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<title>21 January, 2023</title>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Broad-spectrum antiviral inhibitors targeting pandemic potential RNA viruses</strong> -
<div>
RNA viruses continue to remain a clear and present threat for potential pandemics due to their rapid evolution. To mitigate their impact, we urgently require antiviral agents that can inhibit multiple families of disease-causing viruses, such as arthropod-borne and respiratory pathogens. Potentiating host antiviral pathways can prevent or limit viral infections before escalating into a major outbreak. Therefore, it is critical to identify broad-spectrum antiviral agents. We have tested a small library of innate immune agonists targeting pathogen recognition receptors, including TLRs, STING, NOD, Dectin and cytosolic DNA or RNA sensors. We observed that TLR3, STING, TLR8 and Dectin-1 ligands inhibited arboviruses, Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), West Nile virus (WNV) and Zika virus, to varying degrees. Cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) STING agonists, such as cAIMP, diABZI, and 2’,3’-cGAMP, and Dectin-1 agonist scleroglucan, demonstrated the most potent, broad-spectrum antiviral function. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that CHIKV-infected cells had larger number of differentially expressed genes than of WNV and ZIKV. Furthermore, gene expression analysis showed that cAIMP treatment rescued cells from CHIKV-induced dysregulation of cell repair, immune, and metabolic pathways. In addition, cAIMP provided protection against CHIKV in a CHIKV-arthritis mouse model. Cardioprotective effects of synthetic STING ligands against CHIKV, WNV, SARS-CoV-2 and enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) infections were demonstrated using human cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, the direct-acting antiviral drug remdesivir, a nucleoside analogue, was not effective against CHIKV and WNV, but exhibited potent antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2, RSV (respiratory syncytial virus), and EV-D68. Our study identifies broad-spectrum antivirals effective against multiple families of pandemic potential RNA viruses, which can be rapidly deployed to prevent or mitigate future pandemics.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.19.524824v1" target="_blank">Broad-spectrum antiviral inhibitors targeting pandemic potential RNA viruses</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Elective Surgery Before, During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic in England 2015 - 2022: A Database Study</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Objective To track elective surgery activity before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic in England. To examine for hypothesised differences in use of independent vs NHS hospitals, and more urgent vs less urgent operations over the pre- and post-COVID time windows. Design We extracted data from the Hospital Episodes Statistics database from 1st April 2015 to 30th April 2022. This database contains all emergency and elective patient admissions, outpatient appointments and A&amp;E attendances funded by the NHS in England. Setting NHS and Independent hospitals in England. Participants Adult patients (over 18 years) admitted for elective surgery between April 2015 and April 2022, who were classified as being in priority groups 3 or 4. Main Outcomes Total operations, operations by hospital type, and NHS England priority ranking. Results The data show that there was a large reduction in the number of elective operations during lockdown with incomplete recovery thereafter. Also the proportion of more urgent surgeries and surgeries in independent hospitals increased in the post-COVID vs pre-COVID time windows. Conclusion Under conditions of high-demand, higher value elective surgery procedures are awarded increasing priority and the Independent sector bears a larger share of the load.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.20.23284826v1" target="_blank">Elective Surgery Before, During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic in England 2015 - 2022: A Database Study</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Application of Elastic Net Regression for Modeling COVID-19 Sociodemographic Risk Factors</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Objectives: COVID-19 has been at the forefront of global concern since its emergence in December of 2019. Determining the social factors that drive case incidence is paramount to mitigating disease spread. We gathered data from the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) along with Democratic voting percentage to attempt to understand which county-level sociodemographic metrics had a significant correlation with case rate for COVID-19. Methods: We used elastic net regression due to issues with variable collinearity and model overfitting. Our modelling framework included using the ten Health and Human Services regions as submodels for the two time periods 22 March 2020 to 15 June 2021 (prior to the Delta time period) and 15 June 2021 to 1 November 2021 (the Delta time period). Results: Statistically, elastic net improved prediction when compared to multiple regression, as almost every HHS model consistently had a lower root mean square error (RMSE) and satisfactory R2 coefficients. These analyses show that the percentage of minorities, disabled individuals, individuals living in group quarters, and individuals who voted Democratic correlated significantly with COVID-19 attack rate as determined by Variable Importance Plots (VIPs). Conclusions: The percentage of minorities per county correlated positively with cases in the earlier time period and negatively in the later time period, which complements previous research. In contrast, higher percentages of disabled individuals per county correlated negatively in the earlier time period. Counties with an above average percentage of group quarters experienced a high attack rate early which then diminished in significance after the primary vaccine rollout. Higher Democratic voting consistently correlated negatively with cases, coinciding with previous findings regarding a partisan divide in COVID-19 cases at the county level. Our findings can assist policymakers in distributing resources to more vulnerable counties in future pandemics based on SVI.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.19.23284288v1" target="_blank">Application of Elastic Net Regression for Modeling COVID-19 Sociodemographic Risk Factors</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>High proportion of Ugandans with pre-pandemic SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The estimated mortality rate of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic varied greatly around the world with multiple countries in East, Central, and West Africa having significantly lower rates of COVID-19 related fatalities than many resource-rich nations with significantly earlier wide-spread access to life-saving vaccines. One possible reason for this lower mortality could be the presence of pre-existing cross-reactive immunological responses in these areas of the world. To explore this hypothesis, stored peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from Ugandans collected from 2015-2017 prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (n=29) and from hospitalized Ugandan COVID-19 patients (n=3) were examined using flow-cytometry for the presence of pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell populations using four T-cell epitope mega pools. Of pre-pandemic participants, 89.7% (26/29) had either CD4+ or CD8+, or both, SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell responses. Specifically, CD4+ T-cell reactivity (72.4%) and CD8+ T-cell reactivity (65.5%) were relatively similar, and 13 participants (44.8%) had both types of cross-reactive types of T-cells present. There were no significant differences in response by sex in the population. The rates of cross-reactive T-cell populations in these Ugandans is higher than previous estimates from resource-rich countries like the United States (20-50% reactivity). It is unclear what role, if any, this cross-reactivity played in decreasing COVID-19 related mortality in Uganda and other African countries, but does suggest that a better understanding of global pre-existing immunological cross-reactivity could be an informative data of epidemiological intelligence moving forward.
