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<title>02 January, 2023</title>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Revising Home Advantage in Sport – Home Advantage Mediation (HAM) Model</strong> -
<div>
Home Advantage (HA) is a robust phenomenon in which sport teams or individuals are more successful when they play in front of their fans. There are a number of causes of HA, but most theories assume that the crowd support spurs home players to better performance and biases referees, and that these two factors in turn influence the result. The interest in HA has grown during the Covid-19 pandemic as most competitions were taking place behind closed doors, a perfect control condition for disentangling the causal effects behind HA. Despite the presence of useful conceptual frameworks, most previous research has focused on investigating isolated individual factors. Here we review our newly developed Home Advantage Mediated (HAM) model, which considers all individual factors and their interrelations simultaneously. HAM assumes that the crowd effects are mediated through other relevant factors, such as referee bias and team performance. Most importantly, HAM can be formally expressed as a mediation model, a technique widely employed in social sciences for investigating causal pathways. We demonstrate how researchers can use HAM to model the HA in European football and how moderating variables, such as Covid-19 and absence of fans, can be incorporated in the model to disentangle the processes behind the HA phenomenon. Besides throwing new (modeling) light on one of the most robust phenomena in sport, we also provide information about practical implementation of mediation and moderated mediation models in the Bayesian framework. Similar implementations can be adapted for use in other sport science domains.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/c8tu3/" target="_blank">Revising Home Advantage in Sport – Home Advantage Mediation (HAM) Model</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>A Citizens’ Hearing: Examining Canada’s Covid Response</strong> -
<div>
An increasing number of Canadians are concerned about how the COVID-19 crisis was handled by our governments and institutions. We are alarmed by the serious consequences of their decisions and, at times, their apparent indifference to the costs. Those consequences include tragic impacts on the personal lives of many, violations of constitutionally guaranteed rights and freedoms in the name of health security, and economic impacts of lockdown measures, which subjected millions of Canadians to business closures, loss of income, and unemployment. Canadians are asking many questions: Were the measures taken by governments in Canada appropriate to the perceived threat? Were they based on sufficient clinical and statistical evidence? Were they suitably focused? How effective were they? Were there any conflicts of interest at play? Was there enough emphasis on prevention and early treatment? On informed consent? Was sufficient debate permitted? In attempting to prevent COVID-19, what other maladies were we ignoring or fostering? Did the public health interventions, such as mandatory vaccinations, cause more harm than good? These concerns have given rise to a growing demand for an Independent National Inquiry into the management of the COVID-19 crisis in Canada. To encourage and inform such an inquiry, from June 22nd – 24th 2022, the Canadian Covid Care Alliance, in partnership with the Canadian Adverse Event Reporting System (CAERS), Fearless Canada, United Healthcare Workers of Ontario and the Frontier Centre For Public Policy among others, sponsored a cross-country live streamed event moderated by a diverse panel of experts to: Hear testimony illustrating the harms that have resulted from government policies implemented to cope with the COVID-19 outbreak; Receive scientific, medical, and legal testimony as to alternative approaches that were ignored - or even condemned - which might have been pursued; Generate recommendations to ensure that Canadians never again experience the degree of loss, trauma and disruption caused by the official response to COVID-19. A Citizens’ Hearing consists of testimonies challenging the official responses of Canada’s federal and regional governments and recommendations for better handling the next public health crisis, should one of such a scale occur again. Canada’s response to COVID-19 has been far from perfect. We can and should learn from our mistakes. The landscape of this enormous challenge has been and is constantly changing. A Citizens’ Hearing aims to contribute to a national conversation of truth and understanding that might lead us to a new resilience and emergency preparedness. To face the next health crisis, we must change the narrative from one of fear and reaction to one of confidence in a properly managed, proactive and nuanced emergency management process that reacts to real world data, and keeps dialogue and consultation with a cross-section of stakeholders open and transparent.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/sk3d5/" target="_blank">A Citizens’ Hearing: Examining Canada’s Covid Response</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Safety and Effectiveness of SA58 Nasal Spray against COVID-19 Infection in Medical Personnel：An Open-label, Blank-controlled Study</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Approved COVID-19 vaccines to date have limited effectiveness in protecting infection and blocking transmission. A nasal spray of broad-spectrum antibody against COVID-19 (SA58 Nasal Spray) has recently been developed by Sinovac Life Sciences Co., Ltd.. From October 31 to November 30, 2022, an open-label, blank controlled study on the SA58 Nasal Spray against COVID-19 infection was conducted with the medical personnel working in the designated COVID-19 hospitals and Fangcang shelter hospitals (alternate care sites) of COVID-19 cases in Hohhot city, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. A total of 6662 medical personnel were involved in this study: 3368 used SA58 Nasal Spray from the drug group, and 3294 not used from blank control group. The medication was self-administered intranasally 1~2 times per day with an interval of 6 hours for 30 days.. The safety results indicated that the SA58 Nasal Spray was well tolerant. The incidence of adverse events (AEs) was 28.6% (497/1736), and the majority of the AEs were mild and from administrative site. 135 COVID-19 cases were identified for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR during the 30-day observation. The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in the drug group and the control group were 0.026% and 0.116%, respectively. The effectiveness of the SA58 Nasal Spray for preventing COVID-19 infection among medical personnel was evaluated as 77.7% (95% CI: 52.2% - 89.6%). In conclusion, the SA58 Nasal Spray is well-tolerant and highly effective against COVID-19 infection.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.27.22283698v1" target="_blank">Safety and Effectiveness of SA58 Nasal Spray against COVID-19 Infection in Medical Personnel：An Open-label, Blank-controlled Study</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 Protein Nsp2 Stimulates Translation Under Normal and Hypoxic Conditions</strong> -
<div>
When viruses like SARS-CoV-2 infect cells, they reprogram the repertoire of cellular and viral transcripts that are being translated to optimize their strategy of replication, often targeting host translation initiation factors, particularly eIF4F complex consisting of eIF4E, eIF4G and eIF4A. A proteomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2/human proteins interaction revealed viral Nsp2 and initiation factor eIF4E2, but a role of Nsp2 in regulating translation is unknown. HEK293T cells stably expressing Nsp2 were tested for protein synthesis rates of synthetic and endogenous mRNAs known to be translated via cap- or IRES-dependent mechanism under normal and hypoxic conditions. Both cap- and IRES-dependent translation were increased in Nsp2-expressing cells under normal and hypoxic conditions, especially mRNAs that require high levels of eIF4F. This could be exploited by the virus to maintain high translation rates of both viral and cellular proteins, particularly in hypoxic conditions as may arise in SARS-CoV-2 patients with poor lung functioning.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.13.507829v2" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 Protein Nsp2 Stimulates Translation Under Normal and Hypoxic Conditions</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Estimates of COVID-19 deaths in Mainland China after abandoning zero COVID policy</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: China witnessed a surge of Omicron infections after abandoning zero COVID strategies on December 7, 2022. The authorities report very sparse deaths based on very restricted criteria, but massive deaths are speculated. Methods: We aimed to estimate the COVID-19 fatalities in Mainland China until summer 2023 using the experiences of Hong Kong and of South Korea in 2022 as prototypes. Both these locations experienced massive Omicron waves after having had very few SARS-CoV-2 infections during 2020-2021. We estimated age-stratified infection fatality rates (IFRs) in Hong Kong and South Korea during 2022 and extrapolated to the population age structure of Mainland China. We also accounted separately for deaths of residents in long-term care facilities, which were prominent in Hong Kong. Results: IFR estimates in non-elderly strata were modestly higher in Hong Kong than South Korea and projected 987,455 and 811,571 maximal COVID-19 deaths, respectively, if the entire China population was infected. Expected COVID-19 deaths in Mainland China until summer 2023 ranged from 64,573 to 691,219 assuming 25-70% of the non-elderly population being infected and variable protection of elderly (from none to three-quarter reduction in fatalities). The main analysis (45% of non-elderly population infected and fatality impact among elderly reduced by half) estimated 199,223-249,094 COVID-19 deaths until summer 2023. Large uncertainties exist regarding potential changes in dominant variant, health system strain, and impact on non-COVID-19 deaths. Conclusions: The most critical factor that can affect total COVID-19 fatalities in China is the extent to which the elderly can be protected.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.29.22284048v2" target="_blank">Estimates of COVID-19 deaths in Mainland China after abandoning zero COVID policy</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>On temporal changes in the role of different age groups in propagating the Omicron epidemic waves in England</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: There is limited information on the role of individuals in different age groups in the spread of infection during the Omicron epidemics, especially ones beyond the winter epidemic wave in 2021-2022. In England, booster vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is currently restricted to persons aged over 50y and individuals in clinical risk groups. Methods: We used a previously developed methodology to evaluate the role of individuals in different age groups in propagating the Spring, Summer, and Autumn waves of the Omicron epidemic in England. This methodology utilizes the relative risk (RR) statistic that measures the change in the proportion of cases in each age group among all COVID-19 cases in the population before the peak of an epidemic wave vs. after the peak of an epidemic wave. Higher values for the RR statistic represent age groups that experienced a disproportionate depletion of susceptible individuals during the ascent of the epidemic (due to increased contact rates and/or susceptibility to infection). Results: For the 2022 Spring wave, the highest RR estimate belonged to children aged 5 to 9y (RR=2.05 (95%CI (2.02,2.08)), followed by children aged 10 to 14y (RR=1.68 (1.66,1.7)) and children aged 0 to 4y (RR=1.38 (1.36,1.41)). For the Summer wave, the highest RR estimates belonged to persons aged 20 to 34y: (RR=1.09 (1.07,1.12) in aged 20 to 24y, RR=1.09 (1.07,1.11) in aged 25 to 29y, RR=1.09(1.07,1.11) in aged 30 to 34y). For the Autumn wave, the highest RR estimate in adults belonged to those aged 70 to 74y (RR=1.10 (1.07,1.14)), followed by adults aged 35 to 39y (RR=1.09 (1.06,1.12)), adults aged 40 to 44y (RR=1.09 (1.06,1.12)), and adults aged 65 to 69y (RR=1.08 (1.05,1.11)) (with children excluded from the analyses due to limited/irregular detection of COVID-19 cases in children during the Autumn wave). Conclusions: As time progressed, ages of individuals who played the leading roles in propagating the Omicron epidemic waves in England shifted upward, with the leading roles in propagating COVID-19 epidemics in England currently belonging to adults of different ages. Extending booster vaccination to adults aged under 50y, and possibly to children should help limit the spread of Omicron infections in the community.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.30.22283949v1" target="_blank">On temporal changes in the role of different age groups in propagating the Omicron epidemic waves in England</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Effectiveness of Sotrovimab in Preventing COVID-19-related Hospitalizations or Deaths Among U.S. Veterans</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: Data on effectiveness of sotrovimab preventing COVID-19-related hospitalization or mortality, particularly after the emergence of the Omicron variant, are limited. Method: Determine the real-world clinical effectiveness of sotrovimab for prevention of 30-day COVID-19 related hospitalization or mortality using a retrospective cohort within the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system. Veterans aged ≥18 years, diagnosed with COVID-19 between December 1, 2021, and April 4, 2022, were included. Sotrovimab recipients (n=2,816) were exactly matched to untreated controls (n=11,250) on date of diagnosis, vaccination status, and region. The primary outcome was COVID-19-related hospitalization or all-cause mortality within 30 days from diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards modeling estimated the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) for the association between receipt of sotrovimab and outcomes. Results: During BA.1 dominance, compared to matched controls, sotrovimab-treated patients had a 70% lower risk hospitalization within 30 days or mortality (HR 0.30; 95%CI, 0.23-0.40), a 66% lower risk of 30-day hospitalization (HR 0.34; 95%CI, 0.25-0.46), and a 77% lower risk of 30-day all-cause mortality (HR 0.23; 95%CI, 0.14-0.38). During BA.2 dominance sotrovimab-treated patients had a 71% (HR .29; 95%CI, 0.08-0.98) lower risk of 30-day COVID-19-related- hospitalization, emergency, or urgent care. Limitations include confounding by indication. Conclusions: Using national real-world data from high risk and predominantly vaccinated Veterans, administration of sotrovimab, compared with no treatment, was associated with reduced risk of 30-day COVID-19-related hospitalization or all-cause mortality during the Omicron BA.1 period and reduced risk of progression to severe COVID-19 during the BA.2 dominant period.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.30.22284063v1" target="_blank">Effectiveness of Sotrovimab in Preventing COVID-19-related Hospitalizations or Deaths Among U.S. Veterans</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in Ohio’s wildlife, companion, and agricultural animals</strong> -
<div>
