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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Veil-of-Ignorance Reasoning Mitigates Self-Serving Bias in Resource Allocation During the COVID-19 Crisis</strong> -
<div>
The COVID-19 crisis has forced healthcare professionals to make tragic decisions concerning which patients to save. Furthermore, The COVID-19 crisis has foregrounded the influence of self-serving bias in debates on how to allocate scarce resources. A utilitarian principle favors allocating scarce resources such as ventilators toward younger patients, as this is expected to save more years of life. Some view this as ageist, instead favoring age-neutral principles, such as “first come, first served”. Which approach is fairer? The “veil of ignorance” is a moral reasoning device designed to promote impartial decision-making by reducing decision-makers’ use of potentially biasing information about who will benefit most or least from the available options. Veil-of-ignorance reasoning was originally applied by philosophers and economists to foundational questions concerning the overall organization of society. Here we apply veil-of-ignorance reasoning to the COVID-19 ventilator dilemma, asking participants which policy they would prefer if they did not know whether they are younger or older. Two studies (pre-registered; online samples; Study 1, N=414; Study 2 replication, N=1,276) show that veil-of-ignorance reasoning shifts preferences toward saving younger patients. The effect on older participants is dramatic, reversing their opposition toward favoring the young, thereby eliminating self-serving bias. These findings provide guidance on how to remove self-serving biases to healthcare policymakers and frontline personnel charged with allocating scarce medical resources during times of crisis.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/npm4v/" target="_blank">Veil-of-Ignorance Reasoning Mitigates Self-Serving Bias in Resource Allocation During the COVID-19 Crisis</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Predictive modeling of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 hospitalized patients and its clinical implications.</strong> -
<div>
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<b>Objective:</b> Retrospective study of COVID-19 positive patients treated at NYU Langone Health (NYULH) to identify clinical markers predictive of disease severity to assist in clinical decision triage and provide additional biological insights into disease progression. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Clinical activity of 3740 de-identified patients at NYULH between January and August 2020. Models were trained on clinical data during different parts of their hospital stay to predict three clinical outcomes: deceased, ventilated, or admitted to ICU. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; <b>Results:</b> XGBoost model trained on clinical data from the final 24 hours excelled at predicting mortality (AUC=0.92, specificity=86% and sensitivity=85%). Respiration rate was the most important feature, followed by SpO2 and age 75+. Performance of this model to predict the deceased outcome extended 5 days prior with AUC=0.81, specificity=70%, sensitivity=75%. When only using clinical data from the first 24 hours, AUCs of 0.79, 0.80, and 0.77 were obtained for deceased, ventilated, or ICU admitted, respectively. Although respiration rate and SpO2 levels offered the highest feature importance, other canonical markers including diabetic history, age and temperature offered minimal gain. When lab values were incorporated, prediction of mortality benefited the most from blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Features predictive of morbidity included LDH, calcium, glucose, and C-reactive protein (CRP). &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; <b>Conclusion:</b> Together this work summarizes efforts to systematically examine the importance of a wide range of features across different endpoint outcomes and at different hospitalization time points.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.02.20235879v3" target="_blank">Predictive modeling of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 hospitalized patients and its clinical implications.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>A COmfortably Vented, Indigenously Designed (COVID) Fabric Helmet to curb infection spread in Education, Healthcare and other community settings</strong> -
<div>
Considering the current scenario of Coronavirus outbreak and the post-pandemic situation, the need of protective gear such as facemasks assumes utmost importance, for the common populace, as well as in areas of concern such as community and healthcare settings. Prior reported research shows that although the usage of masks may be helpful in curbing the infection spread, a major issue stems from the lack of adherence of proper steps in wearing/taking off masks. The users touch their face, ears, eyes, nose etc. after taking off the masks, ultimately making themselves more susceptible to infection, and thus reducing the efficacy of the suggested measure of using masks. The current masks are quite inadequate. It covers only the nose and mouth, leaving room for the users to touch their face, ears, nose and eyes, which are all the vulnerable gates for the infection transmission. The masks are uncomfortable and require regular adjustment, there are problems of humidity build-up inside masks, high chances of leakage, problems with breathing, and one even needs to take off the mask for ingesting liquids, food, medicine etc. even if one is in a community setting or in a crowded region. Further, since these masks provide insufficient protection, there is an additional burden on the supply chain requirements for other personal protective gear. To address these limitations of the commercially available masks, we propose the design of a low-cost COmfortably Vented, Indigenously Designed (COVID) fabric helmet. It is designed in such a way that usage of this cheap helmet along with the usually worn cloth is enough to provide complete protection to an individual. The fabric helmet is integrated with many innovative design features that will not only address the concerns of the users, but will be comfortable, cheap and also ease pressure on the requirement for expensive, and already scarce personal protective equipment and thus greatly curtail COVID-19 infection spread in the country. Most importantly, the prosed design will serve as a very effective device in the protection of the pediatric population in the educational institutions as well as in residential and healthcare settings, as situations spring back to normalcy in communities around the globe.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://engrxiv.org/3rdc4/" target="_blank">A COmfortably Vented, Indigenously Designed (COVID) Fabric Helmet to curb infection spread in Education, Healthcare and other community settings</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Development of RNA-based assay for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples</strong> -
<div>
The ongoing spread of pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In the lack of specific drugs or vaccines for SARS-CoV-2, demands rapid diagnosis and management are crucial for controlling the outbreak in the community. Here we report the development of the first rapid-colorimetric assay capable of detecting SARS-CoV-2 in the human nasopharyngeal RNA sample in less than 30 minutes. We utilized a nanomaterial-based optical sensing platform to detect RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene of SARS-CoV-2, where the formation of oligo probe-target hybrid led to salt-induced aggregation and changes in gold-colloid color from pink to blue in the visible range. Accordingly, we found a change in colloid color from pink to blue in assay containing nasopharyngeal RNA sample from the subject with clinically diagnosed COVID-19. The colloid retained pink color when the test includes samples from COVID-19 negative subjects or human papillomavirus (HPV) infected women. The results were validated using nasopharyngeal RNA samples from suspected COVID-19 subjects (n=136). Using RT-PCR as a gold standard, the assay was found to have 85.29% sensitivity and 94.12% specificity. The optimized method has a detection limit as little as 0.5 ng of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Overall, the developed assay rapidly detects SARS-CoV-2 RNA in clinical samples in a cost-effective manner and would be useful in pandemic management by facilitating mass screening.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.30.172833v4" target="_blank">Development of RNA-based assay for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>First-described recently discovered non-toxic vegetal-derived furocoumarin preclinical efficacy against SARS-CoV-2: a promising antiviral herbal drug.</strong> -
<div>
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the aetiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic. ICEP4 purified compound (ICEP4) is a recently discovered furocoumarin-related purified compound coming from roots and seeds of Angelica archangelica (herbal drug). ICEP4-related herbal preparations have been extensively used as active herbal ingredient in traditional medicine treatments in several European countries. Extraction method of patent pending ICEP4 (patent application no. GB2017123.7) has showed previously strong manufacturing robustness, long-lasting stability, and repeated chemical consistency. Here we show that ICEP4 presents a significant in vitro cytoprotective effect in highly virulent-SARS-CoV-2 challenged Vero E6 cellular cultures by using 34.5 and 69 M doses. No dose related ICEP4 toxicity was seen on Vero E6 cells, M0 macrophages, B, CD4+ T and CD8+ T lymphocytes, Natural Killer (NK) and Natural Killer T (NKT) cells. No dose related ICEP4 inflammatory response was observed in M0 macrophages quantified by IL6 and TNF release in cell supernatant. No survival rate decrease was observed neither on 24-hour acute nor 21-days chronic in vivo toxicity studies performed in C. elegans. Therefore, ICEP4 toxicological profile has demonstrated marked differences compared to others vegetal furocoumarins. Successful ICEP4 doses against SARS-CoV-2-challenged cells are within the maximum threshold of toxicity concern (TTC) of furocoumarins as herbal preparation, stated by European Medicines Agency (EMA). Characteristic ICEP4 chemical compounding and its safe TTC let us to assume that an antiviral first-observed natural compound has been discovered. Potential druggability of a new synthetic ICEP4-related compound remains to be elucidated. However, well-established historical use of ICEP4-related compounds as herbal preparations may point towards an already-safe widely extended remedy, which may be ready-to-go for large-scale clinical trials under EMA emergency regulatory pathway. To the best of authors’ knowledge, ICEP4-related herbal drug can be postulated as a promising therapeutic treatment for COVID19.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.04.410340v1" target="_blank">First-described recently discovered non-toxic vegetal-derived furocoumarin preclinical efficacy against SARS-CoV-2: a promising antiviral herbal drug.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Surgery &amp; COVID-19: A rapid scoping review of the impact of COVID-19 on surgical services during public health emergencies</strong> -
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Background: Healthcare systems globally have been challenged by the COVID-19 pandemic, necessitating the reorganization of surgical services to free capacity within healthcare systems. Objectives: To understand how surgical services have been reorganized during and following public health emergencies, and the consequences of these changes for patients, healthcare providers and healthcare systems. Methods: This rapid scoping review searched academic databases and grey literature sources to identify studies examining surgical service delivery during public health emergencies including COVID-19, and the impact on patients, providers and healthcare systems. Recommendations and guidelines were excluded. Screening was completed in partial (title, abstract) or complete (full text) duplicate following pilot reviews of 50 articles to ensure reliable application of eligibility criteria. Results: One hundred and thirty-two studies were included in this review; 111 described reorganization of surgical services, 55 described the consequences of reorganizing surgical services and six reported actions taken to rebuild surgical capacity in public health emergencies. Reorganizations of surgical services were grouped under six domains: case selection/triage, PPE regulations and practice, workforce composition and deployment, outpatient and inpatient patient care, resident and fellow education, and the hospital or clinical environment. Service reorganizations led to large reductions in non-urgent surgical volumes, increases in surgical wait times, and impacted medical training (i.e., reduced case involvement) and patient outcomes (e.g., increases in pain). Strategies for rebuilding surgical capacity were scarce, but focused on the availability of staff, PPE, and patient readiness for surgery as key factors to consider before resuming services. Conclusions: Reorganization of surgical services in response to public health emergencies appears to be context-dependent and has far-reaching consequences that must be better understood in order to optimize future health system responses to public health emergencies.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.03.20243592v1" target="_blank">Surgery &amp;amp; COVID-19: A rapid scoping review of the impact of COVID-19 on surgical services during public health emergencies</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Spatial risk factors for Pillar 1 COVID-19 case counts and mortality in rural eastern England, UK</strong> -
