navan
/
Daily-Dose
mirror of https://github.com/navanchauhan/Daily-Dose.git
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Projects Releases Wiki Activity

Added daily report

This commit is contained in:
Navan Chauhan 2021-01-28 12:55:36 +00:00
parent 5eb20cb0ac
commit 8971bacc1a
3 changed files with 744 additions and 2 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

223
archive-covid-19/28 January, 2021.html Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head>
<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"/>
<meta content="text/css" http-equiv="Content-Style-Type"/>
<meta content="pandoc" name="generator"/>
<title></title>
<style type="text/css">code{white-space: pre;}</style>
<title>Covid-19 Sentry</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
<body>
<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Changes in Relationship Satisfaction in the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-National Examination of Situational, Dispositional, and Relationship Factors</strong> -
<div>
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has had a large impact on various aspects of life, but questions about its effect on close relationships remain largely unanswered. In the present study, we examined changes in relationship satisfaction at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic by using a sample of 3,243 individuals from 68 different countries. Participants responded to an online survey that included questions about relationship aspects (e.g., shared time, housework division), special circumstances (e.g., exit restrictions), and enduring dispositions (e.g., insecure attachment). A decline in time shared with one’s partner was the strongest predictor of decreases in relationship satisfaction, resulting in a different pattern of findings for cohabiting and non-cohabiting individuals. Among the most influential moderators were lockdown policies and insecure attachment. Differential involvement of men and women in household duties remained largely unchanged. The findings offer insights into aggravating and/or protecting factors in couples’ responses to pandemic-related stressors.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/b5c8g/" target="_blank">Changes in Relationship Satisfaction in the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-National Examination of Situational, Dispositional, and Relationship Factors</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The angiotensin type 2 receptor agonist C21 restores respiratory function in COVID19 - a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled Phase 2 trial</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: Although several therapies have been evaluated for treatment of COVID-19, the morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 are still significant, and the need for safe and effective drugs remains high even after launch of vaccine programs. Methods: We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with the novel oral angiotensin II type 2 receptor agonist C21 in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with C-reactive protein 50-150 mg/L but not needing mechanical ventilation. Patients were randomly assigned to oral C21 (100 mg twice daily) or placebo for 7 days in addition to standard of care, including glucocorticoids and remdesivir. Results: 106 patients underwent randomization (51 in the C21 group and 55 in the placebo group). At day 14 after start of treatment, the proportion of patients still requiring supplemental oxygen was significantly reduced by 90% in the C21 group compared to the placebo group (p=0.003). Moreover, fewer patients required mechanical ventilation (one C21 patient and four placebo patients), and C21 was associated with a numerical reduction in the mortality rate (one and three deaths in the C21 and placebo group, respectively). Treatment with C21 was safe and well tolerated. Conclusions: As studied in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, C21 on top of standard of care led to a clinically beneficial improvement in respiratory function compared to placebo, paving the way for a pivotal randomised controlled trial.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.26.21250511v1" target="_blank">The angiotensin type 2 receptor agonist C21 restores respiratory function in COVID19 - a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled Phase 2 trial</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in the nasal mucosa in children and adults</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Rationale: Despite similar viral load and infectivity rates between children and adults infected with SARS-CoV-2, children rarely develop severe illness. Differences in the host response to the virus at the primary infection site are among the proposed mechanisms. Objectives: To investigate the host response to SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and influenza virus (IV) in the nasal mucosa in children and adults. Methods: Clinical outcomes and gene expression in the nasal mucosa were analyzed in 36 children hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 24 children with RSV infection, 9 children with IV infection, 16 adults with mild to moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 7 healthy pediatric and 13 healthy adult controls. Results: In both children and adults, infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to an interferon response in the nasal mucosa. The magnitude of the interferon response correlated with the abundance of viral reads and was comparable between symptomatic children and adults infected with SARS-CoV-2 and symptomatic children infected with RSV and IV. Cell type deconvolution identified an increased abundance of immune cells in the samples from children and adults with a viral infection. Expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 - key entry factors for SARS-CoV-2 - did not correlate with age or presence or absence of viral infection. Conclusions: Our findings support the hypothesis that differences in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 determine disease severity, independent of viral load and interferon response at the primary infection primary site. Keywords: COVID-19, pneumonia, viral infections, interferons
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.26.21250269v1" target="_blank">Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in the nasal mucosa in children and adults</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Individual factors underlie temperature variation in sickness and in health: influence of age, BMI and genetic factors in a multi-cohort study</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Introduction: Ageing affects immune function resulting in aberrant fever response to infection. We assess the effects of biological variables on basal temperature and temperature in COVID-19 infection, proposing an updated temperature threshold for older adults. Methods: Participants: a) Unaffected twin volunteers: 1089 adult TwinsUK participants. b) London hospitalised COVID-19+: 520 adults with emergency admission. c) Birmingham hospitalised COVID-19+: 757 adults with emergency admission. d) Community-based COVID-19+: 3972 adults self-reporting a positive test using the COVID Symptom Study mobile application. Analysis: Heritability assessed using saturated and univariate ACE models: Linear mixed-effect and multivariable linear regression analysing associations between temperature, age, sex and BMI; multivariable logistic regression analysing associations between fever (&gt;=37.8degC) and age; receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to identify temperature threshold for adults &gt;=65 years. Results: Among unaffected volunteers, lower BMI (p=0.001), and older age (p&lt;0.001) associated with lower basal temperature. Basal temperature showed a heritability of 47% (95% Confidence Interval 18-57%). In COVID-19+ participants, increasing age associated with lower temperatures in cohorts (c) and (d) (p&lt;0.001). For each additional year of age, participants were 1% less likely to demonstrate a fever (OR 0.99; p&lt;0.001). Combining healthy and COVID-19+ participants, a temperature of 37.4degC in adults &gt;=65 years had similar sensitivity and specificity to 37.8degC in adults &lt;65 years for discriminating fever in COVID-19. Conclusions: Ageing affects temperature in health and acute infection. Significant heritability indicates biological factors contribute to temperature regulation. Our observations indicate a lower threshold (37.4degC) should be considered for assessing fever in older adults.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.26.21250480v1" target="_blank">Individual factors underlie temperature variation in sickness and in health: influence of age, BMI and genetic factors in a multi-cohort study</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Trajectories of Hypoxemia &amp; Respiratory System Mechanics of COVID-19 ARDS in the NorthCARDS dataset</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Rationale: The preliminary reports of COVID Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (COVIDARDS) suggest the existence of a subset of patients with higher lung compliance despite profound hypoxemia. Understanding heterogeneity seen in patients with COVIDARDS and comparing to non-COVIDARDS may inform tailored treatments. Objectives: To describe the trajectories of hypoxemia and respiratory compliance in COVIDARDS and associations with outcomes. Methods: A multidisciplinary team of frontline clinicians and data scientists created the Northwell COVIDARDS dataset (NorthCARDS) leveraging over 11,542 COVID-19 hospital admissions. Data was summarized to describe differences based on clinically meaningful categories of lung compliance, and compared to non-COVIDARDS reports. A sophisticated method of extrapolating PaO2 from SpO2, as well estimating FiO2 from non invasive oxygen delivery devices were utilized to create meaningful trends of derived PaO2 to FiO2 (P/F). Measurements and Main Results: Of the 1595 COVIDARDS patients in the NorthCARDS dataset, there were 538 (34.6%) who had very low lung compliance (&lt;20ml/cmH2O), 982 (63.2%) with low-normal compliance (20-50ml/cmH2O), and 34 (2.2%) with high lung compliance (&gt;50ml/cmH2O). The very low compliance group had double the median time to intubation compared to the low-normal group (107 hours(IQR 26.3, 238.3) vs. 37.9 hours(IQR 4.8, 90.7)). Oxygenation trends have improved in all groups after a nadir immediately post intubation. The P/F ratio improved from a mean of 109 to 155, with the very low compliance group showing a smaller improvement compared to low compliance group. The derived P/F trends closely correlated with blood gas analysis driven P/F trends, except immediately post intubation were the trends diverge as illustrated in the image. Overall, 67.5% (n=1049) of the patients died during the hospitalization. In comparison to non-COVIDARDS reports, there were less patients in the high compliance category (2.2%vs 12%, compliance equal or over 50mL/cmH20), and more patients with P/F less than 150 ( 57.8% vs. 45.6%). No correlation was apparent between lung compliance and P/F ratio. The Oxygenation Index was similar, (11.12(SD 5.67)vs 12.8(SD 10.8)). Conclusions: Heterogeneity in lung compliance is seen in COVIDARDS, without apparent correlation to degree of hypoxemia. Notably, time to intubation was greater in the very low lung compliance category. Understanding ARDS patient heterogeneity must include consideration of treatment patterns in addition to trajectories of change in patient-level data and demographics.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.26.21250492v1" target="_blank">Trajectories of Hypoxemia &amp;amp; Respiratory System Mechanics of COVID-19 ARDS in the NorthCARDS dataset</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Distinctive features of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells predict recovery from severe COVID-19</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Although T cells are likely players in SARS-CoV-2 immunity, little is known about the phenotypic features of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells associated with recovery from severe COVID-19. We analyzed T cells from longitudinal specimens of 34 COVID-19 patients with severities ranging from mild (outpatient) to critical culminating in death. Relative to patients that succumbed, individuals that recovered from severe COVID-19 harbored elevated and increasing numbers of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells capable of homeostatic proliferation. In contrast, fatal COVID-19 displayed elevated numbers of SARS-CoV-2-specific regulatory T cells and a time-dependent escalation in activated bystander CXCR4+ T cells. Together with the demonstration of increased proportions of inflammatory CXCR4+ T cells in the lungs of severe COVID-19 patients, these results support a model whereby lung-homing T cells activated through bystander effects contribute to immunopathology, while a robust, non-suppressive SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response limits pathogenesis and promotes recovery from severe COVID-19.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.22.21250054v1" target="_blank">Distinctive features of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells predict recovery from severe COVID-19</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Effect of COVID-19 response policies on walking behavior in US cities</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused mass disruption to our daily lives. Mobility restrictions implemented to reduce the spread of COVID-19 have impacted walking behavior, but the magnitude and spatio-temporal aspects of these changes have yet to be explored. Walking is the most common form of physical activity and non-motorized transport, and so has an important role in our health and economy. Understanding how COVID-19 response measures have affected walking behavior of populations and distinct subgroups is paramount to help devise strategies to prevent the potential health and societal impacts of declining walking levels. In this study, we integrated mobility data from mobile devices and area-level data to study the walking patterns of 1.62 million anonymous users in 10 metropolitan areas in the United States (US). The data covers the period from mid-February 2020 (pre-lockdown) to late June 2020 (easing of lockdown restrictions). We detected when users were walking, measured distance walked and time of the walk, and classified each walk as recreational or utilitarian. Our results revealed dramatic declines in walking, especially utilitarian walking, while recreational walking has recovered and even surpassed the levels before the pandemic. However, our findings demonstrated important social patterns, widening existing inequalities in walking behavior across socio-demographic groups. COVID-19 response measures had a larger impact on walking behavior for those from low-income areas, of low education, and high use of public transportation. Provision of equal opportunities to support walking could be key to opening up our society and the economy.