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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Meisoindigo: An Effective Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Revealed by Yeast System</strong> -
<div>
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has had a significant impact on global health and economy. Despite the availability of vaccines, their limited accessibility and vaccine hesitancy pose challenges in controlling the spread of the disease. Effective therapeutic strategies, including antiviral drugs, are needed to combat the future spread of new SARSCoV- 2 virus variants. The main protease (Mpro) is a critical therapeutic target for COVID-19 medicines, as its inhibition impairs viral replication. However, the use of substances that inhibit Mpro may induce selection pressure. Thus, it is vital to monitor viral resistance to known drugs and to develop new drugs. Here we have developed a yeast system for the identification of Mpro inhibitors as an alternative to costly and demanding high biosecurity procedures. The system is based on stable expression of Mpro and does not require selection media. Yeast can be cultured on a rich carbon source, providing rapid growth and screening results. The designed tool was subsequently used to screen the FDA-Approved Drug Library. Several chemicals with Mpro inhibitory properties were identified. We found that meisoindigo not previously known for its potential to inhibit Mpro, was highly effective. Our results may promote development of new derivatives with therapeutic properties against SARS-CoV-2 and other beta-coronaviruses.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.03.555867v1" target="_blank">Meisoindigo: An Effective Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Revealed by Yeast System</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Antigenicity and infectivity characterization of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86</strong> -
<div>
The recently identified SARS-CoV-2 variant, BA.2.86, which carries a substantial number of Spike mutations, has raised a global alarm. An immediate assessment of its antigenic properties and infectivity is necessary. Here, we reveal the distinct antigenicity of BA.2.86 compared with previous variants including XBB.1.5. BA.2.86 significantly evades convalescent plasma from XBB breakthrough infection (BTI) and reinfections. Key mutations that mediate the enhanced resistance include N450D, K356T, L452W, A484K, V483del, and V445H on the RBD, while BA.2.86's NTD mutations and E554K on SD1 also largely contribute. However, we found that BA.2.86 pseudovirus exhibits compromised efficiency of infecting HEK293T-hACE2 cells compared to XBB.1.5 and EG.5, which may be caused by K356T, V483del, and E554K, and could potentially limit BA.2.86's transmissibility. In sum, it appears that BA.2.86 has traded its infectivity for higher immune evasion during long-term host-viral evolution. Close attention should be paid to monitoring additional mutations that could improve BA.2.86's infectivity.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.01.555815v1" target="_blank">Antigenicity and infectivity characterization of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 EG.5/EG.5.1 by sera from ZF2001 RBD-dimer and its next-generation vaccines</strong> -
<div>
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron EG.5 and EG.5.1 are surging in several areas of the world, including China. Compared with XBB.1, EG.5 contains additional mutations of F456L and S486P in the spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) and its subvariant EG.5.1 carries a further spike mutation Q52H. The immune escape potential of EG.5/EG.5.1 is of great concern. In this study, we evaluated the neutralization activities of sera from participants who received COVID-19 inactivated vaccines, protein subunit vaccine ZF2001 or a booster vaccination of Delta-BA.5 RBD-heterodimer protein vaccine, and participants who had a breakthrough infection during a wave of BF.7/BA.5.2 circulation in December 2022. Neutralization profiles elicited by bivalent RBD-heterodimer vaccine candidates containing XBB.1.5 antigen were evaluated in a murine model. We found that EG.5 and EG.5.1 displayed similar immune evasion potential to XBB.1 and XBB.1.5. The Delta-BA.5 RBD-heterodimer booster induced higher neutralizing titers against the tested XBB subvariants, including EG.5 and EG.5.1, than breakthrough infection by BF.7 or BA.5.2. In addition, Delta-XBB.1.5 and BQ.1.1-XBB.1.5 RBD-heterodimer vaccines induced high neutralizing activities against XBB sub-variants in a murine model, suggesting that next-generation COVID-19 vaccines with updated components must be developed to enhance the protection efficacy against the circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.02.556038v1" target="_blank">Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 EG.5/EG.5.1 by sera from ZF2001 RBD-dimer and its next-generation vaccines</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Trapping non-cognate nucleotide upon initial binding for replication fidelity control in SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase</strong> -
<div>
The RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) in SARS-CoV-2 is a highly conserved enzyme responsible for viral genome replication/transcription. Here we investigate computationally natural non-cognate vs cognate nucleotide addition cycle (NAC) and intrinsic nucleotide selectivity during the viral RdRp elongation, focusing prechemically from initial nucleotide substrate binding (enzyme active site open) to insertion (active site closed) of RdRp in contrast with one-step only substrate binding process. Current studies have been first carried out using microsecond ensemble equilibrium all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Due to slow conformational changes (from the open to closed) accompanying nucleotide insertion and selection, enhanced or umbrella sampling methods have been further employed to calculate free energy profiles of the non-cognate NTP insertion. Our studies show notable stability of noncognate dATP and GTP upon initial binding in the active-site open state. The results indicate that while natural cognate ATP and Remdesivir drug analogue (RDV-TP) are biased to be stabilized in the closed or insertion state, the natural non-cognate dATP and GTP can be well trapped in off-path initial binding configurations. Current work thus presents an intrinsic nucleotide selectivity mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp for natural substrate fidelity control in viral genome replication.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.01.555996v1" target="_blank">Trapping non-cognate nucleotide upon initial binding for replication fidelity control in SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Sensitivity of BA.2.86 to prevailing neutralising antibody responses</strong> -
<div>
A new SARS-CoV-2 variant, designated BA.2.86, has recently emerged with over 30 spike mutations relative to its parental BA.2, raising questions about its degree of resistance to neutralising antibodies. Using a spike-pseudotyped virus model we characterise neutralisation of BA.2.86 by clinically relevant monoclonal antibodies and by two cohorts of serum sampled from Stockholm, including both a recent cohort, and one sampled prior to the arrival of XBB in Sweden.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.02.556033v1" target="_blank">Sensitivity of BA.2.86 to prevailing neutralising antibody responses</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Multi-omics profiling reveals phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of neutrophils in COVID-19</strong> -
<div>