</p>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.16.23284626v1" target="_blank">High proportion of Ugandans with pre-pandemic SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>COVID-19 and Mental Health in China: Effects of Personality and Demographics</strong> -
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China was the first country affected by the COVID-19 virus and it reacted strongly in the first months of 2020. This paper presents new evidence on the deterioration in mental health in China between 2018 and 2020. Using two waves of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) we can follow the same individuals pre and during the pandemic periods. We find clear evidence of a moderate level of mental health deterioration between 2018 and 2020. The prevalence of severe cases of depression, measured using an eight-item version of the common CES-D scale, increased from 6.33% in 2018 to 7.54% in 2020; quantifiable as around a 19% increase. This deterioration is higher for individuals who are subject to strict lockdowns, about 0.3 symptoms more on average, and it is stronger among those who already reported symptoms of depression in the 2018 wave of data. The effects we find are larger for individuals with more open personalities: one standard deviation of the Openness trait corresponds to 0.08 more symptoms, while more Neurotic individuals do not seem to be more affected. Younger cohorts and individuals with lower levels of education are more affected. Males seem slightly more affected than females, although this difference is statistically non-significant.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.20.23284600v1" target="_blank">COVID-19 and Mental Health in China: Effects of Personality and Demographics</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Immunogenicity, Safety and Effectiveness of COVID-19 Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) mRNA Vaccination in Immunocompromised Adolescents and Young Adults: A systematic Review and Meta-Analyses</strong> -
<div>
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People with weak immune systems are more likely to develop severe COVID-19, less likely to be included in vaccine controlled studies but more likely to be under-vaccinated. We review post-marketing studies to examine the immunogenicity, safety and effectiveness of BNT162b2 vaccine in immunocompromised adolescents and young adults (AYA). We searched more than three international databases from 2020 to 30 May 2022 and used the ROBINS-I for bias assessment. Random effect model was used to estimate pooled proportion, log RR, and mean difference. Egger9s regression and Begg9s rank correlation were used to examine publication bias. 47 full texts were reviewed, and nine were included. Conditions studied were rheumatic diseases, diabetes mellitus, Down syndrome, solid tumours, neurodisability, and cystic fibrosis. Eight studies used cohort designs and one used cross-sectional designs. Europe led most of the investigations. Most studies had unclear risk of bias and none could rule out selection bias, ascertainment bias, or selective outcome reporting. The overall estimated proportion of combined local and systemic reactions after the first BNT162b2 vaccination was 30%[95% CI: 17-42%] and slightly rose to 32% [95% CI: 19-44%] after the second dose. Rheumatic illnesses had the highest rate of AEFI (40%[95% CI: 16-65%]), while cystic fibrosis had the lowest (27%[95% CI: 17%-38%]). Hospitalizations for AEFIs were rare. Healthy controls exhibited higher levels of neutralizing antibodies and measured IgG than immunocompromised AYA, although pooled estimations did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference after primary dose. BNT162b2 is safe and effective in immunocompromised AYA, with no significant difference to healthy controls. However, current evidence is low to moderate due to high RoB. Our research advocates for improving methodology in studies including specific AYA population.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.20.23284812v1" target="_blank">Immunogenicity, Safety and Effectiveness of COVID-19 Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) mRNA Vaccination in Immunocompromised Adolescents and Young Adults: A systematic Review and Meta-Analyses</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Frequency and Clinical Characteristics of Breakthrough Cases Post COVID-19 Vaccine and Predictive Risk Factors in College Students</strong> -
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BACKGROUND COVID-19 vaccines help protect against infection, severe illness, hospitalization and death. When someone who is vaccinated with either a primary series or a primary series plus a booster dose gets infected with the virus that causes COVID-19, it is referred to as a vaccine breakthrough infection. OBJECTIVES To assess the frequency and clinical characteristics of breakthrough cases of COVID-19 infection and to study the predictive risk factors. SUBJECTS&amp;METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out including 604 undergraduate medical and non-medical students in Iraq from 10th of August to 29th of September 2022. Data was collected via an online specific questionnaire and analyzed to estimate the frequency of COVID-19 breakthrough cases post vaccination, and number of doses of vaccine used. The association of different factors including age, gender, grade, body mass index, smoking, and comorbidity was also studied as predictive risk factors. We used the data to formulate tables, figures and perform statistical tests in IBM SPSS Statistics 25. RESULTS Mean age of study sample was 21.78 year (3.26) and 339 (56%) were females. In terms of COVID-19 vaccination data, 97 (16%) have received one dose, 459 (76%) two doses and 48 (8%) three doses. Regarding PCR test, 74 (12%) were positive after the first dose compared to 49 (8%) after the second dose. About the symptoms developed, the most frequent were fever in 372 (61.1%), unusual fatigue in 96 (15.79%), chills in 29 (4.77%) and persistent cough in 26 (4.28%). For most predictive factors, results were statistically insignificant. CONCLUSIONS In current study; demographic factors showed no statistically significant impact on prevalence of COVID-19 breakthrough cases. Despite this; number of participants who develop symptoms after the second dose of vaccine was high; and having 3 or more symptoms. About half of participants showed symptoms even after being fully vaccinated.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.20.23284814v1" target="_blank">Frequency and Clinical Characteristics of Breakthrough Cases Post COVID-19 Vaccine and Predictive Risk Factors in College Students</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Men have approximately 2- to 3-fold greater overdose mortality than women for synthetic opioids, heroin and psychostimulants including cocaine across the lifespan: Analysis of state-level CDC data for 2020-2021</strong> -
<div>
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Drug overdoses are an escalating cause of mortality in the United States, with potential sex differences across the lifespan. The objective of this study was to use state-level nationally representative data that includes the COVID-19 pandemic period to determine overdose mortality for specific drug categories across the lifespan of men and women. We used Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Multiple Cause of Death 2020-2021 data on overdose mortality, for 50 states and District of Columbia, across 10-year age bins (age range: 15-74). The outcome measure was sex-specific crude overdose death rate (per 100,000) for: synthetic opioids excluding methadone (ICD-10 code: T40.4; e.g., fentanyl), heroin (T40.1), psychostimulants with abuse potential (T43.6; e.g., methamphetamine), and cocaine (T40.5). Multiple regression analyses adjusted for ethnic-cultural background and household net worth from Census data, and sex-specific rate of misuse of the relevant substances, from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2019-2020). For each of these major drug categories, men had greater overall overdose mortality than women. Although overall rates of mortality differed across jurisdictions, the sex ratio of mortality for each drug category was relatively stable (≈2- to 3-fold greater mortality in men vs women). These findings survived adjustment for state-level ethnic-cultural and economic variables, and for sex-specific misuse of each drug type (especially in the 25-34, 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 age bins). These findings underscore the need for research into sex- and gender-based mechanisms underlying differential vulnerability in overdose mortality for these drugs, based on their diverse pharmacodynamics and pathophysiology.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.20.23284833v1" target="_blank">Men have approximately 2- to 3-fold greater overdose mortality than women for synthetic opioids, heroin and psychostimulants including cocaine across the lifespan: Analysis of state-level CDC data for 2020-2021</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Machine learning augmentation reduces prediction error in collective forecasting: development and validation across prediction markets</strong> -
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The recent COVID-19 crisis highlighted the inadequacy of human forecasting. We aim to leverage human prediction markets with real-time machine weighting of likely higher accuracy trades to improve performance. The crowd sourced Almanis prediction market longitudinal platform (n=1822) and Next Generation Social Science (NGS2) platform (n=103) were utilised. A 43-feature model predicted top quintile relative Brier accuracy scores in two out-of-sample datasets (pboth&lt;1x10-9). Trades graded as high machine accuracy quality vs. other trades had a greater AUC temporal gain from before to after trade. Hybrid human-machine forecasts had higher accuracy than human forecasts alone, particularly when the two systems disagreed by 5% or more for binary event prediction: the hybrid system demonstrating substantial AUC gains of 13.2%, p=1.35x10-14 and 13.8%, p=0.003 in the out-of-sample Almanis B and NGS2 datasets respectively. When discordant, the hybrid model was correct for COVID-19 event occurrence 72.7% of the time vs 27.3% for human-only models, p=0.007. This net classification benefit was replicated in the separate Almanis B dataset, p=2.4x10-7. Real-time machine classification followed by weighting human trades according to likely accuracy improves collective forecasting performance. Implementation may allow improved anticipation of and response to emerging risks and improved human collective efforts generally.
