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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Fragment-based computational design of antibodies targeting structured epitopes</strong> -
<div>
De novo design methods hold the promise of reducing the time and cost of antibody discovery, while enabling the facile and precise targeting of specific epitopes. Here we describe a fragment-based method for the combinatorial design of antibody binding loops and their grafting onto antibody scaffolds. We designed and tested six single-domain antibodies targeting different epitopes on three antigens, including the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Biophysical characterisation showed that all designs are highly stable, and bind their intended targets with affinities in the nanomolar range without any in vitro affinity maturation. We further show that a high-resolution input antigen structure is not required, as our method yields similar predictions when the input is a crystal structure or a computer-generated model. This computational procedure, which readily runs on a laptop, provides the starting point for the rapid generation of lead antibodies binding to pre-selected epitopes.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html- link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.02.433360v2" target="_blank">Fragment- based computational design of antibodies targeting structured epitopes</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The AstraZeneca affair. A litmus test of information disorder in the Italian hybrid media ecosystem</strong> -
<div>
In this paper we seek to demonstrate how a variety of information disorder phenomena comes to be at the intersection of legacy and social media interaction. To do so, we collected more than 750.000 tweets and 30.000 news articles related to the adoption of AstraZeneca vaccine in Italy for a period of six months (1st January 2021 - 30th June 2021). Initially, using timestamps of publications and tweets, we tracked the pace of public debate. Then, using a mixed methods approach, we investigated Twitter reaction during the climax of attention toward AstraZeneca. Acting as a litmus test, our study reveals three different but intertwined information disorder phenomena: first, the vaccine debate exhibit a flat progression with few condensed peaks of attention (acceleration phenomenon); second, the two main peaks that involve both journalistic coverage and Twitter discussion generate from news of suspect deaths related to AstraZeneca (sensationalisation phenomenon); and finally, the report of suspect deaths news by mainstream media accounts on Twitter correlates with a polarized and ideological reaction of the connected publics (fragmentation phenomenon). These results highlight how a direct implication of the hybrid media ecosystem’s actual configuration could be a resistance in the formation of a public arena capable of sustaining a prolonged and effective debate, particularly with respect to controversial societal issues such as those related to the covid-19 vaccination campaign.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/cy2us/" target="_blank">The AstraZeneca affair. A litmus test of information disorder in the Italian hybrid media ecosystem</a>
</div></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related hospitalization with the Alpha, Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants: a nationwide Danish cohort study</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background The continued occurrence of more contagious SARS-CoV-2 variants and waning immunity over time require ongoing re-evaluation of the vaccine effectiveness (VE). This study aimed to estimate the effectiveness in two age groups (12-59 and 60 years or above) of two and three vaccine doses (BNT162b2 mRNA or mRNA-1273 vaccine) by time since vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related hospitalization in an Alpha, Delta and Omicron dominated period. Methods A Danish nationwide cohort study design was used to estimate VE against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related hospitalization with the Alpha, Delta and Omicron variants. Information was obtained from nationwide registries and linked using a unique personal identification number. The study included all residents in Denmark aged 12 years or above (18 years or above for the analysis of three doses) in the Alpha (February 20 to June 15, 2021), Delta (July 4 to November 20, 2021) and Omicron (December 21, 2021 to January 31, 2022) dominated periods. VE estimates including 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazard regression models with adjustments for age, sex and geographical region. Vaccination status was included as a time-varying exposure. Findings In the oldest age group, VE against infection after two doses was 91.0% (95% CI: 88.5; 92.9) for the Alpha variant, 82.2% (95% CI: 75.3; 87.1) for the Delta variant and 39.9% (95% CI: 26.4; 50.9) for the Omicron variant 14-30 days since vaccination. The VE waned over time and was 71.5% (95% CI: 54.7; 82.8), 49.8% (95% CI: 46.5; 52.8) and 4.7% (95% CI: 0.2; 8.9) &gt;120 days since vaccination against the three variants, respectively. Higher estimates were observed after the third dose with VE estimates against infection of 86.0% (Delta, 95% CI: 83.3; 88.3) and 57.6% (Omicron, 95% CI: 55.8; 59.4) 14-30 days since vaccination. Among both age groups, VE against COVID-19-related hospitalization 14-30 days since vaccination with two or three doses was 94.8% or above for the Alpha and Delta variants, whereas among the youngest age group, VE estimates against the Omicron variant after two and three doses were 62.4% (95% CI: 46.3; 73.6) and 89.8% (95% CI: 87.9; 91.3), respectively. Conclusions Two vaccine doses provided high protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related hospitalization with the Alpha and Delta variants with protection waning over time. Two vaccine doses provided only limited protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related hospitalization with the Omicron variant. The third vaccine dose substantially increased the protection against Delta and Omicron.
</p>
</div></li>
</ul>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.20.22274061v1" target="_blank">Vaccine effectiveness against SARS- CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related hospitalization with the Alpha, Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants: a nationwide Danish cohort study</a>
</div>
<ul>
<li><strong>Uncovering the structural flexibility of SARS-CoV-2 glycoprotein spike variants</strong> -
<div>
The severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 rapidly spread worldwide, causing a pandemic. After a period of evolutionary stasis, a set of SARS-CoV-2 mutations has arisen in the spike, the leading glycoprotein at the viral envelope and the primary antigenic candidate for vaccines against the 2019 CoV disease (COVID-19). Here, we present comparative biochemical data of the glycosylated full-length ancestral and D614G spike together with three other highly transmissible strains classified by the World Health Organization as variants of concern (VOC): beta, gamma, and delta. By showing that only D614G early variant has less hydrophobic surface exposure and trimer persistence at mid- temperatures, we place D614G with features that support a model of temporary fitness advantage for virus spillover worldwide. Further, during the SARS-CoV-2 adaptation, the spike accumulates alterations leading to less structural rigidity. The decreased trimer stability observed for the ancestral and the gamma strain and the presence of D614G uncoupled conformations mean higher ACE-2 affinities when compared to the beta and delta strains. Mapping the energetic landscape and flexibility of spike variants is necessary to improve vaccine development.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.20.488873v1" target="_blank">Uncovering the structural flexibility of SARS-CoV-2 glycoprotein spike variants</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Compellingly high SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility of Golden Syrian hamsters suggests multiple zoonotic infections of pet hamsters during the COVID-19 pandemic</strong> -
<div>
Golden Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) are used as a research model for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Millions of Golden Syrian hamsters are also kept as pets in close contact to humans. To determine the minimum infective dose (MID) for assessing the zoonotic transmission risk, and to define the optimal infection dose for experimental studies, we orotracheally inoculated hamsters with SARS-CoV-2 doses from 1<em>105 to 1</em>10-4 tissue culture infectious dose 50 (TCID50). Body weight and virus shedding were monitored daily. 1<em>10-3 TCID50 was defined as the MID, and this was still sufficient to induce virus shedding at levels up to 102.75 TCID50/ml, equaling the estimated MID for humans. Virological and histological data revealed 1</em>102 TCID50 as the optimal dose for experimental infections. This compellingly high susceptibility resulting in productive infections in Golden Syrian hamsters needs to be considered also as a source of SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.19.488826v1" target="_blank">Compellingly high SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility of Golden Syrian hamsters suggests multiple zoonotic infections of pet hamsters during the COVID-19 pandemic</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Emergence of new subgenomic mRNAs in SARS-CoV-2</strong> -
<div>
Two mutations occurred in SARS-CoV-2 early during the COVID-19 pandemic that have come to define circulating virus lineages: first a change in the spike protein (D614G) that defines the B.1 lineage and second, a double substitution in the nucleocapsid protein (R203K, G204R) that defines the B.1.1 lineage, which has subsequently given rise to three Variants of Concern: Alpha, Gamma and Omicron. While the latter mutations appear unremarkable at the protein level, there are dramatic implications at the nucleotide level: the GGG[-&gt;]AAC substitution generates a new Transcription Regulatory Sequence (TRS) motif, driving SARS-CoV-2 to express a novel subgenomic mRNA (sgmRNA) encoding a truncated C-terminal portion of nucleocapsid (N.iORF3), which is an inhibitor of type I interferon production. We find that N.iORF3 also emerged independently within the Iota variant, and further show that additional TRS motifs have convergently evolved to express novel sgmRNAs; notably upstream of Spike within the nsp16 coding region of ORF1b, which is expressed during human infection. Our findings demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 is undergoing evolutionary changes at the functional RNA level in addition to the amino acid level, reminiscent of eukaryotic evolution. Greater attention to this aspect in the assessment of emerging strains of SARS-CoV-2 is warranted.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html- link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.20.488895v1" target="_blank">Emergence of new subgenomic mRNAs in SARS-CoV-2</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Broadly neutralizing antibodies against Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 derived from mRNA-lipid nanoparticle- immunized mice</strong> -
<div>
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to threaten human health worldwide, as new variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have emerged. Currently, the predominant circulating strains around the world are Omicron variants, which can evade many therapeutic antibodies. Thus, the development of new broadly neutralizing antibodies remains an urgent need. In this work, we address this need by using the mRNA-lipid nanoparticle immunization method to generate a set of Omicron-targeting monoclonal antibodies. Five of our novel K-RBD-mAbs show strong binding and neutralizing activities toward all SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron). Notably, the epitopes of these five K-RBD-mAbs are overlapping and localized around K417 and F486 of the spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD). Chimeric derivatives of the five antibodies (K-RBD-chAbs) neutralize Omicron sublineages BA.1 and BA.2 with low IC50 values that range from 5.7 to 12.9 ng/mL. Additionally, we performed antibody humanization on a broadly neutralizing chimeric antibody to create K-RBD-hAb-62, which still retains excellent neutralizing activity against Omicron. Our results collectively suggest that these five therapeutic antibodies may effectively combat current and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron BA.1 and BA.2. Therefore, the antibodies can potentially be used as universal neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.19.488843v1" target="_blank">Broadly neutralizing antibodies against Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 derived from mRNA-lipid nanoparticle-immunized mice</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Low-dose bivalent mRNA vaccine is highly effective against different SARS-CoV-2 variants in a transgenic mouse model</strong> -