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.07.20245282v2" target="_blank">Effect of COVID-19 response policies on walking behavior in US cities</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Retrospective Analysis of Interventions to Epidemics using Dynamic Simulation of Population Behavior</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Retrospective analyses of interventions to epidemics, in which the effectiveness of strategies implemented are compared to hypothetical alternatives, are valuable for performing the cost-benefit calculations necessary to optimize infection countermeasures. SIR (susceptible-infected-removed) models are useful in this regard but are limited by the challenge of deciding how and when to update the numerous parameters as the epidemic changes in response to population behaviors. We present a method that uses a 9dynamic spread function9 to systematically capture the continuous variation in the population behavior, and the gradual change in infection dynamics, resulting from interventions. No parameter updates are made by the user. We use the tool to quantify the reduction in infection rate realizable from the population of New York City adopting different facemask strategies during COVID-19. Assuming a baseline facemask of 67% filtration efficiency, calculations show that increasing the efficiency to 75% could reduce the roughly 5000 new infections per day occurring at the peak of the epidemic to 3000. Mitigation strategies that may not be varied as part of the retrospective analysis, such as social distancing, are automatically captured as part of the calibration of the dynamic spread function.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.09.20228684v2" target="_blank">Retrospective Analysis of Interventions to Epidemics using Dynamic Simulation of Population Behavior</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity Risks in a Survey of Over 500,000 Individuals</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The enormous toll of the COVID-19 pandemic has heightened the urgency of collecting and analyzing population-scale datasets in real time to monitor and better understand the evolving pandemic. The AncestryDNA COVID-19 Study collected self-reported survey data on symptoms, outcomes, risk factors, and exposures for over 563,000 adult individuals in the U.S. in just under four months, including over 4,700 COVID-19 cases as measured by a self-reported positive test. We replicated previously reported associations between several risk factors and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity outcomes, and additionally found that differences in known exposures accounted for many of the susceptibility associations. A notable exception was elevated susceptibility for males even after adjusting for known exposures and age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] = (1.19, 1.55)). We also demonstrated that self-reported data can be used to build accurate risk models to predict individualized COVID-19 susceptibility (area under the curve [AUC]=0.84) and severity outcomes including hospitalization and critical illness (AUC=0.87 and 0.90, respectively). The risk models achieved robust discriminative performance across different age, sex, and genetic ancestry groups within the study. The results highlight the value of self-reported epidemiological data to rapidly provide public health insights into the evolving COVID-19 pandemic.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.08.20209593v3" target="_blank">COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity Risks in a Survey of Over 500,000 Individuals</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Honesty-Humility, beliefs, and prosocial behaviour: A test on stockpiling during the COVID-19 pandemic</strong> -
<div>
Increasing evidence links personality to prosocial behaviour. HEXACO Honesty-Humility, in particular, has been linked to prosocial behaviour when it comes with a personal cost. Yet, evidence for such a link is mostly limited to the laboratory, although social dilemmas abound in daily life. Emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic pose salient conflicts of interests between individual and societal welfare. One example is the run on many basic goods in the anticipation of lockdowns. Such social dilemmas afford the expression of personality traits associated with individual differences in prosocial behaviour. Indeed, across two studies (N = 601), Honesty-Humility was positively, albeit weakly associated with refraining from stockpiling in the past and intentions to do so in the future. Causal mediation analysis shows that this was not due to differences in beliefs that others would refrain from stockpiling. Instead, results suggest that faced with a social dilemma, individuals high in Honesty-Humility may have been willing to forego individual benefit. This provides rare evidence on the relationship between Honesty-Humility and prosocial behaviour in a field setting.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/8e62v/" target="_blank">Honesty-Humility, beliefs, and prosocial behaviour: A test on stockpiling during the COVID-19 pandemic</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>E484K as an innovative phylogenetic event for viral evolution: Genomic analysis of the E484K spike mutation in SARS-CoV-2 lineages from Brazil</strong> -
<div>
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has affected millions of people since its beginning in 2019. The propagation of new lineages and the discovery of key mechanisms adopted by the virus to overlap the immune system are central topics for the entire public health policies, research and disease management. Since the second semester 2020, the mutation E484K has been progressively found in the Brazilian territory, composing different lineages over time. It brought multiple concerns related to the risk of reinfection and the effectiveness of new preventive and treatment strategies due to the possibility of escaping from neutralizing antibodies. To better characterize the current scenario we performed genomic and phylogenetic analyses of the E484K mutated genomes sequenced from brazilian samples in 2020. From October, 2020, 43.9% of the sequenced genomes present the E484K mutation, which was identified in three different lineages (P1, P2 and B.1.1.33) in four Brazilian regions. We also evaluated the presence of E484K associated mutations and identified selective pressures acting on the spike protein, leading us to some insights about adaptive and purifying selection driving the virus evolution.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.27.426895v1" target="_blank">E484K as an innovative phylogenetic event for viral evolution: Genomic analysis of the E484K spike mutation in SARS-CoV-2 lineages from Brazil</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Zinc supplement augments the suppressive effects of repurposed drugs of NF-kappa B inhibitor on ACE2 expression in human lung cell lines in vitro.</strong> -
<div>
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes a vast number of infections and fatalities worldwide. As the development and safety validation of effective vaccines are ongoing, drug repurposing is most efficient approach to search FDA approved agents against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In the present study, we found that endogenous ACE2 expressions could be detected in H322M and Calu-3 cell lines, as well as their ACE2 mRNA and protein expressions were suppressed by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a NF-kappa B inhibitor, in dose- and time-dependent manners. Moreover, N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) pretreatment reversed PDTC-induced ACE2 suppression, as well as the combined treatment of hydrogen peroxide and knockdown of p50 subunit of NF-kappa B by siRNA reduced ACE2 expression in H322M cells. In addition, anthelmintic drug triclabendazole and antiprotozoal drug emetine, repurposed drugs of NF-kappa B inhibitor, also inhibited ACE2 mRNA and protein expressions in H322M cells. Moreover, zinc supplement augmented the suppressive effects of triclabendazole and emetine on ACE2 suppression in H322M and Calu-3 cells. Taken together, these results indicate that ACE2 expression is modulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NF-kappa B signal in human lung cell lines, and zinc combination with triclabendazole or emetine has the clinical potential for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.27.428372v1" target="_blank">Zinc supplement augments the suppressive effects of repurposed drugs of NF-kappa B inhibitor on ACE2 expression in human lung cell lines in vitro.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Lysosomal-Immune Axis Is Associated with COVID 19 Disease Severity: Insights from Patient Single Cell Data</strong> -
<div>
SARS-COV-2 has become a leading cause of illness, hospitalizations, and deaths worldwide yet heterogeneity in disease morbidity remains a conundrum. In this study, we analyzed publicly available single-cell RNA-seq data from 75076 cells sequenced from clinically staged COVID-19 patients using a network approach and identified lysosomal-immune axis as a factor significantly associated with disease severity. Our results suggest modulation of lysosomal-immune pathways may present a novel drug-targeting strategy to attenuate SARS-Cov-2 infections.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.27.428394v1" target="_blank">Lysosomal-Immune Axis Is Associated with COVID 19 Disease Severity: Insights from Patient Single Cell Data</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Computational Analysis of Protein Stability and Allosteric Interaction Networks in Distinct Conformational Forms of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike D614G Mutant: Reconciling Functional Mechanisms through Allosteric Model of Spike Regulation</strong> -
<div>
Structural and biochemical studies SARS-CoV-2 spike mutants with the enhanced infectivity have attracted significant attention and offered several mechanisms to explain the experimental data. The development of a unified view and a working model which is consistent with the diverse experimental data is an important focal point of the current work. In this study, we used an integrative computational approach to examine molecular mechanisms underlying functional effects of the D614G mutation by exploring atomistic modeling of the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins as allosteric regulatory machines. We combined coarse-grained simulations, protein stability and dynamic fluctuation communication analysis along with network-based community analysis to simulate structures of the native and mutant SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins in different functional states. The results demonstrated that the D614 position anchors a key regulatory cluster that dictates functional transitions between open and closed states. Using molecular simulations and mutational sensitivity analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins we showed that the D614G mutation can improve stability of the spike protein in both closed and open forms, but shifting thermodynamic preferences towards the open mutant form. The results offer support to the reduced shedding mechanism of S1 domain as a driver of the increased infectivity triggered by the D614G mutation. Through distance fluctuations communication analysis, we probed stability and allosteric communication propensities of protein residues in the native and mutant SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, providing evidence that the D614G mutation can enhance long-range signaling of the allosteric spike engine. By employing network community analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, our results revealed that the D614G mutation can promote the increased number of stable communities and allosteric hub centers in the open form by reorganizing and enhancing the stability of the S1-S2 inter-domain interactions and restricting mobility of the S1 regions. This study provides atomistic-based view of the allosteric interactions and communications in the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, suggesting that the D614G mutation can exert its primary effect through allosterically induced changes on stability and communications in the residue interaction networks.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.26.428331v1" target="_blank">Computational Analysis of Protein Stability and Allosteric Interaction Networks in Distinct Conformational Forms of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike D614G Mutant: Reconciling Functional Mechanisms through Allosteric Model of Spike Regulation</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>An Updated Investigation Prior To COVID-19 Vaccination Program In Indonesia: Full-Length Genome Mutation Analysis Of SARS-CoV-2</strong> -
<div>