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Understanding is still developing about risk factors for COVID-19 infection or mortality. This is especially true with respect to identifying spatial risk factors and therefore identifying which geographic areas have populations who are at greatest risk of acquiring severe disease. This is a secondary analysis of patient records in a confined area of eastern England, covering persons who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 through end May 2020, including dates of death and residence area. For each residence area (local super output area), we obtained data on air quality, deprivation levels, care home bed capacity, age distribution, rurality, access to employment centres and population density. We considered these covariates as risk factors for excess cases and excess deaths in the 28 days after confirmation of positive covid status relative to the overall case load and death recorded for the study area as a whole. We used the conditional autoregressive Besag-York-Mollie model to investigate the spatial dependency of cases and deaths allowing for a Poisson error structure. Structural equation models were also applied to clarify relationships between predictors and outcomes. Excess case counts or excess deaths were both predicted by the percentage of population age 65 years, care home bed capacity and less rurality: older population and more urban areas saw excess cases. Greater deprivation did not correlate with excess case counts but was significantly linked to higher mortality rates after infection. Neither excess cases nor excess deaths were predicted by population density, travel time to local employment centres or air quality indicators. Only 66% of mortality could be explained by locally high case counts. The results show a clear link between greater deprivation and higher COVID-19 mortality that is separate from wider community prevalence and other spatial risk factors.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.03.20239681v1" target="_blank">Spatial risk factors for Pillar 1 COVID-19 case counts and mortality in rural eastern England, UK</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>How do the public interpret COVID-19 swab test results? Comparing the impact of official information about results and reliability used in the UK, US and New Zealand: a randomised, controlled trial</strong> -
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Objectives: To assess the effects of different official information on public interpretation of a personal COVID-19 PCR (9swab9) test result. Design: A 5x2 factorial, randomised, between-subjects experiment, comparing four wordings of information about the test result and a control arm of no additional information; for both positive and negative test results. Setting: Online experiment using recruitment platform Respondi. Participants: UK participants (n=1,744, after a pilot of n=1,657) collected by quota sampling to be proportional to the UK national population on age and sex. Interventions: Participants were given a hypothetical COVID-19 swab test result for 9John9 who was presented as having a 50% chance of having COVID-19 based on symptoms alone. Participants were randomised to receive either a positive or negative result for 9John9, then randomised again to receive either no more information, or text information on the interpretation of COVID-19 test results copied from the public websites of the UK9s National Health Service, the US9s Centers for Disease Control, New Zealand9s Ministry of Health, or a modified version of the UK9s wording incorporating uncertainty. Information identifying the source of the wording was removed. Main outcome measures: Participants were asked “What is your best guess as to the percent chance that John actually had COVID-19 at the time of his test, given his result?”; questions about their feelings of trustworthiness in the result, their perceptions of the quality of the underlying evidence, and what action they felt 9John9 should take in the light of his result. Results: Of those presented with a positive COVID-19 test result for 9John9, the mean estimate of the probability that he had the virus was 73%; for those presented with a negative result, 38%. There was no main effect of information (wording) on these means. However, those participants given the official information on the UK website, which did not mention any uncertainty around the test result, were significantly more likely to give a categorical (100% or 0%) answer (for positive result, p &lt; .001; negative, p = .006). When asked how much they agreed that 9John9 should self-isolate, those who were told his test was positive agreed to a greater extent (mean 86 on a 0-100 scale), but many of those who were told he had a negative result still agreed (mean 51). There was also an interaction between wording and test result (p &lt; 0.001), with those seeing the New Zealand wording about the uncertainties of the test result significantly more likely to agree that he should continue to self-isolate after a negative test than those who saw the UK wording (p = .01), the experimental wording (p = .02) or no wording at all (p = .003). Participants rated positive test results more trustworthy and higher quality of evidence than negative results. Conclusions: The UK public perceive positive test results for COVID-19 as more reliable and trustworthy than negative results without being given any information about the reliability of the tests. When additionally given the UK9s current official wording about the interpretation of the test results, people became more likely to interpret the results as definitive. The public9s assessment of the face value of both the positive and negative test results was generally conservative. The proportion of participants who felt that a symptomatic individual who tests negative definitely should not self-isolate was highest among those reading the UK wording (17.4%) and lowest among those reading the New Zealand wording (3.8%) and US wording (5.1%). Pre-registration and data repository: pre-registration of pilot at osf.io/8n62f, pre-registration of main experiment at osf.io/7rcj4, data and code in https://osf.io/pvhba/.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.04.20243840v1" target="_blank">How do the public interpret COVID-19 swab test results? Comparing the impact of official information about results and reliability used in the UK, US and New Zealand: a randomised, controlled trial</a>
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<li><strong>A cross-national study of factors associated with perinatal mental health and wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic</strong> -
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Background. Pregnant and postpartum women face unique challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic that may put them at elevated risk of mental health problems. However, few large-scale and no cross-national studies have been conducted to date that investigate modifiable pandemic-related behavioral or cognitive factors that may influence mental health in this vulnerable group. This international study sought to identify and measure the associations between pandemic-related information seeking, worries, and prevention behaviors on perinatal mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods and Findings. An anonymous, online, cross-sectional survey of pregnant and postpartum women was conducted in 64 countries between May 26 2020 and June 13 2020. The survey, available in twelve languages, was hosted on the Pregistry platform for COVID-19 studies (https://corona.pregistry.com), and advertised predominantly in social media channels and online parenting forums. Participants completed measures on demographic characteristics, COVID-19 exposure and worries, media exposure, COVID-19 prevention behaviors, and mental health symptoms including posttraumatic stress symptoms via the IES-6, anxiety/depression via the PHQ-4, and loneliness via the UCLA-3. Of the 6,894 participants, substantial proportions of women scored at or above the cut-offs for elevated posttraumatic stress (2,979 [43%]), anxiety/depression (2,138 [31%], and loneliness (3,691 [53%]). Information seeking from any source (e.g., social media, news, talking to others) five or more times per day was associated with more than twice the odds of elevated posttraumatic stress and anxiety/depression, in adjusted models. A large majority of women (86%) reported being somewhat or very worried about COVID-19. The most commonly reported worries were related to pregnancy and delivery, including family being unable to visit after delivery (59%), the baby contracting COVID-19 (59%), lack of a support person during delivery (55%), and COVID-19 causing changes to the delivery plan (41%). Greater worries related to children (i.e. inadequate childcare, their infection risk) and missing medical appointments were associated with significantly higher odds of posttraumatic stress, anxiety/depression and loneliness. Engaging in hygiene-related COVID-19 prevention behaviors (face mask-wearing, washing hands, disinfecting surfaces) were not related to mental health symptoms or loneliness. Conclusions. Clinically significant posttraumatic stress, anxiety/depression, and loneliness are highly prevalent in pregnant and postpartum women across 64 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Excessive information seeking and worries related to children and medical care are associated with clinically significant symptoms, whereas engaging in hygiene-related preventive measures were not. In addition to screening and monitoring mental health symptoms, reinforcing healthy information seeking, addressing worries about access to medical care and the well-being of their children, and strategies to target loneliness (e.g., online support groups) should be part of intervention efforts for perinatal women. Public and mental health interventions need to explicitly address the impact of COVID-19 on both physical and mental health in perinatal women, as prevention of viral exposure itself does not mitigate the mental health impact of the pandemic.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.03.20243519v1" target="_blank">A cross-national study of factors associated with perinatal mental health and wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic</a>
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<li><strong>Covid-19 Will Reduce US Life Expectancy at Birth by More Than One Year in 2020</strong> -
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On December 3rd, 2020, the cumulative number of U.S. Covid-19 deaths tallied by Johns Hopkins University (JHU) online dashboard reached 275,000, surpassing the number at which life table calculations show Covid-19 mortality will lower the U.S. life expectancy at birth (LEB) for 2020 by one full year. Such an impact on the U.S. LEB is unprecedented since the end of World War II. With additional deaths by the year end, the reduction in 2020 LEB induced by Covid-19 deaths will inexorably exceed one year. Factoring the expected continuation of secular gains against other causes of mortality, the U.S. LEB should still drop by more than a full year between 2019 and 2020. By comparison, the opioid-overdose crisis led to a decline in U.S. LEB averaging .1 year annually, from 78.9 years in 2014 to 78.6 years in 2017. At its peak, the HIV epidemic reduced the U.S. LEB by .3 year in a single year, from 75.8 years in 1992 to 75.5 years in 1993. As of now, the US LEB is expected to fall back to the level it first reached in 2010. In other words, the impact of Covid-19 on U.S. mortality can be expected to cancel a decade of gains against all other causes of mortality combined.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.03.20243717v1" target="_blank">Covid-19 Will Reduce US Life Expectancy at Birth by More Than One Year in 2020</a>
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<li><strong>A holistic approach for suppression of COVID-19 spread in workplaces and universities</strong> -
