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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Stress, coping, and quality of life in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
While research has widely explored stress, coping, and quality of life (QOL) individually and the potential links between them, there is a critical dearth in the literature regarding these constructs in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study aims to identify the salient stressors experienced, describe the coping strategies used, and examine the relationships between stress, coping, and current QOL among individuals during the pandemic. Data are from a nationally representative sample of 1,004 respondents who completed an online survey. Key measures included stressful life events (SLEs), coping strategies, and the physical and psychological health domains of QOL. Staged multivariate linear regression analyses examined the relationships between the two QOL domains and SLEs, controlling for sociodemographic and pre-existing health conditions and testing for the effects of coping strategies on these relationships. The most common SLEs experienced during the pandemic were a decrease in financial status, personal injury or illness, and change in living conditions. Problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping were significantly related to higher levels of QOL, whereas avoidant coping was associated with lower QOL. Avoidant coping partially mediated the relationship between experiencing SLEs and reduced physical and psychological QOL. Our study informs clinical interventions to help individuals adopt healthy behaviors to effectively manage stressors, especially large-scale traumatic events like the pandemic. Our findings also call for public health and clinical interventions to address the long-term impacts of the most prevalent stressors experienced during the pandemic among vulnerable groups.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.03.22281899v1" target="_blank">Stress, coping, and quality of life in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Changes in Alcohol Consumption during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Wisconsin</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic increased stress levels broadly in the general population. Patterns of alcohol consumption are known to increase in times of increased stress like natural disasters, disease outbreaks, and economic turmoil. Wisconsin is an important place to study changes in alcohol consumption because it is one of the heaviest-drinking states in the United States. The primary aim of this study is to identify changes in alcohol use at three distinct timepoints during the COVID-19 pandemic in a statewide sample. Methods: An online survey was sent to 5,502 previous Survey of the Health of Wisconsin (SHOW) participants to ask about a wide range of topics related to COVID-19. The timepoints were taken May through June 2020 (Wave 1), January to February 2021 (Wave 2), and June 2021 (Wave 3) The sample included 1,290, 1,868, and 1,585 participants in each of the three waves respectively. Changes in alcohol consumption (whether they drank more, about the same, or less) were examined by race, age, gender, educational attainment, annual income, anxiety and depression status, remote work status, whether the participant experienced employment changes due to COVID-19, and whether there were children present in the home. Within-wave univariate changes in alcohol consumption were evaluated by demographics using a chi-squared test. Results: In all three waves, those with anxiety, a bachelors degree or higher, two younger age groups, and those with children in the home were significantly more likely to increase alcohol consumption. Those reporting depression, those in the highest income quartile, and those working remotely were more likely to report increased drinking in the first two surveys, but not in the third survey. Participants reporting changes in employment due to COVID-19 were more likely to increase drinking in the first survey only. Non-white participants were more likely to report decreased drinking in the first survey only. Conclusions: There may be subpopulations in Wisconsin at higher risk for the negative effects of heavy drinking during the pandemic like those with anxiety, those with children in the home, those with a bachelors degree or higher, and those in younger age groups, as these groups had consistently higher alcohol use that did not subside 15 months after lockdowns began.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.07.22282029v1" target="_blank">Changes in Alcohol Consumption during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Wisconsin</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Systematic review of the prevalence of Long Covid</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: Long Covid occurs in those infected with SARSCoV2 whose symptoms persist or develop beyond the acute phase. We conducted a systematic review to determine the prevalence of persistent symptoms, functional disability or pathological changes in adults or children at least 12 weeks post-infection. Methods: We searched MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (OVID), the Cochrane Covid-19 Study register, WHO ICTRP, medRxiv, Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE (PubMed), ClinicalTrials.gov, and the WHO Global research on coronavirus disease (COVID-19) database from 1st January 2020 to 2nd November 2021, limited to publications in English. We included studies with at least 100 participants. Studies where all participants were critically ill were excluded. Articles were screened independently by two reviewers, with disagreements resolved by a third. Long Covid (primary outcome) was extracted as prevalence of at least one symptom or pathology, or prevalence of the most common symptom or pathology, at 12 weeks or later. Heterogeneity was quantified in absolute terms and as a proportion of total variation and explored across pre-defined subgroups (PROSPERO ID CRD42020218351). Findings: In total 120 studies in 130 publications were included. Length of follow-up varied from 12 weeks to over 12 months. Few studies had low risk of bias. All complete and subgroup analyses except one had I2 ≥ 90%, with prevalence of persistent symptoms ranging between 0% and 93%. Studies using routine healthcare records tended to report lower prevalence of persistent symptoms/pathology than self-report. However, studies systematically investigating pathology in all participants at follow up tended to report the highest estimates of all three. Studies of hospitalised cases had generally higher estimates than community-based studies. Interpretation: The way in which Long Covid is defined and measured affects prevalence estimation. Given the widespread nature of SARSCoV2 infection globally, the burden of chronic illness is likely to be substantial even using the most conservative estimates.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.06.22281979v1" target="_blank">Systematic review of the prevalence of Long Covid</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Systematic review of the clinical effectiveness of Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab for prophylaxis of COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background and aims Immunocompromised patients have a reduced ability to generate antibodies after COVID-19 vaccination and are at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, complications and mortality. Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab (Evusheld) is a monoclonal antibody combination which bind to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, preventing the virus entering human cells. The phase III PROVENT trial reported that immunocompromised patients given Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab had a significantly reduced risk of COVID-19 infection. However, PROVENT was conducted before the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron became prevalent. This systematic review provides an updated summary of real-world clinical evidence of Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab effectiveness in immunocompromised patients. Methods Two independent reviewers conducted PubMed and medRxiv searches for the period of 01/01/2021 to 01/10/2022. Clinical studies which reported the primary outcome of breakthrough COVID-19 infections after Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab administration were included in the review. COVID-19-related hospitalisations, ITU admissions and mortality were assessed as secondary outcomes. Clinical effectiveness was determined using the case-control clinical effectiveness methodology. The GRADE tool was used to ascertain the level of certainty for the primary outcome in each study. Results 17 clinical studies were included, comprising 24,773 immunocompromised participants of whom 10,775 received Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab. Most studies reported clinical outcomes during the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron wave. Six studies compared a Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab intervention group to a control group. Overall, the clinical effectiveness of prophylactic Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab against COVID-19 breakthrough infection, hospitalisation and ITU admission were 40.47%, 69.23% and 87.89%, respectively. For prevention of all-cause and COVID-19-specifc mortality, overall clinical effectiveness was 81.29% and 86.36%, respectively. Conclusions There is a growing body of real-world evidence validating the original PROVENT phase III study regarding the clinical effectiveness of Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab as prophylaxis for immunocompromised patients, notably demonstrating effectiveness during the Omicron wave. This review demonstrates the clinical effectiveness of prophylactic Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab at reducing COVID-19 infection, hospitalisation, ITU admission and mortality for immunosuppressed individuals. It is important that ongoing larger-scale and better-controlled real world studies are initiated and evaluated to provide ongoing certainty of the clinical benefit of prophylactic antibody treatment for immunocompromised patients in the face of new variants.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.07.22281786v1" target="_blank">Systematic review of the clinical effectiveness of Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab for prophylaxis of COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>A comprehensive knowledgebase of known and predicted human genetic variants associated with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Host genetic susceptibility is a key risk factor for severe illness associated with COVID-19. Despite numerous studies of COVID-19 host genetics, our knowledge of COVID-19-associated variants is still limited, and there is no resource comprising all the published variants and categorizing them based on their confidence level. Also, there are currently no computational tools available to predict novel COVID-19 severity variants. Therefore, we collated 820 host genetic variants reported to affect COVID-19 susceptibility by means of a systematic literature search and confidence evaluation, and obtained 196 high-confidence variants. We then developed the first machine learning classifier of severe COVID-19 variants to perform a genome-wide prediction of COVID-19 severity for 82,468,698 missense variants in the human genome. We further evaluated the classifier9s predictions using feature importance analyses to investigate the biological properties of COVID-19 susceptibility variants, which identified conservation scores as the most impactful predictive features. The results of enrichment analyses revealed that genes carrying high-confidence COVID-19 susceptibility variants shared pathways, networks, diseases and biological functions, with the immune system and infectious disease being the most significant categories. Additionally, we investigated the pleiotropic effects of COVID-19-associated variants using phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) in ~40,000 BioMe BioBank genotyped individuals, revealing pre-existing conditions that could serve to increase the risk of severe COVID-19 such as chronic liver disease and thromboembolism. Lastly, we generated a web-based interface for exploring, downloading and submitting genetic variants associated with COVID-19 susceptibility for use in both research and clinical settings (https://itanlab.shinyapps.io/COVID19webpage/). Taken together, our work provides the most comprehensive COVID-19 host genetics knowledgebase to date for the known and predicted genetic determinants of severe COVID-19, a resource that should further contribute to our understanding of the biology underlying COVID-19 susceptibility and facilitate the identification of individuals at high risk for severe COVID-19.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.03.22281867v1" target="_blank">A comprehensive knowledgebase of known and predicted human genetic variants associated with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>4-Fluorouridine mitigates lethal infection with pandemic human and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses</strong> -
<div>
