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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Pandemic Fatigue: Measurement, Correlates, and Consequences</strong> -
<div>
With no effective treatment or vaccine widely available, most national COVID-19 response strategies have relied on people’s willingness to comply with health-protective behaviours and behavioural restrictions. Despite generally high levels of public compliance, several countries have reported a recent upsurge in the number of people who no longer sufficiently adhere to restrictions or keep themselves informed about COVID-19. This developing trend has been attributed to Pandemic Fatigue. Using quota-representative survey data from Denmark and Germany (overall n = 12,191), we introduce a psychometrically sound measure of Pandemic Fatigue, show who experiences it, identify related emotions and perceptions, and shed light on the relation between Pandemic Fatigue and four COVID-19-related health-protective behaviours. Further, based on a preregistered online experiment with US participants (n = 1,584), we establish a causal link between Pandemic Fatigue and people’s intention to comply with recommended heath-protective behaviours.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/2xvbr/" target="_blank">Pandemic Fatigue: Measurement, Correlates, and Consequences</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>PROTECTIVE BEHAVIOR AGAINST COVID-19 AMONG VIETNAMESE PEOPLE IN THE SOCIAL DISTANCING CAMPAIGN A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY</strong> -
<div>
In the global fight against the rapid spread of COVID-19, a variety of unprecedented preventive measures have been implemented across the globe, as well as in Vietnam. How Vietnamese people respond to threats to their health and life remains unclear. For this reason, the current study aims to examine Vietnamese people’s protective behavior and its factors. Based on 1,798 online survey respondents’ data collected on the last three days of the nationwide social distancing campaign in mid-April, it is found that gender, knowledge of COVID-19 and preventive measures, and attitudes towards the COVID-19 prevention policies are the three main factors of participants’ protective behaviors. We also find that males are less likely than females to adopt precautionary measures. People who are knowledgeable about COVID-19 may have inappropriate practices towards it. Further research is needed to examine other determinants of protective behaviors to provide more useful information for authorities, public health policy-makers, and healthcare workers to deliver the best practices to control COVID-19 in our country.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/5sxgp/" target="_blank">PROTECTIVE BEHAVIOR AGAINST COVID-19 AMONG VIETNAMESE PEOPLE IN THE SOCIAL DISTANCING CAMPAIGN A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Comparative infectivity and pathogenesis of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants in Syrian hamsters</strong> -
<div>
Within one year after its emergence, more than 108 million people contracted SARS-CoV-2 and almost 2.4 million succumbed to COVID-19. New SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoC) are emerging all over the world, with the threat of being more readily transmitted, being more virulent, or escaping naturally acquired and vaccine-induced immunity. At least three major prototypic VoC have been identified, i.e. the UK (B.1.1.7), South African (B.1.351) and Brazilian (B.1.1.28.1), variants. These are replacing formerly dominant strains and sparking new COVID-19 epidemics and new spikes in excess mortality. We studied the effect of infection with prototypic VoC from both B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 lineages in Syrian golden hamsters to assess their relative infectivity and pathogenicity in direct comparison to two basal SARS-CoV-2 strains isolated in early 2020. A very efficient infection of the lower respiratory tract of hamsters by these VoC is observed. In line with clinical evidence from patients infected with these VoC, no major differences in disease outcome were observed as compared to the original strains as was quantified by (i) histological scoring, (ii) micro-computed tomography, and (iii) analysis of the expression profiles of selected antiviral and pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. Noteworthy however, in hamsters infected with VoC B.1.1.7, a particularly strong elevation of proinflammatory cytokines was detected. Overall, we established relevant preclinical infection models that will be pivotal to assess the efficacy of current and future vaccine(s) (candidates) as well as therapeutics (small molecules and antibodies) against two important SARS-CoV-2 VoC.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.26.433062v1" target="_blank">Comparative infectivity and pathogenesis of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants in Syrian hamsters</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Antibodies with potent and broad neutralizing activity against antigenically diverse and highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants</strong> -
<div>
The emergence of highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) that are resistant to therapeutic antibodies highlights the need for continuing discovery of broadly reactive antibodies. We identify four receptor-binding domain targeting antibodies from three early-outbreak convalescent donors with potent neutralizing activity against 12 variants including the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 VOCs. Two of them are ultrapotent, with sub-nanomolar neutralization titers (IC50 &lt;0.0006 to 0.0102 g/mL; IC80 &lt; 0.0006 to 0.0251 g/mL). We define the structural and functional determinants of binding for all four VOC-targeting antibodies, and show that combinations of two antibodies decrease the in vitro generation of escape mutants, suggesting potential means to mitigate resistance development. These results define the basis of therapeutic cocktails against VOCs and suggest that targeted boosting of existing immunity may increase vaccine breadth against VOCs.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.25.432969v1" target="_blank">Antibodies with potent and broad neutralizing activity against antigenically diverse and highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Healthcare worker intentions to receive a COVID-19 vaccine and reasons for hesitancy: A survey of 16,158 health system employees on the eve of vaccine distribution</strong> -
<div>
Healthcare workers (HCWs) have been recommended to receive first priority for limited COVID-19 vaccines. They have also been identified as potential ambassadors of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, helping to ensure that sufficient members of a hesitant public accept COVID-19 vaccines to achieve population immunity. Yet HCWs themselves have shown vaccine hesitancy in other contexts and the few prior surveys of U.S. HCW intentions to receive a COVID-19 vaccine report acceptance rates of only 28% to 34%. However, it is unknown whether HCW acceptance remains low following mid-November announcements of the efficacy of the first COVID-19 vaccines and the issuance of two emergency use authorizations (EUA) in December. We report the results of a December 2020 survey (N = 16,158; response rate 61%) administered by a large Pennsylvania health system to determine the intentions of its employees to receive a vaccine when it is offered to them. In a mixed sample of individuals serving in patient-facing and other roles, 55% would decide to receive a COVID-19 vaccine when offered, 16.4% would not, and 28.5% reported being undecided. The distribution of responses varied little across hospital campuses, between those in patient-facing roles and other HCWs, or by area or department of work. The higher rate of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance we observe may reflect the framing and timing of our survey. Among hesitant respondents, an overwhelming majority (90.3%) reported concerns about unknown risks and insufficient data. Other commonly reported concerns included known side effects (57.4%) and wanting to wait until they see how it goes with others (44.4%). We observed a substantial increase in self-reported intent to receive a COVID-19 vaccine after an FDA advisory committee voted to recommend an EUA. Among respondents who completed the survey after that point in time, 79% intend to receive a COVID-19 vaccine (n = 1155). Although only suggestive, this trend offers hope that rates of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance may be higher among HCWs and, perhaps, the general public than more hypothetical survey results have indicated.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/ge6uh/" target="_blank">Healthcare worker intentions to receive a COVID-19 vaccine and reasons for hesitancy: A survey of 16,158 health system employees on the eve of vaccine distribution</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Sensing the Audience in Digital Streaming: Lessons from a Global Pandemic</strong> -
<div>
Live performances are immersive shared experiences, traditionally taking place in designated, carefully designed physical spaces such as theatres or concert halls. As it is becoming increasingly common for audiences to experience this type of content remotely using digital technology, it is crucial to reflect on the design of digital experiences and the technology used to deliver them. This research is guided by the question: How can the design of streaming technologies support artists in creating immersive and engaging audience experiences? A series of audience studies, which took place as cultural organisations were forced to adapt and deliver their content remotely due to the COVID19 global pandemic, highlighted problems with existing streaming solutions and informed a set of design recommendations for audience experience and research.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/y2rfw/" target="_blank">Sensing the Audience in Digital Streaming: Lessons from a Global Pandemic</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Children’s psychological well-being and problem behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online study during the lockdown period in Germany</strong> -
