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<title>06 August, 2023</title>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on International Business Travel and Associated Health Issues: A Survey of Japanese Public Companies</strong> -
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Objectives: Compared to long-term expatriates, the health issues of short-term international business travellers are less clear. Particularly, there are no reports on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. We explored the changes in health challenges faced by Japanese international business travellers owing to the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: Cross-sectional survey research using questionnaires Setting: We surveyed 3,845 listed public companies in Japan in September 2021. Participants: A total of 251 companies responded (response rate: 6.5%), of which 131 (52%) had foreign travel requirements for their business. Primary and secondary outcome measures: The survey included questions regarding company size, business type, necessity for foreign travel, destination and number of trips, common health issues that arise, and the importance of business travel before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Among the companies, 44% replied that they could not predict the number of foreign business trips after the pandemic. However, 64% of companies responded that business travel would continue to be important in the future. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the most important health concerns faced by business travellers were illness during travel (42%), followed by the prevention of infectious diseases and lifestyle disease management. Post-pandemic, 48% of the responses were for infectious diseases, including COVID-19, followed by 40% for travel-related diseases, and 25% for lifestyle-related diseases. Conclusions: Owing to global economic and social activities, business travel will continue to be necessary in the post-COVID-19 era. Comprehensive health management including prevention of infectious diseases is desirable for business travel.
</p>
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.28.23293302v1" target="_blank">Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on International Business Travel and Associated Health Issues: A Survey of Japanese Public Companies</a>
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<li><strong>Racial/Ethnic Differences in COVID-19-Traumatic Symptoms, Sleep, Coping Outcomes in a Group of New-Yorkers</strong> -
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Background: Little research has examined within/between group predictors and mediators of race/ethnic differences or disparities in mental and sleep health outcomes arising from the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 experiences on trauma-related symptoms and sleep quality among a multiracial/ethnic sample in New York. Method: This is a cross-sectional study conducted online among multiethnic adults (n=541) who experienced the pandemic in New York from September to November 2020. Comparisons of characteristics and mean scores by race/ethnicity status were conducted using one-way ANOVA and independent samples t-tests for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables. Multilinear regression was used for associations between social determinants of health and/or SES, trauma-related symptoms, coping, and sleep. Results: Compared to Whites [Mean (SD)= (24.1(7.6)] and other group [Mean (SD)=24.9(8.2), Blacks [Mean (SD)=(26.3(6.4)] and Hispanics [Mean(SD)=(27.2(8.2)] reported higher level of peritraumatic distress [ df= 3; F=4273; p=0.005). The prevalence of clinically significant PTSD symptoms was 21.4%(n=113): [Whites=31(16.3%); Blacks=28(25.7%); Hispanics=24(25%); and other groups=30(22.4%); x2 =4.93; p=0.177]. This rate doubled [48.3%(257)] when it comes to the overall clinically significant depression level. Compared to all subcategories, [Blacks=52(47.7%); Hispanics =62(64.6%); other group=66(49.3%)], depression symptoms were lower among Whites [77(39.9%; x2 =15.71; p=0.001]. We found a prevalence of insufficient sleep &lt;6 hours of 41%(198): [Whites=69(39.4%); Blacks=43(41.7%); Hispanics=46(52.3%); other groups=40(34.2%); x2=12.21; p=0.057]. Several unique demographic predictors of PTSD emerged for distinct racial/ethnic groups. Among Blacks, sex [β = −0.22; p &lt; .01] and employment [β = −0.159; p &lt; .05] emerged as significant predictors for PTSD, but for no other racial/ethnic group. Interestingly, among Hispanics [β = −0.144; p = .064] and Blacks [β = −0.174; p = .0.076], coping strategies did not mitigate PTSD or depressive symptoms. Conclusion: As New York and the rest of the world are trying to bounce back from the COVID-19 consequences, mental health outcomes are devastating, particularly among historically marginalized communities. This study provides insight into the emergency for policymakers to invest in racial justice programs and provide free access to culturally responsive mental health care for the most vulnerable groups.
</p>
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.31.23293452v1" target="_blank">Racial/Ethnic Differences in COVID-19-Traumatic Symptoms, Sleep, Coping Outcomes in a Group of New-Yorkers</a>
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<li><strong>Differential host responses within the upper respiratory tract and peripheral blood of children and adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> -
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Age is among the strongest risk factors for severe outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection. We sought to evaluate associations between age and both mucosal and systemic host responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We profiled the upper respiratory tract (URT) and peripheral blood transcriptomes of 201 participants (age range of 1 week to 83 years), including 137 non-hospitalized individuals with mild SARS-CoV-2 infection and 64 uninfected individuals. Among uninfected children and adolescents, young age was associated with upregulation of innate and adaptive immune pathways within the URT, suggesting that young children are primed to mount robust mucosal immune responses to exogeneous respiratory pathogens. SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with broad induction of innate and adaptive immune responses within the URT of children and adolescents. Peripheral blood responses among SARS-CoV-2-infected children and adolescents were dominated by interferon pathways, while upregulation of myeloid activation, inflammatory, and coagulation pathways was observed only in adults. Systemic symptoms among SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects were associated with blunted innate and adaptive immune responses in the URT and upregulation of many of these same pathways within peripheral blood. Finally, within individuals, robust URT immune responses were correlated with decreased peripheral immune activation, suggesting that effective immune responses in the URT may promote local viral control and limit systemic immune activation and symptoms. These findings demonstrate that there are differences in immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 across the lifespan, including between young children and adolescents, and suggest that these varied host responses contribute to observed differences in the clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection by age.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.31.23293337v1" target="_blank">Differential host responses within the upper respiratory tract and peripheral blood of children and adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection</a>
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<li><strong>Healthcare resource utilization and costs associated with COVID-19 among pediatrics managed in the community or hospital setting in England: a population-based cohort study</strong> -
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Background Although COVID-19 morbidity is significantly lower in pediatrics than in adults, the risk of severe COVID-19 may still pose substantial healthcare resource burden. This study aimed to describe healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs associated with COVID-19 in pediatrics aged 1-17 years in England. Methods A population-based retrospective cohort study of pediatrics with COVID-19 using Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD Aurum) primary care data and, where available, linked Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care (HES APC) secondary care data. HCRU and associated costs to the National Health Service (NHS) were stratified by age, risk of severe COVID-19, and immunocompromized status, separately for those with and without hospitalization records (hospitalized cohort: COVID-19 diagnosis August 2020-March 2021; primary care cohort: COVID-19 diagnosis August 2020-January 2022). Results This study included 564,644 patients in the primary care cohort and 60 in the hospitalized cohort. Primary care consultations were more common in those aged 1-4 years (face-to-face: 4.3%; telephone: 6.0%) compared to those aged 5-11 (2.0%; 2.1%) and 12-17 years (2.2%; 2.5%). In the hospitalized cohort, mean [SD] length of stay was longer (5.0 [5.8] days) among those aged 12-17 years (n=24) than those aged 1-4 (n=15; 1.8 [0.9] days) and 5-11 years (n=21; 2.8 [2.1] days). Conclusions Most pediatrics diagnosed with COVID-19 were managed in the community. However, hospitalizations were an important driver of HCRU and costs, particularly for those aged 12-17 years. Our results may help optimize the management and resource allocation of COVID-19 in this population.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.28.23293335v1" target="_blank">Healthcare resource utilization and costs associated with COVID-19 among pediatrics managed in the community or hospital setting in England: a population-based cohort study</a>
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<li><strong>Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol of the Efficacy and Safety of COVID-19 Drug Candidates Targeting Host Enzymes Involved in Immune Response</strong> -
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COVID-19 is a rapidly spreading infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Although several therapeutic interventions have been developed, the mortality rate of the disease remains high, and effective treatment options are urgently needed. Host-directed therapies targeting enzymes involved in the immune response represent a promising strategy for the development of novel therapeutics against COVID-19. This study aims to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature to evaluate the potential of drug candidates targeting host enzymes involved in the immune response for the treatment of COVID-19. We will conduct a systematic search of electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, as well as preprint servers and clinical trial registries for relevant studies. We will include randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and preclinical studies evaluating the efficacy of drug candidates targeting host enzymes involved in the immune response in COVID-19. Two reviewers will independently screen articles, extract data, and assess study quality. The primary outcome will be the effect of drug candidates on mortality, while secondary outcomes will include time to recovery, adverse events, and changes in immune markers. A meta-analysis will be performed to estimate pooled effect sizes of the interventions, and a narrative synthesis will be conducted for studies that are not amenable to quantitative analysis. This study will provide a comprehensive evaluation of the potential of host-directed therapies targeting enzymes involved in the immune response for the treatment of COVID-19. The results of this study may guide the development of novel therapeutics against COVID-19 and inform clinical practice.
