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<title>18 December, 2022</title>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Flattening the Curve is Imperative: When China Relaxes the Dynamic Zero COVID-19 Policy</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Since December 7, 2022, China relaxed the strict dynamic zero COVID-19 policy. Here we quantitatively analyze its potential impacts on COVID-19 trend with the epidemiological model SUVQC using the population and parameter settings of Beijing as a case. Our results indicate that if non-pharmacological interventions are completely ceased, the ICU bed demand number will peak in 26 days at ~23.88 thousand, which is 18 times the total number of ICU beds in Beijing. COVID-19 Omicron will cause 31,817 deaths in Beijing in the first year. We urge that the flattening curve strategy is necessary to slow down the infection and avoid overwhelming the healthcare system.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.15.22283335v1" target="_blank">Flattening the Curve is Imperative: When China Relaxes the Dynamic Zero COVID-19 Policy</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Higher dose corticosteroids in hospitalised COVID-19 patients with hypoxia but not requiring ventilatory support (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: Low-dose corticosteroids have been shown to reduce mortality for hypoxic COVID-19 patients requiring oxygen or ventilatory support (non-invasive mechanical ventilation, invasive mechanical ventilation or extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation). We evaluated the use of a higher dose of corticosteroids in this patient group. Methods: This randomised, controlled, open-label platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]) is assessing multiple possible treatments in patients hospitalised for COVID-19. Eligible and consenting adult patients with clinical evidence of hypoxia (i.e. receiving oxygen or with oxygen saturation &lt;92% on room air) were randomly allocated (1:1) to either usual care with higher dose corticosteroids (dexamethasone 20 mg once daily for 5 days followed by 10 mg once daily for 5 days or until discharge if sooner) or usual standard of care alone (which includes dexamethasone 6 mg once daily for 10 days or until discharge if sooner). The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. On 11 May 2022, the independent Data Monitoring Committee recommended stopping recruitment of patients receiving no oxygen or simple oxygen only to this comparison due to safety concerns. We report the results for these participants only. Recruitment of patients receiving ventilatory support continues. The RECOVERY trial is registered with ISRCTN (50189673) and clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04381936). Findings: Between 25 May 2021 and 12 May 2022, 1272 COVID-19 patients with hypoxia and receiving no oxygen (1%) or simple oxygen only (99%) were randomly allocated to receive usual care plus higher dose corticosteroids versus usual care alone (of whom 87% received low dose corticosteroids during the follow-up period). Of those randomised, 745 (59%) were in Asia, 512 (40%) in the UK and 15 (1%) in Africa. 248 (19%) had diabetes mellitus. Overall, 121 (18%) of 659 patients allocated to higher dose corticosteroids versus 75 (12%) of 613 patients allocated to usual care died within 28 days (rate ratio [RR] 1.56; 95% CI 1.18-2.06; p=0.0020). There was also an excess of pneumonia reported to be due to non-COVID infection (10% vs. 6%; absolute difference 3.7%; 95% CI 0.7-6.6) and an increase in hyperglycaemia requiring increased insulin dose (22% vs. 14%; absolute difference 7.4%; 95% CI 3.2-11.5). Interpretation: In patients hospitalised for COVID-19 with clinical hypoxia but requiring either no oxygen or simple oxygen only, higher dose corticosteroids significantly increased the risk of death compared to usual care, which included low dose corticosteroids. The RECOVERY trial continues to assess the effects of higher dose corticosteroids in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 who require non-invasive ventilation, invasive mechanical ventilation or extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.16.22283578v1" target="_blank">Higher dose corticosteroids in hospitalised COVID-19 patients with hypoxia but not requiring ventilatory support (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Sustained reductions in life-threatening invasive bacterial diseases during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic: analyses of prospective surveillance data from 30 countries participating in the IRIS Consortium</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background The Invasive Respiratory Infection Surveillance (IRIS) Consortium was established to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on invasive diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus agalactiae. Here we analyse the incidence and distribution of disease during the first two years of the pandemic. Methods Laboratories in 30 countries/territories representing five continents submitted case data from 2018-2021 to private projects within databases in PubMLST. The impact of COVID-19 containment measures on the overall number of cases was analysed, and changes in disease distributions by patient age and serotype/group were examined. Interrupted time series analyses quantified the impact of pandemic response measures and their relaxation on disease rates, and autoregressive integrated moving average models estimated effect sizes and forecasted counterfactual trends by hemisphere. Findings Overall, 116,841 cases were analysed: 76,481 (2018-2019, pre-pandemic) plus 40,360 (2020-2021, pandemic). During the pandemic there was a significant reduction in the risk of disease caused by S pneumoniae (risk ratio: 0.47; 95% confidence interval: 0.40-0.55), H influenzae (0.51; 0.40-0.66) and N meningitidis (0.26; 0.21-0.31), whereas no significant changes were observed for the non-respiratory-transmitted pathogen S agalactiae (1.02; 0.75-1.40). No major changes in the distribution of cases were observed when stratified by patient age or serotype/group. An estimated 36,289 (17,145-55,434) cases of invasive bacterial disease were averted during the first two years of the pandemic among IRIS participating countries/territories. Interpretation COVID-19 containment measures were associated with a sustained decrease in the incidence of invasive disease caused by S pneumoniae, H influenzae and N meningitidis during the first two years of the pandemic, but cases began to increase in some countries as pandemic restrictions were lifted.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.16.22283251v1" target="_blank">Sustained reductions in life-threatening invasive bacterial diseases during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic: analyses of prospective surveillance data from 30 countries participating in the IRIS Consortium</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Risk of Infection Due to Airborne Virus in Classroom Environments Lacking Mechanical Ventilation</strong> -
<div>
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the role of indoor environments on disease transmission. Enclosed spaces where pathogen-laden aerosols accumulate was strongly linked to increased transmission events. Here we employ a surrogate non-pathogenic virus, the bacteriophage phi6, to interrogate aerosol transmission in classroom environments that do not have any natural or mechanical ventilation in order to determine how effectively aerosols facilitate new infections. We find that virus-laden aerosols establish new infections over all distances tested within minutes and that the time of exposure did not change transmission rate. We further find that humidity, but not temperature nor a UV-based disinfection device, significantly impacted transmission rates. Our data suggest that, even without mechanical ventilation, relative humidity remains a highly effective mitigation strategy while UV air treatment did not.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.15.520644v1" target="_blank">Risk of Infection Due to Airborne Virus in Classroom Environments Lacking Mechanical Ventilation</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Cholesterol and ceramide facilitate SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein-mediated membrane fusion</strong> -
<div>
SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells is mediated by the Spike (S) protein of the viral envelope. The S protein is composed of two subunits: S1 that induces binding to the host cell via its interaction with the ACE2 receptor of the cell surface and S2 that triggers fusion between viral and cellular membranes. Fusion by S2 depends on its heptad repeat domains that bring membranes close together, and its fusion peptide (FP) that interacts with and perturb the membrane structure to trigger fusion. Recent studies suggest that cholesterol and ceramide lipids from the cell surface may facilitate SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells, but their exact mode of action remains unknown. We have used a combination of in vitro liposome-liposome and in situ cell-cell fusion assays to study the lipid determinants of S-mediated membrane fusion. We found that cholesterol and ceramide both facilitated fusion, suggesting that targeting lipids could be effective against SARS-CoV-2. As proof of concept, we examined the effect of chlorpromazine (CPZ), an antipsychotic drug known to perturb membrane structure. We found that CPZ inhibited S-mediated membrane fusion and thus potentially SARS-CoV-2 entry.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.16.520599v1" target="_blank">Cholesterol and ceramide facilitate SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein-mediated membrane fusion</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Surface-modified measles vaccines encoding oligomeric, fusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins bypass measles seropositivity, boosting neutralizing antibody responses to omicron and historical variants.</strong> -