</p>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.19.23284578v1" target="_blank">Machine learning augmentation reduces prediction error in collective forecasting: development and validation across prediction markets</a>
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<li><strong>Extremely potent pan-sarbecovirus neutralizing antibodies generated by immunization of macaques with an AS03-adjuvanted monovalent subunit vaccine against SARS-CoV-2</strong> -
<div>
The rapid emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that evade immunity to vaccination has placed a global health imperative on the development of therapeutic countermeasures that provide broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 and related sarbecoviruses. Here, we identified extremely potent pan-sarbecovirus antibodies from non-human primates vaccinated with an AS03 adjuvanted subunit vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 that recognize conserved epitopes in the receptor binding domain (RBD) with femtomolar affinities. Longitudinal analysis revealed progressive accumulation of somatic mutation in the immunoglobulin genes of antigen-specific memory B cells for at least one year following primary vaccination. 514 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated from antigen-specific memory B cells. Antibodies isolated at 5 to 12 months following vaccination displayed greater potency and breadth, relative to those identified at 1.4 months. Notably, 15 out of 338 (~4.4%) antibodies isolated at 1.4~6 months after the primary vaccination showed extraordinary neutralization potency against SARS-CoV-2 omicron BA.1, despite the absence of BA.1 neutralization in serum. Two of them, 25F9 and 20A7, neutralized authentic clade Ia sarbecoviruses (SARS-CoV, WIV-1, SHC014) and clade Ib sarbecoviruses (SARS-CoV-2 D614G, SARS-CoV-2 BA.1, Pangolin-GD) with half-maximal inhibition concentrations of (0.85 ng/ml, 3 ng/ml, 6 ng/ml, 6 ng/ml, 42 ng/ml, 6 ng/ml) and (13 ng/ml, 2 ng/ml, 18 ng/ml, 9 ng/ml, 6 ng/ml, 345 ng/ml), respectively. Furthermore, 20A7 and 27A12 showed potent neutralization against all SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and multiple Omicron sublineages, including BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4/5, BQ.1, BQ.1.1 and XBB variants. X-ray crystallography studies revealed the molecular basis of broad and potent neutralization through targeting conserved RBD sites. In vivo prophylactic protection of 25F9, 20A7 and 27A12 was confirmed in aged Balb/c mice. Notably, administration of 25F9 provided complete protection against SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 BA.1, SARS-CoV, and SHC014 challenge, underscoring that these mAbs are promising pan-sarbecovirus therapeutic antibodies.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.19.524784v1" target="_blank">Extremely potent pan-sarbecovirus neutralizing antibodies generated by immunization of macaques with an AS03-adjuvanted monovalent subunit vaccine against SARS-CoV-2</a>
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<li><strong>Induction of SARS-CoV-2 N-specific CD8+ T cell immunity in lungs by engineered extracellular vesicles associates with strongly impaired viral replication</strong> -
<div>
Induction of effective immunity in lungs should be a pre-requisite for any vaccine designed to control the severe pathogenic effects generated by respiratory infectious agents. In the case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 infection, vaccination is expected to associate with significant inhibition of viral replication in lungs. We recently provided evidence that the generation of endogenous extracellular vesicles (EVs) engineered for the incorporation of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid (N) protein can protect K18-hACE2 transgenic mice from the lethal intranasal infection with the ancestral Wuhan isolate. Actually, it was widely demonstrated that these transgenic mice succumb to SARS-CoV-2 intranasal infection mainly as a consequence of the viral invasiveness of central nervous system, a pathogenetic mechanism almost absent in humans. On the other hand, K18-hACE2 transgenic mice support viral replication in lungs, an event strictly mirroring the major pathogenic signature linked to the severe disease in humans. However, nothing is known about the ability of N-specific CD8+ T cell immunity induced by engineered EVs in controlling viral replication in lungs. To fill the gap, we investigated the immunity generated in lungs by N-engineered EVs in terms of induction of N-specific effectors and resident memory CD8+ T lymphocytes before and after virus challenge carried out three weeks and three months after boosting. At the same time points, viral replication extents in lungs were evaluated. We found that three weeks after second immunization, virus replication was reduced in mice best responding to vaccination by more than 3-logs compared to control group. The impaired viral replication matched with a reduced induction of Spike-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes. The antiviral effect appeared similarly strong when the viral challenge was carried out 3 months after boosting. This inhibitory effect associated with the persistence of a N-specific CD8+ T-resident memory lymphocytes in lungs of N-immunized mice. In view of the quite conserved sequence of the N protein among SARS-CoV-2 variants, these results support the idea that a vaccine strategy focused on the induction of anti-N CD8+ T cell immunity in lungs has the potential to control the replication of emerging variants.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.19.524762v1" target="_blank">Induction of SARS-CoV-2 N-specific CD8+ T cell immunity in lungs by engineered extracellular vesicles associates with strongly impaired viral replication</a>
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<li><strong>Effectiveness of second booster compared to first booster and protection conferred by previous SARS CoV-2 infection against symptomatic Omicron BA.2 and BA.4/5 in France</strong> -
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In face of evidence of rapid waning of vaccine effectiveness against Omicron and its sub-lineages, a second booster with mRNA vaccines was recommended for the most vulnerable in France. We used a test negative design to estimate the effectiveness of the second booster relative to the first booster and the protection conferred by a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, against symptomatic Omicron BA.2 or BA.4/5. We included symptomatic ≥60 years old individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2 in March 21-October 30, 2022. Compared to a 181-210 days old first booster, a second booster restored protection with an effectiveness of 39% [95%CI: 38% - 41%], 7-30 days post-vaccination This gain in protection was lower than the one observed with the first booster, at equal time points since vaccination. High levels of protection were associated to previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially if the infection was recent and occurred when an antigenic-related variant was dominant.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.11.23284137v2" target="_blank">Effectiveness of second booster compared to first booster and protection conferred by previous SARS CoV-2 infection against symptomatic Omicron BA.2 and BA.4/5 in France</a>
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<li><strong>Uncovering hidden biological processes by probabilistic filtering of single-cell data</strong> -
<div>
Elucidating underlying biological processes in single-cell data is an ongoing challenge and the number of methods that recapitulate dominant signals in such data has increased significantly. However, cellular populations encode multiple biological attributes, related to their spatial configuration, temporal trajectories, cell-cell interactions, and responses to environmental cues, which may be overshadowed by the dominant signal and thus much harder to recover. To approach this task, we developed SiFT (SIgnal FilTering), a method for filtering biological signals in single-cell data, thus uncovering underlying processes of interest. Utilizing existing prior knowledge and reconstruction tools for a specific biological signal, such as spatial structure, SiFT filters the signal and uncovers additional biological attributes. SiFT is applicable to a wide range of tasks, from the removal of unwanted variation in the data as a pre-processing step to revealing hidden biological structures. Applied for pre-processing, SiFT outperforms state-of-the-art methods for the removal of nuisance signals and cell cycle effects. To recover underlying biological structure, we use existing prior knowledge regarding liver zonation to filter the spatial signal from single-cell liver data thereby enhancing the temporal circadian signal the cells are encoding. Lastly, we showcase the applicability of SiFT in the case-control setting for studying COVID-19 disease. Filtering the healthy signal, based on reference samples from healthy donors, exposes disease-related dynamics in COVID-19 data and highlights disease informative cells and their underlying disease response pathways.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.18.524512v1" target="_blank">Uncovering hidden biological processes by probabilistic filtering of single-cell data</a>
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<li><strong>Sweden’s Coronavirus Fight Strategy And Bitter Memories Of Past Eugenic Practices</strong> -
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Herd immunity is one of the methods utilized by countries to combat the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Sweden is the only country in Europe that pursues the practice of “herd immunity,” while the new coronavirus has spread throughout the country. As of April 27, 2020, the Johns Hopkins University Coronavirus Research Center reports that there have been 18,640 coronavirus cases in Sweden, resulting in 2,194 deaths. The ‘herd’ will survive, but in order for this to occur, other ‘weaker’ members of society must be sacrificed, according to some researchers. The goal of eugenics, in its simplest form, is to increase the genetic quality of a human population. People and organizations deemed inferior can be rejected or sacrificed for those deemed superior and able to live so that this improvement might occur. As we explained in our AVM analysis titled “Century-Old ‘White Supremacism’ and the Far-Rise Right’s in Sweden: A Credible Challenge to Progressive Values and Policies” published two years ago, the Scandinavian eugenics movement reached its zenith prior to the First World War and became operational during the 1930s and 1940s. Between 1934 and 1976, Sweden was the only country with a national eugenics society and employed sterilization regulations. The initial Swedish sterilisation statute went into effect in 1935 and was expanded in 1941. A Swedish government commission was established in 1997 to investigate sterilization operations from 1935 to 1975. According to international press accounts, Sweden’s present plan to combat the spread of the coronavirus is supported by the people at large. Time will tell if this strategy, which is pursued at the expense of vulnerable individuals (particularly the elderly), is worthwhile. Even if this technique currently supports Sweden’s interests, it will undoubtedly be subject to severe ethical objections in the future, similar to Sweden’s past eugenics activities.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/zb2jn/" target="_blank">Sweden’s Coronavirus Fight Strategy And Bitter Memories Of Past Eugenic Practices</a>
