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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Is there a serum proteome signature to predict mortality in severe COVID-19 patients?</strong> -
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Here we recorded serum proteome profiles of 33 COVID-19 patients admitted to respiratory and intensive care units because of respiratory failure. We received, for most patients, blood samples just after admission and at two more later timepoints. We focused on serum proteins different in abundance between the group of survivors and non-survivors and observed that a rather small panel of about a dozen proteins were significantly different in abundance between these two groups. The four structurally and functionally related type-3 cystatins AHSG, FETUB, HRG and KNG1 were all more abundant in the survivors. The family of inter-α-trypsin inhibitors, ITIH1, ITIH2, ITIH3 and ITIH4, were all found to be differentially abundant in between survivors and non-survivors, whereby ITIH1 and ITIH2 were more abundant in the survivor group and ITIH3 and ITIH4 more abundant in the non-survivors. ITIH1/ITIH2 and ITIH3/ITIH4 also did show opposite trends in protein abundance during disease progression. This panel of eight proteins, complemented with a few more, may represent a panel for mortality risk assessment and eventually even for treatment, by administration of exogenous proteins possibly aiding survival. Such administration is not unprecedented, as administration of exogenous inter-α-trypsin inhibitors is already used in the treatment of patients with severe sepsis and Kawasaki disease. The mortality risk panel defined here is in excellent agreement with findings in two recent COVID-19 serum proteomics studies on independent cohorts, supporting our findings. This panel may not be unique for COVID-19, as some of the proteins here annotated as mortality risk factors have previously been annotated as mortality markers in aging and in other diseases caused by different pathogens, including bacteria.
</p>
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.13.21253510v1" target="_blank">Is there a serum proteome signature to predict mortality in severe COVID-19 patients?</a>
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<li><strong>Serum Vitamin D levels are associated with increased COVID-19 severity markers and mortality independent of visceral adiposity</strong> -
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INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. Vitamin D (25-OHD) deficiency has been associated with susceptibility to infectious disease. In this study, the association between COVID-19 outcomes and 25-OHD levels in patients attending a COVID-19 reference center in Mexico City are examined. METHODS: Consecutive patients with confirmed COVID-19 were evaluated. All patients underwent clinical evaluation (including outcomes), laboratory measurements (including 25-OHD) and a thoracic computerized tomography (including the measurement of epicardial fat thickness). Low vitamin D was defined as levels &lt;20ng/mL (&lt;50nmol/L) and severely low (or deficient) 25-OHD as a level ≤12ng/mL (&lt;30nmol/L) RESULTS: Of the 551 patients included, low 25-OHD levels were present in 45.6% and severely low levels in 10.9%. Severely low 25-OHD levels were associated with mortality (HR 2.11, 95%CI 1.24-3.58, p=0.006) but not with critical COVID-19 (OR 0.97, 95%CI 0.94-0.99, p=0.042), adjusted for age, sex, body-mass index and epicardial fat. Using model-based causal mediation analyses the increased risk of COVID-19 mortality conferred by 25-OHD levels was partly mediated by its effect on D-dimer and cardiac ultrasensitive troponins. Notably, increased risk of COVID-19 mortality conferred by low vitamin D levels was independent of BMI and epicardial fat. CONCLUSION: Vitamin D deficiency (≤12ng/mL or &lt;30nmol/L), is independently associated with COVID-19 mortality after adjustment for visceral fat (epicardial fat thickness). Low 25-OHD may contribute to a pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic state, increasing the risk for adverse COVID-19 outcomes.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.12.21253490v1" target="_blank">Serum Vitamin D levels are associated with increased COVID-19 severity markers and mortality independent of visceral adiposity</a>
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<li><strong>Awake prone position in adult nonintubated patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19:A multi-centre feasibility randomized controlled trial</strong> -
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Background: The primary manifestation of Corona Virus Disease -2019 (COVID-19) is acute hypoxic respiratory failure secondary to pneumonia and/or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Prone position has been shown to improve outcomes in ventilated patients with moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. The feasibility and safety of awake prone positioning and its impact on outcomes if any, in non-intubated patients with mild to moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to COVID-19 is unknown. Results of the observational studies published thus far in this pandemic have been conflicting. In this context, we conducted a multi-centre, parallel group, randomised controlled feasibility study on awake prone positioning in non-intubated patients with COVID-19 pneumonia requiring supplemental oxygen. Methods: 60 patients diagnosed with acute hypoxic respiratory failure secondary to COVID -19 pneumonia requiring 4 or more litres of oxygen to maintain a saturation of ≥ 92% were recruited in this study. Thirty patients each were randomised to either standard care or awake prone group. Patients randomised to the standard care were allowed to change their position as per comfort and patients randomized to the prone group were encouraged to self-prone for at least 6 hours a day. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients adhering to the protocol in each group. Secondary outcomes include failure of therapy leading to escalation of respiratory support, number of hours prone, maximum hours of continuous prone positioning in a day, length of stay in ICU, ICU mortality, total number of patients needing intubation and adverse events. Results: In the prone group, 43% (13 out of 30) of patients were able to self-prone for 6 or more hours a day. The median maximum prone duration per session was 2 hours. In the supine group, 47% (14 out of 30) were completely supine and 53% spent some hours in the prone position, but none exceeded 6 hours. There was no significant difference in any of the secondary outcomes between the two groups and there were no adverse events. Interpretation: Awake proning in non-intubated patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure is feasible and safe under clinical trial conditions. The results of our feasibility study will potentially help in the design of larger definitive trials to address this key knowledge gap.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.13.21253499v1" target="_blank">Awake prone position in adult nonintubated patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19:A multi-centre feasibility randomized controlled trial</a>
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<li><strong>Seroprevalence of Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 among Health Care Workers in Kenya</strong> -
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Background Few studies have assessed the seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among Health Care Workers (HCWs) in Africa. We report findings from a survey among HCWs in three counties in Kenya. Methods We recruited 684 HCWs from Kilifi (rural), Busia (rural) and Nairobi (urban) counties. The serosurvey was conducted between 30th July 2020 and 4th December 2020. We tested for IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using ELISA. Assay sensitivity and specificity were 93% (95% CI 88-96%) and 99% (95% CI 98-99.5%), respectively. We adjusted prevalence estimates using Bayesian modeling to account for assay performance. Results Crude overall seroprevalence was 19.7% (135/684). After adjustment for assay performance seroprevalence was 20.8% (95% CI 17.5-24.4%). Seroprevalence varied significantly (p&lt;0.001) by site: 43.8% (CI 35.8-52.2%) in Nairobi, 12.6% (CI 8.8-17.1%) in Busia and 11.5% (CI 7.2-17.6%) in Kilifi. In a multivariable model controlling for age, sex and site, professional cadre was not associated with differences in seroprevalence. Conclusion These initial data demonstrate a high seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 among HCWs in Kenya. There was significant variation in seroprevalence by region, but not by cadre.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.12.21253493v1" target="_blank">Seroprevalence of Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 among Health Care Workers in Kenya</a>
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<li><strong>Diurnal variation in SARS-CoV-2 PCR test results: Test accuracy may vary by time of day</strong> -
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False negative tests for SARS-CoV-2 are common and have important public health and medical implications. We tested the hypothesis that the proportion of positive SARS-CoV-2 real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests varied by time of day, suggesting variation in viral shedding by time of day. Among 30,000 clinical tests performed among symptomatic and asymptomatic patients in the Vanderbilt Affiliated Healthcare Network from March-June 2020, we found evidence for diurnal variation in the proportion of positive SARS-CoV-2 tests, with a peak around 2pm in the afternoon and 2-fold variation over the day. Variation was most pronounced in outpatient and inpatient testing locations. These findings have important implications for public health testing and vaccination strategies.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.12.21253015v1" target="_blank">Diurnal variation in SARS-CoV-2 PCR test results: Test accuracy may vary by time of day</a>
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<li><strong>Engagement with daily testing instead of self-isolating in contacts of confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2.</strong> -
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Abstract Background In December 2020, Public Health England with NHS Test and Trace initiated a pilot study in which close contacts of people with confirmed COVID-19 were given the option to carryout lateral flow device antigen tests at home, as an alternative to self-isolation for 10-14 days. In this study, we evaluated acceptability of and engagement with daily testing, and assessed levels of adherence to the rules relating to behaviour following positive or negative test results. Methods We conducted a service evaluation of a pilot study, involving an online cross-sectional survey offered to adult (&gt; 18 years) contacts of confirmed COVID-19 cases who were invited to participate in seven days of daily testing instead of isolation. We used a comparison group of contacts who were not offered testing and performed self-isolation. Herein, we examine survey responses from a subset of those who took part in the pilot study and who responded to the evaluation questionnaire. Results Acceptability of daily testing was lower among survey respondents who were not offered the option of having it and among people from ethnic minority groups. Overall, 52% of respondents reported being more likely to share details of people that they had been in contact with following a positive test result, if they knew that their contacts would be offered the option of daily testing. Only 2% reported that they would be less likely to provide details of their contacts. On the days that they were trying to self-isolate, 19% of participants reported that they left the house, with no significant demographic group differences. Following a negative test, 13% of respondents reported that they increased their contacts, but most (58%) reported having fewer risky contacts. Conclusions Our data suggest that daily testing is potentially acceptable, and may facilitate sharing contact details of close contacts among those who test positive for COVID-19, and promote adherence to self-isolation. A better understanding is needed of how to make this option more acceptable for all households. The impact of receiving a negative test on behaviour remains a risk that needs to be monitored and mitigated by appropriate messaging. Future research should examine attitudes and behaviour in a context where infection levels are lower, testing is more familiar, much of the population has been vaccinated and restrictions on activity have been reduced.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.13.21253500v1" target="_blank">Engagement with daily testing instead of self-isolating in contacts of confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2.</a>
