interactions among 17 respiratory pathogens: a cross-sectional study using clinical and community surveillance data</strong> -
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Background Co-circulating respiratory pathogens can interfere with or promote each other, leading to important effects on disease epidemiology. Estimating the magnitude of pathogen-pathogen interactions from clinical specimens is challenging because sampling from symptomatic individuals can create biased estimates. Methods We conducted an observational, cross-sectional study using samples collected by the Seattle Flu Study between 11 November 2018 and 20 August 2021. Samples that tested positive via RT-qPCR for at least one of 17 potential respiratory pathogens were included in this study. Semi-quantitative cycle threshold (Ct) values were used to measure pathogen load. Differences in pathogen load between monoinfected and coinfected samples were assessed using linear regression adjusting for age, season, and recruitment channel. Results 21,686 samples were positive for at least one potential pathogen. Most prevalent were rhinovirus (33.5%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (SPn, 29.0%), SARS-CoV-2 (13.8%) and influenza A/H1N1 (9.6%). 140 potential pathogen pairs were included for analysis, and 56 (40%) pairs yielded significant Ct differences (p &lt; 0.01) between monoinfected and co-infected samples. We observed no virus-virus pairs showing evidence of significant facilitating interactions, and found significant viral load decrease among 37 of 108 (34%) assessed pairs. Samples positive with SPn and a virus were consistently associated with increased SPn load. Conclusions Viral load data can be used to overcome sampling bias in studies of pathogen-pathogen interactions. When applied to respiratory pathogens, we found evidence of viral-SPn facilitation and several examples of viral-viral interference. Multipathogen surveillance is a cost-efficient data collection approach, with added clinical and epidemiological informational value over single-pathogen testing, but requires careful analysis to mitigate selection bias.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.04.22270474v1" target="_blank">Interactions among 17 respiratory pathogens: a cross-sectional study using clinical and community surveillance data</a>
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<li><strong>Wastewater Surveillance of U.S. Coast Guard Installations and Seagoing Military Vessels to Mitigate the Risk of COVID-19 Outbreaks</strong> -
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Military training centers may be high risk environments for the spread of disease such as COVID-19. Individuals arrive after traveling from many parts of the country, live in communal settings, and undergo high-interaction training. A pilot study of wastewater testing was initiated in February, 2021 to determine its feasibility as a sentinel surveillance tool in the U.S. Coast Guard for SARS-CoV-2. Wastewater was analyzed for the presence of two viral genes, N and E, and quantified relative to levels of a fecal indicator virus, Pepper Mild Mottle Virus (PMMoV). A stability control, Bovine Syncytial Respiratory Virus vaccine, was added to samples to assess sample stability and degradation. Wastewater data was validated by comparison with concomitant screening and surveillance programs that identified asymptomatic individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 by diagnostic testing at on site medical clinics using PCR. Elevated levels of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater were frequently associated with diagnosed cases, and in several instances, led to screenings of asymptomatic individuals that identified infected personnel, mitigating the risk of spread of disease. Wastewater screening also successfully indicated the presence of breakthrough cases in vaccinated individuals. A method for assessing blackwater from Coast Guard vessels was also developed, allowing detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus in shipboard populations. In one instance, virus was detected in the blackwater four weeks following the diagnosis of a single person on a Coast Guard cutter. These data show that wastewater testing is an effective tool for measuring the presence and prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in military populations so that mitigation can occur and suggest other diseases may be assessed similarly. As a result, the Coast Guard has established three laboratories with wastewater testing capability at strategic locations and is actively continuing its wastewater testing program.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.05.22269021v1" target="_blank">Wastewater Surveillance of U.S. Coast Guard Installations and Seagoing Military Vessels to Mitigate the Risk of COVID-19 Outbreaks</a>
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<li><strong>Commentary The Elderly in the pandemic era</strong> -
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Highlighted manuscript Dapsone has been the treatment and preventive drug for mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Seizure, Stroke and Covid-19 ARDS. B.K.’s team at Hunt Regional Hospital reported a study that drastically reduced mortality by administering Dapsone to patients with Covid-19 ARDS in the intensive care unit. If Dapsone were used for early symptoms of cognitive impairment or stroke, the increase in deaths would have been prevented. J.H. also recommends it to the elderly living in this pandemic era. However, we must consult our doctor before taking it.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/h6wfy/" target="_blank">Commentary The Elderly in the pandemic era</a>
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<li><strong>4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl Sulfone (DDS) as an Inflammasome Competitor.pdf</strong> -
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The aim of this study was to examine the use of an inflammasome competitor as a preventative agent. Coronaviruses have zoonotic potential due to the adaptability of their S protein to bind receptors of other species, most notably demonstrated by SARS-CoV. The binding of SARS-CoV-2 to TLR causes the release of pro-IL-1β, which is cleaved by caspase-1, followed by formation and activation of the inflammasome, which is a mediator of lung inflammation, fever, and fibrosis. The NLRP3 inflammasome is implicated in a variety of human diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), prion diseases, type 2 diabetes, and numerous infectious diseases. By examining the use of 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) in the treatment of patients with Hansen’s disease, also diagnosed as Alzheimer’s disease, this study demonstrates the diverse mechanisms involved in the activation of inflammasomes. TLRs, due to genetic polymorphisms, can alter the immune response to a wide variety of microbial ligands, including viruses. In particular, TLR-Arg677Trp was reported to be exclusively present in Korean patients with lepromatous leprosy (LL). Previously, mutation of the intracellular domain of TLR2 has demonstrated its role in determining the susceptibility to LL, though LL was successfully treated using a combination of DDS with rifampicin and clofazimine. Of the three tested antibiotics, DDS was effective in the molecular regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activators that are important in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and AD. The specific targeting of NLRP3 itself or up-/downstream factors of the NLRP3 inflammasome by DDS may be responsible for its observed preventive effects, functioning as a competitor.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/3dgqf/" target="_blank">4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl Sulfone (DDS) as an Inflammasome Competitor.pdf</a>
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<li><strong>Using multiple sampling strategies to estimate SARS-CoV-2 epidemiological parameters from genomic sequencing data</strong> -
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SARS-CoV-2 virus genomes are currently being sequenced at an unprecedented pace. The choice of sequences used in genetic and epidemiological analysis is important as it can induce biases that detract from the value of these rich datasets. This raises questions about how a set of sequences should be chosen for analysis, and which epidemiological parameters derived from genomic data are sensitive or robust to changes in sampling. We provide initial insights on these largely understudied problems using SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences from Hong Kong and the Amazonas State, Brazil. We consider sampling schemes that select sequences uniformly, in proportion or reciprocally with case incidence and which simply use all available sequences (unsampled). We apply Birth-Death Skyline and Skygrowth methods to estimate the time- varying reproduction number (Rt) and growth rate (rt) under these strategies as well as related R0 and date of origin parameters. We compare these to estimates from case data derived from EpiFilter, which we use as a reference for assessing bias. We find that both Rt and rt are sensitive to changes in sampling whilst R0 and date of origin are relatively robust. Moreover, we find that the unsampled datasets (opportunistic sampling) provided, overall, the worst Rt and rt estimates for both Hong Kong and the Amazonas case studies. We highlight that sampling strategy may be an influential yet neglected component of sequencing analysis pipelines. More targeted attempts at genomic surveillance and epidemic analyses, particularly in resource-poor settings which have a limited genomic capability, are necessary to maximise the informativeness of virus genomic datasets.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.04.22270165v1" target="_blank">Using multiple sampling strategies to estimate SARS-CoV-2 epidemiological parameters from genomic sequencing data</a>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effect of Daily Oral Administration of Food Supplement NLC-V in Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Dietary Supplement: NLC-V<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