<div>
As COVID-19 dramatically changes human social life, restrictive lockdown periods to slow the spread of the virus have been suggest to particularly affect the psychological well-being of children and their families. To capture lockdown-related effects on a large scale, the present study used an online questionnaire completed by parents of 3-10-year-olds during the most restrictive lockdown period in Germany thus far (N = 2,672). Parents reported their stress level, their child’s well-being, and their child’s problem behaviors among others. Results showed that most parents and children experienced lockdown-related stress. Concerning children, not being able to meet with friends and family members outside the household emerged as the primary challenge. Older children (7-10 years) evidenced more emotional symptoms as well as less conduct problems and hyperactivity than younger children (3-6 years). Children’s own and their parents’ stress level, the degree to which children missed other children, and children’s age all showed to be negatively related to children’s general life satisfaction. Single parenthood and being an only child emerged as potential risk factors for children’s well-being. Taken together, these findings shed light on the psychological situation of children and their families during governmental lockdown measures, as well as on relations of children’s coping and demographic background. They have implications for possible avenues for interventions, inter alia by encouraging policies focusing on children from single parent families, on only children as well as on families in difficult housing situations.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/mgqzt/" target="_blank">Children’s psychological well-being and problem behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online study during the lockdown period in Germany</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Clinical Science Can Address Rising Eating Disorder Psychopathology during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Comment on Gruber et al., 2020</strong> -
<div>
Eating disorders (EDs) are serious psychiatric disorders that affect 13-18% of young men and women. EDs are associated with substantial psychiatric and medical morbidity and mortality, indicating a critical need for improved identification and treatment. Despite the relatively high prevalence and severity of EDs, they are often omitted from discussions of mental health. This comment is in response to Gruber et al. (2020), who wrote an important article on the challenges and opportunities facing clinical scientists in the time of COVID-19. Our response article extends Gruber et al.’s (2020) paper by noting additional challenges facing people with an eating disorder during COVID-19 and recognizing opportunities for improved evidence-based assessment and treatment of this important population.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/592za/" target="_blank">Clinical Science Can Address Rising Eating Disorder Psychopathology during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Comment on Gruber et al., 2020</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Self-reported impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, affective responding, and subjective well-being - A Swedish survey</strong> -
<div>
A rapid stream of research confirms that the COVID-19 pandemic is a global threat to mental health and psychological well-being. It is therefore important to identify both hazardous and protective individual factors during the pandemic. The current research examined the relationships between self-reported affective responding, perceived personal consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, and subjective well-being. An online survey (N = 471) conducted in Sweden between June and September, 2020, showed that higher levels of irritability, impulsivity, and the tendency to experience and express anger were generally associated with more severe personal consequences of the pandemic, particularly in areas related to family life, work/study, and finances. While more severe impacts of the pandemic in these areas of life were directly associated with lower subjective well-being, emotion regulation through cognitive reappraisal appeared to moderate the extent to which consequences of the pandemic in other areas of life (i.e., social, free-time and physical activities) translated into decreased well-being. This suggests that cognitive reappraisal may serve to protect against some of the debilitating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health. Overall, the results indicate that the perceived consequences of the pandemic are multifaceted and that future research should examine these consequences using a multidimensional approach.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/3vt7a/" target="_blank">Self-reported impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, affective responding, and subjective well-being - A Swedish survey</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Reflections on running online expert advisory groups with young people with lived experience of depression</strong> -
<div>
Service user involvement is fundamental to healthcare research, including knowledge transfer, advising on study protocols and the development of interventions. However, to date, service user involvement within child and adolescent mental health research is still uncommon and there is limited focus on best practice within the literature. Furthermore, consultations and advisory groups have traditionally been held face-to-face; however, the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated a shift towards online research involvement as an alternative. This paper will examine our experience of conducting online expert advisory groups with young people (aged 14-24) with lived experience of depression and describe challenges and adaptations that need to be considered in order to make the events safe and accessible. Based on our own reflections of the process and feedback from young people taking part, we highlight the grouping of young people, facilitating pre-session nerves, intergroup communication and accessibility of online engagement. Young peoples’ reflections on the value of the advisory groups are also discussed. We conclude by offering suggestions, based on our reflections, for future online research consultations.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/m8ryh/" target="_blank">Reflections on running online expert advisory groups with young people with lived experience of depression</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>ai-corona: Radiologist-Assistant Deep Learning Framework for COVID-19 Diagnosis in Chest CT Scans</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Generation of medical assisting tools using recent artificial intelligence advances is beneficial for the medical workers in the global fight against COVID-19 outbreak. In this article we introduce ai-corona, a radiologist-assistant deep learning framework for COVID-19 infection diagnosis using chest CT scans. Our framework incorporates an Efficient NetB3-based feature extractor. We employed three independent dataset in this work named: CC-CCII, MDH, and MosMedData; all includes 7184 scans from 5693 subjects which contained pneumonia, common pneumonia (CP), non-pneumonia, normal and COVID-19 classes. We evaluated ai-corona on test sets from the CC-CCII set and MDH cohort and the entirety of the MosMedData cohort, for which it gained AUC score of 0.997, 0.989, and 0.954, respectively. We further compared our framework9s performance with other deep learning models developed on our employed data sets, as well as RT-PCR. Our results show that ai-corona outperforms all. Lastly, our framework9s diagnosis capabilities was evaluated as assistant to several experts. We demonstrated an increase in both speed and accuracy of expert diagnosis when incorporating ai-corona9s assistance.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.04.20082081v2" target="_blank">ai-corona: Radiologist-Assistant Deep Learning Framework for COVID-19 Diagnosis in Chest CT Scans</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Prior COVID-19 Infection and Antibody Response to Single Versus Double Dose mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The double dose regimen for mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 presents both a hope and a challenge for global efforts to curb the COVID-19 pandemic. With supply chain logistics impacting the rollout of population-scale vaccination programs, increasing attention has turned to the potential efficacy of single versus double dose vaccine administration for select individuals. To this end, we examined response to Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine in a large cohort of healthcare workers including those with versus without prior COVID-19 infection. For all participants, we quantified circulating levels of SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike (S) protein IgG at baseline prior to vaccine, after vaccine dose 1, and after vaccine dose 2. We observed that the anti-S IgG antibody response following a single vaccine dose in persons who had recovered from confirmed prior COVID-19 infection was similar to the antibody response following two doses of vaccine in persons without prior infection (P&gt;0.57). Patterns were similar for the post-vaccine symptoms experienced by infection recovered persons following their first dose compared to the symptoms experienced by infection naive persons following their second dose (P=0.66). These results support the premise that a single dose of mRNA vaccine could provoke in COVID-19 recovered individuals a level of immunity that is comparable to that seen in infection naive persons following a double dose regimen. Additional studies are needed to validate our findings, which could allow for public health programs to expand the reach of population wide vaccination efforts.