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<title>26 December, 2022</title>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Reduce Patients Anxiety Undergoing Hemodialysis Using Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique</strong> -
<div>
Introduction: Severe anxiety disorders experienced by patients with chronic kidney failure always increase up to 68.7% in undergoing hemodialysis therapy. Management of patients with kidney failure is basically by doing hemodialysis. One of the psychological measures to reduce the anxiety of patients undergoing hemodialysis is to perform progressive muscle relaxation. Aim: Knowing the effect of progressive muscle relaxation techniques on anxiety in patients undergoing hemodialysis. related to nurses’ knowledge about IPC application with 20 questions. Meanwhile, the implementation of IPC is carried out using a checklist from IPC surveillance conducted by infection prevention control nurse (IPCN). Three hundred thirty-six nurses observations were obtained from this study. Data analysis used descriptive and inferential regression to investigate the characteristics, knowledge, and implementation of IPC. Results: The results showed that almost all nurses in private hospitals had received training related to the application of IPC. Most nurses’ knowledge is good, although all components have not reached maximum values. There are still several IPC components, such as patient placement, environmental, and PPE usage, that still need to be improved. No significant relationship was found between knowledge and the application of IPC in the COVID-19 ward. Conclusion: It is necessary to conduct intensive training that involves observation of essential domains of IPC for both nurses and IPCN. This study had some implications on clinical practice that components of IPC training need to more emphasize on observation skills. Further study is needed to investigate the availability of facilities in the treatment room, organizational support, and internal factors to fully capture the IPC implementation.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/yqz5b/" target="_blank">Reduce Patients Anxiety Undergoing Hemodialysis Using Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Omicron BA.5 infects human brain organoids and is neuroinvasive and lethal in K18-hACE2 mice</strong> -
<div>
A frequently repeated premise is that viruses evolve to become less pathogenic. This appears also to be true for SARS-CoV-2, although the increased level of immunity in human populations makes it difficult to distinguish between reduced intrinsic pathogenicity and increasing protective immunity. The reduced pathogenicity of the omicron BA.1 sub-lineage compared to earlier variants is well described and appears to be due to reduced utilization of TMPRRS2. That this reduced pathogenicity remains true for omicron BA.5 was recently reported. In sharp contrast, we show that a BA.5 isolate was significantly more pathogenic in K18-hACE2 mice than a BA.1 isolate, with BA.5 infection showing increased neurovirulence, encephalitis and mortality, similar to that seen for an original strain isolate. BA.5 also infected human cortical brain organoids to a greater extent than a BA.1 and original strain isolate. Neurons were the target of infection, with increasing evidence of neuron infection in COVID-19 patients. These results argue that while omicron virus may be associated with reduced respiratory symptoms, BA.5 shows increased neurovirulence compared to earlier omicron sub-variants.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.22.521696v1" target="_blank">Omicron BA.5 infects human brain organoids and is neuroinvasive and lethal in K18-hACE2 mice</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Higher medical education and covid vaccination</strong> -
<div>
The Covid-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the world, and we all must work together to ensure our safety. Higher medical education plays a vital role in this effort by providing students with the knowledge and skills needed to help protect their communities through vaccination programs. In this article, we will explore how higher medical education can be used to support effective covid vaccination efforts across the globe. We will also discuss some of the challenges faced when implementing these initiatives and potential solutions for overcoming them.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/x5apd/" target="_blank">Higher medical education and covid vaccination</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Inequality and COVID-19 in Sweden: Relative risks of nine negative life events, along four social gradients, in pandemic vs. pre-pandemic years</strong> -
<div>
The COVID-19 pandemic struck societies directly and indirectly, challenging not just people’s health but many aspects of life. But pandemic burdens fell more heavily on some groups than others. These different consequences of the spreading virus – and the measures to fight them – are reported and analyzed in different scientific fora, with hard-to-compare methods that largely follow disciplinary boundaries. As a result, it is hard to grasp the overall impact of the pandemic on inequality. This paper relies on individual-level, administrative data for Sweden’s entire population to describe how different social groups fared in terms of nine outcomes: three types of COVID-19 incidence, as well as six other negative life events. During 2020, the population faced severe morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 and saw higher all-cause mortality, income losses and unemployment risks, as well as reduced access to medical care. In terms of relative risks, these burdens fell disproportionately on those with low income or education, and on residents born outside of Sweden. In the pandemic, all-cause mortality, unemployment, substantial income loss, poor mental health, and reduced access to health care went up for all groups in Sweden. But relative risks across social groups were strikingly similar to those in pre-pandemic years.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/rjnyd/" target="_blank">Inequality and COVID-19 in Sweden: Relative risks of nine negative life events, along four social gradients, in pandemic vs. pre-pandemic years</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Interaction quality among children, staff and parents in German ECEC centres in the COVID-19 pandemic - Results from a longitudinal study</strong> -
<div>
Early Education and Care (ECEC) centres had implemented a variety of protective and hygiene measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some of these measures temporarily restricted the behaviour of pedagogical staff, children and parents, for example keeping distance from each other or wearing face masks. This may have made it difficult for staff to offer high quality interactions with a positive, sensitive attitude towards children and parents, as would be important for good pedagogical work. Long-term effects of these distance measures on the quality of daily interactions in ECEC centres are largely unexplored. Based on a panel survey among German ECEC centre leaders over a period of one and a half years, we provide a long-term assessment of the impact of specific protective measures on different levels of interactions within ECEC centres, namely on staff-child interactions, interactions of children with each other and the cooperation between staff and parents. We found child-child interaction largely unaffected by the measures, while staff-parent interaction suffered the most. Communication with parents and regular implementation of pedagogical practices have a stabilizing effect, while keeping distance from children, face masks and (pandemic-related) staff shortages worsen staff-child interactions.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/63xm5/" target="_blank">Interaction quality among children, staff and parents in German ECEC centres in the COVID-19 pandemic - Results from a longitudinal study</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Long-term changes in human mobility responses to COVID-19-related information in Japan</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
This study investigates how human mobility has changed in the long term in response to COVID-19-related information in Japan. We use publicly available daily data on each Japanese prefecture from Google on 9human mobility for retail and recreation9 and 9residential spent time9. These can be explained mainly by the number of COVID-19-infected cases, whether a state of emergency was declared, and the vaccination rate. We use the interactive effects model in estimation to control for unobservable human mobility factors that vary over time and have different loadings on a cross-sectional unit. The results show that Japanese citizens were generally fearful of an unknown virus in the first wave; however, they gradually habituated themselves to similar infection information in the subsequent waves. Nevertheless, the level of habituation decreased in view of information regarding new variants that were different from the previous ones. Furthermore, citizens showed heterogeneous responses between the increasing and decreasing phases of infection. Besides, we confirm the spatial interactions of infection information. We also find that vaccination promotion motivated people to venture out of their residences. When considering policy implementation during the pandemic, it is essential to consider information dissemination given: people9s habituation, timing, and effective vaccination promotion.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.15.22278703v2" target="_blank">Long-term changes in human mobility responses to COVID-19-related information in Japan</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Epidemiological Risk in Italy Increases During the Cold Season and Heatwaves: Considerations for Health Policies During COVID-19 and Future Crises.</strong> -
<div>
Objectives. This paper aims to investigate the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and historical seasonal and environmental mortality factors to assess its real impact on public health in Italy. Study design. The study is longitudinal retrospective. Methods. The relationship between the number of deaths in the period 2015-2019 and the average monthly temperatures was investigated. The excess deaths and confirmed deaths from COVID-19 in 2020, 2021, and 2022 were examined to estimate the impact of the COVID-19 crisis and its relationships with temperatures. Parametric and non-parametric tests were used for the scope based on the distributive nature of the data. Effect size and statistical surprise (measured by S-values) were evaluated separately. Results. Cold months lead to a considerable and surprising increase in epidemiological risk and mortality in Italy from 2015 to 2019 (+45,000 annual deaths, SD = 4,700, S = 21). COVID-19 crisis has further aggravated this scenario during 2020 (+115,000) and 2021 (+63,000, S &gt; 52). Mortality was boosted by low average minimum temperatures, although the death curve rose moderately during the four warmest months (Spearman r = -0.75, 95% CI = [-0.87; -0.56], S = 23). COVID-19 deaths also showed a pronounced seasonality, although the latter was decreasing over time (Spearman r = -0.85, 95% CI = [-0.92; -0.70], S = 20). Monthly excess deaths during COVID-19 were extremely high and surprising (+4,200, IQR = [2,800; 8,000], Wilcoxon signed rank test S = 28) but didn’t show a clear seasonality during 2021 and 2022. Overall COVID-19 mortality was strongly and surprisingly correlated with regional latitude (Spearman r = 0.86, 95% CI = [0.68; 0.94], S = 20). Discrepancies between COVID-19 and excess deaths during 2021 and 2022 suggest seasonal estimation errors and/or unexpected interactions between epidemiological variables, including coinfections (e.g., COVID-19 and seasonal flu), comorbidities, cold-induced risk factors but also reduced risk factors (e.g., due to pandemic-related health countermeasures), summer heat waves, and decreases in the most exposed population. Conclusions. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that: i) the epidemiological risk in Italy is seasonal and geographically dependent since cold seasons and low temperatures lead to higher mortality, ii) COVID-19’s impact on public health is strongly influenced by both environmental/seasonal and virological factors, iii) temperatures’ increase due to climate change is able to create summer mortality peaks. Future research should investigate the interrelation between all these epidemiological variables at the causal level. Keywords. COVID-19, epidemiology, Italy, mortality, public health, risk factors, seasonality, temperature.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/f9x5h/" target="_blank">Epidemiological Risk in Italy Increases During the Cold Season and Heatwaves: Considerations for Health Policies During COVID-19 and Future Crises.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Contact-number-driven virus evolution: a multi-level modeling framework for the evolution of acute or persistent RNA virus infection</strong> -