<div>
Combining optimized spike (S) protein-encoding mRNA vaccines to target multiple SARS CoV-2 variants could improve COVID-19 control. We compared monovalent and bivalent mRNA vaccines encoding B.1.351 (Beta) and/or B.1.617.2 (Delta) SARS-CoV-2 S protein, primarily in a transgenic mouse model and a Wistar rat model. The low-dose bivalent mRNA vaccine contained half the mRNA of each respective monovalent vaccine, but induced comparable neutralizing antibody titres, enrichment of lung-resident memory CD8+ T cells, specific CD4+ and CD8+ responses, and fully protected transgenic mice from SARS-CoV-2 lethality. The bivalent mRNA vaccine significantly reduced viral replication in both Beta- and Delta-challenged mice. Sera from bivalent mRNA vaccine immunized Wistar rats also contained neutralizing antibodies against the B.1.1.529 (Omicron BA.1) variant. These data suggest that low-dose and fit-for-purpose multivalent mRNA vaccines encoding distinct S-proteins is a feasible approach for increasing the potency of vaccines against emerging and co-circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.20.485440v1" target="_blank">Low-dose bivalent mRNA vaccine is highly effective against different SARS-CoV-2 variants in a transgenic mouse model</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Targeting SARS-CoV-2 infection through CAR-T like bispecific T cell engagers incorporating ACE2</strong> -
<div>
Despite advances in antibody treatments and vaccines, COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection remains a major health problem resulting in excessive morbidity and mortality and the emergence of new variants has reduced the effectiveness of current vaccines. Here, as a proof-of-concept we engineered primary CD8 T cells to express SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein-specific CARs, using extracellular region of ACE2, and demonstrated their highly specific and potent cytotoxicity towards Spike-expressing target cells. To improve on this concept as a potential therapeutic, we developed a bispecific T cell engager combining ACE2 with an anti-CD3 scFv (ACE2-Bite) to target infected cells and the virus. Similar to CAR-T cell approach, ACE2-Bite endowed cytotoxic cells to selectively kill Spike-expressing targets. Furthermore, ACE2-Bite neutralized the pseudoviruses of SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and variants including Delta and Omicron, as a decoy protein. Remarkably, ACE2-Bite molecule showed a higher binding and neutralization affinity to Delta and Omicron variants compared to SARS-CoV-2 wild-type Spike proteins, suggesting the potential of this approach as a variant-proof, therapeutic strategy for future SARS-CoV-2 variants, employing both humoral and cellular arms of the adaptive immune response.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.19.476940v2" target="_blank">Targeting SARS-CoV-2 infection through CAR-T like bispecific T cell engagers incorporating ACE2</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Autophagy and evasion of immune system by SARS-CoV-2. Structural features of the Non-structural protein 6 from Wild Type and Omicron viral strains interacting with a model lipid bilayer.</strong> -
<div>
The viral cycle of SARS-CoV-2 is based on a complex interplay with the cellular machinery, which is mediated by specific proteins eluding or hijacking the cellular defense mechanisms. Among the complex pathways called by the viral infection autophagy is particularly crucial and is strongly influenced by the action of the non-structural protein 6 (Nsp6) interacting with the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Importantly, differently from other non-structural proteins Nsp6 is mutated in the recently emerged Omicron variant, suggesting a possible different role of autophagy. In this contribution we explore, for the first time, the structural property of Nsp6 thanks to long-time scale molecular dynamic simulations and machine learning analysis, identifying the interaction patterns with the lipid membrane. We also show how the mutation brought by the Omicron variant may indeed modify some of the specific interactions, and more particularly help anchoring the viral protein to the lipid bilayer interface.
</div>
<div class="article-link article- html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.05.475107v2" target="_blank">Autophagy and evasion of immune system by SARS-CoV-2. Structural features of the Non-structural protein 6 from Wild Type and Omicron viral strains interacting with a model lipid bilayer.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>High neutralizing activity against Omicron BA.2 can be induced by COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccination</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The VOC of SARS-CoV-2, Omicron (BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, or BA.3), is associated with an increased risk of reinfection. BA.2 has become the next dominant variant worldwide. Although BA.2 infection has been shown to be mild illness, its high transmissibility will result in high numbers of cases. In response to the surge of Omicron BA.1 cases, booster vaccination was initiated in many countries. But there is limited evidence regarding the effectiveness of a booster vaccination against BA.2. We collected blood samples from 84 physicians at Kobe University Hospital, Japan, in January 2022 ~7 months after they had received two BNT162b2 vaccinations and ~2 weeks after their booster vaccination. We performed a serum neutralizing assay against BA.2 using authentic virus. Although most of the participants had no or a very low titer of neutralizing antibody against BA.2 at 7 months after two BNT162b2 vaccinations, the titer increased significantly at 2 weeks after the booster vaccination.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.19.22273940v1" target="_blank">High neutralizing activity against Omicron BA.2 can be induced by COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccination</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Effectiveness of Primary and Booster COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination against Infection Caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant in People with a Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Importance: The benefit of primary and booster vaccination in people who experienced prior SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unclear. Objective: To estimate the effectiveness of a primary (two-dose) and booster (third dose) vaccination against Omicron infection among previously infection people. Design: Test-negative case-control study. Setting: Yale New Haven Health System facilities serving southern Connecticut communities. Participants: Vaccine eligible people who received SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing between November 1, 2021, and January 31, 2022. Exposure: COVID-19 mRNA primary and booster vaccination. Main Outcomes and Measures: We conducted two analyses, each with an outcome of Omicron BA.1 variant infection (S-gene target failure defined) and each stratified by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection status. We estimated the effectiveness of primary vaccination during the period before and during booster eligibility (14-149 and ≥150 days, respectively, after 2nd dose) and of booster vaccination (≥14 days after booster dose). To test whether booster vaccination reduced the risk of infection beyond that of the primary series, we compared the odds among boosted and booster eligible people. Results: Overall, 10,676 cases and 119,397 controls were included (median age: cases: 35 years, controls: 39 years). Among cases and controls, 6.1% and 7.8% had a prior infection. The effectiveness of primary vaccination 14-149 days after 2nd dose was 36.1% (95% CI, 7.1-56.1%) and 28.5% (95% CI, 20.0-36.2%) for people with and without prior infection, respectively. The effectiveness of booster vaccination was 45.8% (95% CI, 20.0-63.2%) and 56.9% (95% CI, 52.1-61.2%) in people with and without prior infection, respectively. The odds ratio comparing boosted and booster eligible people with prior infection was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.56-1.23), whereas the odds ratio comparing boosted and booster eligible people without prior infection was 0.51 (95% CI, 0.46-0.56). Conclusions and Relevance: Primary vaccination provided significant but limited protection against Omicron BA.1 infection among people with and without prior infection. While booster vaccination was associated with additional protection in people without prior infection, it was not associated with additional protection among people with prior infection. These findings support primary vaccination in people regardless of prior infection status but suggest that infection history should be considered when evaluating the need for booster vaccination.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.19.22274056v1" target="_blank">Effectiveness of Primary and Booster COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination against Infection Caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant in People with a Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection</a>
</div></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Wastewater to clinical case (WC) ratio of COVID-19 identifies insufficient clinical testing, onset of new variants of concern and population immunity in urban communities</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Clinical testing has been the cornerstone of public health monitoring and infection control efforts in communities throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. With the extant and anticipated reduction of clinical testing as the disease moves into an endemic state, SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance (WWS) is likely to have greater value as an important diagnostic tool to inform public health. As the widespread adoption of WWS is relatively new at the scale employed for COVID-19, interpretation of data, including the relationship to clinical cases, has yet to be standardized. An in-depth analysis of the metrics derived from WWS is required for public health units/agencies to interpret and utilize WWS-acquired data effectively and efficiently. In this study, the SARS-CoV-2 wastewater signal to clinical cases (WC) ratio was investigated across seven different cities in Canada over periods ranging from 8 to 21 months. Significant increases in the WC ratio occurred when clinical testing eligibility was modified to appointment-only testing, identifying a period of insufficient clinical testing in these communities. The WC ratio decreased significantly during the emergence of the Alpha variant of concern (VOC) in a relatively non-immunized community9s wastewater (40-60% allelic proportion), while a more muted decrease in the WC ratio signaled the emergence of the Delta VOC in a relatively well-immunized community9s wastewater (40-60% allelic proportion). Finally, a rapid and significant decrease in the WC ratio signaled the emergence of the Omicron VOC, likely because of the variant9s greater effectiveness at evading immunity, leading to a significant number of new reported clinical cases, even when vaccine- induced community immunity was high. The WC ratio, used as an additional monitoring metric, complements clinical case counts and wastewater signals as individual metrics in its ability to identify important epidemiological occurrences, adding value to WWS as a diagnostic technology during the COVID-19 pandemic and likely for future pandemics.