Todos Medical, Ltd.<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study Design of the Diacerein in Patients With Covid-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Diacerein;   Drug: placebo capsules<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of Campinas, Brazil;   Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of MVC-COV1901 or MVC-COV1901(Beta) Against COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Vaccine<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: MVC-COV1901(Beta);   Biological: MVC- COV1901<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corp.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Exercise Fatigue Parameters and Endothelial Function in Pediatric Patients With a History of COVID-19 Infection or MIS-C</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   MIS-C Associated With COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:  <br/>
Device: Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET);   Device: Peripheral Arterial Tonography (PAT) using the EndoPAT™ device;   Diagnostic Test: Endothelin<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Rambam Health Care Campus;   The Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of TF0023 in Treatments for COVID-19 in Hospitalized Adults</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pneumonia<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: TF0023<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
Techfields Inc<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Short Daily Versus Conventional Hemodialysis for COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: Short daily dialysis<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Non-inferiority Trial on Monoclonal Antibodies in COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Bamlanivimab Etesevimab;   Drug: Sotrovimab;   Drug: Casirivimab-Imdevimab<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona;   Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco;   Azienda Sanitaria-Universitaria Integrata di Udine<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Availability and Advice on Test Uptake During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Vignette Study.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: Customised testing advice;   Behavioral: Regular testing advice;   Behavioral: LFT available;   Behavioral: No LFT available<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy and Safety of Ingavirin®, 90 mg Capsules in Patients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Ingavirin®, 90 mg capsules;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Valenta Pharm JSC<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Phase IIa Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Study of Codivir in Hospitalized Patients With Moderate COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Covidir injections;   Diagnostic Test: Quantitative PCR SARS-CoV-2;   Diagnostic Test: IgM and IgG dosage;   Diagnostic Test: Screening Blood tests;   Diagnostic Test: Electrocardiogram;   Other: NEWS-2 score;   Other: WHO score;   Other: Physical examination;   Other: COVID-19-Related Symptoms assessment<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Code Pharma<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Exercise in Adults With Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Infection Study</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: Exercise Prescription<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
Baylor Research Institute<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Immunogenicity Study of EgyVax Vaccine Candidate for Prophylaxis of COVID-19 Infection</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: EgyVax Vaccine Candidate;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Eva Pharma;   Veterinary Serum &amp; Vaccine Research Institute (VSVRI), Egypt;   The Supreme Council of University Hospitals, Egypt;   Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Egypt<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Intranasal Heparin Treatment to Reduce Transmission Among Household Contacts of COVID 19 Positive Adults and Children</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: unfractionated heparin;   Drug: 0.9%sodium chloride<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Murdoch Childrens Research Institute;   University of Melbourne;   Northern Hospital, Australia;   Monash University;   The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity;   St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Clinical Trials to Assess Safety and Efficacy of DWRX2003 Combination With Remdesivir in Moderate to Severe COVID-19 Patients.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: DWRX2003;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co. LTD.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>To Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Inhaled CT-P63 and CT-P66 Combination Therapy in Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: CT-P63 and CT-P66 / Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Celltrion<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Emerging quinoline and quinolone based antibiotics in the light of epidemics</strong> - Pandemics are large-scale outbreaks of infectious disease that can greatly increase morbidity and mortality all the globe. Since past 1990 till twentieth century, these infectious diseases have been major threat all over the globe associated with poor hygiene and sanitation. In light of these epidemics, researches have gained enormous rise in the developing the potential therapeutic treatment. Thus revolutionized antibiotics have led to the near eradication of such ailments. Around 50 million…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Identification of fragments binding to SARS-CoV-2 nsp10 reveals ligand-binding sites in conserved interfaces between nsp10 and nsp14/nsp16</strong> - Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019, Covid-19 has developed into a serious threat to our health, social and economic systems. Although vaccines have been developed in a tour-de-force and are now increasingly available, repurposing of existing drugs has been less successful. There is a clear need to develop new drugs against SARS-CoV-2 that can also be used against future coronavirus infections. Non-structural protein 10 (nsp10) is a conserved stimulator of two enzymes crucial for viral…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The interplay between SARS-CoV-2 infected airway epithelium and immune cells modulates the immunoregulatory/inflammatory signals</strong> - To assess the cross talk between immune cells and respiratory tract during SARS-CoV-2 infection, we analysed the relationships between the inflammatory response induced by SARS-CoV-2 replication and immune cells phenotype in a reconstituted organotypic human airway epithelium (HAE). The results indicated that immune cells failed to inhibit SARS- CoV-2 replication in HAE model. In contrast, immune cells strongly affected the inflammatory profile induced by SARS- CoV-2 infection, dampening the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Discovery of novel TMPRSS2 inhibitors for COVID-19 using in silico fragment-based drug design, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and quantum mechanics studies</strong> - The global expansion of COVID-19 and the mutations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus necessitate quick development of treatment and vaccination. Because the androgen-responsive serine protease TMPRSS2 is involved in cleaving the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein allowing the virus to enter the cell, therefore, direct TMPRSS2 inhibition will inhibit virus activation and disease progression which make it an important target for drug discovery. In this study, a homology model of TMPRSS2…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Engineered extracellular vesicles directed to the spike protein inhibit SARS-CoV-2</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-2) viral infection results in COVID-19 disease, which has caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. A vaccine is crucial to curtail the spread of SARS-CoV-2, while therapeutics will be required to treat ongoing and reemerging infections of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 disease. There are currently no commercially available effective anti-viral therapies for COVID-19 urging the development of novel modalities. Here, we describe a molecular therapy specifically targeted to…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiac Injury Associated With Myocardial SARS-CoV-2 Infection</strong> - Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread around the world. The development of cardiac injury is a common condition in patients with COVID-19, but the pathogenesis remains unclear. The RNA-Seq dataset (GSE150392) comparing expression profiling of mock human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) and SARS-CoV-2-infected hiPSC-CMs was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). We identified…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluation of the Antiviral Potential of Modified Heterocyclic Base and 5’-Norcarbocyclic Nucleoside Analogs Against SARS-CoV-2</strong> - The pandemic caused by the novel betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has already claimed more than 3.5 million lives. Despite the development and use of anti-COVID-19 vaccines, the disease remains a major public health challenge throughout the world. Large-scale screening of the drugs already approved for the treatment of other viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections, as well as autoimmune, oncological, and other diseases is currently underway as part of their repurposing for development of effective…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Environmental Design Strategies to Decrease the Risk of Nosocomial Infection in Medical Buildings Using a Hybrid MCDM Model</strong> - The prevention and control of nosocomial infection (NI) are becoming increasingly difficult, and its mechanism is