Indonesia kick-started the big project of COVID-19 vaccination program in January 2021 by employed vaccine to the president of Indonesia. The outbreak and rapid transmission of COVID-19 have endangered the global health and economy. This study aimed to investigate the full-length genome mutation analysis of 166 Indonesian SARS-CoV-2 isolates as 12 January 2021. All data of isolates was extracted from the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) EpiCoV database. CoVsurver was employed to investigate the full-length genome mutation analysis of all isolates. Furthermore, this study also focused on the unlocking of mutation in Indonesian SARS-CoV-2 isolates S protein. WIV04 isolate that was originated from Wuhan, China was used as a virus reference according to CoVsurver default. All data was visualized using GraphPad Prism software, PyMOL, and BioRender. This study result showed that a full-length genome mutation analysis of 166 Indonesian SARS-CoV-2 isolates was successfully discovered. Every single mutation in S protein was described and then visualised by employing BioRender. Furthermore, it also found that D614G mutation appeared in 103 Indonesian SARS-CoV-2 isolates. To sum up, this study helps to observe the spread of the COVID-19 transmission. However, it would like to propose that the epidemiological surveillance and genomics studies might be improved on COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.26.426655v1" target="_blank">An Updated Investigation Prior To COVID-19 Vaccination Program In Indonesia: Full-Length Genome Mutation Analysis Of SARS-CoV-2</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Phase III Study of AZD7442 for Treatment of COVID-19 in Outpatient Adults</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: AZD7442;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   AstraZeneca<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Fluvoxamine Administration in Moderate SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Infected Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Placebo;   Drug: Fluvoxamine<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   SigmaDrugs Research Ltd.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The (HD)IVACOV Trial (The High-Dose IVermectin Against COVID-19 Trial)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Ivermectin 0.6mg/kg/day;   Drug: Ivermectin 1.0mg/kg/day;   Drug: Placebo;   Drug: Hydroxychloroquine<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Corpometria Institute<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>APT™ T3X on the COVID-19 Contamination Rate</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Tetracycline hydrochloride 3%;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of Nove de Julho;   Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy of Nano-Ivermectin Impregnated Masks in Prevention of Covid-19 Among Healthy Contacts and Medical Staff</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: ivermectin impregnated mask<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   South Valley University<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>An Outpatient Clinical Trial Using Ivermectin and Doxycycline in COVID-19 Positive Patients at High Risk to Prevent COVID-19 Related Hospitalization</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Ivermectin Tablets;   Drug: Doxycycline Tablets;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Max Health, Subsero Health<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Immunologic Antiviral Therapy With Omalizumab</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Omalizumab;   Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   McGill University Health Centre/Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>IMUNOR® Preparation in the Prevention of COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: IMUNOR<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University Hospital Ostrava<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Clinical Experimentation With Tenofovir Disoproxyl Fumarate and Emtricitabine for COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Vitamin C 500 MG Oral Tablet;   Drug: Tenofovir disoproxyl fumarate 300 MG Oral Tablet;   Drug: Tenofovir disoproxyl fumarate 300 MG plus emtricitabine 200 MG Oral Tablet<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Universidade Federal do Ceara;   Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico;   São José Hospital for Infectious Diseases - HSJ;   Central Laboratory of Public Health of Ceará - Lacen-CE<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Efficacy of Doxycycline and Rivaroxaban in COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Doxycycline Tablets;   Drug: Rivaroxaban 15Mg Tab;   Combination Product: Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Yaounde Central Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Phase IIb Clinical Trial of Recombinant Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) Vaccine (Sf9 Cells)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cells);   Biological: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Jiangsu Province Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;   West China Hospital<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Famotidine vs Placebo for the Treatment of Non-Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Famotidine;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Northwell Health;   Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 and Pregnancy: Placental and Immunological Impacts</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: Specimens specific for the study<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Hopital Foch<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pilot Study of Cefditoren Pivoxil in COVID-19 Patients With Mild to Moderate Pneumonia</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pneumonia<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Cefditoren pivoxil 400mg<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Meiji Pharma Spain S.A.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Influence of Covid-19 on the Audio-vestibular System</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Diagnostic Test: Audio-Vestibular evaluation<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   HaEmek Medical Center, Israel<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Thymosin Alpha 1 Mitigates Cytokine Storm in Blood Cells From Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients</strong> - CONCLUSION: These data suggest the potential role of Tα1 in modulating the immune response homeostasis and the cytokine storm in vivo.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Spontaneous binding of potential COVID-19 drugs (Camostat and Nafamostat) to human serine protease TMPRSS2</strong> - Effective treatment or vaccine is not yet available for combating SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that caused the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent studies showed that two drugs, Camostat and Nafamostat, might be repurposed to treat COVID-19 by inhibiting human TMPRSS2 required for proteolytic activation of viral spike (S) glycoprotein. However, their molecular mechanisms of pharmacological action remain unclear. Here, we perform molecular dynamics simulations to investigate their native binding sites...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Exploring the Pivotal Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Potentials of Glycyrrhizic and Glycyrrhetinic Acids</strong> - Licorice extract is a Chinese herbal medication most often used as a demulcent or elixir. The extract usually consists of many components but the key ingredients are glycyrrhizic (GL) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA). GL and GA function as potent antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitumor agents, and immuneregulators. GL and GA have potent activities against hepatitis A, B, and C viruses, human immunodeficiency virus type 1, vesicular stomatitis virus, herpes simplex virus, influenza A,...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Altered high-density lipoprotein composition and functions during severe COVID-19</strong> - Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is affecting millions of patients worldwide. The consequences of initial exposure to SARS-CoV-2 go beyond pulmonary damage, with a particular impact on lipid metabolism. Decreased levels in HDL-C were reported in COVID-19 patients. Since HDL particles display antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and potential anti-infectious properties, we aimed at characterizing HDL proteome and functionality during COVID-19 relative to healthy subjects. HDLs were isolated...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Phenylbenzopyrone of flavonoids as a potential scaffold to prevent SARS-CoV-2 replication by inhibiting its MPRO main protease</strong> - CONCLUSION: The present study displaying flavonoids, possessing a potential scaffold for inhibiting main protease activity for all betacoronavirus is an attempt to provide new and safe drug leads within a reasonably short period.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Crystal Structure of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease in Complex with the Non-Covalent Inhibitor ML188</strong> - Viral proteases are critical enzymes for the maturation of many human pathogenic viruses and thus are key targets for direct acting antivirals (DAAs). The current viral pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is in dire need of DAAs. The Main protease (M^(pro)) is the focus of extensive structure-based drug design efforts which are mostly covalent inhibitors targeting the catalytic cysteine. ML188 is a non-covalent inhibitor designed to target SARS-CoV-1 M^(pro), and provides an initial scaffold for the...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Molecular structure, NBO analysis of the hydrogen-bonded interactions, spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman), drug likeness and molecular docking of the novel anti COVID-2 molecule (2E)-N-methyl-2-[(4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)methylidene]-hydrazinecarbothioamide (Dimer) - quantum chemical approach</strong> - Prospective antiviral molecule (2E)-N-methyl-2-[(4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)methylidene]-hydrazinecarbothioamide has been probed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), FT-Raman and quantum chemical computations. The geometry equilibrium and natural bond orbital analysis have been carried out with density functional theory employing Becke, 3-parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr method with the 6-311G++(d,p) basis set. The vibrational assignments pertaining to different modes of vibrations have been augmented by...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Are clarithromycin, azithromycin and their analogues effective in the treatment of COVID19?</strong> - BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2, which started in Wuhan and later affected the whole world, is the most important disease of the world today. Many ways to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 virus are sought to prevent the spread of this virus. Azithromycin and clarithromycin are considered for the treatment of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has a high similarity to previous colonic diseases.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Neutralizing and protective human monoclonal antibodies recognizing the N-terminal domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein</strong> - Most human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 recognize the spike (S) protein receptor-binding domain and block virus interactions with the cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. We describe a panel of human mAbs binding to diverse epitopes on the N-terminal domain (NTD) of S protein from SARS-CoV-2 convalescent donors and found a minority of these possessed neutralizing activity. Two mAbs (COV2-2676 and COV2-2489) inhibited infection of authentic SARS-CoV-2 and...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>BRD2 inhibition blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro by reducing transcription of the host cell receptor ACE2</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 infection of human cells is initiated by the binding of the viral Spike protein to its cell-surface receptor ACE2. We conducted an unbiased CRISPRi screen to uncover druggable pathways controlling Spike protein binding to human cells. We found that the protein BRD2 is an essential node in the cellular response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. BRD2 is required for ACE2 transcription in human lung epithelial cells and cardiomyocytes, and BRD2 inhibitors currently evaluated in clinical trials...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Host-directed therapies against early-lineage SARS-CoV-2 retain efficacy against B.1.1.7 variant</strong> - Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in millions of deaths worldwide and massive societal and economic burden. Recently, a new variant of SARS-CoV-2, known as B.1.1.7, was first detected in the United Kingdom and is spreading in several other countries, heightening public health concern and raising questions as to the resulting effectiveness of vaccines and therapeutic interventions. We and others previously...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A PCR amplicon-based SARS-CoV-2 replicon for antiviral evaluation</strong> - The development of specific antiviral compounds to SARS-CoV-2 is an urgent task. One of the obstacles for the antiviral development is the requirement of biocontainment because infectious SARS-CoV-2 must be handled in a biosafety level-3 laboratory. Replicon, a non-infectious self-replicative viral RNA, could be a safe and effective tool for antiviral evaluation. Herein, we generated a PCR-based SARS-CoV-2 replicon. Eight fragments covering the entire SARS-CoV-2 genome except S, E, and M genes...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Molecular Docking of Azithromycin, Ritonavir, Lopinavir, Oseltamivir, Ivermectin and Heparin Interacting with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Main and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 3C-Like Proteases</strong> - In the current pandemic situation raised due to COVID-19, drug reuse is emerging as the first line of treatment. The viral agent that causes this highly contagious disease and the acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) share high nucleotide similarity. Therefore, it is structurally expected that many existing viral targets are similar to the first SARS-CoV, probably being inhibited by the same compounds. Here, we selected two viral proteins based on their vital role in the viral life...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Development of a Cell-Based Luciferase Complementation Assay for Identification of SARS-CoV-2 3CL(pro) Inhibitors</strong> - The 3C-like protease (3CL^(pro)) of SARS-CoV-2 is considered an excellent target for COVID-19 antiviral drug development because it is essential for viral replication and has a cleavage specificity distinct from human proteases. However, drug development for 3CL^(pro) has been hindered by a lack of cell-based reporter assays that can be performed in a BSL-2 setting. Current efforts to identify 3CL^(pro) inhibitors largely rely upon in vitro screening, which fails to account for cell permeability...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Protective Effects of Lactoferrin against SARS-CoV-2 Infection In Vitro</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 is a newly emerging virus that currently lacks curative treatments. Lactoferrin (LF) is a naturally occurring non-toxic glycoprotein with broad-spectrum antiviral, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we assessed the potential of LF in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. Antiviral immune response gene expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR in uninfected Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells treated with LF. An infection assay for SARS-CoV-2 was...</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ACQUIRING POWER CONSUMPTION IMPACT BASED ON IMPACT OF COVID-19 EPIDEMIC</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU314745621">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION OF ARTESUNATE AND MEFLOQUINE AND METHOD THEREOF</strong> - A pharmaceutical composition for treating Covid-19 virus comprising a therapeutically effective amount of an artesunate or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and a mefloquine or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof is disclosed. The pharmaceutical composition comprises the artesunate in the ratio of 0.25% to 66% w/v and mefloquine in the ratio of 0.25% to 90% w/v. The composition is found to be effective for the treatment of COVID -19 (SARS-CoV2). The pharmaceutical composition of Artesunate and Mefloquine has been found to be effective and is unexpectedly well tolerated with a low rate of side-effects, and equally high cure-rates than in comparable treatments. The present invention also discloses a method to preparing the pharmaceutical composition comprising of Artesunate and Mefloquine. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN315303355">link</a></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Zahnbürstenaufsatz, elektrische Versorgungseinheit einer elektrischen Zahnbürste, elektrische Zahnbürste mit einem Zahnbürstenaufsatz, Zahnbürste sowie Testaufsatz für eine elektrische Zahnbürste</strong> -