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<li><strong>COVID-19 Risk Factors and Mortality among Native Americans</strong> -
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BACKGROUND: Academic research on the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 among Native Americans has largely been restricted to particular indigenous groups or reservations. OBJECTIVE: We estimate COVID-19 mortality for Native Americans relative to other racial/ethnic groups and explore how state-level mortality is associated with known risk factors. METHODS: We use the Standard Mortality Ratio (SMR), adjusted for age and county, to estimate COVID-19 mortality by racial/ethnic groups for the U.S. and 10 selected states. The prevalence of risk factors is derived from the American Community Survey and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. RESULTS: The SMR for Native Americans greatly exceeds those for Black and Latino populations and varies enormously across states. There is a strong correlation between the share of Native Americans living on a reservation and the SMR. The SMR for Native Americans is also highly correlated with the income-poverty ratio and the prevalence of multigenerational families, crowded housing, frontline worker status, and health insurance (excluding the Indian Health Service). Risk factors associated with socioeconomic status and co-morbidities are generally more prevalent for Native Americans living on homelands, a proxy for reservation status, than for those living elsewhere. CONCLUSIONS: Most risk factors for COVID-19 are disproportionately high among Native Americans, particularly for those living on homelands. Reservation life appears to increase the risk of COVID-19 mortality. CONTRIBUTION: We assemble and analyze a broader set of COVID-19-related risk factors for Native Americans than previous studies, a critical step toward understanding the exceptionally high COVID-19 death rates in this population.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.13.21253515v1" target="_blank">COVID-19 Risk Factors and Mortality among Native Americans</a>
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<li><strong>All Models Are Useful: Bayesian Ensembling for Robust High Resolution COVID-19 Forecasting</strong> -
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Timely, high-resolution forecasts of infectious disease incidence are useful for policy makers in deciding intervention measures and estimating healthcare resource burden. In this paper, we consider the task of forecasting COVID-19 confirmed cases at the county level for the United States. Although multiple methods have been explored for this task, their performance has varied across space and time due to noisy data and the inherent dynamic nature of the pandemic. We present a forecasting pipeline which incorporates probabilistic forecasts from multiple statistical, machine learning and mechanistic methods through a Bayesian ensembling scheme, and has been operational for nearly 6 months serving local, state and federal policymakers in the United States. While showing that the Bayesian ensemble is at least as good as the individual methods, we also show that each individual method contributes significantly for different spatial regions and time points. We compare our model9s performance with other similar models being integrated into CDC-initiated COVID-19 Forecast Hub, and show better performance at longer forecast horizons. Finally, we also describe how such forecasts are used to increase lead time for training mechanistic scenario projections. Our work demonstrates that such a real-time high resolution forecasting pipeline can be developed by integrating multiple methods within a performance-based ensemble to support pandemic response.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.12.21253495v1" target="_blank">All Models Are Useful: Bayesian Ensembling for Robust High Resolution COVID-19 Forecasting</a>
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<li><strong>Multi-resolution characterization of the COVID-19 pandemic: A unified framework and open-source tool</strong> -
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Amidst the continuing spread of COVID-19, real-time data analysis and visualization remain critical to track the pandemic9s impact and inform policy making. Multiple metrics have been considered to evaluate the spread, infection, and mortality of infectious diseases. For example, numbers of new cases and deaths provide measures of absolute impact within a given population and time frame, while the effective reproduction rate provides a measure of the rate of spread. It is critical to evaluate multiple metrics concurrently, as they provide complementary insights into the impact and current state of the pandemic. We describe a unified framework for estimating and quantifying the uncertainty in the smoothed daily effective reproduction number, case rate, and death rate in a region using log-linear models. We apply this framework to characterize COVID-19 impact at multiple geographic resolutions, including by US county and state as well as by country, demonstrating the variation across resolutions and the need for harmonized efforts to control the pandemic. We provide an open-source online dashboard for real-time analysis and visualization of multiple key metrics, which are critical to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 and make informed policy decisions.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.12.21253496v1" target="_blank">Multi-resolution characterization of the COVID-19 pandemic: A unified framework and open-source tool</a>
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<li><strong>Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 virus and viral RNA on hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces and investigating contamination concentration</strong> -
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The transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is likely to occur through a number of routes, including contact with contaminated surfaces. Many studies have used RT-PCR analysis to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA on surfaces but seldom has viable virus been detected. This paper investigates the viability over time of SARS-CoV-2 dried onto a range of materials and compares viability of the virus to RNA copies recovered, and whether virus viability is concentration dependant. Viable virus persisted for the longest time on surgical mask material and stainless steel with a 99.9% reduction in viability by 124 and 113 hours respectively. Viability of SARS-CoV-2 reduced the fastest on a polyester shirt, with a 99.9% reduction within 2.5 hours. Viability on cotton was reduced second fastest, with 99.9% reduction in 72 hours. RNA on all the surfaces exhibited a one log reduction in genome copy recovery over 21 days. The findings show that SARS-CoV-2 is most stable on non-porous hydrophobic surfaces. RNA is highly stable when dried on surfaces with only one log reduction in recovery over three weeks. In comparison, SARS-CoV-2 viability reduced more rapidly, but this loss in viability was found to be independent of starting concentration. Expected levels of SARS-CoV-2 viable environmental surface contamination would lead to undetectable levels within two days. Therefore, when RNA is detected on surfaces it does not directly indicate presence of viable virus even at high CT values.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.11.435056v1" target="_blank">Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 virus and viral RNA on hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces and investigating contamination concentration</a>
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<li><strong>The causal effect of serum vitamin D concentration on COVID-19 susceptibility, severity and hospitalization traits: a Mendelian randomization study</strong> -
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Background Evidence supporting the role of vitamin D in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic remains controversial. Methods We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to analyze the causal effect of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration on COVID-19 susceptibility, severity and hospitalization traits by using summary-level GWAS data. The causal associations were estimated with inverse variance weighted (IVW) with fixed effects (IVW-fixed) and random effects (IVW-random), MR-Egger, weighted median and MR Robust Adjusted Profile Score (MR.RAPS) methods. We further applied the MR Steiger filtering method, MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) global test and PhenoScanner tool to check and remove single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were horizontally pleiotropic. Results We found no evidence to support the causal associations between the serum 25(OH)D concentration and the risk of COVID-19 susceptibility (IVW-fixed: odds ratio [OR] = 0.9049, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.8197~0.9988, p = 0.0473), severity (IVW-fixed: OR = 1.0298, 95% CI 0.7699~1.3775, p = 0.8432) and hospitalized traits (IVW-fixed: OR = 1.0713, 95% CI 0.8819~1.3013, p = 0.4878) using outlier removed sets at a Bonferroni-corrected p threshold of 0.0167. Sensitivity analyses did not reveal any sign of horizontal pleiotropy. Conclusions Our MR analysis provided precise evidence that genetically lowered serum 25(OH)D concentrations were not causally associated with COVID-19 susceptibility, severity or hospitalized traits. Our study therefore did not provide evidence assessing the role of vitamin D supplementation during the COVID-19 pandemic. High-quality randomized controlled trials are necessary to explore and define the role of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.08.21252901v1" target="_blank">The causal effect of serum vitamin D concentration on COVID-19 susceptibility, severity and hospitalization traits: a Mendelian randomization study</a>
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<li><strong>The efficacy and safety of remdesivir in the treatment of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis</strong> -
