navan
/
Daily-Dose
mirror of https://github.com/navanchauhan/Daily-Dose.git
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Projects Releases Wiki Activity

Added daily report

This commit is contained in:
Navan Chauhan 2022-12-31 12:44:53 +00:00
parent d7a712c875
commit 9932158de2
3 changed files with 775 additions and 2 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

196
archive-covid-19/31 December, 2022.html Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="" xml:lang="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta content="pandoc" name="generator"/>
<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes" name="viewport"/>
<title>31 December, 2022</title>
<style>
code{white-space: pre-wrap;}
span.smallcaps{font-variant: small-caps;}
span.underline{text-decoration: underline;}
div.column{display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 50%;}
div.hanging-indent{margin-left: 1.5em; text-indent: -1.5em;}
ul.task-list{list-style: none;}
</style>
<title>Covid-19 Sentry</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
<body>
<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>On temporal changes in the role of different age groups in propagating the Omicron epidemic waves in England</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: There is limited information on the role of individuals in different age groups in the spread of infection during the Omicron epidemics, especially ones beyond the winter epidemic wave in 2021-2022. In England, booster vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is currently restricted to persons aged over 50y and individuals in clinical risk groups. Methods: We used a previously developed methodology to evaluate the role of individuals in different age groups in propagating the Spring, Summer, and Autumn waves of the Omicron epidemic in England. This methodology utilizes the relative risk (RR) statistic that measures the change in the proportion of cases in each age group among all COVID-19 cases in the population before the peak of an epidemic wave vs. after the peak of an epidemic wave. Higher values for the RR statistic represent age groups that experienced a disproportionate depletion of susceptible individuals during the ascent of the epidemic (due to increased contact rates and/or susceptibility to infection). Results: For the 2022 Spring wave, the highest RR estimate belonged to children aged 5 to 9y (RR=2.05 (95%CI (2.02,2.08)), followed by children aged 10 to 14y (RR=1.68 (1.66,1.7)) and children aged 0 to 4y (RR=1.38 (1.36,1.41)). For the Summer wave, the highest RR estimates belonged to persons aged 20 to 34y: (RR=1.09 (1.07,1.12) in aged 20 to 24y, RR=1.09 (1.07,1.11) in aged 25 to 29y, RR=1.09(1.07,1.11) in aged 30 to 34y). For the Autumn wave, the highest RR estimate in adults belonged to those aged 70 to 74y (RR=1.10 (1.07,1.14)), followed by adults aged 35 to 39y (RR=1.09 (1.06,1.12)), adults aged 40 to 44y (RR=1.09 (1.06,1.12)), and adults aged 65 to 69y (RR=1.08 (1.05,1.11)) (with children excluded from the analyses due to limited/irregular detection of COVID-19 cases in children during the Autumn wave). Conclusions: As time progressed, ages of individuals who played the leading roles in propagating the Omicron epidemic waves in England shifted upward, with the leading roles in propagating COVID-19 epidemics in England currently belonging to adults of different ages. Extending booster vaccination to adults aged under 50y, and possibly to children should help limit the spread of Omicron infections in the community.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.30.22283949v1" target="_blank">On temporal changes in the role of different age groups in propagating the Omicron epidemic waves in England</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Effectiveness of Sotrovimab in Preventing COVID-19-related Hospitalizations or Deaths Among U.S. Veterans</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: Data on effectiveness of sotrovimab preventing COVID-19-related hospitalization or mortality, particularly after the emergence of the Omicron variant, are limited. Method: Determine the real-world clinical effectiveness of sotrovimab for prevention of 30-day COVID-19 related hospitalization or mortality using a retrospective cohort within the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system. Veterans aged ≥18 years, diagnosed with COVID-19 between December 1, 2021, and April 4, 2022, were included. Sotrovimab recipients (n=2,816) were exactly matched to untreated controls (n=11,250) on date of diagnosis, vaccination status, and region. The primary outcome was COVID-19-related hospitalization or all-cause mortality within 30 days from diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards modeling estimated the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) for the association between receipt of sotrovimab and outcomes. Results: During BA.1 dominance, compared to matched controls, sotrovimab-treated patients had a 70% lower risk hospitalization within 30 days or mortality (HR 0.30; 95%CI, 0.23-0.40), a 66% lower risk of 30-day hospitalization (HR 0.34; 95%CI, 0.25-0.46), and a 77% lower risk of 30-day all-cause mortality (HR 0.23; 95%CI, 0.14-0.38). During BA.2 dominance sotrovimab-treated patients had a 71% (HR .29; 95%CI, 0.08-0.98) lower risk of 30-day COVID-19-related- hospitalization, emergency, or urgent care. Limitations include confounding by indication. Conclusions: Using national real-world data from high risk and predominantly vaccinated Veterans, administration of sotrovimab, compared with no treatment, was associated with reduced risk of 30-day COVID-19-related hospitalization or all-cause mortality during the Omicron BA.1 period and reduced risk of progression to severe COVID-19 during the BA.2 dominant period.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.30.22284063v1" target="_blank">Effectiveness of Sotrovimab in Preventing COVID-19-related Hospitalizations or Deaths Among U.S. Veterans</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in Ohio’s wildlife, companion, and agricultural animals</strong> -
<div>
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in humans in late 2019 and spread rapidly to become a global pandemic. A zoonotic spillover event from animal to human was identified as the presumed origin. Subsequently, reports began emerging regarding spillback events resulting in SARS-CoV-2 infections in multiple animal species. These events highlighted critical links between animal and human health while also raising concerns about the development of new reservoir hosts and potential viral mutations that could alter virulence and transmission or evade immune responses. Characterizing susceptibility, prevalence, and transmission between animal species became a priority to help protect animal and human health. In this study, we coalesced a large team of investigators and community partners to surveil for SARS-CoV-2 in domestic and free-ranging animals around Ohio between May 2020 and August 2021. We focused on species with known or predicted susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, highly congregated or medically compromised animals (e.g. shelters, barns, veterinary hospitals), and animals that had frequent contact with humans (e.g. pets, agricultural animals, zoo animals, or animals in wildlife hospitals). This included free-ranging deer (n=76), mink (n=57), multiple species of bats (n=65), and other wildlife in addition to domestic cats (n=275) and pigs (n= 184). In total, we tested 800 animals (34 species) via rRT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA was not detected in any of the tested animals despite a major peak in human SARS-CoV-2 cases that occurred in Ohio subsequent to the peak of animal samplings. Importantly, due to lack of validated tests for animals, we did not test for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in this study, which limited our ability to assess exposure. While the results of this study were negative, the surveillance effort was critical and remains key to understanding, predicting, and preventing re-emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in humans or animals.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.30.522311v1" target="_blank">Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in Ohio’s wildlife, companion, and agricultural animals</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Study of an age-based Covid-19 outbreak model and the effect of demo-graphic structure of a state on infectious disease dynamics</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
In this paper, our objective was to investigate whether the Covid-19 pandemic disease is more likely to break out in some specific age group or not. We also intended to know whether some specific demographic parameters like birth rate, death rate controls the spreading of the disease. Our investigation showed that the post reproductive population group is more prone to the disease for the countries having population pyramid of stationary or con-tracting type where as for the countries with expanding population pyramid, the pre reproductive population is more likely to be attacked by the disease. We also found the domains of values of the demographic parameters that result different dynamic phenomena. Further we tried to know whether a countrys9 population pyramid has an effect in spreading the disease. Our experiment showed that for countries having expanding population pyramid, the total number of cases is expected to be comparatively low whereas for countries having contracting population pyramid, the total number of cases is expected to be comparatively high.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.28.22284021v1" target="_blank">Study of an age-based Covid-19 outbreak model and the effect of demo-graphic structure of a state on infectious disease dynamics</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Bridging the gap_Estimation of 2022/2023 SARS-CoV-2 healthcare burden in Germany based on multidimensional data from a rapid epidemic panel</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, Germany lacked an adaptive population panel for epidemic diseases and a modelling platform to rapidly incorporate panel estimates. We evaluated how a cross-sectional analysis of 9922 participants of the MuSPAD study in June/July 2022 combined with a newly developed modelling platform could bridge the gap and analyzed antibody levels, neutralizing serum activity and interferon-gamma release response of serum samples. We categorized the population into four groups with differing protection against severe course of disease (validated by neutralizing serum activity), and found that 30% were in the group with highest protection, and 85% in either the highest categories or second highest group regarding protection level. Estimated hospitalizations due to SARS-CoV-2 were predicted to be between 30 to 300% of the peak in 02/2021 dependent on assumed variant characteristics. We showed the feasibility of a rapid epidemic panel able to evaluate complex endpoints for SARS-CoV-2 and inform scenario modelling.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.30.22284061v1" target="_blank">Bridging the gap_Estimation of 2022/2023 SARS-CoV-2 healthcare burden in Germany based on multidimensional data from a rapid epidemic panel</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Automated assessment of chest CT severity scores in patients suspected of COVID-19 infection</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has claimed numerous lives in the last three years. With new variants emerging every now and then, the world is still battling with the management of COVID-19. Purpose: To utilize a deep learning model for the automatic detection of severity scores from chest CT scans of COVID-19 patients and compare its diagnostic performance with experienced human readers. Methods: A deep learning model capable of identifying consolidations and ground-glass opacities from the chest CT images of COVID-19 patients was used to provide CT severity scores on a 25-point scale for definitive pathogen diagnosis. The model was tested on a dataset of 469 confirmed COVID-19 cases from a tertiary care hospital. The quantitative diagnostic performance of the model was compared with three experienced human readers. Results: The test dataset consisted of 469 CT scans from 292 male (average age: 52.30) and 177 female (average age: 53.47) patients. The standalone model had an MAE of 3.192, which was lower than the average radiologists9 MAE of 3.471. The model achieved a precision of 0.69 [0.65, 0.74] and an F1 score of 0.67 [0.62, 0.71], which was significantly superior to the average reader precision of 0.68 [0.65, 0.71] and F1 score of 0.65 [0.63, 0.67]. The model demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.69 [95% CI: 0.65, 0.73] and specificity of 0.83 [95% CI: 0.81, 0.85], which was comparable to the performance of the three human readers, who had an average sensitivity of 0.71 [95% CI: 0.69, 0.73] and specificity of 0.84 [95% CI: 0.83, 0.85]. Conclusion: The AI model provided explainable results and performed at par with human readers in calculating CT severity scores from the chest CT scans of patients affected with COVID-19. The model had a lower MAE than that of the radiologists, indicating that the CTSS calculated by the AI was very close in absolute value to the CTSS determined by the reference standard.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.28.22284027v1" target="_blank">Automated assessment of chest CT severity scores in patients suspected of COVID-19 infection</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Estimated of expected COVID-19 deaths in Mainland China after abandoning zero COVID policy</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: China witnessed a surge of Omicron infections after abandoning zero COVID strategies on December 7, 2022. The authorities report very sparse deaths based on very restricted criteria, but massive deaths are speculated. Methods: We aimed to estimate the COVID-19 fatalities in Mainland China until summer 2023 using the experiences of Hong Kong and of South Korea in 2022 as prototypes. Both these locations experienced massive Omicron waves after having had very few SARS-CoV-2 infections during 2020-2021. We estimated age-stratified infection fatality rates (IFRs) in Hong Kong and South Korea during 2022 and extrapolated to the population age structure of Mainland China. We also accounted separately for deaths of residents in long-term care facilities, which were prominent in Hong Kong. Results: IFR estimates in non-elderly strata were modestly higher in Hong Kong than South Korea and projected 987,455 and 811,571 maximal COVID-19 deaths, respectively, if the entire China population was infected. Expected COVID-19 deaths in Mainland China until summer 2023 ranged from 64,573 to 691,219 assuming 25-70% of the non-elderly population being infected and variable protection of elderly (from none to three-quarter reduction in fatalities). The main analysis (45% of non-elderly population infected and fatality impact among elderly reduced by half) estimated 199,223-249,094 COVID-19 deaths until summer 2023. Large uncertainties exist regarding potential changes in dominant variant, health system strain, and impact on non-COVID-19 deaths. Conclusions: The most critical factor that can affect total COVID-19 fatalities in China is the extent to which the elderly can be protected.