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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Healthcare worker intentions to receive a COVID-19 vaccine and reasons for hesitancy: A survey of 16,158 health system employees on the eve of vaccine distribution</strong> -
<div>
Healthcare workers (HCWs) have been recommended to receive first priority for limited COVID-19 vaccines. They have also been identified as potential ambassadors of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, helping to ensure that sufficient members of a hesitant public accept COVID-19 vaccines to achieve population immunity. Yet HCWs themselves have shown vaccine hesitancy in other contexts and the few prior surveys of U.S. HCW intentions to receive a COVID-19 vaccine report acceptance rates of only 28% to 34%. However, it is unknown whether HCW acceptance remains low following mid-November announcements of the efficacy of the first COVID-19 vaccines and the issuance of two emergency use authorizations (EUA) in December. We report the results of a December 2020 survey (N = 16,158; response rate 61%) administered by a large Pennsylvania health system to determine the intentions of its employees to receive a vaccine when it is offered to them. In a mixed sample of individuals serving in patient-facing and other roles, 55% would decide to receive a COVID-19 vaccine when offered, 16.4% would not, and 28.5% reported being undecided. The distribution of responses varied little across hospital campuses, between those in patient-facing roles and other HCWs, or by area or department of work. The higher rate of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance we observe may reflect the framing and timing of our survey. Among hesitant respondents, an overwhelming majority (90.3%) reported concerns about unknown risks and insufficient data. Other commonly reported concerns included known side effects (57.4%) and wanting to wait until they see how it goes with others (44.4%). We observed a substantial increase in self-reported intent to receive a COVID-19 vaccine after an FDA advisory committee voted to recommend an EUA. Among respondents who completed the survey after that point in time, 79% intend to receive a COVID-19 vaccine (n = 1155). Although only suggestive, this trend offers hope that rates of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance may be higher among HCWs and, perhaps, the general public than more hypothetical survey results have indicated.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/ge6uh/" target="_blank">Healthcare worker intentions to receive a COVID-19 vaccine and reasons for hesitancy: A survey of 16,158 health system employees on the eve of vaccine distribution</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Glycyrrhizin effectively neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 in vitro by inhibiting the viral main protease</strong> -
<div>
The newly emerged coronavirus, which was designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the COVID-19 disease. High effective and well-tolerated medication for hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients is urgently needed. Traditional herbal medicine substances were discussed as promising candidates for the complementary treatment of viral diseases and recently suggested for the treatment of COVID-19. In the present study, we investigated aqueous licorice root extract for its neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, identified the active compound glycyrrhizin and uncovered the respective mechanism of viral neutralization. We demonstrated that glycyrrhizin, the primary active ingredient of the licorice root, potently neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 by inhibiting the viral main protease. Our experiments highlight glycyrrhizin as a potential antiviral compound that should be further investigated for the treatment of COVID-19.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.18.423104v1" target="_blank">Glycyrrhizin effectively neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 in vitro by inhibiting the viral main protease</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Mental health among pregnant women during the pandemic in Sweden, a mixed methods approach using data from the Mom2B mobile application for research</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Public health emergencies such as the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic have significant impact on mental health, and have been shown to impact on already prevalent affective disorders during and after pregnancy. The aim of this study was to utilize modern tools to assess depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as wellbeing and life changes in pregnant women during the pandemic in Sweden, where no lockdown has been in place. Data from the Mom2B, a national ongoing mobile application-based study of pregnant and newly-delivered women were utilized. Participants (n= 1345) filled out self-report screeners of depression, anxiety and wellbeing. Questions about COVID symptoms and effects on life and health care were added from March 2020. Movement data was collected using the phone9s GPS sensor. Mood scores were compared with throughout the months of 2020 and to the levels of a previous collected material. Highest levels of depression and anxiety were evident in April and October 2020. Symptoms were higher among those feeling socially isolated, but not for those infected or with symptomatic family members. Wellbeing and mobility were strongly positively correlated and were lowest in April. Women reported on cancelled healthcare appointments and worry about their partners being absent from the delivery. The Mom2B application enabled gathering information at a national level in real-time as the pandemic has been evolving. Levels of perinatal affective symptoms and low wellbeing were elevated compared with previous years as well as with months with fewer cases of SARS-Cov-2. Similar applications can help healthcare providers and governmental bodies to in real time monitor high-risk groups during crises, as well as to adjust measures and the support offered.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.18.20248466v1" target="_blank">Mental health among pregnant women during the pandemic in Sweden, a mixed methods approach using data from the Mom2B mobile application for research</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The impact of the first UK Covid-19 lockdown on carers and people living with low prevalence dementia: results from the Rare Dementia Support survey</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Introduction The public health measures imposed to contain Covid-19 during the first UK lockdown resulted in significant changes in the provision of community support and care for people with dementia. People with low prevalence and young-onset dementias often experience non-memory, behavioural or neuropsychiatric symptoms that require specialised support. Objective We explored the impact of the first Covid-19 lockdown on people living with low prevalence and young-onset dementia and their carers in the UK. Method An online survey, including eleven questions about the impact of the lockdown on both the person with dementia and their family caregivers was conducted. Participants were people living with dementia and caregivers who are members of the UK national-reach organisation Rare Dementia Support. Results 184 carers and 24 people with dementia completed the survey. People with dementia experienced worsening of cognitive symptoms (70%), ability to do things (62%) and well-being (57%) according to their carers. Carers also reported a reduction in the support received for caring (55%). 93% of carers of people living in care homes reported a reduction in their ability to provide care. 26% of carers reported changes in the medication of the person with dementia during the lockdown. 74% of people with dementia reported decreased ability to connect with people socially. Conclusions People with dementia experienced a worsening of dementia symptoms, removal of support and increased difficulty to connect with other people socially during the 1st wave of Covid-19. Carers encountered barriers to both receiving and providing support and a decline in their own mental health and well-being.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.18.20248455v1" target="_blank">The impact of the first UK Covid-19 lockdown on carers and people living with low prevalence dementia: results from the Rare Dementia Support survey</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibody Profiles Distinguish Patients with Moderate from Severe COVID-19</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The production of SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies is widely considered as a key mechanism for COVID-19 resolution and protection. However, beyond their protective function, antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 may also participate in disease pathogenesis. To explore the potential relationship between virus-specific humoral responses and COVID-19 immunopathology, we measured serum antibody classes and subclasses to the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the nucleoprotein in a cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with moderate to severe disease. We found that RBD-specific IgG1 and IgG3 dominated the humoral response to SARS-CoV-2, were more abundant in severe patients, and positively correlated with several clinical parameters of inflammation. In contrast, a virus-specific IgA2 response skewed toward RBD rather than NP associated with a more favorable clinical course. Interestingly, RBD-dominant IgA2 responses were mostly detected in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, suggesting the possible involvement of intrinsically tolerogenic gut immune pathways in the attenuation of virus-induced inflammation and disease resolution.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.18.20248461v1" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibody Profiles Distinguish Patients with Moderate from Severe COVID-19</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Effects of obesity on serum levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in COVID-19 patients</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2), cause of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease of 2019), represents a significant risk to people living with pre-existing conditions associated with exacerbated inflammatory responses and consequent dysfunctional immunity. In this paper, we have evaluated the effects of obesity, a condition associated with chronic systemic inflammation, on the secretion of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies in the blood of COVID-19 patients. Results have shown that SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies are negatively associated with Body Mass Index (BMI) in COVID-19 obese patients, as expected based on the known effects of obesity on humoral immunity. Antibodies in COVID-19 obese patients are also negatively associated with serum levels of pro-inflammatory and metabolic markers of inflammaging and pulmonary inflammation, such as SAA (serum amyloid A protein), CRP (C-reactive protein) and ferritin, but positively associated with NEFA (nonesterified fatty acids). These results altogether could help to identify an inflammatory signature with strong predictive value for immune dysfunction that could be targeted to improve humoral immunity in individuals with obesity as well as with other chronic inflammatory conditions.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.18.20248483v1" target="_blank">Effects of obesity on serum levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in COVID-19 patients</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Failure to replicate the association of rare loss-of-function variants in type I IFN immunity genes with severe COVID-19</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A recent report found that rare predicted loss-of-function (pLOF) variants across 13 candidate genes in TLR3- and IRF7-dependent type I IFN pathways explain up to 3.5% of severe COVID-19 cases. We performed whole-exome or whole-genome sequencing of 1,934 COVID-19 cases (713 with severe and 1,221 with mild disease) and 15,251 ancestry-matched population controls across four independent COVID-19 biobanks. We then tested if rare pLOF variants in these 13 genes were associated with severe COVID-19. We identified only one rare pLOF mutation across these genes amongst 713 cases with severe COVID-19 and observed no enrichment of pLOFs in severe cases compared to population controls or mild COVID-19 cases. We find no evidence of association of rare loss-of-function variants in the proposed 13 candidate genes with severe COVID-19 outcomes.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.18.20248226v1" target="_blank">Failure to replicate the association of rare loss-of-function variants in type I IFN immunity genes with severe COVID-19</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Genetic correlations between COVID-19 and a variety of diseases and other medically relevant traits</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