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Background: The global total of COVID-19 cases will reach 20 million this week, with 750,000 deaths. It has spread to more than 200 countries and regions around the world. At present, the global pandemic continues to rise and continues to spread worldwide. It is necessary to explore the effective and safe treatment of COVID-19 as soon as possible. Remdesiviras was an antiviral agent with therapeutic potential, but it was still controversial. Objective: Through systematic review and meta-analysis, to evaluate the effect and safety of remdesivir in the treatment of patients with COVID-19, and will provide a reliable reference for the treatment of COVID-19. Methods: We used the following search string: “COVID-19” [Mesh], “remdesivir” [Mesh], “randomized controlled trial” [Mesh]. We used the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms and corresponding keywords to make the search strategy. We searched six databases, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, clinical trials.gov and chictr.org.cn. Data analyses were conducted by using the software Review Manager 5.3 and STATA version 14.0. Results: Our systematic search identified 5 meta-analyses of RCTs, including 1782 patients with COVID-19.The clinical improvement of remdesivir in the treatment of COVID-19 was superior to the placebo-controlled group (relative risk (RR) =1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.07-1.29, p= 0.0009). The following are the Single-Arm Study, Meta-analysis results. The pooled prevalence of clinical improvement significant findings was 62% (95% CI = 59-65%, p=0.00), during treatment of COVID-19 with remdesivir. The incidence rates of Acute kidney injury ,Hepatic enzyme increased , Any serious adverse event were 5% (95%CI=3-7%, p=0.00), 11%(95%CI=5-16%, p=0.00), 22%(95%CI=18-27%, p =0.00), respectively, and the mortality was 13%(95%CI=8-19%, p=0.00), during treatment of COVID-19 with remdesivir. Conclusion: This analysis confirms that remdesivir is effective in the clinical improvement of COVID-19 patients, and the rate of clinical improvement was 62%. In addition, adverse events and mortality should also be paid attention to. Future research should aim that more large-scale studies were needed to confirm the results, to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.12.21253470v1" target="_blank">The efficacy and safety of remdesivir in the treatment of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis</a>
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<li><strong>Rapid review of social contact patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic</strong> -
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Background: Physical distancing measures aim to reduce person-to-person contact, a key driver of transmission of respiratory infections such as SARS-CoV-2. In response to unprecedented restrictions on human contact during the COVID-19 pandemic, a number of studies measured social contact patterns under the implementation of physical distancing measures. This rapid review aims to synthesize empirical data on the changing social contact patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: We conducted a systematic review using PubMed, Medline, Embase and Google Scholar following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We descriptively compared the distribution of contacts observed during the pandemic to pre-COVID data across countries to explore changes in contact patterns during physical distancing measures. Results: We identified 12 studies that reported social contact patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic. The majority of studies (11/12) collected data during the initial mitigation period in the spring of 2020 marked by government-declared lockdowns and the most stringent physical distancing measures. Some studies collected additional data after relaxation of initial mitigation. Most study settings reported a mean of between 2-5 contacts per person per day, a substantial reduction compared to pre-COVID rates which ranged from 7-26 contacts per day in similar settings. This reduction was particularly pronounced for contacts outside of the home. Consequently, levels of assortative mixing by age substantially declined. After relaxation of initial mitigation, mean contact rates subsequently increased but did not return to pre-COVID levels. Increases in contacts post-relaxation were driven by working-age adults. Conclusion: Information on changes in contact patterns during physical distancing measures can guide more realistic representations of contact patterns in mathematical models for SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.12.21253410v1" target="_blank">Rapid review of social contact patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic</a>
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<li><strong>Viral Pneumonia is Associated with Increased Risk and Earlier Development of Post-Inflammatory Pulmonary Fibrosis</strong> -
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Severe inflammatory response, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and death are established serious consequences of the acute phase of severe viral pneumonia. However, the long-term respiratory outcomes of severe viral pneumonia, including its association with pulmonary fibrosis, are less known. Objective: To determine whether viral pneumonia is associated with an increased incidence of post-inflammatory pulmonary fibrosis. Design: We performed two retrospective observational cohort studies using longitudinal hospitalization records from the States of California (2005-2011) and Florida (2009-2015) for the discovery and validation studies, respectively. Patients who were 85-years-old and younger with at least two hospital encounters but without a prior diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis were included. International Classification of Diseases-9 (ICD9) codes of primary and secondary diagnoses and procedures were used to identify the exposure: diagnosis of viral pneumonia; the outcome: incidence of post-inflammatory pulmonary fibrosis [PIPF, ICD9: 515]; and the confounders. Methods: Chronological age was used as the study time scale. Non-parametric Kaplan-Meier (KM) estimator and semiparametric Cox Proportional Hazard modelling were used to assessing the risk of PIPF. P-values &lt; 10-3 were considered significant. Results: Among 9,802,565 patients from California and 8,741,345 patients in Florida cohorts, the prevalence of PIPF was 0.61% and 0.62% over 7 and 6.75 years, respectively. Patients with incident PIPF were older than those without [68(SD: 11) vs. 40(22) years]; among patients with PIPF, those with viral pneumonia diagnosis were younger than those without [63(12) versus 68(11) years]. Incidence of PIPF was higher for those with viral pneumonia diagnosis versus those without [1.6 (CI:1.51-1.69) vs. 0.91 (CI:0.86-0.96)] cases per 1000 person-years in California and in Florida [1.11 (CI:1.06 -1.16) vs, 0.93 (CI:0.89-0.98)]. Viral pneumonia was associated with increased risk of incident PIPF in both California aHR = 1.49 (1.38, 1.61), and Florida aHR of 1.26 (1.20, 1.33) cohorts (Table). Among patients who developed PIPF, the median time to diagnosis was 7.41 (6.16 -8.66) and 4.80 (4.34 - 5.26) years earlier for patients with viral pneumonia versus without in California and Florida cohorts. The association of viral pneumonia was not found for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [ICD9: 516.3]. Our findings suggest that patients hospitalized with viral pneumonia may have long term respiratory sequela that is often overlooked and suggest a need for additional studies focusing on phenotyping susceptible patients. This finding is especially important in light of the current COVID-19 pandemic because viral pneumonia is the most common manifestations of the disease, which could lead to subsequent fibrosis.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.08.21252412v1" target="_blank">Viral Pneumonia is Associated with Increased Risk and Earlier Development of Post-Inflammatory Pulmonary Fibrosis</a>
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<li><strong>Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis</strong> -
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Background: Although the number of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) cases continues to increase globally, there are few studies on the clinical characteristics of children and adolescents with COVID-19. Objective: To conduct a comprehensive systematic evaluation and meta-analysis of the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children and adolescents to better guide the response to the current epidemic. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI (Chinese database), Clinical Trials.gov and chictr.org.cn (China). The methodological quality of the included literature was evaluated using the Quality Assessment Tool for Case Series Studies. Meta-analysis was performed using STATA 14.0. Heterogeneity was assessed by the Q statistic and quantified using I2. We used fixed-effects or random-effects models to pool clinical data in the meta-analysis. Publication bias was evaluated by the Begg9s test. Results: We analyzed 49 studies involving 1627 patients. In the pooled data, the most common clinical symptoms were fever (56% [0.50−0.61]) and cough (45% [0.39−0.51]). The most common laboratory abnormalities were elevated procalcitonin (40% [0.23−0.57]), elevated lactate dehydrogenase (31% [0.19−0.43]), increased lymphocyte count (28% [0.17−0.42]), increased creatine kinase (28% [0.18− 0.40]), and elevated C-reactive protein (26% [0.17−0.36]). The most common abnormalities determined by computed tomography were lower-lobe involvement (56% [0.42- 0.70]), ground-glass opacities (33% [0.25−0.42]), bilateral pneumonia (32% [0.24- 0.40]), patchy shadowing (31% [0.18- 0.45]), and upper lobe involvement (30% [0.20- 0.41]). Conclusion: Disease severity among children and adolescents with COVID-19 was milder than that among adult patients, with a greater proportion of mild and asymptomatic cases, and thus, the diagnosis of COVID-19 and control of the infection source are more challenging.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.12.21253472v1" target="_blank">Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis</a>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Clinical Study in the Treatment of Patients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Molixan;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Pharma VAM<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Diagnostic Performance of the ID Now™ COVID-19 Screening Test Versus Simplexa™ COVID-19 Direct Assay</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Diagnostic Test: ID Now™ COVID-19 Screening Test<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Dose-Ranging Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Melatonin in Outpatients Infected With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Melatonin;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   State University of New York at Buffalo;   National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS)<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Brilacidin in Hospitalized Participants With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Brilacidin;   Drug: Placebo;   Drug: Standard of Care (SoC)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Innovation Pharmaceuticals, Inc.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>DCI COVID-19 Surveillance Project</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Diagnostic Test: SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Assay for Detection of COVID-19 Infection<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Temple University;   Dialysis Clinic, Inc.