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.23.21252230v2" target="_blank">Prior COVID-19 Infection and Antibody Response to Single Versus Double Dose mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Linking electronic health records for research on a nationwide cohort including over 54 million people in England</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Objectives: Describe a new England-wide electronic health record (EHR) resource enabling whole population research on Covid-19 and cardiovascular disease whilst ensuring data security and privacy and maintaining public trust. Design: Cohort comprising linked person-level records from national healthcare settings for the English population accessible within the new NHS Digital Trusted Research Environment. Setting: EHRs from primary care, hospital episodes, death registry, Covid-19 laboratory test results and community dispensing data, with further enrichment planned from specialist intensive care, cardiovascular and Covid-19 vaccination data. Participants: 54.4 million people alive on 1st January 2020 and registered with an NHS general practitioner in England. Main measures of interest: Confirmed and suspected Covid-19 diagnoses, exemplar cardiovascular conditions (incident stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and incident myocardial infarction (MI)) and all-cause mortality between 1st January and 31st October 2020. Results: The linked cohort includes over 96% of the English population. By combining person-level data across national healthcare settings, data on age, sex and ethnicity are complete for over 95% of the population. Among 53.2M people with no prior diagnosis of stroke/TIA, 98,721 had an incident stroke/TIA, of which 30% were recorded only in primary care and 4% only in death registry records. Among 53.1M people with no prior history of MI, 62,966 had an incident MI, of which 8% were recorded only in primary care and 12% only in death records. A total of 959,067 people had a confirmed or suspected Covid-19 diagnosis (714,162 in primary care data, 126,349 in hospital admission records, 776,503 in Covid-19 laboratory test data and 48,433 participants in death registry records). While 58% of these were recorded in both primary care and Covid-19 laboratory test data, 15% and 18% respectively were recorded in only one. Conclusions: This population-wide resource demonstrates the importance of linking person-level data across health settings to maximize completeness of key characteristics and to ascertain cardiovascular events and Covid-19 diagnoses. Although established initially to support research on Covid-19 and cardiovascular disease to benefit clinical care and public health and to inform health care policy, it can broaden further to enable a very wide range of research.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.22.21252185v2" target="_blank">Linking electronic health records for research on a nationwide cohort including over 54 million people in England</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 serostatus of healthcare worker in the Austrian state Vorarlberg between June 2020 and January 2021</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background Austria, and particularly its westernmost federal state Vorarlberg, developed an extremely high COVID-19 incidence rate in November 2020. Health care workers (HCW) may be at higher risk of contracting the disease within the working environment and therefore the seroprevalence in this population is of particular interest. Here, we analyzed SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody response in Vorarlberg HCW in a prospective cohort study. Methods A total of 395 HCW have been tested at three different time points for the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies specific for NP and RBD. Enrollment started in June 2020 (t1), two months after the end of the first wave. Re-testing took place between October to November at the beginning of the second wave (t2), and again at the end of the second wave in January 2021 (t3). Results At t1, 3% of HCW showed a strong IgG-specific responses to either NP or RBD. At t2, the rate increased to 4%, and after the second wave in January 2021, 14% had a strong response, which was assessed to be stable for up to ten months. The amount of HCW with anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies was 38% higher than the number of infections found by RT-PCR. Conclusion We found low numbers of SARS-CoV-2-seropositive HCW in a hotspot setting after the first wave but a very high increase during the second massive wave. Though the seroprevalence in HCW was comparable to the general population. Our findings offer support for the routine application of serological testing in management of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.19.21252045v2" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 serostatus of healthcare worker in the Austrian state Vorarlberg between June 2020 and January 2021</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Simulated identification of silent COVID-19 infections among children and estimated future infection rates with vaccination</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
<b>Importance:</b> A significant proportion of COVID-19 transmission occurs silently during the pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic stages of infection. Children, while being important drivers of silent transmission, are not included in the current COVID-19 vaccination campaigns. <b>Objective:</b> To investigate the benefits of identifying silent infections among children as a proxy for their vaccination. <b>Design:</b> This study used an age-structured disease transmission model, parameterized with census data and estimates from published literature, to simulate the synergistic effect of interventions in reducing attack rates over the course of one year. <b>Setting:</b> A synthetic population representative of the United States (US) demographics. <b>Participants:</b> Six age groups of 0-4, 5-10, 11-18, 19-49, 50-64, 65+ years based on US census data. <b>Interventions:</b> In addition to the isolation of symptomatic cases within 24 hours of symptom onset, vaccination of adults was implemented to reach a 40%-60% coverage over the course of one year with an efficacy of 95% against symptomatic and severe COVID-19. <b>Main Outcomes and Measures:</b> The combinations of proportion and speed for detecting silent infections among children which would suppress future attack rates below 5%. <b>Results:</b> In the base-case scenarios with an effective reproduction number Re = 1.2, a targeted approach that identifies 11% and 14% of silent infections among children within 2 or 3 days post-infection, respectively, would bring attack rates under 5% with 40% vaccination coverage of adults. If silent infections among children remained undetected, achieving the same attack rates would require an unrealistically high vaccination coverage (at least 81%) of this age group, in addition to 40% vaccination coverage of adults. The effect of identifying silent infections was robust in sensitivity analyses with respect to vaccine efficacy against infection and reduced susceptibility of children to infection. <b>Conclusions and Relevance:</b> In this simulation modeling study of a synthetic US population, in the absence of vaccine availability for children, a targeted approach to rapidly identify silent COVID-19 infections in this age group was estimated to significantly mitigate disease burden. Without measures to interrupt transmission chains from silent infections, vaccination of adults is unlikely to contain the outbreaks in the near term.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.06.21249349v2" target="_blank">Simulated identification of silent COVID-19 infections among children and estimated future infection rates with vaccination</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study to Evaluate a Single Dose of STI-2020 (COVI-AMG™) in Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: COVI-AMG;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Antithrombotic Rivaroxaban Evaluation</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Rivaroxaban 10 mg<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz;   Bayer;   Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein;   Hospital do Coracao;   Hospital Sirio-Libanes;   Hospital Moinhos de Vento;   Brazilian Research In Intensive Care Network;   Brazilian Clinical Research Institute<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Safety and Efficacy of FB2001 in Healthy Subjects and Patients With COVID-19 Infection</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: FB2001;   Drug: FB2001 Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Frontier Biotechnologies Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Safety and Efficacy Study of Human Monoclonal Antibodies, BRII-196 and BRII-198 for the Treatment of Patients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: BRII-196 and BRII-198;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Brii Biosciences, Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effect of Prone Position onV/Q Matching in Non-intubated Patients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: prone position<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Southeast University, China<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety &amp; Efficacy of Low Dose Aspirin / Ivermectin Combination Therapy for Treatment of Covid-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: 3-dayIVM 200 mcg/kg/day/14-day 75mgASA/day + standard of care (intervention 1)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Makerere University;   