navan
/
Daily-Dose
mirror of https://github.com/navanchauhan/Daily-Dose.git
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Projects Releases Wiki Activity

Added daily report

This commit is contained in:
Navan Chauhan 2021-07-02 12:50:56 +00:00
parent d1ebccdc96
commit 8be2942aa0
3 changed files with 961 additions and 2 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

217
archive-covid-19/02 July, 2021.html Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="" xml:lang="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta content="pandoc" name="generator"/>
<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes" name="viewport"/>
<title>02 July, 2021</title>
<style type="text/css">
code{white-space: pre-wrap;}
span.smallcaps{font-variant: small-caps;}
span.underline{text-decoration: underline;}
div.column{display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 50%;}
</style>
<title>Covid-19 Sentry</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
<body>
<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Low frequency of community-acquired bacterial co-infection in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 based on clinical, radiological and microbiological criteria; a retrospective cohort study.</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background To define the frequency of respiratory community-acquired bacterial co-infection in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on a complete clinical assessment, including prior antibiotic use, clinical characteristics, inflammatory markers, chest computed tomography (CT) results and microbiological test results. Methods This study was conducted within a cohort of prospectively included patients admitted for COVID-19 in our tertiary medical centres between 1-3-2020 and 1-6-2020. A multidisciplinary study team developed a diagnostic protocol to retrospectively categorize patients as unlikely, possible or probable bacterial co-infection based on clinical, radiological and microbiological parameters in the first 72 hours of admission. Within the three categories, we summarized patient characteristics and antibiotic consumption. Results Among 281 included COVID-19 patients, bacterial co-infection was classified as unlikely in 233 patients (82.9%), possible in 35 patients (12.4%) and probable in 3 patients (1.1%). Ten patients (3.6%) could not be classified due to inconclusive data. Within 72 hours of hospital admission, 81% of the total study population and 78% of patients classified as unlikely bacterial co-infection received antibiotics. Conclusions COVID-19 patients are unlikely to have a respiratory community-acquired bacterial co-infection. Prospective studies should define the safety of restrictive antibiotic use in COVID-19 patients.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.23.21259020v1" target="_blank">Low frequency of community-acquired bacterial co-infection in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 based on clinical, radiological and microbiological criteria; a retrospective cohort study.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Pakistan</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Pakistan has been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. To investigate the initial introductions and transmissions of the SARS-CoV-2 in the country, we performed the largest genomic epidemiology study of COVID-19 in Pakistan and generated 150 complete SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences from samples collected before June 1, 2020. We identified a total of 347 variants, 29 of which were over-represented in Pakistan. Meanwhile, we found over one thousand intra-host single-nucleotide variants. Several of them occurred concurrently, indicating possible interactions among them. Some of the hypermutable positions were not observed in the polymorphism data, suggesting strong purifying selections. The genomic epidemiology revealed five distinctive spreading clusters. The largest cluster consisted of 74 viruses which were derived from different geographic locations and formed a deep hierarchical structure, indicating an extensive and persistent nation-wide transmission of the virus that was probably contributed by a signature mutation of this cluster. Twenty-eight putative international introductions were identified, several of which were consistent with the epidemiological investigations. No progenies of any of these 150 viruses have been found outside of Pakistan, most likely due to the nonphmarcological intervention to control the virus. This study has inferred the introductions and transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 in Pakistan, which could provide a guidance for an effective strategy for disease control.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.24.21255875v1" target="_blank">Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Pakistan</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Change in disease dynamics and health care utilization in children during COVID19 in a tertiary care hospital of Eastern India.</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
This retrospective, observational study was conducted by collecting data from medical records during COVID 19 pandemic from March 2020 till August 2020. This was compared with the data of 2019 during similar months. The impact of COVID 19 on use of preventive and curative paediatric health care service units like outpatient department, casualty, intensive care and immunization clinic were assessed. Data from 2019 to 2020 were compared using standard parametric and nonparametric tests. There was a significant decline in routine OPD (68%) attendance during the COVID 19 period as compared to pre-COVID period. Paediatric ward admissions and PICU admissions were decreased by 55% and 42% respectively. We also observed a significant 43% decline in the number of children attending immunization clinic in the year 2020. The fear of COVID 19 pandemic and the measures taken to control the pandemic has affected the health seeking behaviour of patients. This evaluation of trends in healthcare use may help in planning the delivery of healthcare service delivery in future.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.24.21259435v1" target="_blank">Change in disease dynamics and health care utilization in children during COVID19 in a tertiary care hospital of Eastern India.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Psychological interventions of virtual gamification as a motivational basis: A mixed-method systematic review</strong> -
<div>
BACKGROUND Students constantly seek ways to improve productivity within academia. With the advancement of technology in the recent decade, virtual implementations may provide additional support for student productivity, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic with online learning. One of the virtual realms for motivation include gamification, which has potential as an effective tool to further bolster an individual’s source of intrinsic motivation. METHOD Using a convergent integrated synthesis approach, qualitative and quantitative studies were extracted from APA PsycInfo, ProQuest, and IEEE for relevance to virtual gamification and intrinsic motivation. Studies were reviewed based on a pre-determined and piloted screening tool. Included studies were published between 1990 and 2020 in English within Asia, North America, and/or Europe. Only systematic reviews, randomized control trials (RCTs), metaanalysis, and grey literature were included. Study screening, extraction, and quality appraisals using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) were performed independently among two authors. Disagreements following reconciliation between two authors were settled by a third author. Heterogeneity in study designs, outcomes, and measurements precluded meta and statistical analyses; thus, a qualitative analysis of studies was provided. RESULTS Based on the appraised articles, gamification improves intrinsic motivation through badges, social interactions, points, and leaderboards. Experimental studies also displayed a correlation between learning behaviour. CONCLUSION The data exhibited an increase in intrinsic motivation due to gamification features, which can be integrated within a virtual context to enhance motivation with potential for application towards online learning settings.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/7wph4/" target="_blank">Psychological interventions of virtual gamification as a motivational basis: A mixed-method systematic review</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Heterogeneity of hypoxemia severity according to oxygenation index in COVID-19 pneumonia</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Objective: To compare hypoxemia severity of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia that arrive at an emergency department as classified by three oxygenation indexes. Design: Retrospective analysis of pulse oximeter saturation and arterial blood gas analysis obtained at arrival. Setting: Tertiary referral hospital in Mexico City converted early in the pandemic to a COVID-19 center. Patients and measurements: A total of 2,960 patients with suspected COVID-19 pneumonia were admitted to the emergency department from April 2020 until March 2021. Pulse oximeter saturation and arterial blood gas analysis was obtained in all of them. Pulse oximeter saturation (SpO2) to inspired oxygen fraction ratio (FiO2), oxygen saturation in arterial blood (SatO2) to FiO2 ratio, and oxygen pressure in arterial blood to FiO2 ratio were calculated for every patient. Interventions: None. Main Results: A strong correlation was seen between PaO2/FiO2 &amp; SpO2/FiO2 (rho = 0.6, p &lt; 0.001), and SatO2/FiO2 &amp; SpO2/FiO2 (rho = 0.65, p &lt; 0.001), while a very strong correlation was seen between PaO2/FiO2 &amp; SatO2/FiO2 (rho = 0.88, p &lt; 0.001). When classifying severity by quantiles, considerable cross-over was observed when comparing oxygenation indexes, as only 785 (26.5%) patients were in the same quintile across the three indexes. Conclusions: Hypoxemia severity is heterogeneous according to the oxygenation index utilized. This limits their usefulness as sole markers of severity, as inter-observer variability, especially on FiO2 estimation, and different practices limit consistent follow up and treatment decisions.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.23.21259421v1" target="_blank">Heterogeneity of hypoxemia severity according to oxygenation index in COVID-19 pneumonia</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>COVID-19 vaccines and evidence-based medicine</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
OBJECTIVE To clarify efficacy, effectiveness, and harm of available vaccines for COVID-19, using measures in evidence-based medicine (EBM) that, in addition to relative risk reduction, consider absolute risk reduction and variations in baseline risks. DESIGN Systematic review of studies that have considered impacts of vaccines in relation to baseline risks. Calculation of risk reduction and harms from published data in two random controlled trials and one population-based implementation study. Analysis of risk reductions in geographical areas with varying baseline risks. Comparison of results concerning COVID-19 vaccine and selected prior vaccines. SETTING Random controlled trials of Pfizer and Moderna vaccines in multiple countries; population-based study using Pfizer vaccine in Israel. Counties with varying baseline risks in the United States; states with varying baseline risks in India. PARTICIPANTS 43,448 and 30,420 subjects in the random controlled trials; 1,198,236 subjects in the population-based study. INTERVENTIONS Multi-site random controlled trials of vaccine efficacy; population-based administration of vaccine with determination of effectiveness by comparison of vaccinated and unvaccinated subjects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Relative risk reduction (RRR), absolute risk reduction (ARR), number needed to be vaccinated to prevent one symptomatic infection (NNV), absolute risk of the intervention (ARI), and number needed to harm (NNH). RESULTS A systematic review of literature in medicine and public health showed very few reports regarding ARR, NNV, ARI, and NNH; use of these indicators to compare benefits versus harms; or analysis of these EBM indicators in the context of varying baseline risks. From data in the two random controlled trials and one population-based study, calculated ARR was approximately 1 percent (as compared to RRR of 50 to 95 percent), and NNV was in the range of 100 to 500. In comparisons of ARR and NNV versus ARI and NNH, benefits and harms were not markedly different. From a sensitivity analysis of ARR and NNV in population groups with varying baseline risks, the effectiveness of vaccines as measured by ARR and NNV was substantially higher in regions with high as compared to low baseline risks. The ARR for COVID-19 vaccines was somewhat smaller and the NNV somewhat larger than achieved by some vaccines to prevent influenza and smallpox. CONCLUSION The efficacy and effectiveness of major COVID-19 vaccines, as measured by RRR, are impressive. As measured by ARR and NNV, which take into account variation in baseline risks, the effectiveness of the vaccines is substantially higher in areas with higher baseline risks. This finding can contribute to educational efforts, informed consent procedures, and policy making about priorities for vaccine distribution, especially under conditions of access barriers linked to poverty and inequality. WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THIS TOPIC Major COVID-19 vaccines so far have shown impressive efficacy in random controlled trials and effectiveness in population-based studies. To determine efficacy and effectiveness, these studies have used relative risk reduction (RRR), which shows the difference in event rate between those receiving and not receiving a vaccine. Reports of efficacy and effectiveness have not yet clarified other key indicators from evidence-based medicine (EBM) that consider variations baseline risks. Such indicators include measures of benefits such as absolute risk reduction (ARR) and number needed to be vaccinated (NNV), as well as measures of harm such as absolute risk of the intervention (ARI) and number needed to harm (NNH). WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS For COVID-19 vaccines, calculated ARR is somewhat lower and NNV somewhat higher than for certain prior vaccines such as those for influenza and smallpox. Indicators of harm for COVID-19 vaccines, as measured by ARI and NNH, appear to be in the same order of magnitude as indicators of benefit such as ARR and NNV. The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines, as measured by ARR and NNV, is substantially higher in geographical areas with high baseline risk, compared to areas with low baseline risk. These findings can assist in informed consent procedures, educational efforts, and priority setting in policies about distribution of vaccines, especially in the context of access barriers related to poverty and inequality.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.28.21259039v1" target="_blank">COVID-19 vaccines and evidence-based medicine</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence in Sierra Leone, March 2021: a cross-sectional, nationally representative, age-stratified serosurvey</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background As of 26 March 2021, the Africa CDC had reported 4,159,055 cases of COVID-19 and 111,357 deaths among the 55 African Union Member States; however, no country has published a nationally representative serosurvey as of May 2021. Such data are vital for understanding the pandemic9s progression on the continent, evaluating containment measures, and policy planning. