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<title>25 November, 2023</title>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>The Situation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Snapshot in Germany</strong> -
<div>
During government-implemented restrictions in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, people’s everyday lives changed profoundly. However, there is to date little research chronicling how people perceived their changed everyday lives and which consequences this had. In a two-wave study, we examined the psychological characteristics of people’s situations and their correlates during shutdown in a large German sample (NT1 = 1,353; NT2 = 446). First, we compared characteristics during government-issued restrictions with retrospective accounts from before and with a follow-up assessment 6 to 7 months later when many restrictions had been lifted. We found that mean levels were lower and variances were higher for most characteristics during the shutdown. Second, the experience of certain situation characteristics was associated in meaningful and theoretically expected ways with people’s traits, appraisals of the COVID-19 crisis, and subjective well-being. Lastly, situation characteristics often substantially explained the associations of traits with appraisals and well-being. Our findings highlight the importance of considering perceived situations as these contribute to people’s functioning during crises.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/49chx/" target="_blank">The Situation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Snapshot in Germany</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Who is impacted? Personality predicts individual differences in psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany</strong> -
<div>
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to changes in people’s private and public lives that are unprecedented in modern history. However, little is known about the differential psychological consequences of restrictions that have been imposed to fight the pandemic. In a large and diverse German sample (N = 1,320), we examined how individual differences in psychological consequences of the pandemic (perceived restrictiveness of government-supported measures; global pandemic-related appraisals; subjective well-being) were associated with a broad set of faceted personality traits (Big Five, Honesty-Humility, Dark Triad). Facets of Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Openness were among the strongest and most important predictors of psychological outcomes, even after controlling for basic socio-demographic variables (gender, age). These findings suggest that psychological consequences of the pandemic depend on personality and thus add to the growing literature on the importance of considering individual differences in crisis situations.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/s65ux/" target="_blank">Who is impacted? Personality predicts individual differences in psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Isogenic iPSC-derived proximal and distal lung-on-chip models: Tissue- and virus-specific immune responses in human lungs</strong> -
<div>
Micro-physiological systems (MPS) are set to play a vital role in preclinical studies, particularly in the context of future viral pandemics. Nonetheless, the development of MPS is often impeded by the scarcity of reliable cell sources, especially when seeking various organs or tissues from a single patient for comparative analysis of the host immune response. Herein, we developed human airway-on-chip and alveolus-on-chip models using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived isogenic lung progenitor cells. Both models demonstrated the replication of two different respiratory viruses, namely SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza, as well as related cellular damage and innate immune responses-on-chip. Our findings reveal distinct immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in the proximal and distal lung-on-chip models. The airway chips exhibited a robust interferon (IFN)-dependent immune response, whereas the alveolus chips exhibited dysregulated IFN activation but a significantly upregulated chemokine pathway. In contrast, Influenza virus infection induced a more pronounced immune response and cellular damage in both chip models compared to SARS-CoV-2. Thus, iPSC-derived lung-on-chip models may aid in quickly gaining insights into viral pathology and screening potential drugs for future pandemics.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.24.568532v1" target="_blank">Isogenic iPSC-derived proximal and distal lung-on-chip models: Tissue- and virus-specific immune responses in human lungs</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>REPORT : Study on ‘Institutionalizing Science Advice to Governments</strong> -
<div>
The provision of appropriate science advice to governments is of national, regional, and global importance. However, many countries, especially in the developing world, lack effective framework to provide science advice to governments, which was laid bare during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, there is an urgent need to describe and analyse the structures and processes providing science advice to governments with a view to strengthening science advice. Science advice requires synthesizing and brokering valid, relevant, and reliable scientific evidence in respect of different policies. The National Academy of Sciences of Sri Lanka conducted a study on the status and processes of institutionalizing Science Advice to Governments in the Australasian region. The aims of the study were to a) propose and facilitate the development and strengthening of systematic science advice in member countries and its institutionalization b) Improve awareness among partners on a range of laws and regulations that exist legitimizing institutions and the processes used for government science advice c) develop capacities of participating academies in providing science advice d) enable academies to play a role and be part of the science advice process The methodology included administration of a structured questionnaire to gather data for the Situation Analysis with respect to science advice in partner countries. The questionnaire responses were categorized under several headings identified as the ‘Colombo Framework’: Selection of advisors, organizational structures to provide advice, the process followed to collate and synthesize advice, the process of communication, and evaluation of the process and impact of advice. The results showed a diversity of responses indicating a range of structures and processes: • The structures and types of advisors included, chief science advisor or advisors, a science advisory office or agency, science advisory boards, science advisory councils and ad-hoc arrangements during emergencies or crises, such as task forces. • Selection of advisors varied from appointments by an executive authority to nominations by science organizations or selection processes based on academic credentials. • The initial framing of questions requiring science advice were by policymakers, parliament committee or the President and advisory council. • Collation and synthesizing evidence: The methods used included systematic reviews, meta-analyses, through surveys, consultative meetings, expert opinion, foresight tools and workshops and/meetings of the experts where the evidence was reviewed. • The process of communicating science advice included reports issued by the science advisors, or advice directed to the Presidential Office, to Cabinet office, or submitted through Secretary of the Ministry of Science and Technology to the Head of State, or reports to the relevant minister and presidential secretariat. • The impact of science advice on policy was rarely evaluated. • Case Studies for individual countries supplemented the situation analysis for that country. • A SWOT analyses was compiled based on each country responses to reflect the totality of responses and for guidance in drafting a framework for Roadmaps for each country. As part of the project a three-day workshop was held in Colombo, Sri Lanka on ‘Institutionalizing Science Advice to Governments’ 6-8 July 2023. A descriptive ‘Colombo Declaration’ was released calling on governments to partner with scientists and demonstrate stronger commitment in strengthening action to institutionalize science advice to governments. The concluding session described future actions of developing Roadmaps and Case Studies by each partner country. The contextualized roadmaps will be developed through an iterative process and ‘work in progress’ submitted by most partner agencies were included in the report. The key outcomes of the Project were the following: 1. Documentation of Science Advice Systems in countries with situation analysis, reinforced with case studies and SWOT analyses and a framework for contextualized roadmaps that could form the foundation for further activities with support from the IAP and AASSA. 2. Developed and disseminated the ‘Colombo Declaration’ calling on governments to institutionalize science advice 3. Availability of validated questionnaire and framework (‘Colombo framework’) to replicate similar studies elsewhere. 4. Development of a process for promotion of institutionalization of science advice to governments that could be replicated in other countries or regions. 5. Promoted awareness among public, public administrators and policymakers and younger generation of scientists to be part of this transformative process, particularly to ensure continuity of efforts. 6. Contextualized Roadmaps design process has been initiated that is meant to trigger further discussions.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/ygp84/" target="_blank">REPORT : Study on ‘Institutionalizing Science Advice to Governments</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>DEFEN-CE: Social Dialogue in Defence of Vulnerable Groups in Post-COVID-19 Labour Markets. Report on Serbia</strong> -
<div>
The aim of this country report is to provide answers to the following DEFEN-CE research questions: 1. What public policy and social dialogue measures targeting the selected vulnerable groups were implemented to employment and social protection during the COVID-19 pandemic 2020-2022? 2. To what extent and how did social dialogue play a role in the implementation of social and employment rights of selected vulnerable groups in the COVID-19 pandemic between 2020 and 2022? 3. What lessons and opportunities does the COVID-19 pandemic yield for strengthening social dialogue in the studied countries? In order to answer these questions we used a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative techniques. We started with the collection of the most relevant labour market data, especially regarding vulnerable groups. Then, by using the desk research we were able to synthesize the existing knowledge on public policies and social dialogue in the COVID-19 crisis. Finally, we conducted 10 semi-structured interviews to explore in-depth the role of social partners in the defence of the vulnerable groups.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/gh9mn/" target="_blank">DEFEN-CE: Social Dialogue in Defence of Vulnerable Groups in Post-COVID-19 Labour Markets. Report on Serbia</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Gaining Biological Insights through Supervised Data Visualization</strong> -
<div>
Dimensionality reduction-based data visualization is pivotal in comprehending complex biological data. The most common methods, such as PHATE, t-SNE, and UMAP, are unsupervised and therefore reflect the dominant structure in the data, which may be independent of expert-provided labels. Here we introduce a supervised data visualization method called RF-PHATE, which integrates expert knowledge for further exploration of the data. RF-PHATE leverages random forests to capture intricate feature-label relationships. Extracting information from the forest, RF-PHATE generates low-dimensional visualizations that highlight relevant data relationships while disregarding extraneous features. This approach scales to large datasets and applies to classification and regression. We illustrate RF-PHATE's prowess through three case studies. In a multiple sclerosis study using longitudinal clinical and imaging data, RF-PHATE unveils a sub-group of patients with non-benign relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis, demonstrating its aptitude for time-series data. In the context of Raman spectral data, RF-PHATE effectively showcases the impact of antioxidants on diesel exhaust-exposed lung cells, highlighting its proficiency in noisy environments. Furthermore, RF-PHATE aligns established geometric structures with COVID-19 patient outcomes, enriching interpretability in a hierarchical manner.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.22.568384v1" target="_blank">Gaining Biological Insights through Supervised Data Visualization</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>scSniper: Single-cell Deep Neural Network-based Identification of Prominent Biomarkers</strong> -