</p>
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.28.23293338v1" target="_blank">Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol of the Efficacy and Safety of COVID-19 Drug Candidates Targeting Host Enzymes Involved in Immune Response</a>
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<li><strong>Vaccine effectiveness against hospitalisation and comparative odds of hospital admission and severe outcomes with BQ.1, CH.1.1. and XBB.1.5 in England.</strong> -
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Background Since the first emergence of Omicron BA.1 in England in November 2021, numerous sub-lineages have evolved. In September 2022, BA.5 dominated. The prevalence of BQ.1 increased from October, while the prevalence of CH.1.1 and XBB.1.5 increased from December 2022 and January 2023, respectively. Little is known about the effectiveness of the vaccines against hospitalisation with these sub-lineages, nor the relative severity. Methods A test-negative case-control study was used to estimate the incremental effectiveness of the bivalent BA.1 booster vaccines against hospitalisation, relative to those with waned immunity where the last dose was at least 6 months prior. The odds of hospital admission for those testing PCR positive on the day of an attendance to accident and emergency departments and the odds of intensive care unit admission or death amongst COVID-19 admissions were compared between variants. Additionally, a Cox proportional hazards survival regression was used to investigate length of stay amongst hospitalised cases by variant. Findings There was no difference in incremental vaccine effectiveness against hospitalisation with BQ.1, CH.1.1 or XBB.1.5, nor was there a difference in the severity of these variants. Effectiveness against hospitalisation was 48.0% (95% C.I.; 38.5 to 56.0%), 29.7% (95% C.I.; 7.5 to 46.6%) and 52.7% (95% C.I.; 24.6 to 70.4%) against BQ.1, CH.1.1 and XBB.1.5, respectively, at 5 to 9 weeks post booster vaccination. Compared to BQ.1, the odds of hospital admission were 0.87 (95% C.I.; 0.77 to 0.99) and 0.88 (95% C.I.; 0.75 to 1.02) for CH.1.1 and XBB.1.5 cases attending accident and emergency departments, respectively. There was no significant difference in the odds of admission to intensive care units or death for those with CH.1.1 (OR 0.96, 95% C.I.; 0.71 to 1.30) or XBB.1.5 (OR 0.67, 95% C.I.; 0.44 to 1.02) compared to BQ.1. There was also no significant difference in the length of hospital stay by variant. Interpretation Together, these results provide reassuring evidence that the bivalent BA.1 booster vaccines provide similar protection against hospitalisation with BQ.1, CH.1.1 and XBB.1.5, and that the emergent CH.1.1 and XBB.1.5 sub-lineages do not cause more severe disease than BQ.1. Funding None.
</p>
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.28.23293333v1" target="_blank">Vaccine effectiveness against hospitalisation and comparative odds of hospital admission and severe outcomes with BQ.1, CH.1.1. and XBB.1.5 in England.</a>
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<li><strong>Phylogenies increase power to detect highly transmissible viral genome variants</strong> -
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As demonstrated by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the emergence of novel viral strains with increased transmission rates poses a significant threat to global health. Viral genome sequences, combined with statistical models of sequence evolution, may provide a critical tool for early detection of these strains. Using a novel statistical model that links transmission rates to the entire viral genome sequence, we study the power of phylogenetic methods—using a phylogenetic tree relating viral samples—and count-based methods—using case-counts of variants over time—to detect increased transmission rates, and to identify causative mutations. We find that phylogenies in particular can detect novel variants very soon after their origin, and may facilitate the development of early detection systems for outbreak surveillance.
</p>
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.28.23293332v1" target="_blank">Phylogenies increase power to detect highly transmissible viral genome variants</a>
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<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 live virus culture and sample freeze-thaw stability</strong> -
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The COVID-19 pandemic has presented unique diagnostic challenges including the need to store and test large number of samples for clinical and research studies. While SARS CoV-2 diagnosis relies on RT-qPCR and antigen testing, live virus culture remains an important surrogate for viral 9infectiousness9, as we previously described in 9SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Tests Predict Infectivity Based on Viral Culture: Comparison of Antigen, PCR Viral Load and Viral Culture Testing on a Large Sample Cohort9 (Clin Microbiol Infect, 2022, PMC9293398). Live virus isolation and characterization has also been important to the SARS CoV-2 research community, to assess viral fitness, cellular tropism, and live virus neutralization, particularly with the emergence of new variants. Many clinical and research studies make use of samples that are frozen in transport media and investigated at later dates. The effect of freezing on RT-qPCR results is well established. However, the effect of freeze-thaw on viral viability has not been. Here, we therefore examined the effect of freeze-thaw on viral culture isolation from a large number of clinical samples that were split, and then cultured either fresh or after being frozen for 7 or 17-18 days. Samples represented the range of viral loads (genome copies/mL) observed in our patient population. We found that freeze-thaw did not significantly affect viral culture isolation. Therefore, the ability to assess infectiousness of samples previously frozen in transport medium appears to be maintained.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.29.23293373v1" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 live virus culture and sample freeze-thaw stability</a>
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<li><strong>CLINICAL AND SEROLOGICAL PREDICTORS OF POST COVID-19 CONDITION: FINDINGS FROM A CANADIAN PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY</strong> -
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Introduction: More than three years into the pandemic, there is persisting uncertainty as to the etiology, biomarkers, and risk factors of Post COVID-19 Condition (PCC). Serological research data remain a largely untapped resource. Few studies have investigated the potential relationships between post-acute serology and PCC, while accounting for clinical covariates. Methods: We compared clinical and serological predictors among COVID-19 survivors with (n=102 cases) and without (n=122 controls) persistent symptoms ≥ 12 weeks post-infection. We selected four primary serological predictors (anti-nucleocapsid (N), anti-Spike, and anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG titres, and neutralization efficiency), and specified clinical covariates a priori. Results: Similar proportions of PCC-cases (66.7%, n=68) and infected-controls (71.3%, n=87) tested positive for anti-N IgG. More cases tested positive for anti-Spike (94.1%, n=96) and anti-RBD (95.1%, n=97) IgG, as compared with controls (anti-Spike: 89.3%, n=109; anti-RBD: 84.4%, n=103). Similar trends were observed among unvaccinated participants. Effects of IgG titres on PCC status were non-significant in univariate and multivariate analyses. Adjusting for age and sex, PCC-cases were more likely to be efficient neutralizers (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.11 - 4.49), and odds was further increased among cases to report deterioration in quality of life (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.64 - 7.31). Clinical covariates found to be significantly related to PCC included obesity (OR 2.3, p=0.02), number of months post COVID-19 (OR 1.1, p&lt;0.01), allergies (OR 1.8, p=0.04), and need for medical support (OR 4.1, p&lt;0.01). Conclusion: Despite past COVID-19 infection, approximately one third of PCC-cases and infected-controls were seronegative for anti-N IgG. Findings suggest higher neutralization efficiency among cases as compared with controls, and that this relationship is stronger among cases with more severe PCC. Cases also required more medical support for COVID-19 symptoms, and described complex, ongoing health sequelae. More data from larger cohorts are needed to substantiate results, permit subgroup analyses of IgG titres, and explore for differences between clusters of PCC symptoms. Future assessment of IgG subtypes may also elucidate new findings.