</p>
</div></li>
</ul>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.19.22274052v1" target="_blank">Wastewater to clinical case (WC) ratio of COVID-19 identifies insufficient clinical testing, onset of new variants of concern and population immunity in urban communities</a>
</div>
<ul>
<li><strong>Information Dissemination and the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Relationship between Different Information Sources and Symptoms of Psychopathology</strong> -
<div>
The 2020-2021 COVID-19 pandemic has added to the mental health strain on individuals and groups across the world. Viral mitigation protocols and viral spread affect millions every day, but to widely different degrees. How individuals gather information about the pandemic might have an effect on levels of mental distress in the population. In this cross-sectional and representative study of the adult population of Norway, findings suggest that information gathered through newspapers and social media are the information pathways with the strongest association to symptoms of anxiety, depression and health anxiety with small to medium effect sizes. However, avoiding information about the pandemic had larger effect sizes related to symptoms of psychopathology than acquiring information about the pandemic from any source. The results suggest that to reach those who avoid pandemic news is an important goal, both to ensure the population as a whole gets relevant information regarding current viral mitigation protocols, that may in turn alleviate stress, and thus reduce the likelihood of viral transmission. The spread of pandemic misinformation on social media and the internet must be buffered, and successful interventions against misinformation may affect the mental health of the population.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/pwhb9/" target="_blank">Information Dissemination and the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Relationship between Different Information Sources and Symptoms of Psychopathology</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Changes of LipoxinA4 Levels Following Early Hospital Management of Patients with Non-Severe COVID-19: A Pilot Study</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
LipoxinA4 (LXA4) is an anti-inflammatory biomarker participating in the active process of inflammation resolution, which is suggested to be effective on infectious and inflammatory diseases like COVID-19. In this study, we hypothesized that LXA4 levels may increase following COVID-19 treatment and are even more accurate than commonly used inflammatory markers such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), c-reactive protein (CRP), and ferritin. To test this hypothesis, a pilot study was conducted with 31 adult hospitalized patients with non-severe COVID-19. LXA4 levels were measured at the baseline and 48-72 hours later. Accordingly, ESR and CRP levels were collected on the first day of hospitalization. Moreover, the maximum serum ferritin levels were collected during the five days. LXA4 levels significantly increased at 48-72 hours compared to the baseline. ESR, CRP, and ferritin levels were positively correlated with the increased LXA4. In contrast, aging was shown to negatively correlate with the increased LXA4 levels. LXA4 may be known as a valuable marker to assess the treatment response among non-elderly patients with non-severe COVID-19. Furthermore, LXA4 could be considered as a potential treatment option under inflammatory conditions. Further studies are necessary to clarify LXA4 role in COVID-19 pathogenesis, as well as the balance between such pro-resolving mediators and inflammatory parameters.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.18.22273880v1" target="_blank">Changes of LipoxinA4 Levels Following Early Hospital Management of Patients with Non-Severe COVID-19: A Pilot Study</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Clinical Performance Evaluation of the Bio-Self™ COVID-19 Antigen Home Test</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Device: Bio-Self COVID-19 Antigen Home Test;   Device: Standard of Care COVID-19 Test;   Diagnostic Test: RT-PCR Test<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   BioTeke USA, LLC;   CSSi Life Sciences<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Functional Capacity in Patients Post Mild COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Device: Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Rambam Health Care Campus<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Circuit Training Program in Post COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Other: Circuit Training Exercise Program;   Other: Aerobic Training Exercise Program<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Riphah International University<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Effect of Home-based Rehabilitation Program After COVID-19 Infection</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: Add-on telerehabilitation and home-based rehabilitation;   Behavioral: Home-based rehabilitation alone<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
National Taiwan University Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evaluate the Immunogenicity and Safety of a Recombinant Protein COVID-19 Vaccine in Population Aged ≥18 Years</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   SARS-CoV-2 Infection;   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: SCTV01E;   Biological: Comirnaty<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sinocelltech Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evaluate the Immunogenicity and Safety of Two Recombinant Protein COVID-19 Vaccines in Population Aged ≥18 Years as Booster Vaccines</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   SARS-CoV-2 Infection<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: SCTV01C;   Biological: SCTV01E;   Biological: Sinopharm inactivated COVID-19 vaccine;   Biological: mRNA-1273<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sinocelltech Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of Ad5 COVID-19 Vaccines for Booster Use in Children Aged 6-17 Years.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: 1 Nebulized inhalation for booster groups;   Biological: 2 Nebulized inhalation for booster groups;   Biological: 3 Nebulized inhalation for booster groups;   Biological: 4 Nebulized inhalation for booster groups;   Biological: 5 Intramuscular injection for booster groups;   Biological: 6 Intramuscular injection for booster groups;   Biological: 7 Intramuscular injection for booster groups;   Biological: 8 Intramuscular injection for booster groups;   Biological: 9 Intramuscular injection for booster groups;   Biological: 10 Intramuscular injection for booster groups;   Biological: 11 Nebulized inhalation for booster groups;   Biological: 12 Nebulized inhalation for booster groups;   Biological: 13 Nebulized inhalation for booster groups;   Biological: 14 Nebulized inhalation for booster groups;   Biological: 15 Intramuscular injection for booster groups;   Biological: 16 Intramuscular injection for booster groups;   Biological: 17 Intramuscular injection for booster groups;   Biological: 18 Intramuscular injection for booster groups;   Biological: 19 Intramuscular injection for booster groups;   Biological: 20 Intramuscular injection for booster groups;   Biological: 21 Nebulized inhalation for primary groups;   Biological: 22 Nebulized inhalation for primary groups;   Biological: 23 Nebulized inhalation for primary groups;   Biological: 24 Nebulized inhalation for primary groups<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Non-inferiority Trial on Treatments in Early COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Sotrovimab;   Drug: Tixagevimab Cilgavimab;   Drug: Nirmatrelvir Ritonavir<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona;   Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco;   Azienda Sanitaria-Universitaria Integrata di Udine<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Neutralizing Power of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 (Anti-COVID-19) Serum Antibodies</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   SARS CoV 2 Infection<br/><b>Intervention</b>:  <br/>
Other: Collection of biological samples<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immunogenicity and Safety Study of Recombinant Two-Component COVID-19 Vaccine (CHO Cell)(ReCOV)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Recombinant two-component COVID-19 vaccine (CHO cell);   Biological: COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero Cell), Inactivated<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Jiangsu Rec- Biotechnology Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immunogenicity，Safety and Cross - Immune Response With the Strains of the Booster Immunization Using an Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sinovac Research and Development Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Interleukine 6 (IL6) Assay for Predicting Failure of Spontaneous Breathing in Patients With COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome<br/><b>Interventions</b>:  <br/>
Biological: IL6 assessment;   Biological: CRP and PCT assessment<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
Centre Hospitalier Henri Duffaut - Avignon<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Single Arm Phase-IV Study to Determine Reactogenicity and Immunogenicity of Delayed COVID-19 Vaccine Schedule in Children</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Vaccine Reaction;   COVID-19;   Children, Only<br/><b>Intervention</b>:  <br/>
Biological: BNT162b2 Pfizer-BioNTech/Comirnaty<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital;   Duke- NUS Graduate Medical School<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Establishing Immunogenicity and Safety of Needle-free Intradermal Delivery of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Vaccination; Infection;   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:  <br/>
Device: solid microneedle skin patch;   Drug: mRNA-1273<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Leiden University Medical Center<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Bivalirudin Versus Enoxaparin in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Acute Respiratory Failure;   SARS CoV 2 Infection;   Anticoagulants<br/><b>Interventions</b>:  <br/>