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As society has moved past the initial phase of the COVID-19 crisis that relied on broad-spectrum shutdowns as a stopgap method, industries and institutions have faced the daunting question of how to return to a stabilized state of activities and more fully reopen the economy. A core problem is how to return people to their workplaces and educational institutions in a manner that is safe, ethical, grounded in science, and takes into account the unique factors and needs of each organization and community. In this paper, we introduce an epidemiological model (the “Community-Workplace” model) that accounts for SARS-CoV-2 transmission within the workplace, within the surrounding community, and between them. We use this multi-group deterministic compartmental model to consider various testing strategies that, together with symptom screening, exposure tracking, and nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPI) such as mask wearing and social distancing, aim to reduce disease spread in the workplace. Our framework is designed to be adaptable to a variety of specific workplace environments to support planning efforts as reopenings continue. Using this model, we consider a number of case studies, including an office workplace, a factory floor, and a university campus. Analysis of these cases illustrates that continuous testing can help a workplace avoid an outbreak by reducing undetected infectiousness even in high-contact environments. We find that a university setting, where individuals spend more time on campus and have a higher contact load, requires more testing to remain safe, compared to a factory or office setting. Under the modeling assumptions, we find that maintaining a prevalence below 3% can be achieved in an office setting by testing its workforce every two weeks, whereas achieving this same goal for a university could require as much as fourfold more testing (i.e., testing the entire campus population twice a week). Our model also simulates the dynamics of reduced spread that result from the introduction of mitigation measures when test results reveal the early stages of a workplace outbreak. We use this to show that a vigilant university that has the ability to quickly react to outbreaks can be justified in implementing testing at the same rate as a lower-risk office workplace. Finally, we quantify the devastating impact that an outbreak in a small-town college could have on the surrounding community, which supports the notion that communities can be better protected by supporting their local places of business in preventing onsite spread of disease.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.03.20243626v1" target="_blank">A holistic approach for suppression of COVID-19 spread in workplaces and universities</a>
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<li><strong>Novel Approach for Monte Carlo Simulation οf the new COVID-19 Spread Dynamics</strong> -
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A Monte Carlo simulation in a novel approach is used for studying the problem of the outbreak and spread dynamics of the new virus COVID-19 pandemic in this work. In particular, our goal was to generate epidemic data based on the natural mechanism of the transmission of this disease assuming random interactions of a large-finite number of individuals in very short distance ranges. In the simulation we also take into account the stochastic character of the individuals in a finite population and given densities of people. On the other hand, we include in the simulation the appropriate statistical distributions for the parameters characterizing this disease. An important outcome of our work, apart of the produced epidemic curves, is the methodology of determination of the effective reproductive number during the main part of the new daily cases of the epidemic. Because this quantity constitutes a fundamental parameter of the SIR-based epidemic models, we also studied how it is affected by small variations of the incubation time and the crucial distance distributions, and furthermore, by the degree of quarantine measures. Moreover, we compare our qualitative results with that of selected real epidemic data from some world wide countries.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.03.20243220v1" target="_blank">Novel Approach for Monte Carlo Simulation οf the new COVID-19 Spread Dynamics</a>
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<li><strong>Vaccine acceptance among college students in South Carolina: Do information sources and trust in information make a difference?</strong> -
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Background: To control the COVID-19 pandemic, governments need to ensure a successful large-scale administration of COVID-19 vaccines when safe and efficacious vaccines become available. Vaccine acceptance could be a critical factor influencing vaccine uptake. Health information has been associated with vaccine acceptance. For college students who are embracing a digital era and being exposed to multimedia, the sources of COVID-19 vaccine information and their trust in these sources may play an important role in shaping their acceptance of vaccine uptake. Methods: In September 2020, we conducted an online survey among 1062 college students in South Carolina to understand their perceptions and attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination. Descriptive analysis and linear regression analysis were used to investigate vaccine information sources among college students and examine how COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was associated with information source and trust level in each source. Results: The top three sources of COVID-19 vaccine information were health agencies (57.7%), mass media (49.5%), and personal social networks (40.5%). About 83.1% of the participants largely or always trusted scientists, 73.9% trusted healthcare providers, and 70.2% trusted health agencies. After controlling for key demographics, vaccine acceptance was positively associated with scientists as information sources but negatively associated with pharmaceutical companies as sources. Higher trust levels in mass media, health agencies, scientists, and pharmaceutical companies was significantly associated with higher COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. However, trust in social media was negatively associated with vaccine acceptance. Discussion: College students use multiple sources to learn about upcoming COVID-19 vaccines including health agencies, personal networks, and social media. The level of trust in these information sources play a critical role in predicting vaccine acceptance. Trust in health authorities and scientists rather than social media is related to higher level vaccine acceptance. Our findings echo the call for restoring trust in government, healthcare system, scientists, and pharmaceutical industries in the COVID-19 era and highlight the urgency to dispel misinformation in social media. Effective strategies are needed to disseminate accurate information about COVID-19 vaccine from health authorities and scientific research to improve vaccine communication to the public and promote COVID-19 vaccine uptake.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.02.20242982v1" target="_blank">Vaccine acceptance among college students in South Carolina: Do information sources and trust in information make a difference?</a>
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<li><strong>Household factors and the risk of severe COVID-like illness early in the US pandemic</strong> -
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<b>Objective:</b> To investigate the role of children in the home and household crowding as risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease. <b>Methods:</b> We used interview data from 6,831 U.S. adults screened for the Communities, Households and SARS/CoV-2 Epidemiology (CHASING) COVID Cohort Study in April 2020. <b>Results:</b> In logistic regression models, the adjusted odds ratio [aOR] of hospitalization due to COVID-19 for having (versus not having) children in the home was 10.5 (95% CI:5.7-19.1) among study participants living in multi-unit dwellings and 2.2 (95% CI:1.2-6.5) among those living in single unit dwellings. Among participants living in multi-unit dwellings, the aOR for COVID-19 hospitalization among participants with more than 4 persons in their household (versus 1 person) was 2.5 (95% CI:1.0- 6.1), and 0.8 (95% CI:0.15-4.1) among those living in single unit dwellings. <b>Conclusion:</b> Early in the US SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, certain household exposures likely increased the risk of both SARS-CoV-2 acquisition and the risk of severe COVID-19 disease.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.03.20243683v1" target="_blank">Household factors and the risk of severe COVID-like illness early in the US pandemic</a>
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<li><strong>Supervised Image Classification Algorithm Using Representative Spatial Texture Features: Application to COVID-19 Diagnosis Using CT Images</strong> -
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Although there is no universal definition for texture, the concept in various forms is nevertheless widely used and a key element of visual perception to analyze images in different fields. The present work9s main idea relies on the assumption that there exist representative samples, which we refer to as references as well, i.e., “good or bad” samples that represent a given dataset investigated in a particular data analysis problem. These representative samples need to be accounted for when designing predictive models with the aim of improving their performance. In particular, based on a selected subset of texture gray-level co-occurrence matrices (GLCMs) from the training cohort, we propose new representative spatial texture features, which we incorporate into a supervised image classification pipeline. The pipeline relies on the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm along with Bayesian optimization and the Wasserstein metric from optimal mass transport (OMT) theory. The selection of the best, ``good and bad," GLCM references is considered for each classification label and performed during the training phase of the SVM classifier using a Bayesian optimizer. We assume that sample fitness is defined based on closeness (in the sense of the Wasserstein metric) and high correlation (Spearman9s rank sense) with other samples in the same class. Moreover, the newly defined spatial texture features consist of the Wasserstein distance between the optimally selected references and the remaining samples. We assessed the performance of the proposed classification pipeline in diagnosing the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from computed tomographic (CT) images.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.03.20243493v1" target="_blank">Supervised Image Classification Algorithm Using Representative Spatial Texture Features: Application to COVID-19 Diagnosis Using CT Images</a>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Convalescent Plasma for Treatment of COVID-19: An Open Randomised Controlled Trial</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma;   Other: Standard of care<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Joakim Dillner;   Karolinska Institutet;   Danderyd Hospital;   Falu Hospital<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ivermectin for Severe COVID-19 Management</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Ivermectin<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University;   NeuTec Pharma<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>IFN-beta 1b and Remdesivir for COVID19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Interferon beta-1b;   Drug: Remdesivir<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   The University of Hong Kong<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 And Geko Evaluation: The CAGE Study</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Device: geko T3<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Lawson Health Research Institute<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Phase Ⅱ Clinical Trial of Recombinant Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) Vaccine (Sf9 Cells)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Low-dose Recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cells) (18-59 years) &amp; Two dose regimen;   Biological: Low-dose Recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cells) (18-59 years) &amp; Three dose regimen;   Biological: High-dose Recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cells) (18-59 years) &amp; Two dose regimen;   Biological: High-dose Recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cells) (18-59 years) &amp; Three dose regimen;   Biological: Low-dose Recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cells) (60-85 years) &amp; Two dose regimen;   Biological: Low-dose Recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cells) (60-85 years) &amp; Three dose regimen;   Biological: High-dose Recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cells) (60-85 years) &amp; Two dose regimen;   Biological: High-dose Recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cells) (60-85 years) &amp; Three dose regimen;   Biological: Low-dose placebo (18-59 years) &amp; Two dose regimen;   Biological: Low-dose placebo (18-59 years) &amp; Three dose regimen;   Biological: High-dose placebo (18-59 years) &amp; Two dose regimen;   Biological: High-dose placebo (18-59 years) &amp; Three dose regimen;   Biological: Low-dose placebo (60-85 years) &amp; Two dose regimen;   Biological: Low-dose placebo (60-85 years) &amp; Three