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.29.22284048v1" target="_blank">Estimated of expected COVID-19 deaths in Mainland China after abandoning zero COVID policy</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Outcomes After Percutaneous Tracheostomy in Patients with COVID-19: A Single-Center Series of 377 Cases</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Introduction: The COVID 19 pandemic was highlighted by a rise in hospital admissions secondary to respiratory decompensation. This was accompanied by an increase in ICU admissions, endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. As a consequence, tracheostomies became essential in preventing complications of prolonged intubation and to facilitate weaning from sedation and mechanical ventilation. With the lack of international consensus on tracheostomy technique and optimal timing, we present our experience with 377 percutaneous tracheostomies performed on critically ill COVID 19 patients. Objective: To report the outcomes of critically ill patients with COVID 19 who underwent percutaneous tracheostomy during a period of 24 months. Methods: A retrospective single-center electronic chart review was performed on all ICU patients who underwent percutaneous tracheostomy after respiratory failure secondary to COVID 19 between March 2020 to March 2022. Results: A total of 377 percutaneous tracheostomies were performed. The mean duration between intubation and percutaneous tracheostomy was 17.4 days (3 to 61). The study included 222 males (59%) and 155 females (41%). The mean age of patients was 56.2 years (17-94), with a mean BMI was 31.3 (14 to 68). The commonest comorbidities among patients were diabetes mellitus (50%) and hypertension (48%). Complications were encountered in 85 cases (23%), with the commonest overall complication being minor bleeding. 203 patients (54%) were weaned from sedation. The mean duration between tracheostomy and weaning from sedation was 7.5 days (1 to 47 days). 156 patients (41%) were weaned from MV. The mean duration between tracheostomy and weaning from MV was 12.9 days (1 to 58 days). There was a total of 236 (63%) deaths reported during the period of this study. No deaths were attributable to the surgical procedure. Conclusion: Percutaneous tracheostomy can be safely performed in patients with COVID 19. With lack of conclusive objective data regarding the optimal timing for tracheostomy, we recommend that tracheostomy be performed as soon as possible after the 7th day endotracheal intubation. Key Words: Percutaneous tracheostomy, COVID 19, Critically ill, ICU
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.28.22283971v1" target="_blank">Outcomes After Percutaneous Tracheostomy in Patients with COVID-19: A Single-Center Series of 377 Cases</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and longitudinal antibody response following natural infection in pregnancy</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Importance:  Antenatal care provides unique opportunities to assess SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and antibody response duration after natural infection detected during pregnancy; transplacental antibody transfer may inform peripartum and neonatal protection. Objective:  Estimate seroprevalence and durability of antibodies from natural infection (anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) IgG) among pregnant people, and evaluate transplacental transfer efficiency. Design: Seroprevalence study: cross-sectional SARS-CoV-2 antibody screening among pregnant people December 9, 2020-June 19, 2021. Cohort study: Pregnant people screened anti-N IgG+ by Abbott Architect chemiluminescent immunoassay in seroprevalence study or identified through medical records with RT-PCR+ or antigen positive results enrolled in a prospective cohort December 9, 2020-June 30, 2022 to longitudinally measure anti-N IgG responses. We collected cord blood and assessed transplacental transfer of maternally-derived anti-N antibodies. Setting:  Three hospitals and 14 affiliated clinics providing antenatal and delivery care, Seattle, Washington metropolitan area. Participants:  Seroprevalence study: pregnant people were screened for SAR-CoV-2 anti-N IgG during routine care. Cohort study: Pregnant people with evidence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (screened anti-N IgG+ from seroprevalence study or identified with a RT-PCR+ or antigen positive result from medical records) were enrolled in a cohort study to longitudinally measure anti-N IgG responses. Exposure(s) (for observational studies):  COVID-19 diagnosis, symptoms, and disease severity. Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s):  Presence and durability of SARS-CoV-2 anti-N IgG, transplacental transfer of maternally-derived anti-N IgG. Results: Of 1289 pregnant people screened in the seroprevalence study, 5% (65) tested SARS-CoV-2 anti-N IgG+, including 39 (60%) without prior RT-PCR+ or antigen positive results and 53 (82%) without symptoms. Among 89 participants enrolled in the cohort study, 73 (82%) had anti-N IgG+ results during pregnancy. Among 49 participants with delivery samples 33 (67%) were anti-N IgG negative by delivery. Of 24 remaining anti-N IgG+ at delivery with paired cord blood samples, 12 (50%) had efficient transplacental anti-N IgG antibody transfer. Median time from first anti-N IgG to below positive antibody threshold was 17 weeks and did not differ by prior RT-PCR+ or antigen positive status. Conclusions and Relevance: Maternally-derived SARS-CoV-2 antibodies to natural infection may wane before delivery. Vaccines are recommended for pregnant persons to reduce severe illness and confer protection to infants.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.28.22284017v1" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and longitudinal antibody response following natural infection in pregnancy</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The kinetics of humoral and cellular responses after the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine in inflammatory arthritis patients</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Introduction: Impaired immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccinations in inflammatory arthritis (IA) patients results in diminished immunity. However, optimal booster vaccination regimens are still unknown, due to not unstudied kinetics of the immune response after booster vaccinations. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the kinetics of humoral and cellular responses in IA patients after the COVID-19 booster. Patients and Methods: In 29 IA patients and 16 healthy controls (HC) humoral responses (level of IgG antibodies) and cellular responses (IFN-γ production) were assessed before (T0), after 4 weeks (T1), and after more than 6 months (T2) from the booster vaccination with BNT162b2. Results: IA patients, but not HC, showed lower anti-S-IgG concentration and IGRA fold change at T2 compared to T1 (p=0.026 and p=0.031). Furthermore, in IA patients the level of cellular response at T2 returned to the pre-booster level (T0). All immunomodulatory drugs, except IL-6 and IL-17 inhibitors for the humoral and IL-17 inhibitors for the cellular response, impaired the immunogenicity of the booster dose at T2. However, none of the immunomodulatory drugs affected the kinetics of both humoral and cellular responses (measured as the difference between response rates at T1 and T2). Conclusion: Our study showed impaired kinetics of both humoral and cellular responses after the booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine in IA patients, which, in the case of cellular response, did not allow the vaccination effect to be maintained for more than 6 months. Repetitive vaccination with subsequent booster doses seems to be necessary for IA patients.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.28.22284008v1" target="_blank">The kinetics of humoral and cellular responses after the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine in inflammatory arthritis patients</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Association between recent COVID-19 diagnosis on depression and anxiety symptoms among slum residents in Kampala, Uganda</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background An increase in mental health problems has been reported since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little is known about the prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders, and how recent COVID-19 diagnosis may influence risk of these conditions especially in low-income settings. In this study, we assessed the association between recent COVID-19 diagnosis and depressive and anxiety symptoms among residents in an urban slum setting in Uganda. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 284 individuals in a slum settlement in Kampala, Uganda between April and May 2022.  We assessed generalized anxiety and depression symptoms using two validated questionnaires. We collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, and self-reported recent COVID-19 diagnosis (in the previous 30 days). Using a modified Poisson regression, adjusted for age, sex, gender and household income, we separately provided prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the associations between recent COVID-19 diagnosis and depressive and anxiety symptoms. Results Overall, 33.8% and 13.4% of the participants met the depression and generalized anxiety screening criteria respectively. People with recent COVID-19 diagnosis were more likely to be depressed (53.1%) than those with no recent diagnosis (31.4%). Participants who were recently diagnosed with COVID-19 reported higher prevalence of anxiety (34.4%) compared to those with no recent diagnosis of COVID-19 (10.7%). After adjusting for confounding, recent diagnosis with COVID-19 was associated with depression (PR= 1.60, 95% CI 1.09 – 2.34) and anxiety (PR =  2.83, 95% CI 1.50 – 5.31) . Conclusion This study suggests an increased risk of depressive symptoms and GAD in adults following a COVID-19 diagnosis. We recommend additional mental health support for recently diagnosed persons. The long-term of COVID-19 on mental health effects also need to be investigated.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.28.22284012v1" target="_blank">Association between recent COVID-19 diagnosis on depression and anxiety symptoms among slum residents in Kampala, Uganda</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Cost-effectiveness of the second COVID-19 booster vaccination in the United States</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
ABSTRACT Background: On March 29, 2022, the United States (US) authorized the second booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine for individuals aged 50 years and older. To date, the cost-effectiveness of the second booster strategy remains unassessed. Methods: We developed a decision-analytic SEIR-Markov model by five age groups (0-4yrs with 18,827,338 individuals, 5-11yrs with 28,584,443 individuals, 12-17yrs with 26,154,652 individuals, 18-49yrs with 138,769,369 individuals, and 50+yrs with 119,557,943 individuals) to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the second COVID-19 booster vaccination (administered 4 months after the first booster dose) over an evaluation period of 180 days in the US, from a healthcare system perspective. Results: Implementing the second booster strategy among individuals aged 50+ years would cost US$807 million but reduce direct medical care costs by $1,128 million, corresponding to a benefit-cost ratio of 1.40. This strategy would also result in a gain of 1,048 QALYs during the 180 days, indicating it was cost-saving. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the probability of being cost-effective with the strategy was 68%. Further, vaccinating individuals aged 18-49 years with the second booster would result in an additional gain of $1,566 million and 2,276 QALYs. Expanding vaccination to individuals aged 12-17 years would result in an additional gain of $15 million and 89 QALYs. Coverage of the first booster vaccination in age groups under 12 was too low to consider the administration of the second booster. If the social interaction between all age groups was severed, vaccination expansion to 18-49yrs and 12-17yrs would no longer be cost-effective. Conclusion: The second booster strategy was likely to be effective and cost-effective in reducing the disease burden of the COVID-19 pandemic. Expanding the second booster strategy to 18-49yrs and 12-17yrs remains cost-effective due to their social contacts with the older age group. Keywords: COVID-19; Second booster; Cost-effective analysis; SEIR-Markov model; Age groups
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.28.22283986v1" target="_blank">Cost-effectiveness of the second COVID-19 booster vaccination in the United States</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>A Statistical Analysis on COVID-19 Pandemic in the City of Toronto</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
As with many viruses, a main topic of concern that has arisen during the COVID-19 pandemic is the nature of the virus spread and the impact it presents for varying age groups. Using statistical methods and numerical summaries, I analyzed the impact that age has on the incubation period, death rates, and case outcomes of COVID-19 cases in the city of Toronto. The results of this study illustrate that the elderly have shorter incubation periods, higher death rates, and a higher count of cases which result in fatality. The analysis concludes that the impact of COVID-19 is most felt by the elderly.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.28.22284001v1" target="_blank">A Statistical Analysis on COVID-19 Pandemic in the City of Toronto</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Erythromycin, Retapamulin, Pyridoxine, Folic acid, and Ivermectin dose-dependently inhibit cytopathic effect, Papain-like Protease, and MPRO of SARS-CoV-2</strong> -
<div>