<div>
Serum titers of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (nAb) correlate well with protection from symptomatic COVID-19, but decay rapidly in the months following vaccination or infection. In contrast, measles-protective nAb titers are life-long after measles vaccination, possibly due to persistence of the live-attenuated virus in lymphoid tissues. We therefore sought to generate a live recombinant measles vaccine capable of driving high SARS-CoV-2 nAb responses. Since previous clinical testing of a live measles vaccine encoding a SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein resulted in suboptimal anti-spike antibody titers, our new vectors were designed to encode prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins, trimerized via an inserted peptide domain and displayed on a dodecahedral miniferritin scaffold. Additionally, to circumvent the blunting of vaccine efficacy by preformed anti-measles antibodies, we extensively modified the measles surface glycoproteins. Comprehensive in vivo mouse testing demonstrated potent induction of high titer nAb in measles-immune mice and confirmed the significant incremental contributions to overall potency afforded by prefusion stabilization, trimerization, and miniferritin-display of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, and vaccine resurfacing. In animals primed and boosted with a MeV vaccine encoding the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike, high titer nAb responses against ancestral virus strains were only weakly cross-reactive with the omicron variant. However, in primed animals that were boosted with a MeV vaccine encoding the omicron BA.1 spike, antibody titers to both ancestral and omicron strains were robustly elevated and the passive transfer of serum from these animals protected K18-ACE2 mice from infection and morbidity after exposure to BA.1 and WA1/2020 strains. Our results demonstrate that antigen engineering can enable the development of potent measles-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.16.520799v1" target="_blank">Surface-modified measles vaccines encoding oligomeric, fusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins bypass measles seropositivity, boosting neutralizing antibody responses to omicron and historical variants.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The H163A Mutation Unravels an Oxidized Conformation of the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease and Opens a New Avenue for Anti-Viral Therapeutic Design</strong> -
<div>
The main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro) is an important target for developing COVID-19 therapeutics. Recent work has highlighted the susceptibility of Mpro to undergo redox-associated conformational changes in response to cellular and immune-system-induced oxidation. Despite structural evidence indicating large-scale rearrangements upon oxidation, the mechanisms of conformational change and its functional consequences are poorly understood. Here, we present the crystal structure of a new Mpro point mutant (H163A) that shows an oxidized conformation with the catalytic cysteine in a disulfide bond. We hypothesize that Mpro adopts this conformation under oxidative stress to protect against over-oxidation. Our metadynamics simulations illustrated a potential mechanism by which H163 modulates this transition and suggest that this equilibrium exists in the wild-type enzyme. We show that other point mutations can also significantly shift the equilibrium towards this state by altering conformational free energies. New therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2 can be explored by understanding how H163 modulates this equilibrium.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.16.520794v1" target="_blank">The H163A Mutation Unravels an Oxidized Conformation of the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease and Opens a New Avenue for Anti-Viral Therapeutic Design</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>A bibliometric analysis of gender in microbiology collaborations</strong> -
<div>
Women are underrepresented in senior academic positions within microbiology globally. Studies show that gender bias affects the progression of women in academia, but there is evidence that improving conscious awareness of bias can improve equity in this regard. Here we carry out a bibliometric analysis of review articles within the microbiology field to investigate the statistical associations with author gender. We analyse the publication data from 1857 review articles published between 2010 and 2022 in three leading microbiology review journals: Nature Reviews Microbiology, Trends in Microbiology, and Annual Review of Microbiology. We find a significant association between the gender of the lead author and the gender of co-authors in multi-author publications. Review articles with men lead authors have a significantly reduced proportion of women co-authors compared to reviews with women lead authors. Given the existing differences in the proportions of men and women in lead author positions, this association may have important consequences for the relative visibility of women in microbiology, along with potential negative impacts on scientific output relating to reduced collaboration diversity. We further probe associations between gender and citation metrics, acknowledgement of contributions, and publishing during the Covid-19 pandemic within microbiology reviews.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.14.520436v1" target="_blank">A bibliometric analysis of gender in microbiology collaborations</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Molecular evolution and structural analyses of spike protein COVID-19 variants in Negeri Sembilan of peninsular Malaysia</strong> -
<div>
The sharing of COVID-19 sequences worldwide has allowed for comprehensive and real-time analyses of COVID-19 genomic diversity at regional levels. Temporal distribution of COVID-19 variants and lineages enables better infection control, surveillance, and facilitates policy making for public health. 417 sequences extracted from all COVID-19 cases in Negeri Sembilan of peninsular Malaysia from July 2021 until May 2022 were used for this study. Phylogenomics revealed a total of 20 circulating lineages, of which seven are still circulating. The majority (60.4%) of viruses in Negeri Sembilan are of GRA lineage with strong representation from the Malaysian lineage BA.1.1 (24.7%). A time series analysis showed a change in the dominating circulating lineage from AY.79 to BA.1.1, which correlated to the relaxing of lockdowns implemented by the Malaysian government. Several Malaysian sub-lineages (BA.2.40.1, BA.2.57 and BA.2.9) have emerged from April 2022 onwards. Evolutionary mutations of the sub-lineages also gave rise to novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the spike proteins. Out of the 70 SNPs isolated from all samples, in silico prediction revealed five novel SNPs that could cause functional defects to the spike protein, which are S221L, L226S, V826L, C1240F and C1243F. Structural modelling of the V826L showed that the L826 possibly confers an increase in protein flexibility within the S2 region of S protein, which supports our in silico predictions.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.15.520679v1" target="_blank">Molecular evolution and structural analyses of spike protein COVID-19 variants in Negeri Sembilan of peninsular Malaysia</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Identification of broad, potent antibodies to functionally constrained regions of SARS-CoV-2 spike following a breakthrough infection</strong> -
<div>
The antiviral benefit of antibodies can be compromised by viral escape especially for rapidly evolving viruses. Therefore, durable, effective antibodies must be both broad and potent to counter newly emerging, diverse strains. Discovery of such antibodies is critically important for SARS-CoV-2 as the global emergence of new variants of concern (VOC) has compromised the efficacy of therapeutic antibodies and vaccines. We describe a collection of broad and potent neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) isolated from an individual who experienced a breakthrough infection with the Delta VOC. Four mAbs potently neutralize the Wuhan-Hu-1 vaccine strain, the Delta VOC, and also retain potency against the Omicron VOCs, including recently circulating BA.4/BA.5, in both pseudovirus-based and live virus assays, and one also potently neutralizes SARS-CoV-1. The potency of these mAbs was greater against Omicron VOCs than all but one of the mAbs that had been approved for therapeutic applications. The mAbs target distinct epitopes on the spike glycoprotein, three in the receptor binding domain (RBD) and one in an invariant region downstream of the RBD in subdomain 1 (SD1). The escape pathways we defined at single amino acid resolution with deep mutational scanning show they target conserved, functionally constrained regions of the glycoprotein, suggesting escape could incur a fitness cost. Overall, these mAbs are novel in their breadth across VOCs, their epitope specificity, and include a highly potent mAb targeting a rare epitope outside of the RBD in SD1.