becoming increasingly complex. A globally aging population means that an increasing proportion of patients have a susceptible constitution, and the frequent occurrence of severe infectious diseases has also led to an increase in the cost of prevention and control of NI. Medical buildings’ spatial environment design for the prevention of NI has been a hot subject of considerable…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Montelukast is a dual-purpose inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 infection and virus-induced IL-6 expression identified by structure-based drug repurposing</strong> - Drug-repurposing has been instrumental to identify drugs preventing SARS-CoV-2 replication or attenuating the disease course of COVID-19. Here, we identify through structure-based drug-repurposing a dual-purpose inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 infection and of IL-6 production by immune cells. We created a computational structure model of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike 1 protein, and used this model for in silico screening against a library of 6171 molecularly defined…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Alu RNA Structural Features Modulate Immune Cell Activation and A-to-I Editing of Alu RNAs Is Diminished in Human Inflammatory Bowel Disease</strong> - Alu retrotransposons belong to the class of short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs). Alu RNA is abundant in cells and its repetitive structure forms double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA) that activate dsRNA sensors and trigger innate immune responses with significant pathological consequences. Mechanisms to prevent innate immune activation include deamination of adenosines to inosines in dsRNAs, referred to as A-to-I editing, degradation of Alu RNAs by endoribonucleases, and sequestration of Alu RNAs…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Inhibitors of Human 5-Lipoxygenase Potently Interfere With Prostaglandin Transport</strong> - 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) is the key enzyme in the formation of pro-inflammatory leukotrienes (LT) which play an important role in a number of inflammatory diseases. Accordingly, 5-LO inhibitors are frequently used to study the role of 5-LO and LT in models of inflammation and cancer. Interestingly, the therapeutic efficacy of these inhibitors is highly variable. Here we show that the frequently used 5-LO inhibitors AA-861, BWA4C, C06, CJ-13,610 and the FDA approved compound zileuton as well as the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Drugs Reduce Viral Infection by SARS-CoV-2 and Fluoxetine Shows Antiviral Activity Against the Novel Variants in vitro</strong> - Repurposing of currently available drugs is a valuable strategy to tackle the consequences of COVID-19. Recently, several studies have investigated the effect of psychoactive drugs on SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture models as well as in clinical practice. Our aim was to expand these studies and test some of these compounds against newly emerged variants. Several antidepressants and antipsychotic drugs with different primary mechanisms of action were tested in ACE2/TMPRSS2-expressing human embryonic…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Essential oil from <em>Cymbopogon citratus</em> exhibits “anti-aspergillosis” potential: in-silico molecular docking and in vitro studies</strong> - CONCLUSION: In vitro results revealed that lemon grass oil was able to inhibit growth of fungal strains toxicity thus signifying its role as potent anti-fungal drug.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Identification of the SARS-CoV-2 surface therapeutic targets and drugs using molecular modeling methods for inhibition the virus entry</strong> - Although COVID-19 emerged as a major concern to public health around the world, no licensed medication has been found as of yet to efficiently stop the virus spread and treat the infection. The SARS-CoV-2 entry into the host cell is driven by the direct interaction of the S1 domain with the ACE-2 receptor followed by conformational changes in the S2 domain, as a result of which fusion peptide is inserted into the target cell membrane, and the fusion process is mediated by the specific…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Why tightness alone is not enough: The varying anti-pathogenic effects of rational values and cultural tightness at different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic</strong> - Gelfand et al. demonstrated that tight cultural norms lowered COVID-19 transmissions and deaths, but can’t account for the lag between the beginning of the pandemic and the significance of tightness. Rational values help citizens adopt novel behavioral norms necessary to inhibit viral transmission. Multiple regression analysis on COVID-19 cases and deaths within twelve 25-day stages of the pandemic revealed that rational values were particularly significant in subduing COVID-19 cases and deaths…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>IDENTIFICATION AND ALARM SYSTEM FOR FACIAL CORONA MASK USING CNN BASED IMAGE PROCESSING</strong> - tThe covid-19 epidemic is the world’s largest wake-up call for people to pay attention to their own and society’s health. One thing to keep in mind is that there is a segment of the population that has been exposed to the covid-19 virus and has generated antibodies without developing any significant illnesses and is continuing to be healthy. This indicates that a significant section of the population, even excluding the elderly, lacks the necessary bodily immunity to combat a Viral infection. As terrible as covid-19 is on a global scale, developing personal health standards and preventative measures for any pathogenic virus as a community would have spared many lives. In’this work, a camera is combined with an image processing system to recognise facial masks, which may be improved in a variety of ways. First and foremost, this method is meant to identify masks on a single person’s face. While this method is efficient in identifying someone has a mask, it does not ensure that they will wear it all of the time. The most effective update for this task is to install a camera with a wide field of view so that many individuals can be seen in the frame, and the faces of those who aren’t wearing markings can be identified, as well as the number of people and the timing. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN346889253">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ANTIMICROBIAL SANITIZING FORMULATION</strong> - An antimicrobial sanitizing formulation, comprising, i) isopropyl alcohol in the range of 0.1%- 80% w/w, ii) an emollient in the range of 0.1%-15% w/w, iii) hydrogen peroxide in the range of 0.1 0.13% w/w, iv) citric acid in the range of 0.1% to 2.0% w/w, v) silver nitrate in the range of 0.1% to 0.5% w/w, and vi) a fragrance imparting agent in the range of 0.1% to 2.0% w/w. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN346888094">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A HEALTH BAND WITH A BIOMETRIC MODULE AND WORKING METHOD THEREOF</strong> - The present invention discloses a health band with a biometric module and method thereof. The assembly includes, but not limited to, a plurality of sensors configured to gather health data associated with a predefined symptom of a medical condition of a user; a memory unit configured to store the data and an interface, which is configured to determine the medical condition using the data;a processing unit configured to execute the application; and a notification facility configured to provide a notification upon receiving from the interface an instruction associated with the notification, wherein the notification is associated with a drug reminder and the like. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN346889061">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>RNA 검출 방법</strong> - 본 발명은 RNA의 분석 및 검출 방법에 관한 것이다. 특히, 본 발명은 특히, 본 발명은 짧은 염기서열의 RNA까지 분석이 가능하면서도 높은 민감도 및 정확도로 정량적 검출까지 가능하여 감염증, 암 등 여러 질환의 진단 용도로도 널리 활용될 수 있다. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=KR346026620">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>黄芩黄酮活性成分及其制剂在制备预防和/或治疗炎症风暴药物中的应用</strong> - 本发明公开了黄芩黄酮活性成分及其制剂在制备预防和/或治疗炎症风暴药物中的应用。所述黄芩黄酮活性成分选自下述至少一种：黄芩素、汉黄芩素和千层纸素A。炎症风暴是一种机体对外界刺激的过度免疫反应和炎症反应，以炎症细胞因子的快速大量释放为特征。炎症风暴可由许多感染或非感染性疾病引起，并与疾病的严重程度和多器官功能障碍综合征的发生密切相关。减少炎症风暴的发生有助于降低器官损伤和减缓疾病进程，尤其对危重症患者的治疗至关重要。本发明发现，黄芩素、汉黄芩素、千层纸素A均具有不同程度抑制小鼠细胞因子风暴的作用。黄芩素能改善炎症风暴引发的肺损伤和炎性细胞浸润。因此黄芩黄酮活性成分可用于制备防治炎症风暴的药物。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN349220813">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>一种预防和/或治疗炎症风暴的药物组合物及其制剂与应用</strong> - 本发明公开了一种预防和/或治疗炎症风暴的药物组合物、制剂及其应用。该药物组合物，由黄芩素、汉黄芩素和千层纸素A组成，其中，黄芩素、汉黄芩素、千层纸素A的质量比为0.25<sub>1.5：0.5</sub>7：1。本发明提供的自微乳包括下述组分：药物磷脂复合物、油相、乳化剂和助乳化剂；其中，所述药物磷脂复合物由上述药物组合物和磷脂材料复合而成。本发明的实验结果表明在LPS诱导的系统性炎症风暴小鼠模型中，黄芩素、汉黄芩素和千层纸素A的组合物及其自微乳制剂均具有不同程度抑制小鼠细胞因子风暴的作用。本发明为炎症风暴的临床治疗提供了一种安全、有效、经济的解决方案。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN349220821">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>用于核酸检测的微流控芯片及检测方法</strong> - 本发明提供一种用于核酸检测的微流控芯片及检测方法。所述微流控芯片包括依次叠放在一起并相互密封的三层结构，由上至下分别为气道层、中间层和流道层；所述气道层包含两个独立的气道，所述中间层为弹性薄膜，用于控制流道层上微阀的开启和关闭，所述流道层包含四个进样口，两个出样口，四个微阀，一个LAMP反应室、一个CRISPR反应室以及若干条流道，所述微阀通过弹性薄膜与气道层的气道相连，并通过气道层气压的改变来实现微阀的开关，实现不同进样口的顺序进样。本发明将微流控与LAMP扩增技术以及CRISPR检测技术相结合，在单个芯片上实现高灵敏，高特异性的检测病毒核酸。