<div>
Viruses evolve in infected host populations, and host population dynamics affect viral evolution. RNA viruses with a short duration of infection and a high peak viral load, such as and SARS-CoV-2, are maintained in human populations. By contrast, RNA viruses characterized by a long infection duration and a low peak viral load (e.g., borna disease virus) can be maintained in nonhuman populations, and why the persistent viruses evolved has been rarely explored. Here, using a multi-level modeling approach including both individual-level virus infection dynamics and population-scale transmission, we consider virus evolution based on the host environment, specifically, the effect of the contact history of infected hosts. We found that, with a highly dense contact history, viruses with a high virus production rate but low accuracy are likely to be optimal, resulting in a short infectious period with a high peak viral load. In contrast, with a low-density contact history, viral evolution is toward low virus production but high accuracy, resulting in long infection durations with low peak viral load. Our study sheds light on the origin of persistent viruses and why acute viral infections but not persistent virus infection tends to prevail in human society.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.22.521662v1" target="_blank">Contact-number-driven virus evolution: a multi-level modeling framework for the evolution of acute or persistent RNA virus infection</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Evaluation of Covid-19 antigen rapid diagnostic tests for self-testing in Lesotho and Zambia</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background The use of antigen rapid tests (Ag-RDTs) for self-testing is an important element of the COVID-19 control strategy and has been widely supported. However, scale-up of self-testing for COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa is still insufficient and there is limited evidence on the acceptability of self-testing and agreement between Ag-RDT self-testing and Ag-RDT testing by professional users. A joint collaboration (BRCCH-EDCTP COVID-19 Initiative) was established between Lesotho and Zambia to address these gaps in relation to Ag-RDT self-testing and contribute to increasing its use in the region.  Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with qualitative and quantitative data analysis. Firstly, 11 in-depth cognitive interviews (5 in Zambia and 9 in Lesotho) were performed to assess the participants’ understanding of the instructions for use (IFU) for self-testing. In a second step, evaluation of test agreement between Ag-RDT self-testing and Ag-RDT testing by professional user using SD Biosensor STANDARD Q COVID-19 Ag-RDT was performed. In Zambia, usability and acceptability of self-testing were also assessed. Results Cognitive interviews in Lesotho and Zambia showed overall good understanding of IFU. In Zambia, acceptability of self-testing was high, though some participants had difficulties in conducting certain steps in the IFU correctly. Agreement between Ag-RDT self-test and Ag-RDT by professional users in Lesotho (428 participants) and Zambia (1136 participants) was high, 97.6% (404/414, 95% CI: 95.6-99.8) and 99.8% (1116/1118, 95% CI: 99.4-100) respectively. Conclusion Findings from this study support the use of Ag-RDT self-testing within COVID-19 control strategies in sub-Saharan Africa, contributing to increase the testing capacity and access in hard-to reach settings.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.21.22283827v1" target="_blank">Evaluation of Covid-19 antigen rapid diagnostic tests for self-testing in Lesotho and Zambia</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Enhanced neutralization escape to therapeutic monoclonal antibodies by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-lineages</strong> -
<div>
The landscape of SARS-CoV-2 variants dramatically diversified with the simultaneous appearance of multiple sub-variants originating from BA.2, BA.4 and BA.5 Omicron sub-lineages. They harbor a specific set of mutations in the spike that can make them more evasive to therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. In this study, we compared the neutralizing potential of monoclonal antibodies against the Omicron BA.2.75.2, BQ.1, BQ.1.1 and XBB variants, with a pre-Omicron Delta variant as a reference. Sotrovimab retains some activity against BA.2.75.2, BQ.1 and XBB as it did against BA.2/BA.5, but is less active against BQ.1.1. Within the Evusheld/AZD7442 cocktail, Cilgavimab lost all activity against all subvariants studied, resulting in loss of Evusheld activity. Finally, Bebtelovimab, while still active against BA.2.75, also lost all neutralizing activity against BQ.1, BQ.1.1 and XBB variants.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.22.521201v1" target="_blank">Enhanced neutralization escape to therapeutic monoclonal antibodies by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-lineages</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Calculation and meaning of “excess mortality”: A comparison of Covid- and pre-Covid mortality data in 31 Eurostat countries from 1965 to 2021.</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Determining ″excess mortality″ makes it possible to compare the burden of disasters between countries and over time, and thus also to evaluate the success of mitigation measures. However, the debate on Covid-19 has exposed that calculations of excess mortalities vary considerably depending on the method and its specification. Moreover, it is often unclear what exactly is meant by ″excess mortality″. We define excess mortality as the excess over the number of deaths that would have been expected counter-factually, i.e. without the catastrophic event in question. That is, we include all normally occurring flu and heat waves, which are excluded by some authors with the consequence that they almost always record low expected values and correspondingly high excess mortality rates. Based on this definition, we use a very parsimonious calculation method that is easy to understand even for laypersons, namely the linear extrapolation of death figures from previous years to determine the excess mortality during the Covid-19 pandemic. But unlike other literature on this topic, we first evaluated and optimised the specification of our method using a larger historical data set in order to identify and minimise estimation errors and biases. The result shows that the excess mortality rates continuously published by international statistical offices — OECD and Eurostat — are often inflated and would have exhibited considerable excess mortalities in many countries and periods before Covid-19, if this value had already been of public interest at that time. It also reveals that mortality rates already fluctuated strongly in the past and that in a third of the countries studied, individual values from the past exceed the current fluctuations due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Three conclusions can be drawn from this study and its findings: 1) All calculation methods for current figures should first be evaluated against past figures. 2) The definition of excess mortality used should be made explicit. 3) Statistical offices should provide more realistic estimates.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.22.22283850v1" target="_blank">Calculation and meaning of “excess mortality”: A comparison of Covid- and pre-Covid mortality data in 31 Eurostat countries from 1965 to 2021.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Unbiased single cell spatial analysis localises inflammatory clusters of immature neutrophils-CD8 T cells to alveolar progenitor cells in fatal COVID-19 lungs</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Single cell spatial interrogation of the immune-structural interactions in COVID -19 lungs is challenging, mainly because of the marked cellular infiltrate and architecturally distorted microstructure. To address this, we developed a suite of mathematical tools to search for statistically significant co-locations amongst immune and structural cells identified using 37-plex imaging mass cytometry. This unbiased method revealed a cellular map interleaved with an inflammatory network of immature neutrophils, cytotoxic CD8 T cells, megakaryocytes and monocytes co-located with regenerating alveolar progenitors and endothelium. Of note, a highly active cluster of immature neutrophils and cytotoxic CD8 T cells, was found spatially linked with alveolar progenitor cells, and temporally with the diffuse alveolar damage stage. These findings provide new insights into how immune cells interact in the lungs of severe COVID-19 disease. We provide our pipeline [Spatial Omics Oxford Pipeline (SpOOx)] and visual-analytical tool, Multi-Dimensional Viewer (MDV) software, as a resource for spatial analysis.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.21.22283654v1" target="_blank">Unbiased single cell spatial analysis localises inflammatory clusters of immature neutrophils-CD8 T cells to alveolar progenitor cells in fatal COVID-19 lungs</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>How to Run Behavioural Experiments Online: Best Practice Suggestions for Cognitive Psychology and Neuroscience</strong> -
<div>
The combination of a replication crisis, global COVID-19 pandemic, and recent technological advances have accelerated the on-going transition of research in cognitive psychology and neuroscience to the online realm. When participants cannot be tested in-person, data of acceptable quality can still be collected online. While online research offers many advantages, numerous pitfalls may hinder researchers in addressing their questions appropriately, potentially resulting in unusable data and misleading conclusions. Here, we present a cost-benefit analysis of conducting online studies in cognitive psychology and neuroscience, coupled with detailed best practice suggestions that span the range from initial study design to the final interpretation of data. These suggestions offer a critical look at issues regarding recruitment of typical and (sub)clinical samples, their comparison, and the importance of context- dependency in each part of a study. We illustrate our suggestions by means of a recent online experiment investigating cognitive working memory skills in adults with the learning disorder dyslexia.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/nt67j/" target="_blank">How to Run Behavioural Experiments Online: Best Practice Suggestions for Cognitive Psychology and Neuroscience</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Implications OF ORAL Health Policy consequent Covid19</strong> -
<div>
COVID 19 virus rearrange the priorities of the global society regarding oral health to systemic health . Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology (OHPE) is the connection of dentistry, medicine, and public health which increase the perspective and impact of global and community health practice and policy through education, research, and leadership. Dental faculties and students, with community stakeholders and oral health professionals, drive collaborative, interdisciplinary, and innovative approaches to achieve oral health equity and wellbeing for all. Global vision for oral health policy is fully integrated in general health and based on primary health care, with emphasis on promotion on oral health and prevention of oral disease . This policy is a framework contribute to a program strategy of public health to guarantee the access to fundamental rights .