Influenza outbreaks are associated with substantial morbidity, mortality and economic burden. Next generation antivirals are needed to treat seasonal infections and prepare against zoonotic spillover of avian influenza viruses with pandemic potential. Having previously identified oral efficacy of the nucleoside analog 4-Fluorouridine (4-FlU, EIDD-2749) against SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory syncytial virus, we explored activity of the compound against seasonal and highly pathogenic influenza (HPAI) viruses in cell culture, human airway epithelium organoids, and/or two animal models, ferrets and mice, that assess IAV transmission and lethal viral pneumonia, respectively. 4-FlU inhibited a panel of relevant influenza A and B viruses with nanomolar potency in organoids. In vitro polymerase assays revealed immediate chain termination of IAV polymerase after 4-FlU incorporation, in contrast to delayed chain termination of SARS-CoV-2 and RSV polymerase. Once-daily oral treatment of ferrets with 2 mg/kg 4-FlU initiated 12 hours after infection rapidly stopped virus shedding and prevented direct-contact transmission to untreated sentinels. Treatment of mice infected with a lethal inoculum of pandemic A/CA/07/2009 (H1N1) (Ca09) with 2 mg/kg 4-FlU alleviated pneumonia. Three doses mediated complete survival when treatment was initiated up to 60 hours after infection, indicating an unusually broad window for effective intervention. Therapeutic oral 4-FlU ensured survival of animals infected with HPAI A/VN/12/2003 (H5N1) and of immunocompromised mice infected with pandemic Ca09. Recoverees were fully protected against homologous reinfection. This study defines the mechanistic foundation for high sensitivity of influenza viruses to 4-FlU and supports 4-FlU as developmental candidate for the treatment of seasonal and pandemic influenza.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.05.515296v1" target="_blank">4-Fluorouridine mitigates lethal infection with pandemic human and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>ARF6 is a host factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro</strong> -
<div>
SARS-CoV-2 is a newly emerged beta-coronavirus that enter cells via two routes, direct fusion at the plasma membrane or endocytosis followed by fusion with the late endosome/lysosome. While the viral receptor, ACE2, multiple entry factors, and the mechanism of fusion of the virus at the plasma membrane have been extensively investigated, viral entry via the endocytic pathway is less understood. By using a human hepatocarcinoma cell line, Huh-7, which is resistant to the antiviral action of the TMPRSS2 inhibitor camostat, we discovered that SARS-CoV-2 entry is not dependent on dynamin but dependent on cholesterol. ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) has been described as a host factor for SARS-CoV-2 replication and it is involved in the entry and infection of several pathogenic viruses. Using CRISPR-Cas9 genetic deletion, we observed that ARF6 is important for SARS-CoV-2 uptake and infection in Huh-7. This finding was corroborated using a pharmacologic inhibitor, whereby the ARF6 inhibitor NAV-2729 showed a dose-dependent inhibition of viral infection. Importantly, NAV-2729 reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral loads also in more physiologic models of infection: Calu-3 and kidney organoids. This highlighted the importance of ARF6 in multiple cell contexts. Together, these experiments points to ARF6 as a putative target to develop antiviral strategies against SARS-CoV-2.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.09.495482v2" target="_blank">ARF6 is a host factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Mathematical Modeling of Impacts of Patient Differences on COVID-19 Lung Fibrosis Outcomes</strong> -
<div>
Patient-specific premorbidity, age, and sex are significant heterogeneous factors that influence the severe manifestation of lung diseases, including COVID-19 fibrosis. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a prominent role in regulating effects of these factors. Recent evidence suggests that patient-specific alteration of RAS homeostasis with premorbidity and the expression level of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), depending on age and sex, is correlated with lung fibrosis. However, conflicting evidence suggests decreases, increases, or no changes in RAS after SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, detailed mechanisms connecting the patient-specific conditions before infection to infection-induced fibrosis are still unknown. Here, a mathematical model is developed to quantify the systemic contribution of heterogeneous factors of RAS in the progression of lung fibrosis. Three submodels are connected - a RAS model, an agent-based COVID-19 in-host immune response model, and a fibrosis model - to investigate the effects of patient-group-specific factors in the systemic alteration of RAS and collagen deposition in the lung. The model results indicate cell death due to inflammatory response as a major contributor to the reduction of ACE and ACE2, whereas there are no significant changes in ACE2 dynamics due to viral-bound internalization of ACE2. Reduction of ACE reduces the homeostasis of RAS including angiotensin II (ANGII), while the decrease in ACE2 increases ANGII and results in severe lung injury and fibrosis. The model explains possible mechanisms for conflicting evidence of RAS alterations in previously published studies. Also, the results show that ACE2 variations with age and sex significantly alter RAS peptides and lead to fibrosis with around 20% additional collagen deposition from systemic RAS with slight variations depending on age and sex. This model may find further applications in patient-specific calibrations of tissue models for acute and chronic lung diseases to develop personalized treatments.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.06.515367v1" target="_blank">Mathematical Modeling of Impacts of Patient Differences on COVID-19 Lung Fibrosis Outcomes</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Motivational factors were more important than perceived risk or optimism for compliance to infection control measures in the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic</strong> -
<div>
Compliance to infection control measures may be influenced both by the fear of negative consequences of a pandemic, but also by the expectation to be able to handle the pandemic’s challenges. We performed a survey on a representative sample for Norway (N = 4,083) in the first weeks of the COVID-19 lock-down in March 2020. We had preregistered hypotheses to test the effect of optimism and perceived risk on compliance. Perceived risk had small effects on increasing compliance and on leading to more careful information gathering. The expected negative association between optimism and compliance was not supported, and there was instead a small positive association. We found a small effect that optimism was associated with seeing less risk from the pandemic and with a larger optimistic bias. Finally, an exploratory analysis showed that seeing the infection control measures as being effective in protecting others explained a substantial proportion of the variation in compliance. The study indicates that how we think about pandemic risk has complex and non-intuitive relationships with compliance. Our beliefs and motivations toward infection control measures appears to be important for compliance.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/njhvu/" target="_blank">Motivational factors were more important than perceived risk or optimism for compliance to infection control measures in the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>A Systematic Review on Medical Oxygen Ecosystem: Current State and Recent Advancements</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
<b>Background:</b> Medical oxygen is an essential component of modern healthcare, with a wide variety of applications ranging from supplemental use in surgery and trauma patients to the primary medication in oxygen therapy. This is the most effective treatment for any respiratory illness. Despite the importance of oxygen for public health and its demand as a life-saving drug, research on the subject is limited, with the majority of studies conducted following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the lack of empirical studies, we aimed to compile the recent research efforts with the current state of the field through a systematic review. <b>Methods:</b> We have performed a systematic review targeting the medical oxygen ecosystem, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). For the study, we have limited our scope to healthcare facilities and domiciliary applications of medical oxygen. We considered the articles published in the last twenty years, starting from the SARS outbreak in November 2002. <b>Results:</b> Our systematic search resulted in thirty-nine preliminary articles, with three more articles appended for a complete outlook on the topic. Based on the selected articles, the current state of the topic was presented through detailed discussion and analysis. <b>Conclusion:</b> We have presented an in-depth discussion of the research works found through the systematic search while extrapolating to provide insights on the current subject scenario. We have highlighted the areas with inadequate contemporary studies and presented some research gaps in the field.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.23.22281394v2" target="_blank">A Systematic Review on Medical Oxygen Ecosystem: Current State and Recent Advancements</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Effective screening strategies for safe opening of universities under Omicron and Delta variants of COVID-19</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
As new COVID-19 variants emerge, and disease and population characteristics change, screening strategies may also need to change. We develop a decision-making model that can assist a college to determine an optimal screening strategy based on their characteristics and resources, considering COVID-19 infections/hospitalizations/deaths; peak daily hospitalizations; and the tests required. We also use this tool to generate screening guidelines for the safe opening of college campuses. Our compartmental model simulates disease spread on a hypothetical college campus under co-circulating variants with different disease dynamics, considering: (i) the heterogeneity in disease transmission and outcomes for faculty/staff and students based on vaccination status and level of natural immunity; and (ii) variant- and dose-dependent vaccine efficacy. Using the Spring 2022 academic semester as a case study, we study routine screening strategies, and find that screening the faculty/staff less frequently than the students, and/or the boosted and vaccinated less frequently than the unvaccinated, may avert a higher number of infections per test, compared to universal screening of the entire population at a common frequency. We also discuss key policy issues, including the need to revisit the mitigation objective over time, effective strategies that are informed by booster coverage, and if and when screening alone can compensate for low booster coverage.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.04.22274667v2" target="_blank">Effective screening strategies for safe opening of universities under Omicron and Delta variants of COVID-19</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Novel inhibitors against COVID-19 main protease suppressed viral infection</strong> -
<div>
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent of COVID-19, can cause severe disease with high mortality rates, especially among older and vulnerable populations. Despite the recent success of vaccines and approval of first-generation anti-viral inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2, an expanded arsenal of anti-viral compounds that limit viral replication and ameliorate disease severity is still urgently needed in light of the continued emergence of viral variants of concern (VOC). The main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is the major non-structural protein required for the processing of viral polypeptides encoded by the open reading frame 1 (ORF1) and ultimately replication. Structural conservation of Mpro among SARS-CoV-2 variants make this protein an attractive target for the anti-viral inhibition by small molecules. Here, we developed a structure-based in-silico screening of approximately 11 million compounds in ZINC15 database inhibiting Mpro, which prioritized 9 lead compounds for the subsequent in vitro validation in SARS-CoV-2 replication assays using both Vero and Calu-3 cells. We validated three of these compounds significantly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in the micromolar range. In summary, our study identified novel small-molecules significantly suppressed infection and replication of SARS-CoV-2 in human cells.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.05.515305v1" target="_blank">Novel inhibitors against COVID-19 main protease suppressed viral infection</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Wildlife exposure to SARS-CoV-2 across a human use gradient</strong> -
<div>