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in humans in late 2019 and spread rapidly to become a global pandemic. A zoonotic spillover event from animal to human was identified as the presumed origin. Subsequently, reports began emerging regarding spillback events resulting in SARS-CoV-2 infections in multiple animal species. These events highlighted critical links between animal and human health while also raising concerns about the development of new reservoir hosts and potential viral mutations that could alter virulence and transmission or evade immune responses. Characterizing susceptibility, prevalence, and transmission between animal species became a priority to help protect animal and human health. In this study, we coalesced a large team of investigators and community partners to surveil for SARS-CoV-2 in domestic and free-ranging animals around Ohio between May 2020 and August 2021. We focused on species with known or predicted susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, highly congregated or medically compromised animals (e.g. shelters, barns, veterinary hospitals), and animals that had frequent contact with humans (e.g. pets, agricultural animals, zoo animals, or animals in wildlife hospitals). This included free-ranging deer (n=76), mink (n=57), multiple species of bats (n=65), and other wildlife in addition to domestic cats (n=275) and pigs (n= 184). In total, we tested 800 animals (34 species) via rRT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA was not detected in any of the tested animals despite a major peak in human SARS-CoV-2 cases that occurred in Ohio subsequent to the peak of animal samplings. Importantly, due to lack of validated tests for animals, we did not test for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in this study, which limited our ability to assess exposure. While the results of this study were negative, the surveillance effort was critical and remains key to understanding, predicting, and preventing re-emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in humans or animals.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.30.522311v1" target="_blank">Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in Ohio’s wildlife, companion, and agricultural animals</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Study of an age-based Covid-19 outbreak model and the effect of demo-graphic structure of a state on infectious disease dynamics</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
In this paper, our objective was to investigate whether the Covid-19 pandemic disease is more likely to break out in some specific age group or not. We also intended to know whether some specific demographic parameters like birth rate, death rate controls the spreading of the disease. Our investigation showed that the post reproductive population group is more prone to the disease for the countries having population pyramid of stationary or con-tracting type where as for the countries with expanding population pyramid, the pre reproductive population is more likely to be attacked by the disease. We also found the domains of values of the demographic parameters that result different dynamic phenomena. Further we tried to know whether a countrys9 population pyramid has an effect in spreading the disease. Our experiment showed that for countries having expanding population pyramid, the total number of cases is expected to be comparatively low whereas for countries having contracting population pyramid, the total number of cases is expected to be comparatively high.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.28.22284021v1" target="_blank">Study of an age-based Covid-19 outbreak model and the effect of demo-graphic structure of a state on infectious disease dynamics</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Bridging the gap_Estimation of 2022/2023 SARS-CoV-2 healthcare burden in Germany based on multidimensional data from a rapid epidemic panel</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, Germany lacked an adaptive population panel for epidemic diseases and a modelling platform to rapidly incorporate panel estimates. We evaluated how a cross-sectional analysis of 9922 participants of the MuSPAD study in June/July 2022 combined with a newly developed modelling platform could bridge the gap and analyzed antibody levels, neutralizing serum activity and interferon-gamma release response of serum samples. We categorized the population into four groups with differing protection against severe course of disease (validated by neutralizing serum activity), and found that 30% were in the group with highest protection, and 85% in either the highest categories or second highest group regarding protection level. Estimated hospitalizations due to SARS-CoV-2 were predicted to be between 30 to 300% of the peak in 02/2021 dependent on assumed variant characteristics. We showed the feasibility of a rapid epidemic panel able to evaluate complex endpoints for SARS-CoV-2 and inform scenario modelling.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.30.22284061v1" target="_blank">Bridging the gap_Estimation of 2022/2023 SARS-CoV-2 healthcare burden in Germany based on multidimensional data from a rapid epidemic panel</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Automated assessment of chest CT severity scores in patients suspected of COVID-19 infection</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has claimed numerous lives in the last three years. With new variants emerging every now and then, the world is still battling with the management of COVID-19. Purpose: To utilize a deep learning model for the automatic detection of severity scores from chest CT scans of COVID-19 patients and compare its diagnostic performance with experienced human readers. Methods: A deep learning model capable of identifying consolidations and ground-glass opacities from the chest CT images of COVID-19 patients was used to provide CT severity scores on a 25-point scale for definitive pathogen diagnosis. The model was tested on a dataset of 469 confirmed COVID-19 cases from a tertiary care hospital. The quantitative diagnostic performance of the model was compared with three experienced human readers. Results: The test dataset consisted of 469 CT scans from 292 male (average age: 52.30) and 177 female (average age: 53.47) patients. The standalone model had an MAE of 3.192, which was lower than the average radiologists9 MAE of 3.471. The model achieved a precision of 0.69 [0.65, 0.74] and an F1 score of 0.67 [0.62, 0.71], which was significantly superior to the average reader precision of 0.68 [0.65, 0.71] and F1 score of 0.65 [0.63, 0.67]. The model demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.69 [95% CI: 0.65, 0.73] and specificity of 0.83 [95% CI: 0.81, 0.85], which was comparable to the performance of the three human readers, who had an average sensitivity of 0.71 [95% CI: 0.69, 0.73] and specificity of 0.84 [95% CI: 0.83, 0.85]. Conclusion: The AI model provided explainable results and performed at par with human readers in calculating CT severity scores from the chest CT scans of patients affected with COVID-19. The model had a lower MAE than that of the radiologists, indicating that the CTSS calculated by the AI was very close in absolute value to the CTSS determined by the reference standard.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.28.22284027v1" target="_blank">Automated assessment of chest CT severity scores in patients suspected of COVID-19 infection</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Estimated of expected COVID-19 deaths in Mainland China after abandoning zero COVID policy</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: China witnessed a surge of Omicron infections after abandoning zero COVID strategies on December 7, 2022. The authorities report very sparse deaths based on very restricted criteria, but massive deaths are speculated. Methods: We aimed to estimate the COVID-19 fatalities in Mainland China until summer 2023 using the experiences of Hong Kong and of South Korea in 2022 as prototypes. Both these locations experienced massive Omicron waves after having had very few SARS-CoV-2 infections during 2020-2021. We estimated age-stratified infection fatality rates (IFRs) in Hong Kong and South Korea during 2022 and extrapolated to the population age structure of Mainland China. We also accounted separately for deaths of residents in long-term care facilities, which were prominent in Hong Kong. Results: IFR estimates in non-elderly strata were modestly higher in Hong Kong than South Korea and projected 987,455 and 811,571 maximal COVID-19 deaths, respectively, if the entire China population was infected. Expected COVID-19 deaths in Mainland China until summer 2023 ranged from 64,573 to 691,219 assuming 25-70% of the non-elderly population being infected and variable protection of elderly (from none to three-quarter reduction in fatalities). The main analysis (45% of non-elderly population infected and fatality impact among elderly reduced by half) estimated 199,223-249,094 COVID-19 deaths until summer 2023. Large uncertainties exist regarding potential changes in dominant variant, health system strain, and impact on non-COVID-19 deaths. Conclusions: The most critical factor that can affect total COVID-19 fatalities in China is the extent to which the elderly can be protected.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.29.22284048v1" target="_blank">Estimated of expected COVID-19 deaths in Mainland China after abandoning zero COVID policy</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Outcomes After Percutaneous Tracheostomy in Patients with COVID-19: A Single-Center Series of 377 Cases</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Introduction: The COVID 19 pandemic was highlighted by a rise in hospital admissions secondary to respiratory decompensation. This was accompanied by an increase in ICU admissions, endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. As a consequence, tracheostomies became essential in preventing complications of prolonged intubation and to facilitate weaning from sedation and mechanical ventilation. With the lack of international consensus on tracheostomy technique and optimal timing, we present our experience with 377 percutaneous tracheostomies performed on critically ill COVID 19 patients. Objective: To report the outcomes of critically ill patients with COVID 19 who underwent percutaneous tracheostomy during a period of 24 months. Methods: A retrospective single-center electronic chart review was performed on all ICU patients who underwent percutaneous tracheostomy after respiratory failure secondary to COVID 19 between March 2020 to March 2022. Results: A total of 377 percutaneous tracheostomies were performed. The mean duration between intubation and percutaneous tracheostomy was 17.4 days (3 to 61). The study included 222 males (59%) and 155 females (41%). The mean age of patients was 56.2 years (17-94), with a mean BMI was 31.3 (14 to 68). The commonest comorbidities among patients were diabetes mellitus (50%) and hypertension (48%). Complications were encountered in 85 cases (23%), with the commonest overall complication being minor bleeding. 203 patients (54%) were weaned from sedation. The mean duration between tracheostomy and weaning from sedation was 7.5 days (1 to 47 days). 156 patients (41%) were weaned from MV. The mean duration between tracheostomy and weaning from MV was 12.9 days (1 to 58 days). There was a total of 236 (63%) deaths reported during the period of this study. No deaths were attributable to the surgical procedure. Conclusion: Percutaneous tracheostomy can be safely performed in patients with COVID 19. With lack of conclusive objective data regarding the optimal timing for tracheostomy, we recommend that tracheostomy be performed as soon as possible after the 7th day endotracheal intubation. Key Words: Percutaneous tracheostomy, COVID 19, Critically ill, ICU
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.28.22283971v1" target="_blank">Outcomes After Percutaneous Tracheostomy in Patients with COVID-19: A Single-Center Series of 377 Cases</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and longitudinal antibody response following natural infection in pregnancy</strong> -
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Importance:  Antenatal care provides unique opportunities to assess SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and antibody response duration after natural infection detected during pregnancy; transplacental antibody transfer may inform peripartum and neonatal protection. Objective:  Estimate seroprevalence and durability of antibodies from natural infection (anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) IgG) among pregnant people, and evaluate transplacental transfer efficiency. Design: Seroprevalence study: cross-sectional SARS-CoV-2 antibody screening among pregnant people December 9, 2020-June 19, 2021. Cohort study: Pregnant people screened anti-N IgG+ by Abbott Architect chemiluminescent immunoassay in seroprevalence study or identified through medical records with RT-PCR+ or antigen positive results enrolled in a prospective cohort December 9, 2020-June 30, 2022 to longitudinally measure anti-N IgG responses. We collected cord blood and assessed transplacental transfer of maternally-derived anti-N antibodies. Setting:  Three hospitals and 14 affiliated clinics providing antenatal and delivery care, Seattle, Washington metropolitan area. Participants:  Seroprevalence study: pregnant people were screened for SAR-CoV-2 anti-N IgG during routine care. Cohort study: Pregnant people with evidence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (screened anti-N IgG+ from seroprevalence study or identified with a RT-PCR+ or antigen positive result from medical records) were enrolled in a cohort study to longitudinally measure anti-N IgG responses. Exposure(s) (for observational studies):  COVID-19 diagnosis, symptoms, and disease severity. Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s):  Presence and durability of SARS-CoV-2 anti-N IgG, transplacental transfer of maternally-derived anti-N IgG. Results: Of 1289 pregnant people screened in the seroprevalence study, 5% (65) tested SARS-CoV-2 anti-N IgG+, including 39 (60%) without prior RT-PCR+ or antigen positive results and 53 (82%) without symptoms. Among 89 participants enrolled in the cohort study, 73 (82%) had anti-N IgG+ results during pregnancy. Among 49 participants with delivery samples 33 (67%) were anti-N IgG negative by delivery. Of 24 remaining anti-N IgG+ at delivery with paired cord blood samples, 12 (50%) had efficient transplacental anti-N IgG antibody transfer. Median time from first anti-N IgG to below positive antibody threshold was 17 weeks and did not differ by prior RT-PCR+ or antigen positive status. Conclusions and Relevance: Maternally-derived SARS-CoV-2 antibodies to natural infection may wane before delivery. Vaccines are recommended for pregnant persons to reduce severe illness and confer protection to infants.
</p>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.28.22284017v1" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and longitudinal antibody response following natural infection in pregnancy</a>
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<li><strong>The kinetics of humoral and cellular responses after the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine in inflammatory arthritis patients</strong> -
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Introduction: Impaired immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccinations in inflammatory arthritis (IA) patients results in diminished immunity. However, optimal booster vaccination regimens are still unknown, due to not unstudied kinetics of the immune response after booster vaccinations. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the kinetics of humoral and cellular responses in IA patients after the COVID-19 booster. Patients and Methods: In 29 IA patients and 16 healthy controls (HC) humoral responses (level of IgG antibodies) and cellular responses (IFN-γ production) were assessed before (T0), after 4 weeks (T1), and after more than 6 months (T2) from the booster vaccination with BNT162b2. Results: IA patients, but not HC, showed lower anti-S-IgG concentration and IGRA fold change at T2 compared to T1 (p=0.026 and p=0.031). Furthermore, in IA patients the level of cellular response at T2 returned to the pre-booster level (T0). All immunomodulatory drugs, except IL-6 and IL-17 inhibitors for the humoral and IL-17 inhibitors for the cellular response, impaired the immunogenicity of the booster dose at T2. However, none of the immunomodulatory drugs affected the kinetics of both humoral and cellular responses (measured as the difference between response rates at T1 and T2). Conclusion: Our study showed impaired kinetics of both humoral and cellular responses after the booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine in IA patients, which, in the case of cellular response, did not allow the vaccination effect to be maintained for more than 6 months. Repetitive vaccination with subsequent booster doses seems to be necessary for IA patients.