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, nationally representative, age-stratified serosurvey in Sierra Leone in March 2021 by randomly selecting 120 Enumeration Areas throughout the country and 10 random households in each of these. One to two persons per selected household were interviewed to collect information on socio-demographics, symptoms suggestive of COVID-19, exposure history to laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases, and history of COVID-19 illness. Capillary blood was collected by fingerstick, and blood samples were tested using the Hangzhou Biotest Biotech RightSign COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test Cassette. Total seroprevalence was was estimated after applying sampling weights. Findings The overall weighted seroprevalence was 2.6% (95% CI 1.9-3.4). This is 43 times higher than the reported number of cases. Rural seropositivity was 1.8% (95% CI 1.0-2.5), and urban seropositivity was 4.2% (95% CI 2.6-5.7). Interpretation IgM positivity was elevated as of March 2021 suggesting the second wave had not yet fully abated. Although overall seroprevalence was low compared to countries in the Global North (suggesting relatively successful containment in Sierra Leone), our findings indicate enormous underreporting of active cases. This is concerning because it may reflect significant underreporting of incidence and mortality across the continent. The low level of natural immunity is also worrisome in that it presents a very large population of susceptible individuals at risk for future variant waves in a country with only 0.2% of people fully vaccinated.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.27.21259271v1" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence in Sierra Leone, March 2021: a cross-sectional, nationally representative, age-stratified serosurvey</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Trajectories of hospitalisation for patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 in Norway, December 2020 - April 2021</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background The SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern (VOC) B.1.1.7 has spread worldwide and has been associated with increased risk of severe disease. Studies on patient trajectories and outcomes among hospitalised patients infected with B.1.1.7 are essential for hospital capacity planning. Methods Using linked individual-level data from national registries, we conducted a cohort study on cases of SARS-CoV-2 in Norway hospitalised between 21 December 2020 and 25 April 2021. We calculated adjusted hazard ratios using survival analysis to examine the association between B.1.1.7 and time from symptom onset to hospitalisation, and length of stay (LoS) in hospital and ICU compared to non-VOC. We calculated adjusted odds ratios using logistic regression to examine the association between B.1.1.7 and mortality (up to 30 days post discharge) compared to non-VOC. Results We included 946 B.1.1.7 patients and 157 non-VOC. The crude median time from symptom onset to hospitalisation was 8 days (IQR: 5-10) for B.1.1.7 and 8 days (IQR: 4-11) for non-VOC. The crude median LoS in hospital was 5.0 days (IQR: 2.6-10.0) for B.1.1.7 patients and 5.1 days (IQR: 2.5-9.9) for non-VOC. Fifty-four (6%) B.1.1.7 patients died, compared to 14 (9%) non-VOC. There was no difference in the unadjusted or adjusted estimates of our outcome measures for B.1.1.7 and non-VOC patients. Conclusions B.1.1.7 does not appear to influence hospitalised patient trajectories, compared to non-VOC. These findings, along with the success of ongoing vaccination programmes, are encouraging for ongoing capacity planning in the hospital sector.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.28.21259380v1" target="_blank">Trajectories of hospitalisation for patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 in Norway, December 2020 - April 2021</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence among First Responders in Northeastern Ohio</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Objectives: First responders including firefighters, emergency medical technicians (EMT), paramedics, and police officers are working on the front lines to fight the COVID-19 pandemic and facing a higher risk of infection. This study assessed the seroprevalence among first responders in northeastern Ohio during May- September 2020. Methods: A survey and IgG antibody test against SARS-CoV-2 were offered to University Hospitals Health System affiliated first responder departments. Results: A total of 3080 first responders with diverse job assignments from more than 400 fire and police departments participated in the study. Among them, 73 (2.4%) were seropositive while only 0.8% had previously positive RT-PCR results. Asymptomatic infection accounts for 46.6% of seropositivity. By occupation, seropositive rates were highest among administration/support staff (3.8%), followed by paramedics (3.0%), EMTs (2.6%), firefighters (2.2%), and police officers (0.8%). Seroprevalence was not associated with self-reported exposure as work exposure rates were: paramedics 48.2%, firefighters 37.1%, EMTs 32.3%, police officers 7.7%, and administration/support staff 4.4%. Self-reported community exposure was strongly correlated with self-reported work exposure rate rather than seroprevalence suggesting a potential impact of risk awareness. Additionally, no significant difference was found among gender or age groups; however, black Americans have a higher positivity rate than other races although they reported lower exposure. Conclusions: Despite the high work-associated exposure rate to SARS-CoV-2 infection, first responders with different roles demonstrated seroprevalence no higher than their administrative/supportive colleagues, which suggests infection control measures are effective in preventing work-related infection.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.27.21259432v1" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence among First Responders in Northeastern Ohio</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The Role of CRP, Interleukin-6 and Their Derived Immune-Inflammatory Indices in Early Prediction of Severity and Mortality of COVID-19 Patients</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), finding sensitive biomarkers is critical for detecting severe cases early and intervening effectively. Objectives: To compare and evaluate the prognostic value of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and their derived immune-inflammatory indices (CRP/albumin (CRP/alb), lymphocyte/CRP (L/CRP), and lymphocyte/IL-6 (L/IL-6)) in COVID-19 patients. Methods: On admission, 85 confirmed COVID-19 patients9 measured and collected laboratory data were obtained and compared. Results: Levels of CRP, IL-6 and CRP/alb were significantly higher (P=0.001) in severe patients and in non-survivors, but L/CRP and L/IL-6 were significantly lower (P=0.001). The best predictive performance for COVID-19 severity was observed at 1.65 for CRP/alb and 260.86 for L/CRP with 84.7% diagnostic accuracy for both. The best diagnostic accuracy for COVID-19 in-hospital mortality was 87.1% by IL-6 at 120 pg/ml and 85.9% by L/IL-6 at 5.40. The performance of the combined prediction was better than the single prediction by one biomarker. IL-6 was an independent risk factor associated with severe disease development (odds ratio (OR): 1.033; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.002-1.066). Conclusions: Pretreatment values of CRP, IL-6 and their derived indices could be included in the diagnostic work-up of COVID-19 to stratify disease severity and predict outcomes.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.28.21259644v1" target="_blank">The Role of CRP, Interleukin-6 and Their Derived Immune-Inflammatory Indices in Early Prediction of Severity and Mortality of COVID-19 Patients</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The COVID-related mental health load of neonatal healthcare professionals: a multicentre study in Italy.</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically affected healthcare professionals9 lives. We investigated the potential mental health risk faced by healthcare professionals working in neonatal units in a multicentre cross-sectional observational study. Methods. We included all healthcare personnel of 7 level-3 and 6 level-2 neonatal units in Tuscany, Italy. We measured the level of physical exposure to COVID-19 risk, self-reported COVID-related stress, and mental health load outcomes (anxiety, depression, burnout, psychosomatic, and post-traumatic symptoms) via validated, self-administered, online questionnaires. Results. We analysed 314 complete answers. Scores above the clinical cutoff were reported by 91% of participants for anxious symptoms, 29% for post-traumatic symptoms, 13% for burnout, and 3% for depressive symptoms. Moreover, 50% of the participants reported at least one psychosomatic symptom. COVID-related stress (but not actual physical exposure) was significantly associated with all the measured mental health load outcomes, with a Risk Ratio of 3.33 (95% Confidence interval: 1.89, 5.85) for clinically relevant anxiety, 2.39 (1.69, 3.38) for post-traumatic symptoms, 1.79 (1.16, 2.75) for emotional exhaustion, and 2.51 (0.98, 6.44) for depression. Conclusions. Despite the low clinical impact of COVID-19 in neonatology, neonatal professionals are a specific population at risk for psychological consequences during the pandemic.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.23.21259414v1" target="_blank">The COVID-related mental health load of neonatal healthcare professionals: a multicentre study in Italy.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Coping under stress: Prefrontal control predicts stress burden during the COVID-19 crisis</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has confronted millions of people around the world with an unprecedented stressor, affecting physical and mental health. Accumulating evidence suggests that emotional and cognitive self-regulation is particularly needed to effectively cope with stress. Therefore, we investigated the predictive value of affective and inhibitory prefrontal control for stress burden during the COVID-19 crisis. Method: Physical and mental health burden were assessed using an online survey, which was administered to 104 participants of an ongoing German at-risk birth cohort during the first wave in April 2020. Two follow-ups were carried out during the pandemic, one capturing the relaxation during summer and the other the beginning of the second wave of the crisis. Prefrontal activity during emotion regulation and inhibitory control were assessed prior to the COVID-19 crisis. Results: Increased inferior frontal gyrus activity during emotion regulation predicted lower stress burden at the beginning of the first and the second wave of the crisis. In contrast, inferior and medial frontal gyrus activity during inhibitory control predicted effective coping only during the summer, when infection rates decreased but stress burden remained unchanged. These findings remained significant when controlling for sociodemographic and clinical confounders such as stressful life events prior to the crisis or current psychopathology. Conclusions: We demonstrate that differential stress-buffering effects are predicted by the neural underpinnings of emotion regulation and cognitive regulation at different stages during the pandemic. These findings may inform future prevention strategies to foster stress coping in unforeseen situations.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.28.21259570v1" target="_blank">Coping under stress: Prefrontal control predicts stress burden during the COVID-19 crisis</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The health impacts of a 4-month long community-wide COVID-19 lockdown: Findings from a prospective longitudinal study in the state of Victoria, Australia.</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Objectives. To determine health impacts during, and following, an extended community lockdown and COVID-19 outbreak in the Australian state of Victoria, compared with the rest of Australia. Methods. A national cohort of 898 working-age Australians enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study, completing surveys before, during, and after a 112-day community lockdown in Victoria (8 July - 27 October 2020). Outcomes included psychological distress, mental and physical health, work, social interactions and finances. Regression models examined health changes during and following lockdown. Results. The Victorian lockdown led to increased psychological distress. Health impacts coincided with greater social isolation and work loss. Following the extended lockdown, mental health, work and social interactions recovered to an extent whereby no significant long-lasting effects were identified in Victoria compared to the rest of Australia. Conclusion. The Victorian community lockdown had adverse health consequences, which reversed upon release from lockdown. Governments should weigh all potential health impacts of lockdown. Services and programs to reduce the negative impacts of lockdown may include increases in mental health care, encouraging safe social interactions and supports to maintain employment relationships.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.28.21259672v1" target="_blank">The health impacts of a 4-month long community-wide COVID-19 lockdown: Findings from a prospective longitudinal study in the state of Victoria, Australia.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Real-time RT-PCR Allelic Discrimination Assay for Detection of N501Y Mutation in the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Associated with Variants of Concern</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The N501Y amino acid mutation caused by a single point substitution A23063T in the spike gene of SARS-CoV2 is possessed by the three most common variants of concern - B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1. A rapid screening tool using this mutation is important for surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic. We developed and validated a single nucleotide polymorphism real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay using allelic discrimination of the spike gene N501Ymutation to screen for potential variants of concern and differentiate them from wild-type SARS-CoV-2. A total of 160 clinical specimens positive for SARS-CoV-2 were characterized as mutant (N501Y) or wild-type by Sanger sequencing and were subsequently tested with the N501Y single nucleotide polymorphism real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay. Our assay compared to sequencing, the gold standard for SNP detection and lineage identification, demonstrated clinical sensitivity of 100% for all 57 specimens displaying N501Y mutant, which were confirmed by Sanger sequencing to be typed as A23063T, including one specimen with mixed signal for wildtype and mutant. Clinical specificity was 100% in all 103 specimens typed as wild-type, with A23063 identified as wild-type by Sanger sequencing. The identification of circulating SARS-CoV-2 lineages carrying an N501Y mutation is critical for surveillance purposes. Current identification methods rely primarily on Sanger sequencing or whole genome sequencing which are time-consuming, labor-intensive and costly. The assay described herein is an efficient tool for high-volume specimen screening for SARS-CoV-2 VOCs and for selecting specimens for confirmatory Sanger or whole genome sequencing.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.23.21258782v1" target="_blank">Real-time RT-PCR Allelic Discrimination Assay for Detection of N501Y Mutation in the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Associated with Variants of Concern</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Doctors and Nurses Social Media Ads Reduced Holiday Travel and COVID-19 infections: A cluster randomized controlled trial in 13 States</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