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/9upf2/" target="_blank">Implications OF ORAL Health Policy consequent Covid19</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Monkeypox Post COVID19: Knowledge, Worrying, and Vaccine Adoption of the Arabic General Population</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Abstract: Background: The outbreak of monkeypox was designated a global public health emergency by the World Health Organization on July 23, 2022. There have been more reported 60000 cases worldwide, most of which are in places where monkeypox has never been seen due to the travel of people who have the virus. This research aims to evaluate the Arabic general population on monkeypox disease, fears, and vaccine adoption after the WHO proclaimed a monkeypox epidemic and to compare these attitudes to those of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in some Arabic countries (Syria, Egypt, Qatar, Yemen, Jordan, Sudan, Algeria, and Iraq) between August 18 and September 7, 2022 to examine the Arabic people perspectives on monkeypox disease, fears, and vaccine adoption and to compare these attitudes to those of the COVID-19 pandemic. The inclusion criteria were the general public residing in Arabic nations and older than 18. This questionnaire has 32 questions separated into three sections: sociodemographic variables, prior COVID-19 exposure, and COVID-19 vaccination history. The second portion assesses knowledge and anxieties about monkeypox, while the third section includes the generalized anxiety disorder (GAD7) scale. Logistic regression analysis were performed to compute the adjusted odds ratios (aOR), and their confidence intervals (95%CI) using STATA (version 17.0) Results: A total of 3665 respondents from 17 Arabic countries were involved in this study. Almost two third (n= 2427, 66.2%) of participants expressed more worried about COVID -19 than monkeypox diseases. Regarding the major cause for concern about monkeypox, 39.5% of participants attributed their anxiety they or a member of their family may contract the illness, while 38.4% were concerned about another worldwide pandemic of monkeypox. According to the GAD 7 score, 71.7% of respondents showed very low anxiety toward monkeypox. 43.8% of the participants scored poor levels of knowledge about monkeypox disease. Participants with previous COVID-19 infection showed greater acceptance to receive the monkeypox vaccine 1.206 times than those with no previous infection. A higher concern for the monkeypox than COVID-19 was shown by the participants who perceived monkeypox as dangerous and virulent 3.097 times than those who didn’t. Participants who have a chronic disease (aOR: 1.32; 95%CI: 1.09-1.60); participants worried about monkeypox (aOR: 1.21; 95%CI: 1.04-1.40); and perceived monkeypox as a dangerous and virulent disease (aOR: 2.25; 95%CI: 1.92-2.65); and excellent knowledge level (aOR: 2.28; 95%CI: 1.79-2.90) have emerged as significant predictors. Conclusion: Our study reported that three fourth of the participants were more concerned about COVID-19 than monkeypox disease. As well, most of the participants have inadequate levels of knowledge regarding monkeypox disease. Hence immediate action should be taken to address this problem. Consequently, it is crucial to learn about monkeypox and spread information about its prevention.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.20.22283750v1" target="_blank">Monkeypox Post COVID19: Knowledge, Worrying, and Vaccine Adoption of the Arabic General Population</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study for Immunocompromised Patients for Pre Exposure Prophylaxis of COVID-19 With AZD5156.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID 19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Placebo;   Biological: AZD5156;   Biological: AZD7442 (EVUSHELD™)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   AstraZeneca<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>101-PGC-005 for the Treatment of COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: 101-PGC-005;   Drug: Dexamethasone<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   101 Therapeutics<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Clinical Study to Assess Preliminary Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of HH-120 Nasal Spray in COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: HH-120 Nasal Spray<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Beijing Ditan Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Booster Study in Healthy Adults in Australia</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Bivalent Moderna;   Biological: Novavax<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Murdoch Childrens Research Institute;   Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations;   The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effect of N-Acetylcysteine on Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio And Length of Stay In COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: N-acetyl cysteine<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Universitas Sebelas Maret<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Baldachin: Ceiling HEPA-filtration to Prevent Nosocomial Transmission of COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Device: Baldachin<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University Hospital Inselspital, Berne<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy and Safety of Ambervin® and Standard Therapy in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Tyrosyl-D-alanyl-glycyl-phenylalanyl-leucyl-arginine succinate intramuscularly;   Drug: Tyrosyl-D-alanyl-glycyl-phenylalanyl-leucyl-arginine succinate inhaled;   Drug: Standard of care<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Promomed, LLC<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immunogenicity and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccine in Population Aged 18 Years and Above（Negative Antibody Against COVID-19）</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: One dose group;   Biological: Two doses group;   Biological: Aged 18-59 years;   Biological: Aged 60 years old and above<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Guangzhou Patronus Biotech Co., Ltd.;   Yantai Patronus Biotech Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study of GST-HG171/Ritonavir Compared With Placebo in Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pneumonia<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: GST-HG171/Ritonavir;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Fujian Akeylink Biotechnology Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A PhaseⅡ Study to Evaluate the Safety &amp; Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha/Beta/Delta/Omicron Variants COVID-19 Vaccine</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pandemic<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: SCTV01E;   Biological: Placebo (normal saline)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sinocelltech Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The COPE Study: Pilot Intervention to Improve Symptom Self-management and Coping in Adults With Post COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Post COVID-19 Condition;   Post-COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: 6-Week Self-Management Group<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University of Washington<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ICBT for Psychological Symptoms Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic Remaining After Societal Opening</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Linkoeping University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ARVAC - A New Recombinant Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccine</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Vaccine<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: ARVAC-CG vaccine (recombinant protein vaccine against SARS-CoV-2)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Laboratorio Pablo Cassara S.R.L.;   Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM);   National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, Argentina<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effectiveness of Supportive Psychotherapy Through Internet-Based Teleconsultation on Psychological and Somatic Symptoms, Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio, and Heart Rate Variability in Post Covid-19 Syndrome Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Post-COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: Supportive Psychotherapy<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Indonesia University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Graphene Photothermal Adjuvant Therapy for Mild Corona Virus Disease 2019: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Device: Graphene spectrum light wave therapy room<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Southeast University, China;   Hohhot First Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A novel poly (4-methyl-1-pentene)/polypropylene (PMP/PP) thin film composite (TFC) artificial lung membrane for enhanced gas transport and excellent hemo-compatibility</strong> - Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a technique that provides short-term supports to the heart and lungs. It removes CO(2) from the blood and provides enough oxygen, which is a huge help in the fight against COVID-19. As the key component, the artificial lung membranes have evolved in three generations including silicon, polypropylene and poly (4-methyl-1-pentene). Herein, we for the first time design and fabricate a novel poly (4-methyl-1-pentene)/polypropylene (PMP/PP) thin film composite…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Identification of Human miRNA Biomarkers Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Genome</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 poses a great challenge toward mankind, majorly due to its evolution and frequently occurring variants. On the other hand, in human hosts, microRNA (miRNA) plays a vital role in replication and propagation during a viral infection and can control the biological processes. This may be essential for the progression of viral infection. Moreover, human miRNAs can play a therapeutic role in treatment of different viral diseases by binding to the target sites of the virus genome, thereby…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Dual-Reporter System for Real-Time Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Activity in Live Cells Enables Identification of an Allosteric Inhibition Path</strong> - The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is an ongoing threat to global health, and the continuing emergence of contagious variants highlights the urgent need for additional antiviral therapy to attenuate COVID-19 disease. The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (3CL^(pro)) presents an attractive target for such therapy due to its high sequence conservation and key role in the viral life cycle. In this study, we designed a fluorescent-luminescent cell-based reporter for the detection and quantification of 3CL^(pro)…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Desire to stay shorter time at the shopping mall: insight from protection motivation (PMT), behavioral inhibition system (BIS), reactance, and expectancy theories</strong> - After withdrawing the movement control order (MCO), new variant (Omicron) of COVID-19 returns as an outbreak again. Therefore, consumers are very much informed by various media to be more cautious in visiting shopping malls and spend less time in there. The purpose of this study was to identify the predictors influencing the desire to stay shorter at the shopping mall. This study was conducted in Malaysia, with the application of three psychological theories and one behavioural theory. This is…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Repurposing BCL-2 and Jak 1/2 inhibitors: Cure and treatment of HIV-1 and other viral infections</strong> - B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) family proteins are involved in the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and are key modulators of cellular lifespan, which is dysregulated during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and other viral infections, thereby increasing the lifespan of cells harboring virus, including the latent HIV-1 reservoir. Long-lived cells harboring integrated HIV-1 DNA is a major barrier to eradication. Strategies reducing the lifespan of reservoir cells could significantly impact…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Protective role of engineered extracellular vesicles loaded quercetin nanoparticles as anti-viral therapy against SARS-CoV-2 infection: A prospective review</strong> - Quercetin (QCT) is a naturally occurring phenolic flavonoid compound with inbuilt characteristics of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune protection. Several recent studies have shown that QCT and QCTits nanoparticles have therapeutic potential against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Novel therapeutics also include the implication of extracellular vesicles (EVs) to protect from SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. This article highlighted the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Comparison of ribavirin degradation in the UV/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and UV/PDS systems: Reaction mechanism, operational parameter and toxicity evaluation</strong> - Residues in surface water of ribavirin, which used extensively during the COVID-19 pandemic, have become an emerging issue due to its adverse impact on the environment and human health. UV/H(2)O(2) and UV/peroxydisulfate (PDS) have different degradation effects on ribavirin, and the same operational parameter have different effects on the two processes. In this study, the reaction mechanism and degradation efficiency for ribavirin were studied to compare the differences under UV/H(2)O(2) and…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong><em>In Vitro</em> Screening and MD Simulations of Thiourea Derivatives against SARS-CoV-2 in Association with Multidrug Resistance ABCB1 Transporter</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is considered a global public health concern since it causes high morbidity and mortality. Recently, it has been reported that repurposed anti-COVID-19 drugs might interact with multidrug resistance ABC transporter, particularly ABCB1. In the current study, a series of thiourea derivatives were screened as potential inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 by targeting the attachment of receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike protein with ACE2…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Overview of Drug-Drug Interactions Between Ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir (Paxlovid) and Targeted Therapy and Supportive Care for Lung Cancer</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: The clinical impact of the DDI between lung cancer TKI and ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir vary largely based on the susceptibility of CYP 3A4 inhibition caused by the antiviral. Close monitoring and medication adjustments (i.e., dose changes or alternative COVD-19 therapy) can be employed to overcome DDI to ensure patient safety.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Tripterin liposome relieves severe acute respiratory syndrome as a potent COVID-19 treatment</strong> - For coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), 15-30% of patients are likely to develop COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). There are still few effective and well-understood therapies available. Novel variants and short-lasting immunity are posing challenges to vaccine efficacy, so finding antiviral and antiinflammatory treatments remains crucial. Here, tripterin (TP), a traditional Chinese medicine, was…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Anti-C5a antibody vilobelimab treatment and the effect on biomarkers of inflammation and coagulation in patients with severe COVID-19: a substudy of the  phase 2 PANAMO trial</strong> - We recently reported in the phase 3 PANAMO trial that selectively blocking complement 5a (C5a) with vilobelimab led to improved survival in critically ill COVID-19 patients. C5a is an important contributor to the innate immune system and can also activate the coagulation system. High C5a levels have been reported in severely ill COVID-19 patients and correlate with disease severity and mortality. Previously, we assessed the potential benefit and safety of vilobelimab in severe COVID-19 patients….</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Development of a robust and convenient dual-reporter high-throughput screening assay for SARS-CoV-2 antiviral drug discovery</strong> - Massive efforts on both vaccine development and antiviral research were launched to combat the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We contributed, amongst others, by the development of a high-throughput screening (HTS) antiviral assay against SARS-CoV-2 using a fully automated, high-containment robot system. Here, we describe the development of this novel, convenient and phenotypic dual-reporter virus-cell-based high-content imaging assay using the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Control of SARS-CoV-2 infection by MT1-MMP-mediated shedding of ACE2</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2. The full-length membrane form of ACE2 (memACE2) undergoes ectodomain shedding to generate a shed soluble form (solACE2) that mediates SARS-CoV-2 entry via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Currently, it is not known how the physiological regulation of ACE2 shedding contributes to the etiology of COVID-19 in vivo. The present study…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cyclophilin D-mediated angiotensin II-induced NADPH oxidase 4 activation in endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction that can be rescued by gallic acid</strong> - Vascular endothelial dysfunction plays a central role in the most dreadful human diseases, including stroke, tumor metastasis, and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Strong evidence suggests that angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is essential for endothelial dysfunction pathogenesis. However, the precise molecular mechanisms remain obscure. Here, polymerase-interacting protein 2 (Poldip 2) was found in the endothelial mitochondrial matrix and no effects on Poldip 2…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>An epithelial-immune circuit amplifies inflammasome and IL-6 responses to SARS-CoV-2</strong> - Elevated levels of cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 are associated with severe COVID-19. Investigating the underlying mechanisms, we find that while primary human airway epithelia (HAE) have functional inflammasomes and support SARS-CoV-2 replication, they are not the source of IL-1β released upon infection. In leukocytes, the SARS-CoV-2 E protein upregulates inflammasome gene transcription via TLR2 to prime, but not activate, inflammasomes. SARS-CoV-2-infected HAE supply a second signal, which includes…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Kirk Douglas, the Guitarist for the Roots, Revamps the Holiday Classics</strong> - A bona-fide guitar hero puts a fresh spin on some holiday classics. And the former United States Poet Laureate Tracy K. Smith on reading poetry across the political divide. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/podcast/the-new-yorker-radio-hour/kirk-douglas-the-guitarist-for-the-roots-revamps-the-holiday-classics">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Water Wranglers of the West Are Struggling to Save the Colorado River</strong> - Farmers, bureaucrats, and water negotiators converged on Caesars Palace, in Las Vegas, to fight over the future of the drought-stricken Southwest. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-the-southwest/the-water-wranglers-of-the-west-are-struggling-to-save-the-colorado-river">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Devastating New History of the January 6th Insurrection</strong> - The House report describes both a catastrophe and a way forward. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/american-chronicles/the-devastating-new-history-of-the-january-sixth-insurrection">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Volodymyr Zelensky’s Critical Visit to Washington, D.C.</strong> - The Ukrainian President’s trajectory is often cast as surprising, but what makes him compelling as a political leader is the former comic’s talent for exposing the crux of the matter. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/volodymyr-zelenskys-critical-visit-to-washington-dc">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Murder, a Confession, and a Fight for Clemency</strong> - Trevell Coleman killed a man in 1993. More than a decade later, he turned himself in—has he been punished enough? - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/a-murder-a-confession-and-a-fight-for-clemency">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>The money party is over</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A messy hotel room after a party." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/baOD95PJS61cMcSbxO2R06uHZXE=/119x0:2004x1414/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71793129/GettyImages_75461878.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
You’re sober. Go home. | Getty Images/Chris Clinton
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</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
No one was celebrating in 2022’s economy.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YPbWg3">
If you got into investing in mid-2020 or in 2021 — <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/08/a-large-chunk-of-the-retail-investing-crowd-got-their-start-during-the-pandemic-schwab-survey-shows.html">which many people did</a> — you probably had a <a href="https://www.vox.com/business-and-finance/22421417/stock-market-pandemic-economy">nice time</a>. Stocks soared after the market crashed at the onset of the pandemic. Crypto took off, too. The meme stock craze driven by <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22249458/gamestop-stock-wallstreetbets-reddit-citron">GameStop</a> and AMC was comically profitable for some, at least while the joke lasted. NFTs <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22832438/nft-gamestop-amc-crypto-bubble">were pretty completely made up</a>, but hey, they were worth a lot of money. And <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/08/books/review/money-the-true-story-of-a-made-up-thing-jacob-goldstein.html">isn’t all money just made up</a>, anyway?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="L2v7QI">
The situation certainly felt<em> </em>like a bubble, but it was a fun bubble to be in, <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22870250/nft-beanie-baby-price-guide-bubble-princess-value">as many bubbles are</a>. It can feel like quite the party. It’s less fun when the bubble bursts … which is where we landed in 2022. The line that kept going up suddenly couldn’t stop going down.