</p>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.28.22284008v1" target="_blank">The kinetics of humoral and cellular responses after the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine in inflammatory arthritis patients</a>
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</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>101-PGC-005 for the Treatment of COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: 101-PGC-005;   Drug: Dexamethasone<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   101 Therapeutics<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Clinical Study to Assess Preliminary Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of HH-120 Nasal Spray in COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: HH-120 Nasal Spray<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Beijing Ditan Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Booster Study in Healthy Adults in Australia</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Bivalent Moderna;   Biological: Novavax<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Murdoch Childrens Research Institute;   Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations;   The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effect of N-Acetylcysteine on Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio And Length of Stay In COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: N-acetyl cysteine<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Universitas Sebelas Maret<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy and Safety of Anti-COVID-19 Antibody SA58 Nasal Spray to Prevent Infection in High-risk Populations</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: SA58 Nasal Spray<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sinovac Life Sciences Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy and Safety of SA58 Nasal Spray in Close Contact With COVID-19 People</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: SA58 Nasal Spray;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Sinovac Life Sciences Co., Ltd.;   Beijing Ditan Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immunogenicity and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccine in Population Aged 18 Years and Above</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: One dose group;   Biological: Two doses group;   Biological: Aged 18-59 years;   Biological: Aged 60 years old and above<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Guangzhou Patronus Biotech Co., Ltd.;   Yantai Patronus Biotech Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy and Safety of Ambervin® and Standard Therapy in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Tyrosyl-D-alanyl-glycyl-phenylalanyl-leucyl-arginine succinate intramuscularly;   Drug: Tyrosyl-D-alanyl-glycyl-phenylalanyl-leucyl-arginine succinate inhaled;   Drug: Standard of care<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Promomed, LLC<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immunogenicity of Heterologous Versus Homologous Prime Boost Schedule With mRNA and Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccines</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: CoronaVac/CoronaVac;   Biological: CoronaVac/BNT162b2<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Institut Pasteur de Tunis<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immunogenicity and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccine as a Booster Vaccination in Population Aged 18 Years and Above</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (CHO Cell) LYB001;   Biological: ZF2001<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Guangzhou Patronus Biotech Co., Ltd.;   Yantai Patronus Biotech Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study of GST-HG171/Ritonavir Compared With Placebo in Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pneumonia<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: GST-HG171/Ritonavir;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Fujian Akeylink Biotechnology Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The COPE Study: Pilot Intervention to Improve Symptom Self-management and Coping in Adults With Post COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Post COVID-19 Condition;   Post-COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: 6-Week Self-Management Group<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University of Washington<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ICBT for Psychological Symptoms Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic Remaining After Societal Opening</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Linkoeping University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ARVAC - A New Recombinant Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccine</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Vaccine<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: ARVAC-CG vaccine (recombinant protein vaccine against SARS-CoV-2)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Laboratorio Pablo Cassara S.R.L.;   Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM);   National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, Argentina<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The KIN-FAST Trial (KIN001 For Accelerated Symptoms Termination) in Non Hospitalized Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: KIN001;   Drug: KIN001-Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Kinarus AG<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ginkgolides and bilobalide for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and COVID-19: potential mechanisms of action</strong> - Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible degenerative illness of the central nervous system with characteristic histological alterations, known as amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). Aggregation of plaques and tangles in the brain induces neurotoxicity and synaptic dysfunction, eventually contributing to neuronal cell death and neurodegeneration. Recent studies have revealed that COVID-19 has a great impact on the development of AD, directly or indirectly, by facilitating the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Identification of potent COVID-19 main protease inhibitors by loading of favipiravir on Mg<sub>12</sub>O<sub>12</sub> and Zn<sub>12</sub>O<sub>12</sub> nanoclusters: an <em>in silico</em> strategy for COVID-19 treatment</strong> - Pandemic new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) virus has increased throughout the world. There is no effective treatment against this virus until now. Since its appearance in Wuhan, China in December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 becomes the largest challenge the world is opposite today, including the discovery of an antiviral drug for this virus. Several viral proteins have been prioritized as SARS-CoV-2 antiviral drug targets, among them the papain-like protease (PLpro) and the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Exploring the binding capacity of lactic acid bacteria derived bacteriocins against RBD of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant by molecular simulations</strong> - The changes in the SARS-CoV-2 genome have resulted in the emergence of new variants. Some of the variants have been classified as variants of concern (VOC). These strains have higher transmission rate and improved fitness. One of the prevalent were the Omicron variant. Unlike previous VOCs, the Omicron possesses fifteen mutations on the spike protein’s receptor binding domain (RBD). The modifications of spike protein’s key amino acid residues facilitate the virus’ binding capability against…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A bibliometric analysis of autophagy in lung diseases from 2012 to 2021</strong> - CONCLUSION: The study of autophagy in lung diseases is still in the development stage. The information published in these articles has helped researchers understand further the hot spots and development trends in the field more and learn about the collaboration network information regarding authors, countries, and institutions, as well as the paper citation correlation. More studies have been performed to gain deeper insights into the pathogenesis of autophagy by focusing on the links and…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Impact of neutrophil extracellular traps on fluid properties, blood flow and complement activation</strong> - INTRODUCTION: The intravascular formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is a trigger for coagulation and blood vessel occlusion. NETs are released from neutrophils as a response to strong inflammatory signals in the course of different diseases such as COVID-19, cancer or antiphospholipid syndrome. NETs are composed of large, chromosomal DNA fibers decorated with a variety of proteins such as histones. Previous research suggested a close mechanistic crosstalk between NETs and the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Investigating Derivatives of Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate Sodium and Chloroxine for Their Inhibition Activities against the SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like Protease</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic of COVID-19, posing a huge threat to public health. The SARS-CoV-2 papain-like cysteine protease (PLpro) plays a significant role in virus replication and host immune regulation, which is a promising antiviral drug target. Several potential inhibitors have been identified in vitro. However, the detailed mechanism of action and structure-activity relationship require further studies. Here, we investigated the structure-activity relationships of the series…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>One-step synthesis of triethanolamine-capped Pt nanoparticle for colorimetric and electrochemiluminescent immunoassay of SARS-CoV spike proteins</strong> - Platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) have been attracted worldwide attention due to their versatile application potentials, especially in the catalyst and sensing fields. Herein, a facile synthetic method of triethanolamine (TEOA)-capped PtNPs (TEOA@PtNP) for electrochemiluminescent (ECL) and colorimetric immunoassay of SARS-CoV spike proteins (SARS-CoV S-protein, a target detection model) is developed. Monodisperse PtNPs with an average diameter of 2.2 nm are prepared by a one-step hydrothermal…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Virus-like particle - mediated delivery of the RIG-I agonist M8 induces a type I interferon response and protects cells against viral infection</strong> - Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) are nanostructures that share conformation and self-assembly properties with viruses, but lack a viral genome and therefore the infectious capacity. In this study, we produced VLPs by co-expression of VSV glycoprotein (VSV-G) and HIV structural proteins (Gag, Pol) that incorporated a strong sequence-optimized 5’ppp-RNA RIG-I agonist, termed M8. Treatment of target cells with VLPs-M8 generated an antiviral state that conferred resistance against multiple viruses….</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Identification and mechanistic basis of non-ACE2 blocking neutralizing antibodies from COVID-19 patients with deep RNA sequencing and molecular dynamics simulations</strong> - Variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) continue to cause disease and impair the effectiveness of treatments. The therapeutic potential of convergent neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) from fully recovered patients has been explored in several early stages of novel drugs. Here, we identified initially elicited NAbs (Ig Heavy, Ig lambda, Ig kappa) in response to COVID-19 infection in patients admitted to the intensive care unit at a single center with deep RNA…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Molecular Docking and Dynamic Simulation Revealed the Potential Inhibitory Activity of Opioid Compounds Targeting the Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2</strong> - Opioids are a class of chemicals, naturally occurring in the opium poppy plant, and act on the brain to cause a range of impacts, notably analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions. Moreover, an overview was taken in consideration for SARS-CoV-2 incidence and complications, as well as the medicinal uses of opioids were discussed being a safe analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug in a specific dose. Also, our article focused on utilization of opioids in the medication of SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Inhibitory effects of fucoidan from Laminaria japonica against some pathogenic bacteria and SARS-CoV-2 depend on its large molecular weight</strong> - Fucoidan is a highly sulfated polysaccharide with a wide range of bioactivities, including anti-pathogenic activity. However, the relationship between structure and activity of fucoidan in inhibiting pathogen infections remains unclear. Here, different-molecular-weight fucoidans were prepared by photocatalytic degradation followed by membrane ultrafiltration, and their chemical structures and anti-pathogenic microbiota activity were compared. Results showed that photocatalytic degradation could…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Major royal jelly proteins elicited suppression of SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication with halting lung injury</strong> - For reasons of high transmissibility and virulence, Alpha (UK, B.1.1.7) and Beta (South African, B.1.351) SARS-CoV-2 variants are classified with other types as variants of concern. Here we report on the influence of royal jelly (RJ) protein fraction (PF)(50) (major RJ protein 2 and its isoform X1) on the entry of these variants into the ACE2-human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells using the lentiviral system. The efficiency of PF(50) on SARS-CoV-2 replication (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase “RdRp”…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Identification and quantitative analysis of bioactive components from <em>Potentilla kleiniana</em> Wight et Arn with anti HIV-1 proteases activity</strong> - Potentilla kleiniana Wight et Arn（PK, ‘Wu Pi Feng’ in Chinese） was recorded as Miao ethnic medicine for treatment of fever, cough, ulcer, and erysipelas for thousands years. This study aimed to evaluate the antiviral activity of four PK extracts and seven compounds by using HIV-1 protease (HIV-1 PR). In addition, Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS) was employed to identify the bioactive components. The toxicity assessment of the extracts…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Targeting SARS-CoV-2 by synthetic dual-acting thiol compounds that inhibit Spike/ACE2 interaction and viral protein production</strong> - The SARS-CoV-2 life cycle is strictly dependent on the environmental redox state that influences both virus entry and replication. A reducing environment impairs the binding of the spike protein (S) to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2), while a highly oxidizing environment is thought to favor S interaction with ACE2. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 interferes with redox homeostasis in infected cells to promote the oxidative folding of its own proteins. Here we demonstrate that synthetic…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cell cycle block by p53 activation reduces SARS-CoV-2 release in infected alveolar basal epithelial A549-hACE2 cells</strong> - SARS-CoV viruses have been shown to downregulate cellular events that control antiviral defenses. They adopt several strategies to silence p53, key molecule for cell homeostasis and immune control, indicating that p53 has a central role in controlling their proliferation in the host. Specific actions are the stabilization of its inhibitor, MDM2, and the interference with its transcriptional activity. The aim of our work was to evaluate a new approach against SARS-CoV-2 by using MDM2 inhibitors…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Case for Wearing Masks Forever</strong> - A ragtag coalition of public-health activists believe that America’s pandemic restrictions are too lax—and they say they have the science to prove it. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-activism/the-case-for-wearing-masks-forever">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>From Climate Exhortation to Climate Execution</strong> - The Inflation Reduction Act finally offers a chance for widespread change. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/from-climate-exhortation-to-climate-execution">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Kirk Douglas, the Guitarist for the Roots, Revamps the Holiday Classics</strong> - A bona-fide guitar hero puts a fresh spin on some holiday classics. And the former United States Poet Laureate Tracy K. Smith on reading poetry across the political divide. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/podcast/the-new-yorker-radio-hour/kirk-douglas-the-guitarist-for-the-roots-revamps-the-holiday-classics">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Water Wranglers of the West Are Struggling to Save the Colorado River</strong> - Farmers, bureaucrats, and water negotiators converged on Caesars Palace, in Las Vegas, to fight over the future of the drought-stricken Southwest. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-the-southwest/the-water-wranglers-of-the-west-are-struggling-to-save-the-colorado-river">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Devastating New History of the January 6th Insurrection</strong> - The House report describes both a catastrophe and a way forward. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/american-chronicles/the-devastating-new-history-of-the-january-sixth-insurrection">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
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<li><strong>23 things we think will happen in 2023</strong> -
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<img alt="Image of the year 2023" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/j-n7yLFg__amf-cKyvLG_RywGLw=/317x0:5384x3800/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71815124/GettyImages_1435964120.0.jpg"/>
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Getty Images
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Will Biden and Trump remain the frontrunners? Will Putin remain in charge of Russia? Will China start a war? These and other forecasts of the year to come.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bLyrdf">
This will be the fourth year in a row that the staff of Future Perfect has given itself the task of trying to predict, well, the future. It’s in the name of the section, but forecasting is something that can benefit you as a thinker whether or not you can accurately see what’s to come. As my colleague Dylan Matthews <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/22824620/predicting-midterms-covid-roe-wade-oscars-2022">wrote</a> last year, “the most critical skills for forecasting<strong> </strong>are thinking numerically, being open to changing your mind, updating your beliefs incrementally and frequently instead of in rare big moments, and — most encouragingly — practicing.” Practice makes Future Perfect, in other words.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9hEIpz">
So here are our best guesses — with probabilities attached — to what we think will happen as some of the most important stories of 2023 unfold. Will we dip into a recession? Will inflation continue unchecked? Will China launch an invasion of Taiwan, and will Vladimir Putin still be president of Russia at year’s end? Will the Philadelphia Eagles win the Super Bowl? (This one might be of interest only to me.)
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It’s important to remember that each prediction is made probabilistically, meaning we assign each event a probability of between 10 and 95 percent. A very high percentage — say, 80 percent — doesn’t mean that an event will definitely happen (something we all <a href="https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-media-has-a-probability-problem/">should have learned</a> after the 2016 election). It simply means that if we make five predictions at 80 percent, we expect four of them to come true. And we’ll be keeping track, reporting back next year on how we did. (You can read our review of our <a href="https://www.vox.com/e/23273634">2022 predictions</a> here.) —<em>Bryan Walsh</em>
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<h3 id="J9YQJ7">
The United States
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<h4 id="T6w2gX">
Joe Biden will be the frontrunner for the Democratic nomination heading into 2024 (70 percent)
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gEmx89">
Presidential reelection years are approximately half as interesting to political reporters as open-seat races because only one party has competitive primaries. Naturally, this means that every such year features rampant speculation about improbable primary challenges or running mate swaps by the incumbent: Maybe <a href="https://www.npr.org/2019/02/09/692808713/watch-what-we-re-doing-could-maryland-gov-larry-hogan-challenge-trump-in-2020">Maryland Gov. Larry Hogan would challenge Trump</a> in 2020! Or George W. Bush would <a href="https://www.today.com/popculture/will-giuliani-replace-cheney-04-wbna4065772">swap Dick Cheney for Rudy Giuliani</a> in 2004! (Neither happened.)
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“<a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2022-10-17/will-biden-run-again-in-2024-democrats-need-answer-by-spring">Will</a> <a href="https://time.com/6218733/should-joe-biden-run-again/">Biden</a> <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2022/11/20/bidens-age-raises-questions-around-2024-run-he-celebrates-80-years/10702780002/?gnt-cfr=1">run</a> <a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/3770095-majority-of-democratic-voters-say-biden-shouldnt-run-for-reelection-survey/">again</a>?” is perhaps the most understandable of these speculation cycles, given the incumbent’s age — he’d be 82 on Election Day 2025 — but I think it’s very unlikely he declines to run. The last two incumbents to decline an attempt at reelection (<a href="https://billofrightsinstitute.org/essays/lyndon-b-johnsons-decision-not-to-run-in-1968">Lyndon Johnson</a> and <a href="https://www.politico.com/story/2019/03/29/truman-declines-to-seek-another-term-march-29-1952-1238358">Harry Truman</a>) were former vice presidents who ascended following the death of their predecessor, had already served more than a full term, were prosecuting increasingly unpopular wars, and, most importantly, faced tough primary challenges.