</p>
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.29.23293334v1" target="_blank">CLINICAL AND SEROLOGICAL PREDICTORS OF POST COVID-19 CONDITION: FINDINGS FROM A CANADIAN PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY</a>
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<li><strong>Advances and pitfalls in measuring transportation equity</strong> -
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Transportation systems play a pivotal role in facilitating access to out-of-home activities, enabling participation in various aspects of social life. But because of budgetary and physical limitations, they cannot provide equal access to all locations; inevitably, some places will be better served than others. This realization gives rise to two fundamental concerns in transportation equity: 1) accessibility inequality and 2) accessibility poverty. Accessibility inequalities may rise to the level of injustice when some socioeconomic groups systematically have lower access to opportunities than others. Accessibility poverty occurs when people are unable to meet their daily needs and live a dignified, fulfilling life because of a lack of access to essential services and opportunities. In this paper, we review two of the most widely used approaches for evaluating transport justice concerns with accessibility inequality and accessibility poverty: Gini coefficients/Lorenz curves and needs-gap/transit desert approaches, respectively. We discuss how their theoretical underpinnings are inconsistent with egalitarian and sufficientarian concerns in transport justice, and show how the underlying assumptions of these methods and their applications found in the transportation equity literature embody many previously unacknowledged limitations that severely limit their utility. We substantiate these concerns by analysing the equity impacts of Covid-19-related service cuts undertaken in Washington, D.C. during 2020. The paper also discusses how alternative methods for measuring transportation equity both better comport with the known impacts of such changes and are consistent with underlying moral concerns.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/y246u/" target="_blank">Advances and pitfalls in measuring transportation equity</a>
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<li><strong>Fit notes associated with COVID-19 in 24 million patients’ primary care records: A cohort study in OpenSAFELY-TPP</strong> -
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Background: Fit notes (“sick notes”) are issued by general practitioners (GPs) when a person can9t work for health reasons and is an indication of the public health and economic burden for people recovering from COVID-19. Methods: With NHS England approval, we used routine clinical data from &gt;24 million patients to compare fit note incidence in people 18-64 years with and without evidence of COVID-19 in 2020, 2021 and 2022. We fit Cox regression models to estimate adjusted hazard ratios, overall and by time post-diagnosis and within demographic subgroups. Results: We identified 365,421, 1,206,555 and 1,321,313 people with evidence of COVID-19 in 2020, 2021 and 2022. The fit note rate was 4.88 per 100 person-months (95%CI 4.83-4.93) in 2020, 2.66 (95%CI 2.64-2.67) in 2021, and 1.73 (95%CI 1.72-1.73) in 2022. Compared with the age, sex and region matched general population, the hazard ratio (HR) adjusted for demographics and clinical characteristics over the follow-up period was 4.07 (95%CI 4.02-4.12) in 2020 decreasing to 1.57 (95%CI 1.56-1.58) in 2022. The HR was highest in the first 30 days in all years. Conclusions: Despite likely underestimation of the fit note rate, we identified a considerable increase among people with COVID-19, even in an era when most people are vaccinated. Most fit notes are associated with the acute phase of the disease, but the increased risk several months post-diagnosis provides further evidence of the long-term impact.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.28.23293269v1" target="_blank">Fit notes associated with COVID-19 in 24 million patients’ primary care records: A cohort study in OpenSAFELY-TPP</a>
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<li><strong>Predicting Long COVID in the National COVID Cohort Collaborative Using Super Learner</strong> -
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Post-acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), also known as Long COVID, is a broad grouping of a range of long-term symptoms following acute COVID-19 infection. An understanding of characteristics that are predictive of future PASC is valuable, as this can inform the identification of high-risk individuals and future preventative efforts. However, current knowledge regarding PASC risk factors is limited. Using a sample of 55,257 participants from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative, as part of the NIH Long COVID Computational Challenge, we sought to predict individual risk of PASC diagnosis from a curated set of clinically informed covariates. We predicted individual PASC status, given covariate information, using Super Learner (an ensemble machine learning algorithm also known as stacking) to learn the optimal, AUC-maximizing combination of gradient boosting and random forest algorithms. We were able to predict individual PASC diagnoses accurately (AUC 0.947). Temporally, we found that baseline characteristics were most predictive of future PASC diagnosis, compared with characteristics immediately before, during, or after COVID-19 infection. This finding supports the hypothesis that clinicians may be able to accurately assess the risk of PASC in patients prior to acute COVID diagnosis, which could improve early interventions and preventive care. We found that medical utilization, demographics and anthropometry, and respiratory factors were most predictive of PASC diagnosis. This highlights the importance of respiratory characteristics in PASC risk assessment. The methods outlined here provide an open-source, applied example of using Super Learner to predict PASC status using electronic health record data, which can be replicated across a variety of settings.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.27.23293272v1" target="_blank">Predicting Long COVID in the National COVID Cohort Collaborative Using Super Learner</a>
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<li><strong>Exploring Disparities and Novel Insights into Metabo-Nutritional Comorbidities among COVID-19 Patients in Mexico</strong> -
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During the previous years, particularly at the beginning of the COVID- 19 pandemic, the potential role of metabo-nutritional comorbidities in the severity and lethality of SARS-CoV2 infection has been widely dis- cussed, often describing ambiguous outcomes. Here we investigate the prevalence of metabo-nutritional comorbidities among COVID-19 patients in Mexico. Using a retrospective observational study design, data was collected from official databases of COVID-19 patients admitted to pub- lic and private hospitals in Mexico City. Our study found a discordant prevalence of metabo-nutritional comorbidities among COVID-19 patients, particularly obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. Discordance consists in geographic location-dependent over and under-representation phenomena, that is the prevalence of such comorbidities in COVID-19 patients was significantly over or under the reported value for the general population in each location. These findings highlight the importance of screening for metabo-nutritional comorbidities in COVID-19 patients and suggest the need for tailored interventions for this population. The study also provides insights into the complex relationships between COVID-19 and metabo-nutritional comorbidities, which may inform future research and clinical practice.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.31.23293471v1" target="_blank">Exploring Disparities and Novel Insights into Metabo-Nutritional Comorbidities among COVID-19 Patients in Mexico</a>
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<li><strong>Text mining biomedical literature to identify extremely unbalanced data for digital epidemiology and systematic reviews: dataset and methods for a SARS-CoV-2 genomic epidemiology study</strong> -
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There are many studies that require researchers to extract specific information from the published literature, such as details about sequence records or about a randomized control trial. While manual extraction is cost efficient for small studies, larger studies such as systematic reviews are much more costly and time-consuming. To avoid exhaustive manual searches and extraction, and their related cost and effort, natural language processing (NLP) methods can be tailored for the more subtle extraction and decision tasks that typically only humans have performed. The need for such studies that use the published literature as a data source became even more evident as the COVID-19 pandemic raged through the world and millions of sequenced samples were deposited in public repositories such as GISAID and GenBank, promising large genomic epidemiology studies, but more often than not lacked many important details that prevented large-scale studies. Thus, granular geographic location or the most basic patient-relevant data such as demographic information, or clinical outcomes were not noted in the sequence record. However, some of these data was indeed published, but in the text, tables, or supplementary material of a corresponding published article. We present here methods to identify relevant journal articles that report having produced and made available in GenBank or GISAID, new SARS-CoV-2 sequences, as those that initially produced and made available the sequences are the most likely articles to include the high-level details about the patients from whom the sequences were obtained. Human annotators validated the approach, creating a gold standard set for training and validation of a machine learning classifier. Identifying these articles is a crucial step to enable future automated informatics pipelines that will apply Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing to identify patient characteristics such as co-morbidities, outcomes, age, gender, and race, enriching SARS-CoV-2 sequence databases with actionable information for defining large genomic epidemiology studies. Thus, enriched patient metadata can enable secondary data analysis, at scale, to uncover associations between the viral genome (including variants of concern and their sublineages), transmission risk, and health outcomes. However, for such enrichment to happen, the right papers need to be found and very detailed data needs to be extracted from them. Further, finding the very specific articles needed for inclusion is a task that also facilitates scoping and systematic reviews, greatly reducing the time needed for full-text analysis and extraction.
</p>
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.29.23293370v1" target="_blank">Text mining biomedical literature to identify extremely unbalanced data for digital epidemiology and systematic reviews: dataset and methods for a SARS-CoV-2 genomic epidemiology study</a>
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<li><strong>Bi-directional associations between mask usage and the associated reasons before and after the downgrading of the legal status of COVID-19 in Japan: A longitudinal study</strong> -
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Objectives: From a public health perspective, it is important to clarify the associations between mask usage and the associated reasons in situations when mask usage is promoted or mitigated. Therefore, I clarified the changes in mask usage and the associated reasons before and after the downgrading of the legal status of COVID-19 in Japan, and analyzed the bi-directional associations between the two. Design: Longitudinal study. Methods: Online surveys were conducted in two waves, between April 18-19, 2023 and June 6-15, 2023, among people aged 20-69 years living in Japan. A total of 291 participants completed both the surveys. The associations between mask usage and beliefs about the reasons for mask usage were analyzed using a cross-lagged panel model. Results: Mask usage decreased slightly, but significantly, from the first to the second wave (P &lt; 0.001, Cohen9s d = -0.23). Of the eight beliefs regarding mask usage, slight but significant decreases were observed in terms of relief and information effects (P = 0.046, Cohen9s d = -0.12; P = 0.018, Cohen9s d = -0.14). There was a significant association between socio-psychological reasons other than infection risk avoidance (such as norm and relief) during the first wave and mask usage during the second wave [standard estimates:0.25 (95% confidence interval (CI):0.06-0.44)]. Contrarily, mask usage during the first wave was significantly associated with the reasons for infection risk avoidance during the second wave [standard estimates:0.13 (0.03-0.24)]. Conclusions: The impact of downgrading the legal status of COVID-19 in Japan on mask usage and the associated reasons were found to be limited. In terms of promoting or mitigating mask usage, the significance of risk communication based on socio-psychological reasons other than infection risk avoidance, such as norms and relief, was highlighted.