Drug: Enoxaparin Sodium;   Drug: Bivalirudin<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University Magna Graecia<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Novel Needle-free Microjet Drug Injector Using Er:YAG LASER: A Completely New Concept of Trans-Dermal Drug Delivery System</strong> - CONCLUSION: This study showed that a novel needle-free microjet injector using Er:YAG LASER can introduce beneficial, liquid, aesthetic drugs into the papillary dermal layer (depth of 300um) with minimal epidermal damage. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety Learning in Anxiety, Pavlovian Conditioned Inhibition and COVID Concerns</strong> - Experimental studies of fear conditioning have identified the effectiveness of safety signals in inhibiting fear and maintaining fear-motivated behaviors. In fear conditioning procedures, the presence of safety signals means that the otherwise expected feared outcome will not now occur. Differences in the inhibitory learning processes needed to learn safety are being identified in various psychological and psychiatric conditions. However, despite early theoretical interest, the role of…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Kinase Inhibitors as Potential Therapeutic Agents in the Treatment of COVID-19</strong> - Corona virus is quickly spreading around the world. The goal of viral management is to disrupt the virus’s life cycle, minimize lung damage, and alleviate severe symptoms. Numerous strategies have been used, including repurposing existing antivirals or drugs used in previous viral outbreaks. One such strategy is to repurpose FDA-approved kinase inhibitors that are potential chemotherapeutic agents and have demonstrated antiviral activity against a variety of viruses, including MERS, SARS-CoV-1,…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Methylene blue in management of COVID19</strong> - CONCLUSION: No statistically significant difference in outcome measures like Spo2, duration of hospital stay or inflammatory markers. A general trend of fall in inflammatory markers and O2 requirements in group receiving methylene blue but this difference was not consistantly statistically significant.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Antibody Profiling in COVID-19 Patients with Different Severities by Using Spike Variant Protein Microarrays</strong> - The disease progression of COVID-19 varies from mild to severe, even death. However, the link between COVID-19 severities and humoral immune specificities is not clear. Here, we developed a multiplexed spike variant protein microarray (SVPM) and utilized it for quantifying neutralizing activity, drug screening, and profiling humoral immunity. First, we demonstrated the competition between antispike antibody and ACE2 on SVPM for measuring the neutralizing activity against multiple spike variants….</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus nsp7 Inhibits Interferon-Induced JAK-STAT Signaling through Sequestering the Interaction between KPNA1 and STAT1</strong> - Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly pathogenic enteric coronavirus that causes high mortality in piglets. Interferon (IFN) responses are the primary defense mechanism against viral infection; however, viruses always evolve elaborate strategies to antagonize the antiviral action of IFN. Previous study showed that PEDV nonstructural protein 7 (nsp7), a component of the viral replicase polyprotein, can antagonize ploy(I:C)-induced type I IFN production. Here, we found that PEDV nsp7…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Does government intervention affect CO<sub>2</sub> emission reduction effect of producer service agglomeration? Empirical analysis based on spatial Durbin model and dynamic threshold model</strong> - Achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality is an inherent requirement for countries to promote green recovery and transformation of the global economy after the COVID-19 pandemic. As “a smoke-free industry,” producer services agglomeration (PSA) may have significant impacts on CO(2) emission reduction. Therefore, based on the nightlight data to calculate the CO(2) emissions of 268 cities in China from 2005 to 2017, this study deeply explores the impact and transmission mechanism of PSA on CO(2)…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Famotidine activates the vagus nerve inflammatory reflex to attenuate cytokine storm</strong> - Background. Severe COVID-19 is characterized by pro-inflammatory cytokine release syndrome (cytokine storm) which causes high morbidity and mortality. Recent observational and clinical studies suggest famotidine, a histamine 2 receptor (H2R) antagonist widely used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease , attenuates the clinical course of COVID-19. Because evidence is lacking for a direct antiviral activity of famotidine, a proposed mechanism of action is blocking the effects of histamine…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 is a functional αv-integrin agonist</strong> - Among the novel mutations distinguishing SARS-CoV-2 from similar respiratory coronaviruses is a K403R substitution in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike (S) protein within its S1 region. This amino acid substitution occurs near the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-binding interface and gives rise to a canonical RGD adhesion motif that is often found in native extracellular matrix proteins, including fibronectin. In the present study, the ability of recombinant S1-RBD to…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Roles of APOBEC-mediated RNA Editing in SARS-CoV-2 Mutations, Replication and Fitness</strong> - During COVID-19 pandemic, mutations of SARS-CoV-2 produce new strains that can be more infectious or evade vaccines. Viral RNA mutations can arise from misincorporation by RNA-polymerases and modification by host factors. Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 sequence from patients showed a strong bias toward C-to-U mutation, suggesting a potential mutational role by host APOBEC cytosine deaminases that possess broad anti-viral activity. We report the first experimental evidence demonstrating that APOBEC3A,…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Hippo Signaling Pathway Activation during SARS-CoV-2 Infection Contributes to Host Antiviral Response</strong> - SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, causes respiratory failure and damage to multiple organ systems. The emergence of viral variants poses a risk of vaccine failures and prolongation of the pandemic. However, our understanding of the molecular basis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent COVID-19 pathophysiology is limited. In this study, we have uncovered a critical role for the evolutionarily conserved Hippo signaling pathway in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Given the complexity of…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Different HMGCR-inhibiting statins vary in their association with increased survival in patients with COVID-19</strong> - BACKGROUND: In response to the challenge to rapidly identify treatment options for COVID-19, several studies reported that statins, as a drug class, reduce mortality in these patients. Here we explored the possibility that different statins might differ in their ability to exert protective effects based on computational predictions.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Virucidal activity and mechanism of action of cetylpyridinium chloride against SARS-CoV-2</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that CPC inhibits the interaction between S protein and ACE2, and thus, reduces infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 and suppresses viral adsorption.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-benzylaminoquinazolin-4(3<em>H</em>)-one derivatives as a potential treatment for SARS-CoV-2</strong> - Despite the continuing global crisis caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there is still no effective treatment. Therefore, we designed and synthesized a novel series of 2-benzylaminoquinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives and demonstrated that they are effective against SARS-CoV-2. Among the synthesized derivatives, 7-chloro-2-(((4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl)amino)quinazolin-4(3H)-one (Compound 39) showed highest anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration value…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mitoxantrone modulates a heparan sulfate-spike complex to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> - Spike-mediated entry of SARS-CoV-2 into human airway epithelial cells is an attractive therapeutic target for COVID-19. In addition to protein receptors, the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein also interacts with heparan sulfate, a negatively charged glycosaminoglycan (GAG) attached to certain membrane proteins on the cell surface. This interaction facilitates the engagement of spike with a downstream receptor to promote viral entry. Here, we show that Mitoxantrone, an FDA- approved topoisomerase…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Grim Journey of the Accused Brooklyn Subway Shooter</strong> - Frank James, the man charged with carrying out the Sunset Park attack, appears to have inhabited a world of conspiracy theories, grievance, and mental illness. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-grim-journey-of-the-accused-brooklyn-subway-shooter">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Siege of Chernihiv</strong> - For more than a month, the Russian military pummelled residents with bombing raids and missile fire, turning a locked-in Ukrainian city into an urban death trap. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/dispatch/the-siege-of-chernihiv">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Case for an Immediate Energy Embargo on Russia</strong> - An aide to Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky argues that halting the purchase of oil and gas is the surest way to stop Vladimir Putin’s military machine. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-case-for-an-immediate-energy-embargo-on-russia">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>“Petite Maman” Is a Minor Miracle</strong> - Céline Sciamma’s new film taps into our secret wish to learn what our parents were like when they were young. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/petite-maman-is-a-minor-miracle">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Growing Up an American Child of Undocumented Parents</strong> - The new documentary “Mija” considers the burdens imposed on an increasingly politicized generation. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/growing-up-an-american-child-of-undocumented-parents">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Atlanta’s third season explores the horrors of intimacy with whiteness</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/2w-c6gk2samrz19rT0rLSpKCEL8=/257x0:2924x2000/1310x983/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/70775411/ATL_304_0087r.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Zazie Beetz as Van, Donald Glover as Earn Marks, LaKeith Stanfield as Darius, Brian Tyree Henry as Alfred “Paper Boi” Miles on <em>Atlanta</em>. | Oliver Upton/FX
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The FX hit leans into the surreality of being Black.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VOnK2h">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1myrcK">
The long-awaited third season of <em>Atlanta</em> aims to interrogate “the curse of whiteness,” according to head story writer Stephen Glover, who’s also the brother of creator Donald Glover.​​ The FX comedy/drama/horror series has been on hiatus since 2018. In that time <em>Atlanta</em>’s voice has grown more assured in <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2016/11/2/13492830/atlanta-fx-donald-glover-surrealism">Afrosurrealism</a>, making its depiction of the monstrosity of whiteness a smart, gloriously depraved, weird, condemning commentary.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xPnfv5">
The theme of whiteness and how it haunts and damns its own recipients becomes almost cartoonishly apparent by the first scene of season three, later revealed to be a dream within Earn’s (Donald Glover) own dream sequence. Dreams have long been the perfect medium for surrealist art. A stylistic movement developed in the aftermath of World War II, surrealism uses discomfiting, contradictory, irrational images to evoke a dream-like state of being. The subconscious takes these images and reorders them, and attempts to make sense of the images’ own reality. Afrosurrealism is, then, a movement that uses these tools to look closely at the already-surreal reality of Black people.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hoSgh6">
The opening scene features two fishermen at night — one Black and one white — and evokes the terrifying history and folklore behind Georgia’s <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/31/us/lake-lanier-urban-legends-
trnd/index.html">Lake Lanier,</a> where the government flooded an entire community, including a graveyard, so they could build a lake that would generate power and water supply to surrounding areas. In the eyes and professed experiences of many locals and visitors, Lake Lanier is haunted with ghosts who sometimes appear and drag people underneath the waters. <em>Atlanta’s</em> mock Lake Lanier is built on top of a Black town.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NlDtFQ">
“With enough blood and money, anyone can be white,” the white fisherman says, sipping a can of beer amidst the dark waters. “The thing about being white is, it blinds you. It’s easy to see the Black man as cursed because you’ve separated yourself from him, but you don’t know you’re enslaved just like him.”