dose regimen;   Biological: High-dose placebo (60-85 years) &amp; Two dose regimen;   Biological: High-dose placebo (60-85 years) &amp; Three dose regimen<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Jiangsu Province Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;   West China Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Resolving Inflammatory Storm in COVID-19 Patients by Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids -</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Omegaven®;   Drug: Sodium chloride<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Karolinska University Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>LYT-100 in Post-acute COVID-19 Respiratory Disease</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: LYT-100;   Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   PureTech;   Clinipace Worldwide;   Novotech (Australia) Pty Limited<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial 4 (ACTT-4)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Baricitinib;   Drug: Dexamethasone;   Other: Placebo;   Drug: Remdesivir<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Vitamin D and Zinc Supplementation for Improving Treatment Outcomes Among COVID-19 Patients in India</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Dietary Supplement: Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol);   Dietary Supplement: Zinc (zinc gluconate);   Dietary Supplement: Zinc (zinc gluconate) &amp; Vitamin D (cholecalciferol);   Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Harvard School of Public Health;   Foundation for Medical Research;   University Health Network, Toronto<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>WHO COVID-19 Solidarity Trial for COVID-19 Treatments</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Remdesivir;   Drug: Acalabrutinib;   Drug: Interferon beta-1a;   Other: Standard of Care<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   The University of The West Indies<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Thrombosis Prevention Trials: Post-hospital Thromboprophylaxis</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Apixaban 2.5 MG;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Thomas Ortel, M.D., Ph.D.;   National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy and Safety of Ovotransferrin in COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Dietary Supplement: Ovotransferrin<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Paolo Giaccone Palermo<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Using Travelan to Boost Immune Response in Vitro to COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: Travelan OTC<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Hadassah Medical Organization<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Single-Arm Safety and Feasibility Study of Defibrotide for the Treatment of Severe COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Defibrotide<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Brigham and Women’s Hospital;   Jazz Pharmaceuticals<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Efficacy and Safety of SCTA01 in Hospitalized Patients With Severe COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: SCTA01;   Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sinocelltech Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>CD147-spike protein is a novel route for SARS-CoV-2 infection to host cells</strong> - In face of the everlasting battle toward COVID-19 and the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2, no specific and effective drugs for treating this disease have been reported until today. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a receptor of SARS-CoV-2, mediates the virus infection by binding to spike protein. Although ACE2 is expressed in the lung, kidney, and intestine, its expressing levels are rather low, especially in the lung. Considering the great infectivity of COVID-19, we speculate that…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Proton pump inhibitor or famotidine use and severe COVID-19 disease: a propensity score-matched territory-wide study</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>MBD2 serves as a viable target against pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting macrophage M2 program</strong> - Despite past extensive studies, the mechanisms underlying pulmonary fibrosis (PF) still remain poorly understood. Herein we demonstrated that lungs originated from different types of PF patients including coronavirus disease 2019, systemic sclerosis associated interstitial lung disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and mice following bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF are characterized by the altered methyl-CpG-binding domain 2 (MBD2) expression in macrophages. Depletion of Mbd2 in macrophages…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Efficacy of Ixekizumab and Antiviral Treatment for Patients with COVID-19: A structured summary of a study protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial</strong> - OBJECTIVES: A severe epidemic of COVID-19 has broken out in China and has become a major global public health event. We focus on the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)-like changes and overactivation of Th17 cells (these produce cytokines) in patients with COVID-19. We aim to explore the safety and efficacy of ixekizumab (an injectable drug for the treatment of autoimmune diseases) to prevent organ injury caused by the immune response to COVID-19. Ixekizumab is a human monoclonal…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evolutionary and structural analysis of SARS-CoV-2 specific evasion of host immunity</strong> - The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading fast worldwide. There is a pressing need to understand how the virus counteracts host innate immune responses. Deleterious clinical manifestations of coronaviruses have been associated with virus-induced direct dysregulation of innate immune responses occurring via viral macrodomains located within nonstructural protein-3 (Nsp3). However, no substantial…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Primidone blocks RIPK1-driven cell death and inflammation</strong> - The receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is a key mediator of regulated cell death and inflammation. Recent studies suggest that RIPK1 inhibition would fundamentally improve the therapy of RIPK1-dependent organ damage in stroke, myocardial infarction, kidney failure, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Additionally, it could ameliorate or prevent multi-organ failure induced by cytokine release in the context of hyperinflammation, as seen in COVID-19 patients….</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Non-Coding RNAs and SARS-Related Coronaviruses</strong> - The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 has caused a major health and economic crisis around the globe. Gaining knowledge about its attributes and interactions with human host cells is crucial. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in the host cells’ innate antiviral immune response. In RNA interference, microRNAs (miRNAs) may bind to complementary sequences of the viral RNA strand, forming an miRNA-induced silencing complex, which destroys the viral RNA, thereby inhibiting viral protein expression….</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Neutralizing Antibody-Conjugated Photothermal Nanoparticle Captures and Inactivates SARS-CoV-2</strong> - The outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in a global pandemic. Despite intensive research including several clinical trials, currently there are no completely safe or effective therapeutics to cure the disease. Here we report a strategy incorporating neutralizing antibodies conjugated on the surface of a photothermal nanoparticle to actively capture and inactivate SARS-CoV-2. The photothermal…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ipomoeassin-F inhibits the in vitro biogenesis of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its host cell membrane receptor</strong> - In order to produce proteins essential for their propagation, many pathogenic human viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 the causative agent of COVID-19 respiratory disease, commandeer host biosynthetic machineries and mechanisms. Three major structural proteins, the spike, envelope and membrane proteins, are amongst several SARS-CoV-2 components synthesised at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of infected human cells prior to the assembly of new viral particles. Hence, the inhibition of membrane protein…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effects of Nitrite and Far-red Light on Coagulation</strong> - Nitric oxide, NO, has been explored as a therapeutic agent to treat thrombosis. In particular, NO has potential in treating mechanical device-associated thrombosis due to its ability to reduce platelet activation and due to the central role of platelet activation and adhesion in device thrombosis. Nitrite is a unique NO donor that reduces platelet activation in that it’s activity requires the presence of red blood cells whereas NO activity of other NO donors is blunted by red blood cells….</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Investigation of beta-lactoglobulin derived bioactive peptides against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): in silico analysis</strong> - The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which started in late 2019 in Wuhan, China spread to the whole world in a short period of time, and thousands of people have died due to this epidemic. Although scientists have been searching for methods to manage SARS-CoV-2, there is no specific medication against COVID-19 as of yet. Two main approaches should be followed in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2; one of which is to…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Anxiety responses to the unfolding COVID-19 crisis: Patterns of change in the experience of prolonged exposure to stressors</strong> - An immense amount of work has investigated how adverse situations affect anxiety using chronic (i.e., average) or episodic conceptualizations. However, less attention has been paid to circumstances that unfold continuously over time, inhibiting theoretical testing and leading to possible erroneous conclusions about how stressors are dynamically appraised across time. Because stressor novelty, predictability, and patterns are central components of appraisal theories, we use the COVID-19 crisis as…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Opposing activities of IFITM proteins in SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> - Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) restrict infections by many viruses, but a subset of IFITMs enhance infections by specific coronaviruses through currently unknown mechanisms. We show that SARS-CoV-2 Spike-pseudotyped virus and genuine SARS-CoV-2 infections are generally restricted by human and mouse IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3, using gain- and loss-of-function approaches. Mechanistically, SARS-CoV-2 restriction occurred independently of IFITM3 S-palmitoylation, indicating a…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Could Artesunate Have a Positive Effect on the Neurological Complications Related to Infection When It Is Used in the Treatment of COVID-19?</strong> - Artesunate is a safe noncytotoxic drug with low side effects which is used in the treatment of chloroquine-resistant malaria. In addition to being an antimalarial drug, artesunate also has immunomodulatory, anticarcinogenic, and antiviral activity. There are in vivo and in vitro studies reporting that artesunate may have a positive effect on the treatment of COVID-19. Artesunate may be effective based on its effect on the anti-inflammatory activity, chloroquine-like endocytosis inhibition…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Research progress in nervous system damage caused by SARS-CoV-2</strong> - The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a major outbreak in the world. SARS-CoV-2 infection can not only involve in the respiratory system, but also cause severe nervous system damage. Studies have shown that SRAS-CoV-2 can invade the nervous system through hematogenous and transneuronal pathways, and may cause nervous system damage in patients with COVID-19 by inhibiting cellular immunity, hypoxemia, inflammation,…</p></li>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>AN EFFICIENT METHODOLOGY TO MANAGE THE ADMISSIONS IN HOSPITALS DURING THE PANDEMICS SUCH AS COVID 19</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Antiinfektive Arzneiform zur Herstellung einer Nasenspülung gegen COVID-19</strong> -</p>
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</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Einzeldosierte, wasserlösliche oder wassermischbare Arzneiform, umfassend mindestens einen antiinfektiven Arzneistoff, zur Herstellung einer Nasenspülung und/oder zur Verwendung in der lokalen Behandlung des menschlichen Nasenraums.</p>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Antiinfektive Arzneiform zur Herstellung einer Nasenspülung gegen COVID-19</strong> -</p>