</p>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.28.23293298v1" target="_blank">Bi-directional associations between mask usage and the associated reasons before and after the downgrading of the legal status of COVID-19 in Japan: A longitudinal study</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effect of Natural Food on Gut Microbiome and Phospholipid Spectrum of Immune Cells in COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Dietary Supplement: Freeze-dried Mare Milk (Saumal)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effects of Exercise Training on Patients With Long COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Long COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: Exercise training<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Intradermal Administration of a COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in Elderly</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Vaccination; Infection;   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: Comirnaty<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Radboud University Medical Center<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Phase 2/3 Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of an XBB.1.5 (Omicron Subvariant) SARS CoV-2 rS Vaccine.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: XBB.1.5 Vaccine (Booster);   Biological: XBB.1.5 Vaccine (single dose)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Novavax<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Safety and Immune Response Study to Evaluate Varying Doses of an mRNA Vaccine Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Healthy Adults</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: mRNA-CR-04 vaccine 10μg;   Biological: mRNA-CR-04 vaccine 30μg;   Biological: mRNA-CR-04 vaccine 100μg;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   GlaxoSmithKline<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blinded Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of Omicron Subvariant and Bivalent SARS-CoV-2 rS Vaccines in Adolescents Previously Vaccinated With mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: NVX-CoV2601 co-formulated Omicron XBB.1.5 SARS-CoV-2 rS vaccine;   Biological: Prototype/XBB.1.5 Bivalent Vaccine (5 µg)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Novavax<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Hyperbaric on Pulmonary Functions in Post Covid -19 Patients.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Post COVID-19 Patients<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Device: hyperbaric oxygen therapy;   Device: breathing exercise;   Drug: medical treatment<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Cairo University<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Dietary Intervention to Mitigate Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome;   Fatigue<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Other: Dietary intervention to mitigate Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome;   Other: Attention Control<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University of Maryland, Baltimore<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Non-ventilated Prone Positioning in the COVID-19 Population</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Proning;   Oxygenation;   Length of Stay<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Other: Proning group;   Other: Control group<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Baylor St. Luke’s Medical Center<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>HD-Tdcs and Pharmacological Intervention For Delirium In Critical Patients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Delirium;   Critical Illness<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Combination Product: Active HD-tDCS;   Combination Product: Sham HD-tDCS<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Suellen Andrade;   City University of New York<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>RECOVER-VITAL: Platform Protocol, Appendix to Measure the Effects of Paxlovid on Long COVID Symptoms</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Long COVID-19;   Long COVID<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Paxlovid 25 day dosing;   Drug: Paxlovid 15 day dosing;   Drug: Control<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Kanecia Obie Zimmerman<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study on the Safety and Immune Response of a Booster Dose of Investigational COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines in Healthy Adults</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   SARS-CoV-2<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: CV0701 Bivalent High dose;   Biological: CV0701 Bivalent Medium dose;   Biological: CV0701 Bivalent Low dose;   Biological: CV0601 Monovalent High dose;   Biological: Control vaccine<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   GlaxoSmithKline;   CureVac<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>RECOVER-NEURO: Platform Protocol, Appendix_A to Measure the Effects of BrainHQ, PASC CoRE and tDCS Interventions on Long COVID Symptoms</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Long COVID;   Long Covid19;   Long Covid-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Other: BrainHQ/Active Comparator Activity;   Other: BrainHQ;   Other: PASC CoRE;   Device: tDCS-active;   Device: tDCS-sham<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Duke University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Directed Topical Drug Delivery for Treatment for PASC Hyposmia</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Post Acute Sequelae Covid-19 Hyposmia<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Beclomethasone;   Other: Placebo;   Device: Microsponge<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Duke University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>RECOVER-NEURO: Platform Protocol to Measure the Effects of Cognitive Dysfunction Interventions on Long COVID Symptoms</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Long COVID;   Long Covid19;   Long Covid-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Other: BrainHQ/Active Comparator Activity;   Other: BrainHQ;   Other: PASC CoRE;   Device: tDCS-active;   Device: tDCS-sham<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Duke University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Self-Assembly Properties of an Amphiphilic Phosphate Ester Prodrug Designed for the Treatment of COVID-19</strong> - PF-07304814 is a water-soluble phosphate ester prodrug of a small molecule inhibitor for the SARS CoV-2 3CL protease designed for the treatment of COVID-19. The amphiphilicity and self-assembly behavior of the prodrug was investigated computationally and experimentally via multiple orthogonal techniques to better design formulations for intravenous infusion. The self-assembly of PF-07304814 into micellar structures enabled an increase in the solubility of lipophilic impurities by up to 1900x in…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 hijacks neutralizing dimeric IgA for nasal infection and injury in Syrian hamsters</strong> - ABSTRACTPrevention of robust severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in nasal turbinate (NT) requires in vivo evaluation of IgA neutralizing antibodies. Here, we report the efficacy of receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific monomeric B8-mIgA1 and B8-mIgA2, and dimeric B8-dIgA1, B8-dIgA2 and TH335-dIgA1 against intranasal SARS-CoV-2 challenge in Syrian hamsters. These antibodies exhibited comparable neutralization potency against authentic virus by competing with…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Novel computational and drug design strategies for inhibition of monkeypox virus and <em>Babesia microti</em>: molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation and drug design approach by natural compounds</strong> - CONCLUSION: These advanced computational strategies reported that 11 lead compounds, including dieckol and amentoflavone, exhibited high potency, excellent drug-like properties, and no toxicity. These compounds demonstrated strong binding affinities to the target enzymes, especially dieckol, which displayed superior stability during molecular dynamics simulations. The MM/PBSA method confirmed the favorable binding energies of amentoflavone and dieckol. However, further in vitro and in vivo…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Reflections on access to care for heavy menstrual bleeding: Past, present, and in times of the COVID-19 pandemic</strong> - The symptom of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) affects at least a quarter of reproductive-age menstruators. However, given the variance in diagnosing the underlying causes, barriers, and inequity in access to care for HMB, and therefore reporting of HMB, this figure is likely to be a gross underestimate. HMB can have a detrimental impact on quality of life. From the limited reports available it is estimated that around 50%-80% of people with HMB do not seek care for this debilitating symptom, and…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Inhibition by components of <em>Glycyrrhiza uralensis</em> of 3CLpro and HCoV-OC43 proliferation</strong> - Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). 3CLpro is a key enzyme in coronavirus proliferation and a treatment target for COVID-19. In vitro and in silico, compounds 1-3 from Glycyrrhiza uralensis had inhibitory activity and binding affinity for 3CLpro. These compounds decreased HCoV-OC43 cytotoxicity in RD cells. Moreover, they inhibited viral growth by reducing the amounts of the necessary proteins (M, N,…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>An engineered recombinant protein containing three structural domains in SARS-CoV-2 S2 protein has potential to act as a pan-human coronavirus entry inhibitor or vaccine antigen</strong> - The threat to global health caused by three highly pathogenic human coronaviruses (HCoV), SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, calls for the development of pan-HCoV therapeutics and vaccines. This study reports the design and engineering of a recombinant protein designated HR1LS. It contains 3 linked molecules, each consisting of three structural domains, including a heptad repeat 1 (HR1), a central helix (CH), and a stem helix (SH) region, in the S2 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. It was…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Structural-Based Virtual Screening of FDA-Approved Drugs Repository for NSP16 Inhibitors, Essential for SARS-COV-2 Invasion Into Host Cells: Elucidation From MM/PBSA Calculation</strong> - NSP16 is one of the structural proteins of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) necessary for its entrance to the host cells. It exhibits 2’O-methyl-transferase (2’O-MTase) activity of NSP16 using methyl group from S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) by methylating the 5-end of virally encoded mRNAs and shields viral RNA, and also controls its replication as well as infection. In the present study, we used in silico