Background: Accumulating evidence has revealed unexpected phenotypic heterogeneity and diverse functions of neutrophils in several diseases. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can alter the leukocyte phenotype based on disease severity, including neutrophil activation in severe cases. However, the plasticity of neutrophil phenotypes and their relative impact on COVID-19 pathogenesis has not been well addressed. This study aimed to identify and validate the heterogeneity of neutrophils in COVID-19 and evaluate the phenotypic alterations for each subpopulation. Methods: We analyzed public single-cell RNA-seq, bulk RNA-seq, and human plasma proteome data from healthy donors and patients with COVID-19 to investigate neutrophil subpopulations and their response to disease pathogenesis. Results: We identified eight neutrophil subtypes, namely C1-C8, and found that they exhibited distinct features, including activation signatures and multiple enriched pathways. The neutrophil subtype C4 (DEFA1/1B/3+) associated with severe and fatal disease. Bulk RNA-seq and proteome dataset analyses using a cellular deconvolution approach validated the relative abundances of neutrophil subtypes and the expansion of C4 (DEFA1/1B/3+) in severe COVID-19 patients. Cell-cell communication analysis revealed representative ligand-receptor interactions among the identified neutrophil subtypes. Notably, the C4 (DEFA1/1B/3+) fraction showed transmembrane receptor expression of CD45 and CAP1 as well as the secretion of pro-platelet basic protein (PPBP). We further demonstrated the clinical potential of PPBP as a novel diagnostic biomarker for severe COVID-19. Conclusion: Our work has great value in terms of both clinical and public health as it furthers our understanding of the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of neutrophils and other cell populations in multiple diseases.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.02.556069v1" target="_blank">Multi-omics profiling reveals phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of neutrophils in COVID-19</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Reference materials for SARS-CoV-2 molecular diagnostic: validation of encapsulated synthetic RNAs for room temperature storage and shipping</strong> -
<div>
The Coronavirus pandemic unveiled the unprecedented need for diagnostic tests to rapidly detect the presence of pathogens in the population. Real-time RT-PCR and other nucleic acid amplification techniques are accurate and sensitive molecular techniques that necessitate positive controls. To meet this need, Twist Bioscience has developed and released synthetic RNA controls. However, RNA is an inherently unstable molecule needing cold storage and costly shipping and resource-intensive logistics. Imagene provides a solution to this problem by encapsulating dehydrated RNA inside metallic capsules filled with anhydrous argon, allowing room temperature and eco-friendly storage and shipping. Here, RNA controls produced by Twist were encapsulated (RNAshells) and distributed to several laboratories that used them for COVID-19 detection tests by amplification. One RT-LAMP procedure, four different RT-PCR devices and 6 different PCR kits were used. The amplification targets were genes E, N; RdRp, Sarbeco-E and Orf1a/b. RNA retrieval was satisfactory, and the detection was reproducible. RNA stability was checked by accelerated aging. The results for a 10-year equivalent storage time at 25C were not significantly different from those for unaged samples. This room temperature RNA stability is a great advantage because it allows the preparation and the distribution of large strategic batches which can be kept for a long time and used for standardization processes between detection sites. Moreover, it makes it possible also to use these controls as single use and in the field where large differences in temperature can occur. In conclusion, these encapsulated RNA controls processed at room temperature can be used as reference materials for SARS-Cov-2 virus and other pathogen detection.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.28.555008v1" target="_blank">Reference materials for SARS-CoV-2 molecular diagnostic: validation of encapsulated synthetic RNAs for room temperature storage and shipping</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>COVID-19 vaccines and autoimmune disorders: A scoping review protocol</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background - Two years into the global vaccination program, important questions about the association between COVID-19 vaccines and autoimmune diseases have arisen. A growing number of reports have documented associations between COVID-19 vaccination and autoimmunity, suggesting, for example, a causal link between vaccination and new-onset and/or relapsing autoimmune disorders such as type 1 diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Graves disease, and Hashimoto s thyroiditis. These autoimmune phenomena have occurred with various COVID-19 vaccines and research is required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and causal directions, for example, whether persons with no history of autoimmune disorders may experience them upon vaccination or persons with autoimmune disorders may experience exacerbation or new adverse events post-vaccination. Methods and analysis - Specific objectives of this scoping review will address the following questions: Can COVID-19 vaccination trigger and/or exacerbate autoimmune disorders? Are persons with autoimmune disorders at higher risk of experiencing additional autoimmune disorders? What are the mechanisms connecting autoimmune disorders with COVID-19 vaccination? Can COVID-19 vaccination interact with immunosuppressive therapy in persons with autoimmune disorders? Does the risk of autoimmune disorders following COVID-19 vaccination differ by vaccine type, age, gender, or other still unidentified characteristics (e.g., SES)? What is the consensus of care concerning COVID-19 vaccination in persons with autoimmune disorders and what evidence informs it? Our review will follow Arksey and O Malley s (2005) framework, enhanced by Levac et al. s team-based approach (2010), and adhering to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist. To capture the broadest range of perspectives on the phenomenon of interest, data will be synthesized through numerical summaries describing general characteristics of included studies and thematic analysis. Subgroup analysis of primary outcomes will be performed to compare findings according to 1) the previous existence of autoimmune disorder, 2) the presence of relevant co-morbidities, 3) vaccine type; and other relevant factors that we may encounter as the research proceeds. Significance - COVID-19 has triggered the largest vaccination campaign in history, targeting literally the global human community. Drug safety is a crucial aspect of any medical intervention, critical to a proper assessment of the balance of risks and benefits. Our investigation should yield information useful to improve medical and public health practice in multiple ways, including assisting in clinical decision-making, policy development, and ethical medical practice.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.03.23295001v1" target="_blank">COVID-19 vaccines and autoimmune disorders: A scoping review protocol</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Appraising the decision-making process concerning COVID-19 policy in postsecondary education in Canada: A critical scoping review protocol</strong> -
<div>
Responses to COVID-19 in Canadian postsecondary education have overhauled usual norms and practices, with policies of unclear rationale implemented under the pressure of a public health emergency. However, despite the unprecedented nature of these policies and their dramatic impact on millions of lives, the decision-making process leading to them has not been documented or appraised. Drawing from macro and micro theories of public policy, specifically the critical tradition in policy studies exemplified by Carol Bacchi’s approach “What is the problem represented to be” (WPR), we will conduct a scoping review of COVID-19 policies in Canadian postsecondary education, guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s framework for scoping reviews and by the team-based approach of Levan and colleagues. Data will include diverse and publicly available documents to capture multiple stakeholders’ perspectives on the phenomenon of interest, and will be retrieved from university, newsletter, and legal websites through combinations of search terms adapted to specific data types. Two reviewers will independently screen, chart, analyse and synthesize the data and disagreements will be resolved through full team discussion. By identifying, summarizing, and appraising the evidence, our review should inform practices that can contribute to effective and equitable public health policies in postsecondary institutions moving forward.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/u3e28/" target="_blank">Appraising the decision-making process concerning COVID-19 policy in postsecondary education in Canada: A critical scoping review protocol</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>COVID-19 vaccines and autoimmune disorders: A scoping review protocol</strong> -