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</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Einzeldosierte, wasserlösliche oder wassermischbare Arzneiform, umfassend mindestens einen antiinfektiven Arzneistoff, zur Herstellung einer Nasenspülung und/oder zur Verwendung in der lokalen Behandlung des menschlichen Nasenraums.</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A medicine for treating coronavirus-2 infection</strong> - The invention discloses a medicine for treating coronavirus-2 infection. The invention finds that T cells in COVID-19 patients is reduced and depleted finally, indicating that cytokines such as IL-10, IL-6, TNF-a may directly mediate reduction of T cells. Therefore, ICU patients need new treatment measures, and may even high-risk patients with low T cells count require early preventive treatment.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>疫情趋势预测方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质</strong> - 本申请实施例提供了一种疫情趋势预测方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质，应用于医疗科技领域，该电子设备包括处理器和存储器，存储器用于存储计算机程序，计算机程序包括程序指令，处理器被配置用于调用程序指令，执行以下步骤：获取目标地区的疫情序列数据；根据疫情序列数据构建疫情序列数据对应的目标特征矩阵；调用预训练的时间序列模型以根据目标特征矩阵进行疫情趋势预测，得到第一疫情趋势预测结果，第一疫情趋势预测结果包括预测的第二预设日期范围内各日期的新增病例的数量和/或新增死亡的人数。采用本申请，可以结合多维度特征来进行疫情趋势预测，可参考性更高。本申请涉及区块链技术，如可将第一疫情趋势预测结果写入区块链中。</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 예방을 위한 mRNA기반 항원보강제 혼합물 합성 방법</strong> - 본 발명은 SARS-CoV-2(코로나 바이러스) 예방을 위한 mRNA 항원보강제에 관한 것으로 코로나 바이러스에 대한 백신으로서 상기의 항원에 대한 예방을 목적으로 하고 있다. 아이디어에는 보강제에 해당하는 완전프로인트항원보강제(CFA)와 불완전프로인트항원보강제(IFA), 번역과 안정성의 최적화가 된 mRNA, mRNA 운반체, 양이온성 지질 나노입자(lipid nanoparticles)로 구성되며 기존의 백신에 비해 효율성과 안정성의 측면에서 더 향상된 효과를 가지고 있다.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A PRIMER COMBINATION FOR DETECTING 2019NCOV BY LOOP-MEDIATED ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION</strong> - The invention provides a primer combination for detecting 2019nCoV by loop mediated isothermal amplification. The primer combination comprises a forward external primer NCP-F3-2 shown in SEQ ID NO.1, a reverse external primer NCP-B3 2 shown in SEQ ID NO.2, a forward inner primer NCP-FIP-2 shown in SEQ ID NO.3, a reverse inner primer NCP-BIP-2 shown in SEQ ID NO.4 and a loop primer NCP-LB 2 shown in SEQ ID No.5. The method has the advantages of short detection time, high sensitivity and strong specificity for 2019nCoV, and the detection result can be observed by naked eyes, thereby greatly improving the detection efficiency of 2019nCoV.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mittel zur Stärkung der Abwehrkräfte und Erhöhung der Immunität</strong> -</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Mittel zur Stärkung der Abwehrkräfte und Erhöhung der Immunität, insbesondere gegen eine Covid19-Infektion aufgrund des Sars-CoV-2-Virus, mit folgender Wirkstoffkombination:</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Plasma oder Serum, gewonnen aus dem Blut eines an Covid19 erkrankten und genesenen Menschens oder Tieres,</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">zumindest einem zugelassenen Medikament oder einer Kombination von zugelassenen Medikamenten und</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">zugelassenen Vitaminen und Mineralstoffe.</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Vorrichtung zum Reinigen und/oder Desinfizieren von Objekten</strong> -</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Vorrichtung (1) zum Desinfizieren von Objekten mit einer Basiseinheit (2), mit einem Aufnahmebehälter (4) für Wasser, welcher an der Basiseinheit (2) montierbar und von der Basiseinheit demontierbar ist, mit einer Objekthalterung (6) zum Halten und/oder Stützen der Objekte (10), wobei diese Objekthalterung (6) in dem Aufnahmebehälter montierbar ist und mit einer elektrisch betriebenen Reinigungseinrichtung (8), welche in dem Wasser befindliche Objekte zumindest mittelbar reinigt oder desinfiziert, wobei diese Reinigungseinrichtung in der Basiseinheit befindliche Erzeugungsmittel zum Erzeugen einer elektrischen Spannung aufweist sowie einen Plasmagenerator und/oder eine Ultraschallerzeugungseinheit.</p></li>
</ul>
<img alt="embedded image" id="EMI-D00000"/>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"></p>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Methods for treating Arenaviridae and Coronaviridae virus infections</strong> - Provided are methods for treating Arenaviridae and Coronaviridae virus infections by administering nucleosides and prodrugs thereof, of Formula I:</li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">wherein the ’ position of the nucleoside sugar is substituted. The compounds, compositions, and methods provided are particularly useful for the treatment of Lassa virus and Junin virus infections.</p>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The President Is Acting Crazy, so Why Are We Shrugging It Off?</strong> - The dangerous “yeah, whatever” phase of Trump’s lame-duck Presidency. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-trumps-washington/the-president-is-acting-crazy-so-why-are-we-shrugging-it-off">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How the Fight Against COVID-19 Is Bringing About a Perilous Rise in Preventable Diseases in Poorer Nations</strong> - For many of the world’s poorest children, the death and devastation have only begun. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/how-the-fight-against-covid-19-is-bringing-about-a-perilous-rise-in-preventable-diseases-in-poorer-nations">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How Joe Biden Could Help Internet Companies Moderate Harmful Content</strong> - Liberals and conservatives have found fault with Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act—but for very different reasons. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/how-joe-biden-could-help-internet-companies-moderate-harmful-content">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>William Barr’s Break with Donald Trump</strong> - The Attorney General is, at long last, defending American democracy. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/william-barrs-break-with-donald-trump">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Trump’s Election-Fraud Bluster Finds an Audience</strong> - If his goal is to retain the Presidency, the effort is a historic failure. But Trump has proved able to build a significant following for his claims. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-political-scene/donald-trumps-election-fraud-bluster-finds-an-audience">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>A federal court just reinstated DACA, and the implications go far beyond immigration</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="US-POLITICS-IMMIGRATION-COURT" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/chN3kUWxpFaKv54a-VyJXO0rI8E=/440x0:7512x5304/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/68463424/1221069313.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
People hold signs during a rally in support of the Supreme Court’s ruling in favor of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, in San Diego, California June 18, 2020. | Photo by SANDY HUFFAKER/AFP via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A federal judge handed immigrants a big win — and gave President-elect Biden a potential crisis.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sMp8Y1">
Late Friday afternoon, a federal district judge ordered the Trump administration to fully reinstate the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, which allows <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/6/18/21295518/supreme-court-daca-trump-roberts-regents-university-california-homeland-security">nearly 700,000 undocumented immigrants</a> who came to the United States as children to live and work there.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4B4fCW">
The case is <a href="http://slnews.us/pbgl120420a"><em>Batalla Vidal v. Wolf</em></a><em>. </em>Judge Nicholas Garaufis, who handed down the <a href="http://slnews.us/pbgl120420a">order</a>, said the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) must “post a public notice, within 3 calendar days of this Order . . . that it is accepting first-time requests for consideration of deferred action under DACA” because the department’s ostensible leader tried to limit the DACA program without having the authority to do so.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AJcr62">
The ruling is the latest blow in the Trump administration’s attempts to end the program. In 2017, Trump’s DHS issued a memo that sought to wind down the DACA program, but the Supreme Court ruled last June that DHS’s initial attempts to end it were void because the department <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/6/18/21295518/supreme-court-daca-trump-roberts-regents-university-california-homeland-security">did not adequately explain why it was doing so</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="y6CPJG">
Rather than fully reinstating DACA following the Supreme Court’s order, however, DHS issued a <a href="https://www.aila.org/infonet/dhs-will-reject-initial-requests-for-daca-limit">new memo</a> in July signed by Undersecretary of Homeland Security for Strategy, Policy, and Plans Chad Wolf — and the lawfulness of this July memo was the central issue in <em>Batalla Vidal</em>. “I have concluded that the DACA policy, at a minimum, presents serious policy concerns that may warrant its full rescission,” Wolf wrote in that memo.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6yGx8A">
The memo directs “DHS personnel to take all appropriate actions to reject all pending and future initial requests for DACA,” and it provides that current DACA beneficiaries may only receive one-year renewals of their DACA status, rather than the two year extensions they would have received prior to this memo.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aDmz3K">
Undersecretary Wolf, moreover, purported to be far more than a mere undersecretary in his memorandum. In November of 2019, President Trump <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/11/13/politics/chad-wolf-acting-dhs-secretary/index.html">named Wolf acting Secretary of Homeland Security</a>, and Wolf signed his July memo as “Acting Secretary.” This distinction matters because as undersecretary, Wolf lacks the power to make changes to DACA, but the Secretary of Homeland Security does have the authority to make such changes.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8NJpZ8">
Judge Garaufis ruled in mid-November that Wolf “was <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=162191511883611358&amp;q=batalla+vidal+v.+wolf&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=6,47&amp;as_vis=1">not lawfully serving as Acting Secretary of Homeland Security</a> under the Homeland Security Act (‘HSA’) when he issued the July 28, 2020 memorandum,” thereby cutting the legs out from under Wolf’s attempt to water down the DACA program. If Wolf is not the acting secretary, then his July memo is void.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qekeoO">
The order Garaufis handed down on Friday lays out some of the consequences of the judge’s mid-November decision. “Because Mr. Wolf was without lawful authority to serve as Acting Secretary of OHS, the Wolf Memorandum is VACATED,” Garaufis wrote in his most recent order.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NvWqMp">
So the good news for DACA-eligible immigrants is that, barring a decision from a higher court blocking Garaufis’s most recent order, those immigrants will soon be able to obtain DACA status. And even if the order is blocked, President-elect Joe Biden has also pledged to <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/immigration/daca-restored-dreamers/2020/12/04/37254908-367a-11eb-8d38-6aea1adb3839_story.html">fully reinstate DACA</a> once he takes office on January 20.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AWdYq9">
Nevertheless, the future of DACA remains uncertain. For one thing, the Supreme Court’s June decision blocking the Trump administration’s initial attempts to end the program was a <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/6/18/21295518/supreme-court-daca-trump-roberts-regents-university-california-homeland-security">5-4 decision</a>, with the late Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg in the majority. Since then, Trump has replaced Ginsburg with the far more conservative Justice Amy Coney Barrett. And even before Barrett arrived at the Supreme Court, several members of the Court had <a href="https://www.vox.com/2019/11/11/20954114/3-ways-supreme-court-daca-dreamers-trump">signaled that they thought DACA is illegal</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kOnupi">
So there’s a reasonable likelihood that the Court’s 6-3 Republican majority will strike down the DACA program even as Biden tries to preserve it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="D4boy7">
The logic of Garaufis’s November opinion — that presidents have only limited authority to make acting appointments — could also come back to bite Biden, especially if Republicans control the Senate and, with it, the power to block Biden’s nominees.