approaches of drug repurposing to target and inhibit the SAM…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Invalidation of geraniin as a potential inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2 main protease</strong> - Recently, geraniin has been identified as a potent antiviral agent targeting SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro). Considering the potential of geraniin in COVID-19 treatment, a stringent validation for its Mpro inhibition is necessary. Herein, we rigorously evaluated the in vitro inhibitory effect of geraniin on Mpro using the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), fluorescence polarization (FP), and dimerization-dependent red fluorescent protein (ddRFP) assays. Our data indicate that…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Crystal structures of main protease (M<sup>pro</sup>) mutants of SARS-CoV-2 variants bound to PF-07304814</strong> - There is an urgent need to develop effective antiviral drugs to prevent the viral infection caused by constantly circulating SARS-CoV-2 as well as its variants. The main protease (M^(pro)) of SARS-CoV-2 is a salient enzyme that plays a vital role in viral replication and serves as a fascinating therapeutic target. PF-07304814 is a covalent inhibitor targeting SARS-CoV-2 M^(pro) with favorable inhibition potency and drug-like properties, thus making it a promising drug candidate for the treatment…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Direct blue 53, a biological dye, inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection by blocking ACE2 and spike interaction in vitro and in vivo</strong> - COVID-19 is a global health problem caused by SARS-CoV-2, which has led to over 600 million infections and 6 million deaths. Developing novel antiviral drugs is of pivotal importance to slow down the epidemic swiftly. In this study, we identified five azo compounds as effective antiviral drugs to SARS-CoV-2, and mechanism study revealed their targets for impeding viral particles’ ability to bind to host receptors. Direct Blue 53, which displayed the strongest inhibitory impact, inhibited five…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Chicoric Acid Presented NLRP3-Mediated Pyroptosis through Mitochondrial Damage by PDPK1 Ubiquitination in an Acute Lung Injury Model</strong> - Chicoric acid (CA), a functional food ingredient, is a caffeic acid derivative that is mainly found in lettuce, pulsatilla, and other natural plants. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of CA in acute lung injury (ALI) remain poorly understood. This study was conducted to investigate potential drug usage of CA for ALI and the underlying molecular mechanisms of inflammation. C57BL/6 mice were given injections of liposaccharide (LPS) to establish the in vivo model. Meanwhile, BMDM cells were…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Therapeutic effects of tea polyphenol-loaded nanoparticles coated with platelet membranes on LPS-induced lung injury</strong> - Patients with ALI (acute lung injury)/ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) are often septic and with poor prognosis, which leads to a high mortality rate of 25-40%. Despite the advances in medicine, there are no effective pharmacological therapies for ALI/ARDS due to the short systemic circulation and poor specificity in the lungs. To address this problem, we prepared TP-loaded nanoparticles (TP-NPs) through the emulsification-and-evaporation method, and then the platelet membrane vesicles…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Combination of Chinese herbal medicine and conventional western medicine for coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: Potentially, CHM listed in this study, as an adjunctive therapy, combining with CWM is an effective and safe therapy mode for COVID-19. However, more high-quality RCTs are needed to draw more accurate conclusions.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 main protease targeting potent fluorescent inhibitors: Repurposing thioxanthones</strong> - The coronavirus disease, COVID-19, is the major focus of the whole world due to insufficient treatment options. It has spread all around the world and is responsible for the death of numerous human beings. The future consequences for the disease survivors are still unknown. Hence, all contributions to understand the disease and effectively inhibit the effects of the disease have great importance. In this study, different thioxanthone based molecules, which are known to be fluorescent compounds,…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Identification of a small chemical as a lysosomal calcium mobilizer and characterization of its ability to inhibit autophagy and viral infection</strong> - We previously identified GAPDH as one of the cyclic adenosine diphosphoribose (cADPR)’s binding proteins and found that GAPDH participates in cADPR-mediated Ca^(2+) release from ER via ryanodine receptors (RyRs). Here we aimed to chemically synthesize and pharmacologically characterize novel cADPR analogues. Based on the simulated cADPR-GAPDH complex structure, we performed the structure-based drug screening, identified several small chemicals with high docking scores to cADPR’s binding pocket…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The War on Cities</strong> - For nearly two decades, Washington, D.C., had been carefully revising its criminal code. It took a month to blow it all up. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-crime/the-war-on-cities">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Trump’s Subdued Courtroom Appearance</strong> - At his arraignment on Thursday, the former President sat fragile and meek in the defendant’s seat. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/dispatch/trumps-subdued-courtroom-appearance">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Former Federal Prosecutor Explains the Latest Trump Indictment</strong> - The case will hinge on proving whether the former President truly believed that the election was stolen as he attempted to overturn it. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/a-former-federal-prosecutor-explains-the-latest-trump-indictment">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What the Webb Space Telescope Will Show Us Next</strong> - The astrophysicist Jane Rigby talks about the beauty of space, the possibility of life on other planets, and how the Webb sees hidden parts of the universe. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-new-yorker-interview/what-the-webb-space-telescope-will-show-us-next">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Hidden Harms of CPR</strong> - The brutal procedure can save lives, but only in particular cases. Why has it become a default treatment? - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-weekend-essay/the-hidden-harms-of-cpr">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>A reading guide for grownups who don’t read</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="An illustration of open books flying like birds." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/J1TmBi3SGyoznqo7ViMCUsp8lWQ=/934x0:5467x3400/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72518418/GettyImages_1288437092.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Getty Images/iStockphoto
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Librarian secrets to getting into books for the very first time.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GS4anD">
A question I occasionally come across browsing through the bookish internet: <em>I haven’t read a book since high school. I’m thinking of trying one. Where do I start?</em>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7FzPwq">
Or maybe: <em>I got through high school on Sparknotes and bullshit, so I’ve never read a book from cover to cover in my life. I’m interested in seeing what happens if I read an actual book. What should it be? </em>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WBqgX7">
There seems to be, for one reason or another, a surprising number of adults in the world who are literate and fully capable of reading a book, but who have chosen not to for a long time. They might have fallen out of the habit during lockdown, <a href="https://www.vox.com/even-better/23269893/start-reading-ritual-books">when the idea of giving something sustained attention felt impossible</a>; or after they left school, when no one was forcing them to read; or perhaps they never found the habit of reading whole books in the first place.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yWGfnl">
“You have people who just were reluctant readers their whole life and never read,” says Marvin DeBose, manager of the Haverford branch of Philadelphia’s Free Library system. “And then it sometimes happens that as you get older, your peers start talking about ‘I’m in a book club’ and stuff like that. People read at church. That’s what gets them back to reading as they get older.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cTDxth">
“There’s screen fatigue and scroll fatigue, so even people who typically might be inclined to read digitally are finding print again,” says Emily Pullen, manager of reader services at the New York Public Library. “They’re craving something that they can still get entertainment and storytelling from, but they don’t have to be looking at a screen for it.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="P5n3Kr">
If you’re coming back to books for the first time in a long time, or even the first time ever, the idea of sitting down with a whole novel might seem more than a little overwhelming.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yzGinR">
That’s why we’re here. I talked to librarians about the strategies they use to help readers introduce themselves to books, whether it’s for the first time in a long time or the first time, period. Here’s how they go about it.
</p>
<h3 id="YhTtRh">
Know what’s put you off reading in the past
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="U09ToL">
If you have a history of not enjoying reading, it’s helpful to know what it is you didn’t like about it, so you know what to avoid while you plan your next move.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rvfvhc">
“I might ask someone in that situation if they disliked reading in school,” says Pullen. “Ask yourself what it is you didn’t like. Was it just that it was required and therefore you didn’t want to do it? Is it because it was boring, it was too slow, it was too academic? Trying to figure out what it is that someone didn’t like about a book, that can help us to start figuring out what the next best suggestion might be.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="H3goO2">
If you tapped out of books after eighth grade because <em>To Kill a Mockingbird</em> was just way too twee for you, a good librarian or bookseller can use that information to steer you away from nostalgic historical novels about plucky children and toward something with a little more edge. If the thing you didn’t like about reading in school is simply that it was required, you might get a kick out of reading something that feels especially rebellious to start things off.