We previously showed that Erythromycin, Retapamulin, Pyridoxine, Folic acid and Ivermectin inhibit SARS-COV-2 induced cytopathic effect (CPE) in Vero cells. In this study and using validated quantitative neutral red assay, we show that the inhibition of CPE is concentration dependent with Inhibitory Concentration-50(IC50) of 3.27 microM, 4.23 microM, 9.29 microM, 3.19 microM and 84.31 microM respectively. Furthermore, Erythromycin, Retapamulin, Pyridoxine, Folic acid and Ivermectin dose dependently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like Protease with IC50 of 0.94 microM, 0.88 microM, 1.14 microM, 1.07 microM, 1.51 microM respectively and the main protease(MPRO) with IC50 of 1.35 microM, 1.25 microM, 7.36 microM, 1.15 microM, and 2.44 microM respectively. The IC50 for all the drugs, except ivermectin, are at the clinically achievable plasma concentration in human, which supports a possible role for the drugs in the management of COVID-19. The lack of inhibition of CPE by Ivermectin at clinical concentrations could be part of the explanation for its lack of effectiveness in clinical trials.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.28.522082v1" target="_blank">Erythromycin, Retapamulin, Pyridoxine, Folic acid, and Ivermectin dose-dependently inhibit cytopathic effect, Papain-like Protease, and MPRO of SARS-CoV-2</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins ORF3a and ORF7a modulate autophagic flux and Ca2+ homeostasis in yeast</strong> -
<div>
Virus infection involves the manipulation of key host cell functions by specialized virulence proteins. The SARS-CoV-2 small accessory proteins ORF3a and ORF7a have been implicated in favoring virus replication and spreading by inhibiting the autophagic flux within the host cell. Here, we apply yeast models to gain insights into the physiological functions of both SARS-CoV-2 small ORFs. ORF3a and ORF7a can be stably overexpressed in yeast cells, producing a decrease in cellular fitness. Both proteins show a distinguishable intracellular localization. ORF3a specifically localizes to the vacuolar membrane, whereas ORF7a targets the endoplasmic reticulum. Overexpression of ORF3a and ORF7a leads to the accumulation of Atg8 specific autophagosomes. However, the underlying mechanism is different for each viral protein as assessed by the quantification of the autophagic degradation of Atg8-GFP fusion proteins, which is inhibited by ORF3a and stimulated by ORF7a. Overexpression of both SARS-CoV-2 ORFs decreases cellular fitness upon starvation conditions, where autophagic processes become essential. These data are in agreement with a model where both small ORFs have synergistic functions in stimulating intracellular autophagosome accumulation, ORF3a by inhibiting autophagosome processing at the vacuole and ORF7a by promoting autophagosome formation at the ER. ORF3a has an additional function in Ca2+ homeostasis. The overexpression of ORF3a confers calcineurin-dependent Ca2+ tolerance and activates a Ca2+ sensitive FKS2-luciferase reporter, suggesting a possible ORF3a-mediated Ca2+ efflux from the vacuole. Taken together, we show that viral accessory proteins can be functionally investigated in yeast cells and that SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a and ORF7a proteins interfere with autophagosome formation and processing as well as with Ca2+ homeostasis from distinct cellular targets.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.29.522217v1" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins ORF3a and ORF7a modulate autophagic flux and Ca2+ homeostasis in yeast</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>101-PGC-005 for the Treatment of COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: 101-PGC-005;   Drug: Dexamethasone<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   101 Therapeutics<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Clinical Study to Assess Preliminary Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of HH-120 Nasal Spray in COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: HH-120 Nasal Spray<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Beijing Ditan Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Booster Study in Healthy Adults in Australia</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Bivalent Moderna;   Biological: Novavax<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Murdoch Childrens Research Institute;   Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations;   The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effect of N-Acetylcysteine on Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio And Length of Stay In COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: N-acetyl cysteine<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Universitas Sebelas Maret<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy and Safety of Anti-COVID-19 Antibody SA58 Nasal Spray to Prevent Infection in High-risk Populations</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: SA58 Nasal Spray<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sinovac Life Sciences Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy and Safety of SA58 Nasal Spray in Close Contact With COVID-19 People</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: SA58 Nasal Spray;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Sinovac Life Sciences Co., Ltd.;   Beijing Ditan Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immunogenicity and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccine in Population Aged 18 Years and Above</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: One dose group;   Biological: Two doses group;   Biological: Aged 18-59 years;   Biological: Aged 60 years old and above<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Guangzhou Patronus Biotech Co., Ltd.;   Yantai Patronus Biotech Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy and Safety of Ambervin® and Standard Therapy in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Tyrosyl-D-alanyl-glycyl-phenylalanyl-leucyl-arginine succinate intramuscularly;   Drug: Tyrosyl-D-alanyl-glycyl-phenylalanyl-leucyl-arginine succinate inhaled;   Drug: Standard of care<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Promomed, LLC<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immunogenicity of Heterologous Versus Homologous Prime Boost Schedule With mRNA and Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccines</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: CoronaVac/CoronaVac;   Biological: CoronaVac/BNT162b2<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Institut Pasteur de Tunis<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immunogenicity and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccine as a Booster Vaccination in Population Aged 18 Years and Above</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (CHO Cell) LYB001;   Biological: ZF2001<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Guangzhou Patronus Biotech Co., Ltd.;   Yantai Patronus Biotech Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study of GST-HG171/Ritonavir Compared With Placebo in Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pneumonia<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: GST-HG171/Ritonavir;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Fujian Akeylink Biotechnology Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The COPE Study: Pilot Intervention to Improve Symptom Self-management and Coping in Adults With Post COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Post COVID-19 Condition;   Post-COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: 6-Week Self-Management Group<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University of Washington<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ICBT for Psychological Symptoms Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic Remaining After Societal Opening</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Linkoeping University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ARVAC - A New Recombinant Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccine</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Vaccine<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: ARVAC-CG vaccine (recombinant protein vaccine against SARS-CoV-2)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Laboratorio Pablo Cassara S.R.L.;   Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM);   National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, Argentina<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The KIN-FAST Trial (KIN001 For Accelerated Symptoms Termination) in Non Hospitalized Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: KIN001;   Drug: KIN001-Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Kinarus AG<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Identification and quantitative analysis of bioactive components from <em>Potentilla kleiniana</em> Wight et Arn with anti HIV-1 proteases activity</strong> - Potentilla kleiniana Wight et Arn（PK, ‘Wu Pi Feng’ in Chinese） was recorded as Miao ethnic medicine for treatment of fever, cough, ulcer, and erysipelas for thousands years. This study aimed to evaluate the antiviral activity of four PK extracts and seven compounds by using HIV-1 protease (HIV-1 PR). In addition, Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS) was employed to identify the bioactive components. The toxicity assessment of the extracts…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Targeting SARS-CoV-2 by synthetic dual-acting thiol compounds that inhibit Spike/ACE2 interaction and viral protein production</strong> - The SARS-CoV-2 life cycle is strictly dependent on the environmental redox state that influences both virus entry and replication. A reducing environment impairs the binding of the spike protein (S) to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2), while a highly oxidizing environment is thought to favor S interaction with ACE2. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 interferes with redox homeostasis in infected cells to promote the oxidative folding of its own proteins. Here we demonstrate that synthetic…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cell cycle block by p53 activation reduces SARS-CoV-2 release in infected alveolar basal epithelial A549-hACE2 cells</strong> - SARS-CoV viruses have been shown to downregulate cellular events that control antiviral defenses. They adopt several strategies to silence p53, key molecule for cell homeostasis and immune control, indicating that p53 has a central role in controlling their proliferation in the host. Specific actions are the stabilization of its inhibitor, MDM2, and the interference with its transcriptional activity. The aim of our work was to evaluate a new approach against SARS-CoV-2 by using MDM2 inhibitors…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Molecular Modeling Targeting the ACE2 Receptor with <em>Cannabis sativa</em>’s Active Ingredients for Antiviral Drug Discovery against SARS-CoV-2 Infections</strong> - The emergence of a novel coronavirus that later on rendered a global pandemic, caused desperation within the communities and drove increased interest in exploring medicinal plant-based therapeutics to treat and prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus infections. Many medicinal plants have been reported to have antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects that hinder, cure, or ease the symptoms of COVID-19 infection. This exploratory study seeks to…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>5-(Perylen-3-ylethynyl)uracil as an antiviral scaffold: Potent suppression of enveloped virus reproduction by 3-methyl derivatives in vitro</strong> - Amphipathic nucleoside and non-nucleoside derivatives of pentacyclic aromatic hydrocarbon perylene are known as potent non-cytotoxic broad-spectrum antivirals. Here we report 3-methyl-5-(perylen-3-ylethynyl)-uracil-1-acetic acid and its amides, a new series of compounds based on a 5-(perylen-3-ylethynyl)-uracil scaffold. The compounds demonstrate pronounced in vitro activity against arthropod-borne viruses, namely tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and yellow fever virus (YFV), in plaque…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 replication in airway epithelia requires motile cilia and microvillar reprogramming</strong> - How SARS-CoV-2 penetrates the airway barrier of mucus and periciliary mucins to infect nasal epithelium remains unclear. Using primary nasal epithelial organoid cultures, we found that the virus attaches to motile cilia via the ACE2 receptor. SARS-CoV-2 traverses the mucus layer, using motile cilia as tracks to access the cell body. Depleting cilia blocks infection for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses. SARS-CoV-2 progeny attach to airway microvilli 24 h post-infection and trigger…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Guanylate-binding protein 1 restricts avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus-infected HD11 cells</strong> - The Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV), a coronavirus, is a key avian pathogen that causes acute and highly infectious viral respiratory diseases. IBV is an enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus, and the host factors that restrict infection and replication of the virus remain poorly understood. Guanylate-binding protein 1 (GBP1), an interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-inducible guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase), is a major player in host immunity and provides defense against viral replication. However, the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>CdTe QDs-sensitized TiO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite for magnetic-assisted photoelectrochemical immunoassay of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein</strong> - A sensitive, reliable, and cost-effective detection for SARS-CoV-2 was urgently needed due to the rapid spread of COVID-19. Here, a “signal-on” magnetic-assisted PEC immunosensor was constructed for the quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein based on Z-scheme heterojunction. Fe(3)O(4)<span class="citation" data-cites="SiO">@SiO</span>(2)<span class="citation" data-cites="Au">@Au</span> was used to connect the capture antibody to act as a capture probe (Fe(3)O(4)<span class="citation" data-cites="SiO">@SiO</span>(2)<span class="citation" data-cites="Au/Ab">@Au/Ab</span>(1)). It can extract target analytes selectively in complex samples and multiple electrode…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Silver nanoparticles with excellent biocompatibility block pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 in the presence of lung surfactant</strong> - Silver (Ag) is known to possess antimicrobial properties which is commonly attributed to soluble Ag ions. Here, we showed that Ag nanoparticles (NPs) potently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection using two different pseudovirus neutralization assays. We also evaluated a set of Ag nanoparticles of different sizes with varying surface properties, including polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated and poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)-modified Ag nanoparticles, and found that only the bare (unmodified) nanoparticles…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Suppression of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus replication by resveratrol</strong> - CONCLUSION: These results indicated that resveratrol exerted antiviral effects under various drug treatment and virus infection conditions in vitro and holds promise as a treatment for PHEV infection in vivo.