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<li><strong>Prediction of Long COVID Based on Severity of Initial COVID-19 Infection: Differences in predictive feature sets between hospitalized versus non-hospitalized index infections</strong> -
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Long COVID is recognized as a significant consequence of SARS-COV2 infection. While the pathogenesis of Long COVID is still a subject of extensive investigation, there is considerable potential benefit in being able to predict which patients will develop Long COVID. We hypothesize that there would be distinct differences in the prediction of Long COVID based on the severity of the index infection, and use whether the index infection required hospitalization or not as a proxy for developing predictive models. We divide a large population of COVID patients drawn from the United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) Data Enclave Repository into two cohorts based on the severity of their initial COVID-19 illness and correspondingly trained two machine learning models: the Long COVID after Severe Disease Model (LCaSDM) and the Long COVID after Mild Disease Model (LCaMDM). The resulting models performed well on internal validation/testing, with a F1 score of 0.94 for the LCaSDM and 0.82 for the LCaMDM. There were distinct differences in the top 10 features used by each model, possibly reflecting the differences in type and amount of pathophysiological data between the hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients and/or reflecting different pathophysiological trajectories in the development of Long COVID. Of particular interest was the importance of Plant Hardiness Zone in the feature set for the LCaMDM, which may point to a role of climate and/or sunlight in the progression to Long COVID. Future work will involve a more detailed investigation of the potential role of climate and sunlight, as well as refinement of the predictive models as Long COVID becomes increasingly parsed into distinct clinical phenotypes.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.16.23284634v2" target="_blank">Prediction of Long COVID Based on Severity of Initial COVID-19 Infection: Differences in predictive feature sets between hospitalized versus non-hospitalized index infections</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Digital Tools to Expand COVID-19 Testing in Exposed Individuals in Cameroon</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: Digital based contact tracing<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation;   Find<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluation of the Outcome of COVID-19 Patients Discharged Home on Oxygen Therapy</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: Phone satisfaction questionnaire<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Centre Hospitalier René Dubos<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Postural Changes and Severe COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: Postural interventions based on pulmonary imaging<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Wuhan Union Hospital, China<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Chatbot to Enhance COVID-19 Knowledge</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Device: chatbot;   Other: Printed educational booklet<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sun Yat-sen University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Awaken Prone Positioning Ventinlation in COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Procedure: Awaken prone positioning ventilation<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Southeast University, China<br/><b>Enrolling by invitation</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study of SHEN26 Capsule in Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: SHEN26 dose 1;   Drug: SHEN26 dose 2;   Drug: SHEN26 placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Shenzhen Kexing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Bright Light Therapy for Post-COVID-19 Fatigue</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Post COVID-19 Condition<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Device: Bright light therapy;   Device: Dim red light therapy<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Chinese University of Hong Kong<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study on the Safety and Efficacy of Meplazumab for Injection Patients COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Meplazumab foe injection;   Other: Normal saline<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Jiangsu Pacific Meinuoke Bio Pharmaceutical Co Ltd<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study on the Safety and Efficacy of Meplazumab for Injection in Severe Patients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Meplazumab for injection;   Other: Normal saline<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Jiangsu Pacific Meinuoke Bio Pharmaceutical Co Ltd<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Phase 2 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of QLS1128 Orally in Symptomatic Participants With Mild to Moderate COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: QLS1128;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Oropharyngeal Immunoprophylaxis With High Polyphenolic Olive Oil as Clinical Spectrum Mitigating Factor in COVID-19.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Dietary Supplement: High polyphenolic olive oil. (Early harvest olive oil).<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Hospital General Nuestra Señora del Prado<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Randomized, Phase I Study of DNA Vaccine OC-007 as a Booster Dose of COVID-19 Vaccine</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19 Respiratory Infection;   COVID-19 Vaccine Adverse Reaction<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: DNA vaccine OC-007;   Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Matti Sällberg<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of FB2001 for Inhalation in Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Mild to Moderate COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: FB2001;   Drug: FB2001 placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Frontier Biotechnologies Inc.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>UC-MSCs in the Treatment of Severe and Critical COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Mesenchymal Stem Cell;   COVID-19 Pneumonia<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells;   Drug: paxlovid<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Shanghai East Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study of Positive Emotions With Long COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: Microdosing of mindfulness<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University of California, Davis<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Altered host protease determinants for SARS-CoV-2 Omicron</strong> - Successful severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection requires proteolytic cleavage of the viral spike protein. While the role of the host transmembrane protease serine 2 in SARS-CoV-2 infection is widely recognized, the involvement of other proteases capable of facilitating SARS-CoV-2 entry remains incompletely explored. Here, we show that multiple members from the membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase (MT-MMP) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase families can…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Gymnema Sylvestre extract rescue acute respiratory distress syndrome in rats via modulating the NF-κB/MAPK pathway</strong> - Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is one of the major causes of mortality in COVID-19 patients, due to limited therapeutic options. This prompted us to explore natural sources to mitigate this condition. Gymnema Sylvestre (GS) is an ancient medicinal plant known to have various therapeutic effects. This investigation examined the therapeutic effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Gymnema Sylvestre (HAEGS) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury and ARDS in in vitro and in vivo…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>In Vitro Antiviral Evaluations of Coldmix<sup>®</sup>: An Essential Oil Blend against SARS-CoV-2</strong> - Coldmix^(®) is a commercially available Eucalyptus aetheroleum and, Abies aetheroleum blend for medicinal applications. In this present study, the in vitro antiviral potential of Coldmix^(®), and its major constituents 1,8-cineole and α-pinene were evaluated by using the in vitro ACE2 enzyme inhibition assay as well as the direct contact test against SARS-CoV-2. The observed ACE2 enzyme inhibitory activity of Coldmix^(®), 1,8-cineole, and α-pinene were 72%, 88%, and 80%, respectively; whereas in…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Increased mTOR Signaling and Impaired Autophagic Flux Are Hallmarks of SARS-CoV-2 Infection</strong> - The COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), severely affects mainly individuals with pre-existing comorbidities. Here our aim was to correlate the mTOR (mammalian/mechanistic Target of Rapamycin) and autophagy pathways with the disease severity. Through western blotting and RNA analysis, we found increased mTOR signaling and suppression of genes related to autophagy, lysosome, and vesicle fusion in Vero E6 cells infected…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Potential of Stilbene Compounds to Inhibit M<sup>pro</sup> Protease as a Natural Treatment Strategy for Coronavirus Disease-2019</strong> - COVID-19 disease has had a global impact on human health with increased levels of morbidity and mortality. There is an unmet need to design and produce effective antivirals to treat COVID-19. This study aimed to explore the potential ability of natural stilbenes to inhibit the M^(pro) protease, an acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) enzyme involved in viral replication. The binding affinities of stilbene compounds against M^(pro) were scrutinized using molecular docking, prime…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Network pharmacology- and molecular simulation-based exploration of therapeutic targets and mechanisms of heparin for the treatment of sepsis/COVID-19</strong> - Critically infected patients with COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) are prone to develop sepsis-related coagulopathy as a result of a robust immune response. The mechanism underlying the relationship between sepsis and COVID-19 is largely unknown. LMWH (low molecular weight heparin) exhibits both anti-inflammatory and anti-coagulating properties that result in a better prognosis of severely ill patients with COVID-19 co-associated with sepsis-induced coagulopathy or with a higher D-dimer…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 mRNA vaccine immunogenicity decay and breakthrough illness in adolescents and young adults with childhood-onset rheumatic diseases</strong> - CONCLUSION: Over half of AYAs with cRDs had a significant drop in SARS-CoV-2 nAb at 6-month despite an initial robust humoral response. JIA and aTNF usage are predictors of a faster decay rate.