</p>
<h3 id="GTKJx7">
Know what you like in other media
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ok189q">
“People come to me all the time and say they don’t read anything and are trying to look for something to read,” says DeBose. “What I do first is try to find out their interests. What I found out is that if you find a book about something that interests you, that will mean you’ll read more.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="E9Oo8r">
This strategy doesn’t mean you need to read nonfiction to find your way back into books. You can also think about what you like in TV and movies and video games.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hUb1B2">
“More often than not these days, TV shows are based on books,” says Pullen. “So you can read the books that are in that series, whether it’s <a href="https://bookshop.org/p/books/the-duke-and-i-bridgerton-julia-quinn/6434897"><em>Bridgerton</em></a> or <a href="https://bookshop.org/p/books/a-game-of-thrones-hbo-tie-in-edition-a-song-of-ice-and-fire-book-one-george-r-r-martin/7335867"><em>Game of Thrones</em></a>. Or if you don’t want to read <em>Bridgerton</em> specifically, you can try a book by the same author, and that might be a way to start realizing that good storytelling is good storytelling.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NFhW16">
“They have a lot of books that tie in to movies,” DeBose adds. “If you can find a movie that they’re interested in, a movie that they saw in the past and you can tie in to a book, then that’s a great source right there.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tqlei4">
You might also find that some of the people you like in other media have written their own books.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dBtWTQ">
“If you listen to podcasts, find out if the hosts have published books,” advises Pullen, “because even though it’s a longer form, the voice often will feel immediately familiar. It will be a softer way to build up the muscles back into reading.”
</p>
<h3 id="QkaKcz">
Start small, and don’t be afraid to play with formats
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PYsBYb">
Reading a book requires some sustained attention, and as the cliché goes, attention is a muscle. It requires exercise. If you’re just dipping back into reading, go slowly. There’s no need to set yourself up for failure by trying a book that’s too long for you to deal with right now.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sozthi">
“Don’t immediately jump into an 800-page tome just because your best friend says it’s their favorite book,” says Pullen. “Whether it’s a classic or not — maybe it’s even a page-turner like Stephen King. Starting with something that big could definitely be an intimidating way to go.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="M6nEew">
Luckily, she notes, shorter books like novellas and standalone short stories are <a href="https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/books/a44377129/short-books-popularity/">having a moment these days</a>. “Be a little gentler on yourself,” Pullen says. “You can read something that’s still book-length, but maybe a bit more consumable.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="l0LKU1">
DeBose says he often points inexperienced readers in their late teens and early 20s toward graphic novels. Specifically, he likes G. Neri’s <a href="https://bookshop.org/p/books/yummy-the-last-days-of-a-southside-shorty-g-neri/581942"><em>Yummy: The Last Days of a Southside Shorty</em></a>. “It’s an easy read and correlates to some of the stuff that’s going on now. I use it all the time and I’m batting a hundred percent,” he says.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hP2eaD">
Lala Rodgers, a branch manager for the Chicago Public Library, recommends audiobooks as a good resource for people who aren’t used to reading. “They might be able to listen and read along while they’re listening,” she says. “It might be more engaging. I’m a big audiobook person myself.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TWbvHU">
You don’t have to read along as you listen, either. You can listen to audiobooks as you do housework or drive, and that will still count as reading. Graphic novels count, too. They will both help you get back into the swing of paying sustained and active attention to a story, which is the skill you’re trying to build here.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AuIWPP">
Regardless of what approach you take to get back into reading, the most important thing you can do is ask for help.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7KZz7F">
“​​I firmly believe that there is a perfect book for every reader,” says Pullen. “But there are so many books right now it can be overwhelming. That’s what booksellers and librarians are for: to help you wade through the sea of so much that is published in order to find something that will speak to you.”
</p></li>
<li><strong>How to get back money you didn’t even know you were owed</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="An illustration of a hand and arm in a business jacket holding a small stack of dollar bills and a pile of change." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/HMfXfNmI5Dvwm8FXG06zorlj0cE=/454x0:4729x3206/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72518354/GettyImages_529386299.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Find checks, security deposits, and refunds on unclaimed property.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hGEtOv">
There’s nothing like the little thrill of finding a few crumpled dollar bills in the pocket of a jacket you haven’t worn in a while. You might have more cash you forgot about waiting for retrieval — all it takes is a quick search online.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="O1PXtz">
Each US state, plus Washington, DC, Puerto Rico, the US Virgin Islands, Kenya, and several provinces in Canada, keeps a record of unclaimed property that people can then collect. <a href="https://nast.enrich.org/start/start-here-unclaimed-property">Unclaimed properties</a> are assets and money people forgot they had — like uncashed checks (often a final check from an employer), money in old checking or savings accounts, refunds, security deposits, or the contents of a safe deposit box. About <a href="https://unclaimed.org/what-is-unclaimed-property/">one in seven Americans has unclaimed property</a>, according to the National Association of Unclaimed Property Administrators.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<div id="b0JL5z">
<div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PvZYFB">
For example, if you didn’t give a former landlord a forwarding address for your security deposit and didn’t deposit the check for an extended period of time — usually three to five years, depending on the state where you live — that money becomes “unclaimed.” The asset is then turned over to the state until you claim it. The state will hold onto the money until it’s claimed by you, or in the event of your death, your heirs.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="v4UTgd">
“In the state of Colorado [the money is held in] a trust fund,” says Colorado State Treasurer <a href="https://treasury.colorado.gov/about-treasurer-dave-young">Dave Young</a>. “We hold the money or safety deposit box contents in perpetuity.”
</p>
<h3 id="L1suUD">
How to claim missing money
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Hkp76j">
You can check to see if you have any unclaimed property by searching your name, or former names, on <a href="https://missingmoney.com/">MissingMoney.com</a>, which is managed by the National Association of Unclaimed Property Administrators. (The average claim value is <a href="https://missingmoney.com/">just over $2,000</a>, per MissingMoney.com.) The results may include hundreds of entries for people with the same or similar names, but you should only attempt to claim assets that are associated with addresses you’ve had in states, provinces, or even countries you’ve lived or worked in. Businesses and nonprofits may also have unclaimed property.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fWYQuI">
“Somebody may be a US citizen, but may have lived for a time in one of the [Canadian] provinces, Puerto Rico, Kenya,” Young says. “Likewise, somebody may have come in here to live and is still working through a process of becoming a citizen or is under some kind of visa and has maybe gotten separated from their money.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xfpT2S">
<a href="https://unclaimed.org/can-i-really-search-for-free/">Searching for unclaimed property is free</a>. Sometimes third-party companies will charge a fee to locate lost property, and these companies are legal. However, all information on unclaimed property is available at no charge online.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IsmopE">
To claim an asset, click the “claim” button. You may be navigated to your state’s specific treasury website. You’ll need to prove your identity by providing your name, social security number, a copy of your ID, phone number, email address, and mailing address. You can claim assets on behalf of a deceased relative, but you’ll need proper documentation that shows you are the executor or administrator for your relative.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EkANa3">
After the state reviews your materials, you might be asked for more information to prove your identity. If not, the state will mail a check for the amount you’re owed, usually within a few weeks. For claims larger than $1,000, you might need to provide a notarized claim form, Young says.
</p>
<h3 id="16lmtw">
How to keep your money from going missing
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zV0FMD">
In order to prevent your money from becoming unclaimed in the first place, make sure all your accounts — checking, savings, IRAs, etc. — are active by making deposits or withdrawals periodically. Make sure your contact information is up to date for these accounts as well.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="37lIzB">
Don’t forget to check MissingMoney.com at least once a year to see if any new assets have been added. “Don’t leave it behind,” Young says. “This is your money.”