The spillover of SARS-CoV-2 into humans has caused one of the most devastating pandemics in recorded history. Human-animal interactions have led to transmission events of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to wild and captive animals. However, many questions remain about how extensive SARS-CoV-2 exposure is in wildlife, the factors that influence wildlife transmission risk, and whether sylvatic cycles can generate novel variants with increased infectivity and virulence. We sampled 18 different wildlife species in the Eastern U.S. and detected widespread exposure to SARS-CoV-2 across wildlife species. Using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and whole genome sequencing, we conclusively detected SARS-CoV-2 in the Virginia opossum and had equivocal detections in six additional species. Species considered human commensals like squirrels, and raccoons had high seroprevalence, ranging between 62%-71%, and sites with high human use had three times higher seroprevalence than low human-use areas. SARS-CoV-2 genomic data from an infected opossum and molecular modeling exposed previously uncharacterized changes to amino acid residues observed in the receptor binding domain (RBD), which predicts improved binding between the spike protein and human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) compared to the dominant variant circulating at the time of isolation. These mutations were not identified in human samples at the time of collection. Overall, our results highlight widespread exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife and suggest that areas with high human activity may serve as important points of contact for cross-species transmission. Furthermore, this work highlights the potential role of wildlife in fueling de novo mutations that may eventually appear in humans.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.04.515237v1" target="_blank">Wildlife exposure to SARS-CoV-2 across a human use gradient</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Pharmacological modulators of epithelial immunity uncovered by synthetic genetic tracing of SARS-CoV-2 infection responses</strong> -
<div>
Epithelial immune responses govern tissue homeostasis and offer drug targets against maladaptation. Here, we report a framework to generate drug discovery-ready reporters of cellular responses to viral infection. We reverse engineered epithelial cell responses to SARS- CoV-2, the viral agent fueling the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and designed synthetic transcriptional reporters whose molecular logic comprises interferon-a/b/g-, and NF-kB pathways. Such regulatory potential reflected single-cell data from experimental models to severe COVID-19 patient epithelial cells infected by SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2, type-I interferons, and RIG-I drive reporter activation. Live-cell-image-based phenotypic drug screens identified JAK inhibitors and DNA damage inducers as antagonistic modulators of epithelial cell response to interferons, RIG-I stimulation, and SARS-CoV-2. Synergistic or antagonistic modulation of the reporter by drugs underscored their similar mechanism of action. Thus, this study describes a tool for dissecting antiviral responses to infection and sterile cues, and a rapid approach to other emerging viruses of public health concern in order to discover rational drug combinations.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.05.515197v1" target="_blank">Pharmacological modulators of epithelial immunity uncovered by synthetic genetic tracing of SARS-CoV-2 infection responses</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The Impact of COVID-19 on Families’ Home Literacy Practices with Young Children</strong> -
<div>
The practice of shared book reading is a nurturing support for early language, literacy and socio-emotional development within young children’s typical care. However, the closures of childcare, early education programs, and centers for family activities in the Spring of 2020 due to COVID-19 brought many sudden changes to the everyday lives of families with young children. In order to explore the impact of COVID-19 on shared reading, we surveyed parents of children between ages 2 and 5 (n = 85) about their children’s frequency of shared reading engagement in February and October, 2020 as well as the frequency of screen-mediated reading, the number of readers their children read with, and book preferences at both time points. Parents were also asked about changes in their children’s regular care and whether and how they had tried new kinds of (virtual) literacy activities during their increased time at home. Findings showed that there were no significant changes in frequency of shared reading from February to October, but there was a significant increase in frequency of screen-mediated reading, especially among families who lost outside-the-home childcare. There was also a significant decrease in the number of adults regularly reading with the children. Caregivers described adapting to virtual options for storytime. Ultimately, while families were still able to provide consistent amounts of shared reading with their children throughout COVID-19, the nature of that shared reading was changed. Future research will investigate whether these changes may have an impact on children’s typical learning from shared reading.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/dvcqm/" target="_blank">The Impact of COVID-19 on Families’ Home Literacy Practices with Young Children</a>
</div></li>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Bivalent Booster Megastudy</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: COVID Booster text messages<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University of Pennsylvania<br/><b>Enrolling by invitation</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Using a Community-level Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention to Address COVID-19 Testing Disparities</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: Multi-Level Multi-Component Intervention (MLI);   Behavioral: Community Just-In-Time Adaptive Intervention (Community JITAI)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston;   National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Efficacy of Medications COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Severe Covid-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Oral bedtime melatonin<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Hospital San Carlos, Madrid<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Use of Multiple Doses of Convalescent Plasma in Mechanically Intubated Patients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: Multiple doses of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Convalescent Plasma<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Hospital Regional Dr. Rafael Estévez;   Complejo Hospitalario Dr. Arnulfo Arias Madrid;   Hospital Santo Tomas;   Hospital Punta Pacífica, Pacífica Salud;   Insituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios para la Salud;   Sociedad Panameña de Hematología;   Institute of Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT AIP);   University of Panama;   Sistema Nacional de Investigación de Panamá<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Examining How a Facilitated Self-Sampling Intervention and Testing Navigation Intervention Influences COVID-19 Testing</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: Facilitated Self-Sampling Intervention (FSSI);   Behavioral: Testing Navigation Intervention (TNI).;   Behavioral: Control<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston;   National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Phase III of COVID-19 Vaccine EuCorVac-19 in Healthy Adults Aged 18 Years and Older</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: EuCorVac-19;   Biological: ChAdOx1<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   EuBiologics Co.,Ltd<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Open Multicenter Study for Assessment of Efficacy and Safety of Molnupiravir in Adult Patients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Molnupiravir (Esperavir);   Drug: Standard of care<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Promomed, LLC<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Open Multicentre Study of the Safety and Efficacy Against COVID-19 of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir in the Adult Population</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: nirmatrelvir/ritonavir;   Drug: Standard of care<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Promomed, LLC;   Sponsor GmbH<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study Evaluating GS-5245 in Participants With COVID-19 Who Have a High Risk of Developing Serious or Severe Illness</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: GS-5245;   Drug: GS-5245 Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Gilead Sciences<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effects of Respiratory Muscle Training in Individuals With Long-term Post-COVID-19 Symptoms</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Covid19;   Post-acute COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Other: Inspiratory + expiratory muscle training group;   Other: Inspiratory + expiratory muscle training sham group;   Other: Exercise training program<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Universidad Complutense de Madrid;   Colegio Profesional de Fisioterapeutas de la Comunidad de Madrid<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Recombinant COVID-19 Vaccine (CHO Cell, NVSI-06-09) Phase III Clinical Trial</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Coronavirus Infections<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: LIBP-Rec-Vaccine;   Biological: BIBP-Rec-Vaccine;   Biological: placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   National Vaccine and Serum Institute, China;   China National Biotec Group Company Limited;   Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd;   Beijing Institute of Biological Products Co Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of Combined Modified RNA Vaccine Candidates Against COVID-19 and Influenza</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Influenza, Human;   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: bivalent BNT162b2 (original/Omi BA.4/BA.5);   Biological: qIRV (22/23);   Biological: QIV<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   BioNTech SE;   Pfizer<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability, Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of ASC10 in Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   SARS CoV 2 Infection<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: ASC10;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Ascletis Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Nitric Oxide Nasal Spray (NONS) To Treat and Prevent the Exacerbation of Infection in Individuals With Mild COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   SARS-CoV-2 Infection<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Nitric Oxide<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Sanotize Research and Development corp.;   Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd. India<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Phase I/II Study of GLB-COV2-043 as a COVID-19 Vaccine Booster</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: GLB-COV2-043;   Drug: BNT162b2/COMIRNATY®<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   GreenLight Biosciences, Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Advances And Challenges In Using Nirmatrelvir And Its Derivatives Against Sars-Cov-2 Infection</strong> - On 22 December 2021, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first M^(pro) inhibitor, i.e., oral antiviral nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332)/ritonavir (Paxlovid), for the treatment of early severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Nirmatrelvir inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection, but high doses or long-term treatment may cause embryonic developmental toxicity and changes in host gene expression. The chiral structure of nirmatrelvir plays a key role in…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Protocol for characterizing the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection by a protein of interest in cultured cells</strong> - Here, we present a protocol to characterize the antiviral ability of a protein of interest to SARS-CoV-2 infection in cultured cells, using MUC1 as an example. We use SARS-CoV-2 ΔN trVLP system, which utilizes transcription and replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles lacking nucleocapsid gene. We describe the optimized procedure to analyze protein interference of viral attachment and entry into cells, and qRT-PCR-based quantification of viral infection. The protocol can be applied…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Current insights and molecular docking studies of the drugs under clinical trial as rdrp inhibitors in COVID-19 treatment</strong> - CONCLUSION: The drug repurposing approach provides a new avenue in COVID-19 treatment.