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Biden, by contrast, is not facing any equivalently large backlash within the Democratic Party. Moreover, there seems to be a <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20203009">substantial incumbency advantage to the presidency</a>, making Biden by far Democrats’ most electable option. That’s why I think he’ll be the frontrunner heading into the election year, as measured by <a href="https://polymarket.com/event/who-will-win-the-US-2024-Democratic-presidential-nomination">Polymarket</a> (or, if Polymarket shuts down, another high-volume prediction market). —<em>Dylan Matthews </em>
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<h4 id="0xBCeL">
Donald Trump will be the frontrunner for the Republican nomination heading into 2024 (60 percent)
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="k7N5X9">
We might as well start with the polls: Despite a recent <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/boston/news/desantis-trump-2024-poll-suffolk/">dramatic outlier</a>, the <a href="https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/polls/president-primary-r/">most recent ones listed by FiveThirtyEight</a> tend to show Trump ahead of Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis, who has emerged as his most likely challenger.
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But of course, polls can only tell us so much this far out, especially in primaries, which tend to shift more rapidly and dramatically than general elections. Maybe Trump gets indicted by this or that prosecutor, which damages — or maybe helps! — his standing with GOP primary voters. While Trump dominated the 2016 primary cycle, there was a brief moment when <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2015/10/27/politics/ben-carson-donald-trump-cbs-poll">Ben Carson</a> was beating him. Anything’s possible.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="i67pGk">
My belief that Trump’s the frontrunner (and will remain so <a href="https://polymarket.com/event/who-will-win-the-US-2024-Republican-presidential-nomination">per Polymarket</a> come December 2023) comes from having seen Trump perform in a competitive national primary before, and from knowing that DeSantis has not waged a campaign at this scale, and not against Trump.
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<img alt="A Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis sticker and one reading, ‘Trump 2024 No More Bullshit’, are plastered on a vehicle near the Mar-a-Lago home of former U.S. President Donald Trump before he speaks this evening on November 15, 2022 in Palm Beach, Florida" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/qvajwtCJQ4VOxQyd9IH6Mrt7tMc=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24323527/GettyImages_1441714759.jpg"/> <cite>Joe Raedle/Getty Images</cite>
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A Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis sticker and one reading “Trump 2024 No More Bullshit” are plastered on a vehicle near the Mar-a-Lago home of former US President Donald Trump before he speaks on November 15, 2022 in Palm Beach, Florida.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="x7sFbM">
Those of us who watched all of the 2015 debates will recall that Trump wiped the floor with his myriad opponents. In retrospect, this makes total sense: He’s a TV star who has spent decades practicing that kind of performance. At the time, the conventional wisdom was that Trump’s performance in debates and ability to control the news cycle wouldn’t be enough to overcome his inexperience and alienating persona. But they were enough. I suspect they’ll be enough again, though the messiness of primaries means my confidence is relatively low. —<em>DM</em>
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<h4 id="4oTfeX">
The Supreme Court will rule that affirmative action is unconstitutional (70 percent)
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3rlWzm">
My colleague <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/10/31/23433183/supreme-court-affirmative-action-harvard-unc-race">Ian Millhiser listened to the oral arguments</a> in the <em>Students for Fair Admissions</em> cases challenging affirmative action at both the University of North Carolina and Harvard, and left persuaded that explicit racial preferences for admission are a goner: “Even if one of the conservative justices who expressed some reservations today surprises us,” he wrote, “that would still likely leave five votes teed up against affirmative action.”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="X1G10a">
That makes sense. As Millhiser notes, there are six Republican appointees on the Court today, all by presidents opposed to affirmative action and all reared in a conservative legal movement where opposition to the policy is taken for granted. Even the most comparatively moderate of them, Chief Justice John Roberts, is <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/05-908.ZO.html">famously hostile</a> to considering race in attempts to address past discrimination.
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The reason I’m not more confident is due to a nuance Millhiser noted, which is that Roberts appeared open to racial preferences at military academies, noting the federal government’s argument that the military needs a diverse officer corps to succeed. If such a carve-out is included in the ultimate ruling, my prediction here will be wrong: I’m predicting they’ll strike down affirmative action across the board at public or publicly funded institutions. —<em>DM</em>
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<h4 id="qpvRTH">
The US will not meet its target for refugee admissions this fiscal year (80 percent)
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OmyOV3">
President Biden has set the refugee admissions target at 125,000 for fiscal year 2023 — the same level as in 2022. I think the US will fail to hit that target for the <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2022/6/14/23162982/refugees-united-states-displaced-people-afghanistan-ukraine-biden-trump">same reasons it failed last year</a> (when it admitted fewer than <a href="https://apnews.com/article/biden-government-and-politics-b19f7754da4cc6d55dfb84b4da7152ea">20,000 refugees</a>). Chief among them: The Trump administration gutted America’s resettlement infrastructure, and it still hasn’t fully recovered. Under Biden, there have been efforts to restaff the government agencies that do resettlement and reopen the offices that had been shuttered, but advocates say the rebuild has been too slow. There just doesn’t seem to be enough political will to make it a priority.
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You might be wondering: What about all the Afghans, Ukrainians, and Venezuelans that the US has welcomed? Well, the thing is, those who came to the US via the legal process known as humanitarian parole only get stays of two years. They don’t count toward the number of refugees resettled as refugees are given a path to permanent residency. I hope the US will grant full refugee status to the full 125,000 it’s targeting for 2023, but sadly, I doubt that will happen. —<em>Sigal Samuel</em>
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<h4 id="fjmlBP">
<strong>The US will slip into recession during 2023 (70 percent)</strong>
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TDtETo">
“The state of the economy is weird,” as New York’s Eric Levitz <a href="https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/12/is-the-u-s-going-to-have-a-recession-and-how-bad.html">put it in a recent piece</a>. The US <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2022/12/02/jobs-report-november-2022.html">keeps gaining jobs</a>, and <a href="https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/unemployment-rate">unemployment remains near historic lows</a>. Inflation is <a href="https://fortune.com/2022/11/10/inflation-peak-october-cpi-justin-wolfers/">declining</a>, as are <a href="https://www.nerdwallet.com/article/finance/are-gas-prices-going-down#:~:text=When%20you%20look%20further%20back,year%20cost%20decrease%20of%202%25.">gas prices</a>. Yet there is striking uniformity among <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/economists-now-expect-a-recession-job-losses-by-next-year-11665859869">economists</a> and <a href="https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20221130006227/en/Most-U.S.-Business-Executives-Say-Economy-is-Already-in-Recession-or-Will-Be-Before-2023-AICPA-CIMA-Survey-Finds">business executives</a> that a recession is incoming.
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What gives? Not the Federal Reserve, which has shown no sign that it is ready to significantly moderate interest rate increases, as it seeks to curb spending and investment and tame inflation. Pulling that off without thrusting the US into a recession would require orchestrating the kind of soft landing for the economy that the Fed hasn’t pulled off since 1994, as my Vox colleague Madeleine Ngo <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/12/15/23508155/federal-reserve-inflation-recession-soft-landing">wrote recently</a>. Every part of the economy that is vulnerable to high interest rates — <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2022/11/18/home-sales-fell-for-ninth-straight-month-in-october.html">home purchases</a>, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/us-manufacturing-output-dragged-down-by-motor-vehicle-weakness-2022-12-15/">manufacturing output</a>, <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/us-economy-retail-sales-november-2022-11671059629">retail sales</a> — is already slumping.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="r80f0q">
Put the current data and the historical analogies together and it’s hard to believe that the US won’t avoid at least a mild recession next year, especially since economic decision-makers are all basically acting as though one is imminent. As John Maynard Keynes <a href="https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/employment-and-growth/how-animal-spirits-destabilize-economies">put it</a>, many of our economic decisions — from whether to buy a house to whether to close a factory — come down less to hard data than “animal spirits.” And the spirits are flagging. —<em>BW</em>
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<h4 id="UMn9mK">
<strong>Inflation in the US will exceed 3 percent (60 percent)</strong>
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OGzDYX">
This past year, I <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/22824620/predicting-midterms-covid-roe-wade-oscars-2022">predicted that inflation would stay below 3 percent</a> because that’s what the Federal Reserve and private forecasters predicted. That was <a href="https://www.vox.com/22996474/inflation-federal-reserve-nairu-ngdp-powell">extremely wrong</a>: The surge in household cash resources from various stimulus measures, combined with shocks like the semiconductor shortage and the disruptions of the Ukraine-Russia war, meant that prices by the <a href="https://www.bea.gov/help/faq/518">Fed’s preferred metric</a> were <a href="https://apps.bea.gov/iTable/?reqid=19&amp;step=2&amp;isuri=1&amp;categories=survey#eyJhcHBpZCI6MTksInN0ZXBzIjpbMSwyLDMsM10sImRhdGEiOltbImNhdGVnb3JpZXMiLCJTdXJ2ZXkiXSxbIk5JUEFfVGFibGVfTGlzdCIsIjY0Il0sWyJGaXJzdF9ZZWFyIiwiMjAyMSJdLFsiTGFzdF9ZZWFyIiwiMjAyMiJdLFsiU2NhbGUiLCIwIl0sWyJTZXJpZXMiLCJRIl1dfQ==">4.9 percent higher</a> in the third quarter of 2022 compared to the third quarter of 2021.
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So, how does one go about trying to predict 2023 inflation when major forecasters all got 2022 wrong? For one thing, I’m going to be less confident. I was 80 percent certain last year; I am much less so this year.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="k6H8uR">
As of <a href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/files/fomcprojtabl20221214.pdf">December 14</a>, the Fed is projecting that inflation will fall between 3 and 3.8 percent in 2023, and the <a href="https://www.philadelphiafed.org/surveys-and-data/real-time-data-research/spf-q4-2022">Survey of Professional Forecasters</a> suggests inflation will start at 3.8 percent in the first quarter and fall to 2.7 percent by the end of the year. So an undershoot below 3 percent is certainly possible, especially if the Fed continues to tighten and especially if the economy dips into a recession (see above).
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But wage growth remains quite strong as of this writing, in a range where even <a href="https://www.employamerica.org/blog/framework-update-labor-income-growth-remains-strong-but-is-decelerating/">the doves at Employ America think some tightening is required</a>. That’s why I think a rate above 3 percent is more likely than not. —<em>DM</em>
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<strong>There will be no Supreme Court vacancies in 2023 (90 percent) </strong>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Cu7kpD">
Last year, Vox’s Dylan Matthews correctly predicted that Stephen Breyer would retire from the Supreme Court. Now, the whole court is relatively young, with four justices in their 50s and none in their 80s (the eldest justice, Clarence Thomas, is a spry 74 years old).