We analyzed GWAS results released by COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative, UK biobank and GWAS Catalog to explore the genetic overlap between COVID-19 and a broad spectrum of traits and diseases. We validate previously reported medical conditions and risk factors based on epidemiological studies, including but not limited to hypertension, type 2 diabetes and obesity. We also report novel traits associated with COVID-19, which have not been previously reported from epidemiological data, such as opioid use and educational attainment. Taken together, this study extends our understanding of the genetic basis of COVID-19, and provides target traits for further epidemiological studies.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.18.20248319v1" target="_blank">Genetic correlations between COVID-19 and a variety of diseases and other medically relevant traits</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Public adherence to governmental recommendations regarding quarantine and testing for COVID-19 in two Norwegian cohorts</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background Combatting the COVID-19 pandemic relies at present on non-pharmacological interventions. Governments are using various approaches from general advice to full lockdown. There is a need to describe and understand adherence to public health actions. Methods Participants from two ongoing cohorts, the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and The Norwegian Influenza Pregnancy Cohort (NorFlu), answered questionnaires every 14 days since March 2020. From the summer of 2020, testing for presence of SARS-CoV-2 became easily available. Recommendations were that respiratory symptoms should lead to testing, and that confirmed or suspected COVID-19 should be followed by quarantine. We estimated the adherence to these guidelines in responses from cohort participants in the period August to October 2020. Results Less than 40% of men who were ill and less than 45% of women who were ill, tested themselves for SARS-CoV-2 during the same 14-day periods. Among subjects tested for COVID-19, about 53% of men and 59% of women reported quarantine. For subjects with a confirmed or suspected COVID-19 diagnosis, the proportions quarantined were 65% for men and 72% for women. Conclusions Public adherence to governmental recommendations regarding testing and quarantine were lower than expected in a country with high trust in government. This leaves considerable room for improvement in adherence, possibly reducing the need for more restrictive interventions.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.18.20248405v1" target="_blank">Public adherence to governmental recommendations regarding quarantine and testing for COVID-19 in two Norwegian cohorts</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Forecasting daily confirmed COVID-19 cases in Algeria using ARIMA models</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
ABSTRACT Coronavirus disease has become a worldwide threat affecting almost every country in the world. The aim of this study is to identify the COVID-19 cases (positive, recovery and death) in Algeria using the Double Exponential Smoothing Method and an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model for forecasting the COVID-19 cases. The data for this study were obtained from March 21st, 2020 to November 26th, 2020. The daily Algerian COVID-19 confirmed cases were sourced from The Ministry of Health, Population and Hospital Reform of Algeria. Based on the results of PACF, ACF, and estimated parameters of the ARIMA model in the COVID-19 case in Algeria following the ARIMA model (0,1,1). Observed cases during the forecast period were accurately predicted and were placed within the prediction intervals generated by the fitted model. This study shows that ARIMA models with optimally selected covariates are useful tools for monitoring and predicting trends of COVID-19 cases in Algeria. Keywords: COVID-19, Time series, Double Exponential Smoothing, ARIMA; forecast, Algeria.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.18.20248340v1" target="_blank">Forecasting daily confirmed COVID-19 cases in Algeria using ARIMA models</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>An expedited approach towards the rationale design of non-covalent SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors with in vitro antiviral activity</strong> -
<div>
The main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is a validated antiviral drug target. Several Mpro inhibitors have been reported with potent enzymatic inhibition and cellular antiviral activity, including GC376, boceprevir, calpain inhibitors II and XII, each containing a reactive warhead that covalently modifies the catalytic Cys145. In this study, we report an expedited drug discovery approach by coupling structure-based design and Ugi four-component (Ugi-4CR) reaction methodology to the design of non-covalent Mpro inhibitors. The most potent compound 23R had cellular antiviral activity similar to covalent inhibitors such as GC376. Our designs were guided by overlaying the structure of SARS-CoV Mpro + ML188 (R), a non-covalent inhibitor derived from Ug-4CR, with the X-ray crystal structures of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro + calpain inhibitor XII/GC376/UAWJ247. Binding site analysis suggests a strategy of extending the P2 and P3 substitutions in ML188 (R) to achieve optimal shape complementary with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Lead optimization led to the discovery of 23R, which inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and SARS-CoV-2 viral replication with an IC50 of 0.31 microM and EC50 of 1.27 microM, respectively. The binding and specificity of 23R to SARS-CoV-2 Mpro were confirmed in a thermal shift assay and native mass spectrometry assay. The co-crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro with 23R revealed the P2 biphenyl fits snuggly into the S2 pocket and the benzyl group in the -methylbenzyl faces towards the core of the enzyme, occupying a previously unexplored binding site located in between the S2 and S4 pockets. Overall, this study revealed the most potent non-covalent SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors reported to date and a novel binding pocket that can be explored for Mpro inhibitor design.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.19.423537v1" target="_blank">An expedited approach towards the rationale design of non-covalent SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors with in vitro antiviral activity</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Sterilizing immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in hamsters conferred by a novel recombinant subunit vaccine</strong> -
<div>
A safe and effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is essential to avert the on-going COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we developed a subunit vaccine, which is comprised of CHO-expressed spike ectodomain protein (StriFK) and nitrogen bisphosphonates-modified zinc-aluminum hybrid adjuvant (FH002C). This vaccine candidate rapidly elicited the robust humoral response, Th1/Th2 balanced helper CD4 T cell and CD8 T cell immune response in animal models. In mice, hamsters, and non-human primates, 2-shot and 3-shot immunization of StriFK-FH002C generated 28- to 38-fold and 47- to 269-fold higher neutralizing antibody titers than the human COVID-19 convalescent plasmas, respectively. More importantly, the StriFK-FH002C immunization conferred sterilizing immunity to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission, which also protected animals from virus-induced weight loss, COVID-19-like symptoms, and pneumonia in hamsters. Vaccine-induced neutralizing and cell-based receptor-blocking antibody titers correlated well with protective efficacy in hamsters, suggesting vaccine-elicited protection is immune-associated. The StriFK-FH002C provided a promising SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate for further clinical evaluation.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.18.423552v1" target="_blank">Sterilizing immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in hamsters conferred by a novel recombinant subunit vaccine</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>A comprehensive transcriptome analysis reveals broader but weaker host response of SARS-CoV-2 than SARS-CoV</strong> -
<div>
COVID-19, which has resulted a worldwide health crisis with more than 74.9 million confirmed cases worldwide by December 2020, is caused by a newly emerging coronavirus identified and named SARS-CoV-2 in February in Wuhan, China. Experiences in defeating SARS, which infested during 2002-2003, can be used in treating the new disease. However, comparative genomics and epidemiology studies have shown much difference between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, which underlies the different clinical features and therapies in between those two diseases. Further studies comparing transcriptomes infected by these two viruses to uncover the differences in host responses would be necessary. Here we conducted a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2-infected human cell lines, including Caco-2, Calu-3, H1299. Clustering analysis and expression of ACE2 show that SARS-CoV-2 has broader but weaker infection, where the largest discrepancy occurs in the epithelial lung cancer cell, Calu-3. SARS-CoV-2 genes also show less tissue specificity than SARS-CoV genes. Furthermore, we detected more general but moderate immune responses in SARS-CoV-2 infected transcriptomes by comparing weighted gene co-expression networks and modules. Our results suggest a different immune therapy and treatment scheme for COVID-19 patients than the ones used on SARS patients. The wider but weaker permissiveness and host responses of virus infection may also imply a long-term existence of SARS-CoV-2 among human populations.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.19.423597v1" target="_blank">A comprehensive transcriptome analysis reveals broader but weaker host response of SARS-CoV-2 than SARS-CoV</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The polybasic cleavage site in the SARS-CoV-2 spike modulates viral sensitivity to Type I IFN and IFITM2</strong> -
<div>
The cellular entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronaviruses types 1 and 2 (SARS-CoV-1 and -2) requires sequential protease processing of the viral spike glycoprotein (S). The presence of a polybasic cleavage site in SARS-CoV-2 S at the S1/S2 boundary has been suggested to be a factor in the increased transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 compared to SARS-CoV-1 by facilitating maturation of the S precursor by furin-like proteases in the producer cells rather than endosomal cathepsins in the target. We investigate the relevance of the polybasic cleavage site in the route of entry of SARS-CoV-2 and the consequences this has for sensitivity to interferons, and more specifically, the IFN-induced transmembrane (IFITM) protein family that inhibit entry of diverse enveloped viruses. We found that SARS-CoV-2 is restricted predominantly by IFITM2 and the degree of this restriction is governed by route of viral entry. Removal of the cleavage site in the spike protein renders SARS-CoV-2 entry highly pH- and cathepsin-dependent in late endosomes where, like SARS-CoV-1 S, it is more sensitive to IFITM2 restriction. Furthermore, we find that potent inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication by type I but not type II IFNs is alleviated by targeted depletion of IFITM2 expression. We propose that the polybasic cleavage site allows SARS-CoV-2 to mediate viral entry in a pH-independent manner, in part to mitigate against IFITM-mediated restriction and promote replication and transmission. This suggests therapeutic strategies that target furin-mediated cleavage of SARS-CoV-2 S may reduce viral replication through the activity of type I IFNs.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.19.423592v1" target="_blank">The polybasic cleavage site in the SARS-CoV-2 spike modulates viral sensitivity to Type I IFN and IFITM2</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The challenges of the coming mass vaccination and exit strategy in prevention and control of COVID-19, a modelling study</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