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Zahnbürstenaufsatz für eine elektrische Zahnbürste (20) umfassend einen Koppelabschnitt (2), über den der Zahnbürstenaufsatz (1) mit einer elektrischen Versorgungseinheit (10) der elektrischen Zahnbürste (20) verbindbar ist und einen Bürstenabschnitt (3), der zur Reinigung der Zähne ausgebildete Reinigungsmittel (3.1) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an dem Zahnbürstenaufsatz (1) eine Sensoreinheit (4) vorgesehen ist, die dazu ausgebildet ist, selektiv das Vorhandensein eines Virus oder eines Antigen im Speichel eines Nutzers des Zahnbürstenaufsatzes (1) durch Messen zumindest eines virusspezifischen Parameters zu bestimmen.</p></li>
</ul>
<img alt="embedded image" id="EMI-D00000"/>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"></p>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=DE315274678">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 CLASSIFICATION RECOGNITION METHOD BASED ON CT IMAGES OF LUNGS</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU314054415">link</a></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Vorrichtung umfassend einen Schutzschirm und einen Filter zum Herausfiltern von Viren aus einem Schall erzeugenden Luftstrom</strong> -
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Vorrichtung (10) umfassend einen Schutzschirm (12) und einen Filter (14) zum Herausfiltern von Viren (16) aus einem Schall erzeugenden Luftstrom (18), der von einem Musiker (20) beim Musizieren mit einem Musikinstrument oder beim Singen erzeugt wird, wobei der Schutzschirm (12) zur Verringerung des Risikos einer Infektion mit den Viren (16) dafür vorgesehen ist, wenigstens einen Teil der mit dem Luftstrom transportierten Viren (16) aufzufangen, der Schutzschirm (12) eine erste Seite (22) und eine zweite Seite (24) aufweist, die voneinander abgewandt sind, und der Schutzschirm (12) wenigstens einen sich von der ersten (22) bis zu der zweiten Seite (24) erstreckenden Durchlass (26) aufweist, wobei dieser Durchlass (26) zum Durchströmen mit wenigstens einem Teil des beim Musizieren erzeugten Luftstroms (18) vorgesehen ist und der Filter (14) zum Herausfiltern von Viren (16) aus dem Luftstrom (18) in dem Durchlass (26) des Schutzschirms (12) angeordnet ist.</p></li>
</ul>
<img alt="embedded image" id="EMI-D00000"/>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"></p>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=DE315274597">link</a></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Seil-Haltevorrichtung</strong> -
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Seil-Haltevorrichtung (1)</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">mit einem Träger (2), und</li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">mit einer Seil-Klemmeinrichtung (3), die auf dem Träger (2) angeordnet ist.</p></li>
</ul>
<img alt="embedded image" id="EMI-D00000"/>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"></p>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=DE314460193">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A traditional Chinese medicine composition for COVID-19 and/or influenza and preparation method thereof</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU313300659">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Covid 19 - Chewing Gum</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU313269181">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>STOCHASTIC MODEL METHOD TO DETERMINE THE PROBABILITY OF TRANSMISSION OF NOVEL COVID-19</strong> - The present invention is directed to a stochastic model method to assess the risk of spreading the disease and determine the probability of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN313339294">link</a></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Fahrzeuglüftungssystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen Fahrzeuglüftungssystems</strong> -
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Die Erfindung betrifft ein Fahrzeuglüftungssystem (1) zum Belüften einer Fahrgastzelle (2) eines Fahrzeugs (3), mit einem Umluftpfad (5). Die Erfindung ist gekennzeichnet durch eine wenigstens abschnittsweise in einen Umluftansaugbereich (4) des Umluftpads (5) hineinreichende Sterilisationseinrichtung (6), wobei die Sterilisationseinrichtung (6) dazu eingerichtet ist von einem aus der Fahrgastzelle (2) entnommenen Luftstrom getragene Schadstoffe zu inaktivieren und/oder abzutöten.</p></li>
</ul>
<img alt="embedded image" id="EMI-D00000"/>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=DE313868337">link</a></li>
</ul>
<script>AOS.init();</script></body></html>

519
archive-daily-dose/28 January, 2021.html Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,519 @@
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head>
<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"/>
<meta content="text/css" http-equiv="Content-Style-Type"/>
<meta content="pandoc" name="generator"/>
<title></title>
<style type="text/css">code{white-space: pre;}</style>
<title>Daily-Dose</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><style>*{overflow-x:hidden;}</style><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
<body>
<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Andrew Yang’s Ideas on Universal Basic Income Earned Him Fans. But Can He Win Votes?</strong> - His pitch in the mayoral race is for New York to become the “anti-poverty” city. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-local-correspondents/andrew-yangs-ideas-on-universal-basic-income-earned-him-fans-but-can-he-win-votes">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Can the COVID-19 Vaccine Beat the Proliferation of New Virus Mutations?</strong> - Stopping transmission blocks the opportunity for viral mutation. Vaccination is the only means we have of standing in the virus’s way. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/can-the-covid-19-vaccine-beat-the-proliferation-of-new-virus-mutations">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Navalny’s Long-Running Battle with Putin Enters a New Phase</strong> - The jailed opposition leader is creating a model of guerrilla political warfare for the digital age. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/dispatch/navalnys-long-running-battle-with-putin-enters-a-new-phase">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Adam Curtis Explains It All</strong> - The British filmmaker’s new series argues that we have given up on the future. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-the-uk/adam-curtis-explains-it-all">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Conservative Case Against the Boomers</strong> - For bleakness, scope, and entropic finality, the progressive critique of the generation has nothing on the Catholic social-conservative one. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-conservative-case-against-the-boomers">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Exclusive: Mark Zuckerberg is creating a new criminal justice reform group in an overhaul of his political operation</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg speak with another person in front of a sign reading, “Chan Zuckerberg Initiative.”" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/X0UOhYHG-ZZgNCuZys3e0_vxf20=/0x433:5185x4322/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/68731550/1MP_CZI.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Zuckerberg’s work at Facebook has at times made his work at the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative complicated. | Courtesy of The Chan Zuckerberg Initiative
</figcaption>
</figure></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The Facebook founder and his wife, Priscilla Chan, are making the largest structural change to their philanthropy since they launched it five years ago.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RUimc8">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="h4xlxu">
The Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, the philanthropy of Mark Zuckerberg and his wife Priscilla Chan, is planning to overhaul its political program and spin out much of its advocacy work to outside organizations, Recode has learned.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EPElIc">
It’s a strategic shift for CZI and the largest structural change to the organization since the couple created it five years ago.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zBXbPY">
Zuckerberg and Chan will launch a new group focused on criminal justice reform that they will back with $350 million from their fortune. CZI will also be effectively merging their in-house immigration work with an outside group also backed by Zuckerberg, Fwd.us, which pushes for comprehensive reform.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wpTSaN">
All told, the billionaire couple is committing another $450 million to the two causes over the next few years. The changes are the latest evolution in how Zuckerberg is trying to accomplish his policy ambitions at the dawn of a friendlier Joe Biden administration — and at a time when he is becoming more of a political liability for those very causes.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vP4M5e">
CZI was launched in 2015 with a special focus on politics — one of its three original central “pillars” was <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2020/12/22/22194518/mike-troncoso-chan-zuckerberg-initiative-kamala-harris">an advocacy unit called Justice and Opportunity Initiatives</a> — and it has grown to become one of the most important philanthropies in America. Now, that political work is being outsourced to external organizations, and the JOI team at CZI is expected to largely fold.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="s0oo8j">
The philanthropy is increasing the total amount it is committing each year to criminal justice reform, and it seems likely that the revamp will increase the total amount of money that CZI puts into politics at least in the short term. CZI spent just under $450 million on these JOI programs over the last five years. So it could mean that CZI spends roughly in total as much as it did before over the long term, but in a more nimble, less centralized way — granting outside groups the autonomy to spend on whatever nonprofit or political causes they, and not CZI, deem best.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="auSbi4">
CZI would then be more of a political bank account and less involved than it is now in direct campaign and advocacy work, which can be hairy and hazardous work that generally makes enemies.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AKFtys">
Some CZI employees have been worried about where they would fit into the new structure, according to two sources familiar with the matter, but CZI told Recode there would be no layoffs. Some employees who work on CZI’s political projects could find new homes at the criminal justice group or at Fwd.us.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SrPmYA">
Some people affiliated with CZI also have concerns, sources say, about whether each existing grantee will continue to take in the same total amount of funding under the new arrangement. CZI is not expected to offer so-called “sunset grants” — major financial commitments to nonprofits when a philanthropy is winding down its work in an area. But groups like Fwd.us are planning to try and ensure grassroots groups will not experience unexpected funding gaps, one source said, although some are nervous because these CZI grantees will now have to convince a new party to fund their work.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iyLXCW">
CZI’s political spending has drawn more scrutiny as its co-CEO Zuckerberg became more and more politically divisive because of his role as CEO at Facebook. Some of Zuckerberg’s travails in his day job have boomeranged onto CZI, which is a separate organization but is <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2020/6/26/21303664/mark-zuckerberg-facebook-chan-zuckerberg-initiative-philanthropy-tension">linked reputationally to the Facebook founder</a>. When CZI launched an ambitious attempt this year to pass a California ballot initiative to modify a law that was widely considered the state’s third rail, <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/21508914/mark-zuckerberg-priscilla-chan-proposition-13-split-roll-california-politics">opponents latched onto Zuckerberg’s involvement as a line of attack</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aL4dnt">
The new arrangement will, intentionally or not, give Zuckerberg more distance from his specific bets even if it ends up funding the same amount and types of political projects. CZI has also been <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2020/6/17/21294396/mark-zuckerberg-priscilla-chan-philanthropy-education-george-floyd-petition-czi">dogged recently by unrest</a> within the organization about how it deals with race and in its political work, including an ongoing discrimination claim (that CZI <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2020/11/10/21559126/chan-zuckerberg-initiative-raymond-holgado-racial-discrimination-complaint">has said </a>is “unsubstantiated”).