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SURFing SARS-CoV-2 inhibition</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Com probe implemented STexS II greatly enhances specificity in SARS-CoV-2 variant detection</strong> - The initial introduction of utilizing double helix structural oligonucleotides known as SNP typing with excellent specificity (STexS) in a standard PCR greatly improved the detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) by enhancing amplification rates of primer-matching strands and interrupting mismatched strands by constant instability of kinetics regarding alignment attaching and detaching. The model was beneficial overall in detecting SNP variants consisting of large amounts of wildtype…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Characterization of RNA G-quadruplexes in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus genome and the antiviral activity of G-quadruplex ligands</strong> - Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), an enteropathogenic coronavirus, has catastrophic impacts on the global pig industry. However, there are still no anti-PEDV drugs with accurate targets. G-quadruplexes (G4s) are non-canonical secondary structures formed within guanine-rich regions of DNA or RNA, and have attracted great attention as potential targets for antiviral strategy. In this study, we reported two putative G4-forming sequences (PQS) in S and Nsp5 genes of PEDV genome based on…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Thorectidiol A Isolated from the Marine Sponge <em>Dactylospongia elegans</em> Disrupts Interactions of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor Binding Domain with the Host ACE2 Receptor</strong> - Thorectidiols isolated from the marine sponge Dactylospongia elegans (family Thorectidae, order Dictyoceratida) collected in Papua New Guinea are a family of symmetrical and unsymmetrical dimeric biphenyl meroterpenoid stereoisomers presumed to be products of oxidative phenol coupling of a co-occurring racemic monomer, thorectidol (3). One member of the family, thorectidiol A (1), has been isolated in its natural form, and its structure has been elucidated by analysis of NMR, MS, and ECD data….</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Chicken or Porcine Aminopeptidase N Mediates Cellular Entry of Pseudoviruses Carrying Spike Glycoprotein from the Avian Deltacoronaviruses HKU11, HKU13, and HKU17</strong> - Members of deltacoronavirus (DCoV) have mostly been identified in diverse avian species as natural reservoirs, though the porcine DCoV (PDCoV) is a major swine enteropathogenic virus with global spread. The important role of aminopeptidase N (APN) orthologues from various mammalian and avian species in PDCoV cellular entry and interspecies transmission has been revealed recently. In this study, comparative analysis indicated that three avian DCoVs, bulbul DCoV HKU11, munia DCoV HKU13, and…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Amelioration of Lung Fibrosis by Total Flavonoids of Astragalus via Inflammatory Modulation and Epithelium Regeneration</strong> - Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is identifiable by the excessive increase of mesenchyme paired with the loss of epithelium. Total flavonoids of Astragalus (TFA), the main biologically active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine, Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi), shows outstanding effects on treating pulmonary disorders, including COVID-19-associated pulmonary dysfunctions. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of TFA on treating pulmonary fibrosis and the possible…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Antiviral Potential of Melissa officinalis L.: A Literature Review</strong> - The use of synthetic drugs has increased in recent years; however, herbal medicine is yet more trusted among a huge population worldwide; This could be due to minimal side effects, affordable prices, and traditional beliefs. Lemongrass (Melissa officinalis) has been widely used for reducing stress and anxiety, increasing appetite and sleep, reducing pain, healing wounds, and treating poisonous insect bites and bee stings for a long time. Today, research has shown that this plant can also fight…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Broad-Spectrum Cyclopropane-Based Inhibitors of Coronavirus 3C-like Proteases: Biochemical, Structural, and Virological Studies</strong> - The advent of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, and its worldwide impact on global health, have provided the impetus for the development of effective countermeasures that can be deployed against the virus, including vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Despite these efforts, the current paucity of DAAs has created an urgent need for the creation of an enhanced and diversified portfolio of broadly acting agents with different mechanisms of action that…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>There’s Only One Thing to Call Biden’s New Scandal: Political Malpractice</strong> - And that’s assuming things don’t get worse. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-bidens-washington/theres-only-one-thing-to-call-bidens-new-scandal-political-malpractice">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Why Is Columbia Kicking Out a Beloved Preschool?</strong> - The Red Balloon is part of the university’s progressive history, but it may not have a future. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-education/why-is-columbia-kicking-out-a-beloved-preschool">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Hotter Planet Takes Another Toll on Human Health</strong> - A new hypothesis about heat waves, redlining, and kidney stones. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/a-hotter-planet-takes-another-toll-on-human-health">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Republican Debt-Ceiling Madness Is About to Begin Again</strong> - Holding the debt limit hostage could have dire economic consequences for Americans. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/republican-debt-ceiling-madness-is-about-to-begin-again">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Is Prince Harry’s “Spare” a Political Manifesto?</strong> - His own feelings about the value of the monarchy, he writes, are “complicated.” - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/is-prince-harrys-spare-a-political-manifesto">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Jacinda Ardern is a global icon — but she’s still a politician</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/y8k2jbAbX0gSf2uMJg4809tZjCw=/760x0:6836x4557/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71890422/1457516856.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern announced her resignation on January 19, 2023. | Kerry Marshall/Getty Images
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Ardern led New Zealand through some of its biggest crises, but the country’s political winds are shifting.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YzlJbA">
After nearly six years leading New Zealand, Jacinda Ardern’s tenure as prime minister will come to an end February 7, as her Labour Party <a href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/labour-party-support-reaches-new-low-in-poll/N2RHE26O35FYRMC2AGV5BVB4SQ/">dips in the polls</a> and the country appears poised for a recession.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4vjw5f">
It’s also the end of at least one phase of her international prominence. Ardern didn’t become famous because of New Zealand’s primacy in the international order, but rather because of who she was, and her specific responses to the national and international catastrophes that defined her tenure. She was celebrated for her leadership through <a href="https://www.vox.com/world/2019/3/14/18266624/christchurch-mosque-shooting-new-zealand-gunman-what-we-know">a white supremacist mass shooting at two mosques in the city of Christchurch</a>, and through the Covid-19 crisis — two moments that put her in stark contrast to bombastic, autocratic<strong> </strong>leaders like former US President Donald Trump and Brazil’s Jair Bolsonaro, in addition to making her a symbol for young women in leadership.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="O2WWul">
Citing burnout after five and a half years in office, Ardern announced Thursday that she would step down prior to the end of her term and wouldn’t seek reelection. “I know there will be much discussion in the aftermath of this decision as to what the so-called ‘real’ reason was,” <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/new-zealand-pm-ardern-says-will-not-seek-re-election-2023-01-19/">she told a news conference Thursday</a>. “The only interesting angle you will find is that after going on six years of some big challenges, that I am human.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zmwxFK">
Ardern was not the first woman prime minister in New Zealand’s history, but was the youngest ever PM and gave birth while in office, pushing her further into the international spotlight as a young, feminist leader at a time — at least in many Western countries and the US in particular — when older men seemed to retain their grip on power despite social progress.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="x3T2B4">
But domestic politics, not international acclaim, determine a country’s leadership within a democracy, and Ardern’s Labour Party has plummeted in the polls as the economic fallout from the Covid-19 crisis sets in. New Zealand’s post-Covid economy is pointed toward a recession, and child poverty — one of Ardern’s causes — continues to rise, bringing about dissatisfaction from both the left and the right.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="H0Hafc">
By every conceivable metric, Ardern met the moment during the two major crises that defined her administration, and her gifts for communication, empathy, and collaboration were well-suited to those crises. She remains popular within the Labour Party and was, until recently, more popular than the overall party in public opinion polling. However, as economic circumstances change and New Zealanders are eager to move on from Covid-19, Ardern’s counterpart in the conservative National Party, Christopher Luxon, has been gaining ground in the polls, indicating that the <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-54519628">majority Labour won in 2020</a> could come to an end in October, when Ardern has called for elections.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="z3pf3A">
Though Ardern’s announcement caught international observers by surprise, it was perhaps less of a shock to New Zealanders, Kathy Smits, a professor of politics and international relations at the University of Auckland, told Vox. “The historical example that really comes to my mind, and to a lot of people’s minds, is in Britain after the war — [Winston] Churchill was voted out in 1945. He led Britain through the war and was an incredibly popular prime minister, and yet people were ready for a change,” she said. “I think in this environment, there’s something kind of similar going on there.”