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Characterization of <em>SARS-CoV-2</em> omicron variants from Iran and evaluation of the effect of mutations on the spike, nucleocapsid, ORF8, and ORF9b proteins function</strong> - The SARS-CoV-2 ‘Omicron’ strain, with 15 mutations in the receptor binding domain (RBD), was detected in South Africa and rapidly spread worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 ORF9b protein by binding to the TOM70 receptor and ORF8 protein by binding to MHC-I, IF3 receptors inhibit the host’s immune response. In this study, genomics variations were evaluated for 96 samples isolated from Iran from March to July 2022 using the Nextclade web server and informatics tools. We identified the mutations occurring in the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Molecular insights into the <em>in silico</em> discovery of corilagin from <em>Terminalia chebula</em> as a potential dual inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins</strong> - The spike (S) glycoprotein and nucleocapsid (N) proteins are the crucial pathogenic proteins of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) virus during its interaction with the host. Even FDA-approved drugs like dexamethasone and grazoprevir are not able to curb the viral progression inside the host and are reported with adverse effects on body metabolism. In this context, we aim to report corilagin a novel, potential dual inhibitor of S and N proteins from Terminalia…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Natural and Semi-Synthetic Flavonoid Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Agents for the Treatment of Long COVID-19 Disease and Neurodegenerative Disorders of Cognitive Decline</strong> - The aim of this review is to highlight the beneficial attributes of flavonoids, a diverse family of widely-distributed polyphenolic phytochemicals that have beneficial cell and tissue protective properties. Phytochemicals are widely distributed in plants, herbs and shrubs used in traditional complimentary medical formulations for centuries. The bioactive components that convey beneficial medicinal effects in these complex herbal preparations are now being identified using network pharmacology…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Performance and correlation of ten commercial immunoassays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies</strong> - Accurate immunoassays with a good correlation to neutralizing antibodies are required to support SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, management, vaccine deployment, and epidemiological investigation. We conducted a study to evaluate the performance and correlation of the surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) and other commercial immunoassays. We tested 107 sera of COVID-19 confirmed cases from three different time points, 58 confirmed non-COVID-19 sera, and 52 sera collected before the pandemic with two…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins ORF7a and ORF3a use distinct mechanisms to down-regulate MHC-I surface expression</strong> - Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules, which are dimers of a glycosylated polymorphic transmembrane heavy chain and the small-protein β(2)-microglobulin (β(2)m), bind peptides in the endoplasmic reticulum that are generated by the cytosolic turnover of cellular proteins. In virus-infected cells, these peptides may include those derived from viral proteins. Peptide-MHC-I complexes then traffic through the secretory pathway and are displayed at the cell surface where those…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
<script>AOS.init();</script></body></html>

577
archive-daily-dose/31 December, 2022.html Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,577 @@
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="" xml:lang="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta content="pandoc" name="generator"/>
<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes" name="viewport"/>
<title>31 December, 2022</title>
<style>
code{white-space: pre-wrap;}
span.smallcaps{font-variant: small-caps;}
span.underline{text-decoration: underline;}
div.column{display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 50%;}
div.hanging-indent{margin-left: 1.5em; text-indent: -1.5em;}
ul.task-list{list-style: none;}
</style>
<title>Daily-Dose</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><style>*{overflow-x:hidden;}</style><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
<body>
<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Case for Wearing Masks Forever</strong> - A ragtag coalition of public-health activists believe that America’s pandemic restrictions are too lax—and they say they have the science to prove it. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-activism/the-case-for-wearing-masks-forever">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>From Climate Exhortation to Climate Execution</strong> - The Inflation Reduction Act finally offers a chance for widespread change. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/from-climate-exhortation-to-climate-execution">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Kirk Douglas, the Guitarist for the Roots, Revamps the Holiday Classics</strong> - A bona-fide guitar hero puts a fresh spin on some holiday classics. And the former United States Poet Laureate Tracy K. Smith on reading poetry across the political divide. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/podcast/the-new-yorker-radio-hour/kirk-douglas-the-guitarist-for-the-roots-revamps-the-holiday-classics">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Water Wranglers of the West Are Struggling to Save the Colorado River</strong> - Farmers, bureaucrats, and water negotiators converged on Caesars Palace, in Las Vegas, to fight over the future of the drought-stricken Southwest. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-the-southwest/the-water-wranglers-of-the-west-are-struggling-to-save-the-colorado-river">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Devastating New History of the January 6th Insurrection</strong> - The House report describes both a catastrophe and a way forward. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/american-chronicles/the-devastating-new-history-of-the-january-sixth-insurrection">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Kyrsten Sinema made Arizona’s next Senate race even more chaotic</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/KJJKqwycI4qTNRCqVnXh3mWvQC4=/289x0:3756x2600/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71809568/1244838884a.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Sen. Kyrsten Sinema (D-AZ) smiles while talking to reporters after leaving the Senate chamber following a procedural vote on federal legislation protecting same-sex marriages in November. | Kent Nishimura/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Three key questions to consider for 2024’s Senate contest.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9HNxvq">
Kyrsten Sinema, the country’s newest independent senator, didn’t exactly surprise Washington <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/23501599/kyrsten-sinema-inevitable-democrat-arizona-2024">when she announced</a> earlier this month that she was leaving the Democratic Party. Arizona’s senior senator has had a long streak of bucking her old party’s line, frustrating Democrats in her home state and in Congress, while befuddling pundits, constituents, and journalists about <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/pick-me-girls-and-the-identity-politics-of-kyrsten-sinema">why she legislates the way she does</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zkTNE8">
But her choice to go independent was shocking for many Arizonans, including some in the Arizona Democratic Party and <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2022/12/kyrsten-sinema-leaves-democrat-party-independent-volunteers/672455/">former campaign volunteers and canvassers</a>, who were expecting a drawn-out primary fight to ensue ahead of the 2024 general election, when Sinema’s seat will be one of 23 Democrats have to defend to keep a Senate majority.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KdLOCj">
Even before Sinema’s announcement, Arizona’s 2024 Senate contest was shaping up to be chaos: Potential Democratic challengers were mobilizing, and the state’s Republican Party is in the throes of another civil war between its Trumpist, election-denying factions and conventional, business-friendly conservatives. Now, the prospect of a three-way Senate contest with a serious, well-funded independent incumbent during a potential Biden-Trump presidential rematch is almost hard to comprehend.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qHEhFd">
But while most attention since Sinema’s announcement has been on whether she would be a spoiler candidate for the Democrats or how angry people feel at her decision, there are a few other important questions to consider. Here are three of the most important.
</p>
<h3 id="oeasHP">
<strong>Will Kyrsten Sinema run at all?</strong>
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cQ4jb9">
Whether Sinema runs again remains an open question.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qdhciE">
At the moment, she has taken the perfunctory step of <a href="https://docquery.fec.gov/cgi-bin/forms/S8AZ00197/1672721">filing a statement of candidacy</a> with the Federal Election Commission to begin the campaign process, though she hasn’t formally announced a reelection bid. A spokesperson for Sinema did not respond to a request for comment.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QIYu7L">
Still, the conventional wisdom is that she will run, and that her decision to become an independent was a way for her to avoid having to run in a Democratic primary contest that she would almost definitely lose. Public and private polling by different pollsters and campaigns over <a href="https://www.dataforprogress.org/blog/2021/10/14/kyrsten-sinema-poised-to-lose-democratic-primary-in-2024">the</a><a href="https://blog.ohpredictive.com/press-releases/democrats-support-ousting-sinema-in-2024-primary"> last year</a><a href="https://blog.ohpredictive.com/press-releases/sinema-sinks-deeper-underwater-after-voting-reforms-fail"> and</a><a href="https://www.dataforprogress.org/blog/2022/1/26/poll-arizona-senator-kyrsten-sinema-set-to-be-unseated-by-possible-challenger-ruben-gallego-in-2024-primary-landslide"> a</a><a href="https://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/research/surveys_statistics/politics/2022/aarp-arizona-2022-elections-voter-survey-governor.doi.10.26419-2Fres.00550.011.pdf"> half</a> all show that she is very unpopular among Democrats in the state, and generally unpopular across the <a href="https://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/research/surveys_statistics/politics/2022/aarp-arizona-2022-elections-voter-survey-governor.doi.10.26419-2Fres.00550.011.pdf">board</a> with white voters and voters of color, voters who are college-educated and not, and men and women.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Bstuxu">
In interviews during the media rollout of her announcement, she’s been cagey about saying whether she will run again. On social media, her <a href="https://twitter.com/kyrstensinema/status/1603077897170092032?s=20&amp;t=KX3hkU3q-m2nq-BBAazs4w">personal Twitter account</a> has promoted messages from Arizona local radio interviews in which voters say they would support Sinema in another race.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Fz3laH">
And on YouTube, her political account shared a<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ogIo2dQBAcA"> campaign-style video</a> explaining why she was leaving the Democrats on the day she broke the news. It included a line about how she expected Arizona voters to feel about her decision: “Arizonans across the state are going to say ‘Yeah, that’s the Kyrsten we elected. That’s who we sent to DC’,” she promised. But she came just short of saying that she hoped to be elected again, or of directing voters to donate money on her campaign website.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="t10umV">
Arizona-based organizers, pollsters, and strategists I spoke to told me that at the moment, it seems like Sinema is testing the waters in her state, seeing what kind of appetite there is for an independent candidate, and waiting to see if state Democrats coalesce around one candidate.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yF7iu9">
“She has always been very strategic. She is two steps ahead of everyone else, of where she’s going,” Mike Noble, a longtime Arizona political strategist and the chief of research at polling firm OH Predictive Insights, told me. Her announcement echoed the decision her predecessor, former Republican Sen. Jeff Flake, had to make in 2017 after breaking with Donald Trump, he said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ihDj6P">
Sinema becoming an independent seems to dare national Democrats to sit out the statewide contest for fear of ceding the race to a Republican. In theory, that could mean her move is a way to get Democrats to support her in 2024. If Democrats choose not to support Sinema, and quickly unite behind one candidate, it could be difficult for her to find the support she’d need to win.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HkHPXJ">
And in that case, there’s a chance that Sinema sees Democrats putting up a fight and ultimately decides not to run.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WZnvqJ">
“I am not convinced that she will actually run,” Alejandra Gomez, the executive director of Living United for Change in Arizona, a progressive Latino organizing group that worked to help Sinema <a href="https://tucson.com/news/local/report-latino-voters-helped-elect-sinema-are-set-to-be-a-force-in-2020/article_bb29681b-2d39-5f1d-bda4-3a64829b4250.html">get elected</a> in 2018 (but opposes her now), told me. “She’s trying to figure out where her allies stand, who her people are, and party loyalty. I think she underestimates Democrats standing behind Democrats.”