</p>
<h3 id="WI61Dv">
Chad Wolf is not the acting Secretary of Homeland Security
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ipg3h9">
The core issue in the <em>Batalla Vidal </em>case turns on whether Wolf was lawfully appointed acting secretary, and therefore is empowered to make changes to the DACA program.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Rl41Tk">
Garaufis’s opinion holding that Wolf was not lawfully appointed is fairly straightforward. The <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/6/113">Homeland Security Act</a> provides that, if DHS’s top job becomes vacant, the deputy secretary shall act as secretary. If both jobs are vacant, then “the Under Secretary for Management shall serve as the Acting Secretary if by reason of absence, disability, or vacancy in office, neither the Secretary nor Deputy Secretary is available to exercise the duties of the Office of the Secretary.” A sitting secretary, moreover, “may designate such other officers of the Department in further order of succession to serve as Acting Secretary.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2m4Rld">
Currently, DHS’s top ranks are a bit a of ghost town. All three of the top jobs are vacant. Kirstjen Nielsen, the last person to serve as a Senate-confirmed Secretary of Homeland Security, resigned in April of 2019. Before she left, however, she did lay out the order of succession that should apply if the top three jobs at DHS become vacant.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4pD5DC">
If all top three jobs were vacant, Nielsen determined, then the administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency should become secretary — but this job has been vacant since the spring of 2019. Next in line would the director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Agency — a job that, until recently, was filled by Christopher Krebs.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="36HbEF">
Trump fired Krebs in mid-November after Krebs <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/trump-fires-dhs-election-official/2020/11/17/97d3fa5c-251c-11eb-952e-0c475972cfc0_story.html">refuted false claims by Trump</a> and some of Trump’s allies that Biden somehow stole the 2020 election. But Krebs still was in his job as head of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Agency in July, when Wolf handed down his DACA memo. That means that Krebs, not Wolf, should have been the acting secretary in July.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yV6ssq">
It’s worth noting that, even with Krebs out of the picture, Wolf <a href="https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&amp;did=797392">still is not next in line to be acting secretary</a>. After Krebs is the undersecretary for science and technology, but <a href="https://www.dhs.gov/science-and-technology/william-n-bryan">this position is vacant</a> and the job is currently being done by a “Senior Official Performing the Duties of the Under Secretary for Science and Technology.” The next person in line after that is the undersecretary for intelligence and analysis, but that position <a href="https://www.dhs.gov/office-intelligence-and-analysis">is vacant as well, and the relevant office is held by an acting official</a>. Eighth in line is the commissioner of US Customs and Border Protection, <a href="https://www.cbp.gov/about/leadership-organization/commissioners-office#:~:text=Morgan-,Mark%20A.,and%20Border%20Protection%20(CBP).">but that position is <em>also</em> vacant</a> and there, too, the office is led by an acting official.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pbnLXJ">
Ninth in line is the administrator of the Transportation Security Administration. The TSA <a href="https://www.tsa.gov/leader-bios/administrator#:~:text=David%20Pekoske%20was%20confirmed%20by,seventh%20administrator%20in%20August%202017.">actually does have a Senate-confirmed leader</a> — David Pekoske was confirmed to lead the TSA in 2017 — and he still holds that office. So it would appear that Pekoske, not Wolf, should currently be serving as acting secretary of DHS.
</p>
<h3 id="bCvwFq">
Judge Garaufis’s order is bad news for Biden if Republicans try to sabotage his administration
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="B9Gs93">
As this litany of vacant offices and acting officers suggests, the courts have thus-far been fairly tolerant of President Trump’s attempts to bypass the Senate and fill top jobs with acting officials. But Judge Garaufis’s order suggests that that tolerance may be coming to an end just as Biden is preparing to take office.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8iTuxH">
We do not yet know who will control the Senate at the beginning of the Biden administration. Currently, Republicans hold a 50-48 seat majority in the incoming Senate, with <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/12/3/22150384/georgia-poll-trump-warnock-ossoff-loeffler-purdue-boycott-senate-runoffs">two seats to be determined in a January 5 Georgia runoff election</a>. If Democrats win both of those seats, Vice President-elect Kamala Harris’s tiebreaking vote will give them a narrow majority in the Senate.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QoNskO">
But if Republicans prevail in either Georgia race, then Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) will continue to lead the Senate, and Republicans will have the power to block any Biden nominee to any Senate-confirmed job.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7gJ3n5">
Biden, meanwhile, may find himself unable to staff his administration if Republicans choose to sabotage his presidency. While the Department of Homeland Security has a rigid order of succession for its top job, most agencies are governed by the <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/3345">Federal Vacancies Reform Act</a> (FVRA) when a Senate-confirmed position becomes vacant.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jO4JZ9">
Under the FVRA, the president may temporarily fill a vacant, Senate-confirmed job with an acting appointee. But the president cannot fill the job with just anyone — typically the acting appointee must either being currently serving in a Senate-confirmed job, or they must be currently serving as a senior civil servant.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="THmo7N">
Thus, if a vacancy arises in the middle of a presidency, that’s typically no big deal. After the first year of a new presidency, the president will normally have appointed hundreds of individuals to Senate-confirmed jobs. So that gives the president a deep bench of officials to slide into acting roles as they are needed.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lShY82">
But, at the beginning of Biden’s presidency, he won’t be able to rely on existing Senate-confirmed officials to serve as acting secretaries if the Senate refuses to confirm his nominees. With rare exceptions, the only people in Senate-confirmed jobs when Biden takes office will be Trump appointees.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uOMIx7">
Biden could potentially fill the vacant jobs with civil servants — that is, with senior career officials in the relevant agencies — but that could prevent Biden from naming a cabinet that shares his political and policy vision.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xcrJSE">
The FVRA, moreover, imposes rigid limits on just how long an individual may serve in an acting role. Under many circumstances, the tenure of an acting official is <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/3346">limited to just 210 days</a> after a vacancy arises. So even though Biden could fill many jobs temporarily with civil servants, many of those acting appointments will expire just seven months into his presidency.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="93Jz0h">
As mentioned above, the courts haven’t exactly been rigorous in enforcing these restrictions under President Trump, but they now seem likely to take a new interest in enforcing laws like the FVRA once Biden takes office. A 6-3 Republican Supreme Court is unlikely to bend the law in order to help a Democratic president — and really, the law is quite clear that Biden does not have a limitless power to make acting appointments.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oEuHPx">
A tremendous amount, in other words, is potentially at stake in the Georgia Senate runoffs. Those races could determine whether the Biden administration is able to perform many of the most basic functions of government — starting with actually getting people into top jobs within the administration.