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN349220678">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>REUNION OF PHOTOTHERMAL THERAPY WITH MXENE ADSORBED UREMIC TOXINS AND CYTOKINES: A SHILED FOR COVID-19 PATENTS</strong> - The COVID-19 pandemic has created havoc throughout the world. The disease has proved to be more fatalfor patients having comorbidities like diabetics, lungs and kidney infections, etc. In the case of COVID-19 patientsI having kidney injury, the. removal of uremic toxins from the blood is hindered and there is a rapid surge in the levelj of cytokine hormone resulting in the death of the patient in a short interval of time. To resolve this issue,iI; researchers have examined that the immediate removal of these toxins can improve the condition of the patient to a |greater extent. Studies have also found the presence of SARS CoV-2 viral RNAs in the blood of COVID-19patients, which risks their life as well as impacts the blood transfusion process, especially in the case ofasymptomatic patients. Hence it is required to control the surge of cytokines and uremic toxins as well as disinfectthe blood of the patient from the virus. MXenes, having a foam-like porous structure and hydrophilic negativesurface functionalization have greater adsorption efficiency as well as superior photothermal activity. Utilizingthese properties of MXenes, the MXene membranes can be used in the dialyzer that can help in the efficient andBiuick removal of the uremic toxins, cytokines, and other impurities from the blood. Along with this the greaterTJAdsorption efficiency of MXenes to amino acids result in the trapping of the SARS CoV-2 viruses on the surface J)3&gt;f the MXene. Many researchers as well as the WHO have proved the efficient reduction of the viral copy numbersjjvith the increase of temperature. Hence, followed by the trapping of the viruses, the implementation of"Zphotothermal Therapy can result in the inactivation and denaturation of the viruses and their respective viral RNAsBJlby the produced heat. The same process can be repeated several times to get better results. This whole process canr&gt;oQ-esult in impurity-free and infection-free blood, that can be returned back to the body of the patient or can be!— I Sitilized for the blood transfusion process without any risk of infection.IM - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN346889224">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>基于引物设计和铜纳米簇的SARS-CoV-2德尔塔变异株检测方法</strong> - 本发明公开了一种基于引物设计和铜纳米簇的SARS‑CoV‑2德尔塔变异株检测方法。该方法结合DPO引物和AT引物成功区分了单碱基缺失的SARS‑CoV‑2德尔塔变异株和SARS‑CoV‑2野生菌株。并且DPO引物和AT引物的PCR产物可以作为CuNCs的生成模板，在紫外照射下实现SARS‑CoV‑2德尔塔变异株的可视化检测。本申请利用常规实验条件，借助PCR仪将DPO引物和AT引物结合扩增，使其SARS‑CoV‑2德尔塔变异株检测具有特异性、高灵敏、可视化的优势。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN348141584">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>REDUCING AND STOPPING OXYGEN WASTAGE IN HOSPITAL</strong> - In an aspect, the present invention discloses a system (200) for prevention and reduction of oxygen wastage from oxygen mask (202). The system (200) includes the oxygen mask (202) having straps; a tension sensor (204), the tension sensor being sensitive towards tension produced in the straps as the oxygen gets leakage through sides of the mask (202); a processor configured in alignment with the tension sensor (204); and a buzzer (206) in alignment with processor. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN346042219">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ISIS After the American Strike</strong> - For an indication of the terrorist group’s future, look to its recent past. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/isis-after-the-american-strike">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How a City Close to the Ukraine-Russia Border Has Been Shaped by War</strong> - In Kharkiv, a Ukrainian national identity has been fortified by Russian incursions and threats. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/how-a-city-close-to-the-ukraine-russia-border-has-been-shaped-by-war">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Pro-Trump Case for Rejecting the Big Lie</strong> - Weston Wamp, a young conservative from Tennessee, is on a mission to convince others on the right that Joe Biden won the 2020 election. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/the-pro-trump-case-for-rejecting-the-big-lie">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Kadir Nelson’s “High Style”</strong> - The artist discusses updating Eustace Tilley for our times. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cover-story/cover-story-2022-02-14">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Lauren Groff on California and Fairy Tales</strong> - The author discusses “Annunciation,” her story from the latest issue of the magazine. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/books/this-week-in-fiction/lauren-groff-02-14-22">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>What Biden learned the last time Putin invaded Ukraine</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/2eXOaFEOM2TU3H82NqlsHZlVtCo=/452x0:4300x2886/1310x983/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/70478795/463083892.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Armed pro-Russian separatists go to the front in Uglegorsk, Russia, near Debaltseve, Ukraine, on February 9, 2015, as the European Union put fresh sanctions against Moscow on hold ahead of a summit to thrash out a Ukraine peace plan aimed at ending 10 months of bloodshed.  | Dominique Faget/AFP via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The Obama administration bungled the 2014 Ukraine crisis. Now Biden gets a chance at a do-over.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2nViay">
Few American presidents have spent as much time thinking about Ukraine as Joe Biden.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jTLRpK">
The Eastern European country is perhaps the only topic that gets more space than family or a presidential run in his 2017 memoir. Biden reflects on 2013 to 2014, when mass protests unseated the Ukrainian president and a Russian invasion led to the annexation of Crimea. Both<strong> </strong>tested the Obama administration. “The Ukrainian people had been on a thrilling and sometimes harrowing roller coaster for the previous year, and I felt like I had been on it with them,” he writes.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LGg3Q1">
That crisis has striking similarities to <a href="https://www.vox.com/22894163/russia-ukraine-putin-biden-nato">the one unfolding today</a>, especially Biden’s role as foreign-policy problem-solver. Russia has mobilized more than 100,000 soldiers and threatens an attack on neighboring Ukraine, a larger deployment of troops than during its <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26787709">2014 offensive</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TLHK2Y">
That year, Obama’s team badly misjudged the ferocity of Russian President Vladimir Putin, it was naive about resetting relations with Russia, and it didn’t anticipate the pernicious tactics Russia would pursue against Ukraine and, ultimately, the United States. Those mistakes from eight years ago are informing the White House’s response now.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mS5kvz">
Biden traveled to Ukraine six times as vice president. He called its leaders on a weekly basis to cajole them into strengthening their democracy and pushing back on Russia more forcefully. “What happens there will resonate well beyond Ukraine. It matters to all — not just in Europe, but around the world,” he <a href="https://ua.usembassy.gov/remarks-vice-president-joe-
biden-munich-security-conference/">said</a> in a 2015 speech to security leaders in Munich.
</p>
<h3 id="2Ph1Pz">
The last time Putin invaded Ukraine
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QP4OYj">
In 2014, the <a href="https://www.vox.com/2014/9/3/18088560/ukraine-
everything-you-need-to-know">whole ordeal</a> took then-President Barack Obama’s team by surprise.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="stAtkS">
Ukraine, a former Soviet republic headed by the pro-Russian Viktor Yanukovych, was pursuing a trade agreement with the European Union in 2013. But Russia pressured Ukraine to not sign it, which upset a public eager for new openings with Europe. Soon, 100,000 protesters gathered in Kyiv’s central square, the Maidan.<strong> </strong>US diplomats <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/us-victoria-nuland-wades-into-ukraine-turmoil-over-
yanukovich/">visited</a> the demonstrations, in symbolic gestures that further agitated Putin.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xXDsUu">
Biden worked the phones with Ukrainian leaders as security forces, with Russian backing, arrested hundreds of protesters,<strong> </strong>according to his memoir. In February 2014, snipers and other authorities killed 88 protesters in what came to be called the Revolution of Dignity. Yanukovych fled the country days later, and protesters took over much of the capital.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/sDZ8AeI-kP6W0QPAtclZqiRXF4w=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218673/GettyImages_470577307.jpg"/> <cite>Bulent Kilic/AFP via Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
A protester holds the Ukrainian national flag from a burned building during a face-off against police in Kyiv, Ukraine, on February 20, 2014.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pzOkUp">
Then came the war. “We were obviously surprised,” <a href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/interview/evelyn-farkas/#799">said</a> a senior Obama defense official. In March, Putin deployed special operations troops and irregular forces — soldiers without Russian insignias that gave Putin plausible deniability, who came to be known as “little green men” — to take Crimea in Ukraine’s south. Crimea remains under Russian control today. Historians <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-
europe-26488652">noted</a> that the annexation was the European first land grab since Hitler in 1938, and showed the lack of guardrails keeping Europe’s security in check.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="javHh7">
One Obama adviser <a href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/interview/john-brennan/">wondered</a> if Putin “recognized that President Obama was reluctant to engage in military conflicts,” and which meant that Russia could get away with it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KpipC8">
Russia went on to back separatists in the <a href="https://www.crisisgroup.org/content/conflict-ukraines-
donbas-visual-explainer">Donbas</a> region in Ukraine’s east, in an ongoing conflict where 14,000 people have died since</p></li>
</ul>
<ol start="2014" type="1">
<li>A Russian brigade <a href="https://www.vox.com/2014/9/26/18080548/mh17-ukraine-malaysia-airlines">shot down</a> a Malaysian plane over Ukraine and killed 298 civilians.