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<aside id="2Edj4G">
<q>This is a clear thesis for the third season: Don’t get caught up with these white people, don’t lose yourself in the money.</q>
</aside>
</div></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZRZF8F">
This is a clear thesis for the third season as well as a warning for our foursome currently traveling Europe while Paper Boi (Brian Tyree Henry) is on a seemingly wildly successful tour: Don’t get caught up with these white people, don’t lose yourself in the money. <em>Atlanta</em> started off as a show about intermittently homeless Earn managing his drug dealer/rapper cousin Paper Boi’s burgeoning music career, while navigating a complex relationship with Van (Zazie Beetz), who is the mother of his child and on-again off-again girlfriend. While season three may not have stability in terms of relationships — it’s hard to know where Van and Earn stand as she explores Europe with him and his friends — it does mark the first time that the characters are not embroiled in a crisis of financial survival.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sw3UWo">
But for anyone who thought Earn, Darius (LaKeith Stanfield), Van, and Alfred’s European travels would be a lighter romp than their adventures in Atlanta, season three quickly proves them wrong. The world of whiteness the characters are exposed to in London and Amsterdam is perhaps more frightening and monstrous than the one they left behind in the sprawling urban forest of Atlanta, surrounded by Confederate flags and monuments to slavery. This genteel horror is viscerally explored in an episode two scene where a white death doula comforts Van as a Black man lies dying. That same doula later pulls a lever that results in the Black man’s violent assisted suicide by suffocation, as a room of white people watch. It’s not transferring white souls into Black bodies like in Jordan Peele’s movie <em>Get Out </em>(2017)<em>,</em> but it’s somehow more horrifying in its dream-like believability.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uIm9A7">
<em>Atlanta</em>’s firm hold on reality, even within its wild plotlines, is perhaps no clearer than in the first episode, “Three Slaps.” Viewers are introduced to Loquareeous, a Black boy who causes disruptions at school. His mother and grandfather are called to the school for a disciplinary meeting, and after a harsh lecture from his mother, he is given three light slaps across the face by his grandfather. A school administrator calls Child Protective Services, and Loquareeous is then taken to live with a white lesbian couple with three other Black children. His name is changed to “Larry,” and he is starved and forced to work in the garden and at the market.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="if4RmS">
The episode is based off the real-life story of the Hart family, who drove off a cliff with their adopted children in tow, in a murder-suicide. The children had repeatedly complained to neighbors about the starvation, abuse, and <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2018/04/06/we-cant-ignore-race-in-the-tragic-story-of-devonte-
hart-and-his-white-adoptive-mothers/">racism</a> they faced at the hands of the Harts. Loquareeous is based on Devonte Hart, who had previously gone viral in a tearful photo of him hugging a police officer, which now has a sinister implication. While “Three Slaps” is often humorous, it’s disturbing and deeply uncomfortable when one realizes that the script is so close to the Hart murders. Black reality is horrifying, <em>Atlanta</em> states simply. And white people are monstrous.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/8kSDw0cNxHMT4djHnvM8x-9ncbc=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23403248/ATL_301_0139r.jpg"/> <cite>Guy D’Alema/FX</cite>
<figcaption>
In the center, Christopher Farrar as Loquareeous, based on Devonte Hart, in the first episode of <em>Atlanta</em>’s third season.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eBW0jO">
Yet, <em>Atlanta</em>’s strongest episodes have always been when they lean into what some rather lazily call “<em>Get Out-</em>esque” writing. In truth, <em>Atlanta</em> is very far from <em>Get Out.</em> It’s more ambitious and nuanced, more masterfully funny, more heartbreaking and thought-provoking. Plotlines are less obvious and yet completely familiar, weirder and more rooted in reality. As opposed to <em>Get Out</em>’s rather sci-fi exploration of racism,<em> Atlanta</em>’s most terrifying moments still manage to feel plausible and deeply familiar.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gCr6vV">
That sci-fi exploration of racism that made <em>Get Out </em>so successful is not necessarily a present element in <em>Atlanta</em>’s third season. Comparing the two might seem innocuous, but in many ways, <em>Get Out</em> is more Afrofuturistic than it is Afrosurrealist. Yes, the film does use Afrosurrealist aesthetics, but overall it seems more concerned with the frightening possibilities of Black life in tandem with increasing technological advancement.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6bcQwP">
<em>Atlanta</em>’s season three, on the other hand, is concerned with dissecting the present, the mode of Afrosurrealism. As writer <a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/525948/summary">D. Scot Miller</a> said, contrasting Afrofuturism and Afrosurrealism, “There is no need for tomorrow’s-tongue speculation about the future. Concentration camps, bombed-out cities, famines, and enforced sterilization have already happened … What is the future? The future has been around so long it is now the past.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VFEKXZ">
<em>Get Out </em>engages the fantastic — the unbelievable, the impossible, the mind-boggling, like human souls being transplanted into Black bodies. <em>Atlanta</em> is rooted in the marvelous — images of daily life made more striking, more dream-like, the wit of it all sharpened to an impossibly lethal point, while not compromising on the brutalities of reality. Think of Alfred not getting his money back from the billionaire in London with South African ties. This powerful white man preferred to pretend to be asleep rather than confront his gambling debt. He wakes to an angry Alfred, who tries to negotiate between Atlanta-style conflict resolution and European-style conflict resolution, and ultimately chooses Atlanta as he takes a chainsaw to the man’s priceless tree.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aKfaiZ">
The <a href="https://openspace.sfmoma.org/2016/10/afrosurreal-the-marvelous-and-the-
invisible/">marvelous</a> is a key feature of Afrosurrealism, as explored by Suzanne Césaire, a surrealist thinker and wife of French Martinican poet, author, and politician Aimé Césaire. The season’s intensified dedication to Afrosurrealism, to seeking the marvelous, is embedded in the promotional poster itself, which renders the cast into <a href="https://screenrant.com/atlanta-season-3-donald-glover-abstract-painting-poster/">abstract surrealist paintings</a>.
</p>
<div class="c-float-left">
<aside id="F2RFh5">
<q><em>Atlanta</em> is rooted in the marvelous — the wit of it all sharpened to an impossibly lethal point, while not compromising on the brutalities of reality.</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nuZccB">
Loquareeous’s story, brutal and enraging as it is, exemplifies the marvelous in many ways, especially in how he survives at the end. That survival both mimics the fact that Devonte Hart’s body has never been found and simultaneously enters Devonte Hart into a fictional place of rest. We see this in the ending scene, where Loquareeous is watching TV and eating spaghetti. As the camera steadies its gaze on Loquareeous’s back and zooms in, the reader becomes overcome with emotion, remembrance, rage, and awe. This is the marvelous: A simple image of a boy eating the food he once rejected and watching TV, weighted with meaning. This is Black reality, made clearer by its placement within a dream.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GOQCCs">
<em>Atlanta</em> doesn’t need to decide if it’s horror, or comedy, or a tender show depicting life’s daily moments of despair and triumph. For Black people, our realities enmesh all three into an absurd plateau. For other writers and creators, the absurdity might seem to mock the oppressed. But in the Glovers’ and the rest of their team’s deft hands, the absurdity becomes an indictment of our oppressors as well as a celebration of Black people’s humor. I intentionally say that <em>Atlanta</em> celebrates Black humor and not the way that Black people<em> </em>use<em> </em>humor as resilience, because it is the latter that <em>Atlanta</em> seems firmly set against.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="f8VBmJ">
Anywhere there is humor and Blackness, the impulse to say the art celebrates “Black resilience” emerges, partly because of this country’s obsession with depicting Black people as hardy creatures meant to endure the worst of atrocities, all while singing and laughing. But while <em>Atlanta</em> constantly depicts resilience, it does not celebrate it. It scorns the conditions that make that resilience necessary, and it uplifts those who find it hard to navigate the expectation of resilience. In fact, it derives a significant part of its absurdity from the characters’ varying degrees of resilience.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4VHRvA">
The further this show’s characters get away from their eponymous city, the further they get from the intimacy between Black people that made <em>Atlanta</em> special. Instead, however, a new kind of intimacy is forged. A discomfiting, thought-provoking, and one-sided intimacy with whiteness.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4meHCy">
It’s that forced relationship to whiteness that gives <em>Atlanta</em> its absurdity — not just the presence of whiteness, but the influence on our spaces. <em>Atlanta</em> is a story of people who already knew these horrifying truths, to the point where they find them predictable, nearly boring. <em>Atlanta</em> doesn’t expect more from white people, it believes they are capable of anything. And in fact, it shows us, through modeling episodes based on real-life events and dynamics, that perhaps white people are capable of anything.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jiPQ4P">
“Now it’s the Blackest, the most surreal, the most hilarious. I say this shit with no fear, because I already know what it’s going to be: the most unexpected thing you have ever seen,” LaKeith Stanfield told GQ Hype of <em>Atlanta</em>’s junior season. “But the truth is, it’s becoming hard to make shit up, because the actual reality is crazier than the shit you could come up with.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yj2gsZ">
Intimacy with whiteness is not novel or inauthentic. It is just as much a cornerstone of the Black experience in America as our closeness with each other is — which is the most surreal thing, when you think about it. How does one feel this anticipatory closeness to one’s oppressor? A violent disinterest and boredom with them, because we know so much?
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<aside id="akGDTV">
<q>How does one feel this anticipatory closeness to one’s oppressor? </q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2r3uIJ">
James Baldwin spoke of this phenomenon at length, perhaps most damningly here: “You cannot lynch me and keep me in ghettos without becoming something monstrous yourselves. And furthermore, you give me a terrifying advantage. You never had to look at me. I had to look at you. I know more about you than you know about me.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hVtPSV">
The characters of <em>Atlanta</em> embody this quote, in that they are constantly being forced to observe and analyze whiteness against their will. They are, even in their indifference towards whiteness, experts in the field. When Earn walks into the household of the white South African whose family owned the first bank and he sees a picture of a Black servant in the background of one of their pictures, he isn’t shocked but depressingly bored.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cMeiSe">
<em>Atlanta’s</em> glorious weirdness, its dive into the surreal, is what makes the show nimble and wonderfully written. It covers a wide spectrum of Blackness, all while being relatable. If it’s hard to imagine that a show where invisible cars run people over outside the club, alligators hang out in bathrooms, and old white men profess their love for the sexual “ectoplasm” of Black ghosts could be relatable to Black people, then you’ve missed the point. Blackness is strange, inherently bizarre. Shows that attempt to depict Black life without reveling in weirdness feel too curated, too stifling and specific. Other works may represent a slice of Blackness, but <em>Atlanta’s</em> oddities are more legible, and manage to fit us all underneath its strange and marvelous umbrella.