</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="a4KD8e">
It has been a rough stretch for the economy overall. For stock market investors, major indexes like the S&amp;P 500, the Dow Jones Industrial Average, and the NASDAQ are all set to end the year in the red. Crypto winter is <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/23158583/crypto-winter-crash-bitcoin-eth-bubble-peter-kafka">most definitely here</a>. The <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/newsletters/archive/2022/11/us-real-estate-housing-market-shortage/671988/">housing market is in trouble</a>, and mortgage rates, which have been low for years, are climbing. Inflation is at a 40-year high, cutting into recent wage gains. The Federal Reserve’s fight against inflation by increasing interest rates is threatening to <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/10/26/23419373/inflation-recession-interest-rates-economy">throw workers out of jobs and push the country into recession</a>. Americans, on the whole, still have hundreds of billions of dollars in excess savings built up during the pandemic, but they’re <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/12/13/23500066/pandemic-savings-inflation-recession">spending that money down</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rqkMaZ">
The Fed’s whole thing is it’s supposed to take the punch bowl away just as the party gets going. There are those who argue it waited too long and <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/fed-interest-rate-hikes-took-punch-bowl-late-david-rosenberg-2022-10#:~:text=The%20Federal%20Reserve%20acted%20too,sure%20thing%2C%20he%20told%20MarketWatch.">everybody got too drunk</a>, or that it’s moving too fast and plenty of people are still stone-cold sober, or that the punch bowl <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/23339531/federal-reserve-inflation-jerome-powell-unemployment-interest-rates">isn’t where the liquor is at all</a>. Whatever the case, it appears the party, for now, is over.
</p>
<h3 id="emjLd9">
It is super easy to feel like a genius in a bull market
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SKCUx5">
The stock market’s run over the past decade or so <a href="https://www.macrotrends.net/2526/sp-500-historical-annual-returns">has generally been pretty good</a>. Though stocks plunged when the pandemic hit, they rebounded quickly — the market got an enormous amount of support from the Fed, and many people <a href="https://www.vox.com/business-and-finance/2020/7/9/21314119/stock-market-day-trading-reddit-dave-portnoy-barstool-robinhood">dipped their toes</a> into day trading for the first time. In some corners, it felt as though investors couldn’t lose. The S&amp;P gained 16 percent in 2020 and 27 percent in 2021. But this year, it’s given a lot of those gains back.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Z0VreU">
That 2022 would be a tough year for stock market investors wasn’t necessarily surprising, given the market’s 2021 gains, explained Sam Stovall, chief investment strategist at investment research firm CFRA Research, in an interview. “Every time the market is up by 20 percent or more, we experienced a decline of at least 5 to 10 percent, the average actually being a correction of 10 and 15 percent. This time, unfortunately, it ended up being a bear market,” he said, meaning a decline of 20 percent. That to-be-expected decline has been exacerbated by some external factors that made it worse. “The Fed did wait too long to start to raise interest rates. We did not see the supply disruption unwind as quickly as many thought it would, and heading into this year, the Russia-Ukraine situation had not [yet] exploded,” Stovall added. Also a factor is <a href="https://www.vox.com/23494270/china-zero-covid-cases-exit-wave-hospitals">China’s continued hard stance on Covid</a>, which has economic implications around the globe.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uNxSeM">
Big tech stocks <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2022/10/29/23429085/big-tech-boom-over-wall-street-stock-meta-amazon-google-alphabet-apple">have come back down to earth</a> after a pretty impressive run. Investor interest in some of the weirder stuff, from meme stocks to cryptocurrencies to NFTs, has declined, and in turn, so have their prices. Across the board, there haven’t been many places for investors to hide — even the <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/investing/bond-advantages/#:~:text=Bonds%20tend%20to%20be%20less,or%20in%20money%20market%20accounts.">normal refuge</a> of the bond market wasn’t safe.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fDnxte">
“This is the first time in decades that both the stock market and the bond market went down simultaneously. It created a lot of disruption for investors this year because really there was no place, not even gold,” said Jack Ablin, chief investment officer and founding partner at Cresset Capital. (The narrative that “bitcoin is a good inflation hedge” seems not to have borne out either.)
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<aside id="0r68t4">
<q>Plenty of people like their Pelotons, but the company was probably never actually worth $50 billion</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="irInvi">
It’s not necessarily a terrible thing that some assets whose prior valuations weren’t entirely justifiable come back to a little more realistic level. Plenty of people like their Pelotons, but the company was <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22895463/peloton-stock-price-bike-cost-production">probably never actually worth $50 billion</a>. And for investors still interested in those assets, lower prices might be an opportunity to buy. “Look, think of stocks and the stock market like any other product. Do you want to buy steak when it’s $18 a pound or do you want to buy that same steak when it’s $10 a pound?” Ablin said. “When the price goes down, it actually turns out to be a better deal.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XvtBBt">
To be sure, there are no guarantees that markets won’t get worse before they get better. The Fed is <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2022/12/14/fed-rate-hike-december/">poised to continue to raise interest rates</a> in 2023, a maneuver not exactly loved by investors. Stovall said he doesn’t see 2023 mirroring 2022 — but it doesn’t necessarily mean we’ve hit bottom yet, either. In October, he asked a group of financial advisers whether they’d heard from their “bell ringer” clients — the people who want to get aggressive when the market tops and sell just as it’s bottoming, to make the wrong move at just the wrong moment. They hadn’t. He told them, “Either you’re doing too good of a job of keeping them in tune and so forth, or we have not really seen the capitulation that we usually see at the end of a bear market.”
</p>
<h3 id="WYpRdr">
It’s inflation’s economy and we just live in it
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="R5LKVQ">
The main economic storyline of 2022 has been inflation. It is high, it is persistent, it is annoying. It has made everything else about the economy <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2022/6/8/23158436/economy-inflation-recession-odds-stock-market">feel really bad</a> even when, by many indications, there’s <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2022/12/2/23486024/economy-inflation-jobs-report-gdp-stock-market-recession">plenty of good going on</a>, too. Wages are up, a lot of jobs are available, and consumers, for much of the year, <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/inflation-consumer-spending-personal-income-october-2022-11669854512">have kept up spending</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eG6HPk">
Still, there is at the very least the risk of some dark clouds on the horizon. <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/15/economy/us-retail-sales-november/index.html">Retail sales fell</a> in the US in November, with declines in areas such as furniture and motor vehicles. Inflation is bad, full stop. The steps the Fed is taking to try to get it under control could lead to more bad, too, and <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/23169673/fed-interest-rate-hike-inflation-recession-stock-market-debt">make everything worse before it gets better</a>. Loan interest rates are getting more expensive. People are <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2022/11/15/household-debt-soars-at-fastest-pace-in-15-years-as-credit-card-use-surges-fed-report-says.html#:~:text=Households%20increased%20debt%20at%20the,to%20the%20New%20York%20Fed.">putting more debt on their credit cards</a>. If the Fed gets its way, workers could end up losing their jobs as the Fed has made clear it is seeking a slowdown in the labor market.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kJnREA">
“Despite the slowdown in growth, the labor market remains extremely tight, with the unemployment rate near a 50-year low, job vacancies still very high, and wage growth elevated,” Fed chair Jerome Powell <a href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/mediacenter/files/FOMCpresconf20221214.pdf">said</a> at a mid-December press conference, noting that the US had added an average of 272,000 jobs per month over the last three months. “Although job vacancies have moved below their highs and the pace of job gains has slowed from earlier in the year, the labor market continues to be out of balance.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IAeavL">
“The medicine has a possibility of being worse than the disease,” said Ira Regmi, program manager for the macroeconomic analysis program at the Roosevelt Institute. They noted this will have a disproportionate impact as well. “Everything that happens in the economy happens at a faster rate and at a larger scale to Black and brown people. They’re the first to get fired, the last to get hired.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZLxTpw">
The economic supports the government handed out during the pandemic are now in the rearview mirror. Stimulus checks and the expanded child tax credit money have been spent. For those out of a job, <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2022/12/6/23495045/unemployment-insurance-jobs-report-recession-layoffs-fed">unemployment insurance</a> is back to how it was before (which is to say: a disaster).