Ministry of Health, Uganda;   Mbarara University of Science and Technology;   Joint Clinical Research Center<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Protecting Native Families From COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: Motivational Interviewing;   Behavioral: COVID-19 Symptom Monitoring System;   Behavioral: Motivational Interviewing and COVID-19 Symptom Monitoring System;   Other: Supportive Services<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Honey and Nigella Sativa in COVID-19 Prophylaxis</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Honey;   Drug: Nigella sativa seed;   Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sohaib Ashraf<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Efficacy of Thymic Peptides in the Treatment of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Honduras</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: Thymic peptides<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Universidad Católica de Honduras;   Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of the COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate (VBI-2902a)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: VBI-2902a;   Biological: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   VBI Vaccines Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Immunogenicity Study in Adults of AZD1222 and rAd26-S Administered as Heterologous Prime Boost Regimen for the Prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: AZD1222;   Biological: rAd26-S<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   R-Pharm;   AstraZeneca<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Trial Efficacy of Saisei Pharma Dietary Supplements MAF Capsules, 148 mg and M Capsules, 148 mg in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Dietary Supplement: MAF capsules 148 mg;   Dietary Supplement: M capsules 148 mg;   Other: Standard of care<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Saisei Pharma<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Impact of Colchicine and Low-dose Naltrexone on COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Colchicine 0.6 mg;   Drug: Naltrexone<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   HealthPartners Institute;   Park Nicollet Foundation<br/><b>Enrolling by invitation</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>THE EFFECT OF BREATHING EXERCISE AFTER COVID-19 PNEUMONIA: A Randomised Controlled Study</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Other: Breathing exercise with the phone application;   Other: Breathing exercise<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The RAPID COVID Study - Application of Point-of-Care COVID-19 Testing</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Diagnostic Test: Spartan COVID-19 Platform<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Ottawa Heart Institute Research Corporation<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>In vivo structural characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome identifies host proteins vulnerable to repurposed drugs</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Understanding of the RNA virus and its interactions with host proteins could improve therapeutic interventions for COVID-19. By using icSHAPE, we determined the structural landscape of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in infected human cells and from refolded RNAs, as well as the regulatory untranslated regions of SARS-CoV-2 and six other coronaviruses. We validated several…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Inhibition of anti-viral stress granule formation by coronavirus endoribonuclease nsp15 ensures efficient virus replication</strong> - Cytoplasmic stress granules (SGs) are generally triggered by stress-induced translation arrest for storing mRNAs. Recently, it has been shown that SGs exert anti-viral functions due to their involvement in protein synthesis shut off and recruitment of innate immune signaling intermediates. The largest RNA viruses, coronaviruses, impose great threat to public safety and animal health; however, the significance of SGs in coronavirus infection is largely unknown. Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Breadth and function of antibody response to acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans</strong> - Serological and plasmablast responses and plasmablast-derived IgG monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been analysed in three COVID-19 patients with different clinical severities. Potent humoral responses were detected within 3 weeks of onset of illness in all patients and the serological titre was elicited soon after or concomitantly with peripheral plasmablast response. An average of 13.7% and 13.0% of plasmablast-derived MAbs were reactive with virus spike glycoprotein or nucleocapsid,…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Bromelain inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection via targeting ACE-2, TMPRSS2, and spike protein</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication using calcineurin inhibitors: are concentrations required clinically achievable?</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection inhibits fibrinolysis leading to changes in viscoelastic properties of blood clot: A descriptive study of fibrinolysis</strong> - BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence indicates towards an association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and procoagulatory state in blood. Thromboelastographic investigations are useful point-of-care devices to assess coagulation and fibrinolysis.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Plant-Derived Food Grade Substances (PDFGS) Active Against Respiratory Viruses: A Systematic Review of Non-clinical Studies</strong> - Human diet comprises several classes of phytochemicals some of which are potentially active against human pathogenic viruses. This study examined available evidence that identifies existing food plants or constituents of edible foods that have been reported to inhibit viral pathogenesis of the human respiratory tract. SCOPUS and PUBMED databases were searched with keywords designed to retrieve articles that investigated the effect of plant-derived food grade substances (PDFGS) on the activities…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Adverse Outcomes Associated With Corticosteroid Use in Critical COVID-19: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study</strong> - Corticosteroid is commonly used to reduce damage from inflammatory reactions in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aim to determine the outcomes of corticosteroid use in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Ninety six critically ill patients, hospitalized in 14 hospitals outside Wuhan from January 16 to March 30, 2020 were enrolled in this study. Among 96 critical patients, 68 were treated with corticosteroid (CS group), while 28 were not treated with corticosteroids (non-CS group)….</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How Family’s Support of Perseverance in Creative Efforts Influences the Originality of Children’s Drawing During the Period of COVID-19 Pandemic?</strong> - This study points out that families’ support of perseverance in creative efforts will increase children’s originality of creative drawing through children’s persistence in information searching. Data analysis based on 134 Chinese young children’s creative drawings and survey supports the above hypothesis. Moreover, children’s exposure to COVID-19 pandemic positively moderates the relationship between supporting perseverance and children’s search persistence, such that high exposure to COVID-19…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on roadside traffic-related air pollution in Shanghai, China</strong> - The outbreak of COVID-19 has significantly inhibited global economic growth and impacted the environment. Some evidence suggests that lockdown strategies have significantly reduced traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) in regions across the world. However, the impact of COVID-19 on TRAP on roadside is still not clearly understood. In this study, we assessed the influence of the COVID-19 lockdown on the levels of traffic-related air pollutants in Shanghai. The pollution data from two types of…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Coronavirus Disease-19-Associated Ischemic Stroke: A Novel Avenue in Neuroscience</strong> - Ischemic stroke is one of the catastrophic neurological events that are being increasingly recognized among Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19 patients. The recent studies have revealed about a possible connection among COVID-19, ischemic stroke, and excessive Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) formation. This paper establishes an overview of coronaviruses and NETs, NETs in pathogenesis of COVID-19 induced-ischemic stroke, and future directions using related recent literatures. NETs are normally…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Antiviral Bafilomycins from a Feces-Inhabiting <em>Streptomyces</em> sp</strong> - A new bafilomycin derivative (1) and another seven known bafilomycins (2-8) were isolated from feces-derived Streptomyces sp. HTL16. The structure of 1 was elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis. Biological testing demonstrated that these bafilomycins exhibited potent antiviral activities against the influenza A and SARS-CoV-2 viruses, with IC(50) values in the nanomolar range, by inhibiting the activity of endosomal ATP-driven proton pumps.