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7Fa8rd">
The spun-out, independent criminal justice group, called the Justice Accelerator Fund, will be led by Ana Zamora, who heads CZI’s work on the topic and used to lead the ACLU in Northern California. <a href="https://www.facebook.com/zuck/posts/10111969612272851">Zuckerberg has said</a> that CZI spends about $40 million a year on criminal justice reform grants, making it among the largest funders of this work in philanthropy.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YlRXtt">
CZI is currently planning to spend about $350 million to stand up the Justice Accelerator Fund over the next five years, for an average of about $70 million a year. That organization, whose precise structure hasn’t yet been determined, will then award grants to new groups. CZI expects the Justice Accelerator Fund to eventually take in money from other donors in the future.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OAPykR">
“This time is ripe for a more just America, and this surge of funding will dramatically speed up the pace of progress,” Zamora said in a new letter to CZI partners.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DWPKy3">
Another $100 million over the next three years will head from CZI to Fwd.us, which was originally focused solely on immigration work but now does some advocacy on criminal justice matters as well. A small amount of that $100 million is expected to be regranted to other groups. The majority of Fwd.us’s funding for operating has <a href="https://chanzuckerberg.com/grants-ventures/grants/">long come</a> from CZI, about $30 million a year in funding, meaning that its budget is only increasingly slightly — albeit now with a longer-term commitment.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8qQAUe">
CZI’s work on housing affordability issues, the third plank of its JOI program, will stay under CZI’s roof and remain more on regional issues in California. <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2020/12/22/22194518/mike-troncoso-chan-zuckerberg-initiative-kamala-harris">Recode reported last month</a> that the head of JOI, who oversaw all of this policy work, had left the organization.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="D1xNya">
The $100 billion-plus philanthropy will continue its work on the other two non-political priorities of its work — its support for scientific research and its education efforts, both of which have been heavily involved in coronavirus relief efforts.
</p>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Trump is gone. But the threat of right-wing violence that arose under his watch remains.</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/NZmhSiNQCkx05B9Rk8ub7rrVVqA=/111x0:2778x2000/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/68694577/AP_21017820592028.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Armed protesters, who identified themselves as Liberty Boys, pose for pictures outside the Oregon Capitol in Salem on January 17. | Noah Berger/AP
</figcaption>
</figure></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Are we entering a new era of political violence?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5XGIsu">
That the United States made it through President Joe Biden’s inauguration without any major act of violence is a relief. But the fact that we had to be seriously worried about it — to the point of deploying 25,000 National Guard troops to secure Washington, DC — illustrates that the threat of far-right violence is here to stay.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="41yBUo">
Indeed, on January 27, t<a href="https://www.dhs.gov/ntas/advisory/national-terrorism-advisory-system-bulletin-january-27-2021">he Department of Homeland Security</a> issued a bulletin warning that the threat from right-wing extremists “will persist in the weeks following the successful Presidential Inauguration” — that extremists “may be emboldened by the January 6, 2021 breach of the U.S. Capitol Building in Washington, D.C. to target elected officials and government facilities.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JgMB1e">
A country that once stood itself up as a model of liberal democratic stability is now beginning to reckon with the fact that it is at serious risk of a major wave of political violence.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2VGfbR">
Federal agents have been warning of a surge in far-right violence <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/posteverything/wp/2017/08/21/i-warned-of-right-wing-violence-in-2009-it-caused-an-uproar-i-was-right/">since at least 2009</a>, but <a href="https://www.vox.com/21506029/trump-violence-tweets-racist-hate-speech">Trump’s malign influence</a> supercharged the threat. The Trump years have seen a flurry of deadly right-wing violence: the <a href="https://www.vox.com/2018/12/7/18131240/unite-the-right-murder-heather-heyer-james-fields-charlottesville-life-sentence">murder of Heather Heyer in Charlottesville</a>; 16 pipe bombs mailed to <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/05/nyregion/cesar-sayoc-sentencing-pipe-bombing.html">prominent Democrats and media figures</a>; the <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/2019/10/18/20899208/tree-of-life-anniversary-pittsburgh-shooting-american-jews">mass shooting at a Pittsburgh synagogue</a>; and then the Capitol assault, a literal attack on the democratic process by an armed mob fueled by bigotry and conspiracy theories.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="753hJT">
As Biden’s presidency begins, Americans are faced with the possibility that we are entering a new era of political violence — one that Trump and his party have stoked for years.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3jL0ca">
There’s no way to know what’s coming, of course. Experts on terrorism and political violence disagree sharply among themselves on just how dangerous things could get. But there are clear reasons for concern.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<pre><code> &lt;img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/UOo9TKaQGqJpMB7ZHaqlEqW5GqU=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22245849/GettyImages_1230644816.jpg" /&gt;
&lt;cite&gt;Matthew Busch/AFP via Getty Images&lt;/cite&gt;
&lt;figcaption&gt;Scenes from an armed pro-Trump protest in Austin, Texas — one of many outside state capitols held on January 17.&lt;/figcaption&gt;</code></pre>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MvHdAV">
“We haven’t really seen what I would call a sustained terrorist campaign in this country since the 1970s. [Today, there’s] probably a higher risk than any time since the 1970s,” says J.M. Berger, a fellow at the EU’s VOX-Pol research network. “I think after the last four years ... our capacity for resilience might be wearing thin.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GfANYM">
In some ways, the fact that we’re even asking the question — are we entering a new era of political violence? — says it all.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cwgQW1">
Sustained campaigns of political violence don’t happen in a vacuum; they become plausible only when societies are rent by deep and serious cleavages. The GOP’s willingness to play with rhetorical fire — stoking racial resentment, delegitimizing the Democratic Party and the democratic process, and even indulging in naked appeals to violent fantasies — has created an environment that can encourage the outbreak of right-wing violence. This is already doing concrete damage to our democracy: Several Republican legislators have said they would have supported impeachment if doing so did not <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/1/13/22229052/capitol-hill-riot-intimidate-legislators">pose a threat to their families’ lives</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gZBy4w">
This specter of violence hanging over our politics may prove to be one of Trump’s most enduring legacies, and a steep challenge for a Biden administration already facing crises on multiple fronts.
</p>
<h3 id="IoDmxT">
A new era of political violence?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DKrkfm">
To understand the risks America is facing right now, it’s worth unpacking Berger’s note about the 1970s — perhaps the closest historical analogue to what could happen in the coming months and years.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KH9jXO">
Few today appreciate just how violent the 1970s were. The failures of 1960s radical movements drove a faction of the left toward political violence, leading to an era pockmarked by bombings, kidnappings, and other violent acts.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="szNgKj">
According to <a href="https://www.start.umd.edu/pubs/START_IdeologicalMotivationsOfTerrorismInUS_Nov2017.pdf">the University of Maryland’s START database</a>, there were more terrorist attacks in the US in the 1970s (1,471) than there were in the next 36 years combined (1,323) — averaging out to about three attacks per week for an entire decade. High-profile targets included <a href="https://time.com/4549409/the-weather-underground-bad-moon-rising/">the Capitol and the Pentagon</a>. In 1976, a California-based radical group placed a bomb in a flower box outside <a href="https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-feinstein-gun-control-20180328-story.html">Dianne Feinstein’s daughter’s bedroom</a> (at the time, the now-senator was on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors).
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vnMKbh">
Sixty-eight percent of these attacks were attributable to left-wing militants. Some of the most prominent and violent organizations included the upper and middle-class radicals of the Weather Underground, the Marxist Puerto Rican separatists in <a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Terrorism_in_America/-3CuViIjqj8C?hl=en">the Armed Forces of National Liberation</a>, and a Black Panther splinter group called the Black Liberation Army.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ecitkZ">
Today, the principal domestic terrorist threat is on the right, not the left. While there certainly has been violence by left-wing individuals — like <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/14/us/steve-scalise-congress-shot-alexandria-virginia.html">the 2017 attack on the Republican congressional baseball team’s practice</a> where then-House Majority Whip Steve Scalise (R-LA) was shot — repeated assessments from US officials and independent experts rank the far right as a greater threat than the left or even jihadists.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<pre><code> &lt;img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/SfHcZj2D-7zF9JeWSms31pfXpxg=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22245861/GettyImages_1230658775.jpg" /&gt;
&lt;cite&gt;Ryan M. Kelly/AFP via Getty Images&lt;/cite&gt;
&lt;figcaption&gt;Pro-Trump demonstrators at a rally near the Virginia Capitol in Richmond on January 18.&lt;/figcaption&gt;</code></pre>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<pre><code> &lt;img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/R-ll3iBjP0H6z3rsmiZNWWD_-30=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22245858/GettyImages_1230646094.jpg" /&gt;
&lt;cite&gt;Stephen Zenne/AFP/Getty Images&lt;/cite&gt;
&lt;figcaption&gt;Members of the Ohio “boogaloo” movement gather near the statehouse in Columbus on January 17.&lt;/figcaption&gt;</code></pre>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bSLMuA">
“That the far-right poses the most salient terrorist threat is no longer up for debate,” scholars Bruce Hoffman and Jacob Ware wrote in a November piece on <a href="https://www.lawfareblog.com/terrorist-threat-fractured-far-right">Lawfare</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oAOQvM">
As in the 1970s, the threat today is not one large al-Qaeda-style enemy but a series of diffuse groups and individually radicalized perpetrators, all of whom are frustrated with mainstream politics’ inability to get them what they want — be it a white ethnostate or a second Trump term.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zfr9q7">
You have outright white supremacists and neo-Nazis, like Atomwaffen. You have anti-government armed groups, like the Three Percenters or Oathkeepers, who see themselves as <a href="https://www.vox.com/2016/1/5/10712084/oregon-militia-history-experts">defending Americans from perceived federal tyranny</a>. You have some “<a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/6/8/21276911/boogaloo-explained-civil-war-protests">boogaloo</a>” movement members and “<a href="https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/2019/11/11/20882005/accelerationism-white-supremacy-christchurch">accelerationists</a>,” who see violence as a means to destabilize and ultimately collapse the American state. You have the misogynist violence <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/2019/4/16/18287446/incel-definition-reddit">arising out of the incel subculture</a>. And then there are some harder-to-categorize groups, like the street-brawling “Western chauvinist” <a href="https://www.vox.com/2018/10/15/17978358/proud-boys-trump-biden-debate-violence">Proud Boys</a> or the <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/8/1/17253444/qanon-trump-conspiracy-theory-4chan-explainer">QAnon conspiracy theorists</a>. These groups simultaneously have deep disagreements and some overlap; individual radicals may not “belong” to an organized group but find elements of multiple different ideologies attractive.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PnqPlT">