</p></li>
<li><strong>In Texas, a temporary win for abortion rights</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="US-POLITICS-ABORTION-WOMEN-LAW" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/iIO6AuZXhC2dEUNbmyhJC7SKPNI=/888x0:8568x5760/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72517609/1545392186.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Center for Reproductive Rights attorney Molly Duane speaks during a press conference outside the Travis County Courthouse in Austin, Texas on July 20, 2023. | Suzanne Cordeiro/AFP via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Vague health exceptions to extreme abortion bans aren’t just a Texas problem.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XV2Icu">
A Texas state court on Friday sided with a group of women and doctors suing the state, saying that exceptions to Texas’ stringent <a href="https://www.vox.com/abortion">abortion</a> restrictions are too vague and prevented or delayed people from getting abortion care when their lives or health were at risk.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZLkevb">
Texas’ SB 8, which passed before <a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/5/3/23055125/roe-v-wade-abortion-rights-supreme-court-dobbs-v-jackson"><em>Roe v. Wade</em></a><em> </em>was overturned last year, bans abortions past six weeks with some exceptions and deputizes citizens to enforce the law by suing people who aid or abet abortion, putting healthcare providers at legal risk. Under the law, doctors can provide abortion care if the health or life of the pregnant person is at risk; but the lack of clarity around what those conditions meant had a chilling effect on doctors in the state — and had serious effects on patients’ health
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OTWp6H">
Judge Jessica Mangrum of the Travis County District Court ruled Friday in <em>Zurawski v. State of Texas</em> that physicians could use their “good faith judgement” to perform an abortion for a patient who has, “a physical medical condition or complication of pregnancy that poses a risk of infection, or otherwise makes continuing a pregnancy unsafe for the pregnant person; a physical medical condition that is exacerbated by pregnancy, cannot be effectively treated during pregnancy, or requires recurrent invasive intervention; and/or a fetal condition where the fetus is unlikely to survive the pregnancy and sustain life after birth,” according to <a href="https://reproductiverights.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Zurawski-v-Texas_TI.pdf">the ruling</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZuXKNG">
The Texas Attorney General’s office filed an appeal in the case on Friday night, staying the injunction while the case is on appeal, according to <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/04/us/texas-abortion-ban-lawsuit-ruling.html?action=click&amp;pgtype=Article&amp;state=default&amp;module=styln-abortion-us&amp;variant=show&amp;region=MAIN_CONTENT_1&amp;block=storyline_top_links_recirc">the New York Times</a>, and accusing Mangrum of trying “to override Texas abortion laws.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fw9Big">
Mangrum’s injunction would block SB 8’s vigilante enforcement mechanism from being enacted against any patients seeking abortions for medical reasons or against the physicians who perform those procedures — and furthermore states that doing so would violate pregnant people’s rights under Texas’s constitution.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mCuGDb">
Though Mangrum’s injunction is presently on hold, it’s important for two main reasons that are not exclusive to Texas: It forces clarity around abortion exceptions and protects doctors and patients; and it establishes that punishing people who seek or provide abortions under those circumstances is unconstitutional.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eiZ3vO">
Though the eventual, final ruling will apply only to Texas, it’s not the only state where unclear legislation is limiting access to medically necessary abortion. And it’s not the only state where reproductive health advocates are grappling with the right to abortion under the state’s constitution.
</p>
<h3 id="WY5DzY">
The vagueness and chilling effect are the point
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lArzuD">
As anti-abortion state legislators have enacted bans throughout the country, they’ve had to grapple with the complexities of abortion care and reproductive health. Most<strong> </strong>pregnancies are safe and healthy, but some cause severe complications or are not viable. Overturning <em>Roe v. Wade </em>didn’t change those conditions or provide better prenatal healthcare, it just made pregnancy more dangerous in many states.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Gc3W1v">
“[Anti-choice legislators] could make whatever political points they wanted to because they had a backstop,” with <em>Roe v. Wade </em>in place, South Carolina Senate Minority Leader <a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/9/10/23344663/south-carolina-gop-vote-legislation-abortion">Brad Hutto told Vox in September</a>. “They knew nothing they passed was ever going to go into effect. They could pass all they wanted to, and it didn’t matter — and it allowed them to let their rhetoric to just soar to the red meat of their party because they could gin up the party knowing that nothing they said was ever going to be enacted into law. Then, all of a sudden […] it’s like the dog that caught the bus.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xZBMOr">
With SB 8, Texas legislators not only passed a restrictive abortion ban but they empowered ordinary Texans to interpret and prosecute the ban. That compounds the risk for physicians who provide abortion care, in some sense, because they don’t know the conditions under which they can do so — or who might bring a $10,000 lawsuit against them for doing their jobs.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jO447P">
Meanwhile, the state argued in court that the law was clear enough — and if anyone who should have had an abortion was denied one, it was the physician’s fault, not the law’s or the state’s.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VwqANO">
“Physicians have been begging for guidance […] since SB 8 went into effect,” Molly Duane, senior staff attorney at the Center for Reproductive Rights, told Vox in an interview. “No one from the state has provided any guidance, and in fact the only thing the attorney general’s office has done is file their own lawsuit challenging some guidance from Health and Human Services — the federal department that oversees the practice of medicine — saying that a federal statute called <a href="https://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/Legislation/EMTALA">EMTALA</a> which allows abortion care and any other care in an emergency, that that shouldn’t apply in Texas.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hQGNEP">
Like in Texas, Indiana’s legislature passed a near-total abortion ban that went into effect on August 1. It’s a hostile state for people who need abortions; medication abortion is illegal, and <a href="https://indianacapitalchronicle.com/2023/07/20/indiana-attorney-general-todd-rokita-targets-reproductive-health-care-diversity-in-latest-letters/">Attorney General Todd Rokita</a> in June signed a letter opposing an amendment to HIPAA, the federal medical privacy law, which would prevent state officials from accessing information about patients who traveled out of state to get an abortion.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7qILrb">
Rebecca Gibron, CEO of Planned Parenthood Great Northwest, Hawaii, Alaska, Indiana, and Kentucky, told Vox in an interview that the lack of clarity in these laws is the point. “These laws, and this new law, are incredibly confusing,” she said. ”Extreme lawmakers are writing these laws intentionally to cause harm, to create chaos and confusion both for providers and for patients.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jpXwE4">
Gibron’s organization filed suit in the state <a href="https://www.vox.com/scotus">Supreme Court</a> to block the law from going into effect pending a case in trial court which would provide clarity specifically around the health exceptions to Indiana’s abortion ban. “It doesn’t stop the ban from going into effect, it simply is asking the court to clarify the health exception and to block the section of the ban that limits healthcare providers’ ability to offer abortions in cases where the health of the pregnant person is threatened,” she said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Gbl1OZ">
Without that clarity, not only are patients risking their lives with a pregnancy and doctors risking their practices, but it could cause a brain drain for reproductive healthcare providers who feel they can’t safely practice in the states where they live. That’s especially grave in a place like Indiana which has the <a href="https://policyinstitute.iu.edu/doc/maternal-mortality-brief.pdf">third-highest maternal mortality rate in the country</a> — and it’s <a href="https://www.in.gov/health/frp/files/MMR-Report-September-2022.pdf">increased 58 percent in the past three years</a>.
</p>
<h3 id="uOJVh3">
How pregnant people can be protected under state constitutions
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7tDEn3">
<em>Zurawski v. State of Texas</em> hinged on the testimony of 13 women and two physicians, who told the court about their life- or health-threatening pregnancies, and how difficult it was to get abortion care when they needed it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UyQMuB">
Their argument was that although Texas doesn’t have enshrined in the constitution a right to abortion, the plaintiffs and people like them — those who need an abortion for medical reasons — <em>are </em>protected under the state’s constitution.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IgwtYS">
“Texas’ constitution has a right to life and liberty, plus they have an equal rights amendment — so, that guarantees equal treatment to women and men, something that does not exist in the federal Constitution,” Duane said. “We brought these life, liberty, and equality claims to the Texas state court because that is the source of the rights, is Texas law and the Texas constitution.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bZof7x">
Duane and her team argued for clarification of the law, but they were also arguing, she told Vox, that “the bare minimum that we believe that pregnant people in Texas are entitled to is protection of their life and health, even while they’re pregnant.”
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The case will now go to Texas’ appellate court, and then to the state Supreme Court — which, Duane noted, is not known for its progressive stance on abortion.
</p>
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Other states have used the constitution more overtly to protect the right to abortion; Ohio will hold an election on Tuesday deciding <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2023/08/04/issue-1-ohio-abortion-explained/">State Issue 1,</a> which could limit the ability to amend the state constitution through further ballot measures — <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Ohio_Right_to_Make_Reproductive_Decisions_Including_Abortion_Initiative_(2023)">including one that would enshrine the right to abortion in Ohio’s constitution</a>. That measure will be voted on November 7 and would codify Ohioans’ right to ”make and carry out [their] own reproductive decisions.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="O0NRte">
Abortion is presently legal in Ohio until viability despite a 2019 law banning the procedure after about six weeks of pregnancy. A county court judge stayed that law last year after <em>Roe v. Wade</em> was overturned, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/06/us/ohio-abortion-rights-ballot.html">ruling that Ohio’s state constitution grants the right to abortion because it gives women equal protection and benefit under the law</a>.