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<aside id="xMd5Sa">
<q>“The medicine has a possibility of being worse than the disease”</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="P8Bezv">
That doesn’t mean the government isn’t doing anything on the economy. Lindsay Owens, executive director of progressive think tank the Groundwork Collective, noted that the <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/7/28/23282217/climate-bill-health-care-drugs-inflation-reduction-act">Inflation Reduction Act</a>, passed in mid-2022, makes important investments in areas such as climate and health care. “There’s a pretty substantial amount of long-term investment that’s just getting started and that we’re going to see over years if not decades,” she said. Still, people aren’t going to feel that with the same immediacy as a check arriving in the mail. “Maybe a caveat is that the sugar high is over,” Owens said. “Allowance is over, but the college fund is flush.”
</p>
<h3 id="a9MbQ7">
The fun is over and it’s not clear if what’s next is fine or a funeral
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Bq5pr3">
There are plenty of reasons to feel better about 2022 than 2021, money-wise. The broad availability of Covid-19 vaccines means the economy in a lot of ways has returned to normal. Many of the supply chain kinks that dogged the 2021 holiday season, for example, have been worked out. The job market has rebounded, and many workers have found an <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2022/12/15/23505303/workers-2022-quits-remote-work-unions">unprecedented level of power and leverage</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4HphFM">
Sure, it sucks if you lost money in the markets this year, but on the whole, the stock market generally goes up over time — really, staring at your 401(k) <a href="https://www.vox.com/even-better/23281067/investment-risk-tolerance-stock-market-volatility-economy">isn’t going to do anything for you right now</a>. It also sucks if you lost money in crypto, which, you know, it’s not so clear on whether that one goes up over time generally or not, especially depending on the coin. A lot of market experts — and crypto people — say these kinds of moments are when some of the investments and companies that were garbage in the first place get washed out, which is overall not the worst thing in the world. They also say it’s good for new investors to learn that prices can go down, even if they’re learning the hard way. I suppose if everybody decides the cartoon jpeg monkeys were probably not actually worth hundreds of thousands of dollars, that is probably fine.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pauHqR">
Falling stock prices, high inflation, and rising interest rates are not fun, but maybe the reason it seems like the party is over isn’t necessarily the current situation. Instead, it might be the overarching uncertainty of what lies ahead. It’s a little hard to feel <em>woohoo </em>about anything when there’s a threat of an economic downturn ahead. Recession fears are looming, which brings the current mood down, regardless of anyone’s individual economic situation.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="X8Sn32">
“2023 could be a really painful year,” Owens said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Gutok7">
Best-case scenario is the Fed engineers a <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/12/15/23508155/federal-reserve-inflation-recession-soft-landing">soft landing</a> and brings inflation under control without throwing the economy into reverse. Worst-case scenario is it pumps the brakes too hard, throwing millions of people out of work and causing turmoil for an undetermined amount of time. Wild cards remain — Russia-Ukraine, China, and Covid, for example. Given what’s happened over the past three years, who could even begin to guess what’s next? Markets are just like people in that respect: clearly anxious about the situation.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wlDRFJ">
The party’s on pause for now, but it’s good to remember that the financial festivities probably aren’t over forever.
</p></li>
<li><strong>9 breakthroughs this year that gave us hope for the future</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/YEpCB5b36QosxNOfQ5WWHYIchZk=/167x0:2834x2000/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71791619/fp19.0.jpg"/>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
From climate to housing, these policy and science wins suggest that 2022 was full of progress.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4Ensu4">
2022 wasn’t as defined by the coronavirus pandemic as 2020 or 2021, but it was still marred by its fallout. <a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/2/23/22948534/russia-ukraine-war-putin-explosions-invasion-explained">War</a>, a <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/11/29/23465254/global-economy-world-slowdown-inflation-pandemic-ukraine">tightening economy</a>, and <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2022/9/10/23344912/queen-elizabeth-ii-death-monarchy-king-charles-britain-united-kingdom">major shifts</a> in the global world order contributed to a sense of continued tough times ahead. Perhaps not coincidentally, a <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2022/12/08/about-four-in-ten-u-s-adults-believe-humanity-is-living-in-the-end-times/">recent poll</a> found that about 4 in 10 Americans believe we’re currently living in the “end times.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="X9bpxF">
That said, 2022 did have its silver linings, those moments where hope for the future shined through. Something we like to do here at Future Perfect is <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/22165564/2020-vaccines-biotech-research-preparedness-silver-linings">reflect back</a> on the wins that might have gotten lost in the (very understandable!) noise. From knocking asteroids out of the sky to becoming one step closer to having cell-cultivated meat on the table, 2022 saw progress in scientific research and policy that could define — and improve — the trajectory of human development for years to come.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uUmwvG">
It’s hard to feel optimistic, especially as the uncertainty of 2023 approaches. But if our capacity for discovery, collaboration, and altruism can prove anything, it’s that progress can be a refreshing source of hope. Here are the nine breakthroughs this year that made us excited about progress. —<em>Izzie Ramirez</em>
</p>
<h3 id="sN7T0j">
<strong>The US was able to slow the spread of mpox virus </strong>
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gTNoPK">
This winter season, Americans are facing an uptick in <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/10/27/23421344/covid-19-flu-rsv-symptoms-vaccines-2022ta/covidview/index.html">covid, flu, and RSV</a>, a “<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/23/health/flu-covid-risk.html">tripledemic</a>,” as some public health experts call it. However, it’s not all bad news: The spread of mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, has slowed in the US.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="41LICc">
Mpox, a flu-like disease that creates painful blisters and rashes, was first confirmed in the US in a <a href="https://www.mass.gov/news/massachusetts-public-health-officials-confirm-case-of-monkeypox">Boston patient</a> in May. Since then, there have been <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/response/2022/us-map.html">20 deaths from the virus and nearly 30,000 cases</a>, according to the <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/response/2022/us-map.html">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a>. At the outbreak’s peak in early August, the daily average in the US was up to <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/response/2022/mpx-trends.html">462 mpox cases</a>. As of now, though, the daily average is just <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/response/2022/mpx-trends.html">five cases</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TlSwyl">
While it took time for the US to <a href="https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/08/04/biden-harris-administration-bolsters-monkeypox-response-hhs-secretary-becerra-declares-public-health-emergency.html">declare</a> mpox a public health emergency — which ramped up vaccine distribution and data-sharing between cities and states — <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/response/2022/vaccines_data.html">over 1.1 million doses</a> of the two-part mpox vaccine have been administered since June. This is despite the fact the distribution<strong> </strong>of pre-existing mpox vaccines <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/15/health/monkeypox-vaccine-distribution.html">were delayed</a> by the need for states to manually request doses from the national stockpile, which was severely depleted <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/01/nyregion/monkeypox-vaccine-jynneos-us.html">due to bureaucratic hold-ups</a> and logistics issues.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tsD5Ab">
The willingness of high-risk individuals to adjust their lifestyle to avoid infection also contributed to the declining rate of infection, as <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/02/us/politics/monkeypox-public-health-emergency.html?partner=slack&amp;smid=sl-share">Noah Weiland reported</a> for the New York Times. In fact, it was LGBTQ+ activists who pushed the Biden administration to declare an emergency declaration. It helped that, unlike Covid, mpox is not an airborne illness and is transmitted via <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/if-sick/transmission.html#:~:text=The%20most%20common%20route%20for,bodily%20fluids%2C%20including%20respiratory%20secretions.">direct contact</a> with an infected individual — making it much easier to curb the spread.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ixUKZQ">
Given the current course of the virus, the Department of Health and Human Services has said it <a href="https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/12/02/statement-from-hhs-secretary-becerra-on-mpox.html">will not renew</a> the state of emergency beyond January 31. America’s efficient handling of the mpox virus provides hope that the spread of other such viruses can be stopped if communities follow guidance from health care professionals and advocate for more resources. <em>—Rachel DuRose</em>
</p>
<h3 id="Px9PXg">
<strong>NASA successfully flew a spacecraft into a targeted asteroid, marking a crucial first step toward a system of planetary defense </strong>
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FI9gRa">
Some 66 million years ago, a giant asteroid <a href="https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/how-an-asteroid-caused-extinction-of-dinosaurs.html">struck the Earth</a>. The impact was so catastrophic that it caused the most recent of <a href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/mass-extinction#:~:text=Cretaceous%2DPaleogene%20extinction%20%2D%2066%20million,all%20nonavian%20dinosaurs%2C%20went%20extinct.">five</a> mass extinction events, wiping out 75 percent of the planet’s species, including the dinosaurs. And if the heavens were to hurl a similar asteroid toward us once again, we wouldn’t have been much better prepared than the dinosaurs. That is, until the evening of September 26.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BnRSCx">
That night, NASA <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2022/9/27/23374653/nasa-asteroids-dart-existential-risk-extinction-planetary-defense-didymos">successfully crashed</a> its Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft into the asteroid moonlet Dimorphos, which orbits a larger asteroid called Didymos, more than 7 million miles away from Earth. The double asteroid posed no threat to our planet, but they were great test subjects to see whether humanity could one day protect itself from a proven existential risk.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cOJoCa">
For the past two decades, NASA has <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/16/opinion/16iht-edschweick.4929643.html">scanned the skies</a> and cataloged near-Earth objects sizable enough to pose a threat to civilization. Thankfully, with<a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/twenty-years-of-tracking-near-earth-objects"> 95 percent</a> of known objects tracked, none appear to be heading our way anytime soon.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IhsrWc">
But seeing them coming is one thing; surviving them is another. DART’s targeted collision demonstrated the first successful deflection technology, moving Dimorphos 1 percent closer to Didymos. An asteroid of truly threatening size would be far harder to deflect, but at least now we know such a planetary defense system is actually possible. <em>—Oshan Jarow</em>
</p>
<h3 id="gRTcsM">
<strong>After decades of prohibition, government-funded psychedelic research is back </strong>
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="A9jc8w">
Psychedelics got a rough start in the US. Early research in the 1950s and ’60s was generally <a href="https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4122&amp;context=clevstlrev">promising</a>, though it existed on a spectrum that included <a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/abs/why-was-early-therapeutic-research-on-psychedelic-drugs-abandoned/59F93D11DE21F420465559BBEB99CC14">overhyped</a> and methodologically <a href="https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/PAHNKE%27S-%22GOOD-FRIDAY-EXPERIMENT%27-A-LONG-TERM-AND-Doblin/5a69d7d4cfa821ed7b681b10cbe96b2e23bdd10d">suspect</a> results. But as psychedelics helped fuel a rising <a href="https://ir.library.louisville.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1072&amp;context=tce">moral panic</a> in the 1960s and the war on drugs escalated, President Richard Nixon ultimately outlawed psychedelics (among other drugs) under the <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5603818/">Controlled Substances Act</a> in 1970, and federal funding for psychedelic research froze.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="heiTgf">