</p>
<h3 id="IXkfdg">
Like many countries around the world, New Zealand is ready for a change
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nV64ac">
Ardern rightly won international plaudits for her response to the <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-53861456">2019 shootings</a> at the Al Noor mosque and Linwood Islamic Center in Christchurch, which killed 51 people. The shooter was <a href="https://www.vox.com/identities/2019/3/15/18267163/new-zealand-shooting-christchurch-white-nationalism-racism-language">an avowed neo-Nazi and white nationalist</a> who used semiautomatic weapons to carry out the slaughter. Ardern immediately connected to the Muslim community and committed the government to <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/new-zealand-mosque-shootings-country-helping-pay-christchurch-shooting-victims-funerals-regardless-immigration-status/">paying funeral costs for victims</a>. Her decisive but emotional and empathetic response projected her onto the international stage early in her leadership; her proposal shortly after the shooting to <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-newzealand-shooting-parliament/new-zealand-votes-to-amend-gun-laws-after-christchurch-attack-idUSKCN1RM0VX">ban semiautomatic weapons</a>, too, demonstrated her ability to act boldly in the public interest.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="K8wkdd">
That was in particularly stark contrast to the US which, despite consistent mass shootings, has largely<strong> </strong><a href="https://www.vox.com/23142734/america-mass-shooting-gun-violence-control">failed to enact meaningful policy change</a>, barring <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/6/23/23180893/senate-gun-control-bipartisan-bill-2022-pass">a bill of tailored reforms passed last year</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="I8BTdf">
“The thing that Jacinda is really, really great about is communication — kind of the symbolic dimensions of leadership, bringing people together. She’s really good at that,” Smits said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="prfusN">
But as important as Ardern’s global profile is, there’s no getting around the hard facts of domestic democratic politics. Inflation continues to batter economies across the globe; in New Zealand, that’s playing out in particular in the housing market. Many New Zealanders make their income through real estate — owning and renting properties. But skyrocketing housing prices, Smits explained, combined with high interest rates, have crippled that sector of New Zealand’s economy and helped push the country toward a recession. It’s also squeezed the housing market, making <a href="https://www.economist.com/asia/2022/02/12/new-zealands-housing-crisis-is-worsening">affordable housing difficult for many New Zealanders to find</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zoZHAN">
Ardern also failed to make significant headway on <a href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/child-poverty-in-nz-report-says-severe-deprivation-for-60000-remains/LJ3NF7D6G5VW6TD2KTFSDOYVOE/">child poverty in New Zealand</a>, which is among the highest in the Western world. “It’s really at quite shocking levels,” Smits said, <a href="https://www.childpoverty.org.nz/#:~:text=In%202020%2F21%20one%20in,European%20children%20(10.9%25).">particularly among Māori and Pacific populations</a>. Though Ardern’s administration managed to decrease the percentage of children in poverty marginally during her tenure, critics argue that the government <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-54444643">didn’t go nearly far enough</a>, especially given that it was one of her <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/may/22/jacinda-arderns-budget-made-progress-on-poverty-but-its-not-mission-accomplished">major policy issues</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sRW5Q0">
Furthermore, New Zealand has a fairly low tax rate, despite that taxes or some form of income are needed to fund social programs like the kinds that would help alleviate childhood poverty. But Ardern’s party refused to implement capital gains taxes on income — with Ardern saying that <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-newzealand-politics-taxation/new-zealand-pm-ardern-surprises-with-decision-against-capital-gains-tax-idUSKCN1RT07O">such a tax hike would never occur under her leadership</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RCynAK">
Those domestic issues have made Labour vulnerable from both the right and the left; more progressive politicians and voters are disappointed with the party’s inability to make real and significant headway on social issues — in part because the government refused to take necessary measures to raise money that would support social programs, Smits said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Rv9aaL">
But perhaps more than a defeat for Labour, the next elections could be more of a return to form for New Zealand’s Parliament, which operates on a <a href="https://www.govt.nz/browse/engaging-with-government/government-in-new-zealand/">mixed member proportional system</a>. That means any one party is unlikely to get a clear, overwhelming majority of seats, requiring coalition government.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9OUQI2">
And after several years of crisis within the National Party, opposition leader <a href="https://theconversation.com/luxon-takes-the-controls-can-the-former-air-nz-ceo-make-national-straighten-up-and-fly-right-172767">Christopher Luxon</a> seems to have strengthened his party’s position sufficiently to pull in some Labour defectors, Smits said, although it’s too early to tell what the outcome of the next election will be.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9dwbOG">
It’s not just New Zealand that’s ready for a change; Brazil’s Bolsonaro was ousted by former President Luiz Inacio “Lula” da Silva last year. In Italy, the far-right Giorgia Meloni replaced technocratic Prime Minister Mario Draghi last year, and in 2021 longtime German Chancellor Angela Merkel stepped down after 16 years in power.
</p>
<h3 id="Evs0OS">
Ardern’s impact is significant and will likely outweigh her government’s inadequacies
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="v6BQHb">
Western feminists have embraced Ardern, and rightly so, as a politician who balances power with compassion; a woman who had a baby while also guiding her country through some of the most challenging years in recent memory.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2yjqe6">
Leaders like <a href="https://twitter.com/HillaryClinton/status/1616115224452685824">Hillary Clinton</a>, World Health Organization Director-General <a href="https://twitter.com/DrTedros/status/1616203546327945216">Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus</a>, and former Australian Prime Minister <a href="https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/transcript-of-julia-gillards-speech-20121010-27c36.html">Julia Gillard</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/JuliaGillard/status/1615954991705128960">tweeted</a> in support of Ardern and the impact of her time in office, with Gillard saying, “Her example has been a shining light to many, especially women.”
</p>
<div id="fYUeS7">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
.<a href="https://twitter.com/jacindaardern?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw"><span class="citation" data-cites="jacindaardern">@jacindaardern</span></a> showed the world a new style of leadership by deciding to foreground kindness and empathy. Her example has been a shining light to many, especially women. I congratulate her on all she has achieved to date and wish her well in this next phase of her life.
</p>
— Julia Gillard (<span class="citation" data-cites="JuliaGillard">@JuliaGillard</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/JuliaGillard/status/1615954991705128960?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">January 19, 2023</a>
</blockquote></div></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rr2tlw">
Ardern’s symbolic impact, in addition to her leadership, will likely be a major part of her legacy. Ardern took her child, <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/25/jacinda-ardern-makes-history-with-baby-neve-at-un-general-assembly">Neve, to a United Nations General Assembly meeting in 2018</a>, when she was just three months old — making history in the process. She was the first elected leader to give birth in office since <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44568537">Benazir Bhutto</a> did the same in 1990, and only the second ever to do so.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="l61SPi">
Ardern’s style, too, is a marked shift not only from the machismo of autocratic leaders like Trump and Bolsonaro, but the often-combative nature of politics generally, as Richard Shaw, a politics professor at Massey University in New Zealand, <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/jacinda-ardern-resigns-new-zealand-prime-minister-mother-icon-rcna66485">told NBC Thursday</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pw1FYh">
“I think what she offered to the world actually was a model for doing democratic politics that does not rely upon abusing other people,” Shaw said. “She never uses the term ‘enemy’ to describe anybody.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jNYep4">
Though it’s probably not the driving force behind her resignation, Shaw said, that particular leadership style had also fixated<strong> </strong>“the political right, and the misogynists in particular, and the anti-vaxxers and the fringe dwellers in our political community” on Ardern.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rN9rfh">
It’s impossible to know just what Ardern’s legacy will be, but her power as a symbol not just of a successful leader — who is also a woman and a mother — had arguably the same effect as former President Barack Obama’s election as America’s first Black president. Both set a new standard for progress, even if their domestic policies didn’t live up to progressive ideals. But more than just the fact of her being a woman, a mother, and a world leader, she presented a compelling model of how leaders could behave and make decisions, even difficult ones, with clarity and compassion.
</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Why we all need subtitles now</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Actor Pete Davidson saying something, while the on-screen caption reads as a line of question marks." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/EJCWMhdZq-PEfM5iqNoyrksorTY=/240x0:1680x1080/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71889246/VDC_POP_086_THUMB_SYND.0.jpg"/>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
It’s not you — TV dialogue has gotten harder to hear.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VJhG34">
Have you ever been watching a show or movie, and then a character delivers a line so unintelligible you have to scramble to find the remote and rewind? For me, this moment came during the climax of the Pete Davidson film <em>The King of Staten Island</em>, where his most important line was impossible to understand.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kSds7k">
I had to rewind three times — and eventually<em> </em>put subtitles on — to finally pick up what he was saying.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zgiFQz">
This experience isn’t unique. Gather enough people together and you can generally separate them into two categories: People who use subtitles, and people who don’t. And according to a not-so-scientific YouTube poll we ran on our Community tab, the latter category is an endangered species — of respondents who are not deaf or hard of hearing, 57 percent said they use subtitles, while just 12 percent said they generally don’t.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/KF5UgAZ887MTNIS_sp9pPNv1S7I=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24374263/chorus_subtitles.jpg"/>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9EYVNa">
But why do so many of us feel that we need<em> </em>subtitles to understand the dialogue in the things we watch?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gtzVyz">
The answer to that question is complex — and we get straight to the bottom of it in this explainer, with the help of dialogue editor Austin Olivia Kendrick.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YBXxyR">
You can find this video and all of <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLXo7UDZvByw2ixzpQCufnA"><strong>Vox’s videos on YouTube</strong></a>.
</p></li>
<li><strong>5 myths about gas stoves, the latest culture war clash</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/68XRZ_pag4Nr7FayeIQ9Xu6DIPs=/275x0:4726x3338/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71887465/1243910386.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
One of the problem pollutants that come from a stove burning natural gas is nitrogen dioxide, which causes respiratory issues. | Davide Bonaldo/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Biden isn’t coming for the gas stove.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="v7nghD">
The <a href="https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2023/1/11/23549303/gas-stove-regulation-explained">debate over the future</a> of the gas stove has been going on for years, long before last week, when it turned into a full-fledged culture war.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="CL2VOR">
Public health officials, researchers, and doctors have long been taking note of the <a href="https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/42/6/1724/737113?login=false">abundant research</a> linking pollution from the gas stove to respiratory problems, and the Consumer Product Safety Commission announced in December it was taking a look at the health risks to determine what regulations would be appropriate for the gas stove.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mmUzK3">
But after a member of the CPSC told Bloomberg in an interview last week that “products that can’t be made safe can be banned,” the fervor built quickly. Republicans (and some Democrats) portrayed the commissioner’s remark as a sign that the Biden administration was coming for the gas stove as its next attack on American freedom. And plenty of defenders of the gas stove came out insisting it’s the superior way to cook.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="d3YwiY">
The fracas generated some new myths about gas stove regulation — and perpetuated other long-held misunderstandings. Here’s how to separate fact from fiction.