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Second Generation VIR-7831 Material in Non-hospitalized Participants With Mild to Moderate COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: VIR-7831 (Gen1);   Biological: VIR-7831 (Gen2)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Vir Biotechnology, Inc.;   GlaxoSmithKline<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Corticosteroids for COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Prednisone;   Device: Point of Care testing device for C-reactive protein<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University of Alberta<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effects of Telerehabilitation After Discharge in COVID-19 Survivors</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: Telerehabilitation<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Hacettepe University<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Assess if a Medicine Called Bamlanivimab is Safe and Effective in Reducing Hospitalization Due to COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Bamlanivimab;   Other: Standard of Care<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Fraser Health;   Fraser Health Authrority Department of Evaluation and Research Services;   Surrey Memorial Hospital Foundation;   University of British Columbia;   Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences;   BC Support Unit;   Abcellera;   Surrey Memorial Hospital Clinical Research Unit<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy of Adaptogens in Patients With Long COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Dietary Supplement: ADAPT-232 oral solution;   Other: Placebo oral solution<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Swedish Herbal Institute AB;   National Family Medicine Training Centre, Georgia;   Tbilisi State Medical University;   Phytomed AB<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effectiveness of the Adsorbed Vaccine COVID-19 (Coronavac) Among Education and Law Enforcement Professionals With Risk Factors for Severity</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: Adsorbed SARS-CoV-2 (inactivated) vaccine<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado;   Butantan Institute<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Vaccination of Immunodeficient Persons (COVAXID)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: Comirnaty (COVID-19, mRNA vaccine)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Karolinska University Hospital;   Karolinska Institutet<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Vitamin D3 Levels in COVID-19 Outpatients From Western Mexico</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Dietary Supplement: Vitamin D3<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University of Guadalajara<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Dietary Supplements for COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Vitamin D3 50,000 IU;   Dietary Supplement: Vitamin C/Zinc;   Dietary Supplement: Vitamin K2/D;   Other: Microcrystalline Cellulose Capsule;   Other: Medium Chain Triglyceride Oil<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   The Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine;   Ottawa Hospital Research Institute<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Inhaleen Inhalation in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Device: Carragelose;   Device: NaCl<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Marinomed Biotech AG;   Austian Research Promotion Agency<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ivermectin also inhibits the replication of bovine respiratory viruses (BRSV, BPIV-3, BoHV-1, BCoV and BVDV) in vitro</strong> - Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex is an important viral infection that causes huge economic losses in cattle herds worldwide. However, there is no directly effective antiviral drug application against respiratory viral pathogens; generally, the metaphylactic antibacterial drug applications are used for BRD. Ivermectin (IVM) is currently used as a broad-spectrum anti-parasitic agent both for veterinary and human medicine on some occasions. Moreover, since it is identified as an inhibitor…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Anti-inflammatory effects of amantadine and memantine in SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> - Amantadine and memantine, apart from their action on cholinergic receptors and dopamine secretion, have a significant influence on the inflammatory process, including the so-called “cytokine storm” and reduction of apoptosis and oxidative stress. Amantadine also inhibits the induction of inflammatory factors such as RANTES, activates kinase p38 of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) and c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinases (JNK), which inhibit viral replication. It also significantly inhibits the entry of…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The influence of IFITM3 polymorphisms on susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity of COVID-19</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: In summary, we could not confirm the recently reported influence of polymorphisms in the gene IFITM3 on SARS-CoV-2 infection risk or severity of COVID-19 in a German cohort. Additional studies are needed to clarify the influence of the rs12252 CC genotype on SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and the rs34481144 A-allele on course of COVID-19.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Emetine suppresses SARS-CoV-2 replication by inhibiting interaction of viral mRNA with eIF4E</strong> - Emetine is a FDA-approved drug for the treatment of amebiasis. Previously we demonstrated the antiviral efficacy of emetine against some RNA and DNA viruses. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro antiviral efficacy of emetine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and found it to be a low nanomolar (nM) inhibitor. Interestingly, emetine exhibited protective efficacy against lethal challenge with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV; a chicken coronavirus) in the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ARB-Based Combination Therapy for the Clinical Management of Hypertension and Hypertension-Related Comorbidities: A Spotlight on Their Use in COVID-19 Patients</strong> - Essential hypertension is the most common cardiovascular (CV) risk factor, being primarily involved in the pathogenesis of CV disease and mortality worldwide. Given the high prevalence and growing incidence of this clinical condition in the general population in both high and low-income countries, antihypertensive drug therapies are frequently prescribed in different hypertension-related CV diseases and comorbidities. Among these conditions, evidence are available demonstrating the clinical…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 vaccination and antirheumatic therapy</strong> - The COVID-19 vaccination will be the largest vaccination programme in the history of the NHS. Patients on immunosuppressive therapy will be amongst the earliest to be vaccinated. Some evidence indicates immunosuppressive therapy inhibits humoral response to the influenza, pneumococcal and hepatitis B vaccines. The degree to which this will translate to impaired COVID-19 vaccine responses is unclear. Other evidence suggests withholding methotrexate for two weeks post vaccination may improve…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 pneumonia: do not leave the corticosteroids behind!</strong> - The host inflammatory response is critical in the progression of lung injuries in patients with SARS-CoV-2. Corticosteroids (CS) have been widely used as immunomodulating agents, but the right timing, dosage and type of molecule are unknown. In fact, the early use of CS could facilitate the viral replication but late administration may not prevent the alveolar damage. Nevertheless, a short administration of high doses of CS in the early stage of the inflammatory phase resulted in favorable…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Targeting mesenchymal stem cell therapy for severe pneumonia patients</strong> - Pneumonia is the inflammation of the lungs and it is the world’s leading cause of death for children under 5 years of age. The latest coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus is a prominent culprit to severe pneumonia. With the pandemic running rampant for the past year, more than 1590000 deaths has occurred worldwide up to December 2020 and are substantially attributable to severe pneumonia and induced cytokine storm. Effective therapeutic approaches in addition to the vaccines and drugs under…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Drug Repurposing Screen for Compounds Inhibiting the Cytopathic Effect of SARS-CoV-2</strong> - Drug repurposing is a rapid approach to identify therapeutics for the treatment of emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19. To address the urgent need for treatment options, we carried out a quantitative high-throughput screen using a SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic assay with a compound collection of 8,810 approved and investigational drugs, mechanism-based bioactive compounds, and natural products. Three hundred and nineteen compounds with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities were identified and confirmed,…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Calming the Storm: Natural Immunosuppressants as Adjuvants to Target the Cytokine Storm in COVID-19</strong> - The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global health crisis, with no specific antiviral to treat the infection and the absence of a suitable vaccine to prevent it. While some individuals contracting the SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibit a well coordinated immune response and recover, others display a dysfunctional immune response leading to serious complications including ARDS, sepsis, MOF; associated with morbidity and mortality. Studies revealed that in patients with a dysfunctional immune response,…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing human recombinant antibodies selected from pre-pandemic healthy donors binding at RBD-ACE2 interface</strong> - COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a new recently emerged sarbecovirus. This virus uses the human ACE2 enzyme as receptor for cell entry, recognizing it with the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the S1 subunit of the viral spike protein. We present the use of phage display to select anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies from the human naïve antibody gene libraries HAL9/10 and subsequent identification of 309 unique fully human antibodies against S1. 17 antibodies are…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Metabolomic analyses of COVID-19 patients unravel stage-dependent and prognostic biomarkers</strong> - The circulating metabolome provides a snapshot of the physiological state of the organism responding to pathogenic challenges. Here we report alterations in the plasma metabolome reflecting the clinical presentation of COVID-19 patients with mild (ambulatory) diseases, moderate disease (radiologically confirmed pneumonitis, hospitalization and oxygen therapy), and critical disease (in intensive care). This analysis revealed major disease- and stage-associated shifts in the metabolome, meaning…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Contributions of human ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in determining host-pathogen interaction of COVID-19</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is at present an emerging global public health crisis. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and trans-membrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) are the two major host factors that contribute to the virulence of SARS-CoV-2 and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from animal to human is considered a rare event that necessarily requires strong evolutionary adaptations. Till date no other…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Exploring dynamics and network analysis of spike glycoprotein of SARS-COV-2</strong> - The ongoing pandemic caused by coronavirus SARS-COV-2 continues to rage with devastating consequences on human health and global economy. The spike glycoprotein on the surface of coronavirus mediates its entry into host cells and is the target of all current antibody design efforts to neutralize the virus. The glycan shield of the spike helps the virus to evade the human immune response by providing a thick sugar-coated barrier against any antibody. To study the dynamic motion of glycans in the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Structural analogues of existing anti-viral drugs inhibit SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase: A computational hierarchical investigation</strong> - The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) became a pandemic, resulting in an exponentially increased mortality globally and scientists all over the world are struggling to find suitable solutions to combat it. Multiple repurposed drugs have already been in several clinical trials or recently completed. However, none of them shows any promising effect in combating COVID-19. Therefore, developing an effective drug is an unmet…</p></li>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Peptides and their use in diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU319943278">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A PROCESS FOR SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT OF COVID 19 POSITIVE PATIENTS</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU319942709">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sars-CoV-2 vaccine antigens</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU318283136">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-COV-2 BINDING PROTEINS</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU318004130">link</a></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Gerät zur Unterstützung und Verstärkung natürlicher Lüftung</strong> -