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.15.520606v1" target="_blank">Identification of broad, potent antibodies to functionally constrained regions of SARS-CoV-2 spike following a breakthrough infection</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Prevalence of Olfactory Dysfunction with the Omicron Variant of SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The omicron variant is thought to cause less olfactory dysfunction than previous variants of SARS-CoV-2, but the reported prevalence differs greatly between populations and studies. Our systematic review and meta-analysis provide information about regional differences in prevalence as well as an estimate of the global prevalence of olfactory dysfunction based on 41 studies reporting on nearly 600,000 patients infected with the omicron variant. Our estimate of the omicron-induced prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in populations of European ancestry is 11.6%, while it is significantly lower in all other populations, at 2.9-5.4%. When ethnic differences and population sizes are taken into account, the global prevalence of omicron-induced hyposmia in adults is estimated at 5.2%. Omicron9s effect on olfaction is 3-4fold lower than that of the alpha or delta variant, according to previous meta-analyses and our analysis of studies that directly compared prevalence of olfactory dysfunction between omicron and previous variants. The profile of prevalence differences between ethnicities mirrors the results of a recent genome-wide association study that implicated a gene locus encoding an odorant-metabolizing enzyme, UDP glycosyltransferase, to be linked to the extent of COVID-related loss of smell. Our analysis is consistent with the hypothesis that this enzyme contributes to the observed population differences.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.16.22283582v1" target="_blank">Prevalence of Olfactory Dysfunction with the Omicron Variant of SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Estimating the transmission dynamics of Omicron in Beijing, November to December 2022</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
We tracked the effective reproduction number Rt of Omicron BF.7 in Beijing in November-December 2022 by fitting a transmission dynamic model parameterized with real-time mobility data to (i) the daily number of new symptomatic cases on November 1-11 (when the zero-covid interventions were still strictly enforced) and (ii) the proportion of individuals who participated in online polls on December 10-14 and self-reported to have been previously test-positive. After the announcement of “20 measures”, we estimated that Rt increased to 3.42 (95% CrI: 2.79-4.17) on November 18. Infection incidence peaked on December 10, and the cumulative infection attack rate was 42.5% (95% CrI: 20.3-63.9) on December 14. Surveillance programmes should be rapidly set up to monitor the evolving epidemiology and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 across China.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.15.22283522v1" target="_blank">Estimating the transmission dynamics of Omicron in Beijing, November to December 2022</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Streptococcus pneumoniae re-emerges as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia, including frequent co-infection with SARS-CoV-2, in Germany, 2021</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
<b>Background</b>: The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated containment measures had a substantial impact on pathogens causing pneumonia in adults. The objective of this study was to determine the etiology of hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) among adults in Germany in 2021, the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. <b>Methods</b>: Since January 2021, this on-going, prospective, population-based surveillances study enrolled adult patients with clinically and radiographically confirmed CAP at three hospitals in Thuringia, Germany, serving a population of approximately 280,000. Urine samples were collected from patients and tested for <i>S. pneumoniae</i> using the pneumococcal urinary antigen test (PUAT, BinaxNOW <i>S. pneumoniae</i>) and the proprietary serotype-specific urinary antigen detection (UAD) assays. Nasopharyngeal swabs were tested for 10 respiratory viruses by PCR. <b>Results</b>: A total of 797 patients were enrolled, of whom 760 were included in the analysis. The median age of patients with CAP was 67 years; in-hospital case-fatality rate was 8.4%. A respiratory pathogen was detected in 553 (72.8%) patients. The most common pathogen was SARS-CoV-2 (n=498, 68.2%), followed by <i>S. pneumoniae</i> (n=40, 6.4%). Serotypes contained in the 13-valent, 15-valent and 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine were detected in 42.5%, 45.0%, and 70.0% of the pneumococcal CAP cases. Between the first and second half of 2021, the proportion of CAP cases associated with <i>S. pneumoniae</i> increased from 1.1% to 5.6% in patients aged 18-59 years and from 2.5% to 12.4% in those aged ≥60 years; coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and <i>S. pneumoniae</i> among COVID-19 patients increased from 0.7% (2/283 cases) to 6.0% (13/215) in patients aged ≥18 years, and from 1.0% (2/195) to 8.7% (11/127) in those aged ≥60 years. <b>Conclusion</b>: In Germany, the proportion of CAP cases associated with <i>S. pneumoniae</i> rebounded to a near-pandemic level in the second half of 2021 and many pneumococcal infections occurred in patients with COVID-19. Vaccination uptake against respiratory pathogens, including <i>S. pneumoniae</i>, should be strengthened.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.15.22282988v1" target="_blank">Streptococcus pneumoniae re-emerges as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia, including frequent co-infection with SARS-CoV-2, in Germany, 2021</a>
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<li><strong>Prevalence of salivary anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in vaccinated children</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Vaccination against COVID-19 has mitigated the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection, decreasing the probability of progression to severe disease and death in vaccinated people. Parallel to the development and administration of COVID-19 vaccines, the immune response induced by the different vaccine platforms has been investigated, mainly, in the adult population. However, since the approval of the vaccines for use in pediatric individuals was a posteriori, vaccination began later in this population. This, added to the difficulty in obtaining blood samples from pediatric individuals, has led to less knowledge about the humoral immune response following vaccination in children. In this work, we analyzed the humoral response induced by vaccination in children through a non-invasive approach such as the measurement of specific salivary antibodies. Our results showed a high prevalence of specific salivary antibodies (81%), with the highest levels of antibodies being observed in those children who had three doses, a greater number of exposures and a shorter interval time between the last exposure to SARS-CoV-2 antigens and saliva collection. These results agree with those reported for the systemic humoral immune response in vaccinated adults, suggesting the administration of booster doses in children to maintain high antibody levels. Therefore, determination of salivary antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 could be a non-invasive tool for disease surveillance, vaccination follow-up and to assist vaccination strategies against COVID-19.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.15.22283480v1" target="_blank">Prevalence of salivary anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in vaccinated children</a>
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<li><strong>Depression and its associated factors among COVID-19 survivors in a middle income country</strong> -
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Introduction: COVID-19 survivors who have mental health issues are more likely to have a lower quality of life, reduced work productivity, social troubles, and other health issues. However, information on the mental health of COVID-19 survivors is scarce. Therefore, we aimed to determine  the COVID-19 survivors9 mental health status in the form of depression and its associated factors. Methods:  This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Malaysia, from July to September 2021, during a nationwide lockdown. Data was collected using an online questionnaire shared on social and news media. Socio-demographic variables, comorbidities, self-perception of health, information on the person’s acute condition during COVID-19 infection, symptoms and duration of symptoms post-COVID, and state of depression were gathered. The Patient Health Questionnaire 9 was used to assess depression. Factors associated with mild to severe depression were analysed using both univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 732 COVID-19 survivors responded to the survey. The respondents were mainly females and of younger age (in their 20s and 30s).  Two-thirds perceived themselves to be in good health. One in five reported to have experienced Long COVID.  Slightly less than half (47.3%) of the respondents had mild to severe depression (total PHQ-9 score of 5 -27).  In the multivariable analysis, being female (aOR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.08,2.62), of younger age (20s – aOR: 3.26; 95% CI: 1.47, 7.25;  30s – aOR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.05, 4.15;  and 40s – aOR: 2.43; 95% CI: 1.20, 4.90;  compared to those in the 50s and above), being overweight/obese (aOR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.83), having Long COVID (aOR: 2.45;  95% CI: 1.45, 4.16) and perceiving to have poorer health (aOR: 4.54; 95% CI: 2.89, 7.13) were associated with mild to severe depression. Conclusion: Females, younger age groups, being overweight/obese, having Long COVID and perceiving to be in poor health were factors associated with higher odds for mild to severe depression.