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="Kyrsten Sinema arrives to speak to supporters at the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Local 570 in Tucson, Ariz. She is wearing a striped purple, blue, and pink dress and stepping through a doorway into a room filled with supporters and campaign signs." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/2uoBGC4hcEYWj-1nqlidL-vOV4s=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24308922/1052717936.jpg"/> <cite>Bill Clark / CQ Roll Call</cite>
<figcaption>
Kyrsten Sinema campaigns at a local union hall in Tucson, Arizona, during the 2018 senate race.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TCOFfV">
Gomez told me that she thinks Sinema is counting on disunity among Democrats and Republicans during the primary process to open up a lane for both disaffected Democrats and Republicans to back an independent. “She’s faced with a tall order now that she’s put herself in this corner.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VGEyWb">
It’s still an open question of who Sinema’s base would be, and what infrastructure would support her 2024 run if Democrats do run their own candidate:<strong> </strong>Already, her TV ad maker and a top polling firm have stopped working with her, the Huffington Post’s Kevin Robillard <a href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/kyrsten-sinema-democratic-consultants_n_63a22735e4b0f4895adfe33d">reported</a>. The tech firm that manages the state party’s voter database is cutting her access, and another top progressive consulting firm <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2022/12/09/top-progressive-firm-drops-sinema-as-a-client-00073292">dropped her as a client this month</a>. A general election campaign without access to the Democratic Party’s money, voter contact, and outreach apparatus, as well as its energized base during a presidential year, is a serious obstacle. (Sinema currently has about<a href="https://www.fec.gov/data/elections/senate/AZ/2024/"> $8 million in cash on hand</a>.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eNYxWD">
Arizona’s voter pool is split into nearly even thirds between both parties and independents, and Republicans still hold a plurality of registered voters. But those voters with no party preference make up the second-largest group of voters, making them pivotal in statewide elections. In theory, those independent voters would form Sinema’s base, but they have tended to split pretty evenly between both parties in statewide races.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sYQQeg">
There are a number of viable alternatives Sinema could pursue if she doesn’t run, ranging from an appointed position to transitioning into private sector consulting work. She’s already a lecturer at Arizona State University. Whether she pursues any of these hinges on the question of why she even wants to be senator.
</p>
<h3 id="CkIIXg">
<strong>Who would run against Sinema in a general election?</strong>
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IQyF26">
Next year’s primary elections in Arizona might determine whether the state sees a three-way race. It’s a little early for any candidate to officially announce right now — donor networks, polling, and staff hiring must be activated first — but there are plenty of potential candidates.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2mZocG">
Among Democrats, the most obvious challenger to Sinema’s nomination is Rep. Ruben Gallego, the longtime Congress member from Arizona’s recently redrawn Third District. He represents the most Democratic district in the state, which stretches across Phoenix and into parts of Glendale, and has been a vocal critic of Sinema for the last few years. A former Marine, he’s a progressive but <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/23323231/ruben-gallego-arizona-latino-voters">considers himself less ideological and more practical</a> in his work in Congress, and often criticizes his party for not defending its economic proposals to working-class people harder.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9eiJfV">
Rep. Greg Stanton, a more moderate Arizona Democrat, has also been floated as a possible contender by state political strategists as well as national and local media (he fueled that speculation with a tweet showing what appeared to be internal polling showing how he’d perform against Sinema in a primary). A <a href="http://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/news/how-greg-stanton-a-fair-haired-blue-politicked-lawyer-became-phoenixs-next-mayor-6451235">former Phoenix mayor and city council member</a>, he has served in Congress for slightly less time than Gallego, running for Sinema’s old House district in 2018 when she ran for Senate, in the new Fourth District. He’s a member of the New Democrat Coalition and has a more centrist identity, but like almost every other Arizona Democrat, he has <a href="https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/biden-congress-votes/greg-stanton/">voted in line with the president’s agenda</a> every time.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FE82FO">
Other possible competitors in a Democratic primary include Phoenix’s current mayor, Kate Gallego, and Tucson Mayor Regina Romero, though they haven’t spoken about the race.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1ivD8n">
Republicans are much more divided. Coming out of a bruising election year that saw Republican candidates lose nearly all top statewide offices, the party faces a civil war between its current Trump-aligned leadership and the more traditional types that have long succeeded in statewide races. Though the state’s marquee races have been certified and decided, the 2022 campaign is still not over — <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/12/20/23519810/kari-lake-arizona-midterms-lawsuit-election-denier">Kari Lake, the election-denying Republican loser in the gubernatorial race</a>, launched a legal challenge to the results of the election. But she and outgoing Gov. Doug Ducey are probably the two Republicans with widest name recognition in the state.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MNiqpo">
Ducey comes from a more conventional, pro-business conservative tradition that has a history of victory in the state. He served two terms as governor that he won by large margins, including during the 2018 blue wave that also saw Sinema elected. But his sheen has dulled in the aftermath of the 2020 election, when he stood up to Trump’s demands to overturn the results of the presidential election (and faced an onslaught of Trump criticism), endorsed Lake’s main opponent in the 2022 gubernatorial primary, and was used by Lake as a foil for her candidacy (she called him “Do-Nothing Ducey”). Plenty of congressional Republicans<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/republicans-boost-ducey-sinema-2024-arizona-senate-race-2022-12"> want him to run</a>, but just last week he told local reporters that he’s <a href="https://twitter.com/sbarchenger/status/1602713336155721728?s=20&amp;t=t1dQ0cRhUzMoxet-Rci3FA">not considering a Senate run</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="a9WktK">
The primary opponent Ducey and other establishment Republicans supported against Lake is also a potential contender: Karrin Taylor Robson, the lawyer and housing developer who lent herself $18 million to run a largely<a href="https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/politics/elections/2022/10/20/arizona-governor-race-doug-ducey-aims-keep-fights-kari-lake-past/10555409002/"> self-funded</a> race, has been especially vocal about the need for Arizona’s Republican Party to change directions before losing another general election. She’s criticized the state party, called for the state chair, election conspiracist Kelli Ward, to step down from leadership, and has branded Lake a fake Republican and a grifter.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cZHAMZ">
“Our party, in particular in Arizona, was hijacked by fake Republicans,” Robson told me. “I’ve said now, many times: Kelli Ward, and the Arizona GOP, has been an unmitigated disaster. And we have to get back to a place where we know how to win and we do it based on conservative principles.”
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="Karrin Taylor Robson shakes hands and greets supporters during a Republican primary campaign rally in Arizona in August 2022." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/YNfZcwKnmAVY3tkUSD3ZKa2I6hE=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24308938/1412369775.jpg"/> <cite>Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Former Arizona gubernatorial candidate Karrin Taylor Robson greets supporters during a campaign rally in August 2022, ahead of the Republican primary.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TQ4LSn">
Robson told me she is not ruling out running for statewide office again: “I was taught to leave my options open and give myself as many options as possible. But it’s too early to say.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FxSjSU">
Whether Ducey or Robson can win a Republican primary will depend on how Arizona Republican voters decide to answer the central, existential question that faces them: to continue backing Trump, Lake, election denialism, and more divisive, right-wing politics, or return to the kind of mainstream conservatism represented by John McCain and the pre-Trump Republican Party.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zdVZaY">
There are plenty of names that could occupy the former space: Lake, Ward, Rep. Andy Biggs, Pinal County Sheriff Mark Lamb, and failed 2022 Senate candidate Blake Masters.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dHJxXj">
There aren’t many who could champion the latter.
</p>
<h3 id="aLzz7t">
<strong>Who benefits from a three-way race?</strong>
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qf0Izp">
Now consider this: If Sinema did run as an independent, against both Republican and Democratic nominees, would she pull votes away from the Republican, the Democrat, or both?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EP5HV4">
Plenty of reporting and punditry has assumed that a three-way race would hand the Senate seat to the GOP — that Democrats might nominate someone too far to the left to win a general election, which would push independents and moderate Democrats to vote for Sinema or the Republican.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kqfhP5">
But that ignores the very real problems Arizona Republicans are having right now: their inability to move away from Trump and his brand of politics.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="79ch4j">
Robson told me she hopes state leadership recognizes that most Arizona voters don’t want to keep this antagonistic, bombastic, and combative style of politics going for another cycle. “As I traveled around the state in my campaign, most people out there just want to live their lives,” she told me. “They’re tired of the fighting, and unfortunately, today’s Arizona Republican Party, led by Kelli Ward and magnified by Kari Lake, is all about dividing and tearing people apart, as opposed to bringing people together.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SaVg7X">
For now, it doesn’t seem like establishment Republicans have the upper hand. But should they manage to coalesce around a figure like Robson, Ducey, or state treasurer<a href="https://www.azcentral.com/story/opinion/op-ed/2022/12/02/arizona-treasurer-kimberly-yee-explains-campaign-2022-win/69688999007/"> Kimberly Yee</a> (who just won reelection by 11 points with <a href="https://fronterasdesk.org/content/1830204/elvia-d-az-kimberly-yee-attributes-reelection-win-talking-all-arizonans#expanded">a more moderate tone</a>), they would pose a serious threat to both Sinema and a Democratic nominee, Noble, the Arizona pollster, told me.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lXsBhP">
“Sinema is banking on Arizona voters to reward her in a hyper-partisan climate, and on filling that void of a Democrat version of John McCain,” he said. “Someone that is a center-right Republican versus the current MAGA Republican, that would be your biggest threat, because it makes the numbers much bigger of a challenge and much less feasible for her.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Ixqfbo">
Her best case is having Democrats choose a progressive like Gallego, and having Republicans pick a far-right candidate, giving her an opening for moderates from both parties to join independents in voting for her. No candidate needs a majority, so she could theoretically win a plurality.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dF9JBz">
For that to work, voters would need to disapprove of those candidates by a bigger margin than they currently dislike her (which, even among independents, is a <a href="https://civiqs.com/documents/Civiqs_AZ_banner_book_2022_11_4t7yks.pdf">high</a><a href="https://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/research/surveys_statistics/politics/2022/aarp-arizona-2022-elections-voter-survey-governor.doi.10.26419-2Fres.00550.011.pdf"> bar</a>). Recent <a href="https://mailchi.mp/802647d37bde/new-poll-ruben-gallego-strongest-candidate-for-2024-az-senate-race?e=1a852947a8">polling commissioned by Gallego</a> shows that not to be the case — even with Sinema running, a theoretical Lake vs. Gallego vs. Sinema matchup is still a toss-up. All this happening during a presidential year means an even more difficult time trying to buy ad time, novel strategies to turn out voters who are thinking in binary ways, and running a campaign without institutional support.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="licwdp">
Of course, the only way we’ll actually know any of this for sure is to see the campaign play out. Buckle up.