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</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Lüftungssystem für einen mit öffnbaren Fenstern (16) ausgestatteten Gebäuderaum, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass es ein Gehäuse (18) und einen Ventilator (20) aufweist, wobei durch das Gehäuse eine vom Ventilator erzeugte Luftströmung strömen kann, wobei das Gehäuse dafür eine Einströmöffnung (24) für Luft und eine Ausströmöffnung (22) für Luft enthält, wobei eine der beiden Öffnungen der Form eines Öffnungsspalts (26) zwischen einem Fensterflügel (12) und einem Blendrahmen (14) des Fensters (16) angepasst ist.</p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=DE319927546">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Compositions and methods for detecting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU317343760">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>靶向SARS-CoV-2的抗体及其制备方法和应用</strong> - 本发明提供了靶向SARS‑CoV‑2的抗体及其制备方法和应用，该抗体包含VH和VL，所述VH包含以下CDR：氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1、2、3所示的VH CDR1、VH CDR2、VH CDR3；所述VL包含以下的CDR：氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:4、5、6所示的VL CDR1、VL CDR2、VL CDR3。该抗体能够高亲和且特异地结合SARS‑CoV‑2的S蛋白的RBD，抑制RBD蛋白与受体ACE2蛋白的结合，高效地抑制SARS‑CoV‑2感染细胞，同时对潜在的免疫逃逸突变的假病毒具有很好的中和活性，从而可有效应用于SARS‑CoV‑2病毒及相关疾病的诊断、预防和治疗中。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN319687581">link</a></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>UV-Desinfektion von interaktiven Oberflächen</strong> -
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</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Desinfektionsvorrichtung (100, 200A, 200B, 300) zum Desinfizieren einer berührungsintensiven Oberfläche, umfassend: eine EWE-Vorrichtung (110) zum Emittieren von elektromagnetischen Wellen, die dafür konfiguriert ist, elektromagnetische Strahlung innerhalb des ultravioletten Spektrums (UV-Strahlung, 115) zu emittieren; und einer als Lichtleiter dienenden, mindestens teilweise für sichtbares Licht zwischen der vorderen Oberfläche (121) und der hinteren Oberfläche (122, 222) durchlässigen Scheibe (120, 220A, 220B) mit einer vorderen Oberfläche (121) und einer hinteren Oberfläche (122, 222), wobei die EWE-Vorrichtung (110) positioniert ist, um UV-Strahlung (115) in die Scheibe (120, 220A, 220B) zu emittieren, wobei die Scheibe dafür konfiguriert ist, einen Teil der von der EWE-Vorrichtung (110) empfangenen UV-Strahlung (115) in einer verteilten Art und Weise über die vordere Oberfläche (121) zu reflektieren und zu zerstreuen; und die UV-Strahlung, die von der Scheibe (120, 220A, 220B) empfangen und über die vordere Oberfläche (121) verteilt wird, zur Desinfektion der vorderen Oberfläche dient.</p></li>
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<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=DE319927526">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>一种SARS-CoV-2中和抗体的检测方法、检测试剂盒</strong> - 本发明公开了一种SARS‑CoV‑2中和抗体的检测方法、检测试剂盒，属于生物医学检测技术领域。本发明公开的SARS‑CoV‑2中和抗体的检测方法是基于hACE2‑RBD放大的胶乳增强免疫比浊检测法，检测试剂盒包括SARS‑CoV‑2的S蛋白受体结合域RBD标记的第一胶乳微球和人hACE2标记的第二胶乳微球。本发明通过在胶乳微球上标记抗原，放大了检测信号，增加了检测的灵敏度，拓宽了检测范围。本发明不仅能够确定被检测者是否为感染者，还能获知被检测者感染风险。本发明对中和抗体的检测还可用于评价接种SARS‑CoV‑2疫苗后临床效果，对SARS‑CoV‑2疫苗的研发与接种，具有重大意义。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN319687385">link</a></p></li>
<li><strong>Aronia-Mundspray</strong> -
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Anordnung zum Versprühen einer Substanz in die menschliche Mundhöhle und/oder in den Rachen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anordnung eine Sprühflasche mit einer Substanz aufweist, die wenigstens Aroniasaft und eine Alkoholkomponente aufweist.
</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=DE319581893">link</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Who Ordered a Smear Campaign Against Andrew Cuomo’s First Accuser?</strong> - When Lindsey Boylan first publicly accused New York’s governor of sexual harassment, in December, damaging government documents about her were leaked to the press. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-local-correspondents/who-ordered-a-smear-campaign-against-andrew-cuomos-first-accuser">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>L.A.’s Disorganized Vaccination Rollout and the Dream of Universal Health Care</strong> - The failures to reach the hardest hit populations are another reminder of how the system neglects so many. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/dispatch/las-disorganized-vaccination-rollout-and-the-dream-of-universal-health-care">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Biden Has Few Good Options for the Unaccompanied Children at the Border</strong> - The new Administration is coming under fire for a policy it says protects young migrants. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/why-biden-has-few-good-options-at-the-border">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Why Learning Pods Might Outlast the Pandemic</strong> - It’s possible to imagine home schools becoming like sidewalk dining—an experiment that sticks. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-education/why-learning-pods-might-outlast-the-pandemic">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Story of the Comfort Women, in Korean and Japanese</strong> - Why The New Yorker translated its recent report on a battle over history, accountability, and the legacy of the Second World War. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-story-of-the-comfort-women-in-korean-and-japanese">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Activists mark the anniversary of Breonna Taylor’s killing with demands for justice</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="About 100 people stand in a circle; in the middle are signs with messages like “Protect Black Children” and “Change Corrupt Police” along with dozens of bouquets. In the foreground, a Black protester whose back is to the camera raises a fist." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/0qN4Xbs2XmqW6IcxdBeYg3sTyqE=/693x0:6240x4160/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/68961802/GettyImages_1231692419.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Supporters gather in Louisville, Kentucky to honor Breonna Taylor — and to demand police reform. | Jeffrey Dean/AFP/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Activists gathered in Louisville, and called for police reform.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="G6nSdn">
The one-year anniversary of <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/9/24/21454089/breonna-taylor-protests-louisville">the police killing of Breonna Taylor</a> was on Saturday, and activists, lawmakers, and Taylor’s family spent it by renewing calls for criminal justice reform.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MLOcrK">
In Louisville, Kentucky, members of Taylor’s family and community activists <a href="https://www.wlky.com/article/live-breonna-taylor-family-community-activists-address-supporters-on-1-year-mark-of-deadly-raid/35829032">convened a rally</a> to mark the anniversary of Taylor’s death and to call for accountability for the officers involved in her shooting. Hundreds of demonstrators chanted Taylor’s name, <a href="https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/local/2021/03/11/breonna-taylor-death-anniversary-live-updates-louisville-events/4643266001/">reportedly shouting</a>, “You can’t stop the revolution.”
</p>
<div id="43za6K">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
ICYMI: Here’s a look back at the hundreds who made their way back out to downtown <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Louisville?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Louisville</a> to mark a year since the deadly shooting of <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/BreonnaTaylor?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#BreonnaTaylor</a>. <a href="https://t.co/xj9ZV9aLta">https://t.co/xj9ZV9aLta</a> <a href="https://t.co/OQbx98bg3J">pic.twitter.com/OQbx98bg3J</a>
</p>
— WLKY (<span class="citation" data-cites="WLKY">@WLKY</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/WLKY/status/1370860718354993154?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">March 13, 2021</a>
</blockquote></div></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="athqpq">
Taylor, a 26-year-old EMT, was killed in her home in Louisville on March 13, 2020, after three white police officers forced entry into her home using a “no-knock” warrant as part of a narcotics raid, looking for a suspect who no longer resided at Taylor’s address.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lOTyze">
Officers opened fire after Taylor’s boyfriend — a legal gun owner who said he did not know the people forcing their way into the apartment were police — fired one shot in self-defense. Taylor was shot six times and killed.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0sm2O7">
Taylor — along with George Floyd, who was <a href="https://www.vox.com/identities/2020/5/27/21271667/george-floyd-death-police-kneed-in-the-neck">killed by a police officer in Minneapolis about two months later</a> — became an emblem of the racialized and excessively violent nature of law enforcement in the US. Her name, and the chant “Say her name,” were rallying cries at protests that swept across the United States in the summer of 2020 and triggered a broader cultural reckoning with racism in American life.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FlvqPQ">
While the city of Louisville reached a <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/9/15/21437956/louisville-breonna-taylor-settlement">$12 million settlement</a> with Taylor’s family in September 2020, <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/9/24/21454089/breonna-taylor-protests-louisville">none of the officers involved in the botched raid were charged with her death.</a> Taylor’s boyfriend, Kenneth Walker, initially faced an attempted murder charge for the shot he fired the night of her death, which is believed to have hit an officer in the leg. Those charges were dropped in May 2020, but only <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/judge-permanently-ends-criminal-case-against-breonna-taylor-s-boyfriend-n1260045?cid=sm_npd_nn_tw_ma">permanently dismissed</a> last Monday.