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Insight into the role of clathrin-mediated endocytosis inhibitors in SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> - Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants warrants sustainable efforts to upgrade both the diagnostic and therapeutic protocols. Understanding the details of cellular and molecular basis of the virus-host cell interaction is essential for developing variant-independent therapeutic options. The internalization of SARS-CoV-2, into lung epithelial cells, is mediated by endocytosis, especially clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Although vaccination is the gold standard strategy against viral infection,…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A randomized clinical trial of lipid metabolism modulation with fenofibrate for acute coronavirus disease 2019</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cytotoxicity may involve inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha. Fenofibrate activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro. Whether fenofibrate can be used to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in humans remains unknown. Here, we randomly assigned inpatients and outpatients with COVID-19 within 14 d of symptom onset to 145 mg of oral…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 public health and social measures: a comprehensive picture of six Asian countries</strong> - The COVID-19 pandemic will not be the last of its kind. As the world charts a way towards an equitable and resilient recovery, Public Health and Social Measures (PHSMs) that were implemented since the beginning of the pandemic need to be made a permanent feature of health systems that can be activated and readily deployed to tackle sudden surges in infections going forward. Although PHSMs aim to blunt the spread of the virus, and in turn protect lives and preserve health system capacity, there…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Use of a Bacterial Artificial Chromosome to Generate Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Expressing Robust Levels of Reporter Genes</strong> - Reporter-expressing recombinant virus represents an excellent option and a powerful tool to investigate, among others, viral infection, pathogenicity, and transmission, as well as to identify therapeutic compounds that inhibit viral infection and prophylactic vaccines. To combat the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we have established a robust bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-based reverse genetics (RG) system to rapidly generate recombinant severe acute respiratory…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Geneticin shows selective antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 by interfering with programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 is currently causing an unprecedented pandemic. While vaccines are massively deployed, we still lack effective large-scale antiviral therapies. In the quest for antivirals targeting conserved structures, we focused on molecules able to bind viral RNA secondary structures. Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics known to interact with the ribosomal RNA of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and have previously been shown to exert antiviral activities by interacting with viral RNA. Here…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>New thiophene-derived <em>α</em>-aminophosphonic acids: Synthesis under microwave irradiations, antioxidant and antifungal activities, DFT investigations and SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibition</strong> - Four new α-aminophosphonic acids containing thiophene ring have been synthesized using simple, neat and catalyst-free conditions, more convenient and eco-friendly method under microwave irradiations. The structures of the title molecules have been confirmed by UV-Vis, FT-IR, ¹H NMR, ^(13)C NMR and ^(31)P NMR. Moreover, their antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH, ABTS and phenantroline methods; the obtained results indicate that the title molecules exhibit excellent activity better than…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Antifungal activity of Taurolidine against Mucorales: An in vitro study on clinical isolates</strong> - CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this is an updated experience of using taurolidine against Mucorales. However, our in-vitro findings need to be confirmed in well-designed clinical trials aimed at treating invasive Mucormycosis infections.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Dual-targeting cyclic peptides of receptor-binding domain (RBD) and main protease (Mpro) as potential drug leads for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> - The receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the main protease (Mpro) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) play a crucial role in the entry and replication of viral particles, and co-targeting both of them could be an attractive approach for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection by setting up a “double lock” in the viral lifecycle. However, few dual RBD/Mpro-targeting agents have been reported. Here, four novel RBD/Mpro dual-targeting peptides, termed as MRs 1-4, were…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Polyphenolic promiscuity, inflammation-coupled selectivity: Whether PAINs filters mask an antiviral asset</strong> - The Covid-19 pandemic has elicited much laboratory and clinical research attention on vaccines, mAbs, and certain small-molecule antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 infection. By contrast, there has been comparatively little attention on plant-derived compounds, especially those that are understood to be safely ingested at common doses and are frequently consumed in the diet in herbs, spices, fruits and vegetables. Examining plant secondary metabolites, we review recent elucidations into the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Benchmarked molecular docking integrated molecular dynamics stability analysis for prediction of SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease inhibition by olive secoiridoids</strong> - CONCLUSION: AutoDock Vina retrieved the active molecules accurately and predicted Demethyloleuropein aglycone as the best inhibitor of PLpro. The Arabian diet consisting of olive products rich in secoiridoids benefits from the PLpro inhibition property and reduces the risk of viral infection.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Antimicrobial activity effects of electrolytically generated hypochlorous acid-treated pathogenic microorganisms by isothermal kinetic simulation</strong> - This study involves isothermal kinetic simulation to evaluate the parameters of inhibition conditions for Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) of high-risk pathogens. This is because the new type of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is continuously spreading and the importance of public health issues. Environmental disinfection and personal wearing of masks have become important epidemic prevention measures. Selection of concentration kinetics could be estimated…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Vimentin is an important ACE2 co-receptor for SARS-CoV-2 in epithelial cells</strong> - Vimentin is a type III intermediate filament protein, widely expressed in mesenchymal cells. Mainly located in the cytoplasm, vimentin can also appear at extracellular locations, where it may interact with bacterial or viral pathogens. In this study, we aimed at investigating the implication of vimentin in SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and the consequences on viral replication and cellular response. We showed that upon infection, vimentin was upregulated at the cell surface, where it interacts with…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Affirmative Action and the Supreme Court’s Troubled Treatment of Asian Americans</strong> - Students for Fair Admissions is one of only a few Supreme Court cases about the rights of Asian Americans. But what will it achieve on their behalf? - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/affirmative-action-and-the-supreme-courts-troubled-treatment-of-asian-americans">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Chuck Schumer’s Final Call</strong> - The Senate Majority Leader navigated one of the most sweeping legislative sessions in memory—why haven’t voters seemed to notice? - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-political-scene/chuck-schumers-final-call">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Why Republican Insiders Think the G.O.P. Is Poised for a Blowout</strong> - The consensus among pollsters and consultants is this Tuesday’s election will be a “bloodbath” for the Democratic Party. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-political-scene/why-republican-insiders-think-the-gop-is-poised-for-a-blowout">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Will Election Deniers Again Try to Access Voting Systems?</strong> - There’s no evidence that votes have been tampered with, but a case in Georgia suggests a particular potential vulnerability. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/will-election-deniers-again-try-to-access-voting-systems">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Five Potential Takeaways of the 2022 Midterm Elections</strong> - At stake in Tuesday’s vote is not just the balance of power in Congress but the shape of American politics to come. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-political-scene/five-potential-takeaways-of-the-2022-midterm-elections">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>How Kari Lake became a MAGA star, and possibly Arizona’s next governor</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Lake, in a gray wrap dress, her dark blonde hair cut short, smiles as she strides forward purposefully into the spotlight, a giant Arizona state flag hanging behind her." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/0OojvFmHsst_HOREi9PjvfU844c=/598x0:5378x3585/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71599938/GettyImages_1244573001.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Arizona gubernatorial candidate Kari Lake rallies supporters at one of her final campaign stops in Queen Creek, Arizona, on November 6, 2022. | Jon Cherry/Bloomberg/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A Lake expert tells Vox everything about her rise and what to expect after Election Day.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nv4DBt">
Kari Lake — a former news anchor and current GOP gubernatorial candidate in Arizona — <a href="https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/polls/governor/2022/arizona/">spent the year rising in the polls</a> and is now virtually tied with her Democratic opponent, Arizona Secretary of State Katie Hobbs.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EAbINQ">
Lake, a political neophyte, quickly drew national attention for her combative style, anti-media rhetoric, and her devotion to former President Donald Trump’s false claim that he won the 2020 election. Those qualities have earned her numerous <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/10/16/kari-lake-arizona-election-governor/">profiles</a> in <a href="https://www.phoenixmag.com/2022/07/07/the-mysteries-of-kari-lake/">local</a> and <a href="https://time.com/6225004/kari-lake-arizona-maga-right-interview/">national publications</a>, and the <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2022/10/23/lake-running-mate-rumors-00063042">attention of Republican leaders</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="A85Rwt">
<a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2022/08/04/trump-endorsed-kari-lake-wins-gop-nod-for-arizona-governor-00050016">Trump has praised and endorsed her</a>. Current Republican <a href="https://ktar.com/story/5185162/gov-doug-ducey-endorses-republican-gubernatorial-candidate-kari-lake/">Arizona Gov. Doug Ducey</a>, who campaigned against her in the primary, is now backing her. <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2022/10/20/kari-lake-could-be-tormenting-democrats-for-years-00062741">National Review editor-in-chief Rich Lowry</a> called her “the next Republican star.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OSr73K">
“It’s not crazy to think she’d be on a Trump VP list,” Tim Miller, an anti-Trump GOP strategist told <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2022/10/kari-lake-arizona-governor-trump-2022-election/671679/">the Atlantic</a>, in what’s become a common refrain.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="73ToTG">
Lake could well win her race on Tuesday. To learn more about her, <a href="https://www.vox.com/today-explained"><em>Today Explained</em>’s Noel King</a> spoke with a Kari Lake expert: the Arizona Republic’s Stacey Barchenger, a state politics reporter who told King, “My life is covering the gubernatorial race.”
</p>
<div id="v8yeAA">
</div>
<h4 id="zt8lNU">
Noel King
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4ViA3K">
Tell me about Kari Lake.
</p>
<h4 id="BrAI2h">
Stacey Barchenger
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Tq9Ter">
Kari Lake is 53 years old. She is a mother of two, known here in Arizona for her career, for 22 years as a television news anchor here in Phoenix on Fox 10.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YRV7yI">
Then, in March 2021, she published a video saying that she didn’t believe in the journalism that she was doing anymore, that it wasn’t accurately capturing Arizonans. And she publicly resigned her position.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Nemavx">
Three months later announces she’s running for governor of Arizona. She gets former President Donald Trump’s endorsement. It is undeniable that the two of them have a sort of special charisma. He speaks about her in very laudatory language. Along the campaign trail she has sort of had this say-anything style that I think really a lot of people identify as something that Trump sort of championed.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SBxdg5">
One of the things that makes Kari Lake so unique is she has turned on her former profession and done it frankly very well in a way that really speaks to voters. It’s just one of the things that makes her such a fascinating candidate, frankly.
</p>
<h4 id="dKLMMr">
Noel King
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4L6Z9I">
Another thing that makes her fascinating is the fact that Kari Lake was a registered Democrat once upon a time. She has said in the past she voted for Barack Obama’s presidency because of his promise to end the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. And then something obviously changed.