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"></p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="M6E7UQ">
The Obama team was slow to rebuke Putin and sloppy in coordinating with European allies. “The 2014 crisis was one that sharpened a lot of minds,” said Max Bergmann, who was a State Department official at the time. “What I think you see now is the effort to get the ducks in a row right away, to send very clear messaging about what the cost would be to Russia.”
</p>
<h3 id="anHHik">
Putin will spoil your plans
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Hig3UY">
In the first month of the Obama presidency, Vice President Biden said the administration would work to <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/08/washington/08biden.html">reset</a> relations with Russia. Initially, the US pushed for Russia to join the World Trade Organization. Antony Blinken, who advised Biden for almost two decades, suggested a new beginning. “We’re not trying to build our own sphere of influence,” he <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/22/world/europe/22biden.html">said</a> in 2009 while visiting Ukraine with Biden. “The partnerships aren’t being built against anyone. They’re being built for the purpose of addressing common challenges that Russia also faces.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zzAXBn">
The annexation of Crimea put an end to this.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/g0SZndCl4gimIR6v51JTXuQfMkM=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218700/GettyImages_484394190.jpg"/> <cite>Alexander Aksakov/Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
People walk by a mural depicting Vladimir Putin in Simferopol, Crimea, on August 17,</figcaption></figure></li>
<li>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wLRjOG">
Blinken, about one year out of the Obama administration, <a href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/interview/antony-blinken/">said</a> they had “misjudged” Putin, whom he ultimately concluded was a kleptocrat and rogue. By the time he invaded Crimea, “we really were in the zero-sum world where, from Moscow’s perspective, Russia’s strength was our weakness, and our gain was their loss,” said Blinken, who now serves as Biden’s secretary of state.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QztZjw">
The Biden team learned that Putin will advance his goals with “asymmetric” tactics, or military and non-military approaches that operate within a gray zone, to trip up the United States. In 2014 and onward, Russia <a href="https://www.npr.org/2014/02/08/273181826/a-possible-explanation-for-
how-u-s-diplomats-call-was-tapped">leaked</a> a phone call to embarrass US diplomats, spread fake news, and sowed disinformation, which culminated in unprecedented attacks on the 2016 election in the US. It’s led Biden to grapple with “How to Stand Up to the Kremlin,” as was the title of a 2018 essay he co-authored for <a href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/russia-fsu/2017-12-05/how-stand-kremlin">Foreign Affairs</a>. He argued that the US must “impose meaningful costs on Russia when they discover evidence of its misdeeds.” He also said that, despite Russia’s belligerent tactics, “Washington needs to keep talking to Moscow,” to avoid unintended escalations of conflict.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0CX6hJ">
As president, Biden has again taken on the role of problem-solver. He spent two hours meeting with Putin in a video call in December as Russia had mobilized troops to its border with Ukraine. “Biden is personally very active on this stuff,” said Ian Bremmer of the Eurasia Group. “Biden runs those meetings. He understands the details.”
</p>
<h3 id="jcJ22s">
Allies count
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DXFtwm">
It’s tough to corral the 27 member states of the European Union and the 29 other members of <a href="https://www.vox.com/22900113/nato-ukraine-russia-crisis-clinton-
expansion">NATO</a>. In 2014, the US and its allies in Europe moved slowly in response to Russia’s aggression. That spring the US <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2014/03/24/politics/obama-europe-trip/index.html">kicked</a> Russia out of the G8 grouping of countries, worked with the EU to <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/17/eu-imposes-
sanctions-21-russian-ukrainian-officials-crimea">sanction</a> Russian leaders, and began multilateral <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27072351">negotiations</a> over the crisis. But it was not enough to deter Russia.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OQ62Vs">
At the time, Julie Smith, a former adviser to Biden, was taking a break from government. Speaking at a panel in March 2014, she <a href="https://www.hudson.org/events/1135-ukraine-crisis-for-central-europe-
and-the-transatlantic-alliance32014">said</a> the US and Europe deserved “pretty low marks, close to a fail.” The Obama administration’s attention had been trained on Asia and the Middle East, leaving behind Russia and Eastern Europe. “All in all,” she said, “a really rough start in part because of the blind eye that we had on this corner of the world for so long.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="j8tHxL">
Smith is now the US ambassador to NATO, and has focused on a united front in Europe. “I can’t remember a situation where we have seen such dogged diplomacy, day by day, almost hour by hour, to try to prevent a war in Ukraine. It really is all hands on deck,” said Charles Kupchan, a Council on Foreign Relations fellow who worked in the Obama White House from 2014 to 2017.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lvD4J1">
The Biden team internalized the lesson that allies count. Blinken in 2016 <a href="https://www.cfr.org/event/multilateral-diplomacy-modern-world-conversation-tony-
blinken">acknowledged</a> that sanctions against Russia were more effective when “we rallied others” to participate.
</p></li>
</ol>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fYRK6B">
Several former ambassadors to Europe told me that they were impressed by how quickly the Biden administration has employed old-fashioned diplomacy. “They have clearly inspired a purposeful, thorough, robust engagement with allies around this crisis that has already paid dividends,” said Dan Baer, an ambassador to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe from 2013 to 2017, who is at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Wr4xzd">
“They are leaning into diplomacy big time, and they’re confronting the prospect that diplomacy might fail,” added Kupchan.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/vkiM2vqhG4c_FFN76gBTxKuR6lk=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218717/AP21167462206767.jpg"/> <cite>Patrick Semansky/AP</cite></p>
<figcaption>
Russian President Vladimir Putin greets President Biden during a summit at Villa la Grange in Geneva, Switzerland, on June 16, 2021.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<h3 id="dPuKzX">
Free weapons for Ukraine
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ja3V9D">
Biden cares about Ukrainian democracy and is cognizant of the <a href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/12/09/remarks-vice-president-joe-biden-ukrainian-
rada">endemic corruption</a> that makes good governance difficult for the country. Nevertheless, he has unequivocally advocated for what the White House euphemistically calls “lethal aid” — that is, free weapons.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Eanjxz">
This contrasts with debates within the Obama administration. Obama was <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/25/world/europe/wary-stance-from-obama.html">against</a> quickly arming the Ukrainians for fear of agitating Russia, and perhaps because the Ukrainian army was <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2014/08/07/why-arming-ukraine-is-a-bad-
idea/">undisciplined</a>. (And once so-called defensive weapons were approved for Ukraine, the transfers were <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/11/us/politics/obama-said-to-resist-growing-pressure-from-all-sides-to-arm-
ukraine.html">slow</a>.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WW8XPE">
Biden was in the camp <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/10/us/politics/joe-biden-ukraine.html">urging</a> Obama to increase weapons transfers. Now, many Obama-era officials who took the hawkish position in advocating for sending weapons to Ukraine are in positions of power.<strong> </strong>As Biden <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-
content/uploads/2015/05/20150527_biden_transcript.pdf">explained</a> in 2015, “Believe me, helping Ukraine in its defense and deterrence against Russian aggression is critical, is critical to checking further aggression down the road.” He later <a href="https://www.cfr.org/event/foreign-affairs-issue-launch-former-vice-president-joe-
biden">described</a> President Donald Trump’s shipment of advanced missiles to Ukraine as “a wise decision.” Biden <a href="http://ucca.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Biden-Overview-for-Ukraine-2020.pdf">pledged</a> to deliver weapons to Ukraine on the 2020 campaign trail, long before any new flareups.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tZMPWc">
So it should be no surprise that the Biden administration has quickly sent to Ukraine <a href="https://www.npr.org/2022/01/22/1075064514/ukraine-lethal-
aid-us-russia">$200 million</a> of weapons and more are likely on the way. Ukraine, for its part, is the <a href="https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R46344/3">fourth-largest recipient</a> of US military funding for weapons. <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/02/politics/us-troops-europe-russia/index.html">Thousands</a> of American soldiers are also headed to NATO partners in Europe.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="udRdgv">
Ian Kelly, who served as ambassador to Georgia from 2015 to 2018, speculates that Putin thought that the “Obama holdovers” on President Biden’s team would be reluctant to move like last time. “Obama didn’t want to sell lethal weapons, Obama didn’t want to escalate, Obama didn’t really react with much in 2014,” said Kelly. But Putin “miscalculated,” he explained, and the Biden team are “firm trans- atlanticists who believe in NATO.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RsGnNW">
Still, lessons learned only go so far.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XkGeX9">
Like the Obama administration, Biden’s inner circle hadn’t prioritized Europe on paper. The interim <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/NSC-1v2.pdf">national security strategy</a> from last year, a document that guides the Biden administration’s thinking, did warn of “strategic challenges” from a “destabilizing Russia.” But the Biden White House indicated that they wanted to prioritize above all China and climate change, addressing the pandemic and rebuilding the economy.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QD1DSc">
Now, Russia is taking much of the Biden team’s attention, and the new national security strategy that was <a href="https://www.defenseone.com/policy/2021/12/new-
national-defense-strategy-be-released-early-2022/187385/">due out</a> in early 2022 has been delayed.