</p>
<h3 id="jKOCUg">
Taylor’s family — and Democratic lawmakers — are calling for reforms
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ApfSQj">
On Friday Walker <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/kenneth-walker-breonna-taylor-lawsuit/2021/03/13/73e10506-8424-11eb-ac37-4383f7709abe_story.html">filed a lawsuit</a> against the Louisville city government and the police officers in the raid, arguing that his constitutional rights were violated — and that the warrant to enter the house was based on false claims.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lvs8SA">
And Breonna Taylor’s mother, Tamika Palmer, <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/13/us/breonna-taylor-mother-tamika-palmer-files-complaints/index.html">has filed</a> an internal affairs complaint against six officers in the Louisville Metro Police Department.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GU1Ueh">
“We believe a thorough investigation of these allegations will expose the rotten underbelly of a rogue police division and the lengths that investigators went to protect the officers,” Palmer’s attorney, Sam Aguiar, <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/13/us/breonna-taylor-mother-tamika-palmer-files-complaints/index.html">told CNN.</a> “And when it does, LMPD needs to show that it will clean house, get Tamika Palmer the answers she’s been owed for a year and honor the oaths sworn to protect our citizens.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="C8Yyx6">
Palmer recently <a href="https://www.wlky.com/article/breonna-taylors-mother-reflects-on-a-year-without-her-daughter-demanding-justice/35798998">spoke with WLKY</a>, Louisville’s CBS station, and expressed frustration with where matters stand one year later.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cU1nKg">
“Not to say all officers are bad, but there’s no accountability,” Palmer said. “So, [police] don’t feel like they have to change their actions or their behaviors.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="asTlv6">
Many Democratic lawmakers echoed Palmer’s sentiment Saturday, marking the occasion by calling for police reform.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iWzFos">
Freshman lawmaker Rep. Cori Bush (D-MO), who was a Black Lives Matter organizer in and around Ferguson, Missouri, before entering Congress, <a href="https://twitter.com/CoriBush/status/1370809586983260171">tweeted</a>, “Today marks 365 days of injustice. Breonna Taylor’s murder was an injustice. The ensuing cover-up was an injustice.”
</p>
<div id="VaOthp">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
A Black woman was murdered by the police in her home, in the middle of the night, and nothing has fundamentally changed. <br/><br/>That’s why we won’t stop saying her name. That’s why we have to legislate in defense of Black lives in Congress.
</p>
— Cori Bush (<span class="citation" data-cites="CoriBush">@CoriBush</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/CoriBush/status/1370809589231456256?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">March 13, 2021</a>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="i42Qyl">
And Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer <a href="https://twitter.com/SenSchumer/status/1370793205789233158?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1370793205789233158%7Ctwgr%5E%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&amp;ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fhouse%2F543074-lawmakers-call-for-action-on-first-anniversary-of-breonna-taylors-death">tweeted</a>, “Today marks one year since Breonna Taylor was killed in her home by police executing a no-knock warrant. Breonna Taylor and her family deserve justice. It is past time for comprehensive policing reform. We are working to pass the Justice In Policing Act in the Senate.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="F1TUbS">
President Joe Biden also advocated for the passage of that bill, writing, “As we continue to mourn [Taylor], we must press ahead to pass meaningful police reform in Congress.”
</p>
<div id="mFjUBT">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
Breonna Taylor’s death was a tragedy, a blow to her family, her community, and America. As we continue to mourn her, we must press ahead to pass meaningful police reform in Congress. I remain committed to signing a landmark reform bill into law.
</p>
— President Biden (<span class="citation" data-cites="POTUS">@POTUS</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/POTUS/status/1370839332152557580?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">March 13, 2021</a>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="swyFNC">
The Democratic-controlled House passed the <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/3/3/22295856/george-floyd-justice-in-policing-act-2021-passed-house">Justice in Policing Act</a> for the second time in early March, and it contains a number of provisions aimed at reforming policing at the federal level, ranging from ending <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/6/3/21277104/qualified-immunity-cops-constitution-shaniz-west-supreme-court">qualified immunity</a> (a practice that protects police officers from lawsuits) to banning the sorts of no-knock drug warrants that led to Taylor’s death.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tMXG1O">
When the House passed the bill in 2020, the Republican-controlled Senate refused to take it up, advocating instead for a GOP-crafted plan that proposed more limited reforms. Democrats now control the Senate, and leaders including Schumer have signaled optimism about passing the bill. However, the Democratic caucus would need 10 Republican senators to vote for the Justice in Policing Act in order for it to reach Biden’s desk. Thus far, there has been no indication that many Republicans might be willing to do so.
</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Myanmar has killed at least 7 during its latest lethal crackdown on protesters</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A mass of masked people sit in a nighttime street, illuminated by candles and cell phone lights. Many raise a three-fingered salute, which has come to signify the call for democracy in both Myanmar and Thailand." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/F6A_8GCIjIag6ps5QUAQP0Ojxhw=/556x0:5000x3333/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/68961318/GettyImages_1231687992.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Demonstrators honor those killed in Myanmar’s pro-democracy protests. | Theint Mon Soe/SOPA Images/LightRocket/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Security forces are firing live ammunition on sit-ins.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="h6UnVM">
Myanmar’s security forces <a href="https://apnews.com/article/world-news-aung-san-suu-kyi-shootings-myanmar-social-media-2726df29bffed5b4096add78a56e4435">killed at least seven people</a> on Saturday after firing live ammunition at demonstrators protesting the <a href="https://www.vox.com/22260076/myanmar-coup-military-suu-kyi-explain">country’s February military coup</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="adElIF">
The casualties from the protests — which likely are underreported, experts say — indicate that the country’s military government is not backing down from using lethal force against pro-democracy protesters, despite intensifying condemnations from the international community.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xG27II">
Activists have been demanding the military step aside in favor of a civilian government for weeks, and on Saturday were commemorating the killing of a student in 1988 whose death sparked a rebellion against an earlier incarnation of the military government. That uprising <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-politics/six-killed-in-protests-in-myanmar-as-u-s-allies-vow-to-restore-democracy-idUSKBN2B503Q">resulted in the deaths of around 3,000 protesters</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gqqyc6">
In the most recent protests, security forces killed at least 70 people, according to the <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-politics/six-killed-in-protests-in-myanmar-as-u-s-allies-vow-to-restore-democracy-idUSKBN2B503Q">Assistance Association for Political Prisoners</a> advocacy group.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wvblLH">
That number includes the <a href="https://apnews.com/article/world-news-aung-san-suu-kyi-shootings-myanmar-social-media-2726df29bffed5b4096add78a56e4435">four deaths</a> reported in the major city of Mandalay, where police opened fire on a sit-in protest Saturday, as well as two protesters who were killed in Pyay, where a witness <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-politics/six-killed-in-protests-in-myanmar-as-u-s-allies-vow-to-restore-democracy-idUSKBN2B503Q">told Reuters</a> that security forces deliberately slowed the arrival of an ambulance. Another protester was killed in the suburbs outside Yangon, Myanmar’s largest city. Beyond these deaths, several injuries were also reported.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TKVWOo">
<a href="https://apnews.com/article/world-news-aung-san-suu-kyi-shootings-myanmar-social-media-2726df29bffed5b4096add78a56e4435">According to the Associated Press</a>, the death toll is likely higher because police were seen seizing bodies and security forces occupying hospitals are often “boycotted by medical personnel and shunned by protesters.” Despite police violence, rallies and vigils carried on after dark in Yangon, Mandalay, and elsewhere.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gruDtD">
Since the February 1 coup, mass demonstrations have swept the country, and resistance to the military has taken many forms, from <a href="https://www.vox.com/22295138/myanmar-protests-strike-coup-military">massive marches</a> to <a href="https://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/mandalay-gunfire-02172021190157.html">civil disobedience</a> to <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/15/world/asia/myanmar-workers-coup.html">work stoppages</a> to suspected <a href="https://apnews.com/article/world-news-aung-san-suu-kyi-shootings-myanmar-social-media-2726df29bffed5b4096add78a56e4435">sabotage of railway infrastructure</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kdPIpG">
While protester deaths contributed to the decline of the protests in 1988, some activists have said the present killings have only strengthened their resolve; following a recent spate of violence, a protester who asked to be identified as Yan told the <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/02/28/myanmar-security-forces-open-fire-protesters-killing-least-5/">Washington Post</a> the shootings were making protesters “angrier.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6Ewa6m">
And protesters have also had encouragement from the acting leader of the deposed civilian government, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-politics-crph/leader-of-myanmar-shadow-civilian-government-vows-resistance-to-junta-rule-idUSKBN2B50I0?il=0">Mahn Win Khaing Than</a>, who on Saturday told supporters from hiding: “This is the darkest moment of the nation and the moment that the dawn is close.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="U2nfHg">
Mahn Win Khaing Than continued, “In order to form a federal democracy, which all ethnic brothers, who have been suffering various kinds of oppressions from the dictatorship for decades, really desired, this revolution is the chance for us to put our efforts together.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tIMroD">
It’s unclear what direction the protests will take in the future.<strong> </strong>But at the moment, the demonstrations have brought more international attention to the country’s excessive use of force and subversion of even nominal democratic norms.