</p>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.15.22283550v1" target="_blank">Depression and its associated factors among COVID-19 survivors in a middle income country</a>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study for Immunocompromised Patients for Pre Exposure Prophylaxis of COVID-19 With AZD5156.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID 19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Placebo;   Biological: AZD5156;   Biological: AZD7442 (EVUSHELD™)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   AstraZeneca<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Huashi Baidu Formula Clinical Study</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Huashi Baidu Granule;   Drug: Monapiravir<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences;   Beijing YouAn Hospital;   Kossamak Hospital;   Kamuzu University of Health Sciences<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Shaping Care Home COVID-19 Testing Policy</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Diagnostic Test: Lateral Flow Device<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University College, London<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Baldachin: Ceiling HEPA-filtration to Prevent Nosocomial Transmission of COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Device: Baldachin<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University Hospital Inselspital, Berne<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Asunercept for the Treatment of Patients With Moderate to Severe COVID-19 Disease</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Asunercept;   Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Apogenix AG<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study in Adults to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Inhaled IBIO123, for Post-exposure Prophylaxis of COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: IBIO123;   Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Immune Biosolutions Inc<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A PhaseⅡ Study to Evaluate the Safety &amp; Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha/Beta/Delta/Omicron Variants COVID-19 Vaccine</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pandemic<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: SCTV01E;   Biological: Placebo (normal saline)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sinocelltech Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Efficacy of Azvudine and Paxlovid in High-risk Patients With COVID-19: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   SARS-CoV-2 Infection<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Azvudine;   Drug: Paxlovid group<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Southeast University, China;   Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Post-COVID-19 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Post-COVID-19 Syndrome;   Post-COVID Syndrome<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Synthetic Vitamin B1<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   ClinAmygate;   As-Salam Center, Maadi, Cairo, Egypt<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effectiveness of Supportive Psychotherapy Through Internet-Based Teleconsultation on Psychological and Somatic Symptoms, Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio, and Heart Rate Variability in Post Covid-19 Syndrome Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Post-COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: Supportive Psychotherapy<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Indonesia University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Graphene Photothermal Adjuvant Therapy for Mild Corona Virus Disease 2019: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Device: Graphene spectrum light wave therapy room<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Southeast University, China;   Hohhot First Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Variant (BA.4 /5) mRNA Vaccine</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: ABO1020;   Biological: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Suzhou Abogen Biosciences Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Prednisolone and Vitamin B1/6/12 in Patients With Post-Covid-Syndrome</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Post-COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Prednisolone 20 mg/ 5 mg;   Drug: Vitamin B compound (100mg B1, 50 mg B6, 500 µg B12);   Drug: Placebo for Vitamin B compound;   Drug: Placebo for Prednisolon<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Wuerzburg University Hospital;   University Hospital Tuebingen;   University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effects of an Immersive Virtual Reality Intervention</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Nurse’s Role;   COVID-19 Pandemic;   Mental Stress<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction by Therapeutic VR;   Behavioral: Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Booster Incentives</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Booster Message;   Booster Message + Financial Incentive<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: Messaging;   Behavioral: Financial Incentive;   Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of Southern California;   J-PAL North America<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Non-anticoagulant heparin derivatives for COVID-19 treatment</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Heme Oxygenase-1/High Mobility Group Box 1 Pathway May Have a Possible Role in COVID-19 ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome): A Pilot Histological Study</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Neuraminidase is a host-directed approach to regulate neutrophil responses in sepsis and COVID-19</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The conserved L1089 in the S2 subunit of avian infectious bronchitis virus determines viral kidney tropism by disrupting virus-cell fusion</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The mechanism and significance of the conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase in mammalian secretory gland cells</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 viral protein ORF3A injures renal tubules by interacting with TRIM59 to induce STAT3 activation</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>In vitro screening of anti-viral and virucidal effects against SARS-CoV-2 by Hypericum perforatum and Echinacea</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Serum 25-hydroxycholesterol levels are increased in patients with coronavirus disease 2019</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A leap towards personalised therapy of acute lung injury</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ginkgolic acids inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and its variants by blocking the spike protein/ACE2 interplay</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 signalome: Potential therapeutic interventions</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Astegolimab or Efmarodocokin Alfa in Patients With Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Randomized, Phase 2 Trial</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Prophylactic Administration of the Monoclonal Antibody Adintrevimab Protects against SARS-CoV-2 in Hamster and Non-Human Primate Models of COVID-19</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Inhibited personality traits, internalizing symptoms, and drinking to cope during the COVID-19 pandemic among emerging adults</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pattern enrichment analysis for phage selection of stapled peptide ligands</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Extremely Muddled G.O.P. Logic Behind Moore v. Harper</strong> - In the oral arguments, anyway, it looked like the Four Seasons Total Landscaping of legal cases. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/the-extremely-muddled-gop-logic-behind-moore-v-harper">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Kyrsten Sinema and the Fantasy of the Political Lone Wolf</strong> - Surely there’s some electoral calculation behind the Arizona senator’s decision to leave the Democratic Party, but the timing is especially confusing. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-political-scene/the-political-mystery-of-kyrsten-sinema">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Whom Do Credit-Card-Rewards Programs Really Reward?</strong> - The Durbin-Marshall bill targets a system of inflated fees that swell the profits of the country’s biggest banks. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/whom-do-credit-card-rewards-programs-really-reward">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How Grant Wahl Changed the Place of Soccer in America</strong> - The indefatigable sportswriter from Kansas knew that the power of the global game extended far beyond the field of play. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/postscript/how-grant-wahl-changed-the-place-of-soccer-in-america">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Pressure Increases on Sam Bankman-Fried</strong> - The government claims that his company was engaged in fraud from the start. If that’s correct, was he dishonest or deluded, or both? - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-pressure-increases-on-sam-bankman-fried">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Does a criminal referral from the January 6 committee mean anything?</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Rep. Bennie Thompson, a Black man with a white beard, wears sunglasses and a dark suit, with the Capitol building’s white dome behind him against a blue sky and white clouds." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/96o-VryntEXORUDYvx4lEUbN31c=/0x0:3467x2600/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71764062/GettyImages_1244858987a.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Rep. Bennie Thompson, chair of the House January 6 committee, leaves the Capitol on November 17. | Drew Angerer/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Criminal referrals don’t carry any legal weight. The January 6 ones will still be significant.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tH0tdE">
As the year draws to a close, so does the House <a href="https://www.vox.com/23273654/january-6-committee-trump-takeaways-capitol-attack">January 6 committee’s investigation</a> into the efforts to overturn the 2020 presidential election that culminated in the January 6, 2021, attack on the Capitol.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XGC7XA">
The committee will hold a final hearing on Monday, December 19, when its final report will also be released. The chair of the committee, Rep. Bennie Thompson (D-MS), told reporters that all nine members of the committee will speak at the final hearing, though it is expected to be shorter than previous hearings.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lDz4I6">
The big action item at the hearing is expected to be the issuance of criminal referrals to the Justice Department for criminal conduct, based on what the committee has found during its investigation. It will be the committee, in effect, passing the baton to the Justice Department to do what it will with its information and its recommendations. In particular, it will be up to <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/23466627/jack-smith-special-counsel-garland-trump">Jack Smith</a>, the career prosecutor appointed in November to be special counsel for the federal government’s investigations of Trump. Smith recently <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/14/politics/jack-smith-subpoena-battleground-states/index.html">issued subpoenas to government officials</a> in all seven states that were targeted by Trump allies in an effort to overturn the election, as his far less public investigation has been moving forward.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6Wksap">
The criminal referrals are still a significant capstone to the committee’s work, even if they are simply advisory. Here’s what to know about them.
</p>
<h3 id="FNflUM">
What will the criminal referrals do?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Gp6c5w">
A criminal referral is really just a recommendation from the committee to the Justice Department that it should prosecute individuals whom the committee believes have committed crimes. It doesn’t mean they will — it’s not binding and has no legal effect. The committee has no authority to punish anyone otherwise.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XI9zCc">
However, it could have a real effect on public perception. The committee’s hearing will be nationally televised, and it’s not every day a congressional committee recommends that someone face criminal prosecution in the full spotlight of the national media.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Cs6YGU">
The referrals will add public pressure to the DOJ to act, and increase scrutiny of its decisions. The committee has compiled evidence it will say backs up the referrals and that evidence will be public, both in the committee’s report and the depositions the committee took during its investigation. Smith was appointed to carry out the Justice Department’s investigation in a way that is supposed to be insulated from politics. The result is that Smith’s team is almost certain to view the committee’s evidence as more useful than its recommendations.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Cc8pDg">
One of the committee’s chief objectives was to complete the historical accounting for what happened that day, and these referrals will now be attached to that. As one person close to the committee told Vox, “The committee wouldn’t be doing its job if they did not refer people who they believe have violated the law for criminal prosecution.”
</p>
<h3 id="9kn82X">
Who will the committee refer for prosecution?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="miQMs4">
First and foremost is former President Donald Trump. <a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/10/14/23404556/january-6-hearings-analysis-capitol-attack">The committee</a> has spent months outlining how the former president broke the law in his efforts to overturn the election. It even made this argument in a California court case earlier this year, where a federal judge agreed with the committee’s lawyers. Then, federal district court <a href="https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840.260.0.pdf">Judge David Carter ruled that</a> documents the committee subpoenaed from John Eastman, an outside Trump lawyer, were not protected by attorney-client privilege because Eastman and Trump were acting as criminal co-conspirators. Carter wrote that it was “more likely than not that President Trump corruptly attempted to obstruct the Joint Session of Congress on January 6, 2021” and “more likely than not that President Trump and Dr. Eastman dishonestly conspired to obstruct the Joint Session of Congress on January 6, 2021.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DODSkT">
<a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2022/12/16/jan-6-committee-trump-criminal-referral-00074411">Politico reported</a> Friday that the committee is expected to recommend that the Department of Justice charge Trump with at least three crimes: insurrection, obstruction of an official proceeding, and conspiracy to defraud the United States government.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Yka0Of">
Eastman, the outside lawyer who <a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/6/16/23171707/january-6-committee-hearing-pence-trump-day-three">pushed for former Vice President Mike Pence to unilaterally overturn the election</a>, also could face a criminal referral for his efforts to<strong> </strong>push false claims about election fraud and disrupt the process of certifying the 2020 election.<strong> </strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="H5xyxA">
Other <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/08/politics/january-6-committee-criminal-referrals/index.html">potential targets</a> for criminal referrals could include Trump lawyer <a href="https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/12/a-conversation-with-rudy-giuliani-over-bloody-marys.html">Rudy Giuliani</a> as well as <a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/6/23/23179173/jeffrey-clark-doj-january-6">Jeffrey Clark</a>, the former Justice Department official who was briefly poised to become Trump’s acting attorney general and weaponized the DOJ to attempt to overturn the 2020 election. Clark was concerned enough about criminal exposure that he repeatedly invoked the Fifth Amendment when questioned by the committee.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fkfXek">
Thompson <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2022/12/13/jan-6-committee-referrals-donald-trump-00073776">has also told reporters</a> that there will be “five or six” categories of referrals, which means those involved in the effort to overturn the election could face referral for bar discipline if they are lawyers, or to the House Ethics Committee if they are members of Congress.