With success in the development of COVID-19 vaccines, it is urgent and challenging to analyse how the coming large-scale vaccination in the population and the growing public desire of relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) interact to impact the prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using mathematical models, we focus on two aspects: 1) how the vaccination program should be designed to balance the dynamic exit of NPIs; 2) how much the vaccination coverage is needed to avoid a second wave of the epidemics when the NPIs exit in stages. We address this issue globally, and take six countries--China, Brazil, Indonesia, Russia, UK, and US-in our case study. We showed that a dynamic vaccination program in three stages can be an effective approach to balance the dynamic exit of the NPIs in terms of mitigating the epidemics. The vaccination rates and the accumulative vaccination coverage in these countries are estimated by fitting the model to the real data. We observed that the required effective vaccination coverages are greatly different to balance the dynamic exit of NPIs in these countries, providing a quantitative criterion for the requirement of an integrative package of NPIs. We predicted the epidemics under different vaccination rates for these countries, and showed that the vaccination can significantly decrease the peak value of a future wave. Furthermore, we found that a lower vaccination coverage can result in a subsequent wave once the NPIs exit. Therefore, there is a critical (minimum) vaccination coverage, depending on effectiveness of NPIs to avoid a subsequent wave. We estimated the critical vaccination coverages for China, Brazil, and Indonesia under different scenarios. In conclusion, we quantitatively showed that the dynamic vaccination program can be the effective approach to supplement or even eventually replace NPIs in mitigating the epidemics and avoiding future waves, and we suggest that country level-based exit strategies of the NPIs should be considered, according to the possible quarantine rate and testing ability, and the accessibility, affordability and efficiency of the vaccines.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.18.20248478v1" target="_blank">The challenges of the coming mass vaccination and exit strategy in prevention and control of COVID-19, a modelling study</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluating Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Benefit of Silmitasertib (CX-4945) in Subjects With Moderate COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Silmitasertib;   Drug: SOC<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Chris Recknor, MD<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluation of the Efficacy of High Doses of Methylprednisolone in SARS-CoV2 ( COVID-19) Pneumonia Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Methylprednisolone, Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Reggio Emilia<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Phase II / III Study of COVID-19 DNA Vaccine (AG0302-COVID19)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Group A (AG0302-COVID19);   Biological: Group A (Placebo);   Biological: Group B (AG0302-COVID19);   Biological: Group B (Placebo)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   AnGes, Inc.;   Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Use of BCG Vaccine as a Preventive Measure for COVID-19 in Health Care Workers</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID 19 Vaccine<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: BCG vaccine<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro;   Ministry of Science and Technology, Brazil<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>At-Home Infusion Using Bamlanivimab in Participants With Mild to Moderate COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: bamlanivimab<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Daniel Griffin, MD PhD;   Eli Lilly and Company;   Optum, Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Changes in Viral Load in COVID-19 After Probiotics</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Dietary Supplement: Dietary supplementation in patients with covid disease admitted to hospital<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Hospital de Sagunto;   Biopolis S.L.;   Laboratorios Heel España<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy and Safety of Ivermectin for Treatment and Prophylaxis of COVID-19 Pandemic</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Ivermectin;   Drug: Hydroxychloroquine;   Behavioral: personal protective Measures<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Benha University<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Phase 3 Inhaled Novaferon Study in Hospitalized Patients With Moderate to Severe COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Novaferon;   Biological: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Genova Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy and Safety of High-dose Vitamin C Combined With Chinese Medicine Against Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Alpha-interferon alpha, abidol, ribavirin, Buzhong Yiqi plus and minus formula, Huhuang Detoxicity Paste, Baimu Qingre Jiedu Paste, fumigation/inhalation of vitamin C;   Drug: Alpha-interferon, abidol, ribavirin, Buzhong Yiqi plus and minus formula, Huhuang Detoxicity Paste, Baimu Qingre Jiedu Paste and 5% glucose;   Drug: Alpha-interferon, abidol, ribavirin, Buzhong Yiqi plus and minus formula, Huhuang Detoxicity Paste, Baimu Qingre Jiedu Paste and high-dose vitamin C treatment<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study on Safety and Clinical Efficacy of AZVUDINE in COVID-19 Patients (SARS-CoV-2 Infected)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: AZVUDINE;   Drug: AZVUDINE placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   HRH Holdngs Limited;   GALZU INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH, TEACHING, SCIENCE AND APPLIED TECHNOLOGY, Brazil;   SANTA CASA DE MISERICORDIA DE CAMPOS HOSPITAL (SCMCH), Brazil;   UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO NORTE FLUMINENSE (UENF), Brazil<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Clinical Safety Study on AT-100 in Treating Adults With Severe COVID-19 Infection</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: AT-100<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Airway Therapeutics, Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mushroom-based Product for COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: FoTv<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Gordon Saxe;   University of California, Los Angeles;   University of California, Irvine<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Urine Alkalinisation to Prevent AKI in COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Sodium Bicarbonate 150Meq/L/D5W Inj<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Outpatient Pragmatic Platform Study (COPPS) - Master Protocol</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Acebilustat;   Drug: Camostat<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Stanford University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Outpatient Pragmatic Platform Study (COPPS) - Camostat Sub-Protocol</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Camostat;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Stanford University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Lymphocyte Changes in Severe COVID-19: Delayed Over-Activation of STING?</strong> - Upon recognition of microbial DNA or self-DNA, the cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) of the host catalyzes the production of the cyclic dinucleotide cGAMP. cGAMP is the main activator of STING, stimulator of interferon genes, leading to interferon synthesis through the STING-TBK1-IRF3 pathway. STING is also a hub for activation of NF-κB and autophagy. The present review details the striking similarities between T and B cell responses in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and both animal or...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 and Viral Sepsis: Immune Dysfunction and Implications in Kidney Failure</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causal agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), first emerged in Wuhan, China. The clinical manifestations of patients infected with COVID-19 include fever, cough, and dyspnea, up to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute cardiac injury. Thus, a lot of severe patients had to be admitted to intensive care units (ICU). The pathogenic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection are mediated by the binding of SARS-CoV-2...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Clinically Approved Antiviral Drug in an Orally Administrable Nanoparticle for COVID-19</strong> - There is urgent therapeutic need for COVID-19, a disease for which there are currently no widely effective approved treatments and the emergency use authorized drugs do not result in significant and widespread patient improvement. The food and drug administration-approved drug ivermectin has long been shown to be both antihelmintic agent and a potent inhibitor of viruses such as Yellow Fever Virus. In this study, we highlight the potential of ivermectin packaged in an orally administrable...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Statins and PCSK9 inhibitors: What is their role in coronavirus disease 2019?</strong> - Statins and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors interfere with several pathophysiological pathways of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Statins may have a direct antiviral effect on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by inhibiting its main protease. Statin-induced up-regulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) may also be beneficial, whereas cholesterol reduction might significantly suppress SARS-CoV-2 by either blocking its...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Thalidomide Combined with Short-term Low-Dose Glucocorticoid Therapy for the Treatment of Severe COVID-19: A Case-Series Study</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: Thalidomide plus short-term glucocorticoid therapy is an effective and safe regimen for the treatment of severely ill COVID-19 patients. The mechanism of action is most likely inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Genetic Screens Identify Host Factors for SARS-CoV-2 and Common Cold Coronaviruses</strong> - The Coronaviridae are a family of viruses that cause disease in humans ranging from mild respiratory infection to potentially lethal acute respiratory distress syndrome. Finding host factors common to multiple coronaviruses could facilitate the development of therapies to combat current and future coronavirus pandemics. Here, we conducted genome-wide CRISPR screens in cells infected by SARS-CoV-2 as well as two seasonally circulating common cold coronaviruses, OC43 and 229E. This approach...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Acute Effects of an Afterschool Running and Reading Program on Executive Functioning in Children: An Exploratory Study</strong> - Objective: Emerging research within school settings suggests acute forms of physical activity and exercise lead to improvements in executive functioning among children. However, research pertaining to these effects within the afterschool setting remains limited. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of a community-based afterschool running and reading program on executive functioning in 8 to 12-year-old children. Method: Fifty participants were initially...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Understanding Views of Patients on Biologics for Psoriasis Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic</strong> - Biologics target and inhibit specific cytokines, thereby suppressing the immune system and manifestation of psoriasis. Currently, there exist limited data on the impact of biologics on the coronavirus disease of 2019 (C19). The public may obtain information from many sources which may affect their understanding of biologic use during this pandemic. This study assessed psoriasis patients' understanding of the safety of biologic use during the C19 pandemic and their perception of various...