<div>
Background Two years into the global vaccination program, important questions about the association between COVID-19 vaccines and autoimmune diseases have arisen. A growing number of reports have documented associations between COVID-19 vaccination and autoimmunity, suggesting, for example, a causal link between vaccination and new-onset and/or relapsing autoimmune disorders such as type 1 diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Graves disease, and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. These autoimmune phenomena have occurred with various COVID-19 vaccines and research is required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and causal directions, for example, whether persons with no history of autoimmune disorders may experience them upon vaccination or persons with autoimmune disorders may experience exacerbation or new adverse events post-vaccination. Methods and analysis Specific objectives of this scoping review will address the following questions: Can COVID-19 vaccination trigger and/or exacerbate autoimmune disorders? Are persons with autoimmune disorders at higher risk of experiencing additional autoimmune disorders? What are the mechanisms connecting autoimmune disorders with COVID-19 vaccination? Can COVID-19 vaccination interact with immunosuppressive therapy in persons with autoimmune disorders? Does the risk of autoimmune disorders following COVID-19 vaccination differ by vaccine type, age, gender, or other still unidentified characteristics (e.g., SES)? What is the consensus of care concerning COVID-19 vaccination in persons with autoimmune disorders and what evidence informs it? Our review will follow Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) framework, enhanced by Levac et al.’s team-based approach (2010), and adhering to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist. To capture the broadest range of perspectives on the phenomenon of interest, data will be synthesized through numerical summaries describing general characteristics of included studies and thematic analysis. Subgroup analysis of primary outcomes will be performed to compare findings according to 1) the previous existence of autoimmune disorder, 2) the presence of relevant co-morbidities, 3) vaccine type; and other relevant factors that we may encounter as the research proceeds. Significance COVID-19 has triggered the largest vaccination campaign in history, targeting literally the global human community. Drug safety is a crucial aspect of any medical intervention, critical to a proper assessment of the balance of risks and benefits. Our investigation should yield information useful to improve medical and public health practice in multiple ways, including assisting in clinical decision-making, policy development, and ethical medical practice.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/kc4be/" target="_blank">COVID-19 vaccines and autoimmune disorders: A scoping review protocol</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Live virus neutralizing antibodies against pre and post Omicron strains in food and retail workers in Quebec, Canada.</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Objectives. To assess the neutralization activity pre and post Omicron BA.1 emergence in a unique cohort of 280 vaccinated restaurant/bar, grocery and hardware store workers in Quebec, Canada. Methods. Participants were recruited during the emergence of Omicron BA.1 variant. The neutralizing activity of participant sera was assessed by microneutralization assay. Results. Serum neutralizing antibody (NtAb) titers of all participants against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain was comparable with the response against Delta variant, however, their response was significantly reduced against Omicron BA.1, BA2, BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5. The neutralizing response of each group of workers was similar. Individuals who received 2 doses of vaccine had significantly reduced NtAb titers against all SARS-CoV-2 strains compared to those infected and then vaccinated (≥ 1 dose), vaccinated (≥ 2 doses) and then infected, or those who received 3 doses of vaccine. Participants vaccinated with 2 or 3 doses of vaccine and then infected had the highest NtAb titers against all SARS-CoV-2 strains tested. Conclusion. We assessed for the first time the NtAb response in food and retail workers. Individuals infected after ≥ 2 doses of vaccine had the highest levels of NtAbs against Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5 variants and might be better protected against reinfection.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.03.23294976v1" target="_blank">Live virus neutralizing antibodies against pre and post Omicron strains in food and retail workers in Quebec, Canada.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Integrated antigenic and nucleic acid detection in single virions and virion-infected host-derived extracellular vesicles</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) led to the rapid development of novel assays to improve sensitivities for detecting the virion responsible for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Despite that, there have been over 767 million reported cases and over 6.9 million deaths worldwide. Therefore, tunable, sensitive, and high-throughput assays are warranted to control future outbreaks. Herein, we developed a tunable in situ assay to selectively sort virions and infected host-derived extracellular vesicles (IHD-EVs) and simultaneously detect their antigens and nucleic acid cargo at a single-particle resolution. The Biochip Antigen and RNA Assay (BARA<sup>TM</sup>) integrates positive immunoselection and infection dynamics to sort particles, immunofluorescence to detect antigens, and fluorescence in situ hybridization to detect nucleic acids. BARATM enhanced sensitivities by detecting biomolecular signatures at the single-particle level, enabling the detection of virions in asymptomatic patients, and genetic mutations in single SARS-CoV-2 virions. Furthermore, BARA<sup>TM</sup> revealed the continued long-term expression of virion-RNA in the IHD-EVs of post-acute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) patients. BARATM was validated on saliva (30 healthy donors and 33 symptomatic and 20 asymptomatic patients) and nasopharyngeal swabs (19 healthy donors and 40 patients), revealing a highly accurate diagnosis by simultaneously detecting the spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid-encoding RNA on single SARS-CoV-2 virions with sensitivities of 100 % and 95 %, respectively, and specificities of 100 % for both biofluids. Altogether, the single-particle detection of antigens and virion-RNA provides a tunable framework for the diagnosis, monitoring, and mutation screening of current and future outbreaks.