During the COVID-19 epidemic, many health professionals started using mass communication on social media to relay critical information and persuade individuals to adopt preventative health behaviors. Our group of clinicians and nurses developed and recorded short video messages to encourage viewers to stay home for the Thanksgiving and Christmas Holidays. We then conducted a two-stage clustered randomized controlled trial in 820 counties (covering 13 States) in the United States of a large-scale Facebook ad campaign disseminating these messages. In the first level of randomization, we randomly divided the counties into two groups: high intensity and low intensity. In the second level, we randomly assigned zip codes to either treatment or control such that 75% of zip codes in high intensity counties received the treatment, while 25% of zip codes in low intensity counties received the treatment. In each treated zip code, we sent the ad to as many Facebook subscribers as possible (11,954,109 users received at least one ad at Thanksgiving and 23,302,290 users received at least one ad at Christmas). The first primary outcome was aggregate holiday travel, measured using mobile phone location data, available at the county level: we find that average distance travelled in high-intensity counties decreased by -0.993 percentage points (95% CI -1.616, -0.371, p-value 0.002) the three days before each holiday. The second primary outcome was COVID-19 infection at the zip-code level: COVID-19 infections recorded in the two-week period starting five days post-holiday declined by 3.5 percent (adjusted 95% CI [-6.2 percent, -0.7 percent], p-value 0.013) in intervention zip codes compared to control zip codes.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.23.21259402v1" target="_blank">Doctors and Nurses Social Media Ads Reduced Holiday Travel and COVID-19 infections: A cluster randomized controlled trial in 13 States</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cognitive and Psychological Disorders After Severe COVID-19 Infection</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID 19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Diagnostic Test: Cognitive assessment;   Diagnostic Test: Imaging;   Diagnostic Test: Routine care;   Other: Psychiatric evaluation<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Central Hospital, Nancy, France;   Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besancon;   University Hospital, Strasbourg, France;   Centre Hospitalier Régional Metz-Thionville;   Centre hospitalier Epinal;   Hopitaux Civils de Colmar<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Phase 1 Study to Assess Safety, Tolerability, PD, PK, Immunogenicity of IV NTR-441 Solution in Healthy Volunteers and COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: NTR-441;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Neutrolis<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>MP1032 Treatment in Patients With Moderate to Severe COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: MP1032;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   MetrioPharm AG;   Syneos Health, LLC<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study of Codivir in Patients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Covidir injections;   Diagnostic Test: One Step Test;   Diagnostic Test: IgM and IgG dosage;   Diagnostic Test: RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2;   Diagnostic Test: Screening blood test;   Diagnostic Test: ECG;   Diagnostic Test: Medical evaluation;   Diagnostic Test: NEWS-2 score;   Diagnostic Test: WHO score<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Code Pharma<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study to Evaluate the Safety and Concentrations of Monoclonal Antibody Against Virus That Causes COVID-19 Disease.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Virus Disease<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: MAD0004J08;   Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Toscana Life Sciences Sviluppo s.r.l.;   Cross Research S.A.<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Immunogenicity of LNP-nCOV saRNA-02 Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2, the Causative Agent of COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: LNP-nCOV saRNA-02 Vaccine<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy of Inhaled Therapies in the Treatment of Acute Symptoms Associated With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: inhaled beclametasone;   Drug: Inahaled beclomethasone / formoterol / glycopyrronium<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   UPECLIN HC FM Botucatu Unesp;   Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Dapsone Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Trial (DAP-CORONA) COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Dapsone 85 mg PO BID;   Drug: Placebo 85 mg PO BID<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   McGill University Health Centre/Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre;   Pulmonem Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Covid-19 Patients Management During Home Isolation</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Procedure: Oxygen therapy and physical therapy;   Device: Oxygen therapy<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Cairo University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ivermectin Versus Standard Treatment in Mild COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Ivermectin Tablets<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Assiut University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Tolerability,Safety of JS016 in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   SARS-CoV-2<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Combination Product: JS016 (anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Peking Union Medical College Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SCALE-UP Utah: Community-Academic Partnership to Address COVID-19 Testing Among Utah Community Health Centers</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: Text-Messaging (TM);   Behavioral: Patient Navigation (PN)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of Utah;   Association for Utah Community Health;   Utah Department of Health;   National Institutes of Health (NIH)<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SCALE-UP Utah: Community-Academic Partnership to Address COVID-19 Vaccination Rates Among Utah Community Health Centers</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: Text-Messaging (TM);   Behavioral: Patient Navigation (PN)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of Utah;   Association for Utah Community Health;   Utah Department of Health;   National Institutes of Health (NIH)<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Chinese Herbal Formula for COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: mQFPD;   Drug: organic brown rice<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University of California, San Diego<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Remdesivir- Ivermectin Combination Therapy in Severe Covid-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Ivermectin<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Assiut University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Postinfection treatment with a protease inhibitor increases survival of mice with a fatal SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection continues to be a serious global public health threat. The 3C-like protease (3CLpro) is a virus protease encoded by SARS-CoV-2, which is essential for virus replication. We have previously reported a series of small-molecule 3CLpro inhibitors effective for inhibiting replication of human coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture and in animal models. Here we generated a series of deuterated variants of a 3CLpro…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Potential In Vitro Inhibition of Selected Plant Extracts against SARS-CoV-2 Chymotripsin-Like Protease (3CL(Pro)) Activity</strong> - Antiviral treatments inhibiting Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication may represent a strategy complementary to vaccination to fight the ongoing Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Molecules or extracts inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2 chymotripsin-like protease (3CL^(Pro)) could contribute to reducing or suppressing SARS-CoV-2 replication. Using a targeted approach, we identified 17 plant products that are included in current and traditional cuisines as…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Antiviral Activity of Vitis vinifera Leaf Extract against SARS-CoV-2 and HSV-1</strong> - Vitis vinifera represents an important and renowned source of compounds with significant biological activity. Wines and winery bioproducts, such as grape pomace, skins, and seeds, are rich in bioactive compounds against a wide range of human pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. However, little is known about the biological properties of vine leaves. The aim of this study was the evaluation of phenolic composition and antiviral activity of Vitis vinifera leaf extract against two…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Antiviral Effects of Green Tea EGCG and Its Potential Application against COVID-19</strong> - (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant component of catechins in tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze), plays a role against viruses through inhibiting virus invasiveness, restraining gene expression and replication. In this paper, the antiviral effects of EGCG on various viruses, including DNA virus, RNA virus, coronavirus, enterovirus and arbovirus, were reviewed. Meanwhile, the antiviral effects of the EGCG epi-isomer counterpart (+)-gallocatechin-3-O-gallate (GCG) were…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Identification of 13 Guanidinobenzoyl- or Aminidinobenzoyl-Containing Drugs to Potentially Inhibit TMPRSS2 for COVID-19 Treatment</strong> - Positively charged groups that mimic arginine or lysine in a natural substrate of trypsin are necessary for drugs to inhibit the trypsin-like serine protease TMPRSS2 that is involved in the viral entry and spread of coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Based on this assumption, we identified a set of 13 approved or clinically investigational drugs with positively charged guanidinobenzoyl and/or aminidinobenzoyl groups, including the experimentally verified TMPRSS2 inhibitors Camostat and…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Antimicrobial Peptides and Physical Activity: A Great Hope against COVID 19</strong> - Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), α- and β-defensins, possess antiviral properties. These AMPs achieve viral inhibition through different mechanisms of action. For example, they can: (i) bind directly to virions; (ii) bind to and modulate host cell-surface receptors, disrupting intracellular signaling; (iii) function as chemokines to augment and alter adaptive immune responses. Given their antiviral properties and the fact that the development of an effective coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Influence of Different Glycoproteins and of the Virion Core on SERINC5 Antiviral Activity</strong> - Host plasma membrane protein SERINC5 is incorporated into budding retrovirus particles where it blocks subsequent entry into susceptible target cells. Three structurally unrelated proteins encoded by diverse retroviruses, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Nef, equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) S2, and ecotropic murine leukemia virus (MLV) GlycoGag, disrupt SERINC5 antiviral activity by redirecting SERINC5 from the site of virion assembly on the plasma membrane to an internal RAB7+…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Seleno-Functionalization of Quercetin Improves the Non-Covalent Inhibition of M(pro) and Its Antiviral Activity in Cells against SARS-CoV-2</strong> - The development of new antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 is a valuable long-term strategy to protect the global population from the COVID-19 pandemic complementary to the vaccination. Considering this, the viral main protease (M^(pro)) is among the most promising molecular targets in light of its importance during the viral replication cycle. The natural flavonoid quercetin 1 has been recently reported to be a potent M^(pro) inhibitor in vitro, and we explored the effect produced by the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Statins in COVID-19 Therapy</strong> - Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3methylgultaryl-coenzyme A reductase (statins) are one of the main groups of drugs used in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases worldwide. They are widely available, cheap, and well-tolerated. Based on statins’ pleiotropic properties, including improvement of endothelial dysfunction, antioxidant properties, atherosclerotic plaque stabilization, and inhibition of inflammatory responses, it can be hypothesized that the use of statins, at least as an adjuvant in…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Significant Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 In Vitro by a Green Tea Catechin, a Catechin-Derivative, and Black Tea Galloylated Theaflavins</strong> - Potential effects of tea and its constituents on SARS-CoV-2 infection were assessed in vitro. Infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 was decreased to 1/100 to undetectable levels after a treatment with black tea, green tea, roasted green tea, or oolong tea for 1 min. An addition of (-) epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) significantly inactivated SARS-CoV-2, while the same concentration of theasinensin A (TSA) and galloylated theaflavins including theaflavin 3,3’-di-O-gallate (TFDG) had more remarkable…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>To Trap a Pathogen: Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Their Role in Mucosal Epithelial and Skin Diseases</strong> - Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating innate immune cells and comprise the first immune defense line, as they are the most rapidly recruited cells at sites of infection or inflammation. Their main microbicidal mechanisms are degranulation, phagocytosis, cytokine secretion and the formation of extracellular traps. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are a microbicidal mechanism that involves neutrophil death. Since their discovery, in vitro and in vivo neutrophils have been challenged…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Role of JAK/STAT in Interstitial Lung Diseases; Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms</strong> - Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) comprise different fibrotic lung disorders characterized by cellular proliferation, interstitial inflammation, and fibrosis. The JAK/STAT molecular pathway is activated under the interaction of a broad number of profibrotic/pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-11, and IL-13, among others, which are increased in different ILDs. Similarly, several growth factors over-expressed in ILDs, such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Elicits High Avidity and Neutralizing Antibodies in Healthcare Workers</strong> - The BNT162b2 vaccine, containing lipid nanoparticles-formulated mRNA encoding the full-length spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, has been employed to immunize health care workers in Italy, administered in two doses 21 days apart. In this study, we characterized the antibody response induced by the BNT162b2 vaccine in a group of health care workers, tested at baseline, after the first dose and after the booster. Thirty-nine subjects without previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2 were vaccinated with the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Estrogen Receptor Modulators in Viral Infections Such as SARS-CoV-2: Therapeutic Consequences</strong> - COVID-19 is a pandemic respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The worldwide epidemiologic data showed higher mortality in males compared to females, suggesting a hypothesis about the protective effect of estrogens against severe disease progression with the ultimate end being patient’s death. This article summarizes the current knowledge regarding the potential effect of estrogens and other modulators of estrogen receptors on COVID-19. While estrogen receptor activation shows…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Human Defensins Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Blocking Viral Entry</strong> - Innate immunity during acute infection plays a critical role in the disease severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and is likely to contribute to COVID-19 disease outcomes. Defensins are highly abundant innate immune factors in neutrophils and epithelial cells, including intestinal Paneth cells, and exhibit antimicrobial and immune-modulatory activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of human α- and β-defensins and RC101, a…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 anti-viral therapeutic</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU327160071">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A POLYHERBAL ALCOHOL FREE FORMULATION FOR ORAL CAVITY</strong> - The present invention generally relates to a herbal composition. Specifically, the present invention relates to a polyherbal alcohol free composition comprising of Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract, Ocimum sanctum leaf extract, Elettaria cardamomum fruit extract, Mentha spicata (Spearmint) oil and Tween 80 and method of preparation thereof. The polyherbal alcohol free composition of the present invention possesses excellent antimicrobial properties and useful for oral cavity. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN325690740">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>MEDIDOR DE SATURACION</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=ES325874099">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>폐마스크 밀봉 회수기</strong> - 본 발명은 마스크 착용 후 버려지는 일회용 폐마스크를 비닐봉지에 넣은 후 밀봉하여 배출함으로써, 2차 감염을 예방하고 일반 생활폐기물과 선별 분리 배출하여 환경오염을 방지하는 데 그 목적이 있다. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=KR325788342">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>백신 냉각 및 해동 기능을 갖는 백신 보관장치</strong> - 본 발명은 백신 냉각 및 해동 기능을 갖는 백신 보관장치에 관한 것으로, 상, 하부하우징의 제1상, 하부누출방지공간에 냉각물질이 충입된 냉각파이프를 설치하되, 제2상, 하부누출방지공간에 가열물질이 충입된 가열파이프를 설치하여, 구획판부에 의해 구획된 백신냉각공간 및 백신해동공간 각각을 냉각 및 가열하고, 보조도어를 통해 백신냉각공간 내에 수용된 백신을 구획판부의 백신출구도어를 통해 백신해동공간으로 이동시켜, 백신해동공간 내에서 백신을 해동함으로써, 즉시 사용이 가능한 백신을 인출도어를 통해 인출할 수 있다. 본 발명에 따르면, 냉각파이프에 저장된 냉매에 의해 백신냉각공간 내의 온도가 극저온 상태로 변화되고, 극저온 상태를 유지하는 백신냉각공간 내에 백신을 저장하여, 안전하게 보관 할 수 있으며, 백신냉각공간 내의 백신을 백신해동공간 내로 이동시켜, 백신해동공간 내에서 백신을 해동할 수 있고, 이 해동된 백신을 인출도어를 통해 인출한 후 즉시 사용할 수 있어 백신을 해동하는 시간이 단축되며, 보조도어를 통해 백신냉각공간 내의 백신을 백신해동공간으로 이동시켜, 백신이 외기에 노출될 우려가 없으며, 백신냉각공간 내의 백신을 백신해동공간으로 이동시키거나 또는 인출도어를 통해 백신 인출시 정렬장치가 백신을 보조도어 및 인출도어 직하방에 자동 위치시킨다. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=KR327274025">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>백신 인출용 보조도어를 갖는 백신 저온 보관장치</strong> - 본 발명은 백신정렬 기능을 갖는 백신 저온 보관장치에 관한 것으로, 상, 하부하우징의 이중 격벽 안에 냉매가 충입된 냉매파이프를 설치하여, 이 냉매파이프에 의해 상, 하부하우징의 백신 보관 공간이 극저온 상태를 유지하도록 하고, 하부하우징의 가이드벽 사이에 수용된 백신을 정렬장치로 가압하여, 상부하우징의 보조도어 직하방에 백신이 위치되도록 하되, 이때, 보조도어를 개방하여 하부하우징 내에 수용된 백신을 인출하면, 정렬장치가 가이드벽 사이에 수용된 백신을 보조도어 방향으로 밀어내어, 보조도어 직하방에 백신이 순차적으로 자동 위치된다. 본 발명에 따르면, 상, 하부하우징의 이중 격벽 내에 냉매 파이프가 설치되어, 이 냉매 파이프에 저장된 냉매에 의해 백신 보관공간 내의 온도가 극저온 상태로 변화되고, 이 극저온 상태를 유지하는 백신 보관공간 내에 백신을 저장하여, 안전하게 보관 할 수 있으며, 수분이나 외부 공기 유입이 차단되어 백신을 안전하게 보관되고, 온도계와 압력계를 이용하여 백신 보관공간과 냉매 압력을 실시간으로 감지할 수 있고, 보조도어를 통해 백신 보관공간 내의 백신을 독립적으로 인출할 수 있으며, 보조도어를 통해 백신 인출시 정렬장치가 백신을 보조도어 방향으로 밀어내어, 보조도어 직하방에 백신이 자동 위치되고, 외기 유입 방지로 백신 보관공간 내의 온도가 극저온 상태로 유지된다. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=KR327274024">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SAFE TOUCH ANTI VIRAL LUGGAGE TROLLEY HANDLE</strong> - The invention is directed to a safe-touch, anti-viral luggage trolley handle, comprising PVC plastic with the addition of a silver-based antimicrobial additive. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU324956574">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mampara plegable portatil</strong> - Mampara Plegable Portátil (MPP) diseñada para acoplarse/fijarse al borde de una mesa caracterizada por estar formado por dos mordazas o piezas de sujeción al borde de una mesa donde se ensambla la estructura que porta la pantalla o lámina protectora transparente auto enrollable por mecanismo automático. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=ES325744081">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>METHOD OF IDENTIFYING SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONA VIRUS 2 (SARS-COV-2) RIBONUCLEIC ACID (RNA)</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU323956811">link</a></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Erweiterbare Desinfektionsvorrichtung</strong> -
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Erweiterbare Desinfektionsvorrichtung, umfassend: einen Hauptkörper, der eine umgekehrt U-förmige Basisplatte aufweist, wobei die umgekehrt U-förmige Basisplatte mit einer Öffnung versehen ist und jeweils eine Seitenplatte sich von zwei Seiten der umgekehrt U-förmigen Basisplatte nach außen erstreckt; und mindestens eine Desinfektionslampe, die in den auf zwei Seiten des Hauptkörpers befindlichen Seitenplatten angeordnet ist und eine Lichtemissionseinheit, eine Erfassungseinheit, eine Steuereinheit und eine Stromversorgungseinheit umfasst.</p></li>
</ul>
<img alt="embedded image" id="EMI-D00000"/>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=DE326402480">link</a></li>
</ul>
<script>AOS.init();</script></body></html>

742
archive-daily-dose/02 July, 2021.html Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,742 @@
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="" xml:lang="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta content="pandoc" name="generator"/>
<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes" name="viewport"/>
<title>02 July, 2021</title>
<style type="text/css">
code{white-space: pre-wrap;}
span.smallcaps{font-variant: small-caps;}
span.underline{text-decoration: underline;}
div.column{display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 50%;}
</style>
<title>Daily-Dose</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><style>*{overflow-x:hidden;}</style><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
<body>
<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Supreme Court’s Surprising Term</strong> - During a time when the country has been starkly divided on matters ranging from the pandemic to the Presidency, the Court has largely avoided partisanship. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/07/05/the-supreme-courts-surprising-term">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Lina Hidalgo’s Political Rise</strong> - The thirty-year-old Houston chief executive is creating a model for how progressives can govern effectively. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/us-journal/lina-hidalgos-political-rise">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Unexplained Phenomena of the U.F.O. Report</strong> - A new intelligence document examines a hundred and forty-three sightings that might have been caused by errant balloons, foreign drones, or “Other”—a reserved way of saying aliens. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/the-unexplained-phenomena-of-the-ufo-report">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Persistent Fantasy of a Trump Knockout Punch</strong> - Will the New York case against the Trump Organization—finally—be his accountability moment? - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-bidens-washington/the-persistent-fantasy-of-a-trump-knockout-punch">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>After a Hundred Years, What Has China’s Communist Party Learned?</strong> - Beijing reverts to a belief that paranoia and suspicion are the best policies. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/after-a-hundred-years-what-has-chinas-communist-party-learned">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>How to be a good ancestor</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Otl7qP52h_HiiM3ZG5-t5iI5RDs=/225x0:1576x1013/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/69533596/2.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Christina Animashaun/Vox
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Don’t get trapped in the now. You can help future generations survive risks like climate change, pandemics, and artificial intelligence.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8undYu">
In 2015, 20 residents of Yahaba, a small town in northeastern<strong> </strong>Japan, went to their town hall to take part in a unique experiment.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RcLCwr">
Their goal was to design policies that would shape the future of Yahaba. They would debate questions typically reserved for politicians: Would it be better to invest in infrastructure or child care? Should we promote renewable energy or industrial farming?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Nl2Ix7">
But there was a twist. While half the citizens were invited to be themselves and express their own opinions, the remaining participants were asked to put on special ceremonial robes and play the part of people from the future. Specifically, they were told to imagine they were from the year 2060, meaning they’d be representing the interests of a future generation during group deliberations.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bQ2gIa">
<a href="http://www.souken.kochi-tech.ac.jp/seido/wp/SDES-2017-19.pdf">What unfolded</a> was striking. The citizens who were just being themselves advocated for policies that would boost their lifestyle in the short term. But the people in robes advocated for much more radical policies — from massive health care investments to climate change action — that would be better for the town in the long term. They managed to convince their fellow citizens that taking that approach would benefit their grandkids. In the end, the entire group reached a consensus that they should, in some ways, act against their own immediate self-interest in order to help the future.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Ih5T72">
This experiment marked the beginning of Japan’s <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/18/7796">Future Design</a> movement. What started in Yahaba has since been replicated in city halls around the country, feeding directly into real policymaking. It’s one example of a burgeoning global attempt to answer big moral questions: Do we owe it to future generations to take their interests into account? What does it look like to incorporate the preferences of people who don’t even exist yet? How can we be good ancestors?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Dv8YoB">
Several Indigenous communities have long embraced the principle of “seventh-generation decision making,” which involves weighing how choices made today will affect a person born seven generations from now. In fact, it’s that kind of thinking that inspired Japanese economics professor Tatsuyoshi Saijo to create the Future Design movement (he learned about the concept while visiting the US and found it extraordinary).
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yDf4Sa">
But most of us probably haven’t given much thought to how we can become good ancestors. As a quote attributed to Groucho Marx puts it: “Why should I care about future generations — what have they ever done for me?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="K1b2Nq">
It’s also just genuinely hard to focus on the future when we’re struggling under the weight of our day-to-day problems, and when everything in society — from our political structures (think two- and four-year election cycles) to our consumerist technologies (think Amazon’s “Buy Now” button) — seems to favor short-term solutions.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VFXZeA">
And yet, failing to think long term is a huge problem. Threats like climate change, pandemics, and rapidly emerging technologies are making it clear that it’s not enough to adopt “sustainability” as a buzzword. If we really want human life to be sustainable, we need to break out of our fixation on the present. Training ourselves to take the long view is arguably the best thing we can do for humanity.
</p>
<h3 id="CpKOsY">
Why we should<strong> </strong>care about people who don’t exist yet
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="39JIVZ">
Picture this: A child is drowning in front of you. You see her desperate limbs flailing in a pond, and you know you could easily wade into the waters and save her. Your clothes would get muddy, but your life wouldn’t be in any danger. Should you rescue her?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="prcSat">
Of course you should.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iXnTU9">
Now, what if I told you that the child was on the other side of the world, in a village in Nepal. She’s drowning in a pond there right now. An adult just like you is passing by the pond and sees her flailing. Is it just as important for that adult to save her as it is for you to save the child near you?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="s4RIdy">
Hilary Greaves, a philosopher at the University of Oxford, thinks you should answer yes. “I’d hope that most reasonable people would agree that pain and suffering on the other side of the world matter just as much as pain and suffering here,” she said. In other words, spatial distance is morally irrelevant.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GdA14X">
“And if you think that, then it’s pretty hard to see why the case of temporal distance would be any different,” Greaves continued. “If there’s a child suffering terribly in 300 years’ time, and this is completely predictable — and there’s just as much that you could do about it as there is that you could do about the suffering of a child today — it’d be pretty strange to think that just because it’s in the future it’s less important.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BP4SXz">
This hypothetical <strong>— </strong>an adaptation of a <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/12/6/20992100/peter-singer-effective-altruism-lives-you-can-save-animal-liberation">classic Peter Singer thought experiment</a> — highlights the idea that future lives matter, and that we should care about improving them just like we care about improving those of people alive today.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="REaVNp">
Roman Krznaric, a research fellow at the <a href="https://longnow.org/">Long Now Foundation</a> and the author of the new book<em> </em><a href="https://www.romankrznaric.com/"><em>The Good Ancestor</em></a>, offers an even starker analogy. “If it’s wrong to plant a bomb on a train that kills a bunch of children right now, it’s also wrong to do it if it’s going to go off in 10 minutes or 10 hours or 10 years,” he told me. “I think we shouldn’t be afraid of making that moral argument.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zZFhqe">
And, increasingly, people <em>are</em> making that moral argument. “Legal struggles for the rights of future people are exploding around the world,” Krznaric said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HUDca0">
In 2015, 21 young Americans filed a landmark case against the government — <em>Juliana v. United States</em> — in which they argued that its failure to confront climate change will have serious effects on both them and future generations, which constitutes a violation of their rights.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8ZPu7I">
In 2019, 15 children and teens in Canada filed a <a href="https://davidsuzuki.org/project/youth-climate-lawsuit/#editor-1">similar lawsuit</a>. That same year, the Supreme Court of the Netherlands <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/20/climate/netherlands-climate-lawsuit.html">issued a groundbreaking ruling</a> ordering the government to cut its greenhouse gas emissions, citing its duty of care to current and future generations.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3pgHcB">
This past April, <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/29/historic-german-ruling-says-climate-goals-not-tough-enough">Germany’s Federal Constitutional Court</a> likewise ruled that the government’s current climate measures weren’t good enough to protect future generations, giving it until the end of 2022 to improve its carbon emissions targets.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kUluoG">
Also in April, <a href="http://climatecasechart.com/climate-change-litigation/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/non-us-case-documents/2021/20210415_13410_judgment.pdf">Pakistan’s Supreme Court</a> ruled against the expansion of the <a href="https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2019/10/10/20904213/climate-change-steel-cement-industrial-heat-hydrogen-ccs">cement industry</a>, which is terrible for the climate, in certain areas of Punjab. In the decision, the presiding justice wrote: “The tragedy is that tomorrow’s generations aren’t here to challenge this pillaging of their inheritance. The great silent majority of future generations is rendered powerless and needs a voice. This Court should be mindful that its decisions also adjudicate upon the rights of the future generations of this country.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qf2Q1y">
Krznaric, who was surprised and delighted to find his book cited in the court proceedings, told me, “These lawyers and judges are trying to find a language to talk about something they know is right, and it’s about intergenerational justice. Law is generally slow, but stuff is happening fast.”