</p>
<h3 id="sb19kq">
What happens next?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0m4sLo">
All of the information collected by the committee, as chronicled in its report and in the multitude of depositions, will be made publicly available and thus accessible to the Department of Justice’s investigation. The committee and the DOJ have been working along parallel lines, and it’s likely that at least some information collected by the committee will buttress the DOJ’s ongoing efforts.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lkZltN">
Then there’s the 2024 impact. Republicans have long written off the January 6 committee as a partisan exercise, but criminal referrals could have an impact if a congressional committee explicitly says Donald Trump committed crimes in his effort to overturn the 2020 election. While Republican primary voters are unlikely to reject the former president explicitly over his conduct, it’s likely to increase the growing level of fatigue that many Republican primary voters have with Trump, who has spent recent weeks <a href="https://apnews.com/article/2022-midterm-elections-kanye-west-entertainment-donald-trump-21ea30fc30a9a97074581015b25e18bf">dining with antisemites</a> and <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/business-63995563">flogging NFTs</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4Kb69i">
The committee itself served to <a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/10/14/23404556/january-6-hearings-analysis-capitol-attack">keep the efforts</a> to overturn the election in the news throughout the summer and into the fall, contributing to a midterm election where <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/23450428/donald-trump-midterm-elections-republican-red-wave">swing voters shied away</a> from those Republicans most associated with election denial and Trump’s efforts to overturn the 2020 election. With Trump <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/23436640/donald-trump-announce-run-presidential-campaign-2024">now an active candidate for 2024</a>, a criminal referral would loom over any discussion of his campaign or action taken by the former president moving forward.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YpuveH">
In the meantime, the committee dissolves at the end of Congress’s current session, and a number of its members won’t be returning to Congress. <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/11/2/23434760/elaine-luria-january-6-midterms">Reps. Elaine Luria (D-VA)</a> and <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/8/12/23301904/liz-cheney-wyoming-donald-trump-gop">Liz Cheney (R-WY)</a> lost their bids for reelection while <a href="https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2021/03/adam-kinzingers-bold-prediction-trump-will-fade-away.html">Reps. Adam Kinzinger (R-IL)</a> and Stephanie Murphy (D-FL) decided against even running.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Q3jKzn">
However, others will still have high-profile perches in the next Congress, with Rep. Pete Aguilar (D-CA) as the number three House Democrat and Reps. Jamie Raskin (D-MD) and Adam Schiff (D-CA) both poised to remain highly visible even as Republicans take the majority in the House.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="c7s2Aa">
But that doesn’t mean they won’t still be talking about January 6. Only hours after the hearing gavels to a close, Cheney will be <a href="https://crystalbridges.org/calendar/wtp-liz-cheney/">speaking at an event</a> in Arkansas.
</p></li>
<li><strong>Peru is in crisis. How did it happen?</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Anti-government protestors in Lima" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/XVtbWcGAXucfpmP23FHA6qdVM-M=/358x0:6077x4289/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71762605/1245652835.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Klebher Vasquez/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images
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</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Former President Pedro Castillo is in jail. That’s nothing new in Peruvian politics.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Bnngs7">
Peru’s former president Pedro Castillo is in prison, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/16/world/americas/peru-protests-castillo-boluarte.html">at least 20 people are dead</a>, <a href="https://www.axios.com/2022/12/16/tourists-stranded-machu-picchu-protests-peru">hundreds of tourists are stranded</a>, and the nation is in crisis after Castillo was ousted from his position on December 7. Dina Boluarte, the South American nation’s sixth president in seven years, <a href="https://apnews.com/article/politics-peru-caribbean-pedro-castillo-f087a89f7ef0c7c64d6cdf0bc872cfc6">is now struggling to maintain control</a> in a political environment where chaos and corruption are the norm.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="j9C8BN">
Castillo’s leadership came to an end after he attempted to dissolve Congress earlier this month prior to a planned impeachment vote following <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/07/world/americas/peru-pedro-castillo-coup.html">corruption charges</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pi5O6E">
“We have taken the decision to establish an emergency government, to reestablish the rule of law and democracy to which effect the following measures are dictated: to dissolve Congress temporarily, to install a government of exceptional emergency, to call to the shortest term possible to elections for a new Congress with the ability to draft a new Constitution,” he declared December 7 during a televised national address.
</p>
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The military and police <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/07/world/americas/peru-pedro-castillo-coup.html">quickly denounced Castillo</a>, who came to power by popular vote last year, while the nation’s highest court declared Castillo’s plan unconstitutional and much of his cabinet resigned. Congress <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-12-16/peru-s-turmoil-understanding-the-struggle-between-castillo-and-congress?utm_source=google&amp;utm_medium=bd&amp;cmpId=google">voted overwhelmingly to impeach him</a>, and by the end of the day Boluarte, his vice president, had been sworn into the presidency.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vcTUZE">
Over the past week, protests over Castillo’s removal and Boluarte’s accession have thrown the nation into tumult. Boluarte <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/peru-president-boluarte-ask-congress-bring-elections-forward-2024-2022-12-12/">has promised new elections in 2024</a>, two years earlier than the end of Castillo’s term, but protesters frustrated with Peru’s political system have continued to gather, demanding reform and clashing with the military and police forces sent to pacify them.
</p>
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Since taking power, Boluarte has imposed curfews in some cities and suspended some civil liberties like the <a href="https://www2.congreso.gob.pe/sicr/RelatAgenda/constitucion.nsf/constitucion/6FB258E38A13F1A40525672A004F862F">right to free movement within the country and to assembly</a> amid the ongoing unrest. In what has turned out to be an incredibly volatile situation, though, some <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/12/13/peru-castillo-protests/">Latin American political leaders</a>, as well as <a href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/12/peru-crisis-human-rights/">Amnesty International</a>, say Boluarte and the police forces have overstepped their bounds.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xfz4PE">
Boluarte is Peru’s first female leader, and strongly denounced her predecessor’s attempt to dissolve congress. “I reject Pedro Castillo’s decision to perpetrate the breakdown of the constitutional order with the closure of Congress. It is a coup that aggravates the political and institutional crises that Peruvian society must overcome with strict adherence to the law,” <a href="https://twitter.com/DinaErcilia/status/1600553424952737827">she tweeted</a> at the time.
</p>
<div id="FAuLFH">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="es">
Rechazo la decisión de Pedro Castillo de perpetrar el quiebre del orden constitucional con el cierre del Congreso. Se trata de un golpe de Estado que agrava la crisis política e institucional que la sociedad peruana tendrá que superar con estricto apego a la ley.
</p>
— Dina Boluarte Z. (<span class="citation" data-cites="DinaErcilia">@DinaErcilia</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/DinaErcilia/status/1600553424952737827?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 7, 2022</a>
</blockquote></div></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZVYFLN">
Meanwhile, Castillo’s prison sentence has been extended to 18 months as of this Thursday, as prosecutors plan to bring charges of alleged <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/12/16/peru-judge-extends-ex-president-castillos-detention-by-18-months">rebellion, conspiracy and abuse of power against him</a>. Meanwhile, protesters are staging increasingly disruptive demonstrations, including <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/12/13/peru-castillo-protests/">shutting down the Pan-American highway</a> near the capital Lima, a<a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/peru-protests-blockade-roads-force-five-airports-close-2022-12-16/">nd have forced five airports to close</a>. <a href="https://apnews.com/article/politics-peru-caribbean-covid-6921c3c8bcf95f654b70d8de39dfc550">Rural protests</a> have been particularly violent, as protesters demand new elections and for Boluarte to step down.