</p></li>
<li><strong>The Trump administration extends the freeze on student loan payments through January</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="DeVos, in black rimmed square glasses, shoulder length blonde hair, a blue suit, and a blue, white, and red silk scarf, smiles slightly. A blurry crowd is behind her." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/eqMmgs0lOfz-TNp1hPPzF36c5Cc=/289x0:4289x3000/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/68462984/GettyImages_1188051803.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Education Secretary Betsy DeVos arrives at the White House for a 2019 Hanukkah reception. | Brendan Smialowski/AFP/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Biden and Congress will have until January 31, 2021 to decide how to help over 40 million student loan borrowers.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="k1H9JX">
Education Secretary Betsy DeVos has <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/12/04/student-loan-pause-extended-442988">extended the pause</a> on federal student loan payments due to the coronavirus pandemic through the end of January.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0hm0h1">
The freeze on monthly payments and the accrual of interest on loans had been set to expire at the end of December, but Democrats and consumer advocacy groups had called for an extension, arguing that repayments should not begin again amid the presidential transition and that they should stay suspended due to uncertainty over when another coronavirus relief bill may be passed by Congress.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IOJiAI">
“The coronavirus pandemic has presented challenges for many students and borrowers, and this temporary pause in payments will help those who have been impacted,” DeVos said in a statement Friday. “The added time also allows Congress to do its job and determine what measures it believes are necessary and appropriate. The Congress, not the executive branch, is in charge of student loan policy.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="C8YGg5">
Student loan relief — which began in March through <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/3/25/21192716/senate-deal-coronavirus-stimulus">the CARES Act,</a> and was then <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/8/11/21361879/trump-executive-orders-unemployment-benefits-student-loans">extended by the Trump administration</a> — has provided relief to over 40 million Americans as the coronavirus pandemic has wreaked havoc on the economy, and put a strain on household incomes across the nation. And the economic picture appears unlikely to brighten soon — more than <a href="https://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/empsit.pdf">5.8 million people are unemployed</a>, and a new <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/04/upshot/jobs-report-unemployment.html">federal jobs report</a> found job creation slowing.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jNZryJ">
The student loan freeze has modestly improved credit scores of student loan borrowers and helped borrowers in default avoid penalties for non-payment such as wage garnishment, according to the <a href="https://www.urban.org/urban-wire/student-loan-pause-has-improved-credit-scores-not-financial-distress">Urban Institute</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dDn2ww">
While DeVos called on Congress to take action on relief, both the executive and legislative branches of government have options available for extending relief.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FkRqpV">
<a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/12/04/student-loan-pause-extended-442988">As Politico reports</a>, the coronavirus relief bill passed by House Democrats in May would keep the freeze in place until September 30, 2021 unless the unemployment rate improves. And a <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/12/1/21761244/senate-emergency-covid-relief-manchin-mcconnell-collins">bipartisan bill</a> unveiled in the Senate this week potentially offers some kind of relief on payments through March.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VLGeMA">
When President-elect Joe Biden takes office, he will have the option to extend the repayment moratorium through executive action just as the Trump administration did. But Democratic leaders, progressives, and many consumer advocacy groups are pushing for much more sweeping action on loan relief during Biden’s tenure: The outright cancellation of federal student loans.
</p>
<h3 id="KI2Xsm">
Student loan cancelation is a hot policy debate on the left
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ziEjHi">
Some progressives like Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/1/16/21065338/elizabeth-warren-plan-to-erase-student-debt-explained">have argued</a> that the Higher Education Act gives the education secretary the “authority to begin to compromise and modify federal student loans,” meaning that the president has the legal power to cancel student loan debt unilaterally.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Uh5DAa">
As Vox’s Dylan Matthews <a href="https://www.vox.com/21557717/joe-biden-executive-order-student-debt-climate">has reported</a>, Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer and Warren have called on the Biden administration to <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2020/11/16/schumer-suggests-student-debt-forgiveness-through-executive-order.html">use executive authority to forgive the first $50,000 in federal student debt</a> for every borrower with federal student loans. (Federal student loans make up <a href="https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/education-postsecondary/reports/2019/06/12/470893/addressing-1-5-trillion-federal-student-loan-debt/">over 92 percent</a> of outstanding student loan balances, as opposed to privately issued loans.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mLmF81">
Biden has preferred more modest cancellation measures. He has expressed support for far more limited student loan relief — <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/biden-plan-to-forgive-student-debt-hinges-on-democratic-control-of-senate-11605358800">forgiving $10,000 per borrower</a> — but sources involved in his transition-planning discussions <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/13/business/biden-student-loans.html">told the New York Times</a> that he prefers any cancellation measure to by authorized through congressional legislation, not executive action.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GAllPI">
If Democrats succeed in taking control of the Senate after <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/21726781/georgia-senate-runoffs-senate-loeffler-perdue-warnock-ossoff-biden-trump-kemp">Georgia’s two runoff elections</a> — and therefore hold both chambers of Congress — there may be some more serious discussion of doing just that. But if Democrats fail to take control of the Senate in January’s runoffs, pressure on Biden to take executive action to forgive loans may intensify.
</p></li>
<li><strong>The EU’s biggest oil producer has taken a huge step: It’s ending oil production by 2050</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Two oil and gas processing platforms." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/0q_S6a8jbQv2T4Mlbgo-D3pHCu0=/25x0:4444x3314/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/68460508/1228525917.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
The work of scrapping and recycling of the Tyra Field oil and gas platforms is underway at the port of Frederikshavn in Denmark, on September 15, 2020 | Henning Bagger/Ritzau Scanpix/AFP via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Denmark’s significant move makes EU climate change targets actionable.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lJu5bL">
Denmark has just taken a significant step to lead the world on addressing climate change. The country announced that it will phase out all oil and gas exploration contracts in the North Sea by 2050. It’s the first major oil-producing country to take such a big step.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WP55Me">
Following a December 3 vote, the Danish parliament has issued a near-total ban on companies receiving new licenses to hunt for and extract oil. The agreement will also <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/denmark-oil/update-1-denmark-to-end-oil-and-gas-hunt-in-north-sea-in-2050-idUSL1N2IJ30O">cancel</a> an eighth round of licensing that was set to occur. Licenses that were issued before the vote will be honored until 2050.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rrGgx9">
“We’re the European Union’s biggest oil producer and this decision will therefore resonate around the world,” Danish climate minister Dan Jorgensen <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/business-55184580">said</a> on Thursday.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tGGd1n">
The move to end oil and gas contracts by 2050 is not going to be cheap as it’s estimated to <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/denmark-oil/denmark-pins-green-credentials-on-end-to-north-sea-oil-hunt-idUSKBN28E26Z">cost Denmark $2.1 billion</a>, but the country appears ready to foot the bill. “It’s a tough decision, it’s an expensive decision, but it’s the right decision,” Jorgensen <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/denmark-phaseout-oil-production/2020/12/04/c5559eb4-35b0-11eb-9699-00d311f13d2d_story.html">told</a> the Washington Post.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8gTWhx">
Denmark has been extracting oil and gas from the North Sea <a href="https://www.oilgas.dtu.dk/english/about-us/denmarks-oil">since 1972</a>. Tax revenue from oil and gas production has greatly benefited its economy, helping to build the <a href="https://ens.dk/en/our-responsibilities/oil-gas/about-oil-and-gas">Danish welfare state</a> that takes care of its citizens across their lifetimes.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ktnSJh">
But ending oil and gas extraction and exploration, experts say, is the only way Denmark can meet the European Union’s climate pledge. In October, the European Union <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climate-change-eu-target/european-parliament-cements-position-on-climate-change-before-haggling-by-member-states-idUSKBN26T0X0">voted</a> to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 60 percent from 1990s levels by 2030.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="V4rv7r">
The decision, which passed overwhelmingly, increased the bloc’s pledge to the <a href="https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2017/6/1/15724162/trump-paris-climate-agreement-explained-briefly">2016 Paris Agreement</a>, signaling Europe’s serious commitment to ending the climate emergency.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HY8f0v">
Denmark’s plans put the country in line with regional targets.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lRXRfl">
“It’s taking a measure that will probably ensure that Denmark can meet this goal within the EU of reducing emissions to the point where they can pursue carbon neutrality by 2050,” Wil Burns, professor and co-director of the Institute for Carbon Removal Law &amp; Policy at American University, told me. “And this is the only way they could effectuate that.”
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/yJ3buzt_j8NERa6jO-JjEDUsOzo=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22146535/1228925188.jpg"/> <cite>Ole Jensen/Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Climate demonstrators gather around Parliament during the opening day on October 6, 2020, in Copenhagen, Denmark.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PvOS0U">
The vote also came due to increased pressure at home. Copenhagen, the Danish capital city, announced <a href="https://urbandevelopmentcph.kk.dk/artikel/cph-2025-climate-plan">plans</a> in late 2019 to become the first carbon-neutral capital in the world, achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2025.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Fprgfi">
And as Reuters <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-denmark-climatechange-oil/denmark-should-end-oil-and-gas-hunt-says-government-adviser-idUSKBN23B150">reported</a> in June, the <a href="https://klimaraadet.dk/en/about-danish-council-climate-change#:~:text=The%20Danish%20Council%20on%20Climate%20Change%20is%20an%20independent%20body,80%2D95%25%20by%202050.">Danish Council on Climate Change</a>, an independent body that advises Denmark’s government, called for an end to oil and gas activities to salvage the credibility of Denmark as a leader in the fight against climate change.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LvRWZV">
“A Danish halt for further exploration in the North Sea could send a strong signal in international climate politics and may even encourage other countries to follow suit,” the council said at the time.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vELQ7k">
The international environmental activist organization Greenpeace expressed their support for the decision on Twitter, heralding the move as a “landmark decision.”