</p>
<aside id="u6a9Sz">
<div>
</div>
</aside>
<h3 id="6QfmHj">
How to nudge society to care more about the long term
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WFP00S">
The push to embrace this kind of thinking isn’t limited to the courts. A few countries have already created government agencies dedicated to thinking about policy in the very long term. Sweden has a “<a href="https://link.vox.com/click/24306013.12223/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudmljZS5jb20vZW4vYXJ0aWNsZS9lenA0YW0vc3dlZGVucy1taW5pc3Rlci1vZi10aGUtZnV0dXJlLWV4cGxhaW5zLWhvdy10by1tYWtlLXBvbGl0aWNpYW5zLXRoaW5rLWxvbmctdGVybQ/608adc2491954c3cef02e6bfBbe163a51">Ministry of the Future</a>,” and <a href="https://link.vox.com/click/24306013.12223/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZnV0dXJlZ2VuZXJhdGlvbnMud2FsZXMvdGVhbS9zb3BoaWUtaG93ZS8/608adc2491954c3cef02e6bfB9c14786e">Wales</a> and the <a href="https://link.vox.com/click/24306013.12223/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYXJhYm5ld3MuY29tL25vZGUvMTQ0OTgwMS9idXNpbmVzcy1lY29ub215/608adc2491954c3cef02e6bfB1b9a94dc">United Arab Emirates</a> both have something similar.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wUYAvp">
Prominent figures in other countries are pushing their governments in that direction.<strong> </strong>For example, philosopher <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/21728925/charity-10-percent-tithe-giving-what-we-can-toby-ord">Toby Ord</a>, who spearheads a British nonprofit called the Centre for Long-Term Resilience, published a <a href="https://11f95c32-710c-438b-903d-da4e18de8aaa.filesusr.com/ugd/e40baa_8692f88bd29f483aa5f77656c8bd4888.pdf">report</a> in June urging the UK to appoint a chief risk officer who would be responsible for sussing out and preparing for extreme risks.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JfdXjY">
“By my estimate, the likelihood of the world experiencing an existential catastrophe over the next 100 years is one in six — Russian Roulette,” Ord <a href="https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/fhi-experts-call-on-uk-government-to-prepare-for-extreme-risks-in-new-report-future-proof/">said</a>. “We cannot survive many centuries operating at a level of extreme risk like this.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cDFWpw">
Ord emphasizes that humanity is<strong> </strong>highly vulnerable to dangers in two realms: biosecurity and artificial intelligence. Powerful actors could develop <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/5/1/21243148/why-some-labs-work-on-making-viruses-deadlier-and-why-they-should-stop">bioweapons</a>, and individuals could misuse advances in synthetic biology to create man-made pandemics that are much worse than those that occur naturally. AI could <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2018/12/21/18126576/ai-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-safety-alignment">outstrip human-level intelligence</a> in the coming decades and, if not aligned with our values and goals, could wreak havoc on human life. These are potential existential risks to humanity, and we need to devote a lot more time and money to mitigating them.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nSe4Fm">
On both sides of the Atlantic, intellectuals in recent years have formed organizations dedicated to cultivating long-term thinking. While Ord has been busy building the Centre for Long-Term Resilience in the UK, for example, Ari Wallach has been working on <a href="https://www.longpath.org/">Longpath</a> in the US. Operating under the motto “Be Great Ancestors,” Longpath gathers together CEOs, academics, and other individuals to do exercises meant to counter short-term thinking, from practicing mindfulness to <a href="https://www.longpath.org/futureme">writing letters to their future selves</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oadhqi">
There’s a story in the Talmud that Wallach likes to tell participants: “One day, a man named Honi was walking along and saw a man planting a carob tree. Honi asked him, ‘How many years will it take until it will bear fruit?’ He said, ‘Not for 70 years.’ Honi said, ‘Do you really believe you’ll live another 70 years?’ The man answered, ‘I found this world provided with carob trees, and as my ancestors planted them for me, so I too plant them for my descendants.’”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="InkbUp">
What the man expresses in the story is gratitude toward his ancestors, and it’s that emotion that propels him to look out for his future descendants. The story captures a truth about human psychology that has since been validated in <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0272494420306824?dgcid=rss_sd_all">scientific studies</a>: Eliciting gratitude in people is an effective behavioral nudge for getting them to act in the best interests of future generations.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qrOZ5A">
“When people evoke feelings of gratitude (through prayer, counting blessings, etc.), the result on decisions is one of patience and value for the future relative to the present. We find they become more generous and even extract fewer resources from common resource pools,” David DeSteno, a psychology professor at Northeastern University, told me. “If gratitude makes you willing to extract fewer resources in the present (e.g., fish), they (e.g., fish stocks) can replenish or remain for future generations. Of course, this reduces immediate profit.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JJzX0f">
DeSteno’s words highlight a fundamental tension: If we really care about creating a sustainable future for humanity, we may need to be willing to sacrifice some short-term gains.
</p>
<aside id="C2h34A">
<div>
</div>
</aside>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IbYVRC">
But Wallach doesn’t think we need to frame this as a tough trade-off at all. He doesn’t ask people to sacrifice the concrete pleasures of today for the abstract rewards of tomorrow. Instead, he’s found it more effective to highlight how acting altruistically toward future generations can actually bring us pleasure now.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HMgdI7">
“When we ask people if they want to be the great ancestor that the future needs them to be, as part of what gives them meaning and purpose, they are no longer under the spell of lifespan bias,” he told me. “They see themselves as part of something larger. They are no longer being asked to sacrifice for the future, but to enhance their own sense of meaning and purpose in their present.”
</p>
<h3 id="zaB46u">
Is caring for the future more important than caring for the present?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LDGgEK">
If you’ve gotten this far and you’re convinced that you should look out for future generations, you’re already ahead of lots of people. But it might interest you to know that some philosophers think longtermism — the idea that we should be concerned with ensuring that the future goes well — doesn’t actually go far enough.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nF3jCo">
Both Greaves and another Oxford philosopher, Will MacAskill, advocate for <a href="https://globalprioritiesinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/The-Case-for-Strong-Longtermism-GPI-Working-Paper-June-2021-2.pdf">strong longtermism</a>, which says that impacts on the far future aren’t just an important feature of our actions — they’re the<em> most </em>important feature. And when they say far future, they really mean <em>far</em>: They argue we should be thinking about the consequences of our actions not just one or five or seven generations from now, but thousands or even millions of years ahead.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0P922I">
Their reasoning goes like this: There are going to be far more people alive in the future than there are in the present or have been in the past. Of all the human beings who will ever be alive in the universe, the vast majority will live in the future.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QIdKOP">
If our species lasts for as long as Earth remains a habitable planet, we’re talking about at least 1 quadrillion people coming into existence — 100,000 times the population of Earth today. (Even if you think there’s only a 1 percent chance that our species lasts for as long as Earth is habitable, the math still means the number of future people outstrips the number of present people.) And if humans settle in space one day, we could be looking at an even longer, more populous future for our species.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="L7s5ZH">
Now, if you believe that all humans count equally regardless of where or when they live (remember the drowning-child-in-Nepal thought experiment?), you have to think about the impacts of our actions on all their lives. Since there are far more people to affect in the future — because most people who’ll ever exist will exist in the future — it follows that the impacts that matter most are those that affect future humans.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SmBye2">
That’s how the argument goes, anyhow. And if you buy it, it might dramatically change some of your choices in life. Instead of donating to soup kitchens or charities that save kids from malaria today, you may donate to researchers who are figuring out how to ensure that tomorrow’s AI will be aligned with human values. Instead of devoting your career to being a family doctor, you may devote it to research on pandemic prevention. You’d know there’s only a tiny probability your donation or actions<strong> </strong>will help humanity avoid catastrophe, but you’d reason that it’s worth it — if your bet does pay off, the payoff would be enormous.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vAAOEx">
But you might not buy this argument at all. You might object that you can’t reliably predict the effects of your actions in one year, never mind 1,000 years, so it doesn’t make sense to invest a lot of resources in trying to positively impact the future when the effects of your actions might wash out in a few years or decades.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7HzoyM">
That’s a very reasonable objection. Greaves acknowledges that in a lot of cases, we suffer from “moral cluelessness” about the downstream effects of our actions. “But,” she told me, “that’s not the case for all actions.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GrC32S">
She recommends targeting issues that come with “lock-in” opportunities, or ways of doing good that result in the positive benefits being locked in for a long time. For example, you could pursue a career aimed at establishing national or international norms around carbon emissions, or nuclear bombs, or regulations for labs that deal with dangerous pathogens. These actions are almost certain to do good — the kind of good that won’t be undone quickly.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GpDp55">
“It’s in the nature of a lock-in mechanism that the effects of your actions persist for an extremely long time,” Greaves said. “So it gets rid of your concern that the effects will keep getting dampened and dampened as you get further into the future.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Q9MY9f">
You might object to strong longtermism on different grounds, though. You might think, perhaps not unfairly, that it smacks of privilege — that it’s easy to take such a position when you live in relative prosperity, but that people living in miserable conditions today need our help now, and we have a duty to ease their suffering.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qwXv56">
In fact, you might reject the premise that all humans count equally regardless of when they live. Maybe you think we have an especially strong duty to humans who are alive in the present because aggregated effects on people’s welfare aren’t the only things that matter — things like justice matter too. We might owe it to disadvantaged groups today to help them out, possibly as reparations for harm done in the past through colonialism or slavery.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jyUbsC">
When I voiced this objection to Greaves, she admitted it’s plausible that thinking, utilitarian-style, only about what would be the better outcome doesn’t exhaust the moral story — that maybe we should take virtues such as justice into account. But she said it’s still a mistake to think that that obviously sways the balance in favor of present people. If justice is in the picture, she rebutted, why shouldn’t justice also apply to future people?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8Iq93g">
“Take the case of reparations. If you think that there are some people we owe reparations to because of wrongs done in the past that are affecting their interests now, and in some of those cases you’re talking about wrongs that were done hundreds of years ago, that quite nicely makes the point that bad things we do now can — via the route of justice — have adverse impacts in a couple hundred years’ time,” Greaves said. “So you might think it’s a matter of justice that we owe it to future generations to bequeath them both an existence in the first place and the conditions for their flourishing.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Tqwf3z">
It’s worth noting that Greaves does not find it easy to live her philosophy. She told me she feels awful whenever she walks past a homeless person. She’s acutely aware she’s not supporting that individual or the larger cause of ending homelessness because she’s supporting longtermist causes instead.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rtOsVw">
“I feel really bad, but it’s a limited sense of feeling bad because I do think it’s the right thing to do given that the counterfactual is giving to these other [longtermist]<strong> </strong>causes that are more effective,” she said. “The morally appropriate thing is to occupy this kind of middle space where you’re still gripped by present-day suffering but you recognize there’s an even more important thing you can do with the limited resources.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YCu40e">
Not everyone will agree with this reasoning, and that’s perfectly okay. You can agree with longtermism without agreeing with strong longtermism.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6uNEwM">
You can also decide that strong longtermism is pretty intellectually convincing, but you’re not confident enough in its claims that you want to devote 100 percent of your charitable donations or your time to exclusively longtermist causes. In that case, you can split your money (or time) into different buckets: You might decide that 50 percent of your donations go to longtermist issues and 50 percent go to causes like poverty, homelessness, or racial justice.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FAYZsL">
If you feel safer hedging your bets this way, you’re not alone. Even Greaves admits that it’s scary to commit fully to her philosophy. “It’s<strong> </strong>like you’re standing on a pin over a chasm,” she told me. “It feels dangerous, in a way, to throw all this altruistic effort at existential risk mitigation and probably do nothing, when you know that you could’ve done all this good for near-term causes.”
</p>
<aside id="4vkgl1">
<div>
</div>
</aside>
<h3 id="8gb8dU">
A few things about the future we can all probably agree on
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8HU3ai">
If you care about helping both present and future generations, you might want to think about things that check both boxes. This is the strategy Krznaric recommends. “Let’s find the sweet spot between our self-interest today and the future that even Groucho Marx might be happy with,” he said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="N2A8pz">
While Krznaric isn’t confident in our ability to predict the knock-on effects of technological shifts, he thinks it’s easier to say for sure that certain ecological shifts would be good. For example, if we donate to groups that make a positive difference in staving off climate change and preventing pandemics, that’s really good for us today and in the near future — <em>and</em> highly likely to be positive for the long-run future too.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FTRBFc">
“What do we know about human life, whether it’s today or in 200 years or 300 years?” he said. “We know that if there are any creatures like us, they’ll need air to breathe and water to drink. If you want to think long term, one of the best ways to do it is, don’t think about time, think about place.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7lJKAn">
He cited biologists such as <a href="https://biomimicry.org/janine-benyus/">Janine Benyus</a>, who explains how some creatures have managed to survive for 10,000 generations and beyond: by taking care of the place that will take care of their offspring. They live within the boundaries of the ecosystem in which they’re embedded. They don’t foul the nest.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3jXfPa">
This focus on safeguarding place for both the present and the future could end up being an important line of research within longtermism. One advantage of this approach is that it’s not excessively morally demanding, whereas it’s maybe too demanding to say that we ought to devote most of our resources to improving the far future even when it comes at a serious cost to current interests.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Bpsm23">
Mind you, Greaves and MacAskill make a good point when they <a href="https://globalprioritiesinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/The-Case-for-Strong-Longtermism-GPI-Working-Paper-June-2021-2.pdf">write</a> that “even if, for example, there is an absolute cap on the total sacrifice that can be morally required, it seems implausible that society today is currently anywhere near that cap.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uaT6xr">
Ultimately, the world doesn’t need everyone to focus all of their resources on the far future all the time — but we’re a long way from a situation where even a fraction of us are focusing even a fraction of our resources on it.<strong> </strong>Because long-term thinking is so neglected, it would probably do a lot of good if more of us were to direct more attention to making human life sustainable.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="z1Vdod">
And if we think human life in the future might be full of awesome things like happiness and knowledge and beauty — or even if we think there’s just a decent chance it could be more good than bad — then thinking about how to increase the odds of such a future for later generations is really worth our time.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="s0rbHA">
In fact, our lives may start to feel much more meaningful if we regularly pause to ask ourselves: How can I shape the larger story of humanity into something fruitful? What carob trees am I planting?