</p>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The GOP’s January 6 lies have reached a fever pitch</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Former President Donald Trump, wearing a red Make America Great Again hat, gestures from behind
a microphone on stage at a rally in Florence, Arizona, on January 15, 2022." src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/vfUAsTsFreTXNgmvUm7DLimNcFk=/106x0:5127x3766/1310x983/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/70477857/1364881985.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Former President Donald Trump speaks at a rally in Florence, Arizona, on January 15, 2022. | Mario Tama/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The RNC censured two members of Congress for refusing to play along.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="b0kISn">
On Friday, the Republican National Committee officially stated that the January 6, 2021, attack on the US Capitol, which left at least <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/05/us/politics/jan-6-capitol-deaths.html">five dead</a> and about <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/11/us/politics/capitol-riot-police-officer-injuries.html">140 injured</a>, was “legitimate political discourse.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HymAFe">
In a two-page <a href="https://int.nyt.com/data/documenttools/rnc-
censure-resolution/58226d40412e4f18/full.pdf">censure resolution</a> <a href="https://www.vox.com/22917728/liz-cheney-
adam-kinzinger-censure-january-6-committee">condemning</a> Republican Reps. Liz Cheney and Adam Kinzinger for their participation in the House select committee investigating the January 6 attack, the RNC wrote that “Representatives Cheney and Kinzinger are participating in a Democrat-led persecution of ordinary citizens engaged in legitimate political discourse, and they are both utilizing their past professed political affiliation to mask Democrat abuse of prosecutorial power for partisan purposes.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FORkar">
In a subsequent tweet, RNC chair Ronna McDaniel <a href="https://twitter.com/GOPChairwoman/status/1489693461452361748?s=20&amp;t=Ql9-CnnWx7T3qC0AIG7sVA">expanded</a> on the language of the censure to clarify that it referred to “ordinary citizens who engaged in legitimate political discourse that had nothing to do with violence at the Capitol.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qQLKGp">
The original text of the resolution, however — which, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/04/us/politics/republicans-jan-6-cheney-censure.html">the New York Times notes</a>, was “carefully negotiated in private among party members” before publication — is a fitting cap to a week that saw the GOP, led by former President Donald Trump, draw closer than ever to explicitly supporting the attack on the Capitol and its goal of overturning the 2020 election.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TjtHx6">
In addition to the censure, Trump last Saturday told supporters at a rally in Conroe, Texas, that he would <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/30/politics/trump-rally-texas/index.html">consider pardoning</a> those charged in connection with the January 6 attack, and <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2022/02/02/trump-considered-blanket-
pardons-for-jan-6-rioters-before-he-left-office-00004738">Politico reported on Wednesday</a> that he also contemplated doing so before leaving office in January last year.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DSOglB">
“If I run and if I win [in 2024], we will treat those people from January 6 fairly. We will treat them fairly,” Trump <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/30/politics/trump-rally-texas/index.html">said at the rally</a>, without addressing any specific concerns about the treatment of rioters. “And if it requires pardons, we will give them pardons. Because they are being treated so unfairly.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1hgJWV">
Trump also said in a <a href="https://twitter.com/W7VOA/status/1487943126396411906?s=20&amp;t=ZBTpGUa4z4hu4gcfwHPrTg">statement last week</a> that former Vice President Mike Pence “could have overturned the Election!” — an assertion that, while incorrect, is among Trump’s most overt remarks about the intent behind January 6 and his actions leading up to it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VvYtM6">
Trump has not yet announced an official run for the presidency in 2024, but <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-drops-hint-about-2024-run-calling-himself-47th-president-2022-1">signs point</a> to a likely White House bid as he retains a tight grip on the GOP rank and file.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TN9949">
In the meantime, large swaths of the Republican party, still apparently in Trump’s thrall,<strong> </strong>have shifted their position on the Capitol insurrection, distancing themselves from the disturbing reality of those events and positioning the insurrectionists as innocent protesters, or even patriotic guardians of the Constitution.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="R8Ujwa">
That <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/02/03/lindsey-graham-familiar-arc-trump-bringing-his-gop-allies-
meekly-heel/">reversal</a> — from horror at the falsehood-fueled spectacle that unfolded at the Capitol last January to condemnation of Republicans who defy Trump’s narrative — may have coalesced even more clearly over the past week and a half, but it’s been building almost since the attack, spearheaded by members of Congress like Reps. Matt Gaetz (R-FL) and Marjorie Taylor Greene (R-GA).
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2kqB1g">
While some establishment Republicans, including <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/04/politics/romney-gop-cheney-kinzinger-censure-vote/index.html">Sen. Mitt Romney</a>, have spoken out against the censure and praised Cheney’s and Kinzinger’s moral compasses, while <a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/592462-graham-defends-opposition-to-jan-6-pardons-after-trump-calls-him-a-
rino">others have expressed dismay</a> at the idea of a future President Trump pardoning January 6 rioters, many have bought so wholeheartedly into Trump’s narrative that they attacked <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/04/us/politics/pence-trump-election.html">Pence</a> for accurately disputing on Thursday Trump’s assertion that he could have overturned the results of the election.
</p>
<h3 id="alCyeg">
What Trump means when he says he wants January 6 prisoners treated “fairly”
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QQTHft">
Trump’s assertion that he wants fair treatment for the January 6 defendants may be superficially benign, but in reality, it’s just one front in the GOP attempt to mythologize the attack as less severe than it was.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6GEsaz">
Trump, along with members of Congress like Gaetz and Greene and would-be members like Ohio Senate candidate JD Vance, have made misleading statements about the slightly more than 700 people arrested for their roles in the attack, including describing them as “<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/marjorie-taylor-greene-visited-jan-6-rioters-jailed-patriot-
wing-2021-11">political prisoners</a>” and <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/08/politics/fact-check-jd-vance-capitol-
charges/index.html">claiming that they haven’t been charged with crimes</a> (they have).