<div>
Discovering disease biomarkers at the single-cell level is crucial for advancing our understanding of diseases and improving diagnostic accuracy. However, current computational methods often have limitations, such as a reliance on prior knowledge, constraints to unimodal data, and the use of conventional statistical tests for feature selection. To address these issues, we introduce scSniper, a novel approach that employs a specialized deep neural network framework tailored for robust single-cell multi-omic biomarker detection. A standout feature of scSniper is the mimetic attention block, enhancing alignment across multi-modal data types. Moreover, scSniper utilizes sensitivity analysis based on a deep neural network for feature selection and uncovers intricate gene regulatory networks without requiring prior knowledge. Comprehensive evaluations on real-world datasets, including COVID-19 CITE-Seq and LUAD scRNA-Seq, demonstrate scSniper's exceptional ability to identify critical biomarkers consistently outperforming traditional methods like MAST, Wilcox, and DESeq2.The scSniper tool and related experimental codes are publicly accessible at https://github.com/mcgilldinglab/scSniper.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.22.568389v1" target="_blank">scSniper: Single-cell Deep Neural Network-based Identification of Prominent Biomarkers</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Enhanced surface accessibility of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike protein due to an altered glycosylation profile</strong> -
<div>
SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) proteins undergo extensive glycosylation, aiding proper folding, enhancing stability, and evading host immune surveillance. In this study, we used mass spectrometric analysis to elucidate the N-glycosylation characteristics and disulfide bonding of recombinant spike proteins derived from the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) in comparison with the D614G spike variant. Furthermore, we conducted microsecond-long molecular dynamics simulations on spike proteins to resolve how the different N-glycans impact spike conformational sampling in the two variants. Our findings reveal that the Omicron spike protein maintains an overall resemblance to the D614G spike variant in terms of site-specific glycan processing and disulfide bond formation. Nonetheless, alterations in glycans were observed at certain N-glycosylation sites. These changes, in synergy with mutations within the Omicron spike protein, result in increased surface accessibility of the macromolecule, including ectodomain, receptor-binding domain, and N-terminal domain. These insights contribute to our understanding of the interplay between structure and function, thereby advancing effective vaccination and therapeutic strategies.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.22.568381v1" target="_blank">Enhanced surface accessibility of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike protein due to an altered glycosylation profile</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Assembly reactions of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein with nucleic acid</strong> -
<div>
The viral genome of SARS-CoV-2 is packaged by the nucleocapsid (N-)protein into ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs), 38+/-10 of which are contained in each virion. Their architecture has remained unclear due to the pleomorphism of RNPs, the high flexibility of N-protein intrinsically disordered regions, and highly multivalent interactions between viral RNA and N-protein binding sites in both N-terminal (NTD) and C-terminal domain (CTD). Here we explore critical interaction motifs of RNPs by applying a combination of biophysical techniques to mutant proteins binding different nucleic acids in an in vitro assay for RNP formation, and by examining mutant proteins in a viral assembly assay. We find that nucleic acid-bound N-protein dimers oligomerize via a recently described protein-protein interface presented by a transient helix in its long disordered linker region between NTD and CTD. The resulting hexameric complexes are stabilized by multi-valent protein-nucleic acid interactions that establish crosslinks between dimeric subunits. Assemblies are stabilized by the dimeric CTD of N-protein offering more than one binding site for stem-loop RNA. Our study suggests a model for RNP assembly where N-protein scaffolding at high density on viral RNA is followed by cooperative multimerization through protein-protein interactions in the disordered linker.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.22.568361v1" target="_blank">Assembly reactions of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein with nucleic acid</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Predicting Antibody and ACE2 Affinity forSARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 with In Silico ProteinModeling and Docking</strong> -
<div>
The emergence of the Omicron sublineage of SARS-CoV-2 virus BA.2.86 (nicknamed "Pirola") has raised concerns about its potential impact on public health and personal health as it has many mutations with respect to previous variants. We conducted an in silico analysis of neutralizing antibody binding to BA.2.86. Selected antibodies came from patients who were vaccinated and/or infected. We predicted binding affinity between BA.2.86 and antibodies. We also predicted the binding affinity between the same antibodies and several previous SARS-CoV2 variants (Wuhan and Omicron descendants BA.1, BA.2, and XBB.1.5). Additionally, we examined binding affinity between BA.2.86 and human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, a cell surface protein crucial for viral entry. We found no statistically significant difference in binding affinity between BA.2.86 and other variants, indicating a similar immune response. These findings contradict media reports of BA.2.86's high immune evasion potential based on its mutations. We discuss the implications of our findings and highlight the need for modeling and docking studies to go above and beyond mutation and basic serological neutralization analysis. Future research in this area will benefit from increased structural analyses of memory B-cell derived antibodies and should emphasize the importance of choosing appropriate samples for in silico studies to assess protection provided by vaccination and infection. This research contributes to understanding the BA.2.86 variant's potential impact on public health. Moreover, we introduce new methodologies for predictive medicine in ongoing efforts to combat the evolving SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and prepare for other hazards.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.22.568364v1" target="_blank">Predicting Antibody and ACE2 Affinity forSARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 with In Silico ProteinModeling and Docking</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Development of attenuated coxsackievirus B3 vectored intranasal pre-emptive pan-coronavirus vaccine</strong> -
<div>
SARS-CoV-2 has the ability to evade immunity, resulting in breakthrough infections even after vaccination. Similarly, zoonotic coronaviruses pose a risk of spillover to humans. There is an urgent need to develop a pre-emptive pan-coronavirus vaccine that can induce systemic and mucosal immunity. Here, we employed a combination of immune-informatics approaches to identify shared immunodominant linear B- and T-cell epitopes from SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) and variants of interest (VOIs), as well as zoonotic coronaviruses. Epitope-guided vaccine were designed and the attenuated coxsackievirus B3 vectored intranasal vaccines rCVB3-EPI and rCVB3-RBD-trimer were constructed. The immunogenicity of these candidate vaccines was evaluated using Balb/c mice. The results demonstrated effective immune responses, including the production of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and sIgA antibodies, as well as T cell-mediated responses. However, further verification is required to assess cross-reactivity with various variants. Our intranasal pre-emptive pan-coronavirus vaccine design framework offers an appealing candidate for future vaccine development.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.22.568225v1" target="_blank">Development of attenuated coxsackievirus B3 vectored intranasal pre-emptive pan-coronavirus vaccine</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Building energy use in COVID-19 lockdowns: did much change?</strong> -
<div>
The UK national lockdowns introduced to prevent the spread of COVID-19 had huge impacts on daily lives, as people were largely confined to their homes. It could be expected that residential energy use would drastically increase while non-residential decreased, however the picture is not so clear. In this paper three complementary datasets on different scales are used to explore changes in building energy use during two national lockdowns (spring 2020 and winter 2021): the complete building stock of Great Britain, a sample of ~1000 residential buildings, and a sample of ~24,000 residential boilers. Energy signature analysis was used for the building data to estimate the changes in energy consumption for space heating and otherwise, with the boiler data able to separate space and water heating and explore changes in these. In the 2020 lockdown residential energy consumption for water heating and appliances increased, with decreased use for heating, resulting in a reduction in total energy use during the heating season. In the 2021 lockdown total energy consumption changed little, however a decrease in the use of gas space heating was observed. These residential changes counteracted any non-domestic changes, resulting in little difference in national energy consumption.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/cu2na/" target="_blank">Building energy use in COVID-19 lockdowns: did much change?</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Tertiary folds of the SL5 RNA from the 5’ proximal region of SARS-CoV-2 and related coronaviruses</strong> -
<div>
Coronavirus genomes sequester their start codons within stem-loop 5 (SL5), a structured, 5' genomic RNA element. In most alpha- and betacoronaviruses, the secondary structure of SL5 is predicted to contain a four-way junction of helical stems, some of which are capped with UUYYGU hexaloops. Here, using cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and computational modeling with biochemically-determined secondary structures, we present three-dimensional structures of SL5 from six coronaviruses. The SL5 domain of betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2, resolved at 4.7 [A] resolution, exhibits a T-shaped structure, with its UUYYGU hexaloops at opposing ends of a coaxial stack, the T's "bar." Further analysis of SL5 domains from SARS-CoV-1 and MERS (7.1 and 6.4-6.9 [A] resolution, respectively) indicate that the junction geometry and inter-hexaloop distances are conserved features across the studied human-infecting betacoronaviruses. The MERS SL5 domain displays an additional tertiary interaction, which is also observed in the non-human-infecting betacoronavirus BtCoV-HKU5 (5.9-8.0 [A] resolution). SL5s from human-infecting alphacoronaviruses, HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63 (6.5 and 8.4-9.0 [A] resolution, respectively), exhibit the same coaxial stacks, including the UUYYGU-capped bar, but with a phylogenetically distinct crossing angle, an X-shape. As such, all herein studied SL5 domains fold into stable tertiary structures with cross-genus similarities, with implications for potential protein-binding modes and future therapeutic targets.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.22.567964v1" target="_blank">Tertiary folds of the SL5 RNA from the 5’ proximal region of SARS-CoV-2 and related coronaviruses</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Transmission dynamics of MERS-CoV in a transgenic human DPP4 mouse model</strong> -
<div>