</p>
<h4 id="VNJYJp">
Stacey Barchenger
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ssgYMo">
There is a perception out there that she has become conservative just in the campaign. I actually don’t think that’s true. If you look at her final few years at Fox 10, she was making some comments that generated headlines themselves. There was a big push in Arizona for public school funding. And she made a claim that it was actually like this covert operation to legalize marijuana, which it was not.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mXcYbw">
Kari Lake is probably [now] most widely known for her stance on the 2020 election. She has said she believed that Trump won Arizona, although he didn’t.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Wno1cx">
She continues to make claims that election procedures here in Arizona were not followed, that ballots were received late or raising concerns about chain of custody problems that have all been debunked. Beyond elections, she has made some claims that have really turned some people off.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Z6PT07">
She was at an event where she sort of made light on the <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/10/28/23428394/pelosi-attack-husband-paul-nancy">attack on Paul Pelosi</a>. That was well-received by the crowd that she was in front of, but certainly has generated some controversy since then about just making light of a terrible attack.
</p>
<h4 id="KFtNhq">
Noel King
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Krvi7r">
This is how she gets a reputation of being the candidate who will say anything. And this has really made her distinctive, even in 2022 when it seems like anyone will say anything.
</p>
<h4 id="wRiTlt">
Stacey Barchenger
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MKmLHH">
In August, she was at a rally here with Florida <a href="https://www.vox.com/podcasts/23428681/voter-fraud-arrests-florida-elections-desantis">Gov. Ron DeSantis</a>. And both of them are certainly considered rising stars in Republican politics with potential future aspirations. But there was this moment where Kari was talking about his sort of style and she referenced this phrase, [saying, “I’ll tell you what he’s got. I don’t know if you’ve heard of this but he’s got BDE. Anybody know what that means?”]
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nQLgju">
It really is certainly not something I’ve ever heard said by a politician. And I mean, she hasn’t said it since. So how it played, I think, that’s telling.
</p>
<h4 id="OKm07K">
Noel King
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="M5W973">
Where is Kari Lake on the issues that people in Arizona really care about?
</p>
<h4 id="mqZjRG">
Stacey Barchenger
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kOTjb4">
When it comes to the economy, she has a plan to work with the legislature to prevent municipalities from charging grocery and rent taxes.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wec3R1">
She is making border security the forefront of her campaign. Kari has said that she will secure the border. And in September, she was at an event talking about border cartels that traffic people and drugs and what she’s going to do. And just directly quoted Donald Trump’s controversial words. [“They are bringing drugs. They are bringing crime. And they are rapists. And that’s who’s coming across our border. That’s a fact.”]
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lssKI4">
[She was] really casting all migrants in this broad negative light. She wants to use an unproven and potentially problematic legal idea of declaring an invasion at the border, to use state law enforcement resources as deportation officers.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UHndRK">
The campaign is pitching this as the big idea that she is going to do to defend the state. Even if it means a lawsuit, it will at least test what else states can do as they portray the Biden administration just failing at the border.
</p>
<h4 id="yAMeKP">
Noel King
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zvVfMI">
What is she saying to voters about voting itself?
</p>
<h4 id="r4m9T5">
Stacey Barchenger
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aX6EQK">
So she frequently calls Joe Biden an illegitimate president.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iwPr9Y">
In terms of actual policy, she has joined a court case to end early mail-in voting here in Arizona, which is how the vast majority of people cast their ballots. She’s also filed a lawsuit to get rid of electronic vote tabulation machines, which would just slow down the process, be very challenging in terms of requiring a hand count of ballots.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="z5MOAD">
She has shifted a little bit how she talks about the 2020 election. Now she really frames it as citizens just trying to ask questions about election procedures, which is just a sharp contrast to her own claims just ahead of the primary that she had detected stealing going on. She has refused to provide any evidence of that and has largely let that go in the last three or four months.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xwObfR">
On abortion, she has supported a very restrictive law that’s on Arizona’s books that bans abortions in almost every circumstance unless a woman’s life is in jeopardy and levies prison time against any doctors that provide abortions outside of those circumstances. More recently, she’s also expressed an openness to another law that is on the books here in Arizona that bans abortions after 15 weeks.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sENoGo">
The latest way that she’s talking about this is she will follow the law, whatever it is. And we’re waiting for courts to decide which is the prevailing law that Arizonans should follow.
</p>
<h4 id="9PMW4y">
Noel King
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="70WQPX">
Have you interviewed Kari Lake?
</p>
<h4 id="5NhHsk">
Stacey Barchenger
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8mGLvx">
Yes. Once.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aUjiro">
She agreed to sit down with me once before the primary for about 20 minutes to talk about her border security plan. One of the unexpected things about interviewing Kari Lake is any time you talk to her or you interview her, you are also on camera.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8fMOl6">
Her husband is her cameraman. They have this full operation — multiple cameras, the big boom mic above your head — that’s listening to everything.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fLDeyC">
And the campaign will publish those videos.
</p>
<h4 id="VQxz2k">
Noel King
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Ehtvgm">
So you’ve gone from being a print reporter to a television reporter overnight.
</p>
<h4 id="1Hrtnh">
Stacey Barchenger
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YUQPGa">
Yeah, I really was not prepared for that. But here we are.
</p>
<h4 id="uYYhrP">
Noel King
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rbH0cI">
In 2020, the state went very narrowly for Joe Biden. Without asking you to prognosticate too much, do the polls show this race breaking red or breaking blue?
</p>
<h4 id="Sq0LQ3">
Stacey Barchenger
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fzTqkz">
It’s pretty tied. The latest poll I saw was a <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/10/31/upshot/senate-polls-az-ga-nv-pa-crosstabs.html">New York Times Siena College poll</a> that put it exactly even. Certainly, it appears that Kari Lake has some momentum over these last couple of weeks that she is gaining ground, which I think matches what we’ve seen for the Republican momentum generally this cycle. But it’s a pretty even race.
</p>
<h4 id="x9i5pM">
Noel King
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UYb22j">
Will Kari Lake concede if she loses? What has she said?
</p>
<h4 id="OgaHNM">
Stacey Barchenger
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cmc5Yo">
She went on CNN a couple of weeks ago and was asked multiple times if she would concede if she loses. She refused to say that she would do so.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZO6YEM">
More recently than that, in another interview, she said she would accept the results of the election, [but] neither of [her responses were] direct confirmations that, yes, she would concede if she loses. I think if you rewind and look back to the primary, about a week before that election, it was another very, very close race. And we heard Kari Lake claim stealing was going on without evidence. She has not provided any.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Tg7B46">
Perhaps those claims from the primary are a signal of what’s to come.
</p>
<h4 id="qbSxBb">
Noel King
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="g4fXos">
What I hear you saying is Arizona has a remarkably charismatic candidate who knows how to talk to voters, who knows how to use the press, who knows how to get the attention of Donald Trump. If she loses, it doesn’t sound like we’ve necessarily seen or heard the last of Kari Lake.
</p>
<h4 id="6FU3Jk">
Stacey Barchenger
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ix1LUj">
You’re totally right. She’s been floated as a potential vice presidential pick for Donald Trump. He was asked about this and said, let her be governor first.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="e5f8XN">
I think it’s certain that Kari Lake is going to be a prominent figure, whether it’s in politics or the media going forward, even after this election here in Arizona.
</p></li>
<li><strong>Twitter’s case study of how not to lay people off</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Photo of a man walking out of Twitter headquarters." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/CrEuCEThwpf7HygNYw6Y4mrAZaY=/195x0:3306x2333/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71599838/1437369097.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
There’s a right and a wrong way to lay people off. Twitter was wrong. | Leonardo Munoz/VIEWpress
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Elon Musk’s layoffs at Twitter were a disaster. Silicon Valley, take note.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Jy9HpP">
Layoffs are coming to Silicon Valley, and tech companies better get better at them if they want to keep from making a bad situation worse.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9GH1ZP">
Last week, <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/23440075/elon-musk-twitter-layoffs-checkmark-verification">Twitter</a> laid off half its workforce. Stripe laid off 14 percent. Now, Meta is <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/meta-is-preparing-to-notify-employees-of-large-scale-layoffs-this-week-11667767794">reportedly preparing to lay off thousands of workers</a> — the first major headcount reductions in the company’s nearly 20 years of existence. There soon could be first-time layoffs at other tech companies as they deal with <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2022/9/28/23375164/advertising-slow-growth-economy-digital-facebook-apple-snap-peter-kafka-column">slumping ad sales</a> and other economy-wide headwinds, like inflation and rising interest rates. How they conduct those layoffs, however, won’t just affect their financial performance now, but could have long-reaching effects on the success of these companies.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OA1RqH">
In any case, it’s better to be a Stripe, which received praise for conducting compassionate layoffs, than a Twitter, which decidedly did not.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Jbjrug">
<a href="https://www.conference-board.org/topics/natural-disasters-pandemics/conducting-compassionate-layoffs">Compassionate layoffs</a>, experts say, are ones that are as small as possible and done only as a last resort. They’re communicated clearly and conducted with respect. They are mindful, too, of the feelings and workloads of those left behind.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pleDJG">
In other words, they are exactly the opposite of what Elon Musk did at Twitter last week.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sGsP6O">
Layoffs at Twitter began in the middle of the night, after a week of fear, uncertainty, and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-twitter-staff-layoffs-long-hours-shifts-work-jobs-2022-11">crazy-long hours</a>. Many of the roughly 3,700 people who were let go didn’t find out through Musk or even a manager. Rather, they learned of their firing when they couldn’t log into their company email.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AgHcxb">
Ideally, layoffs are conducted individually and in person, according to Liz Petersen, a manager in the knowledge center at the Society for Human Resources Management. If that’s not possible, the next-best option would be video, followed by a phone call. Email is the “lowest-level option.” Obviously, individual meetings are harder to do when you’re laying off half the company.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KqOiac">
Even those who made the cut at Twitter were mired in fear and confusion. In lieu of communication from management, <a href="https://www.platformer.news/p/twitter-cut-in-half">employees pinged colleagues on Slack</a> to see who’d respond, adding their names to a Google Doc. Some employees who remained at the company have told reporters they <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/infinite-scroll/a-twitter-employees-account-of-surviving-layoff-day">wished they’d been fired</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YJ386C">
Workers are already suing Twitter for violating labor law by not giving them enough notice, though it looks as though the company is <a href="https://www.platformer.news/p/twitter-cut-in-half">paying them</a> for a two-month non-working period to avoid the lawsuit. Advertisers, concerned that the company has gutted several important content moderation roles, have <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/general-mills-audi-and-pfizer-join-growing-list-of-companies-pausing-twitter-ads-11667507765">paused their spending</a>, which in total makes up 90 percent of Twitter revenue.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Pjr8sg">
“There is a kind and respectful way to let an employee go, and I feel like this last round was neither of those things,” Brooks E. Scott, executive coach and CEO of <a href="https://www.mergingpath.com/">Merging Path</a>, told Recode. “You’ve got some employees that had been there for years. Don’t you at least owe them a phone call or zoom or something?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zPrIa4">
He added, “People remember those things about a company’s culture.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kioE6j">
It was certainly a far cry from the layoffs last week at Stripe.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mAjlaM">
There, the CEO wrote a <a href="https://stripe.com/newsroom/news/ceo-patrick-collisons-email-to-stripe-employees">company-wide letter</a>, explaining why they were laying off 14 percent of the company, and reached out individually to affected employees after. CEO Patrick Collison blamed the wider economic environment, but also himself for over-hiring and growing operating costs too quickly. He expressed what seemed like genuine sadness at losing employees, and said they’d set up an alumni email account for them so that they could stay in the loop with the company. Importantly, he communicated how the company would take care of outgoing employees (14 weeks severance certainly helped soften the blow).