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.31.23292825v1" target="_blank">Integrated antigenic and nucleic acid detection in single virions and virion-infected host-derived extracellular vesicles</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Pulmonary function and survival one year after dupilumab treatment of acute moderate to severe COVID-19: A follow up study from a Phase IIa trial</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: We previously conducted a Phase IIa randomized placebo-controlled trial of 40 subjects to assess the efficacy and safety of dupilumab use in those hospitalized with COVID-19 (NCT04920916). Based on our pre-clinical data suggesting downstream pulmonary dysfunction with COVID-19 induced type 2 inflammation, we contacted patients from our Phase IIa study at 1 year for assessment of Post Covid-19 Conditions (PCC). Methods: Subjects at 1 year after treatment underwent pulmonary function testing (PFTs), high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) imaging, symptom questionnaires, neurocognitive assessments, and serum immune biomarker analysis, with subject survival also monitored. The primary outcome was the proportion of abnormal PFTs, defined as an abnormal diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) or 6-minute walk testing (6MWT) at the 1-year visit. Results: Sixteen of the 29 one-year survivors consented to the follow up visit. We found that subjects who had originally received dupilumab were less likely to have abnormal PFTs compared to those who received placebo (Fishers exact p=0.011, adjusted p=0.058). We additionally found that 3 out of 19 subjects (16%) in the dupilumab group died by 1 year compared to 8 out of 21 subjects (38%) in the placebo group (log rank p=0.12). We did not find significant differences in neurocognitive testing, symptoms or CT chest imaging between treatment groups but observed evidence of reduced type 2 inflammation in those who received dupilumab. Conclusions: We observed evidence of reduced long-term morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 with dupilumab treatment during acute hospitalization when added to standard of care regimens.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.01.23293947v1" target="_blank">Pulmonary function and survival one year after dupilumab treatment of acute moderate to severe COVID-19: A follow up study from a Phase IIa trial</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Toward an Online System to Generate Tailored Infographics: Supporting the Health Information Sharing Needs of Community-Based Organizations</strong> -
<div>
Infographics are an engaging way to share health information with the public, but their relevance and appeal can be improved if they can be tailored to the language, culture, and information needs of their target audience. Digital tools are needed to make such tailoring feasible at scale, and to meet the needs of the community-based organizations (CBOs) that are well-situated to share health information with the public. Here, we describe our progress toward the development of the TailorVis Toolbox, an online system that facilitates infographic tailoring at the level of the CBO and the individual viewer. Incorporated within this project was the participatory design of infographics related to COVID-19 testing and vaccination. The system will be extended to numerous health topics in the future.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/8r2cm/" target="_blank">Toward an Online System to Generate Tailored Infographics: Supporting the Health Information Sharing Needs of Community-Based Organizations</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Therapeutic mitigation of measles-like immune amnesia and exacerbated disease after prior respiratory virus infections in ferrets</strong> -
<div>
After years of the COVID-19 pandemic, over 40 million children worldwide are at risk of measles due to delayed vaccination and temporary SARS-CoV-2 viral dominance. Acute measles has a case-fatality rate of ~1%, but most morbidity and mortality arise post-measles due to destruction of pre-existing immune memory by lymphotropic measles virus (MeV), a paramyxovirus of the Morbillivirus genus. MeV-induced immune amnesia is not mitigated by post-exposure vaccination and the impact of unrelated respiratory virus disease history on measles severity has not been defined. We used a lethal canine distemper virus (CDV)-ferret model as surrogate for human morbillivirus disease and employed the orally efficacious broad-spectrum paramyxovirus polymerase inhibitor GHP-88309 to establish measles treatment paradigms. Applying a receptor tropism-intact recombinant CDV with low lethality, we provide in vivo confirmation of the morbillivirus immune amnesia hypothesis and reveal an 8-day advantage of antiviral treatment versus therapeutic vaccination in preserving immune memory. Infection of ferrets with non-lethal influenza A virus (IAV) A/CA/07/2009 (H1N1) or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) four weeks prior to CDV caused exacerbated CDV disease that rapidly advanced to fatal hemorrhagic pneumonia associated with lung onslaught by commensal bacteria. RNAseq of BAL samples and lung tissue identified CDV-induced expression of trefoil factor (TFF) peptides, which was absent in animals pre-infected with IAV, thus highlighting that immune priming by unrelated respiratory viruses influences morbillivirus infection outcome. Non-invasive pulmonary ferret MRI revealed that severe outcomes of consecutive IAV/CDV infections were prevented by oral GHP-88309 treatment even when initiated after peak clinical signs of CDV. These findings validate the morbillivirus immune amnesia hypothesis, define treatment paradigms for measles, identify prior disease history as risk factor for exacerbated morbillivirus disease, and demonstrate that treating morbillivirus infection with direct-acting oral antivirals provides therapeutic benefit regardless of whether the time window to mitigate primary clinical signs of infection has closed.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.01.555992v1" target="_blank">Therapeutic mitigation of measles-like immune amnesia and exacerbated disease after prior respiratory virus infections in ferrets</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>THE EFFECT OF ARGININE AND GLUTAMINE ON COVID-19 PATIENTS OUTCOME: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Dietary Supplement: Neomune<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Universitas Sriwijaya;   M. Djamil General Hospital<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Phase 2/3 2nd Generation E1/E2B/E3-Deleted Adenoviral COVID-19 Vaccine: The TCELLVACCINE TRIAL</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: hAd5-S-Fusion+N-ETSD;   Biological: Placebo (0.9% (w/v) saline)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   ImmunityBio, Inc.<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>KAND567 Versus Placebo in Subjects Hospitalized With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: KAND567;   Drug: Microcrystalline cellulose<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Kancera AB<br/><b>Terminated</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Aerobic Training for Rehabilitation of Patients With Post Covid-19 Syndrome</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Post-COVID-19 Syndrome;   Long-COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: Aerobic Exercise Training<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of Witten/Herdecke;   Institut für Rehabilitationsforschung Norderney<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Pilot Clinical Evaluation of Astepro® Nasal Spray for Management of Early SARS-CoV-2 Infection</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Experimental: Primary Cohort;   Other: Placebo Comparator: Primary Cohort - Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University of Chicago<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Digital Health Literacy on COVID-19 for All: Co-creation and Evaluation of Interventions for Ethnic Minorities and Chinese People With Chronic Illnesses in Hong Kong</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Digital Health Literacy;   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: Digital health literacy intervention<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   The Hong Kong Polytechnic University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Comparative Immunogenicity of Concomitant vs Sequential mRNA COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccinations</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Influenza;   COVID-19;   Influenza