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Diverse Functional Autoantibodies in Patients with COVID-19</strong> - COVID-19 manifests with a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes that are characterized by exaggerated and misdirected host immune responses ^(1-8) . While pathological innate immune activation is well documented in severe disease ¹ , the impact of autoantibodies on disease progression is less defined. Here, we used a high-throughput autoantibody discovery technique called Rapid Extracellular Antigen Profiling (REAP) to screen a cohort of 194 SARS-CoV-2 infected COVID-19 patients and healthcare...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 Nsp16 activation mechanism and a cryptic pocket with pan-coronavirus antiviral potential</strong> - Coronaviruses have caused multiple epidemics in the past two decades, in addition to the current COVID-19 pandemic that is severely damaging global health and the economy. Coronaviruses employ between twenty and thirty proteins to carry out their viral replication cycle including infection, immune evasion, and replication. Among these, nonstructural protein 16 (Nsp16), a 2'-O-methyltransferase, plays an essential role in immune evasion. Nsp16 achieves this by mimicking its human homolog, CMTr1,...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to ACE2 is disabled by thiol-based drugs; evidence from in vitro SARS-CoV-2 infection studies</strong> - Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is an envelope glycoprotein that binds angiotensin converting enzyme 2 as an entry receptor. The capacity of enveloped viruses to infect host cells depends on a precise thiol/disulfide balance in their surface glycoprotein complexes. To determine if cystines in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein maintain a native binding interface that can be disrupted by...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Paradoxical effects of cigarette smoke and COPD on SARS-CoV2 infection and disease</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: ACE2 levels were decreased in both bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells from uninfected COPD patients versus controls, and from CS-exposed versus air-exposed mice. CS-pre-treatment did not affect ACE2 levels but potently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in this in vitro model. These findings urge to further investigate the controversial effects of CS and COPD on SARS-CoV2 infection.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ebselen, Disulfiram, Carmofur, PX-12, Tideglusib, and Shikonin Are Nonspecific Promiscuous SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors</strong> - Among the drug targets being investigated for SARS-CoV-2, the viral main protease (M^(pro)) is one of the most extensively studied. M^(pro) is a cysteine protease that hydrolyzes the viral polyprotein at more than 11 sites. It is highly conserved and has a unique substrate preference for glutamine in the P1 position. Therefore, M^(pro) inhibitors are expected to have broad-spectrum antiviral activity and a high selectivity index. Structurally diverse compounds have been reported as M^(pro)...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Development of a High-Throughput Homogeneous AlphaLISA Drug Screening Assay for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid</strong> - The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is in urgent need of therapeutic options. High-throughput screening (HTS) offers an opportunity to rapidly identify such compounds. In this work, we have developed a homogeneous cell-based HTS system using AlphaLISA detection technology for the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NP). Our assay measures both recombinant and endogenous NP from viral lysates and tissue culture...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Probing the Dynamic Structure-Function and Structure-Free Energy Relationships of the Coronavirus Main Protease with Biodynamics Theory</strong> - The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M^(pro)) is of major interest as an antiviral drug target. Structure-based virtual screening efforts, fueled by a growing list of apo and inhibitor-bound SARS-CoV/CoV-2 M^(pro) crystal structures, are underway in many laboratories. However, little is known about the dynamic enzyme mechanism, which is needed to inform both assay development and structure-based inhibitor design. Here, we apply biodynamics theory to characterize the structural dynamics of...</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Covid 19 - Chewing Gum</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A traditional Chinese medicine composition for COVID-19 and/or influenza and preparation method thereof</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>STOCHASTIC MODEL METHOD TO DETERMINE THE PROBABILITY OF TRANSMISSION OF NOVEL COVID-19</strong> - The present invention is directed to a stochastic model method to assess the risk of spreading the disease and determine the probability of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The use of human serum albumin (HSA) and Cannabigerol (CBG) as active ingredients in a composition for use in the treatment of Coronavirus (Covid-19) and its symptoms</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The use of human serum albumin (HSA) and Cannabigerol (CBG) as active ingredients in a composition for use in the treatment of Coronavirus (Covid-19) and its symptoms</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>"AYURVEDIC PROPRIETARY MEDICINE FOR TREATMENT OF SEVERWE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS 2 (SARS-COV-2."</strong> - AbstractAyurvedic Proprietary Medicine for treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)In one of the aspect of the present invention it is provided that Polyherbal combinations called Coufex (syrup) is prepared as Ayurvedic Proprietary Medicine , Aqueous Extracts Mixing with Sugar Syrup form the following herbal aqueous extract coriandrum sativum was used for the formulation of protek.Further another Polyherbal combination protek as syrup is prepared by the combining an aqueous extract of the medicinal herbs including Emblica officinalis, Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica, Aegle marmelos, Zingiber officinale, Ocimum sanctum, Adatoda zeylanica, Piper lingum, Andrographis panivulata, Coriandrum sativum, Tinospora cordiofolia, cuminum cyminum,piper nigrum was used for the formulation of Coufex.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Haptens, hapten conjugates, compositions thereof and method for their preparation and use</strong> - A method for performing a multiplexed diagnostic assay, such as for two or more different targets in a sample, is described. One embodiment comprised contacting the sample with two or more specific binding moieties that bind specifically to two or more different targets. The two or more specific binding moieties are conjugated to different haptens, and at least one of the haptens is an oxazole, a pyrazole, a thiazole, a nitroaryl compound other than dinitrophenyl, a benzofurazan, a triterpene, a urea, a thiourea, a rotenoid, a coumarin, a cyclolignan, a heterobiaryl, an azo aryl, or a benzodiazepine. The sample is contacted with two or more different anti-hapten antibodies that can be detected separately. The two or more different anti-hapten antibodies may be conjugated to different detectable labels.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 RBD共轭纳米颗粒疫苗</strong> - 本发明涉及免疫医学领域，具体而言，涉及一种SARS‑CoV‑2 RBD共轭纳米颗粒疫苗。该疫苗包含免疫原性复合物，所述免疫原性复合物包含：a）与SpyCatcher融合表达的载体蛋白自组装得到的纳米颗粒载体；b）与SpyTag融合表达的SARS‑CoV‑2病毒的RBD抗原；所述载体蛋白选自Ferritin、mi3和I53‑50；所述载体蛋白与所述抗原之间通过SpyCatcher‑SpyTag共价连接。</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Устройство электронного контроля и дистанционного управления аппарата искусственной вентиляции легких</strong> - Полезная модель относится к медицинской технике, а именно к устройствам для воздействия на дыхательную систему пациента смесью различных газов, в частности, к устройствам для проведения искусственной вентиляции легких (ИВЛ). Технический результат предлагаемой полезной модели заключается в решении технической проблемы, состоящей в необходимости расширения арсенала технических средств, предназначенных для электронного контроля и управления ИВЛ, путем реализации возможности дистанционного управления аппаратами ИВЛ в медицинских учреждениях, не оборудованных кабельными вычислительными сетями. Указанный технический результат достигается благодаря тому, что в известное устройство электронного контроля и дистанционного управления аппарата ИВЛ, содержащее центральный микроконтроллер, а также программно-аппаратные средства управления функциями доставки воздушной смеси пациенту и многоуровневой тревожной сигнализации об отклонениях от нормативных условий и технических неполадках в аппарате ИВЛ, введены связанные друг с другом микроконтроллер связи и дистанционного управления и радиомодем, выполненный с возможностью связи с точками доступа радиканальной сети, при этом центральный микроконтроллер устройства выполнен с дополнительными входом/выходом, которые связаны с управляющими выходом/входом микроконтроллера связи и дистанционного управления, а, в зависимости от типа применяемой в медицинском учреждении радиоканальной сети связи и передачи данных, радиомодем может быть выполнен в виде интерфейсного аудиомодуля Bluetooth 4.0 BLE, приемопередающего модуля Wi-Fi либо устройства "малого радиуса действия", работающего по технологии LoRa на нелицензируемых частотах мегагерцового диапазона, например, в диапазоне 868 МГц. 3 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Anordnung zur Visualisierung von angebotenen Waren und Dienstleistungen</strong> -
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</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Anordnung zur Visualisierung von angebotenen Waren und Dienstleistungen, insbesondere in der Gastronomie, gekennzeichnet durch einen pyramidenartigen Gegenstand (10), der eine flache Unterseite (14) und mehrere in einem Winkel von der flachen Unterseite (14) aufragende Seitenflächen (11,12,13) aufweist, gekennzeichnet durch einen zweidimensionalen Code (15), insbesondere einen QR-Code, der auf mindestens einer der Seitenflächen (11,12,13) aufgebracht ist, gekennzeichnet durch ein elektronisches Gerät (20), das mit einer Kamera (21) und mit einem Display (22) zur Anzeige von zur Verfügung gestellten Informationen versehen und mit dem Internet verbindbar ist, gekennzeichnet durch eine Website (30) im Internet, der das mit der Kamera (21) aufgenommene Bild zugänglich ist, wobei die Website (30) so aufgebaut und ausgestattet ist, dass sie den zweidimensionalen Code (15), insbesondere QR-Code, erkennt und entschlüsselt und abhängig davon, dem elektronischen Gerät (20) eine digitale Abbildung einer Information zu den angebotenen Waren und Dienstleistungen zur Darstellung auf dem Display (22) zur Verfügung stellt.</p></li>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Trump’s New Brand Is Loser</strong> - His post-election tantrum is forcing conservatives to affirm, again and again, that he lost the election fair and square. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-trumps-washington/trumps-new-brand-is-loser">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>William Barr Is Going, but His Trumpian Legacy Remains</strong> - The Attorney General showed a dangerous willingness to act in a nakedly partisan manner. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/william-barr-is-going-but-his-trumpian-legacy-remains">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>America Is Running Out of Nurses</strong> - Travelling nurses have been moving from one hot spot to another. What happens when the hot spots keep multiplying? - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/science/medical-dispatch/america-is-running-out-of-nurses">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>An Advent Lament in the Pandemic</strong> - COVID-19 has held a mirror to Christianity, just as the epidemics of the past did. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/an-advent-lament-in-the-pandemic">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Brazen Republican Power Play Is Blocking Essential COVID-19 Relief</strong> - A group of G.O.P. senators appears less interested in helping people make it through the pandemic than it does in hobbling the incoming Biden Administration. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/a-pointless-republican-power-play-is-blocking-essential-covid-19-relief">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Fed’s surprise role in stimulus talks, explained</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Pat Toomey seated at a desk during a hearing." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/zQAQx3frziIWpwoMeOnYXX_bwko=/183x0:3187x2253/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/68554970/1230050365.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Sen. Pat Toomey, who is now leading a push from Republicans to curtail the Fed’s emergency lending powers, questions Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin on Capitol Hill on December 10. | Photo by Sarah Silbiger-Pool/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A new stimulus package now hinges on a Fed lending program most people haven’t heard of.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="h9FPXO">