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OhnSsd">
The situation at Twitter might be an anomaly since it includes wild-card Musk, but his decisions have cascading effects for his company nonetheless.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vj0min">
If you have to lay people off, it’s best to do so as compassionately as possible, according to Robin Erickson, vice president of human capital at Conference Board, who studies how companies behave in crisis. But it’s better not to lay anyone off at all. She says that savings from layoffs are often shortsighted and rarely help a company’s financial performance beyond a quarter or two. They also result in a number of negative outcomes like loss of institutional memory, productivity, and morale. Layoffs can also lead to <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2022/10/20/23413380/burnout-remote-work-economy-quits-slack-future-forum">burnout</a>, as remaining employees pick up the slack, which in turn will cause more people to leave. Twitter workers have already reported <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/anonymous-twitter-employee-elon-musk-twitter-culture-war-2022-11">insane workloads</a> to make up for all the layoffs and to contend with new Musk projects.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qPerni">
Importantly, layoffs — especially ones that are poorly done — harm a company’s future hiring prospects.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7jURzs">
“Why would anyone want to go work at a place where they’ve just treated people poorly?” Erickson said. “Those organizations that laid off employees will have a harder time rebounding as they try to hire employees.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Y16P6E">
Twitter is likely to run into this problem right away. The layoffs were so poorly thought through that the company is already reaching out to dozens of former employees to <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-11-06/twitter-now-asks-some-fired-workers-to-please-come-back">hire them back</a>. That may be a tough sell since those employees still have options.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xrwAxs">
The unemployment rate for tech jobs is at a notably low 2.2 percent, according to <a href="https://www.comptia.org/newsroom/press-releases/employer-tech-job-postings-increase-for-the-month-comptia-analysis-finds">CompTIA’s latest analysis</a> of Bureau of Labor Statistics data, and the sector continues to grow. Outside the tech sector, the hiring market remains strong as well: Employers added an <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/11/04/business/jobs-report-october-economy">unexpectedly high</a> 260,000 jobs last month. Experts are dubbing the economic downturn a “jobful recession,” as it hasn’t yet seemed to affect jobs.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0Hz115">
While layoffs are certainly happening, they’re not yet making a big dent in what’s otherwise a healthy job market.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3wMkMK">
In many cases, employers are loath to fire people since it was so hard to hire them in the first place. Companies that conducted mass layoffs early in the pandemic were <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/10/6/23388247/layoffs-recession-labor-market">handicapped</a> as the economy came back online. Twitter’s high-profile firings and unstable situation aren’t going to make it an attractive place for employees to want to join.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zZdmdA">
Silicon Valley companies won’t always be dealing with an economic downturn, but how they behave now will affect their ability to grow when the economy is better.
</p></li>
<li><strong>The high stakes in a Supreme Court case about American Indian children</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/eBbnmxajU0V69KOLpRd65dIvhi8=/189x0:3656x2600/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71599790/GettyImages_1244572997a.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
A Native American woman kisses her daughter, a foster child, in Arizona on November 2. | Joshua Lott/Washington Post via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Brackeen v. Haaland attacks a 44-year-old law enacted to halt cultural genocide.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eRAh5M">
For much of its history, the United States pursued a kind of cultural genocide against American Indians. American Indian children were often rounded up and sent to boarding schools, where Native children were <a href="https://www.vox.com/identities/2020/2/20/21131387/indian-child-welfare-act-court-case-foster-care">forced to abandon their language and customs</a> and to learn to behave like white Americans. Often, the architects of this policy were quite explicit about their goals — as the founder of one of these boarding schools said in 1892, “all the Indian there is in the race should be dead. <a href="https://www.ou.edu/gaylord/exiled-to-indian-country/content/remembering-the-stories-of-indian-boarding-schools#:~:text=%E2%80%9CIn%20a%20sense%2C%20I%20agree,in%20Oklahoma%20territory%2C%20Gerencser%20said.">Kill the Indian in him, and save the man</a>.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8VGGDR">
Some of these boarding schools continued to operate well into the 20th century. There are <a href="https://www.npr.org/2008/05/12/16516865/american-indian-boarding-schools-haunt-many">people alive today</a> <a href="https://sct.narf.org/documents/haaland_v_brackeen/amicus_bradshaw.pdf">who attended them</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EkUNfs">
In response to this history, and 20th-century policies by state governments that also separated American Indian children from their culture, Congress enacted the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) in 1978. Among other things, this law provides that, if a state court determines that a child who is either “<a href="https://www.vox.com/22956346/supreme-court-commerce-clause-native-american-indian-child-welfare-act-haaland-brackeen-texas">a member of an Indian tribe</a>” or “is eligible for membership in an Indian tribe and is the biological child of a member of an Indian tribe” must be removed from their home, then the child should be placed with an American Indian family — and, if possible, a member of the child’s extended family or, at least, their own tribe.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1667857872.326679">
(Federal law uses the term “Indian” to refer to Indigenous nations and their citizens, and this term has a distinct meaning that is different than the definition of the term “Native American.” This piece includes quotes and legal references that also use the former terminology.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aAsW8b">
Nearly half a century after the ICWA became law, the Supreme Court is now hearing four cases, all consolidated under the name <a href="https://www.scotusblog.com/case-files/cases/haaland-v-brackeen/"><em>Haaland v. Brackeen</em></a>, which claims that this anti-genocidal law is unconstitutional. The law is being challenged by <a href="https://www.vox.com/identities/2020/2/20/21131387/indian-child-welfare-act-court-case-foster-care">non-Indian families who wish to adopt American Indian children</a>, along with the <a href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/21/21-376/226353/20220526144044056_Haaland%20v.%20Brackeen%20-%20Opening%20Br.%20for%20Texas.pdf">state of Texas</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WuAiF9">
The plaintiffs’ arguments are aggressive. They allege that the ICWA <a href="http://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/21/21-376/226353/20220526144044056_Haaland%20v.%20Brackeen%20-%20Opening%20Br.%20for%20Texas.pdf">violates the Constitution in at least four different ways</a> — and that somehow these violations went unnoticed for the law’s first four decades of existence. Indeed, the <em>Brackeen</em> plaintiffs make one argument so aggressive that it could potentially <a href="https://www.vox.com/22956346/supreme-court-commerce-clause-native-american-indian-child-welfare-act-haaland-brackeen-texas">invalidate much of the last century of federal law</a> — including landmark statutes such as the Affordable Care Act, the ban on whites-only lunch counters, and the federal ban on child labor. And, while their other arguments do not go that far, most of these plaintiffs’ arguments call for a wholesale rethinking of the United States’ relationship with Indigenous nations and their people.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hbhcJk">
That said, it is far from clear that even this Supreme Court will sign on to this attempt to repeal a longstanding federal law. Although a federal trial court <a href="https://turtletalk.files.wordpress.com/2018/10/166_order.pdf">struck down huge swaths of the ICWA</a>, that opinion was authored by Judge Reed O’Connor, a notoriously partisan judge best known for his failed efforts to <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/6/17/22538462/supreme-court-obamacare-california-texas-stephen-breyer-standing-individual-mandate-constitution">repeal the entire Affordable Care Act</a> and to <a href="https://www.vox.com/22996799/supreme-court-biden-navy-seal-vaccine-austin-covid">insert himself into the top of the military’s chain of command</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="m51xGO">
Even the archconservative Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals believed that O’Connor went too far, and a majority of its judges <a href="https://casetext.com/case/brackeen-v-haaland">voted to reinstate several key provisions of the ICWA</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eYd5NS">
It’s also worth noting that Justice Neil Gorsuch, a Trump appointee who <a href="https://www.vox.com/22431044/neil-gorsuch-nihilism-supreme-court-voting-rights-lgbt-housing-obamacare-constitution">typically votes with the Court’s most reactionary members</a> in politically charged cases, <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/7/10/21318796/supreme-court-mcgirt-oklahoma-native-american-neil-gorsuch">tends to vote with the Court’s liberal minority</a> in cases involving federal Indian law. Assuming Gorsuch continues that pattern in <em>Brackeen</em>, that most likely means the plaintiffs need to hold on to all five of the Court’s other Republican appointees to prevail.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qlayW1">
It is possible, in other words, that at least five justices will vote to uphold the Indian Child Welfare Act in its entirety.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="r2exRL">
Nevertheless, the stakes in <em>Brackeen</em> are high. They speak to whether Congress is allowed to take steps to cure grave past injustices — a project this Court <a href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/12pdf/12-96_6k47.pdf">has been hostile toward in the past</a>.