Immunogencity;   COVID-19 Immunogenicity<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Simultaneous Vaccination (Influenza Vaccine and mRNA COVID booster);   Biological: Sequential Vaccination (Influenza vaccine then mRNA COVID booster);   Biological: Sequential Vaccination (mRNA COVID booster then Influenza vaccine)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Duke University;   Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;   Arizona State University;   University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center;   University of Pittsburgh;   Washington University School of Medicine;   Valleywise Health;   VA Northeast Ohio Health Care;   Senders Pediatrics<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effect of Pulmonary Rehabilitation Among Post-COVID-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Pulmonary Pathology<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: Pulmonary Rehabilitation<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Recovered From COVID-19 Pneumonia</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Bronchoalveolar Lavage<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Procedure: Bronchoalveolar Lavage<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Mohamed Abd Elmoniem Mohamed;   Marwa Salah Abdelrazek Ghanem;   Mohammad Khairy El-Badrawy;   Tamer Ali Elhadidy;   Dalia Abdellateif Abdelghany<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial of the Efficacy and Safety of Tianeptine in the Treatment of Covid Fog Symptoms in Patients After COVID-19.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Nervous System Diseases<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Tianeptine;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Military Institute od Medicine National Research Institute;   ABM Industries<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effects of Cognitive-behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Nurses With Post Covid-19 Condition</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Cognitive Behavioral Therapy<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: cognitive behavioral therapy<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Tri-Service General Hospital<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Effectiveness of Natural Resources for Reducing Stress</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Distress, Emotional;   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Combination Product: Balneotherapy plus complex;   Combination Product: Combined nature resources treatment;   Other: Nature therapy procedure<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Klaipėda University;   Research Council of Lithuania<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Complementary and Integrative Medicine as an Online Intervention in Patients With Post-covid Syndrome After COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Post-COVID Syndrome<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: Complementary and Integrative Medicine online intervention, routine care and book;   Behavioral: Routine care and book<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Charite University, Berlin, Germany<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pre-probiotic Supplementation for Post-covid Fatigue Syndrome</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Long COVID<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Dietary Supplement: Dietary Supplement: Experimental;   Dietary Supplement: Dietary Supplement: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study of Healthy Microbiome, Healthy Mind</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Critical Illness;   COVID-19;   PICS;   Cognitive Impairment;   Mental Health Impairment;   Weakness, Muscle;   Dysbiosis<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: Fermented Food Diet<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Mayo Clinic<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SELEX based aptamers with diagnostic and entry inhibitor therapeutic potential for SARS-CoV-2</strong> - Frequent mutation and variable immunological protection against vaccination is a common feature for COVID-19 pandemic. Early detection and confinement remain key to controlling further spread of infection. In response, we have developed an aptamer-based system that possesses both diagnostic and therapeutic potential towards the virus. A random aptamer library (~ 10^(17) molecules) was screened using systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) and aptamer R was identified as…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>High-CBD cannabis extracts inhibit the expression of proinflammatory factors via miRNA-mediated silencing in human small intestinal epithelial cells</strong> - The incidence of chronic inflammatory disorders and autoimmune diseases is rapidly growing. To date, the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has killed over 6,209,000 people globally, while no drug has been proven effective for the disease. Screening natural anti-inflammatory compounds for clinical application has drawn much attention. In this study, we showed that high-CBD cannabis extracts #1, #5, #7, #169, and #317 suppressed the levels of expression of proinflammatory cyclooxygenase 2…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Plant flavonoid inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 main protease and viral replication</strong> - Plant-based flavonoids have been evaluated as inhibitors of β-coronavirus replication and as therapies for COVID-19 on the basis of their safety profile and widespread availability. The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) has been implicated as a target for flavonoids in silico. Yet no comprehensive in vitro testing of flavonoid activity against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro has heretofore been performed. We screened 1,019 diverse flavonoids for their ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Multiple…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Combating pan-coronavirus infection by indomethacin through simultaneously inhibiting viral replication and inflammatory response</strong> - Severe infections with coronaviruses are often accompanied with hyperinflammation, requiring therapeutic strategies to simultaneously tackle the virus and inflammation. By screening a safe-in-human broad-spectrum antiviral agents library, we identified that indomethacin can inhibit pan-coronavirus infection in human cell and airway organoids models. Combining indomethacin with oral antiviral drugs authorized for treating COVID-19 results in synergistic anti-coronavirus activity. Coincidentally,…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Assessing the outcomes of prescribing angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for COVID-19 patients</strong> - CONCLUSION: Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system had no effect on the mortality of patients with COVID-19 and on their overall disease progression. However, it may be beneficial not to stop these medications as they decrease inflammation in the body and the levels of troponin, which are related to increased stress on the heart.