Just as it seemed Congress might finally reach a deal on a new <a href="https://www.vox.com/22189550/congress-shutdown-stimulus-vote-government-funding">stimulus package</a>, there was a new and unexpected wrinkle: Some Republicans have suddenly discovered they’re really worried about a handful of emergency lending programs from the Federal Reserve that most Americans have probably never even heard of. And they have told Democrats that unless these programs are wound down, there’ll be no deal.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oIJgQc">
The hitch comes after months of back-and-forth, and amid great time pressure. Republicans and Democrats this week have been inching toward a $900 billion agreement to help boost the economy as the <a href="https://www.vox.com/coronavirus-covid19">Covid-19</a> pandemic rages on, and they made plans to attach the deal to government spending legislation that must be passed by Sunday night to avoid a government shutdown.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9sFyRw">
Both sides made some concessions in the bill — Democrats let go of aid for state and local governments, and Republicans dropped their ask for liability shields for corporations (which would ensure companies couldn’t be sued for coronavirus-related issues). But while there were still some issues to be ironed out — what to do on unemployment aid and stimulus checks, for example — it seemed like there might finally be a breakthrough. And yet.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="M83Izw">
Sen. Pat Toomey (R-PA) is <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/12/18/stimulus-fed-facilities-toomey/">leading a push</a> by Republicans to try to rein in some of the Fed’s capabilities to intervene in the economy through lending programs aimed at small businesses and state and local governments. Specifically, Toomey says he wants to wind down emergency lending programs that were created by the CARES Act back in March; and, on top of that, include provisions in this new legislation that would stop the Fed from being able to restart those programs — or create similar ones.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lu13pQ">
<a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-12-17/toomey-says-new-bill-won-t-curb-fed-s-emergency-lending-powers">Toomey’s argument</a> is that the Fed, which has taken extraordinary actions to try to boost the economy during the pandemic, risks becoming a lender of “first resort” instead of “last resort,”<strong> </strong>as it is meant to be, if its powers are extended.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Sake09">
Democrats, on the other hand, are crying foul and argue that this has nothing to do with when businesses and governments turn to the Fed, and that the effort actually represents an effort from Republicans to limit the economic tools available to President-elect Joe Biden before he even takes office.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BnPW1T">
“After weeks of refusing to acknowledge Biden’s victory, some Republicans have now decided that sabotaging his presidency is more important than helping our economy recover,” Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) said in a statement on Friday. “Proposals to sabotage President Biden and our nation’s economy are reckless, they’re wrong, and they have no place in this legislation.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dMhcPH">
And Democrats are also concerned that if the language on new Fed limits is too broad in the final legislation, this would severely weaken the Fed’s ability to do emergency lending in times of economic stress. Toomey <a href="https://www.toomey.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/toomey-statement-on-emergency-lending-facility-provision">insists</a> that the language is targeted and that concerns about its broader impact <strong>— </strong>both with respect to future crises and Biden’s presidency — are overblown.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="K6g50S">
The situation is a bit of an odd one. Republicans have been dead set against support for state and local governments throughout the pandemic, and this appears, in part, to be a way to make sure the Biden administration doesn’t find a workaround to get them money through the Fed.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jSHKqH">
At the same time, the CARES Act programs in question haven’t worked very well so far — localities <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/c9cd9a01-4cbe-45e4-b369-ee796f11730e">weren’t really picking up</a> what the Fed was putting down. Democrats say that the programs could be improved to work better under a Biden administration and therefore be used by more potential borrowers: Essentially that they may not be a panacea, but they’re not <em>not </em>worth trying.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bWqaCD">
Still, according to former Federal Reserve economist Claudia Sahm, Democrats may be overly optimistic about how effective the programs might be in the future.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="l2Nzun">
“Those programs had the potential to at least work better in a Biden administration than Trump,” Sahm told me, “but they were never going to do, without more Congressional authority, what Democrats wanted.”
</p>
<h3 id="SY9URF">
The Fed is supposed to be there when things are really bad
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7Svqxf">
In the midst of the Great Depression in 1932, Congress <a href="https://www.richmondfed.org/publications/research/econ_focus/2020/q2-3/federal_reserve#:~:text=In%201932%2C%20Congress%20made%20the,individuals%20and%20corporations%20in%20emergencies.">authorized the Federal Reserve</a> to make direct loans in emergencies. That basically means that in big moments of economic crisis, you want the central bank to be there to make sure markets don’t go too haywire.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VVgfDR">
The Fed makes those loans under section 13(3) of the Federal Reserve Act. In the wake of the 2008-2009 financial crisis, Congress put some restrictions around the Fed’s emergency lending powers in the Dodd-Frank Act of 2010, which, among other things, <a href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R44185.pdf">required the central bank to go through Treasury</a> to make loans.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JT9TV3">
So when the Covid-19 pandemic hit, Congress, through the CARES Act, <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/why-untapped-billions-in-pandemic-aid-funds-are-in-limbo/2020/12/10/e49f68d0-3b10-11eb-aad9-8959227280c4_story.html">directed $454 billion toward the Treasury Department</a> to <a href="https://twitter.com/vtg2/status/1340338124560494592">backstop emergency lending programs</a>, including one aimed at mid-sized businesses and another aimed at municipalities.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YrfcdQ">
A lot of that money wasn’t used, and in November, Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-fed-mnuchin/mnuchin-asks-fed-to-return-more-than-400-bln-in-unused-funds-idUSU5N2EU00W">asked the Fed to return it</a> at the end of the year. Fed Chair Jerome Powell <a href="https://money.yahoo.com/powell-agrees-return-unused-relief-231030826.html">agreed to return the money</a>, albeit begrudgingly.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WBl26p">
As Politico’s Victoria Guida <a href="https://twitter.com/vtg2/status/1340338124560494592">laid out on Twitter</a>, Toomey, a longtime skeptic of the Fed’s power, wants to make sure the CARES Act-related lending programs are permanently ended, because he and other Republicans worry Democrats will give “overly generous loans” to businesses, cities, and states. Republicans want to make sure the programs are ended now to block incoming <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2020/11/23/21588727/joe-biden-janet-yellen-treasury-secretary">Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen</a> (assuming she’s confirmed) from using other funds to restart the programs.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="c5OFAU">
The rub here is exactly what the language Toomey is describing would do. If it blocks new emergency lending programs for small businesses and municipalities, that’s bad for those potential loan recipients, but would just leave them in a fairly similar position to where they are now. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/18/business/economy/fed-13-3-stimulus.html">The terms of the loans haven’t been generous enough that many states and businesses were willing to try to take them on</a>, though Democrats argue that under Biden that could be fixed.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HtsrIN">
Still, the larger concern is that it might hamstring the Fed’s ability to <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-12-19/trump-downplays-massive-hack-floats-china-as-possible-culprit">exercise its broad emergency powers</a> and do real, lasting damage to the central bank and its role in fighting economic downturns.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="N6K155">
Former Fed Chair Ben Bernanke issued a statement over the weekend <a href="https://twitter.com/vtg2/status/1340393198389252098?s=20">warning about the potential implications</a> of the GOP’s proposal. He stressed that it is “vital” that the Fed be able to “respond promptly to damaging disruptions in credit markets” and that such ability not be curtailed. “The relief act should ensure, at least, that the Federal Reserve’s emergency lending authorities, as they stood before the CARES Act, remain fully intact and available to respond to future crises.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SHoLw3">
The concern is that if Toomey’s proposals are too sweeping, the Fed might have to ask Congress every time it wants to act on emergency lending during times of crisis.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AC4HGl">
A spokesperson for Toomey said in an email that the senator doesn’t want to change how the Fed operates generally <strong>—</strong> but that what he is seeking is to ensure that lending facilities set up under the CARES Act are wound down at the end of 2020, and that no copycat facilities can be created. The spokesperson said that a <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hRirPUMP_Jk">speech</a> the Pennsylvania Republican delivered on the Senate floor on Saturday “makes clear that the intent of this language is narrow and is not a sweeping rewrite of section 13(3), as some have suggested.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qYu4be">
As Jordan Weissmann at <a href="https://slate.com/business/2020/12/congress-relief-bill-federal-reserve-toomey.html">Slate</a> points out, however, Republicans want to block the Fed from restarting lending programs that are “similar” to the ones from the CARES Act. What exactly “similar” means is where the problem is.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="w1qh45">
“If your language is very squishy, that can either mean you have a very expansive interpretation of it, or you have a very narrow interpretation of it,” Sahm said. And if the definition of “similiar” is too expansive, that could dangerously kneecap the Fed.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GUoKGr">
“These emergency facilities, that power to do emergency lending, that is more important than monetary policy, than bank regulations. This is the thing that the Fed does, it’s the thing we absolutely have to have,” she said. “These are core powers of the Fed, and so if you’re taking this away, you’re really crippling the Fed.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="CTPPFt">
“The risk is that it greatly diminishes the ability of the Fed to exercise its emergency powers and support the economy in the next crisis,” Roberto Perli a partner at Cornerstone Macro, told <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-12-17/toomey-says-new-bill-won-t-curb-fed-s-emergency-lending-powers">Bloomberg</a>. “If I were the Fed, I would strenuously oppose this.”