Since 2002, three novel coronavirus outbreaks have occurred: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2. A better understanding of the transmission potential of coronaviruses will result in adequate infection control precautions and an early halt of transmission within the human population. Experiments on the stability of coronaviruses in the environment, as well as transmission models, are thus pertinent. Here, we show that transgenic mice expressing human DPP4 can be infected with MERS-CoV via the aerosol route. Exposure to 5x106 TCID50 and 5x104 TCID50 MERS-CoV per cage via fomites resulted in transmission in 15 out of 20 and 11 out of 18 animals, respectively. Exposure of sentinel mice to donor mice one day post inoculation with 105 TCID50 MERS-CoV resulted in transmission in 1 out of 38 mice via direct contact and 4 out of 54 mice via airborne contact. Exposure to donor mice inoculated with 104 TCID50 MERS-CoV resulted in transmission in 0 out of 20 pairs via direct contact and 0 out of 5 pairs via the airborne route. Our model shows limited transmission of MERS-CoV via the fomite, direct contact, and airborne routes. The hDPP4 mouse model will allow assessment of the ongoing evolution of MERS-CoV in the context of acquiring enhanced human-to-human transmission kinetics and will inform the development of other transmission models.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.22.568286v1" target="_blank">Transmission dynamics of MERS-CoV in a transgenic human DPP4 mouse model</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody treatment followed by vaccination shifts human memory B cell epitope recognition suggesting antibody feedback</strong> -
<div>
Therapeutic anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been extensively studied in humans, but the impact on immune memory of mAb treatment during an ongoing immune response has remained unclear. Here, we evaluated the effect of infusion of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain (RBD) mAb bamlanivimab on memory B cells (MBCs) in SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals. Bamlanivimab treatment skewed the repertoire of memory B cells targeting Spike towards non-RBD epitopes. Furthermore, the relative affinity of RBD memory B cells was weaker in mAb-treated individuals compared to placebo-treated individuals over time. Subsequently, after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, memory B cell differences persisted and mapped to a specific defect in recognition of the class II RBD site, the same RBD epitope recognized by bamlanivimab. These findings indicate a substantial role of antibody feedback in regulating human memory B cell responses, both to infection and vaccination. These data indicate that mAb administration can promote alterations in the epitopes recognized by the B cell repertoire, and the single administration of mAb can continue to determine the fate of B cells in response to additional antigen exposures months later.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.21.567575v1" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody treatment followed by vaccination shifts human memory B cell epitope recognition suggesting antibody feedback</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Collection of Additional Biological Samples From Potentially COVID-19 Patients for Monitoring of Biological Parameters Carried Out as Part of the Routine</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: SARS CoV 2 Infection <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Diagnostic Test: RIPH2 <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: CerbaXpert <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mitigating Mental and Social Health Outcomes of COVID-19: A Counseling Approach</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Social Determinants of Health; Mental Health Issue; COVID-19 <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: Individual counseling; Behavioral: Group counseling; Other: Resources <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Idaho State University <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Promoting Engagement and COVID-19 Testing for Health</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19 <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: COVID-19 Test Reporting; Behavioral: Personalized Nudges via Text Messaging; Behavioral: Non-personalized Nudges via Text Messaging <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Emory University; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); Morehouse School of Medicine; Georgia Institute of Technology <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Development and Qualification of Methods for Analyzing the Mucosal Immune Response to COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Certain Disorders Involving the Immune Mechanism <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: Sampling; Biological: PCR (polymerase chain reaction) SARS-CoV-2 <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: University Hospital, Tours <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Water-based Activity to Enhance Recovery in Long COVID</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Long COVID <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: WATER+CT; Behavioral: Usual Care <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: VA Office of Research and Development <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Performance Evaluation of the Lucira COVID-19 &amp; Flu Test</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; Influenza <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Device: Lucira COVID-19 &amp; Flu Test <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Lucira Health Inc <br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy of Two Therapeutic Exercise Modalities for Patients With Persistent COVID</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Persistent COVID-19 <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Other: exercise programe <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Facultat de ciencies de la Salut Universitat Ramon Llull <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Robotic Assisted Hand Rehabilitation Outcomes in Adults After COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Robotic Exoskeleton; Post-acute Covid-19 Syndrome; Rehabilitation Outcome; Physical And Rehabilitation Medicine <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Device: Training with a Robotic Hand Exoskeleton <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: University of Valladolid; Centro Hospitalario Padre Benito Menni <br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cognitive Rehabilitation in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Post-COVID-19 Syndrome <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: CO-OP Procedures; Behavioral: Inactive Control Group <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: University of Missouri-Columbia; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Immunogenicity of BNT162b2 Coadministered With SIIV in Adults 18 Through 64 Years of Age</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: SARS-CoV-2 Infection; COVID-19 <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: BNT162b2; Other: Placebo; Biological: Seasonal Inactivated Influenza Vaccine <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Pfizer <br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Clinical Evaluation of the Panbio™ COVID-19/Flu A&amp;B Panel</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; Influenza A; Influenza B <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Diagnostic Test: Panbio™ <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Abbott Rapid Dx <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Multicenter, Adaptive, Randomized, doublE-blinded, Placebo-controlled Study in Participants With Long COVID-19: The REVIVE Trial</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Long COVID-19 Syndrome; Chronic Fatigue Syndrome <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Fluvoxamine Maleate 100 MG; Drug: Placebo; Drug: Metformin Extended Release Oral Tablet <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Cardresearch <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Connecting Friends and Health Workers to Boost COVID-19 Vaccination in Latino Communities</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; Vaccine <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: REDES; Behavioral: Control <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Johns Hopkins University; National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD); Rutgers University <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Influence of Hypoxic, Normobaric and Hypobaric Training on the Immunometabolism of Post-covid-19 Athletes</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Normobaric Hypoxia; Hypoventilation; Normoxia <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Other: Repeated sprint <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Faculdade de Motricidade Humana; University of Sao Paulo; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior. <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Safety and Tolerability of A8G6 COVID-19 Neutralization Antibody Combined With Nasal Spray</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: SARS-CoV-2; Prevention <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: A8G6 SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Antibody combination nasal spray; Other: A8G6 SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Antibody nasal excipient <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluation of A-ring hydroxymethylene-amino- triterpenoids as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudovirus and influenza H1N1</strong> - A set of triterpene A-ring hydroxymethylene-amino-derivatives was synthesized and their antiviral activity was studied. The synthesized compounds were tested for their potential inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus in BHK-21-hACE2 cells and influenza A/PuertoRico/8/34 (H1N1) virus in MDCK cell culture. Compounds 6, 8 and 19 showed significant anti-SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus activity with EC(50) value of 3.20-11.13 µM, which is comparable to the positive control amodiaquine (EC(50) 3.17 µM). Among…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Applications of peptide-functionalized or unfunctionalized selenium nanoparticles for the passivation of SARS-CoV-2 variants and the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)</strong> - The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.4, BA. 5 and XBB are currently causing a COVID resurgence due to their increased spreading and infectivity. These latest subvariants have been shown to be somewhat resistant to the most common vaccines even with the third dose. Moreover, it has been well documented that when patients stop taking some commercial therapies (such as Paxlovid), COVID from these variants may return and may even be more contagious. Herein, we tested unfunctionalized and…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cellular mechanisms associated with sub-optimal immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 bivalent booster vaccination in patients with Multiple Myeloma</strong> - BACKGROUND: The real-world impact of bivalent vaccines for wild type (WA.1) and Omicron variant (BA.5) is largely unknown in immunocompromised patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM). We characterize the humoral and cellular immune responses in patients with MM before and after receiving the bivalent booster, including neutralizing assays to identify patterns associated with continuing vulnerability to current variants (XBB1.16, EG5) in the current post-pandemic era.