</p>
<h3 id="kdk4DJ">
Why Myanmar is in crisis
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HTi1kz">
On February 1, Myanmar’s military ended the country’s “decade-long dalliance with democracy,” as Vox’s Alex Ward <a href="https://www.vox.com/22260076/myanmar-coup-military-suu-kyi-explain">put it,</a> by claiming that the country’s recent election had been marred by fraud. Military leaders then used that claim as a pretext for launching a coup against the nation’s most popular political party and its leader, ending a system of government in which the military shared power with civilian leaders.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MtQO2U">
While <a href="https://www.vox.com/22295138/myanmar-protests-strike-coup-military">neither the country’s Union Election Commission</a> nor international observers found evidence of irregularities which would’ve changed the outcome of the elections — in which Aung San Suu Kyi and her party, the National League for Democracy, won by an overwhelming margin — the military declared it would hold power for a year before allowing elections in a year.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="CWvwXa">
As Ward <a href="https://www.vox.com/22260076/myanmar-coup-military-suu-kyi-explain">has explained for Vox</a>, the military appears to be attempting the reversal or slowdown of modest pro-democracy reforms in order to ensure they don’t lose too much power to civilian government:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UDyTFH">
The military ruled the country for decades until 2011 when it made very modest pro-democracy reforms. And it only ceded some control after years of political and economic pressure from the United States and other nations.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="18TmG5">
But that <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/2/1/who-is-min-aung-hlaing">quasi-democratic system</a> no longer worked for the generals, who feared their ultimate authority would be curtailed. So instead of letting Myanmar’s budding democracy continue to grow, the armed forces chose to quash it.
</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Lsj0b6">
Myanmar’s military has since been condemned by international human rights watchdogs and countries across the world.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GOIIXE">
The US has <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-politics-usa-sanctions/u-s-imposes-sanctions-on-children-of-myanmar-military-leader-companies-idUSKBN2B22MF">applied pressure</a> to the country’s military — which has ties to China — as part of a bid to project power and bolster allies in the region.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7aWvgZ">
India, Japan, Australia, and the US released a joint statement on Friday calling for the country to end the coup. “As longstanding supporters of Myanmar and its people, we emphasize the urgent need to restore democracy and the priority of strengthening democratic resilience,” the statement read. And the <a href="https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Myanmar-Coup/ASEAN-neighbors-call-for-Myanmar-dialogue-as-violence-continues">Association of Southeast Asian Nations</a>, of which Myanmar is a member, recently “called on all parties to refrain from instigating further violence, and for all sides to exercise utmost restraint as well as flexibility.”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="s1r3Z1">
Violence against protesters seems to have motivated some punitive steps by other countries in the region. South Korea, for example, has said it will <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-southkorea-myanmar-idUSKBN2B40M8">ban arms exports</a> and reconsider development aid to Myanmar due to the country’s use of force against protesters.
</p></li>
<li><strong>Andrew Cuomo is facing an extraordinary rebuke from his own party</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Cuomo, in a slightly oversized brown leather jacket and blue button down shirt, wears a serious expression as he stands in front of microphones." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/eJaMDotBNX8iGMVnHhMKpjpTxzQ=/627x0:5960x4000/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/68960798/GettyImages_1231600404.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo prepares to speak at a press conference, as he faces questions about allegations of sexual harassment. | Seth Wenig/Getty Images
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The New York governor says the growing calls for his resignation reflect “cancel culture.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kSY9Gh">
Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer and Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand joined a swiftly growing group of Democratic New York lawmakers calling on New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo to resign on Friday over allegations of sexual misconduct and distortion of Covid-19 mortality data.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8ps7Ix">
The rapidly escalating pressure on Cuomo by politicians from his own party has raised questions over whether he’ll be able to govern effectively at a time when he has been tasked with overseeing the state’s management of a complex public health crisis, including the deployment of <a href="https://www.vox.com/coronavirus-covid19">Covid-19</a> vaccines and safely reopening businesses.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RiDWnP">
It has also shown that Democrats are willing to unite in opposition against a prominent member of their own party facing accusations of sexual harassment, holding their own members to account in a manner akin to how they have treated Republicans accused of misconduct.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="frZoFn">
“We commend the brave actions of the individuals who have come forward with serious allegations of abuse and misconduct,” Schumer and Gillibrand said in a joint statement. “Due to the multiple, credible sexual harassment and misconduct allegations, it is clear that Governor Cuomo has lost the confidence of his governing partners and the people of New York. Governor Cuomo should resign.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KrJxId">
Also on Friday, <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/12/politics/new-york-congress-cuomo-resignation/index.html">16 other members of New York’s 19-person Democratic House delegation</a> — including House Judiciary Committee Chair Jerrold Nadler and progressive leader Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez — called on him to resign.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PJiTEL">
Those representatives who didn’t explicitly demand his resignation offered Cuomo little consolation. Reps. Tom Suozzi and Gregory Meeks said that if Cuomo couldn’t govern effectively, he should step down. Meanwhile, Rep. Hakeem Jeffries <a href="https://twitter.com/RepJeffries/status/1370502768864210948">called</a> the allegations “deeply disturbing” and backed investigations into his conduct — but ultimately called for Cuomo himself to reflect on “whether he can continue to effectively lead the state.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sOYKqS">
On the very same day, <a href="https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/andrew-cuomo-misconduct-allegations.html">New York magazine</a> and the <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/12/nyregion/cuomo-women-toxic-workplace.html">New York Times</a> published investigations which indicated that Cuomo has fostered a poorly managed and abusive work environment at the governor’s mansion. “In interviews over the past week, more than 35 people who have worked in Mr. Cuomo’s executive chamber described the office as deeply chaotic, unprofessional and toxic, especially for young women,” the Times reported.
</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="f0kT9t">
Currently, New York Attorney General Letitia James is overseeing an independent investigation into the sexual harassment claims against Cuomo, which kicked off when <a href="https://medium.com/@lindseyboylan4NY/my-story-of-working-with-governor-cuomo-e664d4814b4e">former aide Lindsey Boylan</a> claimed in February that he kissed her on the lips against her will in 2018. Her statement was then followed by <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/article/cuomo-sexual-harassment-nursing-homes-covid-19.html">a number of other allegations</a> of misconduct from women, including a former aide who has accused him of groping her at his private residence and another aide who said he effectively propositioned her in the manner in which he inquired about her sex life.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zDx7Cr">
This week the New York State Assembly also <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/11/nyregion/cuomo-resign-sexual-harassment.html?action=click&amp;pgtype=Article&amp;state=default&amp;module=styln-cuomo&amp;region=MAIN_CONTENT_3&amp;context=storylines-guide">opened an impeachment inquiry</a> into Cuomo’s behavior over the sexual misconduct claims and evidence that he <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/article/andrew-cuomo-nursing-home-deaths.html">appeared to hide the true death toll</a> of nursing home residents in the state caused by Covid-19. On Thursday over 50 Democrats of the New York state Senate and Assembly said that Cuomo has “<a href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/11/politics/andrew-cuomo-new-york-democrats-call-for-resignation/index.html">lost the confidence of the public</a>” and called for him to step down.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aDPNVs">
But Cuomo resisted the growing calls for his resignation on Friday, and described efforts to force him from office as “cancel culture.” He denied harassment and abuse and remained resolute about his intention to stay in office. “I did not do what has been alleged, period,” he said during a press conference.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IV2cto">
“I am confident that when New Yorkers know the facts from the review, I am confident in the decision based on the facts,” he said. “But wait for the facts. An opinion without facts is irresponsible.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4Gqc1J">
Cuomo’s political fortunes have changed dramatically since the earlier stages of the pandemic, when he projected calm confidence to the public in press conferences that won him praise among Democrats and <a href="https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2020/11/andrew-cuomo-emmy-award">even an Emmy</a>. Now <a href="https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/politics/cuomo-shocking-to-see-poll-showing-him-leading-2024-democratic-field/2568009/">buzz about a 2024 presidential run</a> has been replaced by questions of whether he’ll survive his current term in office.