</p></li>
<li><strong>What Noah Baumbach’s White Noise is really about</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A family in 1980s garb." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/qRU9t2HALX2jLfgVQVzSAT-ALrQ=/277x0:3477x2400/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71806600/WG_20210820_04152_CR.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Greta Gerwig, May Nivola, Adam Driver, Samuel Nivola, and Raffey Cassidy in <em>White Noise</em>. | Wilson Webb / Netflix
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Death, supermarkets, and an airborne toxic event.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZyEvv9">
There’s a white noise machine in my bedroom. I got it to block the sounds of traffic from the busy avenue outside my window, but years ago we moved our bedroom to the back of the apartment. Now technically unnecessary, the white noise machine still goes on every night. I’ve downloaded two different apps on my phone to simulate the sound when I travel. That staticky low hum is imperative; I can’t sleep without it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zh9crB">
I hate depending on a machine for my basic survival, but without it I’ll stare at the ceiling for hours, contemplating my existence, and I guess that’s sort of Don DeLillo’s point in <em>White Noise</em>. The 1985 novel is a <a href="https://go.skimresources.com?id=1025X1701643&amp;xs=1&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fbookshop.org%2Fp%2Fbooks%2Fwhite-noise-penguin-orange-collection-don-delillo%2F6674350%3Fean%3D9780143129554&amp;xcust=vox122122">classic of postmodern fiction</a>, long considered “unadaptable” for reasons that become more clear when you read it. It’s a funny novel that keeps shapeshifting, making the reader feel the friction between lives dominated by consumerism and consumption and technology on the one hand, and the weight of mortality on the other.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kksX3o">
Noah Baumbach’s new film adaptation of the novel is a valiant attempt to capture DeLillo’s book, but the result is a movie so faithful to the original work that it comes very close to not working. It’s 1984 and Jack Gladney (Adam Driver) is a middle-aged college professor and head of the Hitler Studies department, which he created. He lives with his wife Babette (Greta Gerwig) in a rambling old house full of their children, mostly from previous marriages. His courses in Hitler Studies — like a seminar, for instance, that examines his speeches — are wildly popular, and his colleague Murray Siskind (Don Cheadle) wants Jack’s help in creating a parallel Elvis Studies department. But everything gets weirdly upended when a toxic cloud suddenly forms on the horizon, which the news calls the “airborne toxic event.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HZEOyj">
People can, and do, write <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1208561">lengthy</a> <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25112247">peer</a>-<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3831638">reviewed</a> <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40588075">papers</a> and dissertations on <em>White Noise, </em>because it is not really just a story, though it’s plenty entertaining on the surface. It’s actually kind of amazing what DeLillo managed to pack into the novel. For instance: Hitler Studies? What a strange and largely unremarked-upon choice — but the movie and the novel treat this as if it’s a totally normal sort of academic department to found.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="34hU2P">
Or what about all of these lists and litanies of brands that pop up repeatedly? In the film, this translates into many scenes in a brightly colored supermarket with prominently displayed, period-appropriate products, laundry detergents and milk and particular types of gum. In the novel, we get periodic bursts in the text that become weirdly specific little lists. Following a musing on how much he loves Babette, Jack suddenly interjects, “The Airport Marriott, the Downtown Travelodge, the Sheraton Inn and Conference Center.”
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="A family in a station wagon are screaming." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/CN5t3hl_oSpvcbJiAjEWKxAwn-A=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24308688/1_SWO_064_0190_CMP_RUS_V0005.0001021.jpg"/> <cite>Netflix</cite>
<figcaption>
Airborne toxic event: Terrifying!
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NmyDz0">
Or what about the ever-present televisions? They’re everywhere in <em>White Noise</em>, set in an era when the internet hadn’t yet blanketed the world. “I’ve come to understand that the medium is a primal force in the American home,” Siskind tells Jack. “Sealed-off, timeless, self-contained, self-referring. It’s like a myth being born right there in our living room, like something we know in a dreamlike and preconscious way.” On Friday nights, Jack and his family gather in front of the TV set not to watch movies or sitcoms, but to watch disasters happen on the news — “floods, earthquakes, mud slides, erupting volcanoes.” They’re transfixed, because “every disaster made us wish for more, for something bigger, grander, more sweeping.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="27s7m5">
A colleague later tells Jack that this is because “we’re suffering from brain fade. We need an occasional catastrophe to break up the incessant bombardment of information.” Reading or hearing that in 2022, in an age of constant manufactured outrage, it seems almost too prescient.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="50dCsS">
Other strange things happen throughout the novel, some of which pop up in the movie, too. Jack can’t really believe that a disaster would happen to him because he is a well-off college professor, not the kind of person to whom disasters happen — which is to say, a person on TV. The distance the TV has put between him and reality has seeped into his existence.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="06VkL9">
And yet, the frightening airborne toxic disaster ends rather abruptly; DeLillo (and Baumbach) give us the comical and disorienting experience of jumping right back into reality, Murray and Jack strolling through the grocery store again. As if “reality” — even reality as overwhelming as a toxic airborne cloud or, say, a pandemic — can’t impinge too long on the white noise.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lPt1Gi">
This bleed between what’s on TV and what’s real is part of the fabric of the novel. Jack frequently muses on misinformation and disinformation (“the family is the cradle of the world’s misinformation,” he says at one point) — something that comes from the human brain’s inability to process everything flying at it, and our need to make sense of it with conspiracy theories. Characters suddenly start talking strangely, and you realize they’ve slipped into the cadence of a sitcom or a thriller. A group of college professors insults one another over their pop culture knowledge, which starts to make sense when you remember that pop culture is the lingua franca of modern life, the thing that feels more real than our own lives, the shared experience between us.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<aside id="P9qfbM">
<q>All of this white noise we’ve generated for ourselves — a drive to buy things, a fascination with catastrophes, technologies always humming in the background — is a way of distracting ourselves from the horrifying realization that we will die</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YvhH8I">
For the movie adaptation, Baumbach strips out a lot of the theoretical underpinnings of the novel, though they’re still there if you’re looking for them. He instead focuses on the larger existential point at the heart of the novel: that all of this white noise we’ve generated for ourselves — a drive to buy things, a fascination with catastrophes, technologies always humming in the background — is a way of distracting ourselves from the horrifying realization that we will die. Actual disasters <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2020/8/5/21352779/she-dies-tomorrow-review">bring us into confrontation</a> with that inevitability, but we try to push them away as fast as we can. It’s why people become obsessed with celebrities (like Elvis) or leaders who falsely promise us the world (like Hitler); in becoming part of a crowd, in losing ourselves to the emotional high of the performer, we can stop the feeling for a while.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TtXhBK">
Frankly, this choice on Baumbach’s part is a little bit of a disappointment. Moving a story that’s about screens to the screen practically begs for some formal inventiveness, some way to not just make the audience watch the story unfold but feel it, to experience what the characters are experiencing, which could, in turn, enhance the emotional impact.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="r3oShf">
But it is, after all, a very talky and theoretical novel. And perhaps a faithful adaptation is all we can ask for, though it loses some of the humor and bizarreness of the source material thereby.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="Adam Driver in a car in White Noise. It’s moody lighting, and there’s a motel sign behind him." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/1nctCbWpKpMVZ-ZGmcM-wf39_98=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24308690/WG_20210923_06757_R2.jpg"/> <cite>Wilson Webb / Netflix</cite>
<figcaption>
When <em>White Noise</em> becomes noir.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2ZvL81">
One omission, though, made me especially sad, because the key to <em>White Noise</em> lies in an indelible early scene in the novel. Murray brings Jack to a local tourist attraction that he wants to see, and that Jack has never gotten around to seeing. It’s called “the most photographed barn in America,” and they start seeing signs for it long before they get there. When they arrive, there are “forty cars and a tour bus” in the lot, and a lot of people standing nearby with photographic gear, taking pictures of the barn.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Br6flF">
“No one sees the barn,” Murray tells Jack. “Once you’ve seen the signs about the barn, it becomes impossible to see the barn.” He paints it in almost religious terms: “Being here is kind of a spiritual surrender. We see only what the others see. The thousands who were here in the past, those who will come in the future. We’ve agreed to be part of a collective perception. This literally colors our vision. A religious experience in a way, like all tourism.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qpshIg">
In the end, he says, “They are taking pictures of taking pictures.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LNSk2M">
Murray’s idea, this somewhat absurdist idea of a “most photographed barn” that’s remarkable simply for being remarkable, snaps the whole of <em>White Noise</em> into focus. There’s not too much difference between the tourists traveling to photograph an unremarkable barn and the ways we all snap pictures of things that have been photographed a million billion times: the Eiffel Tower, the Statue of Liberty, the Golden Gate Bridge, whatever. Why do we do it? Because we’ve seen pictures of it, and want to prove that we were there too. “There,” not just in Paris or New York or San Francisco, but in the world. We want for a second to break our mediated reality and put down a marker. A photo is a way to stake a claim on reality, to put a frame around existence: We were here. We lived. We mattered.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cVNNng">
And someday we won’t be here, but nobody wants to think about that right now.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Wrh2Jq">
At the end of the novel, and of the movie, Jack is in line at the grocery store again, watching people going about their business, looking through the rich array of consumer products. “Everything we need that is not food or love is here in the tabloid racks,” he concludes. “The tales of the supernatural and the extraterrestrial. The miracle vitamins, the cures for cancer, the remedies for obesity. The cults of the famous and the dead.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KsYpgI">
<em>White Noise</em> is about the barriers between us and reality that we’ve built to distract ourselves from our own mortality. But like the white noise machine I need to sleep, even though there’s nothing to drown out anymore, we’ve become so dependent on our cultural white noise that the idea of living without it is almost unbearable. Call it the human condition or whatever you want: It’s how we deal with the ways we all stare at the ceiling, contemplating existence, hoping we will have meant something, in the end.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="epGy5G">
White Noise <em>is streaming on Netflix.</em>
</p></li>
<li><strong>Democrats made historic gains at the state level. Can they build on them?</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/MEChMT2qGgqbMKzDu7UaLjp2wWQ=/2x0:2669x2000/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71806363/GettyImages_1244419856a.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Michigan state Rep. Kyra Bolden speaks during a Get Out the Vote Rally in Detroit on October 29, ahead of the midterm elections. | Dominick Sokotoff/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Democrats’ wins in the Michigan, Minnesota, and Pennsylvania state legislatures are fragile.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dj3hnH">
Democrats had good results in the November midterm elections, but particularly so in state capitols. Whether they can repeat their performance remains an open question.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="M0eNej">
They defended slim majorities, and flipped a few chambers in the key battleground states including Pennsylvania, Michigan, and Minnesota. <s></s>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="acni0E">
It’s the <a href="https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/2022-governor-state-government/">first time since 1934</a> that the party of the incumbent president didn’t lose a single state legislative chamber. This year’s midterms were an uncharacteristically strong showing from Democrats, who have previously struggled to compete with more than a decade of Republican dominance at the state level. Democratic state legislatures now <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/12/08/democrat-state-government-trifecta-americans/">govern more people</a> than those controlled by Republicans, even though the GOP still won marginally more seats overall.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7cNkJE">
But people who have been working on building Democratic power in the states for years say it’s not a transformation that occurred overnight, nor is it complete. The majorities that Democrats held and won are narrow and vulnerable. They face a persistent problem of down-ballot roll-off, where Democrats at the top of the ticket outperform state legislative candidates. And Republicans still control a <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Election_results,_2022:_State_legislatures">big majority</a> of state legislative chambers, with a well-oiled political machine designed to help them maintain that control.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OaxtbL">
It will take more investment — in terms of time, money, and organization — to not only shore up those Democratic majorities, but to go on offense. The stakes have perhaps never been higher, as state legislatures are ground zero for some of the biggest political questions facing the country, including the future of abortion rights and elections.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oYia0Q">
“Democrats are tardy to the party,” said Lala Wu, the co-founder and director of Sister District, a group that aims to flip Republican-controlled state legislative chambers. “Republicans have been working to get these ideas into folks’ heads, from the academy to mass media to voters. They’ve always talked about local and state control and federalism. And Democrats have unfortunately just rested too much and overrelied on federal power.”