</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>One Good Thing: Have you heard of this Shakespeare guy? Pretty good!</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/t_euulTQ3kPmqdW4yXbY1AYaNj0=/0x0:1761x1321/1310x983/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/70775287/168603201.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Leonardo DiCaprio and Claire Danes in Baz Luhrmann’s <em>Romeo + Juliet</em> (1996). | 20th Century Fox
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Juliet and her Romeo are dead, but Romeo and Juliet lives forever.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FZ2C40">
Friends, I come before you today to address an injustice. For too long have we, as a culture, allowed ourselves to take <em>Romeo and Juliet</em> for granted.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XjQLYT">
For too long have we sneered at it as adolescent and mawkish when compared to brooding <em>Hamlet</em> or tragic <em>Lear</em>! For too long have we tolerated those pedants who like to smugly opine that if you think <em>Romeo and Juliet</em> is romantic, you’re reading it wrong! For too long have we cast it into the dark pits of eighth-grade language arts curricula, tainting it with memories of Brian G. and Natasha S. protecting their mouths with their hands during the kissing scenes!
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="d7xj9T">
No more. There comes a time in life when everyone has to take a stand, and mine is that <em>Romeo and Juliet</em> is good, actually, and furthermore, it’s astonishing that we don’t just spend every day talking about how good it is.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NYsuMV">
Obviously we all know that <em>Romeo and Juliet</em> is influential. It’s the basic template for all our culture’s tragic love stories, and it’s the reason we’ve got <em>West Side Story</em> and <em>Shakespeare in Love</em> and that <a href="https://www.vulture.com/2021/08/the-imperfect-legacy-of-aaliyahs-romeo-must-die.html">early 2000s action classic</a>, <em>Romeo Must Die</em>. But we don’t pay enough attention to the reason it has such a presence, the reason it is as influential and foundational as it has become: namely, that it’s managed to keep working all the way from the 1590s, when it was first written, into the present.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jKdmfw">
<em>Romeo and Juliet</em> is early-ish Shakespeare, and there’s an argument to be made that it’s his first really beautiful play. After the bawdy slapstick of <em>Comedy of Errors</em> and the bloody horror of <em>Titus Andronicus</em>, after the cynicism of <em>Richard III</em> and <em>Richard II</em> — after something like five years of turning out steady journeyman dramatic work, then Shakespeare wrote lovely, lyrical <em>Romeo and Juliet</em>, with its series of love sonnets embedded into the dialogue. “O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright,” Romeo says on seeing Juliet, and with that line Shakespeare became “<a href="https://academic.oup.com/sq/article-pdf/14/1/86/27000332/sq0086.pdf">mellifluous and honey-tongued Shakespeare</a>,” celebrated by his contemporaries for the sheer beauty of his language.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="054TgE">
<em>Romeo and Juliet</em> isn’t only beautiful. It’s also funny and sexy, sometimes shockingly so. “O, I have bought the mansion of a love but not possessed it,” Juliet laments as she awaits her wedding night, “and, though I am sold, not yet enjoyed.” So intense is the force of her desire that she starts to fantasize sadistically, declaring that after she dies, someone should “cut [Romeo] out into little stars” and hang them in the sky. Romeo, for his part, can’t manage to look at anything touching Juliet — gloves, sleep, prayer books — without rhapsodizing about how much he wants to be that thing. Never were there two characters in English literature quite so ready to bone.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TLzFaF">
Perhaps because Juliet and her Romeo are so palpably lusty and teenage, killjoys are apt to remark smugly that they were absolute idiots for dying for one another, and that for this reason it’s a mistake to read the play as romantic. It remains a testament to <em>Romeo and Juliet</em>’s powers that even if you choose to read it so cynically, it still works. It is entirely possible to consider Romeo and Juliet to be stupid horny teenagers who would have broken up within days if they’d survived the end of the play, and still find yourself crying at the end as they die.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QzpXzN">
And in the end, perhaps that’s what remains most taken for granted about <em>Romeo and Juliet</em>: that it is an indestructible play. We can pelt it all we like with our mockery, our indifference, our misreadings, our bad eighth- grade productions. It is so perfectly constructed that we will still find ourselves holding our collective breath in the final act, hoping that this time Friar Lawrence’s message will get to Romeo in time, and he and Juliet won’t die. It can survive swings in cultural attitudes on sex and romance and childhood rebellion, can make it through the bawdy Elizabethan era through the prudish Victorian age and into the sex-crazed 1990s, and always still seem perfectly modern, perfectly of our moment.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="noB2sP">
This play is bigger than us. It can take whatever we throw at it, and it will still be beautiful and funny and sexy and tragic, no matter how badly we treat it. Romeo and Juliet always die, but <em>Romeo and Juliet</em> will always survive our scorn and endure. It lives forever.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VN5WHP">
<em>You can find Baz Luhrmann’s 1996 </em>Romeo + Juliet<em> streaming on HBO Max, and Franco Zeffirelli’s 1968 </em>Romeo and Juliet<em> for rent on most streaming services. For more recommendations from the world of culture, check out the </em><a href="https://www.vox.com/one-good-thing"><em><strong>One Good Thing</strong></em></a><em> archives.</em>
</p></li>
<li><strong>Companies lose your data and then nothing happens</strong> -
<figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><img alt="Padlocks on a fence." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/nboUU5w3p6izFoolnZVORDKp-
vs=/119x0:2004x1414/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/70775216/GettyImages_475833329.0.jpg"/></p>
<figcaption>
Your personal information is probably all over the internet and no one is accountable. | Grant Faint via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Data breaches are everywhere and consequences are ???
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ug57qy">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iP7Yal">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aS0L9O">
At this point, it’s hard not to imagine that at least some of your personal information isn’t for sale in some dark corner of the internet. After all, data breaches are <a href="https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/data-breaches-up-in-first-quarter-of-2022/">happening constantly</a>. Companies suck up customers’ details and then, try as they might — and let’s assume they really try — declare that it’s been leaked or hacked. You know the drill; the subsequent breach announcement goes a little something like this: “Oops!! We were the victims of a cyberattack, and by extension, so were you! It affected ??? people and we think ??? information was involved, but we’re still kind of guessing here at what happened. Hopefully you have some sort of identity theft protection, which maybe we’re offering and maybe not. But regardless, love you! We’re family! Please come back soon!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NI4G3e">
The whole situation isn’t great.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fX1GGh">
High-profile data breaches have been in the headlines for years. In 2013, Target <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/23/business/target-security-
breach-settlement.html">lost</a> the credit card, debit card, and other information of tens of millions of customers. In 2018, <a href="https://news.marriott.com/news/2018/11/30/marriott-announces-starwood-guest-reservation-database-
security-incident">Marriott disclosed</a> a data breach that impacted up to 500 million people; in 2020, <a href="https://news.marriott.com/news/2020/03/31/marriott-international-notifies-guests-of-property-system-incident">it got hit again</a>. In 2021, hackers <a href="https://www.wired.com/story/t-mobile-hack-data-phishing/">got a bunch of customer information</a> from T-Mobile that the company <a href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/k7w9mv/tmobile-hacked-
bought-data-mandiant">reportedly</a> tried and failed to get back. The list of breaches goes on and on.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bb53lO">
Of course, these companies would surely rather not be dealing with these situations — data breaches cost firms <a href="https://www.ibm.com/security/data-breach">millions of dollars</a> and are often accompanied by reputational damage and sometimes fines. At the same time, that doesn’t mean the constant loss of consumer data is acceptable. Sure, we live in the era of the internet, and some security risks are inevitable. But that shouldn’t mean that you have to throw your hands up and accept your data is safe, basically, nowhere. The Targets and <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/9/13/16292014/equifax-credit-breach-hack-report-
security">Equifaxes</a> of the world got hit with big fines, but they still get to exist — lucratively. And they’re still constantly sucking up and monetizing consumers’ personal information.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cWRyEQ">
There’s a simple reason companies collect so much of our data — money — but why they get to collect so much, keep it, and monetize it is more complicated. There are some laws around data privacy and security, but they’re <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/blog/state-of-privacy-laws-in-us/">scattershot and generally handled state by state</a>, and they could be better. Companies keep screwing up with our data, and there are no good answers on what to do about it.