</p>
<h3 id="S0dUko">
Further reading:
</h3>
<ul>
<li id="tyT618">
Nick Beckstead’s 2013 philosophy <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B8P94pg6WYCIc0lXSUVYS1BnMkE/view?resourcekey=0-nk6wM1QIPl0qWVh2z9FG4Q">dissertation</a>, “On the Overwhelming Importance of Shaping the Far Future,” set the groundwork for more recent philosophical work on longtermism.
</li>
<li id="VDlcUF">
Hilary Greaves and Will MacAskill’s <a href="https://globalprioritiesinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/Hilary-Greaves-and-William-MacAskill_strong-longtermism.pdf">original working paper</a>, “The Case for Strong Longtermism,” frames the case in very strong terms: “For the purposes of evaluating actions, we can in the first instance often <em>simply ignore</em> all the effects contained in the first 100 (or even 1000) years, focussing primarily on the further-future effects. Short-run effects act as little more than tie-breakers.” The <a href="https://globalprioritiesinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/The-Case-for-Strong-Longtermism-GPI-Working-Paper-June-2021-2.pdf">revised version</a>, dated June 2021, leaves this passage out.
</li>
<li id="QkzXiX">
Hilary Greaves <a href="https://80000hours.org/podcast/episodes/hilary-greaves-global-priorities-institute/#learn-more">explains</a> “moral cluelessness” on the <em>80,000 Hours</em> podcast.
</li>
<li id="Ub8QCM">
Toby Ord <a href="https://80000hours.org/podcast/episodes/why-the-long-run-future-matters-more-than-anything-else-and-what-we-should-do-about-it/">argues</a> the long-term future matters more than anything else, also on the <em>80,000 Hours</em> podcast.
</li>
<li id="Wwb4Vg">
Roman Krznaric has a running <a href="https://www.romankrznaric.com/good-ancestor/resources">list on his website</a> of organizations promoting long-term thinking, as well as an interesting <a href="https://www.romankrznaric.com/good-ancestor/intergenerational-solidarity-index">Intergenerational Solidarity Index</a>, a measure of how much different nations provide for the well-being of future generations.
</li>
</ul></li>
<li><strong>The surprisingly political history of K-pop</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="An illustration of a K-pop act." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ov8XfASgXtiOut-ZlYo9bLDRiow=/81x1897:3034x4112/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/69483932/p.6.0.png"/>
<figcaption>
Sam Nakahira for Vox
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The influence of the “wave” of Korean music and film on global culture was no accident.
</p>
<div class="c-float-left">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/YYgW4HsU995yniG4Y5QuEoQvF0Y=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/21899595/VOX_The_Highlight_Box_Logo_Horizontal.png"/>
</figure>
</div>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="By almost any measurement, the K-pop band BTS is the most popular band in the world. They’ve broken records for sales and audience engagement, topped global and American charts, and spawned a massive fanbase. " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/kiX9y2b1mweD-eTwms0qR_2Tig4=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22656419/1.png"/>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="In 2020, the music video for their English-language single “Dynamite” became the first K-pop song in history to debut at #1 on the Billboard Hot 100.&amp;nbsp; " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/P8uHuoTuTQeId1nwPPwAVChsEn0=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22656420/2.png"/>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="But BTS isn’t alone. K-pop, or Korean music that blends pop, hip-hop, and dance to create enormously infectious entertainment, is exploding. Over the last decade, numerous K-pop bands, or idol groups, have gained massive popularity around the world. " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/v14fdqP16YThWL7IXiOKBGkzZ3s=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22656421/3.png"/>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="In 2019, the Blackpink became the first all-girl K-pop group to headline Coachella. " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/NVngyLhUxbRScb2ZmZOmVZun1r0=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22656422/4.png"/>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="The boy band NCT is launching a US-based reality show to choose the newest members of their group. " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/6dB_pnCPkmd5fyWIXZQ15-uHw44=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22656424/5.png"/>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="K-pop’s catchy sound and sharp choreography are increasingly everywhere, and its distinctive production values have deeply influenced the global pop landscape." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/agUW-cgmbeLt8p2LjFRtnTCVDaA=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22656425/6.png"/>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="K-pop is part of Hallyu (“Korean wave”), the term for the ongoing exporting and globalization of Korean entertainment and culture that began in the late 1990s. It has led to the global popularity of&amp;nbsp; everything from idol groups to Korean skincare to video games." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/lc8oGk_Oya51EXIC61eY7qhDBi4=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22656426/7.png"/>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="Hallyu didn’t arise from nowhere. It began as a deliberate strategy orchestrated by the Korean government in response to a changing global economy — and its rise can be directly tied to Korea’s economic, geopolitical, and cultural role in the 20th century. " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/YO9rS534xVrNytOGtoK_ZWtk1XI=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22656428/8.png"/>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="After Japan’s occupation of Korea ended in 1945, the Korean War again brought outsiders to the nation, as&amp;nbsp; US military troops were stationed throughout South Korea. " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/iDT7nl-vO0jnmTi6Xd6eve9T66E=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22656429/9.png"/>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="The origins of K-pop are often attributed to this time, when Korean bands would perform Western-influenced pop music for American soldiers." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/fDGDYSMq11wxu24WlA3K1grR5Dg=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22656431/10.png"/>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="After the Korean War, dictator General Park Chunghee —encouraged by the US, who had and still has a military presence in Korea — invested in rapid industrialization of South Korea. Entertainment industries were ignored or censored heavily by the regime." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/aZUs8MpYT3EiAckWhS4VN0B427Q=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22656432/11.png"/>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="After his assassination, Korea began to change during the 1980s and 90s, and with its modernization, to cultivate its cultural exports. Corporations like Samsung began to invest in Korean filmmaking. " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/PynwZ6cPDiVWuJDL3NeO8W3smUQ=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22656433/12.png"/>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="Then, in 1994, a South Korean government council published an intriguing report pointing out that one blockbuster — its example was Jurassic Park — could single-handedly equal the sales of over a million Korean-manufactured cars. " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/rzXOHCTvzBxb-JcsCsepEMcSViI=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22656435/13.png"/>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="This potential cash cow became very important after the devastating 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, when South Korea suddenly faced economic woes, followed by protests of international bailouts." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/aP6CvgDnltCsXo9L0Fe2dPY6eEQ=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22656436/14.png"/>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="“We must pour our energy into globalizing Korean culture...Tourism, the convention industry, the visual industry, and special cultural commodities are a treasure trove for which a limitless market is awaiting.” -President Kim Dae Jung, in his 1998 Inaugural Address " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/RAz3hkl65YNqJvPRWTAiUMlDfYQ=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22656437/15.png"/>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="This was the beginning of Hallyu — and K-pop.&amp;nbsp;To help it develop, the South Korean government provided funding and benefits to giant conglomerates to promote movies, entertainment, video games, and music." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Yrkp-lUsOt11GzunTYP8K0oY8DM=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22662691/kdramaNEW.png"/>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="This government-directed support for pop culture&amp;nbsp; isn’t unique to Korea: Many other nations have taken a similar approach to rebuilding&amp;nbsp; — like Roosevelt’s New Deal in the Depression-era U.S., or Milton Keynes’ postwar reconstruction of Britain. Both programs included arts subsidization as a way of fueling economic growth. By 2018, its entertainment industry was worth an estimated $9.5 billion. But K-pop’s influence isn’t just financial. It’s cultural. " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/us298RQOfgrzexHOoez1eN9szHg=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22656440/17.png"/>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="K-pop can be described as a source of Korean soft power, or a country’s ability to wield global power through appeal and attraction rather than through economic and military means." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/LyqH62eG7hcfKDzLVCHHnsb4OAU=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22656441/18.png"/>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="Hallyu has already found its way into politics. Idols performed at the historic summit between North and South Korean leaders in 2018. " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/jSHMqrDStcohwDmjBrAkOhrZ3GQ=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22656442/19.png"/>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="All this might feel familiar to American pop culture fans. The U.S. also relies heavily on soft power political influence, investing in Hollywood and other forms of entertainment after WWII to export American nationalism globally. It’s one reason why K-pop’s global rise is often used by American pundits and thinkers as a sign of America’s declining cultural dominance. " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/r9YoC74Jr1rxoqqlH88AcwHUtBM=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22656448/20.png"/>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="But Hallyu’s government origins haven’t stopped Korean entertainers from using their platforms as a voice for the people. In his viral 2012 hit, “Gangnam Style,” entertainer Psy cleverly satirized Korea’s severe income inequality. " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/BHnbnXKpeIL05y7eyBdOKkmpzJc=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22656449/21.png"/>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="In 2002 and 2004, Psy performed at anti-American protests against the Iraq War and the accidental killing of two South Korean schoolgirls by a US military vehicle stationed in South Korea for which he eventually apologized after gaining fame in the US. " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/kbQkW6aAfaRntTYh9k1YCbKSZtU=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22656450/22.png"/>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="Economic inequality has been a recurring theme for director Bong Joon-ho, director of the 2020 Oscar-winner Parasite. K-pop artists have also been speaking out about anti-Asian hate crimes following the Atlanta attacks." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/0LrYs10hJV5WDViArkJVrYQURww=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22656451/23.png"/>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="But Kpop’s rise has paved the way towards another form of power: the fans themselves. K-pop fans are some of the most dedicated in the world, ensuring their idols dominate streaming and record sales charts. They have proved a force for political organizing as well — during the American 2020 election, K-pop fans claim they registered hundreds of thousands of tickets to a Donald Trump rally and did not show up, severely thinning the crowd. " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/bToV1zva_VVmx-rWC7FYVeM6cR8=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22656452/24.png"/>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="As the fandom continues to grow into a force of its own, fans are also beginning to reckon with ongoing racism within its ranks — and the issue of cultural appropriation of Black culture." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/tKFu65Bp4489oCWPRsQw2KSoO6k=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22656453/25.png"/>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="As new international fans discover K-pop and Korean culture, Hallyu looks likely to continue to grow. Understanding the roots of the industry is core to understanding the power of the genre’s appeal today." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/oLzaiS9Zh_D_oTWU5TMt-KnwM18=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22656454/26.png"/>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JnSYM1">
<em>Sam Nakahira is a comic artist and recent graduate from the Center of Cartoon Studies. Her Twitter is <span class="citation" data-cites="smnakha">@smnakha</span> and more of her work can be found at </em><a href="http://samnakahira.com/"><em>samnakahira.com</em></a><em>. </em>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="S6QZPl">
</p>
<div>
<div id="5c3wXK">
<div>
</div>
</div>
</div></li>
<li><strong>3 winners and 3 losers from the just-completed Supreme Court term</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/nRkeJ57SPZmTjw25KYtMNjCwuWc=/323x0:6818x4871/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/69533515/GettyImages_1324720016t.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
A view of the US Supreme Court on June 21, 2021. | Win McNamee/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The biggest loser was democracy.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5ZrErI">
The Supreme Court just completed its first term since liberal Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg’s death, and her speedy replacement with conservative Justice Amy Coney Barrett. So the preeminent question on many court-watchers’ minds was just how many victories the Republican Party — and the conservative movement more generally — would rack up in a 6-3 conservative Court.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Ke1E9o">
The answer to that question is that Republicans probably got about 80 to 90 percent of what they realistically could have expected. The Court did not neutralize the entire Voting Rights Act, as some Republican litigants basically asked the Court to do, but it <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/7/1/22559046/supreme-court-voting-rights-act-brnovich-dnc-samuel-alito-elena-kagan-democracy">hamstrung the one remaining provision it had thus far left intact</a>. The Court also <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/6/23/22547182/supreme-court-union-busting-cedar-point-hassid-john-roberts-takings-clause">targeted labor unions</a>. It <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/7/1/22559318/supreme-court-americans-for-prosperity-bonta-citizens-united-john-roberts-donor-disclosure">hung a sword of Damocles</a> over laws requiring political campaigns to disclose their donors. And it <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/4/12/22379689/supreme-court-amy-coney-barrett-religion-california-tandon-newsom-first-amendment">revolutionized much of the Court’s religion jurisprudence</a>, handing big victories to the Christian right in the process.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LBXEiB">
The term was not a clean sweep for conservatives. But the few high-profile victories for liberals were either very narrow or involved frivolous legal claims that no reasonable judge would endorse. The Court, for example, <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/6/17/22538462/supreme-court-obamacare-california-texas-stephen-breyer-standing-individual-mandate-constitution">dismissed an attack on the Affordable Care Act</a> that was widely mocked even by prominent critics of Obamacare. (It’s also normal for conservatives to lose a few high-profile cases after the Court takes a significant rightward turn, because partisan lawyers are <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/7/12/21319929/supreme-court-term-liberals-win-conservative-john-roberts-neil-gorsuch-abortion-daca-guns">more likely to make more dubious legal arguments</a> when they think the Court is on their side.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XGQey5">
As several commentators have noted, the Court did seem to <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/06/18/politics/roberts-kavanaugh-barrett-supreme-court/index.html">divide into three camps for much of the term</a>. The three liberal justices struggled to hold back a growing right-wing tide, while Justices Clarence Thomas, Samuel Alito, and Neil Gorsuch often pushed for bigger and more legally dubious conservative victories. That left Chief Justice John Roberts, Justice Brett Kavanaugh, and Barrett in the middle.