</p>
<h3 id="5e2UPe">
The <em>Brackeen</em> plaintiffs’ most aggressive arguments are completely unhinged
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6eZEL7">
Since the very earliest days of the American republic, the Constitution has been understood to give Congress the broadest authority to set the United States’ policy toward American Indians, and to regulate its relationship with the tribes. As Secretary of War Henry Knox wrote to President George Washington in 1789, “the United States have, under the constitution, the sole regulation of Indian affairs, <a href="https://casetext.com/case/brackeen-v-haaland">in all matters whatsoever</a>.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="CYNLnw">
The Supreme Court, meanwhile, has repeatedly said that this power derives from the Constitution’s <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/commerce_clause">commerce clause</a>, which permits Congress “to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes” (although some decisions suggest that other provisions of the Constitution permit Congress to regulate Indian affairs as well). And it has emphasized that <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=1365955950303729331&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=6&amp;as_vis=1&amp;oi=scholarr">Congress’s power over Indian affairs is “plenary,”</a> or absolute.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IpIgjF">
That said, one oddity of the Supreme Court’s jurisprudence is that it has often read the scope of Congress’s power to “regulate commerce … with the Indian tribes” <a href="https://www.vox.com/22956346/supreme-court-commerce-clause-native-american-indian-child-welfare-act-haaland-brackeen-texas">more broadly than its power to “regulate commerce … among the several states.”</a>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xut3Qw">
The interstate commerce clause — the provision allowing congressional regulation of commerce among the states — is arguably the single most consequential provision of the Constitution because it gives Congress broad authority over domestic economic affairs. The interstate commerce clause is what permits federal lawmakers to <a href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/312/100/">enact a minimum wage</a>, to <a href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/301/1/">protect workers’ right to unionize</a>, and to <a href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/379/294/">prohibit discrimination by private businesses</a>, among many other things.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aGMVbK">
At least one of the <em>Brackeen</em> plaintiffs, the state of Texas, argues that the interstate and Indian commerce clauses should instead be read to “<a href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/21/21-378/191330/20210903110440624_Texas%20v%20Haaland_Petition%20for%20Writ.pdf">mean substantially the same thing</a>.” They then propose a definition of the word “commerce” so narrow that it would <a href="https://www.vox.com/22956346/supreme-court-commerce-clause-native-american-indian-child-welfare-act-haaland-brackeen-texas">erase much of the last 100 years of US law</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3azo6O">
In its now-discredited decision in <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=17101646802366258583&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=6&amp;as_vis=1&amp;oi=scholarr"><em>Hammer v. Dagenhart</em></a> (1918), the Supreme Court held that Congress was forbidden from banning child labor in the workplace, on the theory that the word “commerce” permits Congress to regulate the “transportation” and “sale” of persons and goods, but not the production of those same goods.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fRu1P5">
At least some parts of the <em>Brackeen</em> plaintiffs’ briefs appear to argue that <em>Hammer</em> was correctly decided. <a href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/21/21-376/226353/20220526144044056_Haaland%20v.%20Brackeen%20-%20Opening%20Br.%20for%20Texas.pdf">Texas’s brief</a>, for example, claims that the word “commerce” was “originally understood” to only encompass “buying, selling, and transporting goods.” Meanwhile, a <a href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/21/21-376/226399/20220526164234609_Haaland%20v.%20Brackeen%20--%20Opening%20Brief.pdf">second brief</a> filed on behalf of individual plaintiffs who “sought to foster or adopt children with Indian ancestry” makes a similar argument, claiming that “Congress’s Indian Commerce Clause power confers only authority to regulate trade with tribes.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3qlhwk">
This is, of course, the exact same definition of the word “commerce” that the Court embraced in its long-since-overruled decision in <em>Hammer</em>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yKLqH1">
It’s <a href="https://www.vox.com/22956346/supreme-court-commerce-clause-native-american-indian-child-welfare-act-haaland-brackeen-texas">impossible to exaggerate the sheer chaos</a> that would result if the Supreme Court reinstated the <em>Hammer</em> decision. Such a decision wouldn’t simply endanger the ICWA and federal child labor laws, it would abolish huge swaths of federal laws governing the workplace, prohibiting discrimination, and regulating entire industries such as health insurers. It would be as if the Supreme Court picked up the entire United States Code, and just started randomly crossing out huge swaths of it with a black marker.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="36wwxT">
That said, it is unlikely that the Court would go that far. Of the Court’s current members, <a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/3/29/22999755/supreme-court-clarence-thomas-voting-rights-democracy-elections-ginni">only Justice Clarence Thomas</a> has openly suggested that <em>Hammer </em>was correctly decided. Most of the justices appear to have made peace — <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/11-393#writing-11-393_DISSENT_5">albeit often an uneasy peace</a> — with the fact that Congress may enact economic regulation on a broad range of subjects.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="83RFPS">
But the sheer audacity of the <em>Brackeen</em> plaintiffs’ commerce clause arguments should give you a sense of just how little regard they pay to existing law.
</p>
<h3 id="qsCJQp">
The <em>Brackeen</em> plaintiffs attack one of the most foundational concepts underlying the United States’ relationship with tribes
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kIG9aO">
One of the fundaments underlying US relations with American Indian tribes is that those tribes are distinct nations — although the Court has, at times, described Indigenous nations as “<a href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/30/1/">domestic dependent nations</a>” or “<a href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/417/535/">quasi-sovereign tribal entities</a>” whose citizens are subject to far more US governmental control than, say, a citizen and resident of France.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="G8Oyhd">
Like any nation, tribes generally may decide who they wish to admit as citizens. Some tribes, for example, <a href="https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/columnists/story/2021-03-14/descendants-of-enslaved-black-people-have-right-to-indigenous-citi">extend citizenship to the descendants of Black people</a> who were enslaved by members of the tribe, even though these Black tribal citizens may not be blood descendants of the tribe’s Indigenous citizens.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MIFd4A">
Indeed, the reason why I’ve largely avoided using the term “Native Americans” to describe the class of people protected by the ICWA is because doing so could conflate the difference between a Native American racial identity and someone’s membership in an American Indian tribe. The ICWA does not apply to all people of Native descent. It applies only to children who are “<a href="https://www.vox.com/22956346/supreme-court-commerce-clause-native-american-indian-child-welfare-act-haaland-brackeen-texas">a member of an Indian tribe</a>” or who are “eligible for membership in an Indian tribe and [are] the biological child of a member of an Indian tribe.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0SwU1X">
Which brings us to the <em>Brackeen </em>plaintiffs’ next argument: that the ICWA is unconstitutional because it discriminates on the basis of race by treating Native children differently than non-Native children.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WQOLHb">
The problem with this argument is that the statute emphatically does no such thing. Again, it does not apply to all children of Native American descent. It applies to children who are either members of a tribe or who are eligible for tribal citizenship and have a parent who is a tribal citizen. Under the ICWA, a non-tribal citizen with four Native American grandparents is not governed by the law if their parents were not tribal citizens. Meanwhile, a Black child whose parents are two <a href="https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/columnists/story/2021-03-14/descendants-of-enslaved-black-people-have-right-to-indigenous-citi">Black citizens of the Cherokee Nation</a> would fall within the statute unless they were somehow ineligible for tribal citizenship themselves.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bqIANc">
As the Supreme Court held in <a href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/417/535/"><em>Morton v. Mancari</em></a> (1974), federal law may give special treatment to American Indians, so long as that treatment “is granted to Indians not as a discrete racial group, but, rather, as members of quasi-sovereign tribal entities.”