</p>
<h3 id="K9lAM1">
How Republicans consolidated power at the state level
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2zrcCd">
Republicans have long dominated at the state level, controlling <a href="https://www.axios.com/2022/08/09/party-control-state-legislature-republicans">more state legislative seats</a> than Democrats since 2010. They have become incubators for national Republican policy, with states like Texas and Florida recently leading the way on controversial topics, including, for example, limiting discussion of racism and LGBTQ issues in public schools.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JnKIt0">
Republicans’ success at the state level is the product of a multi-decade effort that dates back to at least 1994. That year, former Republican House Speaker Newt Gingrich debuted his “Contract with America,” which set a unified, 10-point agenda for GOP candidates nationwide that <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/past/docs/unbound/jfnpr/jfreview.htm">focused</a> on increasing defense funding, welfare reform, an expansion of US prisons, and delivering tax cuts, primarily for corporations and wealthy Americans.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/LmfMSJluFrpUGCJ81qh4VW5Kx_o=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24289284/GettyImages_583657432a.jpg"/> <cite>Erik Freeland/Corbis via Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Then-House Speaker Newt Gingrich addresses a Republican rally on Capitol Hill upon completion of the “Contract With America” on April 7, 1995.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ok2nwh">
Republicans went on to win the US House for the first time since 1954 that year, and captured both chambers <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/02/18/republicans-now-enjoy-unmatched-power-states-it-was-40-year-effort/">across 19 state legislatures</a>. Those victories paved the way for a network of conservative organizations — including the American Legislative Exchange Council, also known as ALEC — to flourish, bolstering a policy-focused approach to Republican politics at the state level.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xxoFB7">
Founded in 1973 by right-wing activists and state legislators, ALEC became what Gingrich has described as the “<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K6hndyiPkI8">the most effective organization</a>” at developing state policies that advance conservatism and federalism. It functions as a membership-based organization for corporations and state lawmakers to cooperate in drafting model legislation that can be easily replicated and adapted across the nation. An investigation by <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/investigations/2019/04/03/alec-american-legislative-exchange-council-model-bills-republican-conservative-devos-gingrich/3162357002/">USA TODAY, the Arizona Republic and the Center for Public Integrity</a> found that, from 2010 to 2018, model bills developed by ALEC were introduced almost 2,900 times and ultimately became law in over 600 cases.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0dA0vk">
“They’re really effective at originating and then disseminating and experimenting with conservative legislation and having it transfer around from state to state,” Wu said. (ALEC did not respond to a request for comment.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="myegEM">
That sort of centralized policymaking and planning boosted Republicans as they pursued their so-called “<a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/06/27/ratfcked-the-influence-of-redistricting">REDMAP</a>” strategy, or “Redistricting Majority Project,” in 2010. Under that plan, the party poured money into unseating vulnerable Democrats and flipping chambers in the leadup to redistricting, the decennial process in which states — usually led by legislatures — determine legislative districts based on census data. And the work of ALEC, and others, gave the party a unified message to run on.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jtPx9k">
It was a seismic shift in terms of how Republicans approached redistricting, ushering in a new era of state and national coordination, said Jason Cabel Roe, a GOP strategist in Michigan. Their nationalized policy platform also helped Republicans foster confidence among the electorate, and to cement their reputation as the party of fiscal responsibility: “People generally will trust Republicans to be better stewards of tax money and delivering services,” Cabel Roe said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="b7lbD9">
That year, Republicans took control of both chambers in <a href="https://www.ncsl.org/documents/statevote/2010_Legis_and_State_post.pdf">25 states</a>, including several that they hadn’t controlled since the 1870s. Consequently, they were able to preside over the redistricting in 2010 and again in 2020, creating electoral maps that would make it hard for Democrats to claw their way back into power.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="F4tMtY">
“The Republican REDMAP strategy enabled them to have a really striking takeover of state legislatures and to gerrymander themselves to power for the next decade. And unfortunately, we’re still feeling the effects of that,” Wu said.
</p>
<h3 id="K3sSO7">
What Democrats did right in 2022
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fjO5rQ">
This election cycle saw historic investment in state legislative contests by Democrats after years of being severely outspent and of losing by hundreds or even tens of votes in critical races.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qateAy">
Jessica Post, president of the Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee — the fundraising arm of the Democratic Party dedicated to state legislative races — said that the DLCC spent more than $53 million this cycle, <a href="https://dlcc.org/blog/dlcc-report-how-we-won-in-2018/">$18 million more</a> than it did in 2018. By comparison, the DLCC’s GOP counterpart, the Republican State Leadership Committee, spent <a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/527s/527cmtedetail.php?ein=050532524">about $42 million</a>, less than half what it spent in 2020 as redistricting loomed, and about $7 million less than it spent in 2018. The DLCC also sent a team of finance directors to work with state legislative leaders and raise a total of $105 million, mostly from their safe incumbents, to bolster their bids for majorities.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ydOUHw">
Outside groups, including the Democratic-aligned Forward Majority PAC and the States Project, a group focused on advancing Democratic power at the state level, were also big players.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/PLgRJqWePgfjjg1C6HLqOrFbNHY=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24291969/AP22313738982277a.jpg"/> <cite>Trisha Ahmed/Report for America via AP</cite>
<figcaption>
Democratic state Sen. Erin Murphy speaks at the Minnesota State Capitol in St. Paul on November 9. Minnesota Democrats defied expectations in the midterm elections, winning the governor’s race and both houses of the Legislature to take full control of state government for the first time in eight years.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sHT5cV">
Forward Majority has a <a href="https://forwardmajority.org/news/blueprint-for-power/">10-year plan</a> to spend about $70 million in these contests, including <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/19/us/politics/forward-majority-state-legislative-races.html">$20 million </a>that it already dropped this election cycle. Its strategy is to develop a large-scale operation to compete aggressively in the most important tipping point state legislative races. And the goal this year was to help Democrats try to win dozens of seats across Michigan, Pennsylvania, Minnesota, and Arizona that would deliver chamber flips. Forward Majority also went after seats in Georgia and Texas aimed at strengthening the Democratic caucus in those states. The group ended up helping clinch wins in at least 48 of the 61 <a href="https://forwardmajority.org/states/texas/">total seats it targeted</a>. The States Project <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/23/us/politics/state-legislature-races.html">spent $60 million</a> across Arizona, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Maine, and Nevada in 2022, investing in many of the same seats as Forward Majority.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4viQQO">
A little can go a long way in state legislative contests. Contributions of $500 to $1,000 can be a “consequential investment,” especially in a state like New Hampshire, where there are 400 legislators in the state House presiding over small districts and Democrats are just three seats away from retaking the majority, Post said. But some races are more expensive than others; Post said that the DLCC spent $23 million, almost half of its resources this cycle, to flip the Michigan Senate alone.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="f19qgZ">
Adam Pritzker, one of the States Project’s founding partners, said that national Democrats still need to devote more resources to state legislatures: The Democratic National Committee did not contribute a single dollar to the DLCC this cycle.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0eIRkI">
“The national party really failed to appropriately invest. I hope we can rectify that going forward,” he said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="x6pbhn">
Post said that the DLCC has been “ringing the alarm on that resource gap” since she first joined in 2016, and that additional investment from national Democrats will be necessary both to defend new majorities and make states like Texas more competitive.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hAaIpS">
Beyond the dollar amount spent, Democratic groups employed their other resources strategically this cycle as well.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lCWydJ">
Post said that she had a “no surprises” policy going into 2022. That meant hiring regional political directors who could engage deeply in the states under their purview, and do so early in the cycle while keeping eyes on the entire map. In addition to vying for new majorities, the DLCC wanted to ward off potential losses in longstanding Democratic chambers, including those that were not considered to be competitive, but turned out to be, such as the Nevada Assembly and the Oregon House.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dGz50d">
“I think we did a really good job of watching our flank,” Post said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jrte5A">
Pritzker said that the States Project also saw success in supporting these kinds of organizational efforts. His group invested in professionalizing campaigns by helping them hire staff, running tested TV ads that were unique to each race, helping candidates get local press, and incentivizing candidates to knock on doors rather than dialing for dollars.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rx9lPZ">
“Most of this stuff is best practices in every major House and Senate campaign in America. We just brought that same toolkit to these races,” he said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OF03mv">
Forward Majority’s co-founder Vicky Hausman said that the organization searched for “every single unexploited opportunity at the district and race level that allows us to fight for the votes that no one else is targeting at this stage.” For example, it collected 20,000 voter registration applications in neglected districts where Republicans made up half the electorate in an attempt to boost Democrats’ edge.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jiToyD">
Factors in the national political environment also broke Democrats’ way. New electoral maps drawn by independent commissions made some battles for control of state legislatures more competitive, <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/10/31/23433107/michigan-legislature-elections-abortion">including in Michigan</a>. And the US Supreme Court’s decision to overturn <em>Roe v. Wade </em>appeared to significantly boost Democratic enthusiasm up and down the ballot.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/CtPJeuTMnG_ReMSKyvtxCCVdjBg=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24292151/AP22325825521205a.jpg"/> <cite>Carlos Osorio/AP</cite>
<figcaption>
Protesters attend a meeting of Michigan’s new Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission in Lansing, Michigan, on October 21, 2021. An Associated Press analysis of election data indicates Michigan’s new state legislative districts reduced the built-in advantage Republicans had enjoyed over the previous decade.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UYuW5E">
Both the DLCC and outside funders foresaw the opportunity presented by the national environment, and crafted a narrative about the imperative need to aggressively push back against Republican dominance at this particular political moment. Democrats worried that state Republicans in critical battlegrounds, including those who campaigned on the notion that they would have attempted to subvert the election in 2020, would be well-positioned to try to overturn the results in 2024. And they feared that state Republicans would try to enact further restrictions on abortion or enforce pre-<em>Roe</em> bans in some states. As Post wrote in a <a href="https://dlcc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/DLCC_2022_Victory_Memo.pdf?link_id=3&amp;can_id=7226560220622bd9228c9a89c687a5b0&amp;source=email-new-dlcc-releases-strategy-memo-detailing-historic-midterm-victories&amp;email_referrer=email_1746061&amp;email_subject=new-dlcc-releases-strategy-memo-detailing-historic-midterm-victories">post-election memo</a>, Democrats “drove the narrative of the existential threat the GOP posed to our democracy” and sought to “capitalize on [the abortion issue] at every turn.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rmMmUM">
They were largely able to neutralize those threats, at least for now.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dujS30">
“Most folks we spoke with thought we were crazy to try to flip the legislatures in Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Arizona, given the outlook this year,” Hausman said. “But we knew there were new maps, we knew there were many conflicting data points about the electoral environment we were in. And we knew the consequences and stakes were just too great not to try to compete.”