</p>
<h3 id="tBnjlu">
The Cuomo allegations have tested Democrats’ commitment to addressing sexual harassment
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qQdAwW">
As Vox’s Anna North <a href="https://www.vox.com/22307751/governor-andrew-cuomo-sexual-harassment-allegations-democrats-investigation">has noted</a>, Democrats have, at times, appeared more hesitant to act on allegations of misconduct against members of their own party than they were against Republicans accused of sexual abuse like former President Donald Trump or Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanaugh:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cwltJ5">
When multiple women came forward in 2017 to report unwanted touching or kissing by Sen. Al Franken (D-MN), several Democratic senators, including Gillibrand and then-Sen. Kamala Harris (D-CA), <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/12/6/16742114/al-franken-resign-senate-democrats-women">called on him to resign</a>. But Gillibrand, in particular, later faced political blowback for the decision, with <a href="https://www.politico.com/story/2018/11/26/al-franken-kirsten-gillibrand-2020-1014697">donors pulling back from her</a>.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="V50TIV">
In 2020, when <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/3/27/21195935/joe-biden-sexual-assault-allegation">Tara Reade came forward to report</a> that Joe Biden had sexually assaulted her in 1993, Democrats — <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/29/politics/kirsten-gillibrand-joe-biden-support/index.html">including Gillibrand</a> — largely defended him (a task made easier, perhaps, by the fact that <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/5/7/21248713/tara-reade-joe-biden-sexual-assault-accusation">Reade faced questions</a> about her changing accounts of Biden’s actions as well as her previous writings on Russia).
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="US2vKQ">
Now Biden is president, Democrats control Congress, and Trump is no longer in the White House or on Twitter to remind Americans of the allegations against him. And what Democrats do about Cuomo will be, to some degree, a test of how seriously they take sexual harassment allegations in an era when they’re in power.
</p>
</blockquote>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wrOJZy">
Increasingly, New York Democrats are signaling that they will not tolerate the kinds of allegations Cuomo faces.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5ZUfj4">
There are also other factors contributing to Democrats’ decision to push for Cuomo’s resignation. Before multiple claims of sexual misconduct surfaced, the scandal over Cuomo’s suppression of Covid-19 death data seriously undermined his reputation as an effective and trustworthy policymaker on his signature issue of the last year.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AtlfKE">
And crucially, Cuomo’s slide has been accelerated by his acrimonious relationships with New York Democrats well before any scandal emerged. For example, <a href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/cuomo-abuser-ny-assemblyman-ron-kim-alleges-governor/story?id=75997373">New York Assembly member Ron Kim</a> said that after he criticized Cuomo’s handling of the nursing home fatality data, he received a phone call from Cuomo during which the governor spent “ten minutes threatening my career and ordering me to issue a statement that would be used to cover for the state secretary.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EPVhzb">
As the New Republic’s Clio Chang and Alex Shephard explain, many Democrats have long been fed up with Cuomo’s <a href="https://newrepublic.com/article/143869/andrew-cuomo-keeps-left-check">adversarial relationship with his own party</a>:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rI81fS">
While the State Assembly has largely remained more loyal than the Senate, which is more or less in open rebellion, Cuomo has spent a decade in office bullying, cajoling, and humiliating politicians sitting in these bodies. Part of what we’re seeing now is payback. Thanks in part to Cuomo’s decision to <a href="https://newrepublic.com/article/143869/andrew-cuomo-keeps-left-check">single-handedly prevent</a> a Democratic majority from taking hold in the Senate for several years, there is an extraordinary amount of bad blood.
</p>
</blockquote>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YNA1Jq">
Whether Cuomo will resign is an open question. But it’s clear that his reputation and political capital were more fragile than commonly believed, and they’ve taken an enormous and irreversible hit.
</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Rashid Khan’s 11 wickets help Afghanistan level series against Zimbabwe</strong> - Zimbabwe captain Sean Williams, who remained unbeaten on 151, and Donald Tiripano (95) showed fight to add 187 for the eighth wicket and help Zimbabwe avoid an innings defeat</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Vijay Hazare final | Aditya Tare and Prithvi lead Mumbai to fourth title</strong> - Earlier, UP rode on opener Madhav Kaushik’s unbeaten 158 to post 312 for four.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Motera pitch for two-day Test given ‘average’ rating, ‘very good’ for 1st T20: ICC</strong> - The pitch at the SCG for the third Test between India and Australia was also rated ‘average’</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mithali becomes first woman cricketer to complete 7,000 ODI runs</strong> - Veteran batter Mithali Raj on Sunday added another feather to her cap by becoming the first player to complete 7,000 runs in women’s ODI cricket. Th</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Women’s cricket | India suffers 7-wicket loss in 4th ODI, loses series to South Africa</strong> - The visitors chased down 267 runs in 48.4 overs to attain an unassailable 3-1 lead.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Tamil Nadu Assembly Elections | Stalin to launch campaign in Tiruvarur</strong> - He will campaign for Tiruvaruar DMK candidate Poondi S. Kalaivanan</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>West Bengal Assembly polls | Four MPs, actors and dissident TMC leaders in BJP list</strong> - The BJP announced candidates for 63 of the 75 seats for the third and fourth phase of polls in the State that will go to polls on April 6 and April 10 respectively</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Tamil Nadu Assembly Elections | Palaniswami to file nominations in Edappadi on March 15</strong> - He would file his papers at 1 p.m. tomorrow</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>YSRCP sweeps Vizianagaram civic body elections</strong> - Except in Bobbili town, TDP could not ensure even a little fight in the civic polls</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>DMK promises resolution in Assembly against CAA</strong> - Party has collected one crore signatures in support of CAA withdrawal, says supremo M.K. Stalin.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Covid-19: Ireland suspends use of Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine</strong> - The minister for health says it is precautionary after reports of serious blood clotting events in Norway.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Russia opposition: Moscow police raid election forum</strong> - Officers raided the opposition conference only minutes after it began at a hotel on Saturday.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Covid-19 pandemic: Italy to shut shops and schools amid infection spike</strong> - Most shops, restaurants and schools will be closed on Monday as Coronavirus infections rise.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>UK exports to European Union drop 40% in January</strong> - Official figures show a sharp drop in trade in goods with the EU as the Brexit transition period ended.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Corinne Masiero: Actress protests naked at ‘French Oscars’ ceremony</strong> - Corinne Masiero sheds a donkey skin and bloodstained dress at a coronavirus-dominated César Awards.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How to find a COVID-19 vaccine appointment in your area</strong> - Vaccination rollout has been a challenge across the US. These tips should help. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1749444">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Researchers think a planet lost its original atmosphere, built a new one</strong> - Imaging the atmosphere finds a combination of chemicals that shouldn’t be there. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1749470">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Federal investigators blast Tesla, call for stricter safety standards</strong> - NTSB blames NHTSA and Tesla for a deadly 2019 Autopilot crash in Florida. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1749436">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Code Breaker is the CRISPR chronicle you need to read</strong> - Q&amp;A: Walter Isaacson’s account is a thrilling tale of scientific discovery. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1749419">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Exchange servers first compromised by Chinese hackers hit with ransomware</strong> - As if Exchange users didn’t already have enough to worry about, they have this. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1749428">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>I got arrested for illegally downloading the whole of Wikipedia</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
I told them I could explain everything.
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<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Rupe_Knabu"> /u/Rupe_Knabu </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/m4lnun/i_got_arrested_for_illegally_downloading_the/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/m4lnun/i_got_arrested_for_illegally_downloading_the/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>It’s very important to not leave out the word “each.” For example, when the price of 4 tacos is $2 vs $2 each, or</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
When you tell people that you and your sister each have a child
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<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Biscuitsandgravy101"> /u/Biscuitsandgravy101 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/m4g1oh/its_very_important_to_not_leave_out_the_word_each/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/m4g1oh/its_very_important_to_not_leave_out_the_word_each/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>My wife just left me. She says life revolves around football and she’s sick of it.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
I’m quite upset. We were together for 7 seasons.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/farqueue2"> /u/farqueue2 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/m44rbp/my_wife_just_left_me_she_says_life_revolves/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/m44rbp/my_wife_just_left_me_she_says_life_revolves/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>A man is driving home one night while very aroused</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
As he is passing a pumpkin patch, he thinks to himself, “Pumpkins are soft and squishy and there’s no one around for miles.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He pulls over and pulls out a juicy pumpkin, cuts the appropriate hole in it and begins to slake his erotic desires. Soon he’s really into it and doesn’t notice the police car pulling up.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The cop pulls up and says, “Excuse me sir, do you realize you’re screwing a pumpkin?”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The man looks at the cop in complete horror and says, “A pumpkin?! Damn is it midnight already?”
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<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/diveonfire"> /u/diveonfire </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/m4lvwd/a_man_is_driving_home_one_night_while_very_aroused/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/m4lvwd/a_man_is_driving_home_one_night_while_very_aroused/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>I have a chicken proof lawn.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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It’s impeckable.
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<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/VERBERD"> /u/VERBERD </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/m4iv57/i_have_a_chicken_proof_lawn/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/m4iv57/i_have_a_chicken_proof_lawn/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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