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Deadly interactions: synergistic manipulations of concurrent pathogen infections potentially enabling future pandemics</strong> - Certain monoinfections of influenza viruses and novel coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are significant threats to human health. Concurrent infections by influenza viruses and coronaviruses increases their threat. Influenza viruses have eight manipulations capable of assisting SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses, and several of these manipulations, which are not specific to viruses, can also directly or indirectly boost dangerous secondary…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>An evolutionarily conserved strategy for ribosome binding and host translation inhibition by β-coronavirus non-structural protein 1</strong> - An important pathogenicity factor of SARS-CoV-2 and related coronaviruses is Non-structural protein 1 (Nsp1), which suppresses host gene expression and stunts antiviral signaling. SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 binds the ribosome to inhibit translation through mRNA displacement and induces degradation of host mRNAs. Here we show that Nsp1-dependent host shutoff is conserved in diverse coronaviruses, but only Nsp1 from β-Coronaviruses (β-CoV) inhibits translation through ribosome binding. The C-terminal domain…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein induces necroptosis and mediates inflammatory response in lung and colon cells through receptor interacting protein kinase 1</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 Envelope protein (E) is one of the crucial components in virus assembly and pathogenesis. The current study investigated its role in the SARS-CoV-2-mediated cell death and inflammation in lung and gastrointestinal epithelium and its effect on the gastrointestinal-lung axis. We observed that transfection of E protein increases the lysosomal pH and induces inflammation in the cell. The study utilizing Ethidium bromide/Acridine orange and Hoechst/Propidium iodide staining demonstrated…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Structure and function of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 main proteases and their inhibition: A comprehensive review</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) identified in 2003 infected ∼8000 people in 26 countries with 800 deaths, which was soon contained and eradicated by syndromic surveillance and enhanced quarantine. A closely related coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19 identified in 2019, has been dramatically more contagious and catastrophic. It has infected and caused various flu-like symptoms of billions of people in &gt;200 countries, including &gt;6 million…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Antimicrobial effect of oral care gel containing hinokitiol and 4-isopropyl-3-methylphenol against intraoral pathogenic microorganisms</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that oral care gel-containing hinokitiol and IPMP has strong biofilm formation inhibitory activity, as well as antifungal and antimicrobial effects against Candida fungi and multiple intraoral pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, it may be a promising treatment option for oral infections.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Inhibition of the Cellular Deubiquitinase UCHL1 Suppresses SARS-CoV-2 Replication</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Hybrid molecules based on an emodin scaffold. Synthesis and activity against SARS-CoV-2 and <em>Plasmodium</em></strong> - Since the Covid-19 epidemic, it has been clear that the availability of small and affordable drugs that are able to efficiently control viral infections in humans is still a challenge in medicinal chemistry. The synthesis and biological activities of a series of hybrid molecules that combine an emodin moiety and other structural moieties expected to act as possible synergistic pharmacophores in a single molecule were studied. Emodin has been reported to block the entry of the SARS-CoV-2 virus…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The molecular mechanism of non-covalent inhibitor WU-04 targeting SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro and computational evaluation of its effectiveness against mainstream coronaviruses</strong> - There is an urgent need for highly effective therapeutic agents to interrupt the continued spread of SARS-CoV-2. As a pivotal protease in the replication process of coronaviruses, the 3CLpro protein is considered as a potential target of drug development to stop the spread and infection of the virus. In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to elucidate the molecular mechanism of a novel and highly effective non-covalent inhibitor, WU-04, targeting the SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The use of <em>Ephedra</em> herbs in the treatment of COVID-19</strong> - CONCLUSION: Some plants used in traditional medicine, including the Ephedra herbs, with their active compounds, can be considered a candidate with high potential for the control and prevention of COVID-19.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Integrated network pharmacology analysis and in vitro validation revealed the underlying mechanism of Xiyanping injection in treating coronavirus disease 2019</strong> - CONCLUSION: Through effective network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking, this study suggests that XYP contains many effective compounds that may target COVID-19 related signaling pathways. Moreover, the in vitro experiment confirmed that XYP could inhibit the cytokine storm by regulating genes or proteins related to immune and inflammatory responses.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Virtual-Reality School as the Ultimate School Choice</strong> - The conservative education activist Erika Donalds envisions a world where parents unsatisfied with their public schools can opt out by putting their kids in a headset. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-education/virtual-reality-school-as-the-ultimate-school-choice">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Twilight of Mitch McConnell and the Spectre of 2024</strong> - On the dangerous reign of the octogenarians. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-bidens-washington/the-twilight-of-mitch-mcconnell-and-the-spectre-of-2024">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Texas’s Dying Swimming Holes</strong> - Taking a dip in the summer was as central to the state’s identity as barbecue and Willie Nelson. Then came a population boom and climate change. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-the-southwest/texass-dying-swimming-holes">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Can Teachers and Parents Get Better at Talking to One Another?</strong> - Families are more anxious than ever to find out what happens in school. But there may be value in a measure of not-knowing and not-telling. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-education/can-teachers-and-parents-get-better-at-talking-to-one-another">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mark Thompson, CNN’s New White Knight</strong> - After a turbulent year under new ownership, the cable news network is hoping that Mark Thompson, a veteran of the Times and the BBC, can turn things around. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-communications/cnns-new-white-knight-mark-thompson">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Zadie Smith on the problem of the good white woman</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/w7Tgd5wjDCljMRp4E14-pa8ZQNw=/0x0:1875x1406/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72612238/9780525558965.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
<em>The Fraud</em> by Zadie Smith. | Penguin Press
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</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The Fraud, a Victorian novel for the post-Trump era, is elegant, flawed, and sharp as a knife.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fIPXR1">
Midway through Zadie Smith’s elegant new novel <a href="https://bookshop.org/p/books/the-fraud-zadie-smith/19427896"><em>The Fraud</em></a>, Smith offers us a striking description. She’s writing about the man at the center of a court case, currently appearing before a crowd at a rally being held in his name.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eafSgf">
“One saw at once that here was a man who moved as the wind moved,” Smith writes, in the cool, gently judgmental prose that characterizes <em>The Fraud</em>. “A man with no centre, who might be nudged in any direction, depending. The watery eyes plainly revealed he was out of his depth. But then, too, that he enjoyed this crowd and was willing to believe in their belief if they after all felt so strongly. … In fact, if it came to that, he <em>did</em> believe! In fact, it was an outrage that anyone could doubt him! And yet: what if they found him out?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rhwUGX">