</p>
<div class="c-wide-block">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/3sXzDO1Q_OLDZdsdbl8CnE3Hvqg=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694801/GettyImages_1232480847t.jpg"/> <cite>Erin Schaff-Pool/Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Members of the Supreme Court pose for a group photo on April 23, 2021 in Washington, DC.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jbxygD">
But the biggest takeaway from this term is that the Court’s middle is really far to the right. If you’re a conservative, and your biggest complaint about the Supreme Court is that a majority of the justices rejected an anti-Obamacare lawsuit that many Republicans tried to distance themselves from, you don’t have much to complain about.
</p>
<h3 id="ZGdUfV">
Loser: Democracy
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="o7Llbk">
Roberts has spent much of his career crusading against voting rights, <a href="https://www.vox.com/21211880/supreme-court-chief-justice-john-roberts-voting-rights-act-election-2020">specifically the Voting Rights Act of 1965</a>, the landmark civil rights law that ended Jim Crow practices disenfranchising Black voters and prohibiting race discrimination of all kinds in elections.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Jztelq">
As a young Justice Department lawyer, Roberts fought unsuccessfully to convince President Ronald Reagan to <a href="https://www.vox.com/21211880/supreme-court-chief-justice-john-roberts-voting-rights-act-election-2020">veto an important 1982 amendment to the law</a>, which overturned a previous Supreme Court decision making it very difficult to win Voting Rights Act lawsuits. As a justice, Roberts wrote the Court’s decision in <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=4053797526279899410&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=6&amp;as_vis=1&amp;oi=scholarr"><em>Shelby County v. Holder</em></a> (2013), which neutralized much of the law. He also joined two other opinions severely weakening the rest of the law — the latter of which, <a href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/20pdf/19-1257_g204.pdf"><em>Brnovich v. DNC</em></a>, was decided on the last day of this term.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GOig2j">
The practical impact of this trilogy is that <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/7/1/22559046/supreme-court-voting-rights-act-brnovich-dnc-samuel-alito-elena-kagan-democracy">the Voting Rights Act is barely alive</a>. Under <em>Brnovich</em>, for example, states are likely to have carte blanche to roll back early voting and absentee voting, as well as other, similar innovations that became common in the last four decades. And most challenges to the latest wave of Republican voter suppression laws are likely to fail.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Boyj8is6NNIB_mXSR9Ik4ji22oA=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695178/GettyImages_1233687451t.jpg"/> <cite>Stefani Reynolds/Bloomberg via Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Demonstrators march during the “Freedom Ride for Voting Rights” rally on June 26, 2021, in Washington, DC.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="h8XYUg">
And, on top of all of that, the Court’s decision in <a href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/20pdf/19-251_p86b.pdf"><em>Americans for Prosperity Foundation v. Bonta</em></a>, in Justice Sonia Sotomayor’s words, places a “bull’s-eye” on all laws requiring political organizations and campaigns to disclose their donors.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dcDdOe">
Simply put, the Court moved the country several steps closer to <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2021/6/15/22522504/republicans-authoritarianism-trump-competitive">competitive authoritarianism</a> this term.
</p>
<h3 id="8BgmNE">
Winner: The shadow docket
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9dKJIU">
The “<a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/8/11/21356913/supreme-court-shadow-docket-jail-asylum-covid-immigrants-sonia-sotomayor-barnes-ahlman">shadow docket</a>” refers to an array of emergency motions, requests to stay lower court opinions, and other Supreme Court orders handed down without following the Court’s ordinary deliberative procedures. The Court typically spends months pondering cases that receive full briefing and oral argument before the justices. Shadow docket cases, by contrast, are often decided in mere days — meaning that they can often lead to haphazard decision-making if the justices are insufficiently cautious.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RNIwGL">
This risk was on full display this past term, as the Court appeared to take one, extraordinarily aggressive approach in the religion cases that arose on its shadow docket, while also being much more cautious in a case that was briefed and argued.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uPCx6u">
One of the biggest surprises from this past term was the Court’s narrow decision in <a href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/20pdf/19-123_g3bi.pdf"><em>Fulton v. City of Philadelphia</em></a> — a potentially very significant religion case that arose on the Court’s ordinary docket. <em>Fulton</em> was decided after the Court handed down several <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/4/12/22379689/supreme-court-amy-coney-barrett-religion-california-tandon-newsom-first-amendment">transformative victories for the religious right</a> in shadow docket cases. And these shadow docket cases ruled in favor of religious objectors, holding that churches and other houses of worship could <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/12/2/21726876/supreme-court-religious-liberty-revolutionary-roman-catholic-diocese-cuomo-amy-coney-barrett">ignore public health regulations intended to prevent the spread of Covid-19</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PGEygZ">
The stakes in <em>Fulton </em>were <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/6/17/22538645/supreme-court-fulton-philadelphia-lgbtq-catholic-social-services-foster-care-john-roberts-religion">enormous</a> — though not quite as enormous as the shadow docket cases about whether public health officials may limit the spread of a deadly disease. <em>Fulton</em> presented the question of whether people with religious objections to homosexuality have a constitutional right to discriminate against same-sex couples.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Ma9D46">
Yet, rather than following the path laid out in its shadow docket decisions this term, <em>Fulton</em> <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/6/17/22538645/supreme-court-fulton-philadelphia-lgbtq-catholic-social-services-foster-care-john-roberts-religion">ended instead with a whimper</a>. The Court decided the case on such fact-specific grounds that it is far from clear that the majority opinion has any implications at all for future cases.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AHQPfD">
It’s not at all clear what to make of this outcome, but one possible explanation is that, when it chose to decide important cases very quickly — as it did in its shadow docket religion cases — the justices rushed to an outcome that they would have avoided if they’d taken more time to think.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KohzCB">
As Sotomayor wrote in a <a href="https://affordablecareactlitigation.files.wordpress.com/2020/02/19a905_7m48.pdf">2020 opinion</a> warning that her Court is too eager to decide important cases without adequate deliberation, shadow docket cases can “force the Court to consider important statutory and constitutional questions that have not been ventilated fully in the lower courts, on abbreviated timetables and without oral argument.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="erhR0y">
Although three justices — Thomas, Alito, and Gorsuch — would have given religious conservatives the sweeping legal immunity they sought in <em>Fulton</em>, Barrett wrote a brief concurring opinion explaining that she was unwilling to overrule a three-decade-old precedent denying such immunity to religious objectors until she had a better sense of what should replace that precedent.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="53Kb14">
For Barrett, at least, the opportunity to spend months, instead of mere days, thinking about <em>Fulton</em> appears to have stirred her to caution.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gMIuiK">
It remains to be seen whether the Court will heed Sotomayor’s warnings about deciding major cases on the shadow docket in the future. In this past term, however, the Court was quite willing to make sweeping decisions with minimal deliberation.
</p>
<h3 id="Vd32Sm">
Loser: Samuel Alito
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nBlNXE">
Justice Samuel Alito is the Court’s <a href="https://archive.thinkprogress.org/the-most-partisan-supreme-court-justice-of-all-fd31c58a25aa/">most reliable partisan</a>, and that’s especially true in cases involving the Affordable Care Act. Last term, Alito was the <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/4/27/21238357/obamacare-supreme-court-maine-communities-united-states-risk-corridors-sonia-sotomayor">sole dissenting voice</a> in an 8-1 decision rejecting a $12 billion scheme by Republicans to sabotage Obamacare. Overall, he’s heard four Obamacare cases and ruled in favor of the side seeking to undermine the law every single time.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/RTZAcRehOK59R21CcGhYF8IG6Qw=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694826/GettyImages_56873492t.jpg"/> <cite>Ken Heinen/Supreme Court Pool via Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Justice Samuel Alito signs his oath card as Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. (right) and Justices Antonin Scalia and David Souter (left) look on in the background on February 16, 2006.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YG7GgH">
Yet <a href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/20pdf/19-840_6jfm.pdf"><em>California v. Texas</em></a>, the most recent of these cases (the Court voted 7-2 to <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/6/17/22538462/supreme-court-obamacare-california-texas-stephen-breyer-standing-individual-mandate-constitution">reject this latest attack on Obamacare</a> earlier this month) was unlike the others in that much of the conservative movement spent the past couple of years trying to distance itself from the <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/3/2/21147037/obamacare-supreme-court-texas-john-roberts">unusually weak legal arguments</a> presented in that case. The Wall Street Journal’s editorial board, ordinarily a strident foe of the Affordable Care Act, labeled the case the “<a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/texas-obamacare-blunder-11544996418">Texas Obamacare Blunder</a>.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vsmOz8">
Indeed, the <em>Texas</em> case, which was <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/6/17/22538462/supreme-court-obamacare-california-texas-stephen-breyer-standing-individual-mandate-constitution">brought by 18 Republican state attorneys general</a> and backed by the Trump administration, inspired a bizarre spectacle during Barrett’s confirmation hearing last fall — where Senate Democrats warned that Barrett could <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/06/17/judicial-torpedo-that-wasnt-what-amy-coney-barretts-obamacare-vote-tells-us/">vote to strike down Obamacare</a>, while their Republican counterparts rushed to Barrett’s defense by <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/10/15/senate-republicans-obamacare-429491">predicting that their own party’s lawsuit would flop</a>. In the end, Barrett voted to dismiss the case for lack of jurisdiction.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HLchHl">
Alito, by contrast, was one of two votes to strike down Obamacare almost in its entirety (Gorsuch was the other), and he explained his vote in an opinion that was widely mocked, even by his conservative allies. Jonathan Adler, one of the architects of a <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/6/26/21304229/supreme-court-trump-justice-department-health-care-obamacare-affordable-care-act-texas-california">previous lawsuit</a> seeking to sabotage the Affordable Care Act, wrote that the better parts of Alito’s opinion “cannot work the way that Justice Alito wants it to,” and that the least persuasive parts “<a href="https://reason.com/volokh/2021/06/17/what-the-supreme-court-got-right-and-justice-alito-got-wrong-in-the-texas-aca-decision/">are inexplicably shallow and poorly argued</a>.” National Review’s Robert VerBruggen wrote that “the <a href="https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/farewell-to-the-dumb-obamacare-lawsuit/">worst thing about the decision is that two conservative justices</a>, Samuel Alito and Neil Gorsuch, mostly bought the lawsuit’s preposterous arguments.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xyA4lk">
The thrust of Alito’s dissenting opinion in <em>Texas</em> was that an amended provision of the Affordable Care Act that <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/6/17/22538462/supreme-court-obamacare-california-texas-stephen-breyer-standing-individual-mandate-constitution">literally does nothing</a> is unconstitutional, and that the appropriate response is to invalidate nearly all of Obamacare.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Yh4kg4">
It may seem odd to include Alito on a list of losers, since he was the author of <em>Brnovich </em>and his Republican Party saw many significant victories this term, but the justice beclowned himself with his <em>Texas </em>opinion. It was the sort of opinion that is so poorly reasoned, it makes you question his fitness for judging.