</p>
<h3 id="FZP8NL">
The <em>Brackeen</em> plaintiffs also want to rework the balance of power between the federal government and the states
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="913Pgb">
The <em>Brackeen</em> plaintiffs’ strongest legal argument rests on a legal doctrine known as “<a href="https://www.vox.com/2019/10/29/20936376/trump-supreme-court-tenth-amendment-deport-sanctuary">anti-commandeering</a>.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Q8YFbD">
Briefly, this doctrine provides that, if the federal government wants to implement a particular federal policy, it cannot order a state government to do so. For example, while the Trump administration could order federal law enforcement officers to crack down on immigrants, it <a href="https://www.vox.com/2019/10/29/20936376/trump-supreme-court-tenth-amendment-deport-sanctuary">could not order state and local police to do the same</a>. Similarly, while marijuana possession remains illegal under federal law, states where marijuana is legal are under no obligation to enforce this law. If the feds want to arrest someone for smoking a joint in one of these states, they need to send a federal agent to make the arrest.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uCS2A2">
The <em>Brackeen</em> plaintiffs argue that the ICWA violates this anti-commandeering doctrine by dragooning state officials and state courts into the enforcement of a federal policy. As Texas <a href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/21/21-376/226353/20220526144044056_Haaland%20v.%20Brackeen%20-%20Opening%20Br.%20for%20Texas.pdf">argues in its brief</a>, the ICWA effectively forces state officials to “provide notices, keep records, locate and retain expert witnesses, and track down Indian families” in order to comply with federal rules governing child placement disputes involving American Indian children.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="i89WUF">
But there are a number of problems with this argument. The first is that, to the extent the ICWA requires state family court judges to rule in certain ways, the Constitution explicitly permits Congress to impose these kinds of obligations on state judges. Article VI of the Constitution states that federal laws “<a href="https://constitution.congress.gov/constitution/article-6/">shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby</a>.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vE88qe">
The Court, moreover, placed some important limits on the anti-commandeering doctrine in <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/98-1464.ZO.html"><em>Reno v. Condon</em></a> (2000), which held that this doctrine is not triggered if a law merely requires state officials to “take administrative and sometimes legislative action to comply with federal standards.” Under <em>Reno</em>, the doctrine only has force when the federal government requires “the States in their sovereign capacity to regulate their own citizens.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="J5ViNr">
Think of it this way: the federal government can’t order a state police officer to arrest an individual for violating federal marijuana law, because that would amount to ordering a state to use its own resources to regulate the state’s own citizens. But, once a state has made the decision to arrest someone for violating a marijuana law, the federal government can regulate how<em> </em>that arrest goes down and how the criminal suspect is treated without running afoul of the anti-commandeering principle.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YnEbn8">
Similarly, the ICWA does not require any state government to remove any child from their home. It merely provides that, <em>if</em> the state decides to bring a custody proceeding involving an American Indian child, then this custody proceeding must comply with the rules laid out in federal law. That’s the very sort of federal law which <em>Reno</em> said was permissible.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3mRsfa">
All of which is a long way of saying that the plaintiffs’ legal arguments in <em>Brackeen</em> are quite aggressive, and they call for the Supreme Court to make several departures from longstanding law — at least some of which could have hugely disruptive consequences for millions of Americans and for countless federal laws.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IIBYZf">
This Supreme Court <a href="https://www.vox.com/23180634/supreme-court-rule-of-law-abortion-voting-rights-guns-epa">does not feel particularly bound by existing law</a>. And it has shown particular skepticism toward federal laws enacted to cure past injustices against marginalized groups — hence the Court’s declaration in <a href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/12pdf/12-96_6k47.pdf"><em>Shelby County v. Holder</em></a><em> </em>(2013) that much of the Voting Rights Act should be deactivated because “things have changed in the South” since the Act was originally enacted to eliminate Jim Crow restrictions on voting.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qJJ1t9">
That said, there are some reasons for proponents of the ICWA to remain optimistic. Thus far, the lower court judges who’ve attacked the ICWA have largely been drawn from the most reactionary voices on the federal bench. And a majority of the current Supreme Court <a href="https://www.vox.com/22996799/supreme-court-biden-navy-seal-vaccine-austin-covid">does sometimes run out of patience</a> for Judge Reed O’Connor’s especially partisan approach to interpreting federal law.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RRMimv">
But no one can be truly confident that any precedent is safe in this Supreme Court until a majority of the Court’s current members vote to uphold it. So we won’t know for sure whether the ICWA is itself safe until the Court rules in <em>Brackeen</em>.
</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>KKR elevates Foster to assistant coach</strong> - ten Doeschate takes his place as fielding coach</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>World Cup ambassador from Qatar denounces homosexuality</strong> - An ambassador for the World Cup in Qatar has described homosexuality as a “damage in the mind” in an interview with German public broadcaster ZDF only two weeks before the opening of the soccer tournament in the Gulf state</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Badminton | Lakshya Sen reaches career-best sixth in BWF rankings</strong> - French Open champions Satwiksairaj Rankireddy and Chirag Shetty also returned to their career best ranking of seven in men’s doubles</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Narender Berwal moves into +92kg semifinals</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Three-member committee to probe Danushka Gunathilaka incident</strong> - The probe panel comprises of Justice Sisira Ratnayake, Attorney Niroshana Perera and attorney Asela Rekawa.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>District Industrial Centres facing staff crunch in Andhra Pradesh, says FAPI president</strong> - ‘New entrepreneurs were forced to move from pillar to post to get guidance, licences and permissions’</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>CM unveils Global Investors’ Summit logo</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Central Tribal University of Andhra Pradesh Vice-Chancellor Kattimani invites President Droupadi Murmu for the first convocation</strong> - She responded positively and suggested me to focus on the improvement of education standards of the tribal youth, he says</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mananchira as main venue for arts fest: cultural activists see red</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>BJP will be ousted from power in Tripura in next polls for not fulfilling promises: Manik Sarkar</strong> - Assam CM Sarma claimed that the BJP Government in Tripura has done “more than what it promised in the poll manifesto”</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Italy allows migrant boat to dock but many remain stranded</strong> - A total of 89 people were allowed to disembark but hundreds more are waiting to come ashore.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: US confirms ‘communications’ with Kremlin</strong> - Jake Sullivan reportedly held talks with Kremlin aides to guard against nuclear escalation in Ukraine.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Putin allies who criticise Russia’s war machine</strong> - The top brass have been sharply criticised over the war by Ramzan Kadyrov and Yevgeny Prigozhin.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Why is control of Kherson so important?</strong> - Kherson, in southern Ukraine, is seen as a vital city for Ukraine to capture and for Russia to defend.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Channel crossings deal with France in final stages, says No 10</strong> - Rishi Sunak says there’s no “simple solution” to illegal migration, after meeting President Macron.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>US hospitals are so overloaded that one ER called 911 on itself</strong> - Patients are reporting crowded waiting rooms and hours-long wait times. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1895862">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>After 15 years of failed attempts, there will finally be a Gears of War movie</strong> - Netflix moves forward with a live-action film, animated series, and maybe more. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1895809">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Hacker took pains to hide $3.36B of stolen bitcoin. Feds found it anyway</strong> - The haul, the second biggest in DOJ history, shows the difficulty of hiding cryptocurrency. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1895826">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Oculus co-founder makes a VR headset that can literally kill you</strong> - <em>Sword Art Online</em> inspires Palmer Luckey to put explosive charges on a Quest Pro. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1895813">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Carnival Row announces second and final season with briefest of teasers</strong> - Travis Beacham’s “Victorian neo-noir” fantasy series debuted in 2019. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1895749">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Professor X asks a girl, “what is your mutant power?”</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Girl replies: “I can guess how many pulls to turn a ceiling fan off on the first try!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
She points up and says: “3 pulls”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Professor X stands up and pulls 3 times. After the third pull the fan turns off.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Professor X: “Yeah thats cool and all, but not really a super power…”
</p>
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Girl: “Yeah I was jut kidding, I can heal paraplegics”
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Professor X, still standing: “Oh my god”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/mrwawe01"> /u/mrwawe01 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/yp4aa4/professor_x_asks_a_girl_what_is_your_mutant_power/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/yp4aa4/professor_x_asks_a_girl_what_is_your_mutant_power/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>Crocodile.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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A multi-millionaire, living in Australia, decided to throw a party and invited all of his buddies and neighbors… He also invited Brian, the only native Australian in the neighborhood. He held the party around the pool, in the backyard of his mansion. Everyone was having a good time, drinking, dancing, eating prawns and oysters from the barbecue, and flirting. Then at the height of the party, the millionaire said, “I have a 15 foot man-eating crocodile in my pool, and I’ll give a million dollars to anyone who’ll join him in the pool.” The words were barely out of his mouth when there was a loud splash. Everyone turned around, and saw Brian in the pool fighting madly with the crocodile, jabbing it in the eyes with his thumbs, throwing punches, head butting it… getting it in choke holds, biting it’s tail and flipping it through the air like some kind of martial arts expert! The water was churning and splashing everywhere. Both Brian and the crocodile were screaming and raising hell. Finally, after what seemed like ages, Brian strangled the crocodile, and let it float to the top of the pool like a dead goldfish. An exhausted Brian wearily climbed out of the pool, with everybody staring at him in disbelief. The millionaire said, “Well Brian, I guess I owe you a million dollars then.” “Nah, you are all right man, I don’t want it,” said Brian. So, the millionaire said, “I have to give you something, you won the bet.” “How about half a million bucks?” “No thanks, I don’t want it,” Brian insisted. The millionaire said, “Come on, I insist on giving you something…” “That was amazing!” “How about a new Porsche, a Rolex and some stock options?” Once again, Brian said, “No thanks.” Confused, the rich man asked, “Well Brian, then what do you want?” Brian replied… “I want the bastard who pushed me in!”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/harrygatto"> /u/harrygatto </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/ypdadr/crocodile/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/ypdadr/crocodile/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>An Irishman buys a chainsaw…</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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Paddy goes to a tool store to buy a chainsaw. The server sells him the top-of-the-line model, saying that it will cut through over 100 trees in one day.
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Paddy takes the chainsaw home and begins working on the trees but after working for over three hours he only cuts down two trees.
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“How can I cut for hours and hours and only finish two trees?” he asks himself.
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The next day Paddy gets up early in the morning and works until sundown, but still only manages to cut down five trees.
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The very next day he takes the chainsaw back to the store and says it doesn’t work properly.
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“Hmm, it looks okay,” says the server, and starts the chainsaw. Paddy jumps back in shock and cries, “What’s that noise?!”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Available-Primary292"> /u/Available-Primary292 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/yov1l6/an_irishman_buys_a_chainsaw/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/yov1l6/an_irishman_buys_a_chainsaw/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>A man in my town was shot yesterday with a starter’s pistol.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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Police suspect that the crime is race related.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/porichoygupto"> /u/porichoygupto </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/yonw3g/a_man_in_my_town_was_shot_yesterday_with_a/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/yonw3g/a_man_in_my_town_was_shot_yesterday_with_a/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>It’s a good thing Elon didn’t acquire Reddit, otherwise</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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(Your post was removed by Reddit admins, and your account was suspended)
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/iamaneditor"> /u/iamaneditor </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/yot88e/its_a_good_thing_elon_didnt_acquire_reddit/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/yot88e/its_a_good_thing_elon_didnt_acquire_reddit/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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