</p>
<h3 id="r2PA3I">
Companies after a data breach: Sry bae
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="k4vduA">
In September 2017, credit bureau Equifax <a href="https://www.vox.com/2017/9/7/16270814/hackers-breach-equifax-access-sensitive-data-143-million-
us-consumers">announced</a> the information of over 100 million people it was holding onto had been compromised, including Social Security numbers, birth dates, and addresses. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-
switch/wp/2017/09/08/why-it-can-take-so-long-for-companies-to-reveal-their-data-breaches/">It took the company weeks</a> to make the breach public, and shortly after that happened, its CEO <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/equifax-
ceo-out-2017-9">stepped down</a>. For a while, it <a href="https://www.vox.com/business-and-
finance/2018/5/10/17337260/equifax-data-breach-passports">continued to hedge</a> about what exactly was compromised in the breach. In 2019, Equifax was <a href="https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2019/07/equifax-
pay-575-million-part-settlement-ftc-cfpb-states-related-2017-data-breach">fined hundreds of millions of dollars</a> by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), and states over the breach. It was also required to take other measures, including providing consumers with six free credit reports each year and providing up to 10 years of free credit monitoring for people affected. Data breach victims were supposed to be able to claim $125 checks from the company, but because so many people signed up, <a href="https://www.vox.com/business-and-
finance/2019/9/10/20857109/facebook-equifax-companies-break-law">that amount translated to mere cents</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZQ4gYL">
But afterward, Equifax — which makes money, in part, by selling people’s personal information to third parties — <a href="https://money.cnn.com/2017/10/03/pf/equifax-profit/index.html">didn’t drastically change its business practices</a> when it comes to <a href="https://www.equifax.com/privacy/privacy-
statement/#:~:text=We%20use%20and%20sell%20personal,is%20regulated%20by%20the%20FCRA.">collecting and selling data</a>. The basic incentive for the company to scoop up and monetize as much data as possible remains.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KaJiyo">
In a statement to Vox, Jamil Farshchi, chief information security officer at Equifax, said that the company has invested over $1.5 billion to rebuild its security and technology systems “from the ground up” and hired upwards of 600 cybersecurity professionals to try to better protect consumer data. “Multiple independent ratings show that our security maturity and posture now exceed every major industry average. Few companies have invested more time and resources in the last few years into ensuring that consumers’ information is protected,” he said, <a href="https://assets.equifax.com/marketing/US/assets/2021-security-annual-report.pdf">pointing to its latest security report</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="95MRWf">
Still, it’s hard not to wonder whether any of this is really enough. After all, Equifax is <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22736387/how-credit-scores-work-equifax-experian-transunion">still one of the three</a> major credit bureaus in the United States that consumers have to rely on to navigate their financial lives, and its business is still humming along. Equifax, despite its major missteps, is fine. It’s also evidence that there are no easy answers on how to deal with data breaches or punish companies that have broken laws, to the extent that there are applicable laws in the first place.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TfPdEE">
To start from square one: There is no federal privacy law in the United States. Instead, it’s sort of a mishmash of federal laws covering certain areas (think <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/22363011/hipaa-not-hippa-explained-health-privacy">HIPAA</a>, the federal privacy law pertaining to health) and state laws. Currently, California, Colorado, Virginia, and Utah have what are intended to be more comprehensive consumer privacy laws (some, experts say, are more effective than others).
</p>
<div class="c-float- right">
<aside id="GANeVq">
<q>To start from square one: There is no federal privacy law in the United States</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WxYpCH">
All <a href="https://www.ncsl.org/research/telecommunications-and-information-
technology/security-breach-notification-laws.aspx">50 states have laws</a> that require businesses and in most cases government entities to issue notifications about data breaches. But they often differ on what happens next in terms of who’s allowed to enforce the laws and go after companies who screw up, explained Caitriona Fitzgerald, deputy director of the Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC). “Some states give attorneys general sole authority to enforce data breach laws, but they don’t give them any resources to do it,” she said. Some states allow for a private right of action, which allows private citizens to sue a company directly, but that can be tricky to navigate. Fitzgerald said courts have often made it hard for individuals to sue because it’s hard to quantify harm and show exactly the cost of your data being lost.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="E0YjzQ">
At the federal level, it’s largely the FTC that is charged with handling data breaches. It does so under the <a href="https://www.ftc.gov/about-ftc/mission/enforcement-authority">FTC Act</a>, which allows it to go after practices that are deemed either deceptive or unfair. It has brought about a <a href="https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-
proceedings?sort_by=field_date&amp;field_mission%5B29%5D=29&amp;field_consumer_protection_topics=1424">number of cases</a> on data security, including going after <a href="https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-
releases/2018/04/uber-agrees-expanded-settlement-ftc-related-privacy-security-claims">Uber</a>, <a href="https://www.ftc.gov/enforcement/refunds/equifax-data-breach-settlement">Equifax</a>, and <a href="https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2019/07/ftc-imposes-5-billion-penalty-sweeping-new-privacy-
restrictions-facebook">Facebook</a> over their handling of privacy. But there are limits on what the FTC can do — companies don’t have<em> to</em> say anything about how they secure data, and again, there’s no federal privacy law outlining any rules. Last year, the Supreme Court <a href="https://www.crowell.com/NewsEvents/AlertsNewsletters/all/The-
Supreme-Court-Limits-FTCs-13b-Powers">also limited</a> the FTC’s ability to seek monetary relief, which ties the agency’s hands even further.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Yf3Zb1">
There are ideas on Capitol Hill to create a data privacy agency, <a href="https://www.gillibrand.senate.gov/news/press/release/gillibrand-introduces-new-and-improved-consumer-watchdog-
agency-to-give-americans-control-over-their-data">including from Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand</a> (D-NY) and Reps. Anna Eshoo (D-CA) and Zoe Lofgren (D-CA). Data privacy, theoretically, is a bipartisan issue, but it turns out Congress is largely only <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2022/3/14/22971618/earn-it-sesta-fosta-children-safety-internet-
laws">interested in looking at online privacy for kids</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wy8qvH">
In the meantime, companies keep collecting and losing data, and when that happens, the consequences are underwhelming.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oPWiMa">
Daniel Solove, a law professor at George Washington University and co-author of <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Breached-
Daniel-J-Solove/dp/0190940557"><em>Breached! Why Data Security Law Fails and How to Improve It</em></a>, pointed to the example of data breach notifications, which he says have been taking place since about 2005, when companies started being required to say when a breach happened. (Before that, a lot of the time, no one knew). Yes, it’s good that companies have to say when a breach has occurred, but that doesn’t fix the breach, it just sheds light on it. It’s like a doctor telling you that you have cancer, and when you ask about next steps for treatment the doctor saying that’s it, now you know. “Legislators like to pass a breach notification law because it looks like you’re doing something for security, but you’re not,” Solove said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bZyDvr">
There are all sorts of ideas out there about what better data privacy and security laws might look like, including taking a look at what information companies collect, what they do with it, how they monetize it, and how they’re required to protect it. “Enforcers need to require changes to business practices,” Fitzgerald said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BNYwJ8">
Solove argues that the privacy and security components of data need to be less siloed — basically, good privacy leads to better security. He also notes that there’s only so much you can get from companies, punishment-wise, after a data breach happens. The government sometimes fines businesses when they lose data, but it’s hard for those fines to be big enough to make a real dent. When the FTC <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/7/24/20708359/facebook-ftc-settlement-criticism-5-billion-privacy-review-
antitrust-mark-zuckerberg">fined Facebook</a> $5 billion over its privacy mishaps in 2019, for example, its <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/7/12/20692434/facebook-5-billion-fine-ftc-privacy-regulation">stock price went up</a> after investors found out.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="puohOf">
Oftentimes, <a href="https://www.vox.com/business-and-
finance/2019/9/10/20857109/facebook-equifax-companies-break-law">fines get passed on to shareholders and workers anyway</a>. And even when businesses are nominally required to change business practices, if they don’t, they’re just hit with another fine. And, again, no company wants to suffer a data breach — to a certain extent, in the modern world with hackers and bad actors out there, they’re inevitable. One person gets fooled by a phishing email and boom.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uuI7oP">
“There’s no silver bullet,” Solove said. “Breaches are never going to go away — there’s going to be breaches.”