</p>
<div id="xe4fi0">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
Historic WIN for climate &amp; people power! In landmark decision, oil producer Denmark ends future licensing rounds for oil and gas exploration permits in the North Sea and sets existing production to expire no later than 2050. Now, more countries need to end oil! <a href="https://t.co/NyUg4CtsCb">pic.twitter.com/NyUg4CtsCb</a>
</p>
— Greenpeace (<span class="citation" data-cites="Greenpeace">@Greenpeace</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/Greenpeace/status/1334781415716753409?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 4, 2020</a>
</blockquote></div></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="Z8xi1G">
Ending oil production by 2050 has been welcomed — and criticized
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pxzD6z">
The move was also hailed by EU government officials including Finnish Minister of the Environment and Climate Krista Mikkonen, who <a href="https://twitter.com/MikkonenKrista/status/1334836710199406594?s=20">applauded</a> the decision via Twitter saying that the world needs more leaders on climate change.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nn89Bg">
Some other environmental groups were also happy. “This is a huge victory for the climate movement,” Helene Hagel of Greenpeace Denmark <a href="https://www.thehour.com/news/article/Denmark-to-stop-pumping-oil-gas-in-North-Sea-15775390.php">said</a> in a statement. She added that Denmark has “a moral obligation to end the search for new oil to send a clear signal that the world can and must act to meet the Paris Agreement and mitigate the climate crisis.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hWw9nA">
Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg was far less impressed, though, tweeting that the decision means Denmark will continue extracting oil and gas for another 30 years.
</p>
<div id="zH1xtK">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
The real news here is that Denmark will apparently go on extracting fossil fuels for another 3 decades.<br/>To us children, this is not the “good news” that some people seem to think. <br/>We’re in a climate emergency. Act accordingly.<a href="https://t.co/3ywKQNQXA0">https://t.co/3ywKQNQXA0</a>
</p>
— Greta Thunberg (<span class="citation" data-cites="GretaThunberg">@GretaThunberg</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/GretaThunberg/status/1334826022127218688?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 4, 2020</a>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="B39D1W">
Denmark’s decision shows that Paris and regional and national commitments to reducing emissions are starting to have some real impact — and that’s good.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5p4UHQ">
As the <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Oil_and_petroleum_products_-_a_statistical_overview&amp;oldid=315177#:~:text=Production%20of%20crude%20oil,-The%20primary%20production&amp;text=The%20top%20oil%20producers%20in,Romania%20(3.4%20Mtoe%20each).&amp;text=In%20Norway%2C%20one%20of%20the,than%20half%20(75.1%20Mtoe).">top oil producer</a> in the European Union, Denmark’s move is significant, but other oil producing nations must take a similar pledge if there’s any hope of achieving the Paris Agreement’s target of limiting warming to 2 degrees Celsius.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0OC8MJ">
“You’re going to need a lot of other countries, especially major oil and gas producers, to step up,” Burns told me. “Norway and the UK both feel pressured to remain leaders on pursuing the climate agenda.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vdNPI2">
While the UK and Norway are both major oil-producing countries and located outside the EU, the desire to lead on climate change could push the nations to make stronger commitments.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1qLT8W">
On December 3, the UK announced <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-55179008">ambitious plans</a> to cut emissions by 68 percent compared to 1990 levels by 2030. A report also calls on <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/dec/03/uk-north-sea-industry-urged-to-phase-out-oil-and-gas-extraction">UK oil and gas firms to phase out production in the North Sea</a> and make the transition to renewable energy sources. Peer pressure could also help further pave the way.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IuWUfO">
Neighboring Norway, Burns noted, is a much larger producer of fossil fuels, so a commitment to end oil and gas extraction would be a much more dramatic step for that country to take.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="n6YQRp">
“If the US, this year or next year, starts to return as a positive force on climate, that along with measures like this one from Denmark might put pressure on other countries to do so,” Burns said.
</p>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Everton manages a draw</strong> - Everton was held to a 1-1 draw at Burnley in the Premier League on Saturday after Dominic Calvert-Lewin cancelled out Robbie Brady’s opener for the Cl</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>NEUFC blanks East Bengal</strong> - Robbie Fowler’s SC East Bengal suffered yet another reverse while an unbeaten NorthEast United moved to second in the ISL table with a 2-0 win at the</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Rijiju resolves customs duty issue</strong> - Chess player Srinath to get refund</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Indian chess has gone online and become even more popular. Will this help unearth the next Vishy?</strong> - In August, India was crowned the joint winner, along with Russia, at the online Chess Olympiad</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Chahal playing for Jadeja was within rules but don’t agree with concussion substitutes, says Gavaskar</strong> - “An Australian match referee had no objection to that. So I don’t see why there is so much of noise about it.”</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>State sees 1,366 cases, 15 deaths</strong> - 1,407 persons discharged after treatment; Perambalur records no new infection</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Stalin questions PM’s reluctance on MSP</strong> - Modi talks up benefits of the farm laws without specifying them: DMK chief</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Hindu Explains | Why is a headcount on caste lines considered necessary, and what will be the outcome?</strong> - How have caste details been collected so far? What about Socio-Economic Caste Census of 2011?</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Issue of poll materials on Wednesday</strong> - Election materials for the upcoming civic body polls will be issued at seven centres in the district at 10 a.m. on Wednesday.Election materials for th</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Commissioning of EVMs begins today</strong> - The commissioning of the electronic voting machines (EVM) for the upcoming civic polls in the district will be held on Sunday and Monday at the EVM di</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Brexit stalemate: Boris Johnson and Ursula Von Der Leyen seek to break trade deal deadlock</strong> - EU and UK negotiators call in leaders in last ditch effort to secure a trade deal.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>France police security bill: Protests turn violent again</strong> - Protesters clash with police and vehicles are set alight for a second weekend over a controversial law.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Covid: Russia begins vaccinations in Moscow</strong> - The home-grown Sputnik V vaccine, which is still undergoing mass testing, is being used.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Austria: Former finance minister Grasser jailed for corruption</strong> - The court said Karl-Heinz Grasser received kickbacks in return for information on property sales.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Denmark set to end all new oil and gas exploration</strong> - The European Union’s largest oil producer plans to stop extracting fossil fuels by 2050.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>New analysis: Extreme flows in US streams are rising</strong> - Mixed trends become clearer when similar streams are grouped together. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1727655">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>For the second time ever, an asteroid sample returns to Earth</strong> - The Japanese Hayabusa2 mission to asteroid Ryugu returns with pristine space rock. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1727743">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The NIH’s top vaccine maker wants Warp Speed to be the new normal</strong> - John Mascola thinks COVID-19 proves we have to prep for the next virus, too. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1727735">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Shadow Moon tries to escape his demigod destiny in American Gods S3 trailer</strong> - We have hopes for a less rocky S3 with new showrunner and several new cast members - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1727695">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Feds logged website visitors in 2019, citing Patriot Act authority</strong> - Privacy-minded lawmakers want feds to have to get warrants for Web browsing data. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1727701">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Three men died on Christmas Eve and were met by Saint Peter at the pearly gates.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
‘In honor of this holy season’ Saint Peter said, ‘You must each possess something that symbolizes Christmas to get into heaven.’<br/> The Englishman fumbled through his pockets and pulled out a lighter. He flicked it on. ‘It’s a candle’, he said.<br/> ‘You may pass through the pearly gates’ Saint Peter said.<br/> The Scotsman reached into his pocket and pulled out a set of keys. He shook them and said, ‘They’re bells.’<br/> Saint Peter said ‘You may pass through the pearly gates’.<br/> The Irishman started searching desperately through his pockets and finally pulled out a pair of women’s panties.<br/> St. Peter looked at the man with a raised eyebrow and asked, ‘And just what do those symbolize?’<br/> The paddy replied, ‘These are Carols.’
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/StrangeAssonance"> /u/StrangeAssonance </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/k76fwv/three_men_died_on_christmas_eve_and_were_met_by/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/k76fwv/three_men_died_on_christmas_eve_and_were_met_by/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Two Jews are arguing before the Rabbi</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
J1: “Black is a color!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
J2: “NO! it is not!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
J1: “It is a color!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
J2: “Rabbi, is black a color?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Rabbi: “Well, sure…”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
J1: “See, I told you. And so is white!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
J2: “White is not a color!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
J1: “Rabbi?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Rabbi: “Well, yes, white is a color”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
J1: “See, I told you Moishe, I sold you a <em>color</em> TV”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/OU812A"> /u/OU812A </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/k6z5ns/two_jews_are_arguing_before_the_rabbi/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/k6z5ns/two_jews_are_arguing_before_the_rabbi/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A man goes to the doctor and says, “Doctor, my arse hurts!”</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The doctor says, “Whereabouts did it hurt?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Around the entrance?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Yeah, it’s gonna keep hurting as long as you call it an entrance.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Plague001"> /u/Plague001 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/k74b32/a_man_goes_to_the_doctor_and_says_doctor_my_arse/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/k74b32/a_man_goes_to_the_doctor_and_says_doctor_my_arse/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Found this one in my 2014 meme stash</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A police officer pulled over a car on a deserted highway and told the driver, “Congratulations! You’re the first person here today who was wearing a seat belt and now you’re entitled to a prize of 1000$. What are you gonna do with your money?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Well”, replied the man, “I think I’m gonna get a driver’s license.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Oh, Ignore him.”, his wife said, “He always speaks nonsense when he’s drunk.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“I KNEW IT!”, his father bellowed from the backseat, “I KNEW WE WON’T GET FAR IN A STOLEN CAR.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Then came the voice from the trunk, “Are we over the border yet?”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/GamerRipjaw"> /u/GamerRipjaw </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/k758aa/found_this_one_in_my_2014_meme_stash/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/k758aa/found_this_one_in_my_2014_meme_stash/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Teacher: Use a sentence that starts with “I”</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Bobby: I is…
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Teacher: No, Bobby. You should say “I am”, never “I is”.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Bobby: I am the 9th letter of the alphabet.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/squeakcr"> /u/squeakcr </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/k6tdpe/teacher_use_a_sentence_that_starts_with_i/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/k6tdpe/teacher_use_a_sentence_that_starts_with_i/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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