The paragraph is the most precise and most damning portrait of <a href="https://www.vox.com/donald-trump">Donald Trump</a>’s psyche that I have yet read: the hollowness, the complacency, the knowledge of one’s own inadequacy that is too frightening to ever be looked at in the light of day. It is not, however, officially about Trump.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1pTEfb">
The man Smith is describing here is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tichborne_case">a true historical figure</a> who spent much of the 1860s and ’70s trying to prove that he was Sir Roger Tichborne, the son of a baron. He was in fact almost certainly (as Smith’s point-of-view character well knows) a butcher of no particular consequence named Arthur Orton. For Britain’s working classes, the Tichborne Claimant, as Orton was known, became a symbol of the working man at last making good, muscling his way into the ranks of the aristocracy. They loved him, mostly because he kept insisting that he was not one of them.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aNmsrf">
It is the Tichborne Claimant, with his love of a crowd, his skill at comedic repartee on the stand, his ability to embody a populist cause for which he himself has no particular loyalty, who is the clearest of the frauds in <em>The Fraud</em>, the first Zadie Smith novel to be written in the Trump years. But other, less obvious frauds populate the pages, whispering deceit to everyone around them, including themselves.
</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rBiIJV">
At the center of <em>The Fraud</em> is Mrs. Touchet, a stern and acid-tongued gentlewoman in reduced circumstances, working as a housekeeper for her deceased husband’s cousin. Mrs. Touchet’s employer, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Harrison_Ainsworth">William Ainsworth</a>, is a prolific and reportedly terrible Victorian novelist. At the height of his career, Ainsworth outsold Charles Dickens; within 30 years of his death, he’d become all but forgotten. Ainsworth is another of the clearer frauds of this novel: a hack writer masquerading as a literary man, maintaining friendships with other novelists who flatter his ego.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qgiK5s">
“Not infrequently, he wrote twenty pages in an afternoon,” Mrs. Touchet observes. “He always appeared entirely satisfied with every line.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BO7XEZ">
Mrs. Touchet is characteristically clear-eyed over Ainsworth’s writing ability, but she is affectionate toward him nonetheless. In their youth, they play with whips and tethers together; in old age, they bicker companionably. He is, she thinks, the only person in the world who truly knows her, because only he has known her through the whole 40-year scope of this novel.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wg6Zm7">
Yet Mrs. Touchet keeps secrets even from Ainsworth, both big and small. As his friend, she never tells him how much she dislikes his writing. As his housekeeper, she manages him with a vast slew of tiny white lies to keep him from making choices she herself finds inconvenient. Most importantly, she never tells Ainsworth that she was in love with his dead wife, Frances, and that she went to bed with Frances, too.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7uE4B1">
It is her secret attraction for other women that Mrs. Touchet considers to be her own fraud, one she can never reveal to anyone else. Otherwise, Mrs. Touchet tries to live a life authentic to her conscience. She is a political progressive: a feminist, an abolitionist, a radical Catholic who campaigns to end British slavery and rolls her eyes at the complacent liberalism of Ainsworth and his wealthy writer friends. With her sardonic, intelligent voice, she is a thoroughly lovable protagonist, a character it’s easy to identify with.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vmwpfG">
Smith, however, makes it clear that Mrs. Touchet has been unable to thoroughly internalize all her laudable political beliefs. Her fraudulence becomes most clear in the most fascinating section of <em>The Fraud</em>, when Mrs. Touchet becomes obsessed with a formerly enslaved Jamaican man named Andrew Bogle, a witness in the trial of the Tichborne Claimant.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="P9vK3R">
Bogle is one of the only figures admired on both sides of the Tichborne dispute, and the one everyone agrees has been hard done by, both within the novel and historically. He used to be a servant in the Tichborne home, and now he’s testifying that he recognizes the Claimant as Sir Roger. By so testifying, he’s lost the pension the family guaranteed him. Reporters on both sides emphasize Bogle’s innate nobility, how clear it is that in a world of frauds, Bogle is an honest and straightforward man who has gained nothing by testifying.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="x7GiPd">
Mrs. Touchet sees, in Bogle’s palpable honesty, a match for her beloved lost Frances. She starts to follow him. She will not let up until Bogle tells her his story, which at last he does in a long, searing interlude that takes up the central third of <em>The Fraud</em>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wFGt9s">
Bogle’s story begins with his father’s capture and enslavement at age 10. It tracks the brutal regime of life on a Jamaican sugar plantation, the violence, the maiming. Bogle is pulled off the plantation to work as a valet at age 16 more or less by sheer luck; he finds out he’s free when the man he works for casually tells him he’s going to be added to the payroll. When he makes it to England, life becomes less violent but still brutal, free of respect or love.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DizhlT">
Mrs. Touchet sees Bogle’s life story as the revelation of a great truth: The problem of Jamaica is alive and present in England, too. “It was and had always been everywhere, like weather,” Mrs. Touchet marvels. She is overwhelmed by Bogle’s tale, and she imagines that they have formed a great intimacy. If he has confided so much in her, surely he understands that she is a good white person?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Qbjm1F">
Bogle, however, is unmoved by Mrs. Touchet. He feels no particular closeness to her. He tells her his story because he is honest, but he has no interest in the pieties of her political beliefs.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oRpy95">
Meanwhile, Mrs. Touchet shrinks away from direct physical contact with Black people. She finds herself willing to overlook her own political beliefs when they become particularly inconvenient to her. Her fraudulence emerges slowly, and then all at once, all the more upsetting because Mrs. Touchet means so well and thinks so hard.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TnEAT0">
<em>The Fraud</em> is a more successful Zadie Smith novel than her 2016 outing <em>Swing Time</em>, which contained striking images and interesting ideas but was hampered by a deliberate lack of center. The heart of <em>The Fraud</em> is flawed, charismatic Mrs. Touchet, who is so intelligent and yet not quite intelligent enough to see all the ways she fails herself.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RdLeez">
Still, the three stories of this novel never quite cohere into one grand piece. We hop back and forth between the Tichborne case and the Ainsworth house and Bogle’s story without ever quite finding any connective tissue outside the pleasure of seeing the world through Mrs. Touchet’s sardonic eyes; that, and the petty workaday horror of fraud after fraud after fraud.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2M9SvL">
In our own fraudulent age, with our man with no center making his way back to the front of his beloved crowds for another presidential campaign — well, there’s so much joy in watching Zadie Smith deconstruct a lie that the flaws in this book might not matter all that much. There’s enough that works.