A renaissance in psychedelic research began <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/books/under-review/the-science-of-the-psychedelic-renaissance">in the mid-2000s</a>. But until now, the research was privately funded, limiting both the resources and the momentum to further develop a field that has shown real promise around mental health. Building off a successful<a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;hl=en&amp;user=fWhYUvwAAAAJ&amp;cstart=100&amp;pagesize=100&amp;sortby=pubdate&amp;citation_for_view=fWhYUvwAAAAJ:blknAaTinKkC"> 2014 pilot study</a>, however, the National Institutes of Health<a href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/newsroom/news-releases/johns-hopkins-medicine-receives-first-federal-grant-for-psychedelic-treatment-research-in-50-years"> handed Johns Hopkins Medicine</a> $4 million last October to research whether psilocybin (the active ingredient in psychedelic mushrooms) could help people quit smoking. This was the first federal grant for psychedelic research in over 50 years, and it came from the <a href="https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/what-we-do/impact-nih-research/our-society#:~:text=With%20a%202018%20budget%20of,a%20share%20of%20this%20investment.&amp;text=In%20FY%202017%2C%20NIH%20extramural,billion%20in%20economic%20output%20nationwide.)">largest</a> funder of biomedical research in the world. Getting the government back on board marks a major shift in institutional support.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="s26aic">
This March, President Joe Biden<a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/03/01/fact-sheet-president-biden-to-announce-strategy-to-address-our-national-mental-health-crisis-as-part-of-unity-agenda-in-his-first-state-of-the-union/"> announced</a> initiatives to address the nation’s “mental health crisis,” including boosting system capacity, connecting more Americans to care, and expanding resources (as well as protections from the potential harms of social media) for young people. Psychedelics could add a timely new tool. In addition to efficacy in potentially treating conditions like <a href="https://www.statnews.com/2021/11/09/largest-psilocybin-trial-finds-psychedelic-effective-treating-serious-depression/">depression</a>, <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2795625">addiction</a>, and <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0028390818300753?via%3Dihub">post-traumatic stress disorder</a>, the benefits appear <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41386-022-01361-x">uniquely</a> long-lasting after just a single dose.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2Ez3mC">
States, too, are taking notice: <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/2799268#:~:text=Findings%20Twenty%2Dfive%20states%20have,2021%2C%20and%2036%20in%202022.)">25 states</a> have considered psychedelic policy reform, and Colorado recently joined Oregon as the<a href="https://www.statnews.com/2022/11/10/colorado-vote-legalize-magic-mushrooms/"> second to legalize psychedelics</a> for medicinal purposes. But if the benefits of psychedelics are uniquely potent, so, too, is the need for careful research<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8905125/"> and risk management</a>. Back in the government’s good graces, psychedelic research now has the resources available to do just that. <em>—OJ</em>
</p>
<h3 id="8eiARr">
<strong>From Covid-19 to malaria, it looks like we’re entering a golden age in vaccine development</strong>
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vdWO3G">
Vaccine development is ordinarily a sluggish process. Historically, the time between finding the microbe causing the disease and developing a vaccine has averaged about<a href="https://www.cgdev.org/publication/covid-19-vaccine-development-and-rollout-historical-perspective"> 48 years</a> (excluding smallpox and Covid-19), according to the Center for Global Development. Only about <a href="https://www.nber.org/papers/w27176">39.6</a> percent of privately developed vaccines succeed in clinical trials. The number is even lower — 6.8 percent — for those developed outside of private industry, such as through academic hospitals.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nlpjzp">
Against this backdrop, consider 2020’s Covid-19 vaccines: The period from sequencing the virus to developing a candidate vaccine strain was<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/03/how-moderna-made-its-mrna-covid-vaccine-so-quickly-noubar-afeyan.html"> roughly two days</a>. Within less than a year, the vaccine <a href="https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-takes-key-action-fight-against-covid-19-issuing-emergency-use-authorization-first-covid-19">received</a> emergency use authorization and began reaching the population. Within less than two years, the Food and Drug Administration <a href="https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-covid-19-vaccine">granted</a> full approval. Beyond regulatory miracles, the Covid-19 vaccine put over a decade of research into mRNA technology into practice, heralding<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02913-9"> a new generation of vaccines</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="H8YInG">
But Covid-19 vaccines were only one among a flurry of breakthroughs. Malaria, which <a href="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria#:~:text=It%20is%20preventable%20and%20curable,at%20619%20000%20in%202021.">infected</a> 247 million people in 2021 and killed 619,000, saw a series of positive developments on the vaccine front. After roughly <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/why-did-it-take-35-years-to-get-a-malaria-vaccine-180980151/">60 years of effort</a>, 2021 saw the first malaria vaccine approved by the World Health Organization, offering a<a href="https://www.who.int/news/item/06-10-2021-who-recommends-groundbreaking-malaria-vaccine-for-children-at-risk"> 30 percent reduction</a> in severe malaria. 2022’s improved version of the vaccine is already<a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(22)00442-X/fulltext"> showing promise</a> in clinical trials, reaching 80 percent efficacy after three doses and a booster. While early signs are promising, the vaccine will need to pass further clinical trials before receiving approval.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DOHjFB">
Another multi-decade search, this time for a universal flu vaccine, also found an answer (at least in mice and ferrets). Each year, seasonal flu vaccines are tailored to whichever of the 20 known strains of influenza are predicted to be most prevalent that season. In November, the mRNA technology employed in Covid-19 vaccines was used to<a href="https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.abm0271"> develop a flu vaccine</a> that offers protection against all 20 influenza strains. The vaccine would not replace seasonal flu shots, but it would dampen the severity of cases by increasing baseline levels of immune protection. Despite performing well in animal trials, the vaccine still awaits <a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/researchers-test-mrna-technology-universal-flu-vaccine-2022-11-24/">clinical trials in humans</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5yyhoP">
And finally, the first human trials for a new HIV vaccine successfully produced protective antibodies in<a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.add6502?cookieSet=1"> 97 percent of recipients</a>. The results offer hope that we might curb the spread of HIV, which newly infected<a href="https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet"> an estimated 1.5 million</a> people in 2021.<em> </em>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LuU6KN">
One might hope that catastrophe isn’t a necessary ingredient for progress. But for deadly diseases like Covid-19, malaria, influenza, and HIV, this year offered hope that in the future, prevention may prevail. <em>—OJ</em>
</p>
<h3 id="TJmQ7V">
<strong>The hole in Earth’s ozone layer is shrinking</strong>
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wqHsjO">
The ozone hole is the unnatural, human-caused <a href="https://www.epa.gov/ozone-layer-protection/basic-ozone-layer-science">thinning of the part of the atmosphere that absorbs ultraviolet radiation</a>. When scientists discovered the growing hole in the <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/22686105/future-of-life-ozone-hole-environmental-crisis">1970s</a>, it was predicted that if no action was taken, the entire ozone layer would collapse by 2050, Georgiana Gilgallon, then the <a href="https://futureoflife.org/our-mission/">Future of Life Institute’s</a> director of communications, <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/22686105/future-of-life-ozone-hole-environmental-crisis">told Vox’s Kelsey Piper</a> in 2021. If this happened, <a href="https://www.epa.gov/ozone-layer-protection/health-and-environmental-effects-ozone-layer-depletion">marine ecosystems would be disrupted</a>, and ultraviolet radiation exposure would <a href="https://www.epa.gov/ozone-layer-protection/health-and-environmental-effects-ozone-layer-depletion">cause increasing rates of cancer</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9qsyaR">
But now, thanks to collective global action <a href="https://ozone.unep.org/treaties/montreal-protocol">kicked off by the Montreal Protocol in 1987</a> limiting the use of ozone-harming chemicals, the ozone layer is on track to fully recover by 2060, according to the United Nations Environment Programme.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0D7xAy">
In 2019, Earth’s ozone hole was at its <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/2019-ozone-hole-is-the-smallest-on-record-since-its-discovery">smallest</a> since scientists began monitoring the area in 1982. In the following years, <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2020/large-deep-antarctic-ozone-hole-persisting-into-november">2020</a> and <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2021/2021-antarctic-ozone-hole-13th-largest-will-persist-into-november">2021</a>, the hole expanded, but this year, it shrank once more. As of 2022, the average size of the ozone hole had shrunk to approximately <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/esnt/2022/ozone-hole-continues-shrinking-in-2022-nasa-and-noaa-scientists-say">8.91 million square miles</a>, compared to an average of <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2020/large-deep-antarctic-ozone-hole-persisting-into-november">approximately 9.1 million square miles</a> in 2020.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FcZ06E">
The shrinking ozone hole serves as proof that when international policies are enacted and followed, the future of our planet can be changed for the better.<em> —Rachel DuRose</em>
</p>
<h3 id="yXjoPo">
<strong>The FDA approves a form of cultivated, lab-grown meat</strong>
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DuXJom">
Upside Foods, a Bay Area-based startup,<strong> </strong>gained FDA <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2022/11/17/23462902/lab-grown-meat-upside-fda-approval-usda-cultivated-meat-animal-welfare">approval</a> last month to sell its cultivated chicken to consumers. While it still needs approval from the US Department of Agriculture before it can be sold to consumers, the FDA’s step brings such lab-grown meat one step closer to markets.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kypLyE">
Cultivated meat is slaughter-free — it’s <a href="https://gfi.org/science/the-science-of-cultivated-meat/">grown</a> in a lab from animal cells in bioreactors, rather than harvested from a slaughtered animal. The end product is meat that tastes just like the real thing because, biologically at least, it is the real thing.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ry9pTw">
Once Upside Foods gets its USDA approval, it will <a href="https://upsidefoods.com/upside-foods-chef-crenn/">partner</a> with chef Dominique Crenn to bring cultivated chicken to Atelier Crenn, her acclaimed, three-Michelin-star restaurant in San Francisco. However, for cultivated chicken to make it from Michelin-star restaurants to the plates of everyday people, scalability must be addressed. As reported by <a href="https://thecounter.org/lab-grown-cultivated-meat-cost-at-scale/">Joe Fassler for The Counter</a>, the industry still faces major technological and economic challenges, as well as a need for more public funding if it is ever going to reach price parity with factory-farmed meat. Vox’s Kenny Torrella <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/23378912/meat-animals-beef-cultivated-in-vitro-food-plant-based-animal-welfare-impossible-burger">has reported</a> on whether hybrid meat (a blend of cultivated and plant-based) would be a possible solution to the scale problem.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dcOAls">
The US won’t be the first in the world to get cultivated meat to consumers; <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2020/12/2/22125518/lab-grown-chicken-meat-singapore-bioreactor-approve">Singapore</a> has been selling cultivated meat chicken nuggets since 2020, and Israel is likely not far behind after granting <a href="https://vegconomist.com/cultivated-cell-cultured-biotechnology/cultivated-meat/cultivated-meat-consortium/">$18 million to a cultivated meat consortium</a> earlier this year. The FDA approval of Upside’s chicken comes months after President Biden’s <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2022/09/12/executive-order-on-advancing-biotechnology-and-biomanufacturing-innovation-for-a-sustainable-safe-and-secure-american-bioeconomy/">executive order on biotechnology</a> signaled support of cultivated agricultural technologies.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mPjH1V">