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Role of Olive Tree Polyphenols In The Prevention of COVID-19: A Scoping Review Part 2</strong> - The recent COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 affected hundreds of millions of people and caused millions of deaths. There are few effective medications against SARS-CoV-2, and several stud-ies attempted to make drugs based on natural components, such as olive leaves. Olive leaves are rich in polyphenolic compounds, which were proposed as a viable co-therapy supplement to treat and improve clinical symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Polyphenols have renown anti-inflammatory and multitarget…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Drug-drug interaction between paxlovid and tacrolimus in a patient with myasthenia gravis and SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> - Patients with both myasthenia gravis (MG) and SARS-CoV-2 infection face treatment challenges due to potential drug interactions. One common immunosuppressant for MG, Tacrolimus, is primarily metabolized by the cytochrome P450. However, Paxlovid, an antiviral medication, inhibits cytochrome P450 activity, which can lead to increased Tacrolimus levels and potential toxicity when the two drugs are combined. In this case report, we present the case of a 39-year-old woman with early-onset MG who was…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Discovery of pyrimidoindol and benzylpyrrolyl inhibitors targeting SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M<sup>pro</sup>) through pharmacophore modelling, covalent docking, and biological evaluation</strong> - The main protease (M^(pro)) enzyme has an imperative function in disease progression and the life cycle of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Although the orally active drug nirmatrelvir (co-administered with ritonavir as paxlovid) has been approved for emergency use as the frontline antiviral agent, there are a number of limitations that necessitate the discovery of new drug scaffolds, such as poor pharmacokinetics and susceptibility to proteolytic degradation due to its peptidomimetic nature. This study…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Exploring the Fatty Acid Binding Pocket in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein - Confirmed and Potential Ligands</strong> - Severe Acute Respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a respiratory virus responsible for coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and the still ongoing and unprecedented global pandemic. The key viral protein for cell infection is the spike glycoprotein, a surface-exposed fusion protein that both recognizes and mediates entry into host cells. Within the spike glycoprotein, a fatty acid binding pocket (FABP) was confirmed, with the crystallization of linoleic acid (LA) occupying a well-defined site….</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Synthesis, characterization, biological activity and computation-based efficacy of cobalt(II) complexes of biphenyl-2-ol against SARS-CoV-2 virus</strong> - Cobalt(II) complexes of biphenyl-2-ol of composition, CoCl(2-n)(OC(6)H(4)C(6)H(5)-2)(n)(H(2)O)(4) (where n = 1 or 2), were prepared by reacting cobaltous(II) chloride with equi- and bimolar ratios of sodium salt of biphenyl-2-ol. The structural characterization of the synthesized complexes was accomplished by NMR, FTIR, thermogravimetry (TGA), high resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS), electronic spectroscopic techniques coupled with density functional theory (DFT). The stability of the complexes…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Structure-based discovery of dual pathway inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 entry</strong> - Since 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has evolved rapidly and gained resistance to multiple therapeutics targeting the virus. Development of host-directed antivirals offers broad-spectrum intervention against different variants of concern. Host proteases, TMPRSS2 and CTSL/CTSB cleave the SARS-CoV-2 spike to play a crucial role in the two alternative pathways of viral entry and are characterized as promising pharmacological targets. Here, we identify compounds that show potent inhibition of these proteases and…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Chemical Composition of Rosemary (<em>Rosmarinus officinalis</em> L.) Extract and Its Inhibitory Effects on SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein-ACE2 Interaction and ACE2 Activity and Free Radical Scavenging Capacities</strong> - This study evaluated the chemical composition of rosemary water extract (RWE) and its influence on mechanisms by which the SARS-CoV-2 virus enters into cells as a potential route for reducing the risk of COVID-19 disease. Compounds in RWE were identified using UHPLC-MS/MS. The inhibitory effect of RWE was then evaluated on binding between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S-protein) and ACE2 and separately on ACE2 activity/availability. Additionally, total phenolic content (TPC) and free radical…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Minimal impact of IL-17 and IL-12/23 inhibition on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 antibody response in psoriasis patients</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Remdesivir-Loaded Nanoliposomes Stabilized by Chitosan/Hyaluronic Acid Film with a Potential Application in the Treatment of Coronavirus Infection</strong> - An object of the present study was the development of liposomes loaded with the medicine Veklury^(®) (remdesivir) stabilized by electrostatic adsorption of polysaccharide film formed from chitosans with different physicochemical characteristics and hyaluronic acid. The functionalization of the structures was achieved through the inclusion of an aptamer (oligonucleotide sequence) with specific affinity to the spike protein of the human coronavirus HCoV-OC43. The hydrodynamic size, electrokinetic…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Molecular Docking and ADME-TOX Profiling of <em>Moringa oleifera</em> Constituents against SARS-CoV-2</strong> - The SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2019) etiological agent, which has a high contagiousness and is to blame for the outbreak of acute viral pneumonia, is the cause of the respiratory disease COVID-19. The use of natural products grew as an alternative treatment for various diseases due to the abundance of organic molecules with pharmacological properties. Many pharmaceutical studies have focused on investigating compounds with therapeutic potential. Therefore, this…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 infection as a model to study the effect of cinnamaldehyde as adjuvant therapy for viral pneumonia</strong> - CONCLUSION: The obtained results suggest the possible use of cinnamaldehyde as a co-adjuvant preventive treatment for COVID-19 disease together with vaccination, but also as a promising dietary supplement to reduce, more broadly, viral induced inflammation.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>An exploratory study of drug concentration and inhibitory effect of cetylpyridinium chloride buccal tablets on SARS-CoV-2 infection among 10 Chinese subjects</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: The comparison between the salivary CPC concentration and EC50/CC50 values from in vitro antiviral experiments suggests that CPC buccal tablets may inhibit SARS-CoV-2 activity, and the inhibition may last for approximately 30 min without cytotoxicity.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>One Family’s Perilous Escape from Gaza City</strong> - When Israel invaded Kamal Al-Mashharawi’s neighborhood, he crowded into a basement with his extended family. “The world is closing in on us,” he wrote on WhatsApp. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/dispatch/one-familys-perilous-escape-from-gaza-city">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Free-Market Fundamentalism of Argentina’s Javier Milei</strong> - The President-elect, a right-wing populist with authoritarian instincts, has been compared to Donald Trump, but his radical views on the economy set him apart. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-free-market-fundamentalism-of-argentinas-javier-milei">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Next Power Plant Is on the Roof and in the Basement</strong> - A Department of Energy report promotes a new system that could remake the energy grid. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/the-next-power-plant-is-on-the-roof-and-in-the-basement">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Road to Dubai</strong> - The latest round of international climate negotiations is being held in a petrostate. What could go wrong? - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-weekend-essay/the-road-to-dubai">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Bradley Cooper: Conducting Is the “Scariest Thing I’ve Ever Done”</strong> - Bradley Cooper tells David Remnick that he has spent his life preparing for his role in “Maestro” as the iconic conductor Leonard Bernstein—and it shows. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/podcast/the-new-yorker-radio-hour/bradley-cooper-conducting-is-the-scariest-thing-ive-ever-done">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>How to fit volunteering into a hectic schedule</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Illustration of a woman working at a desk while she rocks a cradle with her foot." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Rvis2CfJe_MZ_X4NIzV_kW8SjQA=/500x0:4501x3001/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72900321/GettyImages_1394036981.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Getty Images/iStockphoto
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</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
There are so many ways to make a difference, even when your time is tight.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zZKuB5">
<a href="https://www.philanthropyroundtable.org/almanac/who-gives-most-to-charity/">Six out of ten</a> US households donate to charity every year. Yet, under a quarter of Americans volunteered their time in 2021, according to a joint report from <a href="https://www.americorps.gov/sites/default/files/document/volunteering-civic-life-america-research-summary.pdf">AmeriCorps and the US Census Bureau.</a>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IDPU1I">
Donating is a great way to help your community, but volunteering can help you truly become a part of it. Its benefits extend beyond those who are helped: In a post-lockdown world — where <a href="https://newsroom.thecignagroup.com/loneliness-epidemic-persists-post-pandemic-look">58 percent of adults</a> report feeling lonely — volunteering could <a href="https://createthegood.aarp.org/volunteer-ideas/create-meaningful-connections.html">cement much-needed connections</a>. Additionally, research <a href="https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-017-4561-8?report=reader">shows</a> volunteering actually <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10159229/">boosts</a> our overall physical and mental health and increases our sense of pride, motivation, and support.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dsCL8E">
“What brings me back here every single day is really the people,” said Juliana Soltys, a former volunteer and now the volunteer manager at <a href="https://haleyhouse.org/">Haley House</a>, a Boston-based nonprofit that runs a soup kitchen, cooking classes, affordable housing units, and more for houseless individuals. “Every individual volunteer matters to us and we are just very grateful to have them in our space and getting to know them on a more personal level as well.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rg85l9">
But despite <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/23862090/subjective-wellbeing-wealth-philanthropy-gdp-happiness-givewell">the very real need</a> and the <a href="https://vox.com/22992901/how-to-find-your-community-as-an-adult">potential benefits for all involved</a>, volunteering isn’t as popular as it used to be. Since 2000, the number of Americans volunteering fell, <a href="https://www.philanthropy.com/article/americans-are-volunteering-less-what-can-nonprofits-do-to-bring-them-back">reports the Chronicle of Philanthropy</a>. Between 2003 and 2005, more than 28 percent of Americans volunteered, <a href="https://dogood.umd.edu/sites/default/files/2019-07/Where%20Are%20Americas%20Volunteers_Research%20Brief%20_Nov%202018.pdf">according to the Do Good Institute</a>. By the end of 2020, that number dwindled to less than 25 percent. 2020, of course, saw a decline in community participation due to the pandemic — but even now, in a post-pandemic world, nonprofits are <a href="https://fortune.com/2023/04/17/nonprofit-volunteering-declining-covid-pandemic-economic-hardship/">struggling</a> to find the necessary number of volunteers.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PK9EFF">
Volunteering can be a tough squeeze. For many, a lack of time or an inflexible schedule poses a hurdle. Then there’s the issue of finding an organization that aligns with your values. But the good news is volunteers are needed in so many different ways, from building homes to working from home. You don’t have to sacrifice other parts of your life to make an impact — you just need to be a bit creative to find the opportunities that fit your schedule, skills, and interests.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="y9E7C6">
“I think too often we have misconceptions about volunteering,” <a href="https://www.barbarahuelat.com/">Barbara Huelat</a>, an author, hospice volunteer, and dementia caregiver, told Vox. “If you keep both your eyes and your heart open, you will see needs that need to be met, and it will bring you great joy to be able to jump in and do it.”