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ca(2+)-dependent mechanism of membrane insertion and destabilization by the SARS-CoV-2 fusion peptide</strong> - Cell penetration after recognition of the SARS-CoV-2 virus by the ACE2 receptor, and the fusion of its viral envelope membrane with cellular membranes, are the early steps of infectivity. A region of the Spike protein (S) of the virus, identified as the “fusion peptide” (FP), is liberated at its N-terminal site by a specific cleavage occurring in concert with the interaction of the receptor binding domain of the Spike. Studies have shown that penetration is enhanced by the required binding of…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Interleukin-6 Receptor Inhibition in Covid-19 - Cooling the Inflammatory Soup</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A pilot double-blind safety and feasibility randomised controlled trial of high-dose intravenous zinc in hospitalised COVID-19 patients</strong> - CONCLUSION: Hospitalised COVID-19 patients demonstrated zinc deficiency. This can be corrected with HDIVZn. Such treatment appears safe, feasible and only associated with minimal peripheral infusion site irritation. This pilot study justifies further investigation of this treatment in COVID-19 patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sars-CoV-2 vaccine antigens</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU318283136">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-COV-2 BINDING PROTEINS</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU318004130">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Compositions and methods for detecting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU317343760">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>一种3-羟基丁酰化修饰蛋白质药物及其制备方法和应用</strong> - 本发明涉及医药技术领域，公开了一种3‑羟基丁酰化修饰蛋白质药物（例如抗体）及其制备方法和应用，特别是一种3‑羟基丁酰化修饰抗体及其制备方法和应用。发明人经过大量实验发现，3‑羟基丁酸及其类似物修饰蛋白质药物（例如抗体）后，可以显著提高蛋白质药物的热稳定性、对蛋白酶水解的抗性，降低蛋白质药物的等电点，并显著延长其在受试者体内的半衰期，进而提高其药效。修饰后所得蛋白质药物在科研和临床方面具有广阔的应用前景和较高的商业价值。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN318140486">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>新冠病毒重组融合蛋白、其制备方法和应用</strong> - 本发明提供一种新冠病毒重组融合蛋白、其制备方法和应用。本发明通过对新冠病毒S和N重组融合蛋白的基因序列进行设计，选择最优的片段进行整合，再通过人源HEK293细胞系统重组表达融合蛋白，经过纯化后对融合蛋白的分子量、纯度进行检测，最后利用融合蛋白制成新冠病毒抗体胶体金检测试纸条/试剂盒。与单独使用S蛋白或N蛋白制备的胶体金检测试纸条相比，该重组融合蛋白制备的胶体金检测试纸条具有更高的灵敏度和更低的漏检率。此外，本发明提供的新冠病毒重组融合蛋白可广泛应用于不同平台技术的新冠抗体检测试剂盒开发，如胶体金、荧光免疫层析、化学发光和酶联免疫等。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN318140491">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>稳定的冠状病毒重组蛋白二聚体及其表达载体</strong> - 本发明公开了稳定的冠状病毒重组蛋白二聚体及其表达载体，冠状病毒重组蛋白，由冠状病毒S蛋白S‑RBD、冠状病毒N蛋白的CTD区N‑CTD和将二者偶联的连接子构成。本发明一些实例的冠状病毒重组蛋白，可以形成并维持稳定的二聚体结构，避免单体S‑RBD降解，有利于提高冠状病毒重组蛋白的免疫原性，有望用于制备检测试剂原料、疫苗、抗体、预防或治疗性药物。本发明一些实例的冠状病毒重组蛋白二聚体，具有很好的免疫原性。在疫苗开发领域具有广阔的应用前景。本发明一些实例的表达载体，易于表达冠状病毒重组蛋白二聚体且表达量高。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN318107321">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SELF-CLEANING AND GERM-KILLING REVOLVING PUBLIC TOILET FOR COVID 19</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU318003558">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>一种新冠病毒S1蛋白的灌流生产系统及方法</strong> - 本发明涉及细胞生物学技术领域，提供了一种新冠病毒S1蛋白的灌流生产系统及方法，包括：细胞反应器，用于培养表达S1蛋白的细胞株；灌流系统，包括过滤装置、出液管、回液管和第一循环泵，所述过滤装置的主体内设有孔径为0.1‑0.2μm的中空纤维柱，用于过滤透出液，截留细胞培养液中的S1蛋白；所述出液管的两端分别与所述细胞反应器和所述中空纤维柱的下端相连通；所述回液管的两端分别与所述细胞反应器和所述中空纤维柱的上端相连通；所述第一循环泵设置于所述出液管与所述中空纤维柱相连的管路中。本发明系统投入成本低且S1蛋白产量高。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN318107249">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>检测新冠病毒的方法及试剂盒</strong> - 本发明公开了一种检测新冠病毒的方法及试剂盒。其中，该方法包括以下步骤：1）采集样本；2）采用核酸释放剂提取核酸；3）采用LAMP扩增进行检测，其中，核酸释放剂包括：热敏蛋白酶1000U/L~10000U/L、Tris‑HCl 5~50 mmol/L、曲拉通X‑100体积百分比0.05%<sub>0.5%和金属离子螯合剂0.1</sub>0.5mmol/L，其余为无菌水，热敏蛋白酶为≥55℃加热5~10分钟会完全失活的蛋白酶。应用本发明的检测新冠病毒的方法及试剂盒，检测新冠病毒，检测周期短，操作简单方便，检测结果通俗易懂，检测特异性高，检测成本低。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN318107166">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>一种新型冠状病毒拉曼光谱数据中心的构建方法</strong> - 本发明公开了一种新型冠状病毒拉曼光谱数据中心的构建方法，该方法包括以下步骤：S1.构建新冠病毒结构蛋白拉曼光谱数据库；S2.构建新冠病毒核酸拉曼光谱数据库；S3.构建新冠病毒颗粒拉曼光谱数据库；S4.构建新冠病毒临床检测样本拉曼光谱数据库；将各新型冠状病毒拉曼光谱数据库存入新型冠状病毒拉曼光谱检测服务器构成新型冠状病毒拉曼光谱数据中心。本发明有效建立了一套完整的新型冠状病毒拉曼光谱数据库，为新冠病毒拉曼检测技术提供可靠的标准数据支撑，有效提高检测结果的准确性及置信度。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN318107132">link</a></p></li>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Good, the Bad, and the Embarrassing in America’s COVID-19 Response</strong> - Were Americans too unruly, or did elected officials expect too little of them? - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-political-scene/the-good-the-bad-and-the-embarrassing-in-americas-covid-19-response">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Why Won’t Amnesty International Call Alexey Navalny a Prisoner of Conscience?</strong> - The Russian regime has used both its vast media infrastructure and its judicial system to vilify its opponents. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/why-wont-amnesty-international-call-alexey-navalny-a-prisoner-of-conscience">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Inside Xinjiang’s Prison State</strong> - Survivors detail the scope of China’s campaign of persecution against ethnic and religious minorities. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/a-reporter-at-large/china-xinjiang-prison-state-uighur-detention-camps-prisoner-testimony">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>On Climate, Wall Street Out-Orwells Orwell</strong> - BlackRock’s C.E.O. says divestment from fossil-fuel stocks would be “greenwashing.” - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-a-warming-planet/on-climate-wall-street-out-orwells-orwell">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Secret Life of the White House</strong> - The residence staff, many of whom have worked there for decades, balance their service of the First Family with their long-term loyalty to the house itself. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-political-scene/the-secret-life-of-the-white-house">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>The House passed Biden’s $1.9 trillion Covid-19 relief package</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Biden and Pelosi seated speaking in the Oval Office." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/uUSwH9vswZSqpIVh9fnH7LAGb-Y=/0x0:3339x2504/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/68884080/1300522443.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
President Joe Biden and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi discuss the Covid-19 relief package in the Oval Office on February 5. | Stefani Reynolds/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Democrats’ sweeping pandemic stimulus package now heads to the Senate.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FnqdqI">
Democrats have gotten over an important hurdle in <a href="https://www.vox.com/coronavirus-covid19">Covid-19</a> relief: The House of Representatives just passed its version of the <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/22276788/covid-relief-bill-congress-stimulus-checks">$1.9 trillion stimulus package</a>, sending it off to the Senate.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9zN18r">
The bill passed around 2 a.m. on Saturday morning, in a 219-212 vote, with every Republican voting no. Democratic Reps. Jared Golden of Maine and Kurt Schrader of Oregon also opposed the bill.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yuNy09">
The bill includes some big-ticket items that would deliver important relief to businesses, workers, and the broader economy. It includes $1,400 stimulus checks for those making up to $75,000, $400 expanded weekly unemployment insurance benefits through August 29, and billions of dollars for arenas such as schools, state and local governments, and restaurants. It also <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/22287299/joe-biden-covid-19-stimulus-bill-obamacare-enrollment">increases Affordable Care Act subsidies</a> for low- and middle-income Americans and expands both the <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2020/9/18/21444103/child-tax-credit-2020-joe-bden">child tax credit</a> and the earned income tax credit.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WbdJlO">
The bill also includes a $15 federal minimum wage, <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/2/25/22299034/15-dollar-minimum-wage-senate-parliamentarian">though the provision is dead in the Senate</a>. The Senate parliamentarian ruled on Thursday evening that the minimum wage hike cannot be passed under the rules of budget reconciliation.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8O1peJ">
In a <a href="https://www.majorityleader.gov/content/hoyer-statement-senate-parliamentarian-ruling-minimum-wage">statement</a> on Thursday, House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer (D-MD) said he is “deeply disappointed” in the ruling but noted that House Democrats will pass the bill as is, even though it will ultimately change in the Senate. “Gradually raising the minimum wage to $15 an hour remains a centerpiece of House Democrats’ economic plan and would provide a major boost in income to 27 million Americans while lifting nearly a million out of poverty,” he said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ONOVOP">
Senate Democrats are considering some workarounds on the minimum wage, though it’s unclear if they will stick.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UOWDOc">
Now that the House has passed a version of the bill, it will head to the Senate, which is likely to make some changes to the text. After that, it’s likely to get bounced back to the House, which would need to pass whatever the eventual agreed-on version of the legislation would be before it lands on President Joe Biden’s desk. The clock is ticking: Expanded and extended unemployment insurance <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/12/21/22193134/covid-19-stimulus-deal-house-senate">under the last $900 billion stimulus package</a>, passed in December, ends on March 14. Democrats do not want to push workers off an unemployment cliff.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EhKFE6">
<a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/22276788/covid-relief-bill-congress-stimulus-checks">You can find a complete look at what’s in the House bill here</a>.