</p>
<h3 id="EqhPky">
Myth 1: Biden — or federal regulators — want to take your gas stove away
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pZnel3">
The hysteria that ensued when the Consumer Product Safety Commission said it would be taking a closer look at gas stoves could be summed up by a <a href="https://twitter.com/RonnyJacksonTX/status/1612839703018934274?s=20&amp;t=0XxTEOjJOWYoVEmB8SnsCw">tweet</a> from Rep. Ronny Jackson (R-TX). “I’ll NEVER give up my gas stove. If the maniacs in the White House come for my stove, they can pry it from my cold dead hands. COME AND TAKE IT!!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="svLvpd">
Some confusion comes from remarks from CPSC Commissioner Richard Trumka Jr., who told Bloomberg that “any option” is on the table as the independent agency considers the hazards posed by the gas stove: “Products that can’t be made safe can be banned,” he said. The CPSC later <a href="https://www.cpsc.gov/About-CPSC/Chairman/Alexander-Hoehn-Saric/Statement/Statement-of-Chair-Alexander-Hoehn-Saric-Regarding-Gas-Stoves">clarified those remarks</a>: The commission said that there is no ban under consideration, and “the CPSC is looking for ways to reduce related indoor air quality hazards.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LYVzR1">
There are a lot of other options, like requiring range hood ventilation to be sold alongside the gas stove and warning labels, that the commission could consider before an outright ban. And any CPSC regulation for stoves would apply to new products being sold, not those already in people’s homes.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Bks757">
What’s more, it’s not the White House that’s calling all the shots here. The CPSC commissioners are appointed by the president, but otherwise, its regulations are not vetted through the White House, unlike the Environmental Protection Agency’s process. States and cities are also already taking action to minimize the climate and health risks involved with combusting gas indoors.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KBECvb">
The White House has said it <a href="https://apnews.com/article/biden-united-states-government-us-consumer-product-safety-commission-ap-fact-check-texas-2003dcf8d0bee8ddf45080186b2e0c7b">doesn’t support a ban</a>, but it is promoting incentives through the Inflation Reduction Act that help people voluntarily electrify their homes.
</p>
<h3 id="Y7Gi84">
Myth 2: Gas stove hazards are “newfound”
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WHmU2A">
In a <a href="https://www.vance.senate.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/sen-vance-letter-to-commissioner-trumka.pdf">letter</a> to the CPSC’s Trumka, Sen. J.D. Vance (R-OH) calls the gas stove a “newfound ‘hidden hazard’ that rests on limited research.” In another section, Vance says there’s a “lack of compelling evidence.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hTAnqL">
The study that caught national attention <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/1/75">estimated</a> that almost 13 percent of childhood asthma cases in the US are linked to gas stove use, similar to the level caused by secondhand smoke. That study is based on a review of the evidence from 2013, which examined 41 studies from multiple countries, dating as far back as 1977, to conclude that children living in households with gas stoves had a <a href="https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/42/6/1724/737113">42 percent</a> higher risk of currently being diagnosed with asthma and a 24 percent higher risk of being diagnosed with asthma at some point in their life.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1KmqaS">
“Although the effects of gas cooking and indoor NO<sub>2</sub> on asthma and wheeze were found to be relatively small … the public health impact may still be considerable because gas cooking is widespread,” the authors of the 2013 evidence review concluded.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GWogr9">
These studies looked at the impact of gas cooking specifically. But there’s an even longer trail of studies looking at the pollutant nitrogen dioxide, which is emitted by gas stoves, and the damage it does to people exposed to it outdoors. In fact, outdoor NO<sub>2</sub> pollution is regulated by the EPA, which has done its own thorough reviews of <a href="https://www.epa.gov/no2-pollution/timeline-nitrogen-dioxide-no2-national-ambient-air-quality-standards-naaqs#:~:text=The%20official%20level%20of%20the,to%20the%201%2Dhour%20standard.&amp;text=The%20form%20of%20the%201,daily%20maximum%20NO2%20concentrations.">NO<sub>2</sub> risks</a>.
</p>
<h3 id="PCRSBB">
Myth 3: No type of cooking can compare to the gas stove
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AtH5uB">
The idea that gas is vastly superior to all its alternatives is pervasive and is eagerly pushed by both appliance makers and the natural gas industry. Whirlpool, which manufactures both gas and electric, says matter-of-factly on its <a href="https://www.whirlpool.com/blog/kitchen/electric-vs-gas-ranges.html#:~:text=Both%20gas%20and%20electric%20ranges,better%20for%20certain%20baked%20goods.">website</a>, “If you like to make meals that require rapid temperature changes, gas ranges might be the way to go.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XomvdA">
The comparisons between gas and electric are usually comparing apples and oranges: the contemporary gas stove against dated electric stoves. The better modern equivalent is induction, which uses electromagnetic energy that makes the pans themselves a heat source, leaving the actual stovetop relatively cool. These new models come with settings that allow you to cook precisely at a certain temperature and hold that heat, with a lower risk of burns. Other positive reviews note that induction stoves are easier to clean and can boil water faster than gas stoves.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kXPIHG">
Chefs are also more split on induction versus gas than the public realizes. In a Vox interview, Jon Kung, a Detroit-based chef, <a href="https://www.vox.com/22744866/tiktok-food-star-gas-stoves-induction">noted</a> that he prefers induction because it improves his indoor air quality and heat in the home. He also noted you can use woks with it, a common complaint about switching away from gas. Sierra magazine has talked to other chefs who <a href="https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/2022-1-spring/notes-here-there/chefs-turn-gas-and-light-induction-cooktops">prefer induction</a>. “For me, it was an economic no-brainer,” chef Michael Godlewski said on opening an all-induction restaurant in Pittsburgh in spring 2022 called EYV (Eat Your Veggies). “They asked me where I wanted the gas line, and I said, ‘Nowhere.’”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SuYBYq">
An induction range is expensive; it can run you in the thousands of dollars. But the cost is coming down. One program some households may qualify for is the Inflation Reduction Act’s kitchen appliance tax credits and rebates. The <a href="https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/frequently-asked-questions-about-energy-efficient-home-improvements-and-residential-clean-energy-property-credits">25C tax credits</a> cover a range of energy-efficient products in the home, including an induction range. It allows you to deduct 30 percent of the costs of electrical work on the house (up to $1,200). Later this year, there will be rebates available, too, under the<a href="https://www.energy.gov/scep/home-energy-rebate-programs-frequently-asked-questions"> High-Efficiency Electric Home Rebate Program</a>. Households making up to 150 percent of the local median income will lower the upfront costs of the appliance and installation. Lower-income households (below 80 percent of the median income) can have all their costs covered under the program.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="J87Ym2">
In the meantime, households that don’t want to wait or don’t qualify could also opt for a <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/reviews/best-portable-induction-cooktop/">portable plug-in induction stovetop</a>, which costs much less and is renter-friendly.
</p>
<h3 id="yLeHyp">
Myth 4: Most of America uses gas stoves
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yJATgD">
Gas stoves are common but not ubiquitous. Per the Energy Information Administration, on average, 38 percent of the country uses gas for cooking, or about 40 million stoves. But those numbers vary widely depending on where you are. New York, New Jersey, Illinois, and California have the highest rates of gas stoves in the country, over 60 percent. <a href="https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=53439">Southeastern states</a> have some of the lowest rates in the country, under 20 percent.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dbJDpD">
Sen. Joe Manchin (D-WV) reacted to the CPSC uproar by <a href="https://twitter.com/sen_joemanchin/status/1612903995605147649">tweeting</a>, “I can tell you the last thing that would ever leave my house is the gas stove that we cook on.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xqDhbR">
Manchin himself may have a gas stove, but many in his state do not. In fact, a survey from the <a href="https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2020/state/pdf/State%20Appliances.pdf">EIA</a> in 2020 found that a quarter of West Virginia residents have a gas cooking appliance, while 73 percent use electric.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7Y8X1R">
The consequences of gas appliances aren’t also evenly distributed. Children, who have smaller lungs, are at higher risk of developing complications from NO<sub>2</sub>, and so are older adults and people with preexisting health conditions. Another risk factor is if a person is already exposed to other pollution sources in addition to the stove. They might live near a highway, an industrial site, or even in an area with concentrated gas appliances all venting outside, so they are breathing dirty air both outside and indoors.