</p>
<h3 id="45SY9B">
How do you find the right community?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="X9WdPk">
Just like when you’re deciding where to send your money, selecting the organization or the causes you want to aid — animals in need, kids in under-served schools, people escaping domestic abuse — is the first step to getting involved.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BIaHgo">
When you donate money, you’re probably concerned about where that money goes, or if it’s doing the most good it possibly can. Those worries matter: The most effective charities produce 100 times as much benefit as the average organization, <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/21728843/best-charities-donate-giving-tuesday">Future Perfect writers Dylan Matthews and Sigal Samuel previously reported</a>. No one wants to feel like their money isn’t helping — or worse, wasted.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Od4zcP">
Online platforms like <a href="https://www.givewell.org/charities/top-charities">GiveWell</a> and <a href="https://www.charitynavigator.org/">Charity Navigator</a> can help you find top-rated organizations globally. If your priority is to make the most significant impact with your time, these websites could help guide you.<strong> (Disclosure: GiveWell is also an advertiser on Vox podcasts.)</strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7Wyq1K">
Meanwhile, <a href="https://www.volunteermatch.org/">VolunteerMatch</a> won’t necessarily help you identify the most effective organizations, but it does let you look for opportunities that fit your location, causes of interest, and skills (and it allows you to filter for remote options).
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="O7czKv">
Sometimes other groups that you’re already a part of, like recreational sports teams or book clubs, can lead you to your volunteer community. Some of the largest sources of volunteers for <a href="https://www.habitat.org/">Habitat for Humanity</a>, a nonprofit organization that helps provide and build affordable homes, have been school groups and churches, said Boram Kim, the senior director of volunteer and institutional engagement at Habitat for Humanity International.
</p>
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Let’s say you already know which organization you want to volunteer for, but feel hesitant because you’re not sure you have the skills needed to help. Reach out anyway, the experts Vox spoke to agreed.
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For example, the task of building a home for <a href="https://www.habitat.org/">Habitat for Humanity</a> can seem daunting, especially if you’ve never even used a hammer. But there’s no reason to think you can’t help, Kim said. Prior to helping on a build, the organization ensures volunteers are trained and comfortable with the tasks they’ll be completing.
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Similarly, new volunteers at Haley House receive a video orientation about what to expect before their first shift and at least one to two staff members work alongside the volunteers each shift to answer questions. When you’re volunteering, you’re never alone.
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“Often people think they need special qualifications. They don’t,” said Randy Allison, a lifelong volunteer and founder of <a href="https://alterxco.com/meet-the-founder/">Alter X Company</a>, an apparel company that donates 20 percent of its sales to a variety of causes. “Most often the greatest qualification is time and availability. Organizations need people to help fulfill their service-oriented mission often with limited financial and personnel resources to accomplish them.”
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When it comes to volunteering, picking a cause you’re invested in is one step — the other is ensuring you’re comfortable with commitment. If you’re allergic to dogs, walking senior dogs at the shelter isn’t the best way to invest your time. Yes, there can be a lot of pressure to choose the most urgent issues, like <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2023/06/21/inflation-health-costs-partisan-cooperation-among-the-nations-top-problems/">gun violence or the opioid crisis</a>. But ultimately, enjoying the work you’ll do is vital for maintaining the commitment to yourself and others
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“I think one of the things you really have to do is be cognizant of what you want to do,” said Huelat. “You should really be finding what brings you joy, and what’s meaningful for you, and where your expertise is.”
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How to make volunteering fit with your skills and schedule
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When you hear the word “volunteering,” what comes to mind?
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Maybe you picture the packed cafeteria of your <a href="https://ofhsoupkitchen.org/what-soup-kitchen">local soup kitchen</a>, or an <a href="https://afterschoolallstars.org/">afterschool program</a> where tutors help young kids with their math and reading homework, or a team of <a href="https://www.redcross.org/volunteer/volunteer-opportunities/disaster-volunteer.html">red-vested disaster relief volunteers</a> handing out supplies and looking for survivors after a hurricane.
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Your vision probably does not include the work behind the scenes that funds that cafeteria, organizes those student-tutor matches, or assigns the Red Cross volunteers. Yet, every organization needs people to complete those tasks, and many of these tasks can be completed from anywhere and at any time. These opportunities while not as flashy, are necessary for organizations trying to do the most good with the resources they have.
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“Volunteers are the backbone of every nonprofit organization,” said Joshua Fields, co-founder and CEO of <a href="https://tnsprograms.org/">the Next Step Programs</a>, a nonprofit that works with young adults who have intellectual disabilities to help them transition out of high school. “Without the support and dedication of volunteers from the community, it would be impossible to make as big of an impact as many organizations do.”
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For example, some <a href="https://tnsprograms.org/">Next Step Programs</a> volunteers invest their time remotely, helping with fundraising or social media messaging. These posts help the organization attract donations and more volunteers, and still allow someone to connect and interact with the team remotely. “These types of tasks can be completed from the comfort of folks’ homes, and often time at one’s own schedule,” said Fields.
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Similarly at Haley House, volunteers can help plan events, the organization’s annual concert fundraiser, and help with social media posts from anywhere in the world. Soltys says it’s just a matter of reaching out and finding the right place in the organization for the individual.
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Other virtual volunteer opportunities include sending <a href="https://www.usasoa.org/christmas-cards-for-our-deployed-troops">Christmas cards</a> to deployed troops, becoming <a href="https://writeaprisoner.com/">pen pals</a> with someone who is incarcerated, or operating a <a href="https://www.crisistextline.org/become-a-volunteer/">mental health hotline</a>.
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The key when you’re new to volunteering is starting small. “I think a lot of people feel that they have to commit a ton of hours to an organization when they choose to volunteer,” said Fields. “What I have learned is that every person has different tools, strengths, and skills to share. Organizations often welcome volunteers in many different capacities, and will usually work with your schedules.”
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Look at your calendar and figure out what day or days you have small chunks of time to spare. Maybe you’ll find a 30-minute window to make fundraising calls as you wait in the pickup line at your children’s school, or maybe you’ll discover that the library needs volunteers to read to the children who gather there. “Only commit to what you can safely fulfill,” Allison said. “Think about how you can best use and reorganize your time to give yourself more opportunities to serve.”
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And if you can’t commit to any one organization or charity, maybe try helping someone more directly. These types of informal opportunities to help members of your community can easily be found in neighborhood social media pages, or through <a href="https://www.mutualaidhub.org/">mutual aid hubs</a>. Mutual aid involves <a href="https://www.thecut.com/2020/09/what-exactly-is-mutual-aid-how-to-get-involved.html">community members coming together</a> to address an issue as a collective, rather than individually. It can be as simple as <a href="https://ssw.uga.edu/news/article/what-is-mutual-aid-by-joel-izlar/">sharing meals</a>, teaching each other new skills, or pooling your resources to help members of the community purchase necessary medical treatments.
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“An elderly woman in the neighborhood no longer drives, and I take her to get groceries, and not only does it help her get the groceries, but I spend time with her and she’s not lonely and she gets out,” said Huelat. “I think that’s probably the biggest need when we just see people that need assistance. It doesn’t have to be a formal organization.”