</p>
<h3 id="8ZW5u3">
Data that’s never collected can’t be breached
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="H6PAqi">
We’ve become pretty accustomed to giving over a lot of information about ourselves to participate in the economy and live in the online world. Sometimes, it’s stuff we know we’re handing over — a credit card number and address to make a purchase, an email address to sign up for a website. Other times, it’s a lot less visible, like when companies are tracking our moves and interests online to package and sell that data to advertisers. But like it or not, data is a big part of the way the economy runs. As Louise Matsakis outlined for <a href="https://www.wired.com/story/wired-guide-personal-data-
collection/">Wired</a> in 2019, information about people fuels the digital economy; it’s kind of like oil. Much of the time, we don’t even know what data is out there or who has it because companies sell it and swap it among themselves.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<aside id="dRTKWF">
<q>“The best form of securing data from attack is to not collect it in the first place”</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="68vIuk">
When we talk about data breaches, we often start at the end: the moment the information has already been leaked or hacked. But some privacy advocates say we need to start at the beginning.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yG3oTa">
“There is a common business model, which is to vacuum up as much personal information about people as possible, even if you have no use for that information, and then sell it to data brokers who then do all kinds of things with it, especially to sling advertisements,” said Adam Schwartz, senior staff attorney at the Electronic Frontier Foundation. “With so much information being systematically vacuumed and monetized, it increases the problems from these data breaches. To say the obvious, the best form of securing data from attack is to not collect it in the first place.” Or, once it’s collected, to delete it once it has been used.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="h4sqES">
To offer an example, let’s say I order a pizza from Domino’s. I’m going to hand over my address because I want the pizza delivered, and my credit card number if I don’t want to pay in cash. I’m also going to tell Domino’s what kind of pizza I want. All of this makes sense for Domino’s to have — in the moment. They don’t need a permanent record of where I live or what my credit card number is or whether I want pepperoni or sausage on my pizza. They also don’t really need me to create an account to order the pizza, which their website nudges me to do.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8exxyc">
In a better and perhaps less risky world, companies like Domino’s would undertake an effort at data minimization, Schwartz said, meaning the business only collects from the consumer the specific information they need for the task at hand. Might it make ordering a pizza from Domino’s slightly less frictionless next time around when I have to input my information again? Sure. But maybe it’s worth it — just ask the hundreds of thousands of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/dominos-india-data-
breach-allegedly-exposes-1-million-credit-card-details-180-million-order-details/articleshow/82144019.cms">Domino’s customers in India</a> whose credit card and order information was exposed in 2021.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gqmy5w">
On the collection front, Schwartz said it would be better if businesses used opt-in consent, which means they would have to get specific permission from users before collecting and using their personal data. It would be better if people were also able to ask what companies have and have that information deleted. In some places, such as California, <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/02/06/ccpa-faq/">there are privacy laws that allow for that</a>. The problem is, oftentimes, people don’t even know who has their data, especially after it changes hands. (Europe’s privacy law <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/4/5/17199754/what-is-gdpr-europe-data-privacy-
facebook">does some of this</a>, with varying degrees of success.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2P2hF5">
Many of these measures aren’t ones companies are going to take on their own. If data equals money, and it often does, there aren’t incentives for them not to collect it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="C12vXr">
“The market isn’t going to give us the right amount of security here,” said Solove. “We need to create some kind of an incentive so that companies can have at least a minimum level of security on what they’re creating — they need to be responsible for what they’re doing and what they’ve built and the costs they’re creating.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0lNPnl">
We often take it as a given that companies are going to suck up our data. We know Facebook takes our information and monetizes it so we can use the site for free because, as Mark Zuckerberg explained to the Senate in 2018, “<a href="https://twitter.com/CBSNews/status/983789635406004224">Senator, we run ads</a>.” We create an account to buy concert tickets or order clothes online without thinking, seeing it as part of the game. But we often don’t interrogate how much personal information companies actually need from us, or how long they should be allowed to keep it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pYusdg">
“Data breaches are really dangerous to millions and millions of people. It allows them to be subjected to identity theft, financial fraud, stalking, and much more needs to be done to stop this,” Schwartz said. “At a minimum, that’s strong anti-breach laws that allow the victims to sue the negligent data managers, but more than that, it’s necessary to go to the source, which is businesses vacuuming up our information in the first place.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SZCF9H">
<em>We live in a world that’s constantly trying to sucker us and trick us, where we’re always surrounded by scams big and small. It can feel impossible to navigate. Every two weeks, join Emily Stewart to look at all the little ways our economic systems control and manipulate the average person. Welcome to The Big Squeeze.</em>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WHU8Gv">
<em>Have ideas for a future column? Email </em><a href="mailto:emily.stewart@vox.com"><em><strong>emily.stewart@vox.com</strong></em></a>.
</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Lord And Master pleases</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Manchester United name Erik ten Hag as new permanent manager</strong> - He will be Manchester United’s fifth full-time manager in nine years since Alex Ferguson’s retirement</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Bumrah, Rohit among Wisden's five ‘Cricketers of the Year’</strong> - The list also features New Zealand batter Devon Conway, England pacer Ollie Robinson and Proteas women star Dane van Niekerk</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Kieron Pollard announces retirement from international cricket</strong> - Kieron Pollard made his ODI debut back in 2007, and fittingly played his last series against India, a country which has become his second home due to his long association with Mumbai Indians</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Man City goes top of Premier League after beating Brighton, Everton steers clear of relegation</strong> - City fans saw the horrific graphic on TV showing a draw will mean Manchester City drops behind Liverpool, but Kevin De Bruyne and Manchester City dug three goals out to remain in the pole position for the title race</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Gadkari inaugurates, lays foundation stones of 33 NH projects worth ₹9,240 crore in Chhattisgarh</strong> - He said these projects will provide better connectivity between Chhattisgarh and other States, including Odisha, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand and U.P.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Watch | How are Kerala’s unique vettu cakes made?</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Revenue department distributes 4,660 title deeds in Kozhikode district</strong> - Construction of Vadakara revenue tower also launched</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Assam CM Himanta claims he wasn’t aware of Jignesh Mevani’s identity</strong> - The State Congress unit smelt a conspiracy behind the arrest and rushed legal experts to the aid of the apprehended Dalit leader</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>You get salary from common man’s tax: Karnataka CM tells government employees</strong> - Sarvothama Awards, meant for government employees, were presented</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>French election: Macron and Le Pen clash in TV presidential debate</strong> - Emmanuel Macron and Marine Le Pen take part in an animated contest ahead of Sunday’s run-off vote.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>French election: Le Pen impresses but Macron holds firm in TV debate</strong> - Marine Le Pen’s last presidential debate was a disaster - but five years on things are different.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>French election: Le Pen and Macron clash over headscarves</strong> - The two candidates meet in a heated TV debate days before France votes on its next president.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Russia releases video of intercontinental ballistic missile launch</strong> - President Putin says the new Sarmat missile is food for thought for those who try to threaten Russia.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Covid: Woman caught virus twice within record 20 days</strong> - Spanish researchers say it’s the shortest-known gap between two coronavirus infections.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Stone Age people may have gathered at night to watch animated “fireside art”</strong> - VR simulations showed firelight would make images on engraved stones move and flicker. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1848653">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>CDC decides to appeal to restore travel mask mandate; DOJ files notice [Updated]</strong> - It’s a fraught decision at a time when the pandemic’s outlook is murky. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1849356">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Biden to use infrastructure money to keep nuclear plants open</strong> - Up to $6 billion total, with plants already scheduled to shut down the top priority. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1849609">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Forget passenger cars, here’s where hydrogen make sense in transport</strong> - Hydrogen is attractive to trucking and ports, but only if it’s clean. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1849476">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>We don’t know who made the giant stone jars found in northern India</strong> - Local oral history suggests the jars are probably massive, ancient burial urns. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1849544">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>A Jewish man on the subway is reading an Arab newspaper</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A friend of his, who happened to be riding in the same subway car, noticed this strange phenomenon. Very upset, he approached him. “Moshe, have you lost your mind? Why are you reading an Arab newspaper?” Moshe replied, “I used to read the Jewish newspaper, but what did I find? Jews being persecuted, Israel being attacked, Jews disappearing through assimilation and intermarriage, Jews living in poverty. So I switched to the Arab newspaper. Now what do I find? Jews own all the banks, Jews control the media, Jews are all rich and powerful, Jews rule the world. The news is so much better!”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/AnimePrimeMinister"> /u/AnimePrimeMinister </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/u8gz36/a_jewish_man_on_the_subway_is_reading_an_arab/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/u8gz36/a_jewish_man_on_the_subway_is_reading_an_arab/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>A young Arab boy asks his father “What is that strange hat you are wearing?”</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The father said: “Why, my son, it is a ‘chechia.’ In the desert it protects our heads from the intense heat of the sun.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“And what is the long flowing robe you are wearing?” asked the boy.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Oh, my son!” exclaimed the father “It is very simple. This is a ‘djbellah.’ As I have told you, in the desert it is not only very hot, but the sand is always blowing. My djbellah protects the entire body.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The son then asked: “But Father, what about those ugly shoes you have on your feet?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“These are ‘babouches’ my son,” the father replied. You must understand that although the desert sands are very beautiful, they are also extremely hot. These babouches keep us from burning our feet."
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“So tell me then,” added the boy.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Yes, my son…”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
"Why are we living in Birmingham and still wearing all this shit?
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/AnimePrimeMinister"> /u/AnimePrimeMinister </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/u8hnc5/a_young_arab_boy_asks_his_father_what_is_that/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/u8hnc5/a_young_arab_boy_asks_his_father_what_is_that/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>I had the best Dad moment last night… <em>actual conversation with my 8 year old</em></strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Son: Dad… how many kidneys do I have?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Me: Two. You have two, son.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Son: Nope… I have four. <em>point to belly</em> Two kidneys here… <em>points to legs</em> …and two kid knees here!
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The student has become the teacher.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/ramazanturkan75"> /u/ramazanturkan75 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/u8hzor/i_had_the_best_dad_moment_last_night_actual/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/u8hzor/i_had_the_best_dad_moment_last_night_actual/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>I paid a homeless man $1 for this joke.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Two men crash into each other at an intersection. First man steps out of his wrecked car screaming:
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“You son-of-a-bitch, you wrecked my Jag! I’m a lawyer, I’m going to sue you for everything you have!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Other man responds, “You Lawyers only care about money, you don’t even realize you just lost an arm.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The Lawyer looks down where his arm should be and yells “Where’s my fucking Rolex!”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/OrangeKefka"> /u/OrangeKefka </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/u82njo/i_paid_a_homeless_man_1_for_this_joke/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/u82njo/i_paid_a_homeless_man_1_for_this_joke/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>Saw a man in a parking lot throwing Stephen King novels at people</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
I couldn’t figure out why. Then It hit me.
</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Mickey_James"> /u/Mickey_James </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/u8bnzg/saw_a_man_in_a_parking_lot_throwing_stephen_king/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/u8bnzg/saw_a_man_in_a_parking_lot_throwing_stephen_king/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
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