</p>
<h3 id="Je7dRN">
Another chapter in Peru’s messy political history
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Itajfl">
Peru’s current political turmoil is part of a pattern of<a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Peru/Government-and-society"> political instability</a> reaching back through much of the 20th century. There have been <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Peru/Government-and-society">multiple coups</a> as well as a dictatorship throughout the 1990s under former President Alberto Fujimori, who is now in prison for gross human rights violations, including operating anti-communist death squads.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iOdtT7">
Of Peru’s last seven presidents, <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-12-16/peru-s-turmoil-understanding-the-struggle-between-castillo-and-congress">Bloomberg reported Friday</a>, four have been implicated in the same graft investigation, one was impeached, and another lasted only five days in office before resigning.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EcD4IW">
Castillo, too, has been accused of corruption, with <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/peru-prosecutors-increase-pressure-president-they-order-allies-detained-2022-10-11/">Attorney General Patricia Benavides</a> claiming to have found, “very serious indications of a criminal organization that has taken roots in the government” according to <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/12/7/perus-pedro-castillo-blasts-critics-ahead-of-impeachment-hearing">Al Jazeera</a>. Castillo and some of his family members are facing <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/perus-castillo-says-opponents-trying-blow-up-democracy-with-impeachment-trial-2022-12-06/">six separate corruption investigations</a>, though he has denied wrongdoing.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5DYdGM">
Anticipating a third impeachment vote last week, Castillo declared the congress dissolved and an emergency government in place, allowing him to rule by decree. According to <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/07/world/americas/peru-pedro-castillo-coup.html">the New York Times</a>, Castillo last month threatened to disband the congress, and <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/07/world/americas/peru-pedro-castillo-coup.html">had apparently been exploring the possibility of a coup attempt for some time</a>, quietly asking military leaders if they would support him in such a situation.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="r2fYYO">
Castillo, a leftist populist, ran for president against Keiko Fujimori, the daughter of former dictator Alberto Fujimori. Castillo was the first leftist leader in Peru in decades, and his election indicated a repudiation of Peru’s elite political establishment, as well as the massive divide between rural and urban access to services like healthcare and education.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kBavzf">
<a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alberto-Fujimori">Fujimori</a>, too, <a href="https://apnews.com/article/politics-peru-caribbean-government-and-ee258b8b8495c9ae06a43f6d3c906a7a">was democratically elected</a>, but seized power in much the same way Castillo intended to — with the backing of the military he dissolved congress, declared a state of emergency, and rewrote the constitution in 1993, an amended version of which Peru still uses today. That constitution <a href="https://apnews.com/article/politics-peru-caribbean-government-and-ee258b8b8495c9ae06a43f6d3c906a7a">does allow the president to dissolve congress if his government fails to survive two votes of confidence</a>, causing a consistent, low-grade conflict between presidents and their congresses <a href="https://apnews.com/article/peru-caribbean-government-pedro-castillo-62923886f7c53b1dcceb0db84cb09888">as each tries to eliminate the other</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VJ0hgc">
Boluarte, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/dina-boluarte-perus-first-female-president-pledges-heal-nations-wounds-2022-12-08/">in a speech at her swearing in</a>, seemed to tacitly acknowledge the present chaos and the turmoil leading up to it, asking the Peruvian people for “valuable time to rescue the country from corruption and misrule.”
</p>
<h3 id="COWVVc">
What’s next for Peru?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2PKDNY">
After years of corruption and instability, Peru’s immediate- and long-range political future is murky at best. And increasing poverty and lack of access to social services like education and healthcare in rural areas, too, is compounding Peruvians’ frustration with a government seemingly interested only in its own power, and not in materially changing the lives of the electorate.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DpVzP9">
<a href="https://apnews.com/article/latin-america-peru-discrimination-government-and-politics-33f5b1ab4358a3a7a89014f3a817800b">Castillo</a> was Peru’s first campesino president, the child of illiterate farmers and a former farmer, teacher, and union leader in whom many of Peru’s rural population saw themselves represented. In a highly stratified society, Castillo’s supporters from the Andean and other rural regions see him as “<a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/12/16/the-forgotten-ones-rural-supporters-stand-by-perus-castillo">an ordinary man from the countryside</a>,” as supporter Enrique Salazar told Al Jazeera.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HHxx1x">
The protesters are not simply demonstrating to bring back Castillo, although some are calling for his reinstatement. Rather, their frustration is an indictment of a political system in which many do not feel represented, and a <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=associated+press+peru&amp;biw=926&amp;bih=709&amp;tbm=nws&amp;sxsrf=ALiCzsbi27bJ4SJdUJHVPGIKTsDRDr4Rfg%3A1671299848502&amp;ei=CAOeY8SiHruk5NoPoqukuAg&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjExqGOnYH8AhU7ElkFHaIVCYcQ4dUDCA4&amp;uact=5&amp;oq=associated+press+peru&amp;gs_lcp=Cgxnd3Mtd2l6LW5ld3MQAzIGCAAQFhAeOgUIABCRAjoLCAAQgAQQsQMQgwE6CAgAELEDEIMBOgQIABBDOggIABCABBCxAzoHCAAQsQMQQzoICAAQsQMQkQI6DQgAEIAEELEDEIMBEAo6CggAEIAEELEDEAo6BQgAEIAEUJcFWKgkYNMmaARwAHgAgAFUiAG2C5IBAjIymAEAoAEBsAEAwAEB&amp;sclient=gws-wiz-news">deeply entrenched racism and divide between rural and urban experience</a> that was exacerbated by the coronavirus pandemic.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="a9M8cw">
“When he <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/28/perus-castillo-faces-major-challenges-as-presidency-begins">railed against inequality</a>, poverty and the indifference of the state’s political elites, it was a message that resonated,” Jorge Aragon, a political science professor at Peru’s Pontifical Catholic University, told <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/12/16/the-forgotten-ones-rural-supporters-stand-by-perus-castillo">Al Jazeera</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9A23Yd">
Castillo, who had no political experience prior to taking Peru’s highest office, promised to nationalize the nation’s mining industry and to rewrite the constitution, among other improvements aimed at the rural poor. But at no point did he accomplish his campaign goals; in fact, people <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/peru-inflation-protests-grip-tourist-capital-cuzco-gateway-machu-picchu-2022-04-19/">protested against his response to inflation just this year</a>. Castillo also went through a dizzying number of cabinet switch-ups, cycling through about <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/07/world/americas/peru-pedro-castillo-coup.html">80 different ministers during his 16-month tenure</a>. Many of those he put into high-level government positions were political allies with no relevant experience; some were under investigation for serious crimes like domestic violence and murder, according to the <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/07/world/americas/peru-pedro-castillo-coup.html">New York Times</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IycmPi">
<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/12/13/peru-castillo-protests/">Some Latin American leaders</a>, including Mexico’s left-wing President Andrés Manuel López Obrador, still recognize Castillo as Peru’s rightful president; López Obrador is r<a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/mexican-president-slams-perus-state-emergency-blasts-us-official-2022-12-16/">eportedly exploring options to offer asylum to Castillo</a>, who remains in prison as of Saturday.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uXwalc">
With the present instability comes the question of whether Peru’s institutions can survive in such a fragile, volatile democracy.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kC4Vso">
“For Peru, this is just another episode in a dramatic trend of political instability and institutional degradation,” Erika Rodriguez, a senior fellow at the Atlantic Council’s Adrienne Arsht Latin America Center wrote in a blog post last week. However, it’s likely a positive sign that Castillo had so little support to carry out his attempted power grab; “He did it alone; no one accompanied him in his most recent anti-democratic drift, not his cabinet, not the army, and not his supporters,” Rodriguez wrote. Furthermore, though Peru’s politics have been bogged down by corruption and crime, the criminal justice system <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-12-16/peru-s-turmoil-understanding-the-struggle-between-castillo-and-congress?utm_source=google&amp;utm_medium=bd&amp;cmpId=google">has made concerted efforts</a> to bring those high-level perpetrators to justice.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qqOpPE">
Still, Peruvians disillusioned with political turmoil and the deepening inequality in the country may not see solutions to their problems any time soon. A country in a state of emergency is challenging to govern, never mind rooting out entrenched corruption and repairing the disparities which brought a leader like Castillo to power in the first place.