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<li><strong>Many Americans with dementia can’t get the hospice care they need</strong> -
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<img alt="Two elderly hands holding each other." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/-MI-4FIsk_tI2FOQv0PenBZ9zCU=/228x0:3372x2358/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72897815/1697767837.0.jpg"/>
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Former President Jimmy Carter holds hands with ex-first lady Rosalynn Carter in Plains, Georgia, on September 23, 2023.  | Michael S. Williamson/The Washington Post via Getty Images
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Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter have drawn attention to the benefits of hospice care. But it’s not serving everyone well.
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Rosalynn Carter, whose unflagging advocacy for <a href="https://www.vox.com/mental-health">mental health</a> reform and on behalf of human rights, democracy, and health programs redefined the role of a president’s wife, <a href="https://www.cartercenter.org/news/pr/2023/statement-rosalynn-carter-111923.html">died</a> on November 19 at age 96.
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Half a year earlier, her family had shared publicly that Rosalynn had been diagnosed with <a href="https://www.cartercenter.org/news/pr/2023/statement-on-rosalynn-carters-health.html">dementia</a>. She began receiving hospice care — i.e., end-of-life comfort care for patients and caregivers — at home in Plains, Georgia, two days before her death and died there peacefully.
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Her husband, former President Jimmy Carter, also opted to receive hospice care nine months ago after multiple medical problems landed him in and out of the hospital. Although his family thought he was in his last days when he made the choice, he has surpassed expectations. “Rosalynn was my equal partner in everything I ever accomplished,” he said in a statement on the day of her death.
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It’s not clear why the couple were in hospice care for such different durations. But in that difference are echoes of a nationwide phenomenon: The way hospice is paid for — and the way eligibility is determined — makes it a good fit for people with terminal illnesses with predictable end-of-life courses, like cancer. But for Americans with dementia, hospice care often becomes available much <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/03/26/medicare-alzheimers-dementia-hospice/">later in the illness than it’s needed</a> — or is <a href="https://agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jgs.17912">offered and then </a><a href="https://agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jgs.17066?casa_token=FrnssiKS8DEAAAAA%3A6yaVQuNpd4vRUKj-NmtLNhJuYTUs-TlfOMPK0moNdr5FGGVs-gq600Xelc7AGHeoOMy5_NMhH874Tw">withdrawn repeatedly</a> over the course of a long decline in health status.
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To be clear, there’s no evidence this was Rosalynn Carter’s experience. But as both Carters’ end-of-life choices <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2023/02/21/jimmy-carters-grace-vulnerability/">have drawn attention to hospice care</a> and the value it can bring, it’s worth looking at who it works for, and who it doesn’t. The truth is that the US’s current hospice model doesn’t serve people with dementia as well as it could. Here’s why, and what could make it better.
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Hospice care focuses on symptom relief and support for dying patients and their families
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Many Americans hear “hospice” and think it’s equivalent to giving up.
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In fact, hospice care is a type of medical care that centers a patient’s goals — and provides support to their caregivers — when they’re nearing the end of life. And <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/28/opinion/jimmy-carter-hospice.html">as Jimmy Carter has so transparently shown us</a>, the shift in care can be surprisingly nourishing.
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In the US, the hospice approach and the mechanism to pay for it are two different things, explained <a href="https://www.nursing.emory.edu/faculty-staff/carolyn-k-clevenger">Carolyn Clevenger</a>, a professor and nurse practitioner who leads a dementia care clinic at Emory Healthcare in Atlanta. “There’s the hospice philosophy,” she said, and “there’s the hospice benefit.” This is what makes hospice care so different from other treatment approaches in the US: It not only prioritizes comfort over cure, but it also switches the patient over to a totally different insurance plan, often called the <a href="https://www.medicare.gov/Pubs/pdf/02154-medicare-hospice-benefits.pdf">hospice benefit</a>. (Medicare, Medicaid, and most private insurance plans have a hospice benefit.) As a result, all the care, supplies, and equipment a hospice organization provides its patients is generally fully paid for by the benefit.
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The approach focuses on providing symptom relief rather than curative treatment. It generally includes a complete package of services to care for both the physical and emotional symptoms that come with nearing the end of life, and it provides support for both the patient and the family. A person in hospice care could get specialized medical equipment, such as a hospital bed, some home care, and in-home nurse visits. They and their families also benefit from social worker services, grief counseling, and spiritual services.
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Hospice care reduces what insurers pay for care at the end of life. People in hospice typically don’t receive much pricey in-hospital care, so even though their insurer pays for a lot of other services, they ultimately save money. A <a href="https://www.norc.org/research/projects/value-of-hospice.html">study</a> published earlier this year by NORC showed that for Medicare beneficiaries who got hospice care in their last year of life, Medicare spending was $3.5 billion less — more than 3 percent lower — than it was among those who didn’t.
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But those cost savings don’t come at the expense of the patient’s well-being. In the same study, patients and families in hospice reported better quality of life and pain control, less physical and emotional distress, and less prolonged grief.
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Lots of patients with longer life expectancies would benefit from hospice care, but can’t get it paid for
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The hospice benefit makes important services available for seriously ill patients and their families. But to qualify for it, a person needs to have a life expectancy of less than six months. Where does that leave people who need the same services, but don’t have as grave a prognosis?
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For people whose serious illness causes them a lot of symptoms and their caregivers a lot of strain, the broader field of palliative care — of which hospice is sort of a subset — can be extremely helpful, even when the life expectancy is relatively long. But in the US, the difference is that while palliative care can prescribe these services, it cannot generally pay for them the way the same services are paid for when they’re provided under hospice care.
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In the US, there’s a stark difference between what regular insurance plans pay for and what hospice pays for. So unless they qualify for hospice, it’s hard for many Americans to get the full benefit of a comfort-oriented approach without breaking the bank. That’s complicated by the fact that <a href="https://kffhealthnews.org/news/most-doctors-unsure-how-to-discuss-end-of-life-care-survey-says/">doctors</a>, <a href="https://bmcpalliatcare.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12904-019-0493-7">patients, and caregivers</a> often have a difficult time approaching conversations about the end of life.
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The result of linking hospice access to a six-month prognosis leads to both overuse and underuse of the benefit, said Clevenger. Overuse comes into play when providers fudge a prognosis to get badly needed services that hospice provides for a patient who might not be terminally ill. Underuse happens among terminally ill people whose end-of-life planning has been delayed.
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By the time they qualify for hospice, people with dementia look very different from people with other terminal illnesses
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The six-month-or-less life expectancy that the hospice benefit hinges on looks different depending on what disease a person has. Broadly, it involves a <a href="https://www.cms.gov/medicare-coverage-database/view/lcd.aspx?lcdid=33393&amp;ver=9&amp;=">combination of medical findings, declining function, and the absence of (or a patient’s refusal of) curative treatment</a>.
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What makes things particularly challenging for people with dementia is that it often progresses at a slower pace than other life-threatening conditions. By the time they get to the point where they qualify for hospice, they are much sicker than with other conditions, and their family is under much more strain than the families of others.
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That means “that person and that family’s experience is going to look very, very different from almost every other person who elects the benefit,” said <a href="https://www.nhpco.org/speaker/rory-farrand/">Rory Farrand</a>, vice president of palliative and advanced medicine at the National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization (NHPCO).
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It’s a little easier to understand if you compare dementia with a condition like cancer. When a person with cancer runs out of curative options (like chemotherapy or radiation), <a href="https://www.vox.com/health-care">health care</a> providers can usually predict how many months they have to live within a reasonable margin of error. In many cases, people with the condition are still relatively functional at the time a provider tells them they have less than half a year to live.
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It’s different for dementia, said Farrand. Dementia symptoms usually progress slowly, and there is no definitive treatment that cures it. According to the federal government’s criteria, to have a life expectancy of six months or less, people with dementia “basically have to be at a very, very, very, very advanced aspect of the illness — meaning that you are bedbound, you’re incontinent of bowel and bladder, a person has very few meaningful words,” said Farrand.
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By that point, a person with dementia has likely been unable to function independently for a long time. Their caregivers — usually, their family — will have been bearing the strain of helping them dress, bathe, eat, and care for themselves for years. Additionally, the person has lost so much of their ability to make decisions that they can’t participate in their care.
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The services hospice provides are often really helpful to people with dementia and their families. In the last month of their lives, people with dementia in hospice care receive what their loved ones feel is <a href="https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2021.01985">better care</a>, and experience less sadness or anxiety, compared with those not enrolled in hospice.
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So while the care patients and families receive once they’re in hospice is helpful, it comes much later than it would need to if it were to really alleviate the immense caregiving burden that often comes with dementia.
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Here’s what would better serve people with dementia and their families
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<a href="https://www.vox.com/congress">Congress</a> created Medicare’s hospice benefit in <a href="https://www.nhpco.org/hospice-care-overview/history-of-hospice/">1982</a>. Since then, medical science has gotten better at preventing or treating a variety of diseases that commonly cause death in older adults, including cancer, heart disease, and lung disease. That means people are living longer — which means more of them are <a href="https://www.prb.org/resources/fact-sheet-u-s-dementia-trends/">getting old enough</a> to get dementia. If current population trends persist, more than <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29669100/">9 million Americans</a> will have dementia by 2030, and 12 million by 2040.