</p>
<h3 id="FbtOla">
This is a bit of a hostage situation using the Fed
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9AkaPT">
The American people need help, and they need help now. Millions are at <a href="https://www.vox.com/21569601/eviction-moratorium-cdc-covid-19-congress-rental-assistance-rent-crisis">risk of eviction</a> in January, millions are <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/22178537/covid-stimulus-deal-bill-unemployment-insurance">out of work</a>, and <a href="https://www.vox.com/22187583/congress-snap-stimulus-coronavirus-relief">millions are hungry</a>. Congress has the power to change this, and it needs to do it. It’s not clear what the really good-faith argument is for why curbing the Fed’s emergency lending programs mid-pandemic is worth mass homelessness or stopping people from accessing basic necessities.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="roKdBM">
But on its face, this is an effort by Republicans to limit what Biden can do on the economy when he takes office. Especially in the event where Congress won’t take action — which it’s failed to do, basically, since March — you want the Fed to have all the tools in the toolbox available. And it’s reasonable to assume congressional inaction will continue into the Biden administration, making the Fed an even important part of recovery.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Lo2AOb">
It is true that a lot of states and businesses weren’t falling over themselves to get loans from the Fed, but there’s an argument to be made that that’s not really the point: Just the knowledge that the Fed is there as a last-resort lender is meaningful in shoring up confidence in the economy and keeping financial markets moving. <a href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/coronavirus/ct-nw-coronavirus-boeing-fed-bailout-20200504-2has6gghmnfsnj5mvjjpaa6xye-story.html">The Fed just saying it would buy corporate bonds kept the corporate bond market moving in the spring</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="I4gaL8">
The fear that the Fed would help Biden get money to state and local governments is weird. <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/4/29/21241162/balanced-budget-amendment-state-bankrupt-mitch-mcconell-cares-act">Many in the GOP seem to believe that budget shortfalls are only a blue state problem</a> and therefore have little desire to do anything to help, or, in this case, seem hell bent on blocking any potential aid. States run by Democrats <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/18/upshot/pandemic-surprising-state-revenue.html">are absolutely not the only ones facing tax revenue declines</a>, but also, the point of lawmakers is to care about all Americans, not just the ones who align with them politically.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Sh1sfS">
“It is clear that Republicans in Congress and the administration do not want to give money to state and local governments,” Sahm said. Why Republicans would be willing to hurt their own states in order to also hurt Democratic ones is far less clear.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LbVEAR">
The argument that the Fed should need to rely more on Congress to get the go-ahead on emergency lending programs is tough to swallow, given the events of this year. It was good back in March that Treasury and the Fed could quickly work together to really turn on emergency facilities and enact other market-stabilizing measures. Imagine them having to go through Congress, <a href="https://www.vox.com/22189550/congress-shutdown-stimulus-vote-government-funding">which is right now getting by on a two-day bill to fund the government</a>, because it couldn’t meet a deadline that comes at the same time every year.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jfKgiD">
And if Republicans really do want to reform 13(3) powers, like lawmakers did for Dodd-Frank, doing so hastily seems not ideal. “To rewrite 13(3) lending law like that on the fly seems pretty disturbing,” Bharat Ramamurti, a member of the Congressional Oversight Commission that oversees the CARES Act funds, told <a href="https://slate.com/business/2020/12/congress-relief-bill-federal-reserve-toomey.html">Slate</a>. He pointed out on <a href="https://twitter.com/BharatRamamurti/status/1340386105347203072?s=20">Twitter</a> that the GOP’s current position seems like a radical evolution of their earlier stance: In stimulus negotiations in the fall, Republicans were trying to end the current the CARES Act’s current lending programs, not permanently strip the Fed of those powers.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="s9io45">
Of course, there’s no way to know intentions here. Maybe this is another GOP-led effort to tank stimulus. Maybe Republicans just cannot stand the idea of states getting help. Maybe they really want to tie Biden’s hands. Or maybe Toomey really thinks this is his one shot at getting reforms at the Fed and he’s taking it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1wFUCH">
But time is running out — a deal (or an extension) has to be passed before midnight Sunday to avoid a government shutdown — and a haphazard fix to supposed problem that a couple of weeks ago wasn’t even on the radar is a roadblock the American people don’t need.
</p>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Facing a new coronavirus strain, the UK imposes a strict lockdown</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A man in tan slacks, a black hoodie, and a blue surgical mask walks past the green wrought iron that makes up the side of Westminster Bridge. Behind him, in heavy fog, are the stone peaks of the Parliament building." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Yg7dLneXnvPsSTqeZ9NZ6iv0TuA=/662x0:6151x4117/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/68554477/GettyImages_1230009201.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
A man crosses London’s Westminster Bridge in December 2020. | Tolga Akmen/AFP/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Amid rising cases, Prime Minister Boris Johnson banned nonessential travel and ordered business closures for much of southeast England.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wzmWyV">
Facing a new, and potentially more contagious, variant of the coronavirus, UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson is implementing lockdown measures in London and throughout southeast England that include a ban on holiday gatherings outside immediate households.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UKSjym">
Coming after months of a patchwork response to the pandemic from Johnson’s administration — and a week after assurances that Christmas celebrations with up to three separate households would be permitted — his critics are pointing to this latest response as further evidence of shaky leadership amid a crisis that has led to nearly 2 million Britons infected with Covid-19, and has killed more than 67,000.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xa2r0f">
Johnson announced the measures on Saturday following an emergency cabinet meeting in which top government officials discussed a new strain of the coronavirus that the prime minister said is 70 percent more transmissible than previous versions. Some <a href="https://www.bmj.com/content/371/bmj.m4857">experts have cautioned</a> that more study must be done to prove whether the mutation is actually more transmissible.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Vgq44X">
“When the virus changes its method of attack, we must change our method of defense,” Johnson said. “We have to act on information as we have it, because this is now spreading very fast.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jk1mE5">
The announcement follows a week in which <a href="https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/coronavirus--covid-19--cases">Covid-19 case rates in London almost doubled</a>, and government officials said more than <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/19/world/europe/coronavirus-uk-new-variant.html">60 percent of cases</a> in the city are attributable to the new strain, known as VUI-202012/01.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WGgtdo">
This strain is not believed to be deadlier than previous variants, the nation’s chief medical officer, Chris Whitty, said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="brT1at">
“There is no current evidence to suggest the new strain causes a higher mortality rate or that it affects vaccines and treatments, although urgent work is underway to confirm this,” Whitty said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ifZzur">
The latest lockdown is the country’s strictest since March, and will go into effect on Sunday. It will be reviewed again on December 30, and is an attempt to stop the spread of the new strain beyond England’s southeastern region and its center, London, Johnson said on Saturday.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nowm4d">
The new restrictions dictate that nonessential travel — defined as travel for work, education, or health care — in the region is banned. Nonessential shops and businesses, including gyms, salons, and movie theaters, are ordered closed. The area has been placed in the newly created Tier 4 on <a href="https://www.gov.uk/guidance/local-restriction-tiers-what-you-need-to-know">England’s tier system of risk</a>, with areas designated Tier 1 considered to be places where Covid-19 is more under control.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0K9Yvy">
For weeks, Johnson has struggled to balance a strong public health response to rapidly growing case numbers with pressure not to further damage the economy. As the Christmas holiday period approached, he pledged to loosen restrictions to allow five days of subdued merriment.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="psVLfG">
“Have yourself a merry little Christmas, but this year, alas, preferably a very little Christmas,” he said last week.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zpRLoW">
The <em>British Medical Journal</em> and Health Service Journal <a href="https://www.bmj.com/content/371/bmj.m4847">published a joint editorial this week</a>, criticizing the government’s response to date, and saying that allowing even small holiday gatherings could lead to a spate of new infections that would overwhelm the National Health Service.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LMelDk">
“The government was too slow to introduce restrictions in the spring and again in the autumn. It should now reverse its rash decision to allow household mixing,” the editorial read.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nChhm8">
Now, however, Johnson appears to have taken that advice, up to a point: Areas outside of the Tier 4 zone will be allowed to have gatherings on Christmas — although for one day, rather than the multiple-day gatherings Johnson recently promised.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4dndu9">
And overall, he said, the lockdown is part of an effort to slow the spread and flatten the curve, in order to prevent strain on hospitals.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Zw5Oj3">
“Without action the evidence suggests infections would soar, hospitals would become overwhelmed and many thousands more would lose their lives,” Johnson said Saturday.