When <a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2022/11/14/1136186819/cultivated-cultured-meat-heathy-climate-change">NPR’s Allison Aubrey</a> tried Upside’s cultivated chicken, she remarked, “It tastes like chicken,” to which Upside CEO Uma Valeti replied, “It is chicken!” Hopefully more people will be able to say the same soon. <em>—Julieta Cardenas</em>
</p>
<h3 id="UH79X8">
<strong>Progress on affordable housing policy</strong>
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DYj4ZV">
In California, as of May, the median price of a single-family home was $898,980, and the required annual income to purchase such a home was $180,000, as journalist Ryan Lillis <a href="https://www.sacbee.com/news/california/article262865873.html">reported for the Sacramento Bee</a>. There were approximately 173,800 unhoused people living in California, according to an <a href="https://calmatters.org/housing/2022/10/california-homeless-crisis-latinos/">October CalMatters analysis of data collected</a> by the US Department of Housing and Urban Development.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9F8k18">
Those two facts are inextricably connected. As Jerusalem Demsas <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2023/01/homelessness-affordable-housing-crisis-democrats-causes/672224/">wrote recently for the Atlantic</a>, a driving factor in homelessness is simply the high price of housing, which in turn is chiefly caused by too few places to live. One way to change that is to make it easier to build new housing or modify existing stock to allow more units.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XVTS2O">
That’s why it was good news that in 2021, to address California’s growing affordability and homelessness crisis, the state government passed the California Housing Opportunity and More Efficiency (HOME) Act. The <a href="https://focus.senate.ca.gov/sb9#news">HOME Act</a>, also called Senate Bill 9, allows homeowners to divide their single-family properties into as many as four individual units, and <a href="https://sacramento.newsreview.com/2022/10/18/can-sb-9-really-help-build-housing-for-all-in-sacramento/">went into effect</a> in 2022.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8bKpbC">
Despite <a href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lifestyle/real-estate/sb9-california-housing-laws-critics-supporters-1235159680/">criticism of the bill</a> on the basis that it lowers surrounding property values, the University of California Berkeley’s Terner Center for Housing Innovation estimated the law could potentially lead to the <a href="https://ternercenter.berkeley.edu/research-and-policy/state-law-local-interpretation-senate-bill-9/">creation of 700,000 new homes</a>. If implemented correctly, the law could serve as a model for other legislators looking to solve their respective states’ housing crises. <em>—RD</em>
</p>
<h3 id="Pjq5x1">
<strong>Guaranteed income pilot programs proliferate across the US </strong>
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kfPHW8">
Once thought of as a pipe dream, guaranteed income programs — which aim to give people “no strings attached” cash in order to mitigate poverty — are gaining more traction in the US. The growth this year includes groups like <a href="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/60ae8e339f75051fd95f792e/t/62d5a9398961f067a837f6de/1658169659317/MGI_Year+In+Review+June+2021-2022_Final+Report.pdf">Mayors for a Guaranteed Income</a>, a coalition of city leaders in favor of cash payments that now has 82 mayors on board across 29 states. The types of programs expanded as well, with nonprofits in Alachua County, Florida, giving <a href="https://www.vox.com/22911023/ubi-guaranteed-income-prison-florida">formerly incarcerated people cash</a>, while in California, unhoused <a href="https://sd15.senate.ca.gov/news/guaranteed-income-homeless-youth-bill-heads-assembly">students in 12th grade</a> may be getting cash assistance to combat the “summer slump” to help them access higher education.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zt4jgo">
These pilot programs will directly help some people in need, while also generating evidence on the benefits of giving people money directly. While opponents <a href="https://www.thecut.com/2021/12/manchin-said-child-tax-credit-will-go-toward-drugs-report.html">have argued</a> that many people would misuse direct cash payments, and that such programs would disincentivize work, those critiques are looking increasingly shaky. Guaranteed income <a href="https://penntoday.upenn.edu/news/guaranteed-income-increases-employment-improves-financial-and-physical-health">increases employment</a>, and people tend to buy what they need, according to the <a href="https://guaranteedincome.us">latest data tracking pilot programs</a> by Stanford, UPenn, and Mayors for a Guaranteed Income.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vm1jMw">
Guaranteed income programs have been especially important <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2022/4/28/23044957/ubi-guaranteed-income-baltimore-new-york-mississippi">for single and low-income parents</a>. While such early efforts haven’t been enough to address the recent spike in child poverty, which <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2022/02/17/child-tax-credit-poverty/?utm_source=Sailthru&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=Future%20Perfect%204-26-22">rose by 41 percent</a> when the expanded child tax credit ended earlier this year, they represent a move in the right direction.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FA2Uaw">
Leading the way toward state policy is California, which intends to give over <a href="https://www.cdss.ca.gov/Portals/9/CalWORKs/GBIP/GINoticeofIntenttoAward-112122.pdf">$25.5 million to seven pilot programs across the state</a>. If successful, it’s entirely possible that other states, and perhaps one day the federal government, will devote more public funds to assist the most vulnerable without fiscal paternalism. Reducing the stress of poverty allows people to create more security for themselves and their families. <em>—JC</em>
</p>
<h3 id="S78UsL">
<strong>The Inflation Reduction Act provided unprecedented funding for climate action</strong>
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="c2LGU8">
Despite its name, the Inflation Reduction Act, which passed in August, is likely the <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/7/28/23281757/whats-in-climate-bill-inflation-reduction-act">most significant piece of legislation</a> to address climate change ever to come out of Congress.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TTr7OY">
The law devotes $369 billion — <a href="https://www.democrats.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/inflation_reduction_act_one_page_summary.pdf">collected from funding sources</a> such as a 15 percent corporate minimum tax rate, prescription drug pricing reform, and IRS tax enforcement — to ambitious policies that range from clean energy tax breaks to manufacturing batteries domestically.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iTB4y5">
Three separate analyses by <a href="https://rhg.com/research/inflation-reduction-act/">Rhodium Group</a>, <a href="https://energyinnovation.org/publication/modeling-the-inflation-reduction-act-using-the-energy-policy-simulator/">Energy Innovation</a>, and <a href="https://repeatproject.org/docs/REPEAT_IRA_Prelminary_Report_2022-08-04.pdf">Princeton University</a> are projecting a 40 percent cut in pollution from 2005 levels by 2030 as a result of IRA spending. The Inflation Reduction Act also created the US’s <a href="https://www.iea.org/policies/16317-inflation-reduction-act-2022-sec-60113-and-sec-50263-on-methane-emissions-reductions">first methane fee</a>, which will charge oil and gas companies a starting rate of $900 per metric ton of methane, a potent greenhouse gas. By 2026, that will increase to $1,500 per metric ton.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5VV0zV">
The Inflation Reduction Act further allocates <a href="https://www.democrats.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/environmental_justice_in_the_inflation_reduction_act.pdf">$60 billion for environmental justice priorities</a>, including several measures to address air pollution, improve quality of life, and provide affordable clean energy to disadvantaged communities. And in a big win for the agricultural sector, <a href="https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2022/8/15/23301352/inflation-reduction-act-farms-climate-wildlife">$20 billion will be used to make farmland more environmentally friendly</a>, as approximately <a href="https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions">11 percent</a> of greenhouse gas emissions in the US come from agriculture. This money will create habitats for pollinators, and aims to make farms more resilient as extreme weather continues to threaten crops.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="l5pDnT">
2022 was the year the US proved that legislation centering climate action <em>can</em> pass — even if it needed to be framed as a measure to fight inflation. Now let’s see where 2023 will take us. <em>—JC</em>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aQH8h9">
</p></li>
<li><strong>Good luck explaining a TikTok ban to young people</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/HVkK75xV-2y8X0x6wBKWNELhIPA=/0x0:5116x3837/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71789446/1450835299.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
The TikTok logo is displayed outside a TikTok office in Culver City, California. | Mario Tama/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Consensus is building in Washington that the most popular social media app among teenagers is a national security risk. How do you explain that to the app’s users?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="D27K0R">
Among the many items tucked away in the $1.7 trillion spending bill Congress is working to pass to fund the government next year is a small victory for enemies of TikTok: Users of government-owned phones and devices will not be allowed to install the video app and must remove it if installed.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mTs4tG">
The move, championed by Missouri Republican Sen. Josh Hawley, is mostly symbolic, my colleague <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2022/12/20/23518973/tiktok-for-you-algorithm-omnibus-bill-ban">Sara Morrison reported</a>, since the app is already banned at a few agencies and departments, and would only apply to employees of the executive branch of government. “It doesn’t ban the app on phones of employees of other branches, like members of Congress or their staff,” she wrote. That means the handful of members of Congress, staffers, and interns who use the app to communicate with constituents or to share a behind-the-scenes look at how the federal legislature works may still be free to do so.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XV0Mn4">
The executive branch ban would be the latest victory for the bipartisan wing of members of Congress who have been critical of the social platform for its Chinese ownership and potential cooperation with the Chinese Communist Party (if it were to ask for user data). Reporting from The <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2022/12/22/23522808/tiktok-journalists-data-accessed-bytedance-internal-audit">Verge</a> and the <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/22/technology/byte-dance-tik-tok-internal-investigation.html">New York Times</a> this year backed up the concerns, finding instances of ByteDance employees having improper access to user data, including journalists. A <a href="https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/emilybakerwhite/tiktok-tapes-us-user-data-china-bytedance-access">BuzzFeed investigation</a> also found that China-based employees of ByteDance accessed “nonpublic data about US TikTok users.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="isu8uL">
At the same time, it foreshadows the challenge America’s (older) political class will have in trying to explain themselves to younger Americans — and future voters — if momentum to crack down on TikTok builds.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9MtOTi">
Both Republicans and Democrats, especially in the Senate, have expressed skepticism that TikTok’s China-based owner ByteDance is, or can remain, independent of the Chinese government, especially if the CCP tries to force the company to share data on its American users or spread propaganda and misinformation specifically to American audiences. Lawmakers like Sens. Mark Warner of Virginia (a Democrat) and Marco Rubio of Florida (a Republican) view that threat as a <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/23453786/tiktok-bytedance-cfius-data-trump-ban">national security risk</a>: Rubio has been vocal in pushing for <a href="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/19273614/20191009_Letter_to_Secretary_Mnuchin_re_TikTok.pdf">bans</a> of the app on government networks and Warner has <a href="https://fcw.com/security/2022/11/warner-calls-tiktok-enormous-threat/380014/">advised parents</a> not to let their kids use the app.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="F0U0Z3">
Much of the concern rests in TikTok’s unique audience: More than <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2022/08/10/teens-social-media-and-technology-2022/">two-thirds of teens</a> in the United States use the app, and young people under 30 <a href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/1337525/us-distribution-leading-social-media-platforms-by-age-group/">make up a plurality</a> of its user base, a larger share than Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, or Reddit. Coincidentally, these people stand to comprise part of the majority of the new American electorate in the coming decade.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="W8gECi">