</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>A not-intimidating guide to meal planning</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="An illustration of hands stirring a pot on a stove. " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/3Ay6xQDHJLwlez3gwzUR8YeFSiQ=/111x0:1551x1080/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71761331/meal_plan.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Here’s one way to make feeding yourself a joy instead of a chore.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NgzXjJ">
Have you ever stared at the contents of your refrigerator at 7 pm, trying to figure out what you might be able to concoct with the random assortment of items you have on hand? Deciding what to cook for dinner every night, whether you’re feeding yourself, a partner, or an entire family, is a task that involves far more mental work than just cooking — it also takes planning, preparation, and organization. Without a plan, figuring out dinner might involve running out to the grocery store after work to buy ingredients for the recipe you’ve just decided to make and finally eating at 9, or it might end in giving up and ordering takeout once again because you just can’t figure out what to cook. And if you’re busy, or just overwhelmed by other parts of your life, figuring out how to feed yourself three times a day, every single day, <a href="https://www.vox.com/even-better/23280554/feeding-nourishing-meals-difficult-loss-appetite">becomes even more challenging</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="W4gxMK">
But there is a way to make cooking dinner much simpler and far less anxiety-inducing: meal planning. For the past six years, I have been devoted to the strategy of planning out the meals I’ll cook each week. This organizational strategy has made my weeknight dinners easier and more efficient, saved me time and money, and kept my life organized. (During that time, I also became a parent, making time, energy, and money ever more finite resources in my household; meal planning has helped make things slightly more manageable.) I have a searchable database of more than 1,500 recipes that I’ve bookmarked over the years. It would not be an exaggeration to say that meal planning changed my life: I’ve become a better home cook since I started meal planning, becoming more confident in my cooking skills and more adventurous in the types of recipes I try out. And I’m almost never stressed about what to cook for dinner on any given night because I’ve already decided ahead of time — and I always have the exact ingredients I need for that recipe in my fridge.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tKikFe">
Putting healthy and delicious meals on the table every day is about far more than just the actual act of cooking: There is a vast mental load that goes into cooking, from selecting recipes to making grocery lists to keeping tabs on what ingredients you have on hand and what needs to be used up, in addition to remembering family members’ varying likes and dislikes and dietary restrictions. Meal planning can help you manage that mental load so that cooking dinner feels less like a chore and begins to become something you actually enjoy.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1u77Wi">
If you want to start cooking more in 2023, starting to meal plan might be <a href="https://www.vox.com/even-better/23486112/attainable-new-years-resolution-goals-life-change">a great resolution</a> for you. And you don’t have to be an organizational wizard to start doing it — you can build a system that works for your needs, lifestyle, and schedule. Here’s how to get started.
</p>
<h3 id="S6hd14">
What’s meal planning, and what’s the difference between that and meal prepping?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aYNxba">
Meal planning is the act of picking out the recipes you’ll cook each day of the week, like setting a menu for the week ahead. Meal planning is different from meal prepping. Meal prepping, which might make you think of rows of Pinterest-perfect pre-portioned Tupperware containers, is the habit of preparing batched meals ahead of time, often on Sundays, so that you don’t have to prepare meals during the week.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MOGef9">
Which strategy is right for you? It depends on your needs and your schedule. Meal prepping can be better for those who can commit several hours to cooking on weekends but don’t have time to cook on weekdays, since meals are already prepared and portioned and you can simply grab them out of the fridge. If you like variety, though, or hate leftovers, meal prepping might not be for you, since it can often require eating the same meal multiple times in one week.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QJDjw3">
Meal planning allows for more variety, if you have the time to cook on weekdays — but it still saves you a lot of time by accomplishing most of the menu logistics and recipe selection in advance.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zKzhr9">
If you want to try meal planning, but it seems intimidating, start small with just one meal a day. “If you’re feeling overwhelmed by the idea of meal planning, start by just planning lunches or breakfasts for the week,” says Erica Adler, a personal chef, recipe developer, and co-author of the ebook <a href="https://www.abigailanderica.com/e-book/p/meal-prep-made-simple-by-abigail-koffler-erica-adler">Meal Prep Made Simple</a>. “For whatever reason, I’ve always found them less intimidating than dinner. Or instead of planning for a full week in advance, start by just planning a couple of days in advance.” Over time, as you get more comfortable, you can scale up and start planning out two or three meals a day.
</p>
<h3 id="bWRBAA">
Start by creating a master list of your go-to recipes
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dUV1VA">
The key to successful, easy meal planning starts with a list of go-to recipes that you know, love, and feel comfortable cooking. “Start a list in whatever notes app you prefer of meals you like,” says Abigail Koffler, a food writer, cooking instructor, and Adler’s co-author. “This could range from the simple (pasta with jarred marinara sauce and roasted broccoli with nutritional yeast is a staple in my home) to the more complex (sometimes you might be inspired to make flatbreads on a weeknight). You can link recipes from blogs or note their source — cookbook, newsletter, index card, TikTok — so they’re easy to reference and find while grocery shopping.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="e13u3a">
There is an overwhelming number of recipes on the internet, and countless sources to choose from. If you’re not sure where to start, think about some of your favorite flavors or ingredients. “If you’re stuck for inspiration, pick one ingredient you love — or find in your pantry and want to use up — and find a few recipes that use it,” says Koffler. Search for recipes with those ingredients in food publications, like <a href="https://cooking.nytimes.com/">New York Times Cooking</a>, <a href="https://www.bonappetit.com/">Bon Appétit</a>, <a href="https://www.epicurious.com/">Epicurious</a>, or <a href="https://www.thekitchn.com/">The Kitchn</a>, or on food blogs such as <a href="https://smittenkitchen.com/">Smitten Kitchen</a>, <a href="https://whatsgabycooking.com/">What’s Gaby Cooking</a>, or <a href="https://www.halfbakedharvest.com/">Half-Baked Harvest</a>.
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Every time you try a new recipe you like, add it to your list. While tracking your recipes might seem like an additional task on your to-do list, a small amount of effort to save and organize recipes upfront can help you save time in the long run. Over time, that recipe list will grow and evolve — and soon you’ll have a personal database of your favorites that you can always refer to.
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To store and organize your recipes, choose a tool that you’ll use regularly — for some, that might be an iPhone note, as Koffler suggests; for others, it might be a spreadsheet. You can also use recipe storage apps such as <a href="https://www.anylist.com/">Anylist</a> or <a href="https://www.paprikaapp.com/">Paprika</a>, which let you easily import recipes and organize them into categories, and then allow you to add ingredients from your stored recipes to your grocery list. I use Anylist for storing my recipes and managing my grocery list, and over six years, I’ve saved nearly 1,500 recipes in the app.
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One bonus of using recipe manager apps is searchability and categorization. If you’re in the mood for, say, steak this week, you can search “steak” in your recipe app and pull up every steak recipe you’ve saved over the years and select one that sounds good. If you’re craving Mexican, you can look at the Mexican recipe category in your app and find one that satisfies.
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Consult your calendar for the week and choose your recipes strategically
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Each weekend, sit down and look at your calendar — or your household or family calendar — and consider which nights you’ll be home and you’ll need to cook meals.
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Now that you have your master list of recipes, you can simply plug and play, says Koffler. Consult your recipe database and select a recipe for each night you’ll be home. Consider what will work best for your lifestyle and schedule — if Mondays are hectic because you work late or have to pick up the kids from soccer, perhaps it’s a good night for a slow cooker chili that will be ready to serve by the time you arrive home. If you know you’ll be short on time on Wednesday, it might be a good night for a sheet pan recipe that minimizes active cooking time.
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Make sure to take stock of what’s in your pantry, fridge, and freezer beforehand, checking what produce or other ingredients you have left over from the previous week that you might want to use up. Factoring that into your recipe choices will help you save money — if you have salmon in the freezer, for instance, search for salmon in your recipe list and plug in a salmon recipe one night. If you have half a cabbage left over from the previous week, you might want to make a slaw that uses up some of it.
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Koffler suggests choosing multiple recipes with the same ingredient, which helps maximize resources. “Maybe you buy two cans of coconut milk and use one in overnight oats and one in a soup. Or avoid food waste and split a bunch of herbs by using some in a grain salad and some in a dip.”
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Once you’ve decided on a menu for the week, write it down and put it somewhere easily visible and accessible to all members of the household. I like to put them on a shared Google Calendar, since my husband and I both look at our Google Calendars daily. You might like a whiteboard on your fridge. Choose something that members of your household will look at regularly so no one ever has to ask you what’s for dinner tonight: They know where they can find the weekly menu.