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Z2m6RX">
The subtext of Trump’s argument about fairness is particularly alarming, given the shocking violence directed against police defending the Capitol on January 6. By floating pardons should he regain office, Trump rewrites the limits of acceptable behavior for his supporters — and reinforces that those loyal to Trump are in the right and will be rewarded for their loyalty, while those who oppose his claims to power are not only wrong, but unprincipled.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iGWcPY">
“There is no room for dissenters from Donald Trump’s views in the Republican party,” Alex Keyssar, a professor of history and social policy at Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government, told Vox in a Sunday interview.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="z3uAJe">
Gaetz and Greene — both <a href="https://www.axios.com/jan-6-social-media-congress-
democrats-40237d4e-7e9f-41f4-95b5-da7546aa6dc1.html">ardent supporters of Trump</a> — are leading proponents of the narrative that January 6 attendees are being mistreated (<a href="https://apnews.com/article/records-rebut-claims-
jan-6-rioters-55adf4d46aff57b91af2fdd3345dace8">they’re not</a>). <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/dc-
politics/dc-jail-gop/2021/07/29/8362d17e-f096-11eb-bf80-e3877d9c5f06_story.html">Last summer</a>, they, along with Reps. Louie Gohmert (R-TX) and Paul Gosar (R-AZ) visited a DC jail where some January 6 defendants were being held, demanding access as members of Congress and erroneously claiming they oversaw the budget for the jail, according to the Washington Post.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fGbat4">
The group, joined by Reps. Andy Biggs (R-AZ) and Bob Good (R-VA), also barged into the Justice Department this past summer, with Gosar calling January 6 defendants “political prisoners” and attempting to ask whether any of the defendants were being held in solitary confinement, the <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/dc-politics/dc-jail-gop/2021/07/29/8362d17e-f096-11eb-
bf80-e3877d9c5f06_story.html">Washington Post’s Meagan Flynn</a> reported at the time.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZEUUff">
The January 6 defendants are facing <a href="https://www.justice.gov/usao-dc/capitol-breach-cases">a variety of charges</a>, ranging from <a href="https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/zoetillman/january-6-riot-felony-obstruction-charges">obstructing an official proceeding of the government</a> to <a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/1/16/22886516/stewart-rhodes-seditious-
conspiracy-january-6-oath-keepers">seditious conspiracy</a>. Some have already been <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2022/01/06/jan6-sentencings-judges/">convicted and sentenced</a>; as of the one-year anniversary of the attack, the longest sentence was just over five years in prison.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5lDpqT">
As Keyssar <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2021/12/29/how-will-the-history-books-remember-2021-526219">told Politico</a> in a 2021 retrospective in December, the insurrection of January 6 accelerated “the downward spiral of American political life” and set off an “intensified, rancorous struggle over the preservation of democratic values and institutions.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Mo5Dpa">
Trump’s insistence on pursuing his self-serving narrative of victimhood — and pulling the Republican Party along with him — doesn’t just affect the GOP, as Keyssar points out; it ultimately affects the functioning of democracy and people’s ability to participate in it. “It’s not just a matter of telling different stories,” Keyssar told Vox on Sunday.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BpGk2B">
Specifically, he said, Trump’s rhetoric around the insurrection is “storytelling to justify a particular social order.” According to Keyssar, the narratives forming around the insurrection echo the end of the Reconstruction period in the South following the Civil War. The Reconstruction era gave Black Americans unprecedented rights, power, and political representation for a brief period, until the end of the 19th century; in the decades following Reconstruction, the prevailing narrative among white Southerners was that the Civil War was an attack on Southerners’ ways of life, and the Reconstruction period was the result of corrupt Northern “carpetbaggers” and “scalawags” taking over the remains of that society.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jZ3l28">
At the time, Keyssar said, the white Southern narrative argued that the disenfranchisement of Black Southerners and reinforcement of white supremacy “had to be restored in order to have a ‘good society’ again.” In the same vein now, Trump’s fiction — that he was the true winner of the 2020 election and widespread fraud robbed him of a second term in office; that members of his own party who don’t support his lies are unpatriotic; and that the people who protested and stormed the Capitol on January 6 aren’t criminals — aims to restore him to power.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rfkcI2">
Just because Trump’s talking points around the 2020 election and the Republican Party’s embrace of them aren’t exactly unprecedented, that doesn’t mean they aren’t dangerous, Keyssar said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="H3D8hW">
The polarization of the two parties, and their dominance in state legislatures, has emboldened <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2022/01/31/florida-voting-laws-
elections-00003952">some places to propose laws</a> <a href="https://pittsburgh.cbslocal.com/2022/02/03/west-virginia-
lawmakers-advance-bill-to-enhance-voter-fraud-penalty/">targeting voter fraud</a> — though there was no evidence of fraud in the 2020 election — which can have the real-world effect of making it more difficult for disenfranchised communities, including Black people and those in poverty, to vote.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XxTp1L">
Furthermore, Keyssar said, the constant effort to delegitimize the election does serve to negate the peaceful means of changing power, which could portend further violence in one form or another. “If you discredit the mechanism of elections,” he said, “then what are you left with? Force.”
</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Why Lata Mangeshkar was an Indian music icon</strong> -
<figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/IiXUifJhHp-sux46Z4M-xnT-
lGk=/103x0:3178x2306/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/70477637/GettyImages_1264305927__1_.0.jpg"/></p>
<figcaption>
The iconic Indian playback singer Lata Mangeshkar, pictured in 2009 in Mumbai. She died after a month’s hospitalization with Covid-19. | Prodip Guha/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
For seven decades, she gave voice to the nation’s burgeoning film industry — and fought for better pay for the singers who powered it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EAwX3c">
Lata Mangeshkar, the Indian playback singer who loaned her coy, girlish voice to the heroines of Indian film for more than seven decades and became one of Bollywood’s most powerful figures in the process, died Sunday in Mumbai. The singer, 92, had been hospitalized since early January with Covid-19.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="K1pJyf">
Indian cinema is so intertwined with its music — just watch any classic Bollywood film — that a film can be a hit or a bomb depending solely on the catchiness of its songs. So directors chased Mangeshkar to breathe life into their Busby Berkeley-esque song-and-dance numbers with her impossible high notes and emotive delivery. The singer, whose voice could stretch an impressive four octaves (for comparison, Mariah Carey’s range is five), is believed to have recorded thousands of songs in more than 30 languages from Hindi to Urdu to Tamil to Bengali, as well as her native Marathi.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="56fWjf">
Upon news of Mangeshkar’s death, the actress Kajol, who lip-synced to Mangeshkar’s mellifluous voice in the film <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zxgvob1Ew0c"><em>Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge</em></a>, shared a tweet that suggested just how prolific the singer’s career was. “If we play her songs one by one,” the <a href="https://twitter.com/itsKajolD/status/1490218915854979077">actress wrote</a>, “we could hear her for a month and never hear the same song again.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8JBk7r">
Mangeshkar’s death was also met with the announcement of a national two-day mourning, and her star-studded state funeral in Mumbai on Sunday drew political and Bollywood royalty, from Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi to beloved film star Shah Rukh Khan.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vPT9hv">
The term “playback singer” refers to a background player who sings the songs penned by composers and lip-synced on-screen by actors, but along with a few other high-profile South Asian singers, Mangeshkar managed to defy the rules of the role. Though her songs appeared across Indian film, her rise to fame came largely in tandem with the explosion of Bollywood into a <a href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/235837/value-of-the-film-industry-in-india/">more than $2 billion-dollar industry</a> with a global audience, a fact of which Mangeshkar seemed keenly aware. Though her singing voice could be famously coquettish, Mangeshkar was loud about singers’ right to cash in on the songs they’d helped to make famous, leading a battle for singers’ royalties that stretched for much of her career.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="b2u8cN">
“What do I get from this? I don’t get any royalty. Now there is internet and the MP3 format,” she lamented in 2012 after her songs, owned not by her but by publishing companies, began appearing on various albums. In 2018, thanks in part to Mangeshkar’s decades-long cry for change, Indian singers began receiving royalties, and Mangeshkar was dubbed a feminist for her calls for fair pay and her ambition.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0ILfgr">
Mangeshkar, whose father was a classically trained singer, entered films at age 13 in an effort to support her family after her father’s death. Nicknamed “Lata Didi” — elder sister — and “Nightingale” or “Melody Queen” in the media and by many fans, Mangeshkar quickly became India’s own songbird, its answer to Edith Piaf. Mangeshkar, however, stands apart from the Western musical canon as much for her longevity as for her prodigious output: She appeared on hit albums for four decades, and is reported to have sometimes recorded several songs in a single day. “I recorded two songs in the morning, two in the afternoon, two in the evening and two at night,” she <a href="https://theprint.in/pageturner/excerpt/how-lata-mangeshkar-had-to-fight-for-song-
credit/511629/">would say</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yAbV07">
Her voice rang out (and still does) from India’s movie theaters and television sets, from cars and wedding halls. Though her face only appeared on-screen a few times in her career — she told reporters she hated acting — she was featured on <a href="https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-
story/story/19810215-lata-mangeshkar-the-incredible-singing-machine-772672-2013-11-28">magazine covers</a> as “The Incredible Singing Machine” and interviewed widely. After the end of colonial British rule, she proudly performed for the nation’s new leaders, including Jawaharlal Nehru.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tXZ4x5">
Directors declared her a chameleon distinct among the sea of Indian playback singers, which happened to include her own sister, Asha Bhosle. Love songs, such as her 2006 <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ikZtcgAMxo">Luka Chuppi</a>, about a mother mourning her son’s death, were rendered a little more heartbreaking, and romantic songs, like her famous <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TFr6G5zveS8">Lag Jaa Gale</a>, a smidgeon more stirring in Mangeshkar’s hands, while seductive <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ETyzbcajHUI">numbers</a> betrayed a unique vulnerability as the singer dialed into each character.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="voDaMv">
This weekend, Amitabh Bachchan, the legendary Bollywood actor whose films regularly featured Mangeshkar’s voice, <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/voice-of-a-million-centuries-has-left-us-big-b-pays-
respect-to-lata-mangeshkar-visits-the-singers-home-with-daughter-shweta/articleshow/89386592.cms">took to his blog</a> to acknowledge the value of Mangeshkar’s sacrifices. “The voice of a million centuries has left us … her voice resounds now in the Heavens.”