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<img alt="United States Supreme Court Associate Justice Clarence Thomas poses for an official portrait at the East Conference Room of the Supreme Court building on October 7, 2022 in Washington, DC" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Tlie-s195k1GLF2tVUs_sb7pLyY=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24323531/GettyImages_1431398148.jpg"/> <cite>Alex Wong/Getty Images</cite>
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United States Supreme Court Associate Justice Clarence Thomas poses for an official portrait at the East Conference Room of the Supreme Court building on October 7, 2022, in Washington, DC.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1h8ZIi">
Could<strong> </strong>Justice Sonia Sotomayor have retirement on her mind since there’s a <a href="https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/democrats-senate-chances-2024-and-beyond/">high likelihood</a> Republicans will gain control of the Senate in 2024? Hard to know for sure, but a 2023 retirement would certainly<strong> </strong>be premature — if she goes that route, she could wait until the summer of 2024. Aside from retirement, there’s death. Using the <a href="https://www.ssa.gov/oact/STATS/table4c6.html">Social Security Administration’s actuarial tables</a>, the cumulative odds of any justice dying in 2023 (based on age alone) is a little over 11 percent, with Thomas the highest (3.1<strong> </strong>percent) and Barrett the lowest (0.3<strong> </strong>percent). But the justices aren’t your average Americans — their <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/03/upshot/education-impact-health-longevity.html">high education status</a> and <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3139960/">wealth</a> reduce their chance of early death and increase their likelihood of survival, so I’m predicting just a 10 percent chance of a vacancy.<strong> </strong> —<em>Kenny Torrella </em>
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<h3 id="i43bEp">
The world
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<h4 id="N7qif8">
Vladimir Putin will still be President of Russia (80 percent)
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GWG1wG">
This past year has likely been the worst for Putin’s survival chances since he first ascended to the presidency at the end of 1999. He launched a brutal and illegal war that made his nation an international pariah; the resulting sanctions and mass mobilization of young men from that war are <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-russia-ukraine-war-and-its-ramifications-for-russia/">wreaking havoc on an economy</a> that’s also suffering from now-falling oil prices. On top of all that, he’s losing that war to a country with less than a third of Russia’s population. All of these are conditions where <a href="https://www.vox.com/22961563/putin-russia-ukraine-coup-revolution-invasion">coups start to become imaginable</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BFBXs3">
That said, it’s important to keep “base rates” in mind: How common are coups in dictatorships, generally? A <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kwI7Lvp6x0GcO3erdaCeICrt-7MyfK2a/view">2021 paper</a> from John Chin, David Carter, and Joseph Wright looked through a database of coup attempts and found that in autocratic countries, 6.3 percent of years featured a coup attempt. “Regime change coups,” their term for attempted coups that totally change a country’s governance structure (as opposed to, say, replacing one general with another), are much more common in personalist regimes like Putin’s, with attempts in 7 percent of years. But in general, only 48 percent of coup attempts they studied succeeded.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OKyaPb">
This paper might lead one to think there’s perhaps a 3.5 percent chance of a successful regime-change coup against Putin in a given year (and it’s hard to imagine a coup against him that doesn’t constitute a regime change). Given all the stressors listed above, I think that’s much too low an estimate. That said, the low overall rate of coups makes me think it’s more likely than not that Putin stays in power. —<em>DM</em>
</p>
<h4 id="kdPxi0">
China will not launch a full-scale invasion of Taiwan (90 percent)
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XB61wA">
People I take seriously are genuinely concerned that China is gearing up for an invasion of Taiwan this decade. Ben Rhodes has a <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2022/12/china-takeover-taiwan-xi-tsai-ing-wen/671895/">thorough, thoughtful take in the Atlantic</a>, and Phil Davidson, the retired admiral formerly in charge of US military operations in the region, has <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/0850eb67-1700-47c0-9dbf-3395b4e905fd">argued China will be ready for an invasion by 2027</a>. Not controlling Taiwan is clearly a major psychic injury to Communist Party leaders, and taking over a world leader in semiconductor production that’s strategically placed in the South China Sea would have geostrategic benefits, too.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nW61zP">
But I have a hard time getting over the fact that an invasion would be outrageously costly for China in terms of blood and treasure and international esteem, and that these costs would almost surely outweigh any benefits. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/xi-biden-china-invade-taiwan-g20-clapper-bali-indonesia-2022-11">Mattathias Schwartz at Insider</a> has a useful rundown of the challenges an invasion poses, not least of which is that Taiwan is an island and amphibious invasions are extraordinarily difficult. John Culver, a veteran CIA analyst on China, argues that <a href="https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/10/03/how-we-would-know-when-china-is-preparing-to-invade-taiwan-pub-88053">there would be clear signs</a> before an invasion, like “surging production of ballistic and cruise missiles; anti-air, air-to-air, and large rockets for long-range beach bombardment; and numerous other items, at least a year before D-Day.”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="v0VqRW">
While China has <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-61642217">stepped up its probes of Taiwan’s defenses</a>, none of those warning signs are visible yet. We saw preparations for the Russian invasion of Ukraine <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/12/8/22824015/russia-ukraine-troops-tensions-putin-biden-nato">months ahead of time</a>; it wasn’t clear whether Putin was serious or feinting, but he was definitely up to something. The situation with China and Taiwan just isn’t the same, and the debacle that is the Russian invasion of Ukraine probably doesn’t make Xi Jinping more inclined to repeat Putin’s mistake. —<em>DM</em>
</p>
<h4 id="zYn0SE">
At least one new country will join NATO (90 percent)
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mu7Tc1">
Sweden and Finland <a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/5/13/23069341/finland-sweden-nato-membership-russia-ukraine-war">formally applied to join NATO</a> in the aftermath of the Ukraine invasion, in a massive reorientation of Nordic defense policy. While Sweden was <a href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1994-02-12-9402120116-story.html">secretly cooperating with NATO throughout the Cold War</a>, it was publicly non-aligned during those decades and often <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1972/12/27/archives/swedish-comment-brings-us-protest.html">vocally critical of the West</a>. Meanwhile, Finland was so thoroughly under the Soviets’ thumb that the USSR once <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_Frost_Crisis">forced a Finnish prime minister they didn’t like to resign</a>.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="The national flags of (LtoR) Latvia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, the Netherlands, Lithuania, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom (Union Jack) are displayed during the Joint Expeditionary Force (JEF) leaders summit in Riga on December 19, 2022" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/UI9KKHxAsXD4J70EvWAziHtX6_s=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24323536/GettyImages_1245727290.jpg"/> <cite>Gints Ivuskans/AFP via Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
The national flags of (from left) Latvia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, the Netherlands, Lithuania, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom are displayed during the Joint Expeditionary Force (JEF) leaders summit in Riga on December 19, 2022.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Dh7L8y">
Turkey, a member since 1952, has reservations about the Swedes and Finns related to their support for Kurdish causes, which has been <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/08/us/politics/nato-expansion-us-turkey.html">delaying their accession</a>. This means that Sweden and Finland joining is not a totally sure thing, but I think it’s pretty close. The consensus among most observers is that Turkey is trying to extract a few concessions from its Western defense partners and understands that the massive benefits the new members bring to the alliance outweigh any downsides. —<em>DM</em>
</p>
<h4 id="EgoXRE">
Finland will remain the world’s happiest country, while America won’t crack the top dozen (75 percent)
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7t4mCL">
Every year, the World Happiness Report ranks countries in terms of the happiness of their populations. It’s an attempt to pay more attention to indicators of subjective well-being as opposed to raw GDP.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="u24syO">
Finland has been the happiest country for five years running, thanks to its well-run public services, high levels of trust in authority, and low levels of crime and inequality, <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/19/finland-named-worlds-happiest-country-for-fifth-year-running#:~:text=%E2%80%9CMany%20things%20are%20undeniably%20good,levels%20of%20crime%20and%20inequality.">among other things</a>. And in 2022, <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/19/world-happiness-ranking-2022-where-the-united-states-ranks-now.html">researchers noted</a> that its victory wasn’t even a close call: Its score was “significantly ahead” of every other country.<strong> </strong>So I think it’s likely to hold onto the top spot in 2023. As for America, its ranking did improve recently — from 19th place in 2021 to 16th place in 2022 — but it has never made it into the top dozen spots. —<em>SS</em>
</p>
<h3 id="aEtNDK">
Science and technology
</h3>
<h4 id="x37piM">
A psychedelic-based mental health treatment will win US regulatory approval (60 percent)
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ERdhDL">
Research into the therapeutic potential of psychedelic drugs has been undergoing a renaissance over the past decade, and it’s now bearing fruit. A May 2022 <a href="https://theintercept.com/2022/07/26/mdma-psilocybin-fda-ptsd/">letter</a> from the Health and Human Services Department disclosed that President Biden’s administration anticipates regulators will approve MDMA for PTSD and psilocybin for depression within the next two years.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="a2uJcI">
MDMA will probably come first; some experts <a href="https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/expert-mdma-is-very-likely-to-be-fda-approved-for-ptsd-by-the-end-of-2023">say</a> that by the end of 2023, it’s very likely to become FDA-approved for PTSD. Meanwhile, psilocybin will probably get approved for depression the next year. But with such a delicate issue as this, it’s always possible that some late-stage questions will emerge around the clinical trials or plans for implementing an approval, and that could bog things down, so I’m only giving this prediction 60 percent odds. —<em>SS</em>
</p>
<h4 id="n69GeV">
The US will not approve a nasal vaccine for Covid-19 (90 percent)
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0JRTSN">
For a long time, we’ve been hearing about how Covid-19 vaccines delivered through the nose would likely prevent more infections than shots in arms. And China, India, Russia, and Iran have already <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/18/health/covid-nasal-vaccines-warp-speed.html">greenlit vaccines taken through the nose or mouth</a>. Alas, not the US. Nasal vaccines created by American researchers have been tested in animals, but human testing has been held back for a few reasons. A big one is the <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/18/health/covid-nasal-vaccines-warp-speed.html">lack of funding</a>: Biden has asked Congress for more money for next-generation vaccines, but Republicans have resisted. Current estimates put nasal vaccines <a href="https://time.com/6226356/nasal-vaccine-covid-19-us-update/">years away for the US</a>. That’s depressing, but the indications suggest it’s accurate. —<em>SS</em>
</p>
<h4 id="mySHjT">
An AI company will knowingly release a text-to-image or text-to-video model that exhibits bias (90 percent)
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GTfC1P">
AI that lets you turn a few words into an image or a video made stunning advances in 2022, from OpenAI’s DALL-E 2 and Stability AI’s Stable Diffusion to Meta’s Make-A-Video and Google’s Imagen Video. They were hailed for the <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/23023538/ai-dalle-2-openai-bias-gpt-3-incentives">delightful art</a> they can make and criticized for exhibiting racial and gender bias.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OalfBk">
They won’t be the last. I feel confident that this pattern will repeat itself in 2023, simply because there’s so much to incentivize more of the same and so little to disincentivize it. As the team at Anthropic, an AI safety and research company, put it in a <a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.07785.pdf">paper</a>, “The economic incentives to build such models, and the prestige incentives to announce them, are quite strong.” And there’s a lack of regulation compelling AI companies to adopt better practices.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MfDbmq">
In assessing whether this prediction comes true, I will judge an AI company to have “knowingly” released a biased model if the company acknowledges in a model card or similar that the product exhibits bias, or if the company builds the model using a dataset known to be rife with bias. And I’ll judge whether the product “exhibits bias” based on the assessments of experts or journalists who gain access to it. —<em>SS </em>
</p>
<h4 id="a2Dxg9">
OpenAI will release GPT-4 (60 percent)
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="t1dY2Y">
In its brief history, the research group OpenAI has released four large language models capable of producing intelligible text under the name “GPT,” or Generative Pre-trained Transformer. The <a href="https://openai.com/blog/language-unsupervised/">first iteration</a> came out in summer 2018. Then in early 2019, they <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/2/14/18222270/artificial-intelligence-open-ai-natural-language-processing">unveiled GPT-2</a>; in summer 2020 came <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/21355768/gpt-3-ai-openai-turing-test-language">GPT-3</a>, and as part of the very high-profile <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2022/12/7/23498694/ai-artificial-intelligence-chat-gpt-openai">ChatGPT product</a> they revealed in late November 2022, they announced they had created <a href="https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt/">GPT-3.5</a>. The question then naturally arises: When is GPT-4 coming?
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="OpenAI logo seen on screen with ChatBot logo displayed on mobile seen in this illustration in Brussels, Belgium, on December 12, 2022" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/con_qSGcISqkLdc4io4YBpMRapc=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24323539/GettyImages_1245565631.jpg"/> <cite>Jonathan Raa/NurPhoto via Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
OpenAI logo seen on screen with ChatBot logo displayed on mobile seen in this illustration in Brussels, Belgium, on December 12, 2022.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RP2RhO">
Impressionistically, I find GPT-3.5 outputs much more convincing than GPT-3 ones, but OpenAI did not judge the advance significant enough for the name GPT-4. The release schedule also seems to be slowing down somewhat. But the rumor mill points in the opposite direction, with the <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/05/technology/chatgpt-ai-twitter.html">New York Times’s Kevin Roose</a> reporting murmurs that GPT-4 will come out in 2023, and <a href="https://techcrunch.com/2022/12/01/while-anticipation-builds-for-gpt-4-openai-quietly-releases-gpt-3-5/">TechCrunch’s Kyle Wiggers</a> more evasively suggesting “perhaps as soon as 2023.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JXnnE8">
I’m inclined to give the rumor mill some weight, which is why I think GPT-4 in 2023 is more likely than not, but I’m not confident at all. —<em>DM</em>
</p>
<h4 id="MInd8Z">
SpaceX’s Starship will reach orbit (70 percent)
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5lF9Rk">
Starship, the new reusable spacecraft being developed by SpaceX, has been <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/space/spacex-aims-big-with-massive-new-rocket/107434.article">in the works for roughly a decade now</a>. While the company has signaled that the next step is an uncrewed test flight reaching Earth orbit, that project has recently seen some delays. On November 1, <a href="https://www.space.com/spacex-starship-orbital-launch-december">industry news sites</a> were reporting that the craft’s first orbital launch would come in December, but <a href="https://arstechnica.com/science/2022/12/rocket-report-first-uk-launch-slips-to-2023-ukrainian-rocket-startup-perseveres/">by December</a> it was clear the launch wouldn’t come until 2023 at the earliest.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="16evgx">