</p>
<h3 id="6u9Ewz">
How Democrats can defend and build on their progress
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OZ09zL">
Democrats’ historic gains in state legislatures are still fragile. To defend against Republican efforts to retake chambers and to advance their own agenda at a moment when they can’t pass their priorities at the federal level, they will have to invest more heavily in these races going forward. Voting rights legislation, redistricting reform, paid family leave, and other social and economic policies will hinge on it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UPbyBb">
They don’t even have to wait until 2024 to get started. There are elections in Virginia, Mississippi, and Louisiana where Sister District and other organizations will be making plays in 2023. They’re trying to help Democrats take back the House in Virginia, and they see Mississippi and Louisiana as states that suffer from “deep underinvestment where a little bit can go a really long way,” Wu said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5TGF6V">
Then, in 2024, Democrats face the challenge of fending off Republican supermajorities in Wisconsin and North Carolina, and at least holding the line elsewhere.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wHPPbg">
Wu said that Democrats have to be prepared for Republicans to “learn from their mistakes” in the 2022 midterms, namely running low-quality candidates with extreme views who were out of touch with voters. She predicted that they will instead run a playbook that draws on their success in Virginia, where they ran a diverse slate of candidates, focused on local issues <a href="https://www.virginiamercury.com/2022/05/31/youngkin-leveraged-public-education-to-beat-democrats-once-will-they-let-him-do-it-again/">such as public schools</a>, and made strategic early investments.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7da8T5">
To that end, some Republicans in states where Democrats made gains have already started to articulate strategic changes. In Michigan, where Republicans saw some of their most devastating losses this cycle, that includes recruiting “high quality, substantive candidates” — not just those with connections to Trump — and ensuring that they can attract robust fundraising, according to a post-election memo penned by Paul Cordes, the state GOP’s chief of staff, and <a href="https://www.freep.com/story/news/politics/elections/2022/11/10/mich-gop-memo-gives-scathing-post-mortem-on-trump-backed-candidates/69638845007/">obtained by the Detroit Free Press</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8xkceP">
“As a Party, we found ourselves consistently navigating the power struggle between Trump and anti-Trump factions of the Party, mostly within the donor class,” he wrote. “That power struggle ended with too many people on the sidelines and hurt Republicans in key races.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AhFdWC">
Cabel Roe said that without good candidates and money, Republicans in the state were indeed left “trying to figure out a way to stitch all the other elements of a winning campaign together with duct tape and spit.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9l93Vu">
“We’re going to have to make a decision: if we’re going to adopt a more politically attractive image, or if we’re going to continue to just wrap ourselves around a MAGA agenda and lose,” he added.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HKzmBN">
As Republicans regroup, Democrats can’t afford to waste any time in making early investments to bolster their organizing infrastructure, local and state parties, and chamber caucuses.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/1SV-5pCcZb3oCi7sv-Egao8TPo4=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24292173/AP22341607749597a.jpg"/> <cite>Matt Rourke/AP</cite>
<figcaption>
Pennsylvania House Democratic Leader Joanna McClinton speaks in Philadelphia on November 7. Three House seats won by Democrats in November are now vacant, and McClinton has scheduled special elections for all three seats on February 7. Control of the Pennsylvania House depends on the results.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AHHXob">
Year-round and off-year voter contact is also important, and that’s where grassroots organizations can come in: “By the time campaigns are stood up and candidates and staffers are talking to voters in the election context, voters are already primed and ready and understand the importance,” Wu said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kpAgEe">
But Democrats also need to play the long game in state capitols, Hausman said. They need to be building their operations in places where majorities will almost certainly be out of reach for years, including Texas and Georgia.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BMbJG7">
“We need to start investing now in places, geographies, districts, that may not come online for several more election cycles, which will be essential to actually control these chambers before the next redistricting cycle,” she said. “Democrats in no way can rest on their laurels, but very much will need to be, again, aggressively defending these hard-won majorities and continuing to fight.”
</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ahead Of My Time, Supernatural and King’s Ransom caught the eye</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Santorino, Saigon, Mirra, Star Admiral, El Alamein and Tough Cookie impress</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>La Liga 2022/23 Matchday 15 round-up | Benzema scores brace in Madrid win; Sevilla held</strong> - Here are the latest results of football action from La Liga matchday 15 of 38</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Dhanush awaits sponsors despite slew of achievements</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Rishabh Pant likely to be shifted to Delhi; DDCA Director monitoring his health</strong> - While returning from Delhi to Roorkee, Pant’s car collided with the divider on the Narsan border of Roorkee near Hammadpur Jhal on December 30</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>CID chief P.V. Sunil Kumar among three IPS officers promoted to rank of DGP in Andhra Pradesh</strong> - Three 2009 batch IPS officers have been promoted to the rank of Deputy Inspector General of Police</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>BJP will go alone in 2023 Karnataka polls, voting for JD(S) is like casting ballot for Congress: Shah</strong> - “Journalists say there is a triangular fight. I said no, it is a straight fight.”</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Kerala Governor, CM extend New Year greetings</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>NDRF conducts drill simulating gas leak in Mysuru</strong> - The drill was conducted at the AGM Pratham Liquified-to-Compressed Natural Gas (LCNG) station at Hebbal industrial area on the outskirts of Mysuru</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Saji Cherian set to return to Pinarayi Cabinet in Kerala</strong> - CPI(M) State secretariat gives its approval for Chengannur MLA’s return as Minister after the police gave him a clean chit in ‘anti-Constitution speech’ case</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Former Pope Benedict XVI dies at 95</strong> - Benedict, who has died at his Vatican residence, became the first pope to resign for 600 years in 2013.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Explosions heard in Ukraine capital Kyiv - mayor</strong> - Mayor Vitaly Klitschko confirms a series of blasts in the city, as air raid sirens are heard nationwide.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Andrew Tate: Romanian police to hold influencer for 30 days</strong> - The controversial influencer is detained in an investigation into rape and human trafficking.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>China Covid: France, Spain, S Korea and Israel tighten rules</strong> - France, Spain, South Korea and Israel tighten rules for Chinese arrivals as cases surge in China.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Kosovo: Serbs agree to dismantle barricades after talks</strong> - The barricades were erected earlier this month in response to the arrest of a former police officer.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Where 2022’s news was (mostly) good: Yhe year’s top science stories</strong> - Better urinals, older pants, and a helicopter on Mars, oh my! - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1906983">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Busting a myth: Saturn V rocket wasn’t loud enough to melt concrete</strong> - It also wasn’t loud enough to ignite grass or hair, or “blast rainbows from the sky.” - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1907031">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>TV Technica 2022: These were our favorite shows and binges of the year</strong> - Streamers dominated original programming in 2022, but the 2023 forecast is cloudy. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1901866">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Could getting rid of old cells turn back the clock on aging?</strong> - Researchers are investigating medicines that selectively kill decrepit cells. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1906940">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mastodon—and the pros and cons of moving beyond Big Tech gatekeepers</strong> - Standards-based interoperability makes a comeback, sort of. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1906181">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>My wife, to our therapist: He always misunderstands simple questions.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Therapist, to me: What does she mean?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Me: It’s a feminine pronoun,
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/porichoygupto"> /u/porichoygupto </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zzhp4g/my_wife_to_our_therapist_he_always_misunderstands/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zzhp4g/my_wife_to_our_therapist_he_always_misunderstands/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What do you call Andrew Tate in a Romanian prison?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
In-cell
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
EDIT: I don’t have time to reply to all the great comments here but THANK YOU ALL for the lols! Seriously, laughed out loud at a bunch of these, I’m rolling!
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
EDIT EDIT: Thanks as well to the kind Redditor who referred me to the suicide helpline over this. I’m fine, but clearly not everyone liked my joke.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/jDubbaYo"> /u/jDubbaYo </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zz2hf3/what_do_you_call_andrew_tate_in_a_romanian_prison/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zz2hf3/what_do_you_call_andrew_tate_in_a_romanian_prison/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A man goes before Saint Peter…</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Saint Peter asks ‘Where were you born?’<br/> The man thinks for a moment and says ‘Austria-Hungary, Lemberg.’<br/> ‘Where did you go to school?’<br/> ‘Poland, Lwow.’<br/> ‘Where were you married?’<br/> ‘The Ukrainian S.S.R.’<br/> Surprised, Saint Peter asks ‘Where was your first child born?’<br/> ‘In the German Reich.’<br/> ‘And where did you die?’<br/> ‘At home in Lviv, in the Soviet Union.’<br/> Astonished, Saint Peter shouts ‘My, you moved around a lot!’<br/> ‘What are you talking about? I never left the city!’
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/SchwarzeHaufen"> /u/SchwarzeHaufen </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zz8wno/a_man_goes_before_saint_peter/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zz8wno/a_man_goes_before_saint_peter/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A man walks into a department store</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He says to sales lady “I would like to buy a Baptist bra for my wife, size 36B.”<br/> With a quizzical look the sales lady asked “what kind of bra?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He repeated a “Baptist bra, she said to tell you she wanted a Baptist bra, and you would know what she wanted.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Ah now I remember” said the sales lady, “we don’t get as many requests for them as we used to mostly our customers lately want the Catholic bra, or the Salvation Army bra, or the Presbyterian type.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Confused a little flustered, the man asks “So, what are the differences?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The lady responded “It’s all really quite simple a Catholic type supports the masses The Salvation Army lifts the Fallen the Presbyterian type keeps things staunching and upright.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He mused on the information for a minute and then asks “So. what is the Baptist type for?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“They” she replied “make mountains out of molehills.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/sunflour4"> /u/sunflour4 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zzn50r/a_man_walks_into_a_department_store/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zzn50r/a_man_walks_into_a_department_store/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A female grocery store regular customer has a secret crush on the bag boy…</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
As she is having her items checked out, she glances at the bag boy and thinks, “I’ve got to say something. I’ve been feeling so attracted to him for months!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The cashier totals out her haul, the lady pays, and as the last item is being bagged, she asks the bag boy: “would you kindly help me load all these groceries into my car?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Absolutely, ma’am” he says. She now thinks to herself, “great, this will be my opportunity!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
As they walk to the parking lot, the bag boy is looking around and asks “which car is yours?”, but the lady just leans in and whispers into his ear:
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“I have an itchy pussy!” and winks.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The bag boy replies, “sorry ma’am, I don’t know what that is. All those foreign cars look the same to me.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
(Thanks, grandpa, for the joke)
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/apaluq"> /u/apaluq </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zzahis/a_female_grocery_store_regular_customer_has_a/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zzahis/a_female_grocery_store_regular_customer_has_a/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
<script>AOS.init();</script></body></html>

4
index.html
View File

File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long