</p>
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</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>IPL 2022 | Auction action: RCB may bid handsomely for Holder</strong> - It is understood that RCB are interested about three players including Holder, Ambati Rayudu and young ex-Rajasthan Royals turk Riyan Parag</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>England names Paul Collingwood as coach for West Indies Tests</strong> - Assistant coach Collingwood takes over from Chris Silverwood, who was fired in wake of the 4-0 Ashes defeat against Australia</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Six pilots from India will be at World Paramotor Championship to be held at Brazil</strong> - Prabhu Sukumar Das from Hyderabad is one of the six members who will represent India in the World Paramotor Championship 2022</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Hardik Pandya to skip Ranji Trophy</strong> - Hardik has remained on the sidelines ever since the T20 World Cup last year.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Juan Martín del Potro likely to retire from tennis soon</strong> - Once ranked as high as No. 3 in the world, del Potro said on February 5 with tears in his eyes that he was in a difficult moment and knew people were expecting him to return to tennis</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Uttar Pradesh Assembly election | Mamata Banerjee leaves for Lucknow to campaign for Samajwadi Party, calls for defeating BJP</strong> - She will be holding a joint press conference with Akhilesh Yadav and a virtual rally in Lucknow on February 8, according to sources in the party.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Kerala’s GST department establishes virtual cadre</strong> - The virtual cadre consists of 78 department staff spread across the State for streamlining e-governance initiatives</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Supreme Court cautions Tripura police against ‘harassment’ over social media posts</strong> - Court makes it clear to State that if ‘harassment’ continues, it will not hesitate to call for presence of Home Secretary in hearing</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Producers set up ICC to address sexual harassment on sets of Malyalam movie ‘1744 White Alto’</strong> - The code of conduct, issued by Kabini films, the producers of the movie, lists out acts which could be considered as sexual harassment</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>India implementing largest immunisation programme globally: Mansukh Mandaviya</strong> - The Minister launched the Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI) 4.0 virtually in presence of health officials of various States and Union Territories.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine crisis: Macron says a deal to avoid war is within reach</strong> - France’s leader calls for a “new balance” to protect European states while affording Russia respect.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine crisis: ‘It’s like they stuck a knife in our back’</strong> - Ukraine has been living with war for the past eight years, and people in Dnipro are dealing with past scars and the threat of more to come.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Austria on high alert after series of deadly avalanches</strong> - Nine people are killed after more than 100 avalanches hit ski fields, with warnings of more to come.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Emir Abdelkader: French sculpture of Algerian hero vandalised</strong> - Vandals damage the depiction of Emir Abdelkader, once ‘France’s worst enemy’, before its inauguration.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>World War Two: Guard of Nazi and his propaganda artefacts</strong> - Craig Lambert’s father guarded Adolf Hitler’s deputy during his life sentence in Berlin.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Battery-powered trains are picking up speed</strong> - Electric locomotives could cut emissions of greenhouse gases, toxic pollutants. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1831834">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The oldest hominin fossil ever found in the Levant</strong> - The fossil hints that early members of our genus expanded out of Africa in waves. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1831793">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>This fossilized fish skull is filled with feces</strong> - Tiny scavenging worms likely ate their way into the skull and pooped out the pellets. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1831979">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Spotify removes 70 Joe Rogan episodes as he faces heat over use of n-word</strong> - Rogan addresses his repeated use of the n-word and <em>Planet of the Apes</em> comments. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1832077">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The weekend’s best deals: Apple Watch Series 7, LG C1 OLED TV, and more</strong> - Dealmaster also has the iPad Air, AirPods, SSDs, and microSD cards. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1831886">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>What’s E.T. short for?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Cause he’s got little legs
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Pizzacanzone"> /u/Pizzacanzone </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/smlyaz/whats_et_short_for/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/smlyaz/whats_et_short_for/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>How to get out of a speeding ticket…</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Woman: Is there a problem, Officer?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Officer: Ma’am, you were speeding.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Woman: Oh, I see.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Officer: Can I see your license please?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Woman: I’d give it to you but I don’t have one.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Officer: Don’t have one?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Woman: Lost it 4 times for drunk driving.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Officer: I see…Can I see your vehicle registration papers please.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Woman: I can’t do that.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Officer: Why not?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Woman: I stole this car.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Officer: Stole it?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Woman: Yes, and I killed and hacked up the owner.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Officer: You what?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Woman: His body parts are in plastic bags in the trunk if you want to see.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The Officer looks at the woman, slowly backs away to his car, and calls for back up. Within minutes 5 police cars circle the car. A senior officer slowly approaches the car, clasping his half drawn gun.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Officer 2: Ma’am, could you step out of your vehicle<br/> please!
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The woman steps out of her vehicle.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Woman: Is there a problem sir?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Officer 2: One of my officers told me that you have stolen this car and murdered the owner.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Woman: Murdered the owner?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Officer 2: Yes, could you please open the trunk of your car, please.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The woman opens the trunk, revealing nothing but an empty trunk.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Officer 2: Is this your car, ma’am?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Woman: Yes, here are the registration papers.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The first officer is stunned.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Officer 2: One of my officers claims that you do not have a driving license.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The woman digs into her handbag and pulls out a clutch purse and hands it to the officer. The officer snaps open the clutch purse and examines the license. He looks quite puzzled.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Officer 2: Thank you ma’am, one of my officers told me you didn’t have a license, that you stole this car, and that you murdered and hacked up the owner.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Betcha the liar told you I was speeding too.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/StrippedPoker"> /u/StrippedPoker </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/smakd4/how_to_get_out_of_a_speeding_ticket/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/smakd4/how_to_get_out_of_a_speeding_ticket/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>I got into a fight with 1,3,5,7 and 9.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The odds were against me
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/elias3488"> /u/elias3488 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/smmqgh/i_got_into_a_fight_with_1357_and_9/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/smmqgh/i_got_into_a_fight_with_1357_and_9/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>A young man was showing of his new sportscar to his girlfriend she was thrilled at the speed.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“If i do 200 km/h, will you take all of your clothes off?”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The girlfriend felt adventurous, and said “yes, of course”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He brought the car up to the 200 km/h benchmark. However, he was unable to keep his eyes on the road and the car swerved, then flipped over. the Naked girl was thrown clear, but the boyfriend got stuck in a hole.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Go and get help” he yelled.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“I can’t I’m naked!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“take my shoe, he said, and cover yourself.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Holding the shoe to her pubes she ran off, down the road. she came to a gas station, and ran inside to the proprietor.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Please help, my boyfriend got stuck in a hole!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The proprietor look at her. looked at the shoe, and then said: “there’s nothing I can do, he’s too far in.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/YZXFILE"> /u/YZXFILE </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/sm5bfj/a_young_man_was_showing_of_his_new_sportscar_to/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/sm5bfj/a_young_man_was_showing_of_his_new_sportscar_to/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>I’m a 21-year-old multimillionaire. Here’s how I did it.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<ol>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
I get up at 5:00 AM every day
</li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
I run for an hour before breakfast
</li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Afterward, I take a cold shower to wake me up.
</li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Journaling is key. You never know when you might need to remember something.
</li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Always write down an appointment as soon as you get it.
</li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
My dad owns a Fortune 500 company.
</li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
I meditate every day
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Spriy"> /u/Spriy </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/sm41ma/im_a_21yearold_multimillionaire_heres_how_i_did_it/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/sm41ma/im_a_21yearold_multimillionaire_heres_how_i_did_it/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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