But smart observers are still optimistic. “Based on a couple of conversations, I think SpaceX has a reasonable chance of making Starship’s orbital launch during the first quarter of 2023,” <a href="https://arstechnica.com/science/2022/12/rocket-report-first-uk-launch-slips-to-2023-ukrainian-rocket-startup-perseveres/">Ars Technica’s Eric Berger</a> wrote on December 9. More to the point, delays, which are pretty common with SpaceX and spaceflight generally, sometimes are a sign of caution, which means the actual launch attempt has better odds.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JQrQta">
Starship is a totally new system, but SpaceX has an enviable track record with its other rockets: a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Falcon_9_and_Falcon_Heavy_launches">99 percent success rate</a> on nearly 200 launches.<strong> </strong>Most of the drama with Falcon launches these days has to do with whether SpaceX also successfully lands the reusable first-stage booster without damage. The odds of a failure are higher in an early-stage program like Starship — and crewed launches like the shuttle operate under even more stringent safety standards — but SpaceX’s track record gives me hope.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="05dohB">
I put the odds that SpaceX will attempt a launch in 2023 at around 90 percent. If it attempts a launch, I put odds of success at some point in 2023 (if not necessarily in the first attempt) around 80 percent. That’s lower than its 99 percent success rate for the Falcon rockets, but fair given the newness and relative complexity of the system. 90 percent times 80 percent gets us around 70 percent odds that a launch succeeds in 2023. —<em>DM</em>
</p>
<h3 id="Bv94TL">
Animals
</h3>
<h4 id="NKZydv">
At least three lab-grown meat companies will begin selling their products in the US (50 percent)
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZiR41s">
In November, the nascent lab-grown or “cultivated” meat field reached a major milestone: The US Food and Drug Administration gave Upside Foods, an early player in the sector, the green light to <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2022/11/17/23462902/lab-grown-meat-upside-fda-approval-usda-cultivated-meat-animal-welfare">sell its cultivated chicken</a>. But you won’t find it for sale just yet — the startup still needs USDA approval, which I predict it’ll get by the end of 2023.<strong> </strong>Not only that: I predict similar approval for<strong> </strong>two other startups in the coming year.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VoIPma">
If these moves happen,<strong> </strong>cell-cultured meat won’t be available for mass consumption immediately. Upside has <a href="https://upsidefoods.com/upside-foods-chef-crenn/">plans</a> to first partner with one Michelin-starred restaurant in San Francisco, and cultivated seafood startups <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/23507372/lab-grown-seafood-fish-bluenalu-wildtype-cultivated-cultured-meat">Wildtype and BlueNalu</a> will first work with high-end sushi restaurants. The first movers will have to be high-end — cultivated meat is still costly to produce, especially compared to $1.50-per-pound factory-farmed chicken.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OZOU2R">
Availability at just a few elite restaurants is far from the industry’s real ambition: stealing a sizable share of the conventional meat market. But it’s significant that the startups in a sector that began less than a decade ago are now slowly migrating from the R&amp;D lab to the manufacturing plant. It’ll be the first real test for the <a href="https://gfi.org/press/record-5-billion-invested-in-alt-proteins-in-2021/">$2 billion gamble</a> on lab-made meat. —<em>KT</em>
</p>
<h4 id="BGghQ0">
The Supreme Court will rule in favor of the pork industry in <em>National Pork Producers Council v. Ross</em> (70 percent)
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rShC6E">
In 2018, over 62 percent of California voters supported a ballot initiative called Proposition 12 to ensure that pork, eggs, and veal sold in the state come from uncaged animals, whether those animals were raised in California or not. The law inspired fierce backlash in the form of three lawsuits from meat trade groups, and the Supreme Court took up one of them intended to <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2022/10/9/23393017/supreme-court-pork-pigs-prop-12-california-animal-welfare">invalidate the part of the law that covers pork</a>. (Disclosure: From 2012 to 2017, I worked at the Humane Society of the United States, which led efforts to pass Proposition 12.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RRLqCE">
The industry’s core argument is that Prop 12 violates the “dormant commerce clause,” a legal doctrine meant to prevent protectionism, or states giving their own businesses preferential treatment over businesses in other states.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="Close-up of pig on a farm in an agricultural area of Gilroy, California, May 31, 2020" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/cpWggFBBTI3lFfTjZ4CTARlq68c=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24323542/GettyImages_1248317253.jpg"/> <cite>Smith Collection/Gado/Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Close-up of pig on a farm in an agricultural area of Gilroy, California, May 31, 2020.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PmJogD">
I think that argument is <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2022/10/9/23393017/supreme-court-pork-pigs-prop-12-california-animal-welfare">spurious</a> — many producers have already begun to transition their operations to comply with Prop 12. But I’m not on the Supreme Court. My pessimistic instinct is to say that a majority of the justices will side with business interests, in keeping with the court’s <a href="https://www.scotusblog.com/2018/08/empirical-scotus-the-big-business-court/">increasingly business-friendly</a> trends.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AcxhzH">
However, it’s not an open-and-shut case. There could be some swing votes, as Justices Clarence<strong> </strong>Thomas and Neil<strong> </strong>Gorsuch don’t like the dormant commerce clause, and Justice Samuel Alito dissented when the Court struck down a federal animal cruelty law. Hence, I’m pegging my confidence in this prediction at 70 percent. —<em>KT</em>
</p>
<h4 id="QPi5Xm">
Over 50 million birds will be culled due to US bird flu outbreaks (40 percent)
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="a0gjG5">
In 2015, a catastrophic avian influenza outbreak in the US wiped out 50 million chickens and turkeys raised for food. Most of them didn’t die from the disease but instead were culled, or proactively killed (in <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/23053296/bird-flu-chickens-turkeys-cull-depopulation-ventilation-shutdown">disturbing ways</a>) to prevent further spread. It seemed like a <a href="https://www.ig.com/en/news-and-trade-ideas/black-swan-theory-explained--what-is-a-black-swan-event--200703">black swan event</a>, but as of mid-December, over 53 million birds have been culled in <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2022/11/22/23472207/bird-flu-vaccine-turkey-prices-chickens-hens-cull-depopulation">this year’s outbreak</a>. Europe set its own bird flu <a href="https://www.poultryworld.net/health-nutrition/health/europe-the-largest-epidemic-of-bird-flu/">outbreak record</a> this year, too.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GyyOZP">
<a href="https://www.npr.org/2022/12/02/1140076426/what-we-know-about-the-deadliest-u-s-bird-flu-outbreak-in-history">Some</a> <a href="https://hakaimagazine.com/news/the-rampaging-avian-influenza-is-entering-unknown-territory/">experts</a> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2022-12-million-birds-affected-outbreak-avian.html">say</a> the highly pathogenic influenza may be here to stay, and there’s good reason to worry they’re right. Usually, avian flu viruses subside during the summer months, but this summer they continued to circulate. <a href="https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7415">European officials</a> say the disease may now be endemic among the continent’s wild bird populations, who spread it to farmed birds as they migrate. And the virus is spreading faster, and to more species — including <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-03322-2">more mammals</a> — than past outbreaks.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gaLWDx">
Given the alarm among those who closely track bird flu, increasing <a href="https://bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/vetr.2399">calls for vaccination</a> against bird flu (a <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2022/11/22/23472207/bird-flu-vaccine-turkey-prices-chickens-hens-cull-depopulation">long-taboo topic</a> among governments and poultry producers), and the fact that this year’s virus hit 47 US states (compared to 21 states during the 2015 outbreak), I think the chance of another disastrous bird flu outbreak is fairly high. —<em>KT </em>
</p>
<h4 id="uuBW6p">
Beyond Meat’s stock price will break $30 at the end of the year (30 percent)
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1B23uy">
It’s been a hell of a few years for Beyond Meat. Six years ago, its flagship Beyond Burger made plant-based meat cool, and its stock market debut in 2019 was the <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-02/beyond-meat-makes-history-with-biggest-ipo-pop-since-08-crisis">strongest-performing IPO</a> since 2008.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uModRh">
As of mid-December, its stock price is half of its $25 IPO, and just 6 percent of its $235 high in July 2019. Beyond Meat’s sales have fallen sharply — a <a href="https://www.fool.com/earnings/call-transcripts/2022/11/09/beyond-meat-inc-bynd-q3-2022-earnings-call-transcr/">13 percent decline</a> in pounds of plant-based meat sold in this year’s third quarter compared to last year’s. And it has <a href="https://www.fool.com/investing/2022/12/14/where-will-beyond-meat-stock-be-in-1-year/">accrued a mountain of debt</a>, due in part to its big plant-based <a href="https://www.fool.com/investing/2022/09/20/could-beyond-meat-go-bankrupt/">jerky launch</a>, which underperformed expectations. It has also launched a range of other products in the last year, including <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2022/10/24/23416694/beyond-meat-steak-tips-vegan-plant-based">steak tips</a>, new kinds of chicken, and at least <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/07/business/beyond-meat-sales/index.html">nine distinct products</a> for restaurant partnerships.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TYXkaz">
Beyond Meat isn’t alone in its struggles; the <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2022/10/24/23416694/beyond-meat-steak-tips-vegan-plant-based">whole plant-based meat sector is down</a>. To course-correct, the company recently laid off 19 percent of its staff and <a href="https://www.fool.com/earnings/call-transcripts/2022/11/09/beyond-meat-inc-bynd-q3-2022-earnings-call-transcr/">told investors</a> it plans to get back to basics, with a focus on growing its core offerings: sausages, burgers, and beef. It may also benefit from a <a href="https://plantbasednews.org/news/economics/jbs-ditches-plant-based-meat/">recent</a> <a href="https://www.fooddive.com/news/maple-leaf-cuts-greenleaf-division-plant-based/629146/">contraction</a> in competition<strong> </strong>and slowing inflation.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1hXRfq">
That could all help its stock price rise, but financial analysts are skeptical a short-term turnaround is possible. The mean price analysts predict for the end of 2023 ranges from <a href="https://www.tipranks.com/stocks/bynd/forecast">$10</a> to <a href="https://www.wallstreetzen.com/stocks/us/nasdaq/bynd/stock-forecast">$16</a>, with the highest at <a href="https://www.wallstreetzen.com/stocks/us/nasdaq/bynd/stock-forecast">$32</a>. —<em>KT</em>
</p>
<h4 id="dnvnq5">
Antibiotics sales for farmed animals will increase in 2022 (65 percent)
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sogZx5">
Nearly <a href="https://publicinterestnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/SuperbugsinStock_10-13_sm.pdf">two-thirds</a> of medically important antibiotics in the US are fed to farmed animals, which worries public health experts as some bacteria are evolving to become resistant to the lifesaving drugs, ushering in a <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/11/14/20963824/drug-resistance-antibiotics-cdc-report">post-antibiotic area</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EtN2z9">
The FDA and the companies that produce and sell meat are under pressure to tackle the problem. But the FDA <a href="https://civileats.com/2022/12/13/the-field-report-fda-data-shows-a-worrisome-increase-in-antibiotic-use-in-animal-agriculture/">seems reluctant</a> to wade into the issue, and advocacy groups say <a href="https://pirg.org/edfund/resources/superbugs-in-stock/">grocers</a> and <a href="https://pirg.org/edfund/resources/chain-reaction-vi-3/">restaurant chains</a> that pledged to reduce antibiotic use in their supply chains aren’t following through. Given governmental apathy and corporate laggards, and the fact that beef production — which uses far more antibiotics than pork and poultry — is projected to have grown <a href="https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/outlooks/105496/ldp-m-342.pdf?v=3823.6">2 percent in 2022</a> (compared to 2021), I think antibiotic use will have slightly increased in 2022. —<em>KT</em>
</p>
<h3 id="lwwlBD">
Culture and sport
</h3>
<h4 id="V9OnXx">
<em>Top Gun: Maverick </em>will not win Best Picture (75 percent)
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9zsROk">
After Dylan Matthews <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/22824620/predicting-midterms-covid-roe-wade-oscars-2022">biffed it last year</a> when he predicted that the 2022 Academy Award for Best Picture would go to <em>Belfast</em>, a movie that I’m still not 100 percent sure was real, I’m hesitant to <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/video/carpetbagger">wade into Carpetbagger territory</a>. This is compounded by the fact that of the <a href="https://variety.com/feature/2023-oscars-best-picture-predictions-1235306911/">10 films Variety projects</a> have the best chance at taking home the gold statuette, I’ve seen precisely two: the <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/the-front-row/everything-everywhere-all-at-once-reviewed-theres-no-there-there">honestly overrated</a> <em>Everything Everywhere All at Once</em> and the 131 minutes of “America! Fuck yeah!” that is <em>Top Gun: Maverick</em>. You have that right: I am the reason that <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/09/business/media/oscars-films-box-office.html">critically acclaimed films are bombing at the box office</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OwLHgz">
But even though I’m no cineaste, I’ve watched enough Oscar telecasts to have a pretty good idea of what the Academy is looking for. And it is not, apparently, movies that audiences go to see. While nearly every Best Picture winner between 1980 and 2003 was <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/03/03/movies/oscars-best-picture-box-office.html">among the 20 top-grossing movies of the yea</a>r, only three winners since have cracked that list.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jhej3K">
<em>Top Gun: Maverick </em>isn’t just the highest-grossing film of the year, it has <a href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/year/2022/">nearly doubled the performance of its closest competitor, <em>Black Panther: Wakanda Forever</em></a>. Add that to its summer release — recently, the Academy has <a href="https://www.theringer.com/oscars/2018/2/28/17060396/best-oscar-movie-release-date">mostly preferred films released near the end of the year</a> — and the odds are bad for the fighter plane flick. If I had to choose a winner, it would be <em>Tár</em>, because why wouldn’t an industry facing an <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/07/business/dealbook/movies-hollywood-streaming-services.html">existential audience crisis</a> choose a critically acclaimed film <a href="https://www.thewrap.com/tar-till-tepid-indie-box-office/">that no one has seen</a>? But I do expect <em>Top Gun: Maverick </em>to take home the award for Best Visual Effects, both for the amazing, real-life dogfighting sequences and for whatever it is that keeps 60-year-old Tom Cruise looking ageless. —<em>BW</em>
</p>
<h4 id="d60gr3">
The Philadelphia Eagles will win the 2023 Super Bowl (25 percent)
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="V4eCfA">
Let’s get this out of the way: I am part of that shadowy cabal of journalists, as described in a <a href="https://www.theringer.com/nfl/2022/12/9/23501320/eagles-washington-dc-political-media">recent Ringer story</a>, who are inexplicably devoted to the Philadelphia Eagles football team. And for most of my life, this has been a <a href="https://bleacherreport.com/articles/85694-the-10-worst-moments-in-philadelphia-eagles-history-since-1968">one-way relationship filled with disappointment and heartache</a>. Sure, we’ll always have Nick Foles and the “Philly Special” at Super Bowl 52 (though my favorite memory from that game isn’t Foles catching a pass; it’s then-Patriots quarterback Tom Brady <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=16x035QVrEI&amp;themeRefresh=1">dropping one</a>). But this is a franchise <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_all-time_NFL_win%E2%80%93loss_records">with an all-time loss record of .490</a> as of the end of 2021, one tick lower than the Cleveland Browns. The Browns!