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Those people and their caregivers are going to need a lot of support, said <a href="https://www.hospiceinnovations.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Larry-Bio-NPHI-August-2023.pdf">Larry Atkins</a>, chief policy officer at the National Partnership for Healthcare and Hospice Innovation. Unless people are insured by Medicaid, or have paid for long-term care insurance, they don’t have coverage for long-term care, he said.
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Because it offers such supportive, wraparound care that provides for both the patient and the family, “hospice is the ideal care model,” said Atkins. But its requirement that eligibility hinge on a six-month prognosis means it’s unavailable to many of the people who would most benefit from it — including people with dementia.
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Instead of relying on prognosis, said Atkins, hospice eligibility should depend on how sick a person is, how much help they need with daily activities, and how vulnerable they are to disease or death.
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One way the US could make hospice’s benefits more available to people with dementia is by providing them under an expanded and more generously covered version of palliative care services — what <a href="https://www.nhpco.org/speaker/ben-marcantonio/">Ben Marcantonio</a>, NHPCO’s CEO, calls “community-based palliative care.” In this scenario, people would be able to access all of the good things hospice provides at whatever point their disease becomes burdensome to themselves and their families.
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The <a href="https://www.nhpco.org/nhpco-and-han-welcome-introduction-of-community-based-palliative-care-act-in-congress/">Community-Based Palliative Care Act</a>, a bipartisan bill introduced earlier this year, aims to make more of the services typical of hospice available to people who are still receiving curative treatment.
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It’s worth noting that the US has tried this model, and it works: Several years ago, a handful of sites in the US trialed the <a href="https://www.cms.gov/priorities/innovation/innovation-models/medicare-care-choices">Medicare Care Choices</a> model, which allowed people to get hospice services while also receiving curative treatment, and <a href="https://innovation.cms.gov/data-and-reports/2022/wp-eval-synthesis-21models#page=32">it worked great</a> — there was still <a href="https://hospicenews.com/2022/10/03/cmmi-working-on-payment-models-that-include-palliative-care/">plenty of cost savings</a>, and high family and patient satisfaction.
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Meanwhile, families can do some things to maximize the likelihood that the existing hospice benefit better serves them in the event of life-threatening illness, said Farrand. “Don’t be afraid of having conversations with your loved ones about what their wishes, goals, and values are as it pertains to their illness,” or how they’d want to live their lives if they were diagnosed with a serious illness.
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And if they’re in the midst of a serious illness, they should ask for a palliative care consult, said Marcantonio. People sometimes misunderstand palliative care as “giving up,” said Farrand, but both palliative care and hospice involve “aggressively ensuring that your quality of life is what you want it to be — that you can live the best you can, even while living with a serious illness,” she said.
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“If anything, it’s the absolute opposite of the idea of giving up.”
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<li><strong>Don’t wait: The case for giving sooner rather than later</strong> -
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<span>Should you donate to charity now? Save up to donate later? Put it in your will?</span> | Javier Zarracina/Vox; Getty Images
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If you want to do good this Giving Tuesday, it’s probably a good idea to donate regularly.
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November 28 is <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2018/11/26/18098840/when-is-giving-tuesday">Giving Tuesday</a>, the day for donations and a national conversation about how to give back and do good. Especially in a turbulent year when many of us want to give back, but also want to be cautious with our budgets, here’s one important question: If you want to donate to charity, should you go out and pick an organization today? Or should you wait, save your money, and leave it to charity in your will (or at least donate it down the road)?
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There’s a case for either of these approaches. To some extent, the answer depends on what you think the highest priorities for donation are — and whether you think you’ll be a more informed donor later in your life.
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On the whole, though, <a href="https://blog.givewell.org/2011/12/20/give-now-or-give-later/">close observers</a> of the <a href="https://medium.freecodecamp.org/yearly-donations-and-why-you-should-give-now-not-later-cba890cabfbe">nonprofit world</a> tend to think that donating your money now is likely to achieve more good in the world than saving it up to donate after you die. That’s because donations now can, in some senses, make the donor better at doing good, and because history suggests that many of the best giving opportunities out there aren’t going to be around in 10 years — let alone in 50.
</p>
<h3 id="wQvEam">
It might be best to give when there’s “low-hanging fruit”
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0cX502">
There’s some reason to think that your money will go further if you give it now than if you give it later.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JQ0DEV">
The case here is a little complicated. In a field like global health, we know about lots of interventions that are valuable. As more money pours into supporting an important intervention, it will probably spread widely — especially wherever the conditions are ripe for it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qZqfRG">
For example, an innovation that improves traffic safety will probably first spread in the rich countries that can afford it, so that after a few years, the places lacking it will be ones where it’s complicated to deploy. A new surgery that prevents a health problem will probably first be offered in places with good medical care, to patients whose conditions don’t have added complications. Once those patients have been treated, handling the remaining cases will be <a href="https://www.givewell.org/international/technical/programs/surgery-to-repair-obstetric-fistula#rfmf">more expensive</a>. That means that money given now will go further than money given later, once we’ve already solved the problems that can be solved cheaply.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vwbpfA">
So for any given organization — whether it’s treating <a href="https://www.givewell.org/international/technical/programs/surgery-to-repair-obstetric-fistula#rfmf">fistulas from childbirth</a> or <a href="https://www.givewell.org/charities/Schistosomiasis-Control-Initiative">deworming kids</a> — we might expect donations to be most needed fairly early on, when there are a lot of problems that can be solved easily, and to go further than they will later, when most of the problems that remain are ones that are harder to solve. Donors will have found the “low-hanging fruit” in a cause.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7ZMUTK">
How seriously to take this argument depends on which cause you think is the most promising. In 2018, I asked Julia Wise, who was the<strong> </strong>president of <a href="https://www.givingwhatwecan.org/">Giving What We Can</a> at the <a href="https://www.centreforeffectivealtruism.org/">Centre for Effective Altruism</a> at the time, for advice. “If you want to work on global health and development,” Wise told me, “the best opportunities are now.” There are already lots of organizations providing health services, and the <a href="https://www.vox.com/2014/11/24/7272929/global-poverty-health-crime-literacy-good-news">problems they’re working on are mostly improving</a>, so money now will probably go further than it will in five years.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GTIWK8">
“For causes that we know less about, where our understanding is more in its beginnings,” Wise thinks there’s a case for waiting. In a few years, we might discover a new giving opportunity that’s better than any of the existing ones. On the other hand, “in these areas where the evidence is thin, the right thing to do is fund research. If we’re all waiting for somebody else to fund things so we could find out what works, then we could be waiting for a long time.”
</p>
<h3 id="vH9Exj">
Giving now can allow charities to develop better programs — creating better options sooner
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GrIexC">
Giving What We Can encourages people to give every year — though some participants give to a donor-advised fund, an account that you control and from which you can choose a charity to give to later.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NOKnGR">
Wise pointed out that one of the most important effects your donation has is encouraging a charity that is running programs you believe in, helping them expand those programs and invest more energy there. If you’re strategic about donating to charities that are running trials of promising new programs and learning through their research how to best get results, then your donations can actually change which giving opportunities are available in the future.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uFbP23">
“We’ve been really encouraged to see evidence-based charity growing as people are supporting it with their donations,” Wise said. “We see that as improving the charitable landscape and making it so charities have an incentive to continue conducting and participating in research about their work, so everyone can know the best places to donate.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gf8ZMG">
This incentive effect works much better with living, active, engaged donors. Charities will respond to donations this year by thinking about what work they need to do to still be a good target for donations next year. “If we delay,” Wise said, “we’re not participating in improving the state of knowledge.”
</p>
<h3 id="90mh5V">
Giving now might help you commit to a generous life
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IrIxi1">
“My husband and I have decided to donate now rather than waiting until later,” Wise told me. “Part of that is thinking that works best with our motivation. It makes it a steady part of our life rather than part of the indefinite future.” Telling yourself you’ll donate someday in the distant future isn’t the same as donating every day.
</p>
<aside id="jiCslS">
<div>
</div>
</aside>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="B50j9q">
People who’ve taken Giving What We Can’s <a href="https://www.givingwhatwecan.org/pledge/">pledge</a> often describe the same motivation. “Giving now cultivates your own virtue, and ensures that you’ll continue to live up to your own ideals,” Haseeb Qureshi <a href="https://medium.freecodecamp.org/yearly-donations-and-why-you-should-give-now-not-later-cba890cabfbe">wrote in an essay about this question</a>. “You are not a perfect creature. Even if you intend to do something hard now … you always have to factor in the possibility that you’ll change your mind or regress.” The best way to be someone who will <em>want</em> to give away money in your will, then, is to give money now.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pxo94J">
Wise also thought habits were important, so much so that she recommended people donate a little bit of money even if they’re early in life and building their limited savings. “It can be good to donate on a regular basis so you’re still making decisions about where to give and keeping it a part of your life,” she told me.