</p>
<h3 id="OSPr9t">
Johnson has been criticized for acting too slowly throughout the pandemic
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="37sIRg">
Other countries, including Italy, Austria, and Germany, have also tightened restrictions in response to the holiday season. In France, bars and restaurants are ordered closed and a curfew is in place; on Thursday, President Emmanuel Macron announced that he had tested positive for the virus.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="alWvaa">
Notably, however, the US — which has one of the worst coronavirus outbreaks in the world — has not tightened restrictions on the national level. And Johnson’s decision received pushback from his American counterpart, President Donald Trump, Saturday afternoon, with Trump writing on Twitter, “The cure cannot be worse than the problem itself!”
</p>
<div id="UVfuWu">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
We don’t want to have lockdowns. The cure cannot be worse than the problem itself! <a href="https://t.co/sHBJfG9T8X">https://t.co/sHBJfG9T8X</a>
</p>
— Donald J. Trump (<span class="citation">@realDonaldTrump</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1340377186847625218?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 19, 2020</a>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ah1zK5">
Trump has been staunchly anti-lockdown in the US, ceding decisions on efforts to control the spread to state-level leaders. The US response has been haphazard at best, and about 300,000 Americans have died of the coronavirus this year. Both the UK and the US are in the top 10 of countries for per-capita deaths from Covid-19.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wonBlX">
Johnson’s opponent in Parliament, Labour leader Sir Keir Starmer, also criticized the lockdown, but on the grounds that Johnson’s rapid changes of policy were confusing.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="M7BEa0">
“I think the British public is entitled to more decisive leadership than that,” he said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cf08JK">
As <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/10/10/21508165/covid-19-uk-cases-news">Joanne Silberner has reported for Vox</a>, Covid-19 cases have been steadily increasing across the UK since September. Johnson’s critics, Starmer among them, have accused the prime minister of a series of missteps that led to the country’s current crisis.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="68bsQP">
Among these missteps, Silberner describes poor handling of distributing PPE and implementing testing and contract tracing programs early on in the pandemic. NHS staffers faced a severe shortage of masks and other equipment in the spring, and hundreds of health care workers died. Testing efforts fell short in the spring, while a contact-tracing app faced challenges in the summer, and again during a second attempted roll-out in September.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PATJUx">
Silberner also described an attempt to prioritize in-person dining over the summer, by subsidizing meals in August, a move that public health officials largely condemned.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hcLr12">
“In a word, it’s nuts,” said Lawrence Gostin, director of the WHO Collaborating Center on National and Global Health Law at Georgetown University, about the dining subsidies. “In the midst of a pandemic, it’s actually directly opposite to what the public health evidence suggests.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="P9ql8p">
In spite of these missteps, Silberner describes a government that does not seem capable of learning from its own mistakes. This now appears to be playing out in Johnson’s endorsement of inter-household visits during the Christmas holidays.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2kNk4J">
People were likely to want some semblance of the traditions they were accustomed to. But Johnson’s efforts to preserve tradition have failed due to choices made weeks ago — and now the UK must face extreme measures as the government struggles to deal with significant spikes in caseloads.
</p>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>After decades of activism, the Navajo coal plant has been demolished</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/gy5EQllWfbZ-LNIVCJvaOejrYvA=/387x0:6574x4640/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/68554394/IMG_0279.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Explosions bring down the three smokestacks at Navajo Generating Station on December 18. | Wahleah Jones/Native Renewables
</figcaption>
</figure></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The largest coal plant in the western US has come down. Now cleanup begins.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="t3vMuh">
The three 775-foot smokestacks of the 2,250-megawatt Navajo Generating Station (NGS) — the West’s largest coal plant — were demolished December 18, symbolically marking the end of coal’s dominance in a region where renewable energy sources like <a href="https://www.irena.org/newsroom/pressreleases/2020/Jun/Renewables-Increasingly-Beat-Even-Cheapest-Coal-Competitors-on-Cost">wind and solar have become far cheaper</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RIS1NL">
The Salt River Project (SRP), majority owners and operators of NGS, <a href="https://media.srpnet.com/navajo-generating-station-permanently-shuts-down/">decided to close</a> the plant in 2017 due to rising operating costs. Scott Harelson, a spokesperson for SRP, told me, “Natural gas prices had been low for a long period of time and are much lower than coal. So the plant was out of market, essentially.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hPX9pE">
The move to close the coal plant is a part of a broader shift to renewable energy taking place across the US and around the world. According to a <a href="https://www.iea.org/reports/renewables-2020">report</a> by the International Energy Agency, electricity-generating renewables will have grown roughly 7 percent in 2020, despite the <a href="https://www.vox.com/covid-19-coronavirus-economy-recession-stock-market">economic fallout from the coronavirus pandemic</a>. This shift has been driven in part by concerns over climate change — but also by increasing<strong> </strong>questions about the potential health impacts of fossil fuels.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="81QPKy">
For <a href="https://www.eenews.net/stories/1061970419">more than four decades</a>, the station on the Arizona-Utah border had been a critical local employer, providing <a href="https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy12osti/53024.pdf">more than 800 Native people</a> with jobs that paid much higher than the area average. Harelson said 90 percent of the plant’s employees were Navajo.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="A92moO">
The station officially <a href="https://electrek.co/2019/11/13/navajo-generating-station-biggest-coal-plant-in-west-shuts-down/">shut down</a> in November of 2019 once its remaining supply of coal had burned. The Kayenta mine, which fed the plant, closed in <a href="https://www.azcentral.com/story/money/business/energy/2019/10/15/navajo-generating-station-kayenta-mine-what-to-know-about-closure/3848232002/">August of 2019</a> because it didn’t have any other customers besides NGS. Jobs there also paid well: The average salary per worker was $117,000.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2ChA8N">
But for many members of the region’s Navajo and Hopi tribes, those high wages also came with a high price. Critics of the facility point to its environmental costs as problematic — at one point it released more greenhouse gases at an hourly rate than almost any other facility in the US — and argued it polluted land and water used by Navajo ranchers and farmers.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="x780rs">
In a <a href="https://www.navajoequitableeconomy.org/2020/12/18/navajo-and-hopi-statements-on-the-demolition-of-smokestacks-at-largest-coal-plant-in-the-west/">statement</a> Friday, members from organizations representing the Navajo and Hopi tribes welcomed the razing,<strong> </strong>while acknowledging that the plant brought some financial benefits to their communities.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eW8MC9">
“The demolition of the smokestacks at NGS is a solemn event,” said Nicole Horseherder, executive director of the Navajo environmental<strong> </strong>grassroots group <a href="http://tonizhoniani.org/">Tó Nizhóní Ání</a>. “It’s a reminder of decades of exploitation subsidized by cheap coal and water from the Navajo and Hopi.”
</p>
<div id="yar0K4">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
Yesterday the <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/NavajoGeneratingStation?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#NavajoGeneratingStation</a> was demolished. This was just 1 step in our decades-long work to secure a just, equitable energy transition for <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/FourCorners?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#FourCorners</a> communities. We're excited for the road ahead. Thanks to <a href="https://twitter.com/EcoFlight1?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw"><span class="citation">@EcoFlight1</span></a> for the incredible video <a href="https://t.co/44rKKMApRa">pic.twitter.com/44rKKMApRa</a>
</p>
— SJCAlliance (<span class="citation">@SJCAlliance</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/SJCAlliance/status/1340344392649981954?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 19, 2020</a>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YjGP8P">
In particular, Horseherder argued that the economic benefits were outweighed by coal miners suffering respiratory ailments and the land being contaminated by polluted water. The statement also said that many Navajo and Hopi had not been able to partake of the electricity and water the plant produced — that most of it went to nearby Phoenix, Arizona.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DVbucd">
But now that the station has been demolished, some Navajo and Hopi members have high hopes for a strong future without the coal plant.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NrrCQ5">
Carol Davis, executive director of the Navajo grassroots group <a href="https://www.dine-care.org/">Diné CARE</a>, said in the statement, “We’re hopeful that this marks the continuation of our transformation into a sustainable economy that is built on fundamental Navajo and Hopi respect for air, land and water and that will have direct, measurable benefits for our communities, not exploit them.”
</p>
<h3 id="RcBxJj">
A massive cleanup operation has begun
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tbuBAr">
Now that the smokestacks are gone, the land occupied by the facility will be turned over to the Navajo Nation — but first, SRP will be required to complete the complicated and expensive process of clearing the plant’s remaining infrastructure and returning the land to its original state.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6Sz36o">
“All told, it’s about a $150 million effort to remove all the infrastructure that the Navajo Nation does not want to keep,” Harelson said. “The warehouse, admin building, railroad, lake pump, those facilities, will remain and become property of the Navajo Nation.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5tnaBi">
There is also chemical cleanup to do — toxic compounds like coal ash need to be removed. “All of the hazardous chemicals have to be removed and disposed of properly. And there’s an extensive reclamation project to bring the project back to its original state,” Harelson said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XfQvQN">
SRP has promised to do this “according to regulations and safety,” but some activists are concerned that there has been too little transparency as to what standards the company is following.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jVbsFm">
“We need to tell the communities about the toxins that are there,” Diné citizen scientist Kim Smith said. “Just because the smokestacks are going down there’s this mirage that everything is going to be okay, that we’re going to get what we’re owed, that the land is going back to what it was.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WTAHSY">
Smith’s comments are a reminder that trust in SRP isn’t universal, as the company has broken promises to the Native community before.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dfu1yp">
Cassie Scott, for instance, told the <a href="https://apnews.com/article/environment-flagstaff-arizona-coronavirus-pandemic-page-e27906dac31cfd0d72b0ed8c046131c3">Associated Press</a> that her grandmother had allowed part of her land to be used to build the plant in exchange for electricity. However, Scott said, that power never came, and she died without it in 2013.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OFvtei">
“The plant generated massive amounts of electricity, yet many homes on the Navajo reservation lacked electricity despite the proximity of the plant,” Michael Hiatt, a staff attorney at environmental law organization <a href="https://earthjustice.org/">Earthjustice</a>, told me. In 2019, NPR estimated that <a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/05/29/726615238/for-many-navajos-getting-hooked-up-to-the-power-grid-can-be-life-changing">10 percent</a> of people in the Navajo reservation live without electricity.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="N3K0s9">
Activists have said they plan to carefully watch the restoration process.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TgbUU1">
“If the utilities don’t follow the letter of the law and don’t clean up or remediate, we’ll make sure that we do bring whatever legal challenges or pressure necessary to make sure it is cleaned up,” Hiatt said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ckbFfv">
The plant’s cleanup is scheduled to be <a href="https://www.azcentral.com/story/money/business/energy/2020/12/18/coal-stacks-navajo-generating-station-arizona-demolished/3905369001/">completed by 2023</a> — and the mine will need reclamation as well. That work could employ several hundred of those no longer working in energy generation, according to the <a href="http://www.worc.org/publication/reclamation-jobs-report/">Western Organization of Resource Councils</a>, an environmental advocacy group, but has yet to begin.