</p>
<h3 id="NphIlb">
Democrats are taking a big swing here
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JtNxHp">
Biden <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/22231808/joe-biden-economic-stimulus-proposal">first introduced</a> his proposal for a sweeping $1.9 trillion Covid-19 relief package in January, which the congressional plan largely mirrors. Democrats and many economists have for months argued that the risk on the federal government’s pandemic response is doing too little, not too much, to help the country and the economy. Many lawmakers feel the government undershot its response to the 2009 Great Recession and incorrectly assumed they’d have multiple chances at major legislation. They’re determined not to make that mistake this time around.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2VafXk">
“We can’t do too much here,” Biden told reporters in the Oval Office in early February. “We can do too little and sputter.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Me12jZ">
Democrats, including the president, have argued that it’s an important moment for deficit spending to help people in need, also noting that interest rates are low and are expected to stay that way for quite some time. “Every major economist thinks we should be investing in deficit spending in order to generate economic growth,” Biden told reporters in January.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Sutq5k">
To be sure, Democrats and the White House have received some pushback.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iSBpLl">
Republicans have broadly criticized the Democratic proposal.<strong> </strong>A group of 10 Senate Republicans put forth a counteroffer to Biden’s $1.9 trillion package, <a href="https://www.vox.com/22260255/senate-republicans-stimulus-plan">proposing instead a $600 billion bill</a> that would have addressed some immediate public health needs, such as vaccinations and testing, and food aid. But it shrank spending in areas such as unemployment, stimulus checks, and schools, and left out state and local aid altogether.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JWkmhc">
Some economists who are more centrist or even Democratic have questioned whether the legislation is too ambitious. Larry Summers, an economist who served in both the Clinton and Obama administrations, wrote an <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/02/04/larry-summers-biden-covid-stimulus/">op-ed warning</a> the bill might cause future inflation or make less politically palatable further stimulus. Summers’s concerns, while not out of left field, are not necessarily widely shared — <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/22268787/larry-summers-op-ed-biden-stimulus">many economists pointed out</a> that a little bit of inflation would indeed be good, and the Federal Reserve has tools to combat it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wQFC5f">
Before Summers’s op-ed was posted, Austan Goolsbee, another Obama economic alum, published an <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/03/business/coronavirus-relief-spend-big.html">op-ed in the New York Times</a> warning that the country could fall into a double-dip recession, meaning the economy could get better and then fall again, and called for a proactive response from the federal government. He wrote that a “wait and see” approach on a relief program “has been proved to be deeply wrong since the pandemic began,” and noted that the virus has caused people to withdraw from the economy. “Much damage has already been done — and it is evident not only in lost jobs but in lost income and lost companies,” he wrote. “This harm could have been prevented. It definitely should not be repeated now.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VYiiLa">
There is plenty of space to debate what’s in the legislation, what should be there and what should not. Some provisions, such as higher ACA subsidies, the expanded child tax credit, and the expanded earned income tax credit, are only temporary, and it’s unclear whether they’ll last beyond the next year or two. The House bill cut off a month of expanded unemployment insurance, which Biden initially proposed extending through September. Democrats also <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/22277339/covid-19-relief-bill-automatic-stabilizers">opted against including automatic stabilizers in the bill</a>, which would tie supports such as unemployment insurance to economic conditions rather than arbitrary end dates.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jmeOdn">
That the House has passed a version of the package doesn’t mean the process is over — there’s still quite a way to go before it lands in the Oval Office — but it’s an important step.
</p></li>
<li><strong>FDA advisers unanimously recommend Johnson &amp; Johnson’s Covid-19 vaccine</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A view of the Johnson &amp;amp; Johnson offices in Irvine, California, on October 23, 2020." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/QRdnmucBRIxReln5EEmGVtvHWhE=/317x0:2861x1908/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/68739526/GettyImages_1229247259t.7.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
The Johnson &amp; Johnson vaccine doesn’t require a booster shot, circumventing the two-dose problems posed by its competitors. The company plans to seek FDA approval in early February. | AaronP/Bauer-Griffin/GC Images/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The FDA could make an emergency use authorization as soon as this weekend, paving the way for distribution.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5Gj0Qk">
A panel of expert advisers to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) voted unanimously on Friday afternoon to recommend the one-dose <a href="https://www.vox.com/coronavirus-covid19">Covid-19</a> vaccine developed by Johnson &amp; Johnson for an emergency use authorization. The next step is for the FDA to accept the recommendation, which could happen as soon as this weekend, clearing the way for distribution.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gXGumE">
Earlier this week, the <a href="https://www.fda.gov/media/146217/download">FDA posted a briefing</a> going over the results of the phase 3 clinical trials of the Johnson &amp; Johnson vaccine, which included 40,000 participants in several countries divided randomly into placebo and treatment groups.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9w0K3c">
The most important finding: The vaccine was 100 percent effective after 28 days at preventing deaths and hospitalizations from Covid-19 among the clinical trial participants who received the treatment. (Two vaccine recipients were hospitalized with Covid-19 two weeks after receiving the injection.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="h9stE4">
The vaccine was also 66.1 percent effective at preventing symptomatic Covid-19 illness after four weeks, with consistent results across all age groups. When looking at blocking severe and critical cases of Covid-19, the Johnson &amp; Johnson vaccine was 85.4 percent effective.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ATlqPb">
<a href="https://johnsonandjohnson.gcs-web.com/static-files/28c17ae4-9a10-4bd6-a022-1c829054c1e9">Mathai Mammen</a>, global head of research and development for Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, said during a press conference last month that the vaccine also had “plain vanilla safety results,” with the vast majority of recipients experiencing no problems. Most of the reported symptoms were mild, including fatigue, arm pain, and fever.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QGwRdt">
The efficacy levels against severe to critical Covid-19 changed depending on where the vaccine was tested. It was 85.9 percent in the United States after four weeks, while in <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/1/21/22240475/covid-new-variant-south-africa-uk-brazil-vaccine-coronavirus">South Africa, where a coronavirus variant</a> with worrisome mutations that help it escape vaccines has been spreading widely, efficacy against severe disease was reduced to 81.7 percent.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="amrxy4">
Health officials say that while the Johnson &amp; Johnson efficacy results are not as high as those from Moderna and Pfizer/BioNTech, the two vaccines that have already received emergency use authorizations from the FDA, the new vaccine’s performance is still superb.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DW2SgN">
“If this had occurred in the absence of a prior announcement and implementation of a 94, 95 percent efficacy [vaccine], one would have said this is an absolutely spectacular result,” said Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, during the press conference last month. The vaccine was developed by Janssen Pharmaceuticals, a division of Johnson &amp; Johnson based in Belgium, together with Boston’s Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8riTlR">
But unlike the vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer/BioNTech,<strong> </strong>Johnson &amp; Johnson’s doesn’t require a booster shot, circumventing the <a href="https://www.vox.com/coronavirus-covid19/22163315/covid-19-vaccines-doses-pfizer-moderna">two-dose problems</a> posed by its competitors. There’s no need to track people down for their second dose, which means more people could be vaccinated faster. The shots also don’t require deep-cold storage, which means they’re less costly and somewhat easier to distribute.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="w7MWYz">
“It’s a complete game changer,” said Georgetown University health law professor Lawrence Gostin. “It completely changes the equation.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9aPn3E">
The Johnson &amp; Johnson vaccine is also different in another way. It uses an adenovirus vector to deliver instructions for making the spike protein of the coronavirus, which is also less expensive to manufacture than the mRNA platform used for the other vaccines. (It’s estimated to cost around <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-health-coronavirus-usa-johnsonandjohn-idUKKCN2511V7?edition-redirect=uk">$10 per vaccine dose</a> — roughly half the cost of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ypS3k2">
Johnson &amp; Johnson has promised enough vaccines for <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/johnson-and-johnson-covid-19-vaccine-fda-review-11614118867?mod=e2tw">20 million Americans</a> by the end of March and <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/21/jj-plans-to-have-100-million-vaccines-for-americans-by-spring-board-member-says.html?utm_term=Autofeed&amp;utm_medium=Social&amp;utm_content=Main&amp;utm_source=Twitter#Echobox=1611281085">100 million Americans</a> by the end of June despite <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/13/johnson-johnson-vaccine-production-458941">production challenges</a>. It would be a huge boost to the <a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/01/28/960901166/how-is-the-covid-19-vaccination-campaign-going-in-your-state">65 million Covid-19 vaccine doses</a> that have been administered in the US so far.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="odaxQs">
So even with an overall efficacy level that’s lower than the two other vaccines on the US market, the Johnson &amp; Johnson vaccine could become a major player. It’s the vaccine that “can increase equity,” said <a href="https://medicine.yale.edu/yigh/profile/saad_omer/">Saad Omer</a>, the director of the Yale Institute for Global Health, particularly “if it’s deployed strategically in nations that are hard to reach and where that would be a particular challenge under a two-dose schedule.” Johnson &amp; Johnson expects to distribute a billion doses of its vaccine worldwide this year.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="U4RSHz">
But as amazing as it is to see several effective Covid-19 vaccines developed in record time, it’s now clear that the technology alone won’t save the day. An orchestra of supply chains, manufacturing, logistics, staff, and public trust needs to harmonize in order to actually get billions of shots into arms around the world<strong> </strong>and finally draw the pandemic to a close. And we also have other hurdles to overcome: controlling the spread of variants that seem to be threatening the effectiveness of all the vaccines we have.