</p>
<h3 id="ZhI7xl">
Myth 5: As long as you use ventilation, the risks don’t matter
</h3>
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The American Gas Association’s website emphasizes that with ventilation like a <a href="https://www.aga.org/research-policy/resource-library/cooking-with-gas-indoor-air-quality-and-residential-gas-ranges/">working range hood</a>, the gas stove is not a problem for indoor air quality. The Wall Street Journal editorial board <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/biden-is-coming-for-your-gas-stove-consumer-product-safety-commission-richard-trumka-environmental-protection-agency-11673303864">echoed</a> this: “Studies flogged by the climate left don’t account for the effects of ventilation. One even sealed a test kitchen in plastic tarps in an effort to show that gas stoves increase pollution.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xxjCjw">
Ventilating the kitchen is the only solution we have to lessening exposure to pollutants when the stove or oven is on. But in practice, some hoods don’t vent the air outdoors but rather recirculate it inside, or people may be in a small space where pollution builds more quickly. Some issues are behavioral — like people not even using the hood they have, by neglecting to turn it on. Some of the problem is that not all hoods are capable of filtering out NO<sub>2 </sub>levels. As journalist <a href="https://www.distilled.earth/p/ventilation-isnt-enough-to-make-gas">Michael Thomas explained</a>, range hoods don’t always perform well in the real world. Studies, like at <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22044446/">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)</a> found that code-compliant hoods in California still captured just about half of NO<sub>2 </sub>pollution.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mPAm5K">
More recent <a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/1/27/22902490/gas-stoves-methane-climate-pollution-health-off">research from LBNL</a> found that a gas stove can also be<a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/1/27/22902490/gas-stoves-methane-climate-pollution-health-off"> leaking methane</a>, a greenhouse gas, even when the appliance is shut off. Inside the home, the level of methane is probably low enough that the researchers don’t consider these leaks to be a health threat. But methane is also a larger problem, not just for its climate risks but because it contributes to ground-level ozone that harms human health.
</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Little Minister and Mighty Wings catch the eye</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mirra, Adjustment, Silvarius, Peyo, Alcides Synergy and Polished Girl shine</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Djokovic battles past Dimitrov to stay on course at Australian Open</strong> - Djokovic aggravated his hamstring during his run to a 92nd title at the Adelaide International this month and has been struggling with it since.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>With focus on grassroots, Dilip Tirkey hopes to build players and facilities for the future</strong> - The Hockey India president believes taking infrastructure to the youth, instead of the other way round, age-group events and monitoring is key to a strong sporting base</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>WFI rejects wrestlers' allegations of sexual harassment by president</strong> - Sexual harassment allegations were made by renowned wrestlers like Vinesh Phogat, Bajrang Punia, Sakshi Malik and Ravi Dahiya against WFI president Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ignite Kollam investment meet on January 28</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Tapioca, fish on Kerala’s Cotton Hill school midday meal menu</strong> - Additions to menu served to nearly 1,100 students on Friday</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Exposure tour: Tamil Nadu delegation visits Dalit Bandhu units in Huzurabad constituency</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>WFI rejects wrestlers' allegations of sexual harassment by president</strong> - Sexual harassment allegations were made by renowned wrestlers like Vinesh Phogat, Bajrang Punia, Sakshi Malik and Ravi Dahiya against WFI president Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pyramid-like Ahom burial mounds in Assam to be India’s nomination for UNESCO World Heritage Site tag</strong> - Prime Minister Narendra Modi chose Charaideo Maidam from among 52 tentative sites across the country, Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma said</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: ‘Frank’ talks as Ukraine pushes Germany for tanks</strong> - Pressure mounts on Berlin to send Kyiv Leopard tanks, a powerful defence against Russian forces.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>France’s Macron proposes big rise in defence budget</strong> - France’s president details plans for a seven-year budget of €413bn to transform its armed forces.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Andrew Tate: Romania court extends police detention for influencer and brother</strong> - The influencer and his brother Tristan will stay in custody until 27 February, a court rules.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The cycle-mad city in Finland that doesn’t stop for snow</strong> - Oulu in northern Finland has snow on the ground for five months - but that doesn’t stop residents using their bikes.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Australian Open 2023 results: Daniil Medvedev out, Stefanos Tsitsipas through to fourth round</strong> - Daniil Medvedev suffers a shock defeat by Sebastian Korda at the Australian Open as top players continue to fall in the men’s draw.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Musk testifies in fraud trial, points out that not everyone believes what he says</strong> - Musk denies impact on Tesla stock price in case over false “funding secured” tweet. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1911612">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>US school runs lights 24/7/365: The smart lights have been broken since 2021</strong> - “We’ve been doing everything we can to fix this,” says school official. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1911551">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>300+ models of MSI motherboards have Secure Boot turned off. Is yours affected?</strong> - The shortcoming has left users susceptible to malicious bootloaders for 18 months. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1911594">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>FTC: Shkreli may have violated lifetime pharma ban, should be held in contempt</strong> - Shkreli’s latest company, Druglike, may run afoul of his lifetime pharma ban. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1911591">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Supreme Court allows Reddit mods to anonymously defend Section 230</strong> - Mods tell SCOTUS that Reddit’s special formula depends on Section 230 immunity. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1911531">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Everyone asked a 100-year-old man and his 98-year-old wife for their health secrets.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The old man said “I’ll tell you my secret. I’ve been married for 75 years. I promised my wife when we got married that when we quarrel, the loser has to walk for 5 kilometres. So I’ve been walking 5 kilometres every day for past 75 years! Everyone applauded and asked again”But how come your wife is very healthy as well?" The old man answered “That is another secret. For 75 years every single day she has been following me to make sure I really walk the full 5 kilometres!”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Gaphumbala"> /u/Gaphumbala </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/10gzrlf/everyone_asked_a_100yearold_man_and_his_98yearold/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/10gzrlf/everyone_asked_a_100yearold_man_and_his_98yearold/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A koala bear is smoking a blunt in a tree</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A lizard comes along and says “what are you doing?”. The koala bear says “I’m getting high man”. The lizard responds “what do you mean?”…. Rather than explain it to the lizard the koala bear convinces him to partake of the blunt.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Shortly after partaking, the lizard says to the koala “dude my mouth is so dry. I gotta get some water”….so the lizard goes down to the river to get a drink and accidentally falls in. A crocodile sees this happen and goes “what’s going on with you?!”. The lizard tries to explain what he just did to get cottonmouth but instead says “look just go ask that koala in that tree over there.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
So the crocodile gets out of the river, walks over to the tree, looks up and says “hey you!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The koala looks down at the crocodile and says “shittttttt man. How much water did you drink?!?”.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/bsbeatty"> /u/bsbeatty </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/10hlulx/a_koala_bear_is_smoking_a_blunt_in_a_tree/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/10hlulx/a_koala_bear_is_smoking_a_blunt_in_a_tree/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>I was on a blind date with this girl…</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
And I told her being funny is the second best way to get a girl into bed She asked “What’s the best way?” I said “a big knife”. She laughed and said “you’re funny”. I said “wise choice”.
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<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Cute_Boi_UwU"> /u/Cute_Boi_UwU </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/10hoqhv/i_was_on_a_blind_date_with_this_girl/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/10hoqhv/i_was_on_a_blind_date_with_this_girl/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Papa Bear and Mama Bear are getting a divorce</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
You know Goldilocks and the 3 bears? Well mama bear and papa bear are getting a divorce. In court they bring in baby bear. The judge puts baby bear on the stand and asks him who he’d like to live with?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Well not papa bear he beats me,” says baby bear.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“So mama bear?” asks the Judge.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Oh no she beats me even worse than papa bear,” says baby bear.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“So who would you like to live with?” the Judge asks curiously.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“My grandma bear in Chicago.” says baby bear.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Your grandma bear doesn’t beat you?” asks the Judge?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Oh no the Chicago Bears don’t beat anyone.”
</p>
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<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Cute_Boi_UwU"> /u/Cute_Boi_UwU </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/10gyghx/papa_bear_and_mama_bear_are_getting_a_divorce/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/10gyghx/papa_bear_and_mama_bear_are_getting_a_divorce/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>God took only one rib from men to create women</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Because he knew, if he took a second rib, humanity would die out.
</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/fly_over_32"> /u/fly_over_32 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/10h0r1s/god_took_only_one_rib_from_men_to_create_women/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/10h0r1s/god_took_only_one_rib_from_men_to_create_women/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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