</p>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sports Ministry approves inclusion of four indigenous games in Khelo India Youth Games</strong> - Gatka, Kalaripayattu, Thang-Ta and Mallakhamba are the recent inclusions.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>New Zealand beats Pakistan by 9 wickets in 2nd T20</strong> - Opener Tim Seifert carried his bat for 84 in an unbroken 129-run partnership with Kane Williamson to steer New Zealand to a nine-wicket win over Pak</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Kohli closes gap with top-ranked Smith</strong> - Kohli gained two points for his half-century to get to 888 while Smith (911) lost 10 points in the table after scoring 1 and 1 in his two innings.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ronaldo nets 2 as Juventus wins at Parma 4-0 in Serie A</strong> - Juventus doubled its lead just three minutes later when Álvaro Morata floated in a cross from the right and Ronaldo leapt up high to head it in.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Amit Panghal claims gold</strong> - Panghal was given a walkover by Germany’s Argishti Terteryan</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Farmers want better APMCs, not ‘mukti’ from them, says AIKMS</strong> - The document argued that the diesel cost had been raised tremendously by the present government.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>First flight from Noida airport likely by Dec 2023 or Jan 2024, says top executive</strong> - The resettlement and rehabilitation of over three thousand families who are getting displaced is likely to be completed by May 2021</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pongal gift announcement is like offering bribe for votes: Mutharasan</strong> - “It is like a bribe using taxpayers’ money for votes. The CM’s plan to gain political gains misusing public funds will never succeed,” he told reporters.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Farmers’ protest fallout of BJP’s politics of ‘lies and deceit’, says U.P. Congress</strong> - The Uttar Pradesh Congress chief also alleged that today if people raise their voice against the wrong policies of the government, then false cases are registered against them.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Need to bring space, aeronautical sectors closer, have long- term vision: veteran scientist Madhavan Nair</strong> - Citing the example of China and SpaceX’s Elon Musk, Mr Nair stressed the need in India for bringing the space and aeronautical sectors together for greater success of the programmes.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Brexit: No trade deal unless 'substantial shift' from EU, UK says</strong> - With a decision expected before Christmas, UK sources say it is increasingly likely there will be no deal.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Covid: Italy latest European country to order Christmas lockdown</strong> - Non-essential shops will be closed with travel only allowed for work, health and emergency reasons.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>US cyber-attack: Russia 'clearly' behind SolarWinds operation, says Pompeo</strong> - US secretary of state says Moscow "clearly" responsible but President Trump says it's "under control".</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Covid-19: Explosion kills nine coronavirus patients in Turkey</strong> - Nine people are killed as an oxygen ventilator explodes at a coronavirus ward of a private hospital.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Did France's Emmanuel Macron break his own Covid rules?</strong> - The French president faces questions over whether he himself followed social distancing measures.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Russia’s hacking frenzy is a reckoning</strong> - US still has no good answer for "supply chain" attacks that let Russia run wild. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1730859">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Car crashes killed 36,096 people in the US in 2019</strong> - Urban pedestrian and cyclist deaths have risen over the last decade. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1731008">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Kazakhstan spies on citizens’ HTTPS traffic; browser makers fight back</strong> - Kazakhstan gov required citizens to install self-signed root certificate - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1730987">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The 15 best films of a bizarre (and probably historic) year for film</strong> - Some good 2020 news: Most of our favorite films this year can now be enjoyed from home. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1727759">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Second COVID vaccine approved for use in the US</strong> - More vaccines will help ease shortages, work through priority list. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1730996">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Why don't vegetarians moan during sex?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Because they don't want to admit that a piece of meat makes them happy.
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<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/arkham1010"> /u/arkham1010 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kgjlvd/why_dont_vegetarians_moan_during_sex/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kgjlvd/why_dont_vegetarians_moan_during_sex/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>An engineering student found a frog on his way to class</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
"If you kiss me, I'll turn into a beautiful princess" the frog said.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The student smiled, thought for a minute, and put the frog in his bag and kept walking.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
After a few minutes, he heard the frog calling out again, so he took it out.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
"If you kiss me, I'll turn into a beautiful princess and go out on a date with you!"
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The student smiled, put it back in his bag, and kept walking.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
After a few minutes, he heard the frog calling out again, so he took it out.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
"If you kiss me, I'll turn into a princess, go out on multiple dates with you, introduce you to my parents, who knows what will happen after that!"
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He smiled and started to put it back in his bag.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
"WAIT! Why won't you kiss me!?"
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
"Well, I'm incredibly busy with school right now, so I don't have time for a girlfriend. However, a talking frog is really cool."
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/germz80"> /u/germz80 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kgk9kh/an_engineering_student_found_a_frog_on_his_way_to/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kgk9kh/an_engineering_student_found_a_frog_on_his_way_to/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>What’s blue and not that heavy?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Light blue.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Briccone1979"> /u/Briccone1979 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kgf4t1/whats_blue_and_not_that_heavy/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kgf4t1/whats_blue_and_not_that_heavy/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>A woman successfully gives birth to a baby after several hours of labour</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The doctor takes the baby and leaves to perform some tests. Several minutes later, the doctor returns with the baby in his arms and then suddenly begins to punch it, kick it, throw it about the room and slam it against the wall. The woman screams, "OH MY GOD! WHAT ARE YOU DOING TO MY BABY!?" To which the doctor replies, " April fools! It was already dead!"
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/shlokgupta07"> /u/shlokgupta07 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kgqiq6/a_woman_successfully_gives_birth_to_a_baby_after/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kgqiq6/a_woman_successfully_gives_birth_to_a_baby_after/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>A woman is walking through the park when she sees a very attractive man sitting on a park bench. He's reading a book and eating some fruit out of a Tupperware container. Slowly the woman gathers the courage to go ask the man out...</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
So, she walks over and takes a seat next to him on the bench, turns to him and says, "Sorry to bother you. I know this may be a little forward but I would love to grab coffee with you some time."
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Flattered, the man responds, "Sure... but what makes you so certain you and I would get along so well?"
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
"Well..." the woman says. "A couple things, actually. I noticed you were wearing an Iron Maiden t-shirt. Iron Maiden are my favorite band of all time. When they went on their reunion tour in 1999, my parents took me to see them in Cleveland. I was 12 years old and it was the first concert I ever went to. I absolutely love Iron Maiden."
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The man can't believe it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
"I saw them play Cleveland in '99! First concert I ever went to on my own. My best friend Jimmy Spitz and I told our parents we were sleeping at each others' houses, snuck out, took a bus into the city and saw them play at the Plain Dealer Pavillion!"
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Naturally, they're both shocked.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
"If that isn't weird enough..." says the woman. "I noticed you're reading Mark Twain. I was a communications major in university and I actually wrote my thesis on Mark Twain and how he used satire as a lens to comment on current events of the time, comparing him to satirical news sources of today. He's my favorite author."
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Now the man is really taken aback, "Get out of here! I was an English major in university! I specialized in 19th century American literature and this is like my fourth or fifth time reading Tom Sawyer, I absolutely love Mark Twain."
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
They both can't believe it...this has got to be a match made in heaven.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
"Ok..." the woman says. "Well, buckle up because here's the icing on the cake. I noticed you're eating a prune. Prunes are my absolute favorite fruit. When I was a kid, my grandfather lived on a farm. He had an orchard that mainly grew apples and some lemons, but he knew how much my sister and I loved prunes so he kept a couple of plum trees. Every year at the end of the summer, we'd go up and harvest the plums with him. He'd dry them and by the time we'd go back to his place for Thanksgiving he'd always have those prunes saved just for us. They're my favorite fruit! I love prunes, you're eating a prune, this has got to be fate. What do you say?"
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The man puts down his fruit and responds,
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
<em>"It's a date!"</em>
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/honolulu_oahu_mod"> /u/honolulu_oahu_mod </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kgsaid/a_woman_is_walking_through_the_park_when_she_sees/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kgsaid/a_woman_is_walking_through_the_park_when_she_sees/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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