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Build a grocery list based on your meal plan and do one grocery shop a week
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Now that you’ve selected meals, go through the ingredients list for each recipe in your meal plan and add those items to your shopping list. If you use a recipe manager app like Paprika or Anylist, these tools make this step extremely easy as they also have built-in grocery lists — you can click on ingredients in the recipes you’ve stored and add them to your list automatically. This can save a lot of time and mental work involved in manually cross-referencing every recipe’s ingredients list.
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Then do one shopping trip for the week — or place a grocery delivery order — and get all the groceries you need for the recipes you’ve chosen. Doing so will help ensure that you already have all the ingredients that you’ll need to make each night’s dish — no more dashing out to the store because you realized you don’t have garlic on hand.
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Shopping based on your meal plan will also help you save money on groceries, which are already <a href="https://www.vox.com/even-better/23465536/cooking-food-inflation-grocery-prices">more expensive than ever due to rising inflation</a>. Shopping with a precise list based on the recipes you plan to make cuts down on food waste, since you only purchase exactly what you need, and minimizes extra shopping trips during the week — thus cutting down on impulse buys that might lead to increased spending over time.
</p>
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Make weeknights less chaotic with some preparation on Sundays
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aeZidj">
Full-on meal prep — cooking all your meals for the week — can feel daunting, especially if it requires setting aside several hours on a day off to cook. But meal prep can be as simple as preparing a few items ahead that are “building blocks” — not full recipes but elements of recipes that can be used multiple ways, and will make getting dinner on the table on weeknights easier and faster.
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For instance, taking 15 minutes to wash, peel, and chop produce can make it easier to make salads or roasted vegetables during the week. Cooking a big pot of grains such as rice or quinoa can make it faster to assemble grain bowls. Whisking together a dressing or sauce that can be used for multiple meals throughout the week can also save time and make meals feel fancier and more flavorful. Accomplishing just a couple of these tasks, which generally take no more than half an hour, can make busy weeknights after work a lot smoother by minimizing how much active cooking you need to do.
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Don’t stress if it doesn’t all go according to plan
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="n7BcW1">
It’s okay to start small and take shortcuts — if you’re a novice cook, you don’t have to plan to make elaborate recipes every night. It’s fine to start with simple classics like pasta, tacos, chili, or whatever else feels accessible to you. And use prepared ingredients if they make your life easier: “I am such a fan of a semi-homemade dish,” says Adler. “You’ll often find me working a jarred sauce, precut veggie, or store-bought pesto into a recipe. There is absolutely no shame in a shortcut.”
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If you feel stressed out by trying to stick to a plan, or just are too tired to cook one night, don’t beat yourself up. It’s okay to throw out the plan sometimes and do what feels best for you.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="G0yROp">
“The best-laid plans go awry, and meal planning should make your life easier, not harder,” Koffler says. “It’s okay to go off script if you’re not in the mood to make something, and you can always freeze things if you wind up going out to dinner unexpectedly.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2H7Tfb">
<a href="http://www.vox.com/even-better"><em><strong>Even Better</strong></em></a><em> is here to offer deeply sourced, actionable advice for helping you live a better life. Do you have a question on money and work; friends, family, and community; or personal growth and health? Send us your question by filling out this </em><a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfiStGSlsWDBmglim7Dh1Y9Hy386rkeKGpfwF6BCjmgnZdqfQ/viewform"><em><strong>form</strong></em></a><em>. We might turn it into a story.</em>
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</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A sweet first for captain Rahul</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Zakir’s ton on Test debut headlines Bangladesh’s spirited fight</strong> - His fine hundred partnership with Najmul for the first wicket and Shakib’s valiant effort ensures there’s no ‘expected rollover’</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>India demolishes Bangladesh, Shakib’s gallant cameo notwithstanding</strong> - The 188-run victory helps India leapfrog South Africa and take second spot, behind Australia, in the WTC race</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How gritty Devika won her blue shirt back</strong> - She kept the pursuit of her dream going despite several setbacks</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>FIFA World Cup 2022 | Five most memorable goals</strong> - AFP looks at some of the most memorable goals of the tournament</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Kamal Haasan to join Rahul Gandhi’s Bharat Jodo Yatra in Delhi</strong> - Kamal Haasan said that his participation in the Yatra will indicate where his sympathies lie in politics</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Only a revised survey report on buffer zone will be submitted in Supreme Court: Saseendran</strong> - Minister says inhabited areas will be excluded; more time will be sought from court for submitting report</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Government’s focus is on Tripura’s all-round development, says PM Modi</strong> - Thousands of crores of rupees are being spent on connectivity and infrastructure projects in the State, he said.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Amid ED probe, Chhattisgarh CM says prepared for more such moves from Centre as polls approach</strong> - The ED has been probing a money laundering case linked to the alleged levy of money on coal and mining transporters in Chhattisgarh</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>India and Sri Lanka to launch ferry service next month between Kankesanthurai port and Puducherry: reports</strong> - The Minister instructed the Ports, Shipping, and Civil Aviation Ministry Secretary to take immediate steps to develop infrastructure related to customs, immigration and emigration</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine: Russia to deploy musicians to front to boost morale</strong> - The new “front-line creative brigade” will consist of volunteer musicians and mobilised recruits.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Putin meets generals as Russian missiles pound cities</strong> - Senior Ukrainian commanders say Russia could be planning a new attack early next year.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Berlin AquaDom aquarium: Police not seeking suspects over explosion</strong> - Berlin police say a tweet asking for help in tracking down suspects linked to the incident is fake.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Poland grenade incident: Police chief confirms unusual Ukrainian gift</strong> - Jaroslaw Szymczyk says he accidentally set off a grenade launcher given to him as a gift by Ukraine.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>World Cup 2022: Fans count down the hours to final</strong> - Supporters in Buenos Aires and Paris are preparing for a historic clash between Argentina and France.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>I am Superman: The Trek EXe mountain e-bike, reviewed</strong> - Hitting the trails with Trek’s top of the line mountain e-bike. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1904915">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Once a VR true believer, a “wearied” John Carmack leaves Meta</strong> - Departing CTO rails against “inefficiency” and “self-sabotage” in the Meta ranks. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1905415">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Corsair says bug, not keylogger, behind some K100 keyboards’ creepy behavior</strong> - An error with the macro recording feature may be to blame. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1905144">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Riffusion’s AI generates music from text using visual sonograms</strong> - Stable Diffusion-powered music generator processes sound in the visual space. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1905167">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Twitter stiffs software vendor with $8 million left on contract, lawsuit says</strong> - Lawsuit: Twitter has refused to make required payments since Musk took over. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1905345">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How do you get 30 Canadians out of a pool?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
You say, “O.K., everybody, it’s time to get out of the pool!”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/kirrk"> /u/kirrk </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zom06c/how_do_you_get_30_canadians_out_of_a_pool/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zom06c/how_do_you_get_30_canadians_out_of_a_pool/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>My Tinder bio says that I have a corner office with views of the entire city, drive a $500,000 vehicle, and I’m paid to travel</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
You should see my my dates’ faces when I tell them I’m a bus driver!
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/fhqwhgadsz"> /u/fhqwhgadsz </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zo6fxw/my_tinder_bio_says_that_i_have_a_corner_office/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zo6fxw/my_tinder_bio_says_that_i_have_a_corner_office/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Why is Texas called the Lone Star state?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Because of all the one-star reviews
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/IGottaHandItToMe"> /u/IGottaHandItToMe </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zon4ev/why_is_texas_called_the_lone_star_state/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zon4ev/why_is_texas_called_the_lone_star_state/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Elon Musk lands on Mars and steps out of his spaceship</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<h3>
“It’s a small step for a man, but a giant leap for mankind,” says the ground control officer and cuts off all communications.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/LadeeAlana"> /u/LadeeAlana </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zo6zeo/elon_musk_lands_on_mars_and_steps_out_of_his/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zo6zeo/elon_musk_lands_on_mars_and_steps_out_of_his/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Snow.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Snow is like a penis.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
It’s measured in inches and soft to the touch.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
It cums when you least expect it and it never gets as deep as you’d like it.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Driving in the snow is like eating pussy, if you don’t slow down and pay attention you could slide into the asshole in front of you…
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Be careful this winter.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Buddy2269"> /u/Buddy2269 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zo7pkp/snow/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zo7pkp/snow/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
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