Were there to be a ’70s-style sustained terrorist campaign from such militants, the results would likely be deadlier. According to UMD-START, though there were about eight times as many terrorist attacks in the 1970s as between 2010 and 2016, that disparity isn’t reflected in the fatalities (172 versus 140). This is partly the result of tactical choices by the 70s militants themselves, some of whom <a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Bringing_the_War_Home/O34F9hWb5UcC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=%22weather+underground%22+terrorism&amp;pg=PP1&amp;printsec=frontcover">preferred symbolic bombings of unoccupied buildings</a> over actual killing.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LdUTMI">
Today’s far right favors bloodier tactics.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="evdOTu">
The past few years of right-wing shootings — like the 2015 attack on Charleston’s Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church, the 2018 attack on Pittsburgh’s Tree of Life synagogue, and the 2019 attack on an El Paso Walmart with a heavily Latino clientele — were designed for maximum casualties, the perpetrators aiming to kill as many people from the groups they hate as possible. The Capitol Hill rioters <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/15/us/politics/fbi-investigation-capitol-sicknick.html">bludgeoned a police officer to death</a> and allegedly aimed to do more; prosecutors’ court filings warn of plans <a href="https://apnews.com/article/capitol-siege-fort-worth-texas-e13a0ee09d543415d46c3f34a02f444b">to take members of Congress hostage and perhaps even execute them</a>.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<pre><code> &lt;img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/7NnixXCOL7fyyaWKrM4-U50-zfw=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22245885/GettyImages_539553552.jpg" /&gt;
&lt;cite&gt;Andrew Lichtenstein/Corbis via Getty Images&lt;/cite&gt;
&lt;figcaption&gt;Funeral services for Ethel Lance, one of the nine parishioners of the historical Emanuel AME Church in Charleston killed in 2015.&lt;/figcaption&gt;</code></pre>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<pre><code> &lt;img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/THTrjqsAwzf12Y_lQThHAa2qAW8=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22245897/GettyImages_1055498668.jpg" /&gt;
&lt;cite&gt;Brendan Smialowski/AFP via Getty Images&lt;/cite&gt;
&lt;figcaption&gt;Caskets outside the Rodef Shalom Congregation in Pittsburgh, where the funeral for brothers Cecil Rosenthal and David Rosenthal — victims of the 2018 Tree of Life shooting — were held.&lt;/figcaption&gt;</code></pre>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<pre><code> &lt;img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/zZIVjCQcj0behRRpf1e7g9P3fGU=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22245914/GettyImages_1167051594.jpg" /&gt;
&lt;cite&gt;Mario Tama/Getty Images&lt;/cite&gt;
&lt;figcaption&gt;Pallbearers wheel the casket of Angelina Englisbee, 86, a victim of the 2019 mass shooting at an El Paso Walmart.&lt;/figcaption&gt;</code></pre>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0O9ofr">
The idea of a steady drip of right-wing violence in the years ahead seems almost too awful to contemplate. And, to be clear, it’s not inevitable — experts are divided on just how likely it is. Yale political scientist Stathis Kalyvas said that “I don’t think there will be much” violence in the coming years. University College London’s Kate Cronin-Furman, meanwhile, warned that we were in the midst of a “one-way ratchet” toward higher levels of far-right killing.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dkj2E3">
There’s evidence for both perspectives. On the one hand, the internet gives authorities a powerful new set of surveillance tools that can be used to monitor extremist groups. Moreover, the post-9/11 security state is very well practiced at disrupting terrorist plots as compared to the FBI of the 1970s.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DmFcDH">
On the other hand, the internet also allows for individuals to self-radicalize by reading extremist content to a degree impossible in the pre-internet age. In addition, the Trump administration has systematically deprioritized right-wing radicalism (as compared to jihadism) for years — to the point where right-wing radicals have <a href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2020-12-15/when-far-right-penetrates-law-enforcement">successfully infiltrated law enforcement agencies and the armed forces</a>. The day before Biden’s inauguration, two members of the National Guard were removed from DC security duties after <a href="https://www.wtol.com/article/news/politics/national-politics/inauguration/national-guard-members-removed-from-inauguration-security/65-d4906643-dc28-48e6-8d8f-89a4af647c38">investigators discovered ties to right-wing extremism</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EFB7gU">
The Capitol Hill attack itself could go both ways — finally leading US law enforcement to take the threat of far-right domestic actors seriously, but also helping the far right organize and inspiring its adherents to future violence.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BUMz0u">
But perhaps the biggest outstanding question is the degree to which the far right gets encouragement from the political mainstream.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TWCpTK">
Only a tiny proportion of Americans are members of neo-Nazi organizations or Three Percenter militias. But Trump has proven uniquely effective at mainstreaming far-right politics. Whether calling the Charlottesville demonstrators “very fine people,” ordering the Proud Boys to “stand back and stand by” at a presidential debate, or telling the January 6 rioters that “<a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/1/6/22217630/trump-capitol-riots-mob-violence-love-you-stolen-election-lies">we love you</a>” as they ransacked the Capitol, the president has made it clear that violent fringe groups are a part of his coalition. There is no doubt that this has galvanized the far right, promoting recruiting and encouraging those who are already radicalized to be more violent.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GxrJE6">
In the days following the January 6 assault on the Capitol, Politico reporter Tim Alberta <a href="https://twitter.com/TimAlberta/status/1348328968081072133">tweeted</a> that “the stuff I’ve heard in the last 72 hours—from members of Congress, law enforcement friends, gun shop owners, MAGA devotees—is absolutely chilling. We need to brace for a wave of violence in this country. Not just over the next couple of weeks, but over the next couple of years.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="l6d4zh">
The question now is how the mainstream Republican Party handles this threat of violence. On this score, we have few reasons for optimism.
</p>
<h3 id="LtWPVS">
The Republican Party’s delegitimization of Democrats and the mainstreaming of political violence
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="80LIyh">
In 1964, right-wing radical Barry Goldwater won the Republican nomination for president — and the endorsement of both the Georgia and Alabama chapters of the Ku Klux Klan. When asked for comment, Republican National Committee Chair Dean Burch <a href="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/540f1546e4b0ca60699c8f73/t/5c3e694321c67c3d28e992ba/1547594053027/Long+New+Right+Jan+2019.pdf">welcomed the Klan’s support</a>: “We’re not in the business of discouraging votes,” he told the Associated Press.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qxzmic">
Though Goldwater eventually overrode Burch and disavowed the Klan, <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Before-Storm-Goldwater-Unmaking-Consensus/dp/1568584121" rel="sponsored nofollow noopener" target="_blank">he did little</a> to distance himself from other far-right supporters — like the viciously anti-Semitic minister Gerald L.K. Smith, who praised Goldwater because “<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1964/10/11/archives/gerald-lk-smith-still-in-business-rightist-continues-to-print.html">every Jewish journal is against him</a>.”
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<pre><code> &lt;img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/44hml75nlNrUQZ7kG8_D_1dyZYk=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22245937/GettyImages_832853448.jpg" /&gt;
&lt;cite&gt;Library of Congress/Getty Images&lt;/cite&gt;
&lt;figcaption&gt;Ku Klux Klan members supporting Barry Goldwater’s campaign for the presidency at the Republican National Convention on July 12, 1964, in San Francisco, California.&lt;/figcaption&gt;</code></pre>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<pre><code> &lt;img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/MvxrxQ_0MUljXTC5eU-DXmkuSSs=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22245936/GettyImages_1188719110.jpg" /&gt;
&lt;cite&gt;Stan Wayman/The LIFE Picture Collection via Getty Images&lt;/cite&gt;
&lt;figcaption&gt;A Goldwater supporter in Lima, Ohio, in 1964.&lt;/figcaption&gt;</code></pre>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8y74yl">
In a 2019 paper, the political scientists Sam Rosenfeld and Daniel Schlozman find that <a href="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/540f1546e4b0ca60699c8f73/t/5c3e694321c67c3d28e992ba/1547594053027/Long+New+Right+Jan+2019.pdf">the Goldwater campaign’s approach to extremism</a> “presaged a half century of Republican politics to come.” The conservative movement, and the Republican Party it has long dominated, was so preoccupied with its eternal quest to defeat its liberal enemies that it had no interest in seriously policing its own right flanks.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HvTLF7">
“The goal to smash liberalism came first,” Rosenfeld and Schlozman write, leading to “a politics devoid of ... internal checks on extremism.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cd4Toe">
These two factors — the GOP’s all-consuming hatred of liberalism and its attendant unwillingness to police its own members — have not only pushed the party further and further to the right. They have created a climate in which Trumpism and its mainstreaming of the violent fringe can thrive.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NNuYpb">
For decades now, the Republican Party and the right-wing media echo chamber have been telling its faithful that mainstream Democrats are not just political rivals but an <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/22217696/republicans-trump-capitol-hill-storming-mob-responsible">existential threat</a>. Just think about the things that have been said on Fox and talk radio in the past decade: Glenn Beck arguing that <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/11/7/13556876/glenn-beck-obama-trump">AmeriCorps would become Obama’s SS</a>, Rush Limbaugh claiming that Obama’s America was a place where <a href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/rush-limbaugh-obamas-amer_n_288371">white children would be beaten while Black ones cheered</a>, and — of course — the spread of Donald Trump’s claim that Obama wasn’t born in America, something <a href="https://docs.cdn.yougov.com/xj7rpmvws8/econTabReport.pdf#page=139">56 percent of Republicans still believe</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wB6UPG">
The defining essay of the Trump era is a 2016 piece called the “<a href="https://claremontreviewofbooks.com/digital/the-flight-93-election/">The Flight 93 Election</a>.” Written by Michael Anton, a conservative academic who would later serve on Trump’s National Security Council, it compared the election to the single disrupted 9/11 hijacking — United Flight 93, in which brave passengers stormed the cockpit and forced the plane to crash before hitting its target (the Capitol). If Trump loses, Anton argued, America as we know it would collapse: “Charge the cockpit or you die.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uNlDva">
That call to action in the face of an existential threat has animated conservative discourse for years. In their 2009 book <a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Guns_Democracy_and_the_Insurrectionist_I/1kY_DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=joshua+horwitz&amp;printsec=frontcover"><em>Guns, Democracy, and the Insurrectionist Idea</em></a>, gun policy experts Joshua Horowitz and Casey Anderson argue that calls to violence have become — via debates about the Second Amendment — an integral part of modern right-wing thinking. Republicans explicitly argue “that our constitution guarantees every American the right to prepare for armed confrontation with the government.” They note:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oXGzlu">
In Heller v. DC, a [2008] challenge to the District of Columbia’s gun laws, the NRA, appearing as an amicus curiae, contended that one purpose of the Second Amendment is to protect an individual right to arm against the ‘depredations of a tyrannical government.’ The vice president of the United States and 305 members of Congress asked the Court to support that view. And in fact, in a landmark decision striking down parts of the District’s gun laws, the Court found that the Second Amendment includes an individual right to insurrection. Justice Antonin Scalia wrote that citizens acting on their own are entitled to arm themselves and connect with others ‘in a citizen militia’ to counter government tyranny.