</p>
<h3 id="cxfIxA">
Winner: Student-athletes
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PASf3D">
I will confess that I <a href="https://www.vox.com/22348385/supreme-court-ncaa-alston-football-basketball-march-madness-college-sports-antitrust">did not see</a> the Supreme Court’s unanimous decision striking down many of the NCAA’s limits on college athlete compensation coming.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7hddY5">
The Court’s decision in <a href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/20pdf/20-512_gfbh.pdf"><em>National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Alston</em></a> is fairly straightforward. Federal antitrust law typically <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/6/21/22543598/supreme-court-ncaa-alston-student-athletes-football-basketball-sports-antitrust">prevents competitors from colluding with each other to set prices</a>, including the price of labor. But the NCAA sets labor prices for the entire college sports industry. Under the normal rules that apply to any other industry, that’s simply not allowed.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Mi9TzL">
But for the past several decades, antitrust law — and especially conservative judges tasked with interpreting antitrust law — was <a href="https://www.vox.com/22348385/supreme-court-ncaa-alston-football-basketball-march-madness-college-sports-antitrust">heavily influenced by a 1978 book by the late Robert Bork</a>, a judge whose failed Supreme Court nomination in 1987 transformed him into a right-wing martyr. Bork advanced the proposition that companies should be free to collude so long as their behavior does not lead to higher prices for consumers. And there’s no reason to believe that poorly compensated athletes drive up costs for college basketball or football fans.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/-okPdpwjXSHoMRqLOUFKA90hqXE=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695150/GettyImages_466914234t.jpg"/> <cite>Mike Ehrmann/Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
The University of Mississippi Rebels and Xavier University Musketeers basketball team run by the logo at mid-court during the NCAA Men’s Basketball Tournament on March 19, 2015.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AS7ByQ">
There’s even a 1984 Supreme Court decision, <a href="https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/468/85.html"><em>NCAA v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma</em></a>, which cites Bork for the proposition that sports leagues should be exempted from many restrictions that antitrust law imposes on other businesses.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2h6vxA">
But the NCAA didn’t just lose its bid for an antitrust exemption before the Supreme Court — it lost badly in a unanimous decision written by Gorsuch, one of the Court’s most conservative members.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BGobeo">
It remains to be seen whether <em>Alston</em> represents a sea change in how the Court’s right flank approaches antitrust suits, or whether it will be unwilling to apply antitrust law to most corporations with the same vigor that it applied it to universities. But <em>Alston</em> is a possible sign that Bork’s consumer-focused vision of antitrust law may be losing its grip over the Court.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LxZlng">
Additionally, the Court handed a victory to public school student-athletes — and to students generally — who find themselves on the wrong end of overly censorious school administrators. <a href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/20pdf/20-255_g3bi.pdf"><em>Mahanoy Area School District v. B.L.</em></a><em> </em>involved a cheerleader who was suspended from her school’s JV cheerleading squad after she posted a vulgar Snapchat message complaining that she did not make the varsity team.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dRivix">
Though Justice Stephen Breyer’s opinion for the Court is <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/6/23/22547040/supreme-court-cursing-cheerleader-stephen-breyer-free-speech-mahanoy-bl-brandi-levy">fairly measured</a>, it makes clear that “courts must be more skeptical of a school’s efforts to regulate off-campus speech.”
</p>
<h3 id="rURkGD">
Loser: Unions
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wbPyu3">
Few jobs are more thankless than representing unions before the Supreme Court.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tDxfLc">
Three years ago, in <a href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/17pdf/16-1466_2b3j.pdf"><em>Janus v. AFSCME</em></a> (2018), the Court voted along party lines to cut off a major source of funding for public sector unions. <em>Janus</em> was the culmination of several years of decisions undercutting unions, and it overruled a 41-year-old precedent to boot.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8H0Sly">
This term, the Court showed similar disregard for precedent in <a href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/20pdf/20-107_ihdj.pdf"><em>Cedar Point Nursery v. Hassid</em></a>, which struck down a nearly half-century-old California regulation that permitted union organizers to temporarily enter farm worksites and speak to workers while they were not actually working.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Y1OOmu">
<em>Cedar Point</em> effectively <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/6/23/22547182/supreme-court-union-busting-cedar-point-hassid-john-roberts-takings-clause">abandoned a framework</a> the Court has applied to unions that wish to speak to workers on company property since 1956. It also completely reworked a long line of precedents governing when landowners can exclude someone from their land. But it’s far from clear whether the new rule announced in <em>Cedar Point</em> will be applied very often outside of the union context.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uQ0Al0">
Under this new rule, a law or regulation that “appropriates a right to invade” private property violates the <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/fifth_amendment">Fifth Amendment’s takings clause</a>, which prohibits the government from taking private property without “just compensation.” But Roberts’s majority opinion in <em>Cedar Point</em> also carved out a number of exceptions to this rule, which, taken to its logical extreme, would have made it unconstitutional for the government to require restaurants to admit health inspectors.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2Mjw0d">
Though Roberts attempted to articulate a rule governing when such exceptions would apply, his explanation was <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/6/23/22547182/supreme-court-union-busting-cedar-point-hassid-john-roberts-takings-clause">little more than word salad</a> (exceptions must bear “an ‘essential nexus’ and ‘rough proportionality’ to the impact of the proposed use of the property”). In the end, the Court made a value judgment that health inspections are sufficiently important that they should continue, but union organizing is not.
</p>
<h3 id="pCrm4J">
Winner: The Republican Party
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="V2Fw9z">
No political party can expect the Supreme Court to rule in its favor in every single case, even if that party did appoint a supermajority of the justices. As Dartmouth professor of government Brendan Nyhan wrote after the Court had an unexpectedly liberal term in 2015, “the court’s recent decisions may reflect a <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/7/12/21319929/supreme-court-term-liberals-win-conservative-john-roberts-neil-gorsuch-abortion-daca-guns">change in the cases being considered by the court</a> rather than a shift in the preferences of the justices.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5GsiHR">
That is, as the Court moves right, conservative lawyers will likely bring more dubious cases, while smart liberal lawyers will avoid federal court unless they are sure their case is airtight. It is hard to imagine, for example, that the 18 Republican attorneys general that brought the <em>Texas</em> case would even have considered filing that lawsuit unless they believed (in this case, erroneously) that the Supreme Court was in their pocket.
</p>
<div class="c-wide-block">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/IpxJ9Omxh2Y6avy9qPuh8ey-EhE=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695191/GettyImages_1229181305t.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
A view of the US Capitol on October 20, 2020.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Znij43">
It’s also common for the Court to hand down a few fairly moderate decisions relatively early in the term before pivoting to its most contentious cases. The justices typically spend more time on the cases that produce the starkest ideological divisions, handing down most of them in the final weeks of the term.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BPLOmL">
And yet, in a term gravid with extraordinarily aggressive arguments made by right-wing lawyers, conservatives and Republicans had an exceptionally good run. They convinced the Court to hobble the Voting Rights Act, to open a new line of attack on donor disclosure laws, to expand property rights, to attack unions, and to rewrite the rules governing when religious objectors are exempt from the law.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Li3GA5">
And that’s after just one term with a 6-3 Court. Next term, the Court will hear a case that <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/5/17/22233440/supreme-court-abortion-roe-wade-dobbs-jackson-womens-health-amy-coney-barrett">could overrule <em>Roe v. Wade</em></a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="at8zde">
</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Kohli only expressed his opinion on best of three WTC final, never demanded it, says Ashwin</strong> - India were handed an eight-wicket defeat in the inaugural World Test Championship (WTC) final by New Zealand.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>‘Select County XI’ for warm-up game against India: ECB</strong> - The tentative date could be between July 20-22</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>PCB announces across the board hike for centrally-contracted players; Babar Azam in category ‘A’</strong> - The board, however, did not disclose the exact amounts to be paid to the players.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Wimbledon | Federer becomes oldest player to reach third round in 46 years</strong> - he eight-time Wimbledon champion extended his winning streak against Richard Gasquet of France, to 11 matches, 7-6 (1), 6-1, 6-4.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Paul powers Suns to the summit clash</strong> - Clippers unable to withstand Paul onslaught, lose series 4-2</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Vice-President Venkaiah Naidu calls for fast-tracking of genome sequencing of new COVID-19 variants</strong> - The Vice-President visited LaCONES facility in Hyderabad and witnessed a presentation by its Scientist-in-charge.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>‘NEP 2020 contradicts constitutional, social justice ideals’</strong> - Former Minister H.C. Mahadevappa writes in letter to PM</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Centre must clarify its stand on Maratha quota, says BJP MP</strong> - Post-SC verdict, Sambhaji Chhatarapati urges govt. to issue ordinance to resolve the imbroglio</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Selfie points at railway stations to express support for Indian contingent bound for Tokyo Olympics</strong> - Rail users urged to post photographs on social media encouraging Indian athletes</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cheer4India campaign launched to support Indian contingent to Tokyo Olympics</strong> - Selfie-points established at four stations in Mysuru division of SWR</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Golden Dawn fugitive Christos Pappas arrested in Greece - reports</strong> - Golden Dawn deputy leader Christos Pappas had evaded capture since being sentenced in October.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Covid: Europe risks new wave, WHO warns</strong> - Cases are up 10% in a week and there are concerns Euro 2020 matches could be super-spreader events.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Young Swiss fans on the diversity in the national team</strong> - Not many people expected Switzerland to be in the quarter finals of the Euros.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>German Chancellor Merkel to visit UK</strong> - The German chancellor has previously suggested all UK travellers to Europe should have to quarantine.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Global tax overhaul backed by 130 countries</strong> - The OECD, which led the talks, announces that many have backed plans for a 15% minimum corporate tax.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>General Motors looks to California for its next lithium supply</strong> - The US automaker is investing in closed-loop extraction from the Salton Sea. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1777573">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>30 under $25: A collection of good hidden gem games from Steam’s Summer Sale</strong> - If you want something different to play, allow us to highlight some deeper cuts. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1776268">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Rocket Report: Super Heavy rolls to launch site, Funk will get to fly</strong> - “I am not allowed to talk about that.” - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1777764">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Game on—Sir Richard Branson will attempt to go to space on July 11</strong> - “I truly believe that space belongs to all of us.” - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1777776">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Google Play dumps APKs for the more Google-controlled “Android App Bundle”</strong> - Starting in August, new apps will need to turn over their signing keys to Google. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1777546">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>How did bill Cosby celebrate after getting out of jail</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He went to a bar and bought everyone drinks
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/RevolutionaryWeb9953"> /u/RevolutionaryWeb9953 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/obyu88/how_did_bill_cosby_celebrate_after_getting_out_of/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/obyu88/how_did_bill_cosby_celebrate_after_getting_out_of/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>As a guy, I refuse to play as a female character in online games.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Not because I’m sexist, I just don’t think it’s right to perpetuate the stereotype that girls are bad at games.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/thepwnydanza"> /u/thepwnydanza </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/oc26q5/as_a_guy_i_refuse_to_play_as_a_female_character/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/oc26q5/as_a_guy_i_refuse_to_play_as_a_female_character/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>Interviewer: How much milk do these cows give?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Farmer: Which one? The Black one or the brown one?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Interviewer: Brown one.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Farmer: A couple of litres per day.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Interviewer: And the black one?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Farmer: A couple of litres per day.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Interviewer(naturally a bit flummoxed): I see. What do you give them to eat?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Farmer: Which one? Black or brown?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Interviewer: Black.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Farmer: It eats grass.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Interviewer: And the other one?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Farmer: Grass.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Interviewer(now annoyed) : Why do you keep asking which one when the answers are the same?!
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Farmer: Because the black one’s mine.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Interviewer: Oh, and the brown one?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Farmer: It’s also mine.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/TrustedChimp495"> /u/TrustedChimp495 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/oc3kuz/interviewer_how_much_milk_do_these_cows_give/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/oc3kuz/interviewer_how_much_milk_do_these_cows_give/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>Choose a new password :</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Choose a new password :
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
potato
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Sorry, password must contain at least 8 letters.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
boiled potato
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Sorry, password must contain at least one number.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
1 boiled potato
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Sorry, password cannot contain spaces
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
50fuckingboiledpotatoes
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Sorry, password must contain capital letters.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
50FUCKINGboiledpotatoes
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Sorry, capital letters must not be consecutive.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
IwillShove50FuckingBoiledPotatoesUpYourAss,IfYouDoNotGiveMeAccessImmediately
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Sorry, password must not contain punctuation.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
NowIamSeriouslyGettingPissedOffIwillShove50FuckingBoiledPotatoesUpYourAssIfYouDoNotGiveMeAccessImmediately
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Sorry, you can’t change your password to a password that has already been used with this account. Choose a new password :
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/notriple"> /u/notriple </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/obmw0n/choose_a_new_password/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/obmw0n/choose_a_new_password/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>My Mexican friend takes anti-anxiety medication</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Its for Hispanic attacks.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/NerdyAsian12"> /u/NerdyAsian12 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/oc4ewa/my_mexican_friend_takes_antianxiety_medication/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/oc4ewa/my_mexican_friend_takes_antianxiety_medication/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
<script>AOS.init();</script></body></html>

4
index.html
View File

File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long