That makeup also poses a test for American lawmakers and their eventual campaigns: How do you explain to scores of young people who use this app every day why you want to ban their favorite app? Already, TikTok videos and comment sections are filled with debates over just how concerned users should be with a foreign government having information about them. Many conversations end with an agreement that privacy is worth the trade-off for access to the app and offer suggestions on ways to avoid a potential ban.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QVp45B">
“They don’t like other countries collecting our data they just want American companies to collect data for the government,” one comment read on <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@lisaremillard/video/7176775068289371438?is_copy_url=1&amp;is_from_webapp=v1">a reporter’s TikTok video</a> explaining efforts to ban TikTok.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="e1GUVB">
“You should [be concerned] if you look at what china is doing with tiktok,” another conversation starts on a <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@carterpcs/video/7177898090308013358?is_copy_url=1&amp;is_from_webapp=v1">video discussing a ban</a>. “Please tell us what … they’re doing that Google, [YouTube] and Facebook aren’t doing,” another user responds.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Hs08Ao">
On top of persuading younger users, how do you reach a generation of people who already don’t trust government, don’t feel connections to elected representatives, and are <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/23513464/young-voters-gen-z-turnout-midterm-democrats-progressive">deeply misunderstood by the political class</a>, while effectively eliminating one of the biggest avenues for reaching these people where they are?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wmXKXV">
Though a general ban on TikTok in the United States isn’t immediately on the horizon, efforts to scrutinize ByteDance have been accelerating this year, especially at the state level, where more than a dozen states have banned the app on government or public networks. What started as a lone effort by Rubio to have a federal agency investigate ByteDance’s purchase of TikTok’s predecessor Musical.ly has now grown into a concern with bipartisan consensus, with support from lawmakers in both parties, both chambers of Congress, and both the last and current presidential administration.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zD0XGR">
But an obvious problem exists here. TikTok is hugely popular with young people, and the last time a wider ban was floated by Donald Trump in 2020, <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-s-threatened-tiktok-ban-could-motivate-young-users-vote-n1235587">it didn’t go over well</a> with young people, though evidence and skepticism have grown since then. Overall, data privacy concerns that older politicians invoke just <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/aug/05/tiktok-gen-z-millennials-data-privacy-trump-china">don’t seem to worry</a> young people, who are used to being tracked and surveilled. Teens, especially, are uniquely loyal to the app: Nearly 60 percent of teens report using the app <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2022/08/10/teens-social-media-and-technology-2022/">every day</a>, and about one in six use it constantly in a day. Large numbers of teens also say it would be hard for them to give up social media in general.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MIhIRO">
Coming out of a midterm year, plenty of candidates, political organizations, and youth voter outreach groups at the federal and local levels relied on TikTok to reach the millions of young people who use the app. “As long as that’s the game in play, you have to be in the arena,” Colton Hess, the creator of one of those outreach groups (called Tok the Vote) told the <a href="https://apnews.com/article/technology-china-elections-data-privacy-misinformation-79d5400062cf107771148911ee62f5fb">Associated Press in September</a>. TikTok helped his voter registration efforts reach tens of millions, he said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FLVHcc">
TikTok is also supposed to be the next frontier for candidates and campaigns to expand their reach with young people, Jenifer Fernandez Ancona, the vice president and co-founder of the progressive group Way to Win, told me when I talked with her about the lessons the 2022 midterms offered for reaching young voters.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8b9Tmp">
“Young people get their information in very different ways, so it’s important that we actually reach out to those folks at the places where they actually get information,” she said. A handful of politicians are already doing this, but experts on young voters think more of this outreach needs to happen. “Investing in new media platforms, in social influencers on TikTok, who have audiences and want to be able to tell their audience about things, we have to invest in those people and support their work,” Ancona said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pmLW53">
Already in 2020 and 2022, Democrats like Ohio Senate candidate <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@timryanoh/video/7163326228173360430?is_copy_url=1&amp;is_from_webapp=v1&amp;lang=en">Tim Ryan</a>, Sen. <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@ed_markey?lang=en">Ed Markey</a> in Massachusetts, Sen. <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@bernie/video/7164218245736828206?embed_source=121331973%2C120811592%2C120810756%3Bnull%3Bembed_masking&amp;is_copy_url=1&amp;is_from_webapp=v1&amp;refer=embed&amp;referer_url=slate.com%2Fnews-and-politics%2F2022%2F11%2Fpoliticians-tiktok-attempts-gen-z.html&amp;referer_video_id=7156780189106801966">Bernie Sanders</a> in Vermont, and Texas gubernatorial candidate <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@betoorourke?lang=en">Beto O’Rourke</a> used the app to increase their name recognition, talk about congressional politics, and participate in trends popular with young people. Many of them benefited from that recognition at the ballot box, winning strong majorities of voters under 30, the voting group least likely to turn out, to be loyal to political parties, and to trust politicians. How future campaigns, advocacy groups, and government leaders plan to reach these folks without a tool like TikTok remains to be seen.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0MMcSX">
Heading into a year of divided government, stricter regulation and restrictions on TikTok might be one of the few policies that moves forward with bipartisan support. Politicians would be wise to get out in front of young audiences early to explain this.
</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Super Kind, Baba Voss and Imperial Blue impress</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>2022 in review: The year that was</strong> - As the year 2022 draws to an end, let’s take a look at the major developments in the world of politics, business, sports and others.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cricket Australia renames Test Player of the Year award in honour of Shane Warne</strong> - The Shane Warne Men’s Test Player of the Year award will be presented annually at the Australian Cricket Awards.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Morning Digest | ‘Prachanda’ to take oath as Nepal’s Prime Minister today; China, Pakistan may jointly hit out at India sooner or later, says Rahul Gandhi, and more</strong> - Here’s a select list of stories to read before you start your day</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Team India | KL Rahul's approach, sane selection calls are need of the hour</strong> - India don't need to copy England's uber aggressive style of play popularly known as ‘Bazball’ but Rahul and Co. should have taken a leaf out of their book at least while chasing 145 against Bangladesh in the second Test</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Banavara-Huliyar road will be completed in five months: PWD Minister</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ganja plants seized</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>‘Modi, KCR should answer on farmers’ suicides’</strong> - TPCC president Revanth takes to Twitter</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>North India in grip of severe cold wave</strong> - Most parts of northern India today witnessed temperatures in a range between 3 to 7 degrees Celsius said India Meteorological Department</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>BJP says Rahul Gandhi ‘doing drama’ after he visits Vajpayee’s memorial</strong> - The BJP demanded apology from Congress over Gaurav Pandhi’s controversial tweet</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Drone attack on Russian bomber base leaves three dead</strong> - The airbase, used by Russian planes targeting Ukraine, is hit for the second time this month.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Seán Rooney: Arrest made after Irish soldier killed in Lebanon</strong> - Pte Seán Rooney is the first Irish soldier to be killed on UN deployment in Lebanon for 20 years.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: My nights are peaceful at last, after trauma of air raids</strong> - Nika survived the Russian assault on Kharkiv earlier this year, and is now settled in the UK.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Paris shooting: Suspect admits ‘pathological’ hatred of migrants</strong> - The man accused of killing three people tells prosecutors his hatred of foreigners is “pathological”.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Skiers rescued after avalanche in western Austria</strong> - All ten members of a group of skiers caught in snow near a resort have been rescued, police say.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>J. Robert Oppenheimer cleared of “black mark” against his name after 68 years</strong> - Manhattan Project physicist was infamously stripped of his security clearance in 1954. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1905727">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Danish physicists give the gift of world’s smallest Christmas record—in stereo</strong> - “Nanofrazor” cuts tiny single with first 25 seconds of “Rocking Around the Christmas Tree” - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1906644">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The 20 most-read stories on Ars Technica in 2022</strong> - Looking back on 2022’s top topics, including AI, Alexa, James Webb, and more. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1905559">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Meta to pay $725 million to settle Cambridge Analytica lawsuit</strong> - Data harvested by Cambridge Analytica was used for political campaigns. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1906625">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Meta and Alphabet lose dominance over US digital ads market</strong> - Long-held duopoly that rules the $300 billion market is hit by growing competition. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1906620">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What did Texans use for heat before the advent of firewood?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Electricity
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Vic18t"> /u/Vic18t </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zv8mih/what_did_texans_use_for_heat_before_the_advent_of/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zv8mih/what_did_texans_use_for_heat_before_the_advent_of/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>I went to the bookstore and asked the employee, “Do you have any books written by Shakespeare?”</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He said, “Of course. Which one?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
I said, “William.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/porichoygupto"> /u/porichoygupto </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zuxnik/i_went_to_the_bookstore_and_asked_the_employee_do/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zuxnik/i_went_to_the_bookstore_and_asked_the_employee_do/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A lawyer woke up in the hospital after surgery</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He asked, “Why are all the blinds drawn in here?” The nurse answered, “There’s a fire across the street and we didn’t want you to think the operation had been a failure.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/paulfromatlanta"> /u/paulfromatlanta </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zvajag/a_lawyer_woke_up_in_the_hospital_after_surgery/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zvajag/a_lawyer_woke_up_in_the_hospital_after_surgery/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>I’ve just started a new business selling trampolines in Prague</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Getting a lot of orders, but the Czechs keep bouncing.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/TheCommodore44"> /u/TheCommodore44 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zv7rh5/ive_just_started_a_new_business_selling/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zv7rh5/ive_just_started_a_new_business_selling/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How do you annoy a Texan?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Just say your power grid is working!
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/xdeltax97"> /u/xdeltax97 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zv3aoe/how_do_you_annoy_a_texan/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zv3aoe/how_do_you_annoy_a_texan/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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