</p>
</blockquote>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="i1rr4C">
For many conservatives, this is merely an issue of originalist jurisprudence: The founders believed this, and, like it or not, it’s how we must think about our gun laws, too. But if you live in right-wing spaces, told constantly by <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/22217696/republicans-trump-capitol-hill-storming-mob-responsible">politicians like Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX) and media figures like Limbaugh</a> that Democrats are tyrants in the making, why wouldn’t you conclude that the time for insurrection is nigh?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="G1RDTD">
Some Republicans make this linkage more clearly. In 2016, for example, then-candidate Trump suggested that “<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/10/us/politics/donald-trump-hillary-clinton.html">Second Amendment people</a>” might be justified in using force to resist rulings from judges appointed by Hillary Clinton. In <a href="https://coloradotimesrecorder.com/2020/12/boebert-second-amendment-isnt-about-hunting-except-hunting-tyrants-maybe/33413/">December</a>, Rep. Lauren Boebert (R-CO) posted a tweet comparing coronavirus lockdowns to the “tyranny” opposed by the founders, following it up with an interview in which she said the Second Amendment is for “hunting tyrants.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vSVFg8">
Trump and legislators like Boebert, <a href="https://www.axios.com/lauren-boebert-house-election-colorado-qanon-9fde24b3-805b-4137-a557-2f0d55724b0f.html">a QAnon supporter</a>, are not the type of people that the Republican establishment ideally wants to put forward. But in both cases, the party’s leadership could have repudiated the candidates after their respective primary victories and chose not to — because beating Democrats was more important than beating extremism.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GA5jim">
The Republican Party’s inability to self-police is one of the big reasons to be pessimistic about America’s ability to head off a coming violent wave.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<pre><code> &lt;img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/FifrH0CvShNeo2Ih6uWnunSs2uA=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22245942/GettyImages_1294461317.jpg" /&gt;
&lt;cite&gt;Tasos Katopodis/Getty Images&lt;/cite&gt;
&lt;figcaption&gt;Reps. Lauren Boebert (R-CO, center in dark blue) and Marjorie Taylor Greene (R-GA, center in red) stand with other newly elected Republican House members for a group photo on January 4.&lt;/figcaption&gt;</code></pre>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bcSh8Q">
It’s not just that Trump is unlikely to be fully repudiated by his party; it’s that his extremist allies will remain party members in good standing. Sens. Cruz and Josh Hawley (MO), who helped legitimize Trump’s push to overturn the 2020 election results, and the majority of House Republicans backed this effort; the most extreme ones, like Boebert and Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene (GA), have only gotten more prominent since the Capitol Hill attack.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="C2F0op">
“We’ve got previously fairly mainstream-ish GOP politicians emboldened to directly undermine the Constitution; we’ve got MAGA fools feeling empowered to make more and more explicit threats,” Cronin-Furman says.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5Qkv5S">
“In the current climate, they’re deriving increasing benefits from their actions and paying basically no costs.”
</p>
<h3 id="KEqSjx">
Democracy under attack
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nPesBo">
The most successful terrorist campaign in American political history took place after the Civil War.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="s5pkIe">
Ex-Confederate soldiers and ordinary Southerners unwilling to give up on white supremacy formed a series of violent cells aimed at undermining Reconstruction. Their attacks, the most infamous of which were lynchings of recently freed Black people, aimed to disrupt racially egalitarian governments and impose costs on the North for continuing to occupy Southern land. The violence increased after Reconstruction ended, working to intimidate local Black populations while Southern states created new regimes that would render them second-class citizens.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GH4mZf">
Southern lynch mobs did not strike at random; they often targeted Black Americans in ways calculated to depress their political activity and empower the anti-Black Democratic Party. The journalist Ida B. Wells, <a href="https://www.laphamsquarterly.org/fear/unwritten-law">writing in 1900</a>, saw this clearly.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="a116ME">
“These advocates of the ‘unwritten law’ boldly avowed their purpose to intimidate, suppress, and nullify the Negro’s right to vote,” she wrote. “In support of its plans, the Ku Klux Klan, the Red Shirts, and similar organizations proceeded to beat, exile, and kill Negroes until the purpose of their organization was accomplished.”
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<figure class="e-image">
<pre><code> &lt;img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/PD39bDEHwwDuOwLOY_5ahSyVdAA=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22245965/AP_7710260147.jpg" /&gt;
&lt;cite&gt;Harold Valentine/AP&lt;/cite&gt;
&lt;figcaption&gt;Ku Klux Klan leader David Duke, pictured above, was a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from 1989 to 1992. He twice endorsed Trump for president.&lt;/figcaption&gt;</code></pre>
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tUjbBr">
Modern statistical evidence bears out Wells’s observation. A <a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/rule-by-violence-rule-by-law-lynching-jim-crow-and-the-continuing-evolution-of-voter-suppression-in-the-us/CBC6AD86B557A093D7E832F8D821978B">2019 paper</a> in the journal <em>Perspective on Politics </em>found that the numbers of lynchings in a given county went down significantly after state-level imposition of Jim Crow statutes; in other words, the violence only declined after it had accomplished its ends.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PMHNbh">
Political violence is not part of a healthy democracy; it is its antithesis, used to accomplish ends that cannot be reached at the ballot box alone. But, perversely, such violence can be <em>used</em> by political actors in a democracy to get what they want — even if they do not have formal links with the violent groups, just a shared ideological affinity. This was part of the story of the South after the Civil War; it was part of America’s story in the Trump era, and may well remain one during Biden’s presidency.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6MkPVz">
In mid-January, Rep. Jason Crow (D-CO) said that the threat of violent reprisal was a <a href="https://twitter.com/MeetThePress/status/1349369689227603968">major reason more House Republicans weren’t voting to impeach Trump</a> in the wake of the attack on the Capitol.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ntAqCc">
“The majority of them are paralyzed with fear,” Crow said on MSNBC. “I had a lot of conversations with my Republican colleagues last night, and a couple of them broke down in tears — saying that they are afraid for their lives if they vote for this impeachment.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LqiGEN">
Alberta, the Politico correspondent, found in his own reporting that “<a href="https://twitter.com/TimAlberta/status/1349389150622019584">Crow was right</a>.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="13x1fn">
“I know for a fact several members <em>want</em> to impeach but fear casting that vote could get them or their families murdered,” Alberta writes. “Numerous House Republicans have received death threats in the past week.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cKlprw">
This fear did not only affect the impeachment vote. Rep. Pete Meijer (R-MI) has said that he personally knows <a href="https://reason.com/2021/01/08/amash-successor-peter-meijer-trumps-deceptions-are-rankly-unfit/">several House Republicans</a> who wanted to vote to certify Biden’s 2020 electoral win but were afraid for their lives if they chose to do so.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NFkV3D">
We do not actually need a huge spike in far-right violence for it to be politically impactful. The mere threat of future violence can poison a democracy.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<pre><code> &lt;img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/MxAWi1Ktsg9cEgyfLevVwzedDok=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22245971/AP_21017680249565.jpg" /&gt;
&lt;cite&gt;Winslow Townson/AP&lt;/cite&gt;
&lt;figcaption&gt;Armed Trump supporters stand in front of the New Hampshire Statehouse in Concord on January 17.&lt;/figcaption&gt;</code></pre>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<pre><code> &lt;img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/xu3b8jZZx5Ntf0I5Gna0_aEfTRg=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22245972/AP_21017765748708.jpg" /&gt;
&lt;cite&gt;Noah Berger/AP&lt;/cite&gt;
&lt;figcaption&gt;Self-described Liberty Boys, an anti-government group, stand outside the Oregon Capitol in Salem on January 17.&lt;/figcaption&gt;</code></pre>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fS7LMm">
And the problem is self-replicating. If more moderate Republicans are afraid to speak up, extremists will increasingly speak for the party. The more the extremists speak for the party, the more they will push Republicans voters to the far right and embolden violent far-right actors, further intimidating moderate voices from speaking out.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="s23HXI">
This is one key difference from the political dynamics of the 1970s. Back then, <a href="https://twitter.com/yeselson/status/1347995541049847810">no significant faction of the Democratic Party</a> was aligned with the violent radicals. Today, large sections of the far right see themselves as acting on behalf of or in conjunction with the Trumpist forces in the Republican Party. In footage of Capitol Hill mobbers ransacking the Senate floor, one attacker justifies his actions by saying “<a href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/ted-cruz-would-want-us-to-do-this-capitol-rioter-tells-maga-mob-pals-in-video-from-senate-floor">[Ted] Cruz would want us to do this</a>.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YVb71d">
“There seem to be enough guns, political support, and rhetorical space to sustain at least some degree of mobilization by violence-curious radicals,” says Paul Staniland, a political scientist at the University of Chicago. “It’s a lot easier to unleash carnage than to pack it back away.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ssvSXT">
Biden’s presidency has not ended the threat to American democracy from violent radicals. There’s a real chance it could get worse from here.