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="Jalen Hurts #1 of the Philadelphia Eagles talks with Quez Watkins #16 and DeVonta Smith #6 against the Chicago Bears at Soldier Field on December 18, 2022 in Chicago, Illinois" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/10dDDnBny62jSHxC-qhTyKSEW4M=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24323546/GettyImages_1450463531.jpg"/> <cite>Michael Reaves/Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Jalen Hurts #1 of the Philadelphia Eagles talks with Quez Watkins #16 and DeVonta Smith #6 against the Chicago Bears at Soldier Field on December 18, 2022, in Chicago, Illinois.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HzcFzp">
This year has been different, though. With a 13-2 record as of the last week of December, my Eagles sit at the top of the NFL. We have an exciting young quarterback in Jalen Hurts, a trio of elite wide receivers who all for some reason have <a href="https://www.sportscasting.com/why-philadelphia-eagles-wide-receivers-batman-cape-touchdown/">Batman-related nicknames</a>, and a left offensive tackle <a href="https://www.nbcsports.com/philadelphia/eagles/eagles-rookie-jordan-mailata-wears-real-life-clown-shoes">approximately the size</a> of two Jason Momoas. At of December 27, the sportsbooks at Fanduel <a href="https://sportsbook.fanduel.com/navigation/nfl?tab=super-bowl">put the odds</a> of an Eagles win in Super Bowl LVII at 16.9 percent. <a href="https://www.aceodds.com/bet-calculator/odds-converter.html"></a>That’s just behind the Kansas City Chiefs at about 18.2 percent and the Buffalo Bills at 22.2 percent,<strong> </strong>but I’m going to give the Eagles a boost on the basis of my “nothing good happens to Buffalo” theory, which historically <a href="https://www.thesportster.com/football/top-15-worst-moments-in-buffalo-bills-history/">has been very accurate</a>, and because Philadelphia fans are familiar with Chiefs coach Andy Reid’s <a href="https://www.nbcsports.com/philadelphia/eagles/super-bowl-55-andy-reid-awful-clock-decision-kills-chiefs-triggers-eagles-fans">inability to read a game clock</a>. And should the Eagles fail, I can offer a prediction with 100 percent certainty: <a href="https://www.thebiglead.com/posts/philadelphia-fans-boo-undefeated-eagles-trailing-commanders-halftime-video-01ghwk3p8fj1">We will boo them</a>. —<em>BW</em>
</p></li>
<li><strong>Will 2023 be the year Donald Trump is indicted?</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/kV3NT7_fPyRyi50koRxXnsJNEF4=/130x0:2870x2055/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71814988/1441811018.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Former President Donald Trump waves after announcing his 2024 presidential campaign in November. | Joe Raedle/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The January 6 committee is done. The investigations into Donald Trump are not done.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gAEtD0">
The <a href="https://january6th.house.gov/sites/democrats.january6th.house.gov/files/Report_FinalReport_Jan6SelectCommittee.pdf">January 6 committee is finished</a>, but the investigations into Donald Trump are not.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jHN1R8">
Trump is currently in more danger of indictment than at any time since he entered politics. A <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/23466627/jack-smith-special-counsel-garland-trump">newly appointed special counsel</a> is overseeing not one, but two, cases against him that have been proceeding for many months. The first revolves around Trump’s efforts to overturn Joe Biden’s election win, and the second, Trump’s handling of classified information. Separately, <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/23306941/donald-trump-crimes-criminal-investigation-mar-a-lago-fbi-january-6-election-georgia-new-york">state investigations</a> into his election conduct and his business practices are proceeding, and Trump has lost the sitting president’s <a href="https://www.vox.com/2019/7/24/20708393/robert-mueller-report-trump-olc-justice-department-indictment-charge-sitting-president">immunity from prosecution</a> (per Justice Department policy). And a federal judge <a href="https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840.260.0.pdf">has opined</a> that Trump’s effort to steal the election amounted to criminal lawbreaking.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gqOavz">
Now, if an indictment does happen, it would not be the end of the story — far from it. A trial or trials would follow, as would many legal challenges from Trump’s team (some perhaps before <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/9/15/23355813/trump-judge-aileen-cannon-special-master-order-justice-department">sympathetic judges</a>). Trump likely can’t be stopped from continuing his 2024 presidential run <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/9/24/23365488/trump-legal-problems-classified-lawsuit">except by voters</a>, but despite <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/15/opinion/donald-trump-republicans-underperformance.html">talk of his recent political woes</a>, he continues to lead <a href="https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2024/president/us/2024_republican_presidential_nomination-7548.html">every poll of a multi-candidate GOP field</a>. There could be many more twists and turns ahead.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2qMwF4">
For now, though, all eyes are on that new special counsel — Jack Smith.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ySUt8Q">
Smith, a career DOJ prosecutor who stepped down to do a stint in the Hague <a href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/donald-trump-special-prosecutor-jack-smith-has-a-history-of-indicting-presidents">prosecuting war crimes in Kosovo</a>, has taken over two investigations that have been up and running for many months — two investigations that make for a bit of an odd contrast.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SS05VX">
The investigation into Trump’s attempt to stay in power seems extremely substantively important, but the strength of the legal case, and the evidence against him personally, aren’t all that clear.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Z0dIrk">
Meanwhile, the investigation into his handling of classified documents seems legally clear-cut with strong evidence behind it — but there are reportedly <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-19/trump-prosecutors-see-evidence-for-bringing-obstruction-charges?utm_content=politics&amp;cmpid%3D=socialflow-twitter-politics&amp;utm_campaign=socialflow-organic&amp;utm_medium=social&amp;utm_source=twitter&amp;leadSource=uverify%20wall&amp;sref=qYiz2hd0">tensions among investigators</a> about whether the crime is sufficiently serious to merit charges.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="e7onOW">
So, will the special counsel try to indict the president in the important but perhaps tougher case, or the easier but less monumental case? Or both?
</p>
<h3 id="7h0Tmr">
The state of the investigation into Trump’s attempt to steal the 2020 election
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eUja0N">
The Justice Department’s larger investigation into the January 6 attacks has been going on since they happened, focusing first on the people who actually stormed the Capitol. Initially, there wasn’t really a consensus in the political world about whether Trump had actually committed crimes with his web of lies about the election. So an investigation into him does not appear to have begun immediately.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3VMQsI">
We now know that a team of prosecutors began more intensely scrutinizing Trump and his associates in the <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/trump-investigation-thomas-windom.html">fall of 2021</a>. About a year ago, this team was “given the green light by the Justice Department to take a case all the way up to Trump, if the evidence leads them there,” <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/11/politics/jack-smith-special-counsel-high-profile-moves-trump-criminal-investigations/index.html">according to a recent CNN article</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lWf9Fr">
The probe proceeded quietly at first. In January 2022, the <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/trump-jan-6-investigation-garland/2022/01/15/e55a3ca2-7555-11ec-b202-b9b92330d4fa_story.html">Washington Post reported</a> that “so far the department does not appear to be directly investigating” Trump. But just a week and a half after that article, Deputy Attorney General Lisa Monaco confirmed an investigation into one aspect of Trump’s scheme: fake electors. This was Trump allies’ effort to name Trump supporters as electors in key swing states Biden won, and to have their purported electoral votes submitted to Congress and Vice President Mike Pence and effectively dispute the actual electors’ votes.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Uiul5O">
“Our prosecutors are looking at those, and I can’t say anything more on ongoing investigations,” <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/25/us/politics/justice-department-trump.html">Monaco said</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fLklBj">
By May, the investigation <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/25/us/politics/pro-trump-lawyers-elector-scheme.html">had subpoenaed many close Trump aides</a> for documents and was asking specifically for info about lawyers who had tried to help him overturn the election. In June, the home of Jeffrey Clark — the official Trump tried to put in charge of DOJ, so he could enlist the Department in declaring the election results fraudulent — <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/23/us/politics/jeffrey-clark-trump-justice-dept.html">was searched</a> by federal agents. DOJ’s inspector general, Michael Horowitz, is involved in the investigation of Clark, since he was <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/trump-investigation-thomas-windom.html">a DOJ employee</a> at the time. Rep. Scott Perry (R-PA), who put Trump in touch with Clark, is also <a href="https://www.axios.com/2022/08/09/rep-scott-perry-outraged-after-fbi-seized-his-phone">a key subject of this investigation</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6oTMTH">
By late July, the <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2022/07/26/trump-justice-investigation-january-6/">Washington Post reported</a> prosecutors were asking “hours of detailed questions” about Trump’s actions specifically, on topics such as the extent of his involvement with the fake elector push and his effort to pressure Pence to throw out state electoral votes. Then in September, investigators <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/12/us/politics/trump-aides-jan-6-doj.html">issued at least 40 subpoenas in a week</a>, this time focusing more on Trump’s political and fundraising operations. More recently, new subpoenas have gone out to <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/12/12/special-counsel-sends-trump-subpoena-ga-secretary-state-raffensperger/">state</a> <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/12/06/jack-smith-trump-communications-subpoenas/">officials</a> Trump tried to pressure.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mqasMM">
A growing number of Trump aides have gone in to testify before one of several active Washington, DC grand juries in recent months. The former president filed a secret suit to try and block testimony of aides like former White House counsel’s office lawyers Pat Cipollone and Patrick Philbin, citing privilege concerns, but he lost that suit, and <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2022/12/02/trump-lawyers-grand-jury-00071960">they testified last month</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jClYRA">
The investigation certainly seems quite sprawling and serious at this point. But, importantly, we still lack visibility into a few important questions.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GeLO5q">
First, how strong is the evidence against Trump personally? Have they “flipped” members of his inner circle who can testify that he knowingly committed corrupt activity — or not? Will he be able to get out of charges by claiming (some of) his lawyers advised him everything he was doing was legally permissible?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OlAahz">
Second, what is DOJ thinking about the legal issues at the heart of the case? The House January 6 committee <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/12/19/23512985/january-6-committee-trump-criminal-referral">argued</a> that Trump broke four laws in his attempt to stay in power: obstruction of an official proceeding, conspiracy to defraud the United States, conspiracy to make a false statement, and assisting an insurrection. And a federal judge, David Carter, <a href="https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840.260.0.pdf">already ruled months ago</a> that evidence suggests Trump committed some of these crimes.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3dvGTD">
Still, though DOJ investigators are clearly taking their investigation very seriously, we don’t actually know whether they agree with Judge Carter’s analysis of the law, or whether they are even entirely sure what they think about it yet. One of Trump’s arguments in defense will likely be that he was engaging in politicking and political speech, not plotting a criminal conspiracy. If he is indicted, that argument would surely reach the Supreme Court at some point.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DNtAdS">
This is all fairly novel territory and it’s hard to point to a case quite like it. The topic is enormously important, but because Trump’s actions were so unprecedented, there’s much less of a roadmap on what the special counsel’s<strong> </strong>path forward should be.
</p>
<h3 id="xJZG3t">
The state of the classified documents investigation
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="P4xAkB">
The classified documents case, by contrast, seems simpler from both a legal and evidentiary perspective — but it has its own potential problems.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2GpoXK">
When the FBI raided Mar-a-Lago in search of classified documents in August, the political world was rife with speculation about what could have justified such an extraordinary action, and what Trump might have been up to. Was he selling classified material to the highest bidder? Was he trying to blackmail the deep state? These theories were never backed by evidence, but a <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2022/08/11/garland-trump-mar-a-lago/">Washington Post report</a> that agents were looking for “nuclear documents” suggested this was monumental stuff indeed.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QfMpVk">
Yet more recent reports on the investigation suggest the DOJ prosecutors and FBI agents working on it are not in full agreement about the strength of the case.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mtms1J">
According to a <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2022/12/21/trump-doj-garland-mar-a-lago-january-6/">Washington Post report in December</a>, the FBI initially wasn’t sure it wanted to take up the case at all. The National Archives had asked them to get involved because they had found classified material in boxes belatedly returned to them by Trump, and they thought more material was missing. Even after Trump appeared to defy a grand jury subpoena to return documents, some FBI agents working on the case “weren’t certain” they had enough probable cause for a search, per the Post.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="T9QHzW">
The search took place in August, and prosecutors claim to have found dozens of classified documents, but exactly what they found remains mysterious. The <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2022/10/21/trump-documents-mar-a-lago-iran-china/">Post reported</a> some documents had “highly sensitive intelligence regarding Iran and China,” including a description of Iran’s missile programs. The government <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/26/us/politics/trump-affidavit-warrant.html">has expressed concern</a> that the information could jeopardize human intelligence sources. But it is difficult to evaluate those claims, because, well, the information is classified.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7p5kAS">
Meanwhile, the DOJ-FBI divide has reportedly persisted. Bloomberg News <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-19/trump-prosecutors-see-evidence-for-bringing-obstruction-charges?utm_content=politics&amp;cmpid%3D=socialflow-twitter-politics&amp;utm_campaign=socialflow-organic&amp;utm_medium=social&amp;utm_source=twitter&amp;leadSource=uverify%20wall&amp;sref=qYiz2hd0">reported in October</a> that though some DOJ prosecutors thought there was enough evidence to charge Trump with obstruction of justice because he defied the subpoena, some “internal critics,” including in the FBI, are questioning why Trump would be charged when Hillary Clinton wasn’t in her own classified information investigation. (Clinton <a href="https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2022/sep/13/hillary-clinton/clinton-exaggerates-absence-classified-information/">had some</a> classified information in email chains sent to her personal email account that she had used for work; Trump had paper documents in boxes at Mar-a-Lago.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MkgE6c">
Furthermore, <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2022/11/14/trump-motive-mar-a-lago-documents/">yet another Washington Post story</a> suggests that the more ominous and speculative theories about Trump’s motives in keeping classified documents weren’t founded, in investigators’ eyes. They’ve come to believe, instead, that his motive was “largely his ego and a desire to hold on to the materials as trophies or mementos.” That would not get him off the hook for violating classified information law, but it’s certainly <em>less</em> of a clear-cut threat to national security than, say, the attempted selling of documents would be.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xMgE1j">
So there are clearly some tensions among reporters’ sources about whether Trump’s crime here is sufficiently serious to merit indictment (when Clinton had not been charged), with DOJ prosecutors preferring a more aggressive push and FBI agents more dubious.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Eockmf">
Special counsel Smith will have to sort out his own views on all this, as well as on the 2020 investigation. And though any charging recommendation Smith makes will go up to Attorney General Merrick Garland for approval, his opinion will carry great weight in determining whether Trump ends up indicted in the next year.