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</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Australian Open Super 500 badminton championship: H.S. Prannoy misses out on title, bows out in final</strong> - World No. 24 Chinese shuttler Weng Hongyang had a hard-fought victory in a battle that lasted for three games</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Gukesh is spearheading India’s rise: Viswanathan Anand on the teenager overtaking him in FIDE ranking</strong> - Gukesh posted a win over Azerbaijan’s Misratdin Iskandarov in a second round match of the World Cup in Baku to overtake his idol Anand in live world (FIDE) rankings</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Kuldeep is bowling well and that is why team is backing him: Chahal</strong> - Chahal did not make the playing eleven in the three ODIs against the West Indies</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Four Nations Para-Badminton International tournament | Pramod Bhagat, Sukant Kadam enter semifinals</strong> - Pramod Bhagat has made it to the semis in all categories while Sukant Kadam has made it in two categories</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Manchester United ropes in Denmark striker Hojlund</strong> - Hojlund agreed a five-year contract with the option of a further season as United manager Erik ten Hag finally got his wish to bring in a striker ahead of the new Premier League campaign</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>18-month-old child from Pudukottai, treated for bleeding in the brain, dies of complications at ICH</strong> - The child, which was born preterm, was admitted in Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital on June 25 after shunt tube was expelled from his body; the child was shifted to the Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children on July 1</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Former Netball player Prachi Tehlan joins Yuvata-Haritha green drive in Rajamahendravaram in Andhra Pradesh</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Camel treated at Kollam Veterinary Centre</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Redevelopment work of Bantwal and Subrahmanya Road Stations to start soon: Kateel</strong> - Mr. Kateel said the Centre has already sanctioned ₹26.18 crore and ₹23.73 crore respectively for redevelopment of Bantwal and Subrahmanya Road Railway stations</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>No scope for holding talks with Karnataka over Cauvery issue: TN Minister</strong> -</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Russia hits blood transfusion centre, says Zelensky</strong> - President Volodymyr Zelensky described the attack as a “war crime” and perpetrators as “beasts”.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sweden 0-0 USA (pens: 5-4): World Cup holders knocked out on penalties</strong> - Sweden progress to the quarter-finals of the Women’s World Cup thanks to a penalty shootout win over the USA.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Two migrants dead, 30 missing after shipwrecks off Italian coast</strong> - The Italian coastguard recovered the bodies of a one-year-old baby and a woman from the Ivory Coast.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Italian fugitive Vincenzo La Porta caught in Greece thanks to football photo</strong> - Vincenzo La Porta has been on the run for 11 years but was tracked down to Greece by police.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Russian soprano star sues NYC opera over firing</strong> - Anna Netrebko was dropped by the Met Opera last year after refusing to denounce Russia’s president.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>T cells burn out just a few hours after encountering cancer tumors</strong> - Why do T cells become exhausted within a few hours of bumping into cancer? - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1959111">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Review: Oppenheimer is pure visual poetry</strong> - Technically it’s a biopic, but it doesn’t play like one. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1957638">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What are “drainer smart contracts” and why is the FBI warning of them?</strong> - Scam sites often pose as outlets selling non-fungible tokens. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1959148">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A look at the surprising history of the earliest rocket pioneers</strong> - A review of the book <em>From the Earth to Mars</em>. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1959045">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Unlimited miles and nights: Vulnerability found in rewards programs</strong> - Points.com, used by major travel rewards programs, exposed user data… and more. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1959041">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Woman visits a bank on downtown NYC…</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
…and asks for a short-term $10,000 loan. Banker asks her for collateral, and she hands him the keys to her Mercedes. She says she’s going on a vacation, and will return the following week to repay the debt and retrieve her car.
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Week later, she picks up the vehicle and pays back the loan, plus $50 interest.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Banker says, “Thanks for doing business with us. But, while you were away, we did a bit of research and discovered you are an extremely wealthy woman. Why did you need a loan?”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
She replied, “Where else can I park my vehicle for $50 for a week in NYC?”
</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/showthedata"> /u/showthedata </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/15jf7ck/woman_visits_a_bank_on_downtown_nyc/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/15jf7ck/woman_visits_a_bank_on_downtown_nyc/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Little Johnny’s mother was upset about her son’s swearing habit, so she takes him to the church.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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There, the priest is waiting. After finishing her own confessions, Little Johnny’s mother talks about her situation.
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“I don’t know what to do with my son anymore, Father,” she says. “He started a while ago to say swear words, and now he is saying one in every sentence.”
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“Why, I have just the perfect solution,” the priest smiles. “How is he financially? I mean, does your son have a piggy bank or something?”
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“He keeps his savings, once in a while he gets one coin or two,” the mother replies.
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“Very well!” The priest exclaimed. “Make him donate ten cents for the church for each time you catch him or know from someone that he said a swear word. Come back at the end of the month with him to give to the poor box everything he owes. Maybe financial pressure will control him.”
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“Great, Father!” The mother grinned. “I’ll start today.”
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<em>At the end of the month…</em>
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The mother comes back to the church. She seems unamused. The priest noticed her bad mood and asked:
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“So, tell me, how it went?”
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“Yeah, Father, he is quite a chatterbox, he owes $9,90,” the mother revealed, then turning to her son. “Little Johnny, come here! Give the money to the priest.”
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Little Johnny comes, quite ashamed, and hands the priest a $10 bill.
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“Ten dollars?” The priest said. “I’m afraid I don’t have ten cents to do change.”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Oh, Father, don’t worry,” Little Johnny smiled. “Just go fuck yourself and we’re even.”
</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/PensadorDispensado"> /u/PensadorDispensado </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/15j11wn/little_johnnys_mother_was_upset_about_her_sons/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/15j11wn/little_johnnys_mother_was_upset_about_her_sons/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Pope dies and goes to the gates of heaven.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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St Peter says, “Welcome to heaven. As is tradition, you are granted one request upon entering.” The Pope responds, “I would like to speak with God.” St Peter says, “I’m not sure if God is available, and who exactly are you?” The Pope replies “I’m the Pope.” St Peter says, “Doesn’t ring a bell. Let me talk to God real quick.” So St Peter walks in to God’s room. He tells god, “There’s a man who wants to see you. He calls himself, ‘The Pope.’” God replies, “well I don’t know who that is.” St Peter says, “Me neither. Hey, I’ve got an idea. Let’s send Jesus to talk to him, he spent some time down there.” God agrees with his idea. So they call Jesus and tell him to speak with the man at the Gates. Jesus walks up to the Pope and starts talking with him. A few minutes later, Jesus comes walking back to God and St Peter, laughing really loudly. God asks, “what’s so funny?” Jesus responds, “apparently the fishing club I started 2000 years ago still exists.”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/stalkerduck_407"> /u/stalkerduck_407 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/15javof/the_pope_dies_and_goes_to_the_gates_of_heaven/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/15javof/the_pope_dies_and_goes_to_the_gates_of_heaven/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>I Dyed A Bit When I Wrote This</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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Many years ago, I came home from work one day and noticed by fiance had dyed her hair.
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“Purple, really?”
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“Fushia”
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“What’s the difference?”
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“Fuschia is purple with some red and pink in it., It’s not really purple.”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A gave her a hard time for a long time, until she grew tired of it, and eventually dyed her hair blonde. I knew she wasn’t completely happy with the change, and felt bad for it, and told her that I didn’t really mind the purple, which admittedly earned me a dirty look.
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Then one day, I came home from work, and she had dyed her hair again. I couldn’t resist. “Purple again? I feel like I’m time traveling.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
She smiled and replied, no, “I thought I’d just go back to the fushia.”
</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/nagennif"> /u/nagennif </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/15ji07r/i_dyed_a_bit_when_i_wrote_this/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/15ji07r/i_dyed_a_bit_when_i_wrote_this/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A drunk man was at the checkout waiting to buy more beer when…</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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..a young women behind him began placing her items down. She had a bottle of wine, ice cream, scented candles, a magazine, and some tampons. She notices the drunk man watching her and decides to add condoms to her pile from off the rack. The man looks the at the items, then back at her and drunkenly states, you’re single aren’t you. The confused woman replies, yes but how could you possibly know that? The drunk man looks at her and says, because you’re fucking ugly!
</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/HotDonkey_420"> /u/HotDonkey_420 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/15jay9g/a_drunk_man_was_at_the_checkout_waiting_to_buy/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/15jay9g/a_drunk_man_was_at_the_checkout_waiting_to_buy/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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