</p>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Beyond Meat and Pepsi are teaming up to make plant-based snacks and drinks</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/DOZ1qjpAKPEUW112t84sMcXxhrs=/0x0:4032x3024/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/68729741/1191841682.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
A Beyond Meat burger in a café in Italy. | Mairo Cinquetti/NurPhoto via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The third-largest food company in the world is embracing meatless meat.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7OYAs6">
Plant-based meat got <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/26/business/pepsi-beyond-meat-joint-venture/index.html">another big corporate ally on Tuesday</a>: Pepsi.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5cvnL5">
The soda giant <a href="https://www.pepsico.com/news/story/pepsico-goes-beyond">announced</a> that it was forming The PLANeT Partnership with Beyond Meat, one of the world’s largest plant-based meat manufacturers, to “develop, produce and market snacks and beverages made from plant-based protein — bringing together Beyond Meat’s innovation expertise with PepsiCo’s marketing and commercial capabilities.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GTnL52">
PepsiCo is the <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/chloesorvino/2020/05/13/the-worlds-largest-food-and-restaurant-companies-in-2020/?sh=5205ed8a262d">third-largest food company in the world</a> per Forbes’s composite measure, after Nestlé and alcohol giant Anheuser-Busch InBev. In addition to soft drinks, PepsiCo has considerable holdings in snack food, including its Frito-Lay division (which includes Doritos, Cheetos, and Tostitos) and Quaker Foods (Quaker Oats, Cap’n Crunch, Aunt Jemima, etc.). It also owns Naked Juice, which produces high-protein smoothies that could be a natural point for collaboration with Beyond.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9i20pE">
Perhaps the largest likely collaboration, though, is on snacks. Beyond<strong> </strong>and its competitors like Impossible Foods owe much of their growth to collaborations with established fast food companies. Impossible’s <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/4/1/18290762/burger-king-impossible-whopper-plant-based-meat">“Impossible Whopper” at Burger King</a> and Beyond’s <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/6/20/18691964/del-tacos-meatless-tacos-beyond-meat-taco-bell">successful</a> partnership with <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/4/15/18311396/beyond-meat-del-taco-plant-based-mexican-food">Del Taco</a> arguably set off the surge back in 2019, following early trials at smaller chains like White Castle and Carl’s Jr. By early 2020, as <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/10/10/20870872/where-to-buy-impossible-foods-beyond-meat">my colleague Sigal Samuel tallied</a>, Beyond was available everywhere from Subway to Dunkin’, with Impossible at the Cheesecake Factory, Applebee’s, and Qdoba.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<div id="QDLcph">
<div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oEQFQX">
You can buy Impossible and Beyond at supermarkets too, but the restaurant rollouts offered a useful PR strategy for the companies. Each new partnership was an occasion for an announcement and<strong> </strong>burst of press coverage and awareness-raising. Regional brand partnerships could get into local news stations and newspapers and reach new markets more effectively than just stocking the products at local grocery stores.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dVVRiu">
Collaborating on snack foods is a kind of middle way between restaurant rollouts and grocery stores. Doritos and Lay’s are obviously not confined to any particular restaurant chain. But staggered announcements of new snacks and snack flavors have a similar PR benefit to the restaurant-based rollouts. So far, Pepsi and Beyond haven’t teased any potential snack collaborations, so we’ll have to wait and see what they develop.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="k5P8OR">
The partnership is also striking because Beyond and Impossible are increasingly cross-pressured by incumbent food companies. The chicken giants Perdue and Tyson, as well as international behemoth Nestlé, are investing heavily in plant-based meat on their own, as <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/22196077/impossible-foods-tesco-ikea-panera">Brian Kateman has written at Vox</a>. Nestlé is investing in particular in China, a potentially <a href="https://time.com/5930095/china-plant-based-meat/">gigantic market for plant-based meat</a> and a country where <a href="https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/china-fake-meat-vegetarian-intl-hnk/index.html">plant-based meat substitutes have literally centuries of history</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WfNYXK">
PepsiCo’s decision to partner with Beyond rather than strike out on its own or work with another food giant suggests that Beyond and Impossible, both <a href="https://www.axios.com/impossible-foods-series-g-valuation-13c4af1b-1141-4c27-ba58-f1cb04583e58.html#:~:text=Impossible%20Foods%20raises%20%24200%20million%20at%20estimated%20%244%20billion%20valuation,-Kia%20Kokalitcheva">multibillion</a>-dollar companies but relative upstarts compared to Pepsi and Nestlé, remain competitive and a few steps ahead of their larger rivals.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kIBkP0">
Some market analysts remain skeptical; <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/26/beyond-meat-and-pepsico-form-venture-to-make-plant-based-products.html">JPMorgan’s Ken Goldman</a> said in a client note, “Is there a huge, uncounted population clamoring for vegan Doritos? Probably not, in our opinion.” He may be right, but the two companies could be more ambitious than just vegan Doritos and make snacks that have been largely neglected by plant-based meat producers, like beef jerky or pork rinds. Goldman also expressed doubt that the large percent spike in Beyond Meat shares was justified by the announcement (the company <a href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/BYND:NASDAQ?sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj249yB0bzuAhURFVkFHZwsDWQQ3ecFMAB6BAgDEBk">finished Tuesday</a> up nearly 18 percent from its Monday close). <a href="https://www.barrons.com/articles/beyond-meat-stock-pepsico-partnership-51611680648">Teresa Rivas at Barrons</a> argued the stock rise was partly the result of activist retail investors getting into the stock, the same way they’ve been <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22249458/gamestop-stock-wallstreetbets-reddit-citron">boosting GameStop</a> and other consumer brands this week.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YqiejW">
It’s hard to argue, though, that this isn’t a significant win for Beyond, even if not an 18 percent win.
</p>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>This English side has formidable players to be in winning position against India, says Andy Flower</strong> - Asked to pick a favourite for the four-Test series starting February 5 in Chennai, Andy Flower declined.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>With quarantines almost over, tennis set to start Down Under</strong> - The 14-day period of isolation for most players was scheduled to end from late Thursday and early Friday local time.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>In a first, India to clash with India A in England before Test series</strong> - The game will be played at the County Ground in Northamptonshire in July later this year.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Messi returns as Barcelona rallies past Rayo in Copa del Rey</strong> - It was the first time Messi played in a Copa match this season.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Tuchel’s first game as Chelsea coach ends in 0-0 draw vs Wolves</strong> - The point moved Chelsea up to eighth but the result highlighted the task facing Tuchel as he seeks to get the team back into the top four and qualify for next season’s Champions League</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Nirani warns officials showing laxity in revenue collection</strong> - Minister for Mines &amp; Geology Murugesh R Nirani on Thursday warned the department officials, particularly district heads, not to show laxity in the</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Delhi violence instigated by BJP in collusion with AAP, says Amarinder</strong> - Punjab CM lashes out at Javadekar for shifting the blame on Rahul Gandhi</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>India carried out 5th highest no of COVID vaccination till Jan 26: Govt</strong> - “India was the fastest country to reach 1 million COVID-19 vaccinations in six days.”</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Tentative dates for SSLC exams announced</strong> - Primary and Secondary Education Minister Suresh Kumar has announced the dates for SSLC exams. At a press conference here today he said that the exams</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Republic Day parade: Uttar Pradesh wins best tableau award</strong> - Kiren Rijiju gave the award of best cultural performance to the children of Mount Abu Public School and Vidya Bharti School Rohini, Delhi.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Coronavirus: Germany facing '10 tough weeks' of vaccine shortages</strong> - The health minister says supply issues will continue amid a row between the EU and AstraZeneca.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>German far-right gunman gets life for murder of politician Lübcke</strong> - Stephan Ernst admitted firing the shot that killed prominent pro-migrant politician Walter Lübcke.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Poland enforces controversial near-total abortion ban</strong> - Protests are planned after the ban came into effect at midnight on Wednesday</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Navalny protests: Russia threatens TikTok with fines over protest posts</strong> - Russia says TikTok and other social media giants are refusing to remove posts about recent protests.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Emotet botnet taken down by international police swoop</strong> - Police from the UK, EU, and North America take down a notorious cyber-crime web.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Discord bans WallStreetBets as subreddit briefly goes private</strong> - Brokers, regulators express concern about extreme social media-driven volatility. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1737835">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Apple reports double-digit sales booms for every product category in Q1 2021</strong> - There are now more than one billion iPhones in the wild. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1737794">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Tesla reports its first annual profit</strong> - Tesla made a $721 million profit thanks to $1.58 billion in regulatory credits. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1737789">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sidewalk-robot startup celebrates 1 million deliveries</strong> - Low speeds enabled Starship to launch its service safely and quickly. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1737650">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Unstable helium adds a limit on the ongoing saga of the proton’s size</strong> - Putting a muon in orbit around a helium nucleus gives us measurements that make sense. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1737738">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Betty White just turned 99 and she still doesn't need glasses.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
She drinks straight from the bottle.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/pickberries"> /u/pickberries </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/l6l3oq/betty_white_just_turned_99_and_she_still_doesnt/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/l6l3oq/betty_white_just_turned_99_and_she_still_doesnt/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>A man settles in his seat next to the window on a plane, when another man sits down next to him and seats his Black Labrador Retriever in-between them. The first man looks very quizzically at the dog and asks why he's allowed on the plane. The second man explains that he's a DEA-Agent, Sniffing-dog.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
His name is Sniffer, and he's the best there is. I'll show you once we get airborne, when I put him to work."
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The plane takes off, and once it has levelled out, the agent says "Watch this. He tells Sniffer to 'search'". Sniffer jumps down, walks along the aisle, and finally sits very purposefully next to a woman for several seconds. Sniffer then returns to its seat and puts one paw on the agent's arm. The agent says, "Good boy", and he turns to the man and says: "That woman is in possession of marijuana, so I'm making a note of her seat number and the authorities will apprehend her when we land." "Say, that's pretty neat." replies the first man.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Once again, the agent sends Sniffer to search the aisles. The Lab sniffs about, sits down beside a man for a few seconds, returns to its seat, and this time, he places TWO paws on the agent's arm. The agent says, "That man is carrying cocaine, so again, I m making a note of his seat number for the police." "I like it!" says his seat mate.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The agent then tells Sniffer to "search" again. Sniffer walks up and down the aisles for a little while, sits down for a moment, and then comes racing back to the agent, jumps into the middle seat and proceeds to poop all over the place. The first man is really grossed out by this behaviour and can't figure out how or why a well-trained dog would act like that, so he asks the agent, "What's going on?"
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The agent nervously replies, "He just found a bomb!"
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/throughmethroughyou"> /u/throughmethroughyou </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/l6gfb2/a_man_settles_in_his_seat_next_to_the_window_on_a/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/l6gfb2/a_man_settles_in_his_seat_next_to_the_window_on_a/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>What do you call a potato that looks like a penis?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A dictator.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
What do you call a regular looking potato?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A commentator.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
There are two potatoes standing on the side of the road, how do you tell which one is the hooker?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The one that says Idaho on it.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/markeymarkbeaty"> /u/markeymarkbeaty </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/l6lzf7/what_do_you_call_a_potato_that_looks_like_a_penis/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/l6lzf7/what_do_you_call_a_potato_that_looks_like_a_penis/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>How to become a millionaire:</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Step One: Be a billionaire
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Step Two: Short sell $GME
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Briterac"> /u/Briterac </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/l6jzs3/how_to_become_a_millionaire/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/l6jzs3/how_to_become_a_millionaire/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>I've posted 9 puns here in this sub but none of them got upvoted. If this one doesn't either, then...</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
...no pun in ten did
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
edit: thanks for all the love and awards, folks! I guess this was not planned, but one in ten did.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/rlemmie"> /u/rlemmie </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/l66psr/ive_posted_9_puns_here_in_this_sub_but_none_of/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/l66psr/ive_posted_9_puns_here_in_this_sub_but_none_of/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
<script>AOS.init();</script></body></html>

4
index.html
View File

File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long