</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="r0b5zs">
</p></li>
<li><strong>Xi Jinping has abandoned zero-Covid. What happens now?</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="FRANCE-CHINA-HEALTH-VIRUS" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/tCY4UVMirmp4tAjjq9mWWFTNCG8=/94x0:4457x3272/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71813700/1245920159.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Julien De Rosa/AFP via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
China is opening up rapidly after three years of lockdown. The rest of the world is scrambling to respond.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jXnu33">
China is rapidly opening up after years of its “zero-Covid” policy, with strict lockdowns, mandatory testing, and major travel restrictions. But the major policy shift could pose further complications in China as people resume international travel, and geopolitically as a patchwork of countries impose restrictions on Chinese air travelers.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JeixZH">
The US, the UK, Italy, India, Israel, Spain, <a href="https://twitter.com/GovCanHealth">Canada</a>, South Korea, and France are all implementing some form of restrictions on air travel from China; that typically means a passenger embarking in China and heading to one of these countries can’t board without a negative test, or, <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-64127917">in Spain’s case, without being vaccinated</a>. But policies surrounding infectious diseases are hard to make without accurate data about caseloads, hospitalizations, and deaths, which China has failed to collect and disseminate since rolling back zero-Covid in<strong> </strong>late December.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gBVyEP">
It’s much too early to tell exactly what effect the policy shift<strong> </strong>will have; though China appears to be experiencing a major wave of infections presently, that hasn’t translated into major infections outside the country. But because Chinese air travelers haven’t gone through multiple variant waves, they could be more vulnerable to infection.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Fu4jep">
What’s more, there’s not great scientific evidence to back up travel restrictions; “We have seen time and time again with this pandemic that a patchwork response, whether nationally or globally, does little to contain the disease,” Saskia Popescu, an assistant professor in the biodefense program within the Schar School of Policy and Government at George Mason University, told Vox via email. “Moreover, travel bans and testing requirements are not as effective as they neglect the porous nature of borders, the realities of disease transmission, and are reactive rather than preventative.”
</p>
<h3 id="EDAd0d">
China is rolling back Xi Jinping’s zero-Covid policy, and cases are rising
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wjfq3z">
Chinese President Xi Jinping <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/fb879510-c2bb-4a04-8e36-182078ae15ec?sharetype=blocked">rolled back restrictions to his signature policy</a> after <a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/11/27/23480144/urumqi-xinjiang-apartment-fire-china-zero-covid-uyghur-xi-jinping-protest">widespread protests</a> against stringent lockdowns and mandatory testing began in November. Though Xi’s government had <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-11-11/these-are-the-20-measures-guiding-china-s-covid-easing-efforts">announced a 20-point plan to ease</a> those restrictions earlier that month, the protests, some of which called for Xi to step down, seem to have expedited the unraveling of Xi’s policy.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OwydUl">
Draconian lockdowns, notably in Shanghai, at the FoxConn iPhone factory in Zhengzhou, and in Urumqi, Xinjiang, reportedly left people without access to food, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/25/world/asia/china-fire.html">and many in Xinjiang believe that the zero-Covid measures there</a>, which barred people from leaving their apartments, prevented emergency workers from aiding people locked in their homes when a fire broke out in an Urumqi apartment building.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Pzt6NY">
In the month since, the set of policies Xi once said “<a href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/27/china/china-2022-zero-covid-intl-hnk-mic/index.html">prioritized the people and their lives above all else</a>,” has swiftly crumbled, leaving in its wake a significant rise in cases and <a href="https://www.vox.com/23494270/china-zero-covid-cases-exit-wave-hospitals">a strained healthcare system</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="s5Ztni">
“I think we should be concerned about what’s happening in China — for the Chinese,” Andrew Pollard, the chair of the UK’s Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunization, told <a href="https://open.spotify.com/episode/1w62CzdEyWQ7dYhH6mmMEh">BBC News Hour</a> on Saturday. “Within the country, there is a large amount of Covid spreading at the moment, the omicron variant is there, and it spreads extremely well between people. And they haven’t had Covid waves before … so we would expect an enormous number of infections to occur.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="50Rl0y">
Officially, China has recorded <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus/country/china">just over 5,000 deaths</a> from Covid-19 since the pandemic began, which Pollard conceded is possible if that number counts only people who died from the disease without any other underlying conditions. But the numbers are likely much higher, he said, if those cases are included, and they are likely to rise as the disease spreads, particularly among older people who are less likely to be vaccinated.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Zu8bMe">
Already, reports coming out of China indicate a hospital system in duress due to the increase in Covid-19 cases, as well as <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/china/chinese-hospitals-extremely-busy-covid-spreads-unchecked-2022-12-28/">crematoriums and funeral homes </a>straining under the death toll.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3Ua1Tl">
Shutting down zero-Covid was, as Victor Shih, an expert in Chinese politics at the UC San Diego School of Global Policy and Strategy told <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/why-xi-jinping-changed-his-mind-on-zero-covid">the New Yorker’s </a>Isaac Chotiner, likely a complex decision motivated by economic and employment problems domestically as well as general dissatisfaction and protest. But Xi will have to contend with the fallout of his decisions — both the draconian lockdowns he employed and trumpeted for three years, and the likely wave of Covid-19 infections and deaths that will follow China’s re-opening. That fallout, Shih said, is likely to mean more protests of the kind seen in November, and quite possibly increased skepticism of China’s economic and governance models, both from inside and outside China.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6wH8WP">
“Some serious damage is being done to public trust,” John Delury, a China expert at Seoul’s Yonsei University, <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/fb879510-c2bb-4a04-8e36-182078ae15ec?sharetype=blocked">told the Financial Times</a>. “We may not see the immediate effects of that. But it’s going into the public calculus about how competent their government is. This is the worst possible start to Xi’s third term.”
</p>
<h3 id="R6UtAR">
The world is better equipped to deal with Covid-19, but there are still many unknowns
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HguMZq">
The end of covid-Zero also means the end of disease surveillance on a national level. As Yang Zhang, a professor of sociology and Chinese politics at American University <a href="https://twitter.com/ProfYangZhang/status/1607363760607436803">tweeted in December regarding the tracking of China’s Covid-19 cases</a>, “I don’t think the Chinese state had the capacity to collect, model, and assess provincial/municipal infection data on a daily base [sic] over the last month. After the sudden opening, this is a daunting job (for any state). They simply gave up.”
</p>
<div id="SRfkZx">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
This is a possible scenario, but I don’t think the Chinese state had the capacity to collect, model, and assess provincial/municipal infection data on a daily base over the last month. After the sudden opening, this is a daunting job (for any state). They simply gave up.
</p>
— Yang Zhang (<span class="citation" data-cites="ProfYangZhang">@ProfYangZhang</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/ProfYangZhang/status/1607363760607436803?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 26, 2022</a>
</blockquote></div></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="c7aFDZ">
Without adequate information about vaccine efficacy, infections, hospitalizations, and deaths, it’s difficult to model how the disease might spread and make sensible policies around disease mitigation — hence the patchwork of air travel restrictions now.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="V9QNAE">
“We’re flying blind without more information, but that’s also an issue we’re facing in the US as the CDC changed community transmission level thresholds, testing centers were closed, and at-home tests are not reported,” Popescu said. “Ultimately this should be a lesson in that we can’t truly address an outbreak or pandemic if data is incomplete anywhere.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cZhRKv">
Just as in the beginning of the pandemic, countries aren’t in agreement in how they’ll deal with potential new cases coming in via air travel; three years later, Popescu said, the countries that do impose restrictions aren’t necessarily choosing effective ones. “Even [in the beginning of the pandemic] a travel ban was not backed in science and frankly proved to be <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34380452/">ineffective in control</a>.” The best travel restrictions can do with a disease of this magnitude is buy governments time to prepare for its spread.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2lga8k">
<a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/italy-imposes-mandatory-covid-tests-travellers-china-2022-12-28/">Italy</a>, which has in place a testing restriction for air travelers from China, has encouraged other European Union countries to do the same; <a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/france-third-eu-country-screen-china-arrivals-covid/">France and Spain</a> have implemented restrictions too, <a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/european-countries-covid-pandemic-china-ingore-pandemic-lessons/">but the EU overall has thus far declined to do so</a>. In a place like Europe where travel overland between countries is fairly painless, “testing passengers from one country is not effective in disease containment (the horse is out of the barn essentially),” Popescu said. Furthermore, she said, “testing is reactive,” not proactive, she said — Italy implemented its testing mandate <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/12/29/china-covid-travel-restrictions/">after cases were detected in flights arriving in Milan</a> on December 26.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="i8A4Dm">
One positive sign from Italy’s testing program is that there don’t seem to be new variants coming in from China — meaning as far as researchers can tell, Covid-infected travelers from China don’t pose any greater risk to, say, the US population than an American citizen infected with Covid-19 does.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wqL7jV">
The risks are possibly higher for Chinese travelers, who might be introduced to an unfamiliar variant during their travels, or might not be vaccinated, though around 91 percent of the population fully vaccinated, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/world/china-covid-cases.html">according to the New York Times</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vL39Rz">
Though the world is better equipped to manage Covid-19 than in 2020, the patchwork of restrictions in response to China’s re-opening still shows major flaws in the world’s ability to deal with the pandemic in a united, consistent manner, Popescu said. Covid-19 is likely to be endemic for years to come; incidents like China’s re-opening and the potential for new disease variants and waves “should be a reminder of the importance of global health, vaccine equity, and partnerships in proactive public health interventions.
</p>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Irish Gold and Miranda show out</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Shamrock, Kulsum and Multifaceted please</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A truly memorable first ‘blitz’ medal, says Humpy</strong> - The Grandmaster, a classical format specialist, celebrates the silver at the World blitz chess championships in Almaty</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>In absence of Messi and Neymar, PSG loses 3-1 at Lens for 1st defeat of season</strong> - PSG was without Neymar, through suspension, and World Cup winner Messi, who is returning to training after an extended stay back home in Argentina.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>NZ pacer Milne pulls out of India, Pakistan tours citing lack of preparation</strong> - Adam Milne finished the recent home series against India with a tight hamstring. The prospect of six ODIs in 16 days across Pakistan and India was considered too big of a risk</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Omar Lulu’s Nalla Samayam withdrawn from theatres following excise case</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Bhima Koregaon victory remembered in Sakleshpur</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>India building permanent bunkers for BSF at Gujarat creek along Pakistan border</strong> - Sir Creek is a 98-km disputed territory between India and Pakistan in the Rann of Kutch marshlands, which opens up into the Arabian Sea dividing the Kutch region of Gujarat and the Sindh province of Pakistan.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Siddeshwar Swami’s health continues to be critical</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Devotees throng temples to offer special prayers on Mukkoti Ekadasi in Vizianagaram and Srikakulam districts</strong> - Long queues witnessed since morning for Uttara Dwara Darshanam</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine claims hundreds of Russians killed by missile attack</strong> - Ukraine says 400 were killed - the total has not been verified, but Russia acknowledged the strike.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine must get long-term support, warns Nato chief</strong> - The West must be in it for the “long haul” as Russia shows no signs of relenting, says Nato’s chief.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pope Benedict XVI: Thousands pay respects at the Vatican</strong> - Thousands of people are paying their respects to Benedict before his funeral on Thursday.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Croatia begins new euro and Schengen zone era</strong> - The country committed to joining the eurozone when it became the EU’s newest member in 2013.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Czechoslovakia: Czechs and Slovaks mark 30 years since Velvet Divorce</strong> - Thirty years since their break-up, Slovakia and the Czech Republic have a harmonious relationship.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What are companies doing with D-Wave’s quantum hardware?</strong> - D-Wave’s computers are especially good at solving optimization problems. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1895515">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Up close and personal: Dolphin POV caught on camera while hunting for tasty fish</strong> - Accompanying audio recorded dolphins squealing in victory when they captured prey. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1907072">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ancient Chinese text reveals earliest-known record of a candidate aurora</strong> - Passage in <em>Bamboo Annals</em> describes a “five-colored light” in 10th century BCE. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1848676">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Where 2022’s news was (mostly) good: The year’s top science stories</strong> - Better urinals, older pants, and a helicopter on Mars, oh my! - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1906983">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Busting a myth: Saturn V rocket wasn’t loud enough to melt concrete</strong> - It also wasn’t loud enough to ignite grass or hair, or “blast rainbows from the sky.” - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1907031">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What is a white nationalists favourite porn site ?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Only Klans
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/ilikemakingmusictoo"> /u/ilikemakingmusictoo </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/100zox3/what_is_a_white_nationalists_favourite_porn_site/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/100zox3/what_is_a_white_nationalists_favourite_porn_site/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Name one superhero that can beat Captain America…</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Captain Vietnam
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Big_Dasher"> /u/Big_Dasher </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/100sv1g/name_one_superhero_that_can_beat_captain_america/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/100sv1g/name_one_superhero_that_can_beat_captain_america/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>3,027 years from today, life will either be really good or really bad.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
It’s 5050.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Burmy87"> /u/Burmy87 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/100p0tm/3027_years_from_today_life_will_either_be_really/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/100p0tm/3027_years_from_today_life_will_either_be_really/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>elon musk, tiger woods, the pope and a college student are on an airplane …</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
the plane is going down, the pilots bailed, it’s going to crash. there’s 4 of them and only 3 parachutes … tiger woods says “i’m the best golfer in the world, i think i should get a parachute.” everyone agrees, tiger woods takes a parachute and jumps out of the plane. elon musk says “i’m the smartest man in the world, i think i should get a parachute.” everyone agrees, elon musk jumps out of the plane. the pope tells the college student “my son, take this last parachute and live a long happy life.” the college student says “we can both go. the smartest man just jumped out with my backpack.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/mmazza86"> /u/mmazza86 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/100oy7b/elon_musk_tiger_woods_the_pope_and_a_college/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/100oy7b/elon_musk_tiger_woods_the_pope_and_a_college/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>When my wife died I couldn’t shower alone for 12 years.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
But I’m out of prison now!
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Banger85"> /u/Banger85 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/10100ah/when_my_wife_died_i_couldnt_shower_alone_for_12/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/10100ah/when_my_wife_died_i_couldnt_shower_alone_for_12/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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