</p>
<h3 id="qigHwB">
What we learned about the safety and efficacy of the Johnson &amp; Johnson Covid-19 vaccine
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8kVugO">
Johnson &amp; Johnson launched <a href="https://www.jnj.com/johnson-johnson-initiates-pivotal-global-phase-3-clinical-trial-of-janssens-covid-19-vaccine-candidate">separate clinical trials</a> testing both a one-dose and a two-dose regimen to see how well these strategies provided long-term protection against Covid-19. The one-dose<strong> </strong>phase 3 trial <a href="https://www.jnj.com/johnson-johnson-announces-single-shot-janssen-covid-19-vaccine-candidate-met-primary-endpoints-in-interim-analysis-of-its-phase-3-ensemble-trial">arm yielded efficacy results first</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uxe3IK">
But hints that this vaccine could be safe and effective have been trickling out for months. The company published some of its early phase 1 and phase 2 trial data in a preprint paper in September, and the final version of the paper in January, in the <a href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2034201"><em>New England Journal of Medicine</em></a>. The papers showed the vaccine was well tolerated among the participants, and seemingly very effective: With one dose, after 29 days, the vaccine ensured that 90 percent of participants had enough antibodies required to neutralize the virus. After 57 days, that number reached 100 percent.<strong> </strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FwPvyP">
“When I looked at that, I thought, wow, this Johnson &amp; Johnson product is very powerful after the first dose in terms of immunogenicity,” said <a href="https://medicine.ucsf.edu/people/monica-gandhi">Monica Gandhi</a>, a professor of global medicine at the University of California San Francisco. “The Pfizer and Moderna vaccines needed two doses to get that level of [virus] neutralization.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="m2SWyf">
Like Pfizer/BioNTech, Johnson &amp; Johnson “didn’t rush to phase 3 [trials],” said Hilda Bastian, a scientist who has been tracking the global vaccine race. Instead, it tested multiple vaccine doses and candidates at the outset to figure out which might perform the best in humans, and then proceeded through clinical trials.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mMIcru">
The vaccine was also tested in nine countries — the <a href="https://absolutelymaybe.plos.org/2020/09/30/meet-the-women-leading-vanguard-covid-19-vaccine-trials-a-sign-of-progress-reminder-of-whats-at-risk/">largest single international phase 3</a> trial in the world, with more than 60,000 participants — meaning many ethnic groups were represented in the data, Bastian said. “As if all that’s not enough, it’s one of the ones that could be manufactured in South Africa and other places,” since Johnson &amp; Johnson has manufacturing capacity around the world, even in countries hard-hit by the pandemic that have been waiting for vaccine supplies, she added.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PWGN3q">
The day this vaccine gets approval “is going to be a big day for the future of this pandemic [and] a ticket out of this disease for a larger part of the world,” said Nicholas Lusiani, a senior adviser at Oxfam America.
</p>
<h3 id="bnEG1Q">
How adenovirus vector vaccines work
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IQfUn1">
Part of the appeal of this vaccine lies in the technology behind it. <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/adenovirus/index.html">Adenoviruses</a> are a family of viruses that can cause a range of illnesses in humans, including the common cold. They’re very efficient at getting their DNA into a cell’s nucleus. Scientists reasoned that if they could snip out the right sections of an adenovirus’s genome and insert another piece of DNA code (in this case, for a fragment of the new coronavirus), they could have a powerful system to deliver instructions to cells.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BetCdo">
For decades, scientists have experimented with adenovirus vectors as a platform for <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4507798/">gene therapy and to treat certain cancers</a>, using the virus to modify or replace genes in host cells. More recently, researchers have found success using adenoviruses as vaccines. Already, an adenovirus vector vaccine has been developed for the <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(20)30515-6/fulltext">Ebola virus</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="otHMyj">
In addition to Johnson &amp; Johnson and AstraZeneca/Oxford, CanSino Biologics of China is also developing an adenovirus vector Covid-19 vaccine; Russia’s <a href="https://sputnikvaccine.com/">Sputnik V</a> Covid-19 vaccine uses this platform, too.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tGLE8o">
To make one of these vaccines, the adenovirus is modified so that it can’t reproduce but can carry the instructions for making a component of a virus. In the case of Covid-19, most adenovirus vector vaccines code for the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, the part the virus uses to begin an infection.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="larxQ5">
Human cells then read those instructions delivered by the adenovirus and begin manufacturing the spike protein. The immune system recognizes the spike proteins as a threat and begins to build up its defenses.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Y2fwGf">
Since adenoviruses exist naturally, they tend to be more temperature-stable than the synthetic lipid nanoparticles that are used to deliver the mRNA in the Moderna and Pfizer/BioNTech vaccines.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nRyUnm">
“The nice thing about the adenovirus vector vaccines is that they’re a little more tolerant to a longer shelf life, to the conditions of storage,” said <a href="https://ghss.georgetown.edu/people/angela-rasmussen/">Angela Rasmussen</a>, a virologist at Georgetown University. Adenovirus vector vaccines can be stored at refrigerator temperatures, while mRNA vaccines need freezers, with Pfizer/BioNTech’s vaccine requiring temperatures of minus 80 degrees Celsius.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pDXKOK">
This helps lower the cost and complexity of manufacturing, distribution, and administration of adenovirus vector vaccines compared to other platforms. And simply having another vaccine on the market,<strong> </strong>made by a major pharmaceutical company with its own manufacturing infrastructure, is a big step forward. “The more vaccine doses we can have, the better,” Rasmussen said.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/aT8P1JW0Y1oGpRSRjCht9aYlsGw=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22267861/1230805815.jpg"/> <cite>Jason Redmond/AFP/Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
An Army National Guard specialist gives directions at one of four mass vaccination sites opened by the Washington state Department of Health on January 26.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<h3 id="MmC52A">
What comes next
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="b3xwwQ">
The next challenge for Johnson &amp; Johnson, after getting a green light from the FDA, is actually delivering doses to millions of arms.
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But with three vaccines eventually on the market, should people hold out for any one vaccine in particular?
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“Right now when people ask me, which, you know, which vaccine should I get? It’s pretty easy to answer that question because it’s whichever one you get offered,” said <a href="https://physiciandirectory.brighamandwomens.org/details/1354/paul-sax-infectious_disease-internal_medicine-medicine-boston">Paul Sax</a>, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School. Vaccine supplies are limited, the transmission of the virus is high, and hospitals are close to capacity, so few people can be picky about what they get.
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On the other hand, once vaccine supplies stabilize, having multiple vaccines with different characteristics could allow doctors and public health officials to optimize how the shots are distributed. “If the efficacy [of a given vaccine] is lower but still pretty good, there may be a scenario that one vaccine is recommended for low-risk populations and another one is for a high-risk population,” Omer said.
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Though the Johnson &amp; Johnson vaccine does have some key advantages over its competitors, it could face some of the same distribution snags that have hit other vaccines, like miscommunication between the government and hospitals, and production hurdles.
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Researchers say that all the manufacturers also need to start working to get vaccines to the rest of the world. The new variants that have emerged in the UK, Brazil, and South Africa and have been detected in other parts of the world are reminders that the virus continues to evolve, and that a partially vaccinated population could exert more selection pressures that accelerate <a href="https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/22247525/covid-19-variants-uk-south-africa-brazil-b117-why-now">these mutations</a>. So vaccination has to happen fast, and globally — and Johnson &amp; Johnson’s vaccine may be a critical tool to do this.
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“Long term, we need to be thinking about getting vaccines out equitably to the entire world, and having vaccines that are easier to distribute in terms of the cold chain requirements is going to be huge in that regard,” Rasmussen said.
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But even as these vaccines roll out, there’s still more to learn: how long protection from vaccines last, whether there are any rare complications to consider, whether they prevent transmission as well as disease, and how well these vaccines work against the new variants. There are already some troubling signs of how these variants might eventually be able to <a href="https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/22247525/covid-19-variants-uk-south-africa-brazil-b117-why-now">evade vaccines</a>. Continuing clinical trials will be critical, Sax said.
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“You know, we’ve got millions of people who’ve received these vaccines already, which is exciting,” he added. “We’re on our way.”