</p>
<h3 id="pRQSCQ">
Giving later might help you be a more informed donor
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="on01Rc">
But there are good reasons to consider delaying your donation. Some charities are <a href="https://www.vox.com/2015/12/1/9826838/best-charities-donate-2018-giving">vastly more effective than others</a>. Some highly effective charities are so <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-big-idea/2017/4/24/15377056/big-charities-best-charities-evaluation-nonprofit">flooded with money</a> that they don’t use additional donations to expand their programs — meaning that your money won’t achieve much.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="b40fQu">
That variance in effectiveness is a reason why you might want to give later instead of giving today. If you don’t know much about the opportunities out there, it’s not a good idea to pick a charity haphazardly without a clear understanding of what it will do with your money and why it’s competent to do it. A few thousand dollars to charity can <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2018/10/18/17984040/bednets-tools-fight-mosquitoes-malaria-myths-fishing">save a life</a>. It should be treated as seriously as any other decision that could save a life.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XyGipc">
If you want to commit to giving now, but you don’t feel equipped yet to make an informed choice about where to give, one option is a donor-advised fund. You make the donation now (and take the tax deduction now) but can choose any qualified charity to donate the money to later. Donor-advised funds are one way to set aside the money for charity while giving yourself more time to learn.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="owoSdm">
But this is probably a reason to wait five years, not 40. You’d have to do a lot of ongoing research to keep your will up to date with the giving opportunity you’ve found the most promising — and once you’re doing all of that work and have identified the best giving opportunity out there, it’s probably worth just giving to it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pboG7C">
<em><strong>Update, November 2023: </strong></em><em>This story was originally published in 2020 and has been updated for 2023.</em>
</p>
<h3 id="Qv5UaU">
</h3>
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</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Middle-order should have played with a ‘do or die’ mindset: Wasim Akram on India’’s World Cup final loss</strong> - Wasim Akram attested that the captain was right to move ahead with his attacking approach in the final, as it had given him success throughout the tournament.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Is Hardik Pandya leaving Gujarat Titans for Mumbai Indians ahead of IPL auction?</strong> - Source confirms talks of Pandya going back to Mumbai Indians, two years after his release</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Australian spinner Nathan Lyon mocks ‘’Bazball’’</strong> - “There’s a lot of smoke and mirrors with BazBall,” he said</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pakistan all-rounder Imad Wasim retires from international cricket</strong> - Pakistan all-rounder Imad Wasim has retired from international cricket with immediate effect</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Australia outclass Finland to return to Davis Cup final</strong> - Alex de Miñaur and Alexei Popyrin have put Australia back into the Davis Cup final for a second straight year after winning their singles matches in a 2-0 victory over</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Eight persons convicted in different POCSO cases in two months in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh</strong> - Sentences range from three to 45 years in jail; quick filing of charge-sheets ensured speedy justice for victims and their family members, say officials</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>City residents furious as political parties affix stickers on homes without consent</strong> - The stickers used by political parties to campaign for their candidates has become a menace for the citizens whose boundary walls and gates are defaced by such publicity material</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Three from Odisha arrested in Kolar on the charge of cultivating ganja plants at poultry farm</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Woman hit by moving train in Kottayam</strong> - The body was shifted to the Government Medical College Hospital, Kottayam, for post-mortem examination</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Indian Immunologicals launches measles and rubella vaccine for children</strong> - Developed in partnership with Polyvac Institute of Vietnam, IIL launched Mabella vaccine as part of the 25th celebrations of Human Biologicals Institute</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Kyiv hit by biggest drone attack since war began</strong> - Thousands of homes are without power after Russia bombarded the capital over six hours.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What Geert Wilders’ victory means for Dutch society</strong> - After his Dutch election win. will the anti-Islam populist leader be able to effect any of his ideas?</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Wilders Dutch vote: Centre-right VVD rules out role in cabinet</strong> - The decision by the Dutch VVD leader is a blow for Mr Wilders’ bid to form a majority government.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Giulia Cecchettin’s killing sparks Italian reckoning over femicide</strong> - Nationwide protests against gender violence and in memory of Giulia Cecchettin will take place on Saturday.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mount Etna: Volcano sprays lava into Sicily’s night sky</strong> - Europe’s most active volcano spurts lava near Italy’s city of Catania.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Ars guide to time travel in the movies</strong> - We picked 20 time-travel movies and rated them by scientific logic and entertainment value. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1970934">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Porsche’s third-gen Panamera plug-in hybrid pairs V8 with a big battery</strong> - We also test out the optional—and slightly odd—active ride system. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1986109">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Black Friday 2023: The latest tech deals on Apple, Lenovo, Dyson, Vitamix, and more</strong> - The best savings on tech from laptops to headphones, TVs, Herman Miller chairs, and more. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1979608">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>These newest vacuums from 2023 clean up well, and they’re on sale</strong> - The best vacuums from Dyson, Roborock, and iRobot are on sale for Black Friday - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1986166">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Meet “Amaterasu”: Astronomers detect highest energy cosmic ray since 1991</strong> - The Telescope Array in Utah’s West Desert picked up a rare particle with 244 EeV energy. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1985448">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>On their wedding night, a die-hard golfer makes a confession to his new bride.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Dearest, I love you more than I can say.” He paused. "But I also love golf. And I want you to know that every possible weekend, every vacation, every dollar of disposable income, I will spend on golf, golf memberships, golf vacations, golf clubs.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
I know you knew some of this, but I wanted to make clear, tonight, on our wedding night, what to expect."
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
His wife looked at him. She turned away. She said, "I, too, have a confession. Since we’re sharing our secrets, I must tell you….
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
I’m a hooker."
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Her new husband nodded, smiled, and said, "No problem.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Just keep your head down, follow through on your swing, and keep your forward foot flat on the green….”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/mralex"> /u/mralex </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/183fnjw/on_their_wedding_night_a_diehard_golfer_makes_a/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/183fnjw/on_their_wedding_night_a_diehard_golfer_makes_a/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>One day, a boy comes home from school to find his mom waiting for him.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“I just got a call from your teacher,” says the boy’s mother. “She says that she wants you to learn the difference between a man and a woman. Take off my dress.” So the boy takes off his mother’s dress.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Now, take off my bra.” So he takes off her bra.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Now, take off my panties.” So he takes off her panties.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Now, promise me that you will never wear my clothes to school again.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/wimpykidfan37"> /u/wimpykidfan37 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/18390gs/one_day_a_boy_comes_home_from_school_to_find_his/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/18390gs/one_day_a_boy_comes_home_from_school_to_find_his/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A man to a psychiatrist: “How do you select who should be admitted to your facility?”</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The psychiatrist replies: “We fill a bathtub with water and give the person a spoon, a cup and a bucket. Then we ask that person to empty the bathtub.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The man smiles: “Ah, I understand, if you are sane you would take the bucket.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The Psychiatrist replies: “No, a sane guy pulls the plug. Do you want a room with or without a balcony?”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/lucymops"> /u/lucymops </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/1831zud/a_man_to_a_psychiatrist_how_do_you_select_who/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/1831zud/a_man_to_a_psychiatrist_how_do_you_select_who/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A big bus stops at a roadside eatery.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The passengers flood inside the eatery and as they take their respective seats the driver calls the manager aside and explains, “Look sir, we’re from the mental asylum down the road. I’m taking the inmates for a ride. When they’re done eating they will insist on paying with bottle caps like they do inside. Please humor them and accept their payments. I’ll clear the entire check at the end.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
So, as each passenger finishes eating and pays with bottle caps, the manager solemnly accepts them.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
After they were all seated in the bus, the driver approaches the manager who presents the bill to him.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The driver carefully scans the bill. “Excellent! I’m grateful for your cooperation. You don’t know how hard it is to handle these people. Now, would you have change for a hubcap?”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Boot_Effective"> /u/Boot_Effective </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/183eyum/a_big_bus_stops_at_a_roadside_eatery/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/183eyum/a_big_bus_stops_at_a_roadside_eatery/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Russian prime minister Mishustin comes to Putin and nervously tells him to abolish time zones.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“I fly to another city, call home and everyone is asleep. I woke you up at 4AM but I thought it was only evening. - I call Olaf Scholz to congratulate him on his birthday and he tells me he had it yesterday. - I wish President Xi Jinping a happy New Year, and he says it will be tomorrow.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Indeed” Putin replies “but that’s only minor stuff. Remember when that plane crashed with Prigozhin on board? I called his family to express my condolences, but the plane hadn’t taken off yet!!”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/MudakMudakov"> /u/MudakMudakov </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/18356y8/russian_prime_minister_mishustin_comes_to_putin/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/18356y8/russian_prime_minister_mishustin_comes_to_putin/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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