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<li><strong>This March, the Vox Book Club is going deep on gender, power, and corruption with The Power</strong> -
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<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/bUt0r3Rat0eW6K3xdoOISxbvnME=/0x1004:1651x2242/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/68882489/81siXD4WNiL.0.jpg"/>
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The Power by Naomi Alderman | Back Bay Books
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Read along with us as we delve into Naomi Alderman’s award-winning dystopia.
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<em>The Vox Book Club is linking to </em><a href="https://go.redirectingat.com/?id=66960X1516588&amp;xs=1&amp;url=https://bookshop.org/shop/voxbookclub&amp;referrer=vox.com&amp;sref=https://www.vox.com/culture/21423100/idiot-elif-batuman-semiotics-language-word-games&amp;xcust=___vx__p_22020487__t_w__r_vox.com/vox-book-club__d" rel="sponsored nofollow noopener" target="_blank"><em><strong>Bookshop.org</strong></em></a><em> to support local and independent booksellers.</em>
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As we head into March, the United States enters its first-ever <a href="https://womenshistorymonth.gov/">Women’s History month</a> with a woman serving as vice president. Kamala Harris is now officially in office, and we have been given a month to think about the history of women in America — four years after a man who was caught on tape bragging about sexually assaulting women defeated the first major-party woman candidate for the presidency.
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So this March, in particular, is an interesting time to consider institutional power, the ways in which women have historically had very little of it, and what our world might look like if and when that changes. That’s why the Vox Book Club will spend the month reading Naomi Alderman’s <a href="https://go.redirectingat.com?id=66960X1516588&amp;xs=1&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fbookshop.org%2Fbooks%2Fthe-power%2F9780316547604&amp;referrer=vox.com&amp;sref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fculture%2F22299751%2Fpower-naomi-alderman-vox-book-club" rel="sponsored nofollow noopener" target="_blank"><em>The Power</em></a>.
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In <em>The Power</em>, Alderman, who is a protégé of Margaret Atwood’s, imagines a universe in which women en masse develop a genetic mutation that allows them to electrocute people. The balance of power between the sexes abruptly stutters and shifts, and the world begins to reshape itself on a fundamental level. The result is an exploration of the ways we gender power and of power itself and all the ways it corrupts and can be abused.
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We’ll have tons to talk about together, and at the end of the month, we’ll discuss the book with Alderman herself, live on Zoom. <a href="https://voxbookclub-march.splashthat.com/">You can RSVP to join us here</a>.
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<strong>Here’s the full </strong><a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/4/10/21216559/vox-book-club-join-read-discuss"><strong>Vox Book Club schedule</strong></a><strong> for March 2021</strong>
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<strong>Friday, March 12:</strong> Discussion post on <em>The Power </em>published to Vox.com
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<strong>Thursday, March 25:</strong> Virtual live event with author Naomi Alderman at 12 pm Eastern. <a href="https://voxbookclub-march.splashthat.com/">RSVP here</a>.
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<a href="https://confirmsubscription.com/h/d/533DCA62F59CA120"><strong>Subscribe to the Vox Book Club newsletter to stay up to date on all the books we’re reading.</strong></a>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>New Zealand moves men’s and women’s T20Is to Wellington as Auckland goes into lockdown</strong> - Both the matches will now be held behind closed doors</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Women’s squad vs South Africa: Shikha Pandey axed, rookie keeper Shwetha gets maiden call-up</strong> - Mithali Raj and Harmanpreet Kaur will lead the ODI and T20I teams respectively</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Bumrah released from Indian Test squad due to personal reasons</strong> - Ahmedabad Fast bowler Jasprit Bumrah was on Saturday released from India’s squad for the fourth Test against England, beginning here on Thursday, due</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>More India is allowed to get away, more toothless ICC will look, says Vaughan</strong> - Vaughan called India’s win “a shallow victory” but admitted that the home team is much better equipped to deal with the conditions.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>West Indies recall Chris Gayle, Fidel Edwards for Sri Lanka T20 series</strong> - Former captain Gayle last played for West Indies in a one-day international against India in 2019</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Coronavirus | Cabinet Secretary reviews surge in COVID-19 cases</strong> - Enforce pandemic-appropriate behaviour and deal firmly with violations, States told</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Coronavirus | Eight States displaying upward trajectory in daily new cases, says Health Ministry</strong> - Maharashtra shows highest rise, Kerala biggest decline in the last two weeks.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>NIA files supplementary charge sheet against four human traffickers of Jharkhand</strong> - They used to traffic poor and innocent minor boys and girls from Jharkhand on the pretext of providing them jobs in Delhi and neighbouring States, the official said.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ED attaches ₹84-crore assets in SKSCCL case</strong> - The ED probe is based on a complaint from the Office of the Registrar Cooperative Societies, Bengaluru and various FIRs</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Congress dissenters pitch for Ghulam Nabi Azad at Jammu meet</strong> - Ghulam Nabi Azad, who is heading the Congress camp, said his party respect all religions, people and castes.</p></li>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Lockdown bomb hoaxer targeted NHS, MPs and BLM protests</strong> - A German court imprisons a Berlin-based Italian for extortion threats made against UK targets.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Alexei Navalny: Top Putin critic sent to Russian penal colony</strong> - Alexei Navalny’s conviction for embezzlement is widely seen as politically motivated.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mary Robinson ‘made a big mistake’ over Dubai princess</strong> - Princess Latifa Al Maktoum was previously described as “troubled” by the former Irish president.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cork farm murders: Investigation after brothers’ bodies found</strong> - Gardaí investigating a double murder of two brothers in County Cork find the body of a third man.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Michael Collins’ wolf slippers spark Twitter storm</strong> - The emergence of the Irish revolutionary’s bright blue plush puppies stunned Irish Twitter users.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Perseverance’s eyes see a different Mars</strong> - The Red Planet’s red looks different to a robot with hyperspectral cameras for eyes. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1745740">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Hackers tied to Russia’s GRU targeted the US grid for years</strong> - Sandworm-aligned group has breached US critical infrastructure a handful of times - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1745731">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>FDA panel votes unanimously in favor of authorizing J&amp;J vaccine</strong> - The vaccine could be authorized as soon as Saturday. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1745814">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Hard-coded key vulnerability in Logix PLCs has severity score of 10 out of 10</strong> - Critical authentication bypass flaw affects the entire Logix product line. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1745776">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>TikTok agrees to proposed $92 million settlement in privacy class action</strong> - Class members can get compensation, as long as most don’t file for it. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1745503">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
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<li><strong>My girlfriend broke up with me for being too “un-American”</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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I saw it coming from a kilometre away
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/MrGupppy"> /u/MrGupppy </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/ltkeo3/my_girlfriend_broke_up_with_me_for_being_too/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/ltkeo3/my_girlfriend_broke_up_with_me_for_being_too/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>What’s the difference between me and cancer?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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My dad didn’t beat cancer.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Chainsmoker88"> /u/Chainsmoker88 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/lt5nin/whats_the_difference_between_me_and_cancer/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/lt5nin/whats_the_difference_between_me_and_cancer/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>Today at the gym, i asked a girl what her new year’s resolution was</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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She said ‘’Fuck you’’
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​
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so i’m pretty excited for 2022
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/suave111111"> /u/suave111111 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/lszz72/today_at_the_gym_i_asked_a_girl_what_her_new/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/lszz72/today_at_the_gym_i_asked_a_girl_what_her_new/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>My wife emailed me our wedding photos, but I couldn’t open any of the files.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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I always have trouble with emotional attachments.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/porichoygupto"> /u/porichoygupto </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/ltegww/my_wife_emailed_me_our_wedding_photos_but_i/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/ltegww/my_wife_emailed_me_our_wedding_photos_but_i/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>My girlfriend said I’m terrible in bed</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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But it’s unfair to make a conclusion in 17 seconds
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/AnInsaneMoose"> /u/AnInsaneMoose </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/lstjc8/my_girlfriend_said_im_terrible_in_bed/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/lstjc8/my_girlfriend_said_im_terrible_in_bed/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
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