</p></li>
<li><strong>Is public school as we know it ending?</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Young students sit at white desks in a classroom while a teacher gives instructions from one side of the room." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/_bmKzcr37ltZNBpuwefgnbOzKj8=/143x0:4242x3074/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72612123/1649087064.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
A fourth grade class at Garfield Elementary School in Long Beach, California, on the first day of school on August 30, 2023. | Brittany Murray/MediaNews Group/Long Beach Press-Telegram via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Private school vouchers lost a lot of battles, but they may have won the war.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Mspzjg">
As the new school year kicks off, education advocates are bracing for continued attacks on America’s public schools. Yet despite the ongoing culture wars schools have faced<strong> </strong>in recent years,<strong> </strong>pollsters find that <a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/2023/7/25/23806247/parents-schools-covid-anger-polling-satisfaction">parents still generally like their kids’ schools</a>, and most of the political opposition has come from those without kids in the public school system.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5kWEm6">
<a href="https://www.chalkbeat.org/authors/cara-fitzpatrick">Cara Fitzpatrick</a>, a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and editor at Chalkbeat, is the author of <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Death-Public-School-Conservatives-Education/dp/1541646770#:~:text=%22The%20Death%20of%20Public%20School,who%20have%20shaped%20this%20war."><em>The Death of Public School: How Conservatives Won the War Over Education in America</em></a>, a book coming out next week that traces the history of the fight to define what “public education” means and who gets to decide. She lays out in clarifying detail the patient strategy conservatives embraced to expand their vision for schooling in America, establishing small school choice programs and then using those experiments to push the boundaries of state and federal law.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6cJUfU">
Senior policy reporter Rachel Cohen talked with Fitzpatrick about the trajectory of school vouchers as an idea and the future of public schooling in the US. Their conversation has been lightly edited and condensed for clarity.
</p>
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="Wy6YuK"/>
<h4 id="hRjzTY">
Rachel Cohen
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5Szdpj">
Your book does a very good job of showing how the boundaries between church and state have eroded over the last few decades, and why the legal arguments for private school vouchers have gotten stronger as a result. I think many readers will be surprised to learn all of this, so emphatically have we been taught that there’s a separation between religion and public institutions.
</p>
<h4 id="8Fv1jR">
Cara Fitzpatrick
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hnSvkK">
When I started doing the research, I thought there was going to be this very clear line between church and state, but the legal history was murkier, which is why then we’ve seen this progression of cases more recently leaning more toward the religious liberty side of things. One of the questions I often get asked is, “Well, how can you give money to a religious school?” And it’s like, “Here’s 40, 50, 70 years of case law that kind of explains it.” But if you’re not following all those cases, most people find that to be pretty confusing.
</p>
<h4 id="kPYNMX">
Rachel Cohen
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IjCJzH">
Yeah, there’s always been a small legal window, and over time conservatives have cleaved that open wider. But we had basically been taught in schools that it was a firm, unchanging boundary.
</p>
<h4 id="Rv1ooA">
Cara Fitzpatrick
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4P57px">
And there have been justices on the Supreme Court who have spoken to the fact that it’s just this tricky area of law, and has been tricky for a long time. And then watching where the Court has gone <a href="https://www.vox.com/scotus/2023/8/13/23822822/supreme-court-establishment-clause-church-state-separation-carson-bremerton">recently with the Establishment Clause</a> has been kind of wild, actually, because it’s pretty far from where they were when some of these early school voucher cases were litigated. I think it’s gone even farther than school choice advocates thought it would.
</p>
<h4 id="pzeUmO">
Rachel Cohen
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="C9LnC2">
Where would you say things are today?
</p>
<h4 id="hNcwAN">
Cara Fitzpatrick
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3LhGrA">
I think it’s pretty clear that the Supreme Court’s conservative majority has been ruling in favor of religious liberty — not just in school choice cases but in a variety of cases — and I think the window is open for it to go even further than it has. I mean, I’m really interested in where it’s going to go with the religious charter school issue that’s coming out of Oklahoma. I don’t want to predict how that will go, but I think <a href="https://www.vox.com/scotus/2023/8/13/23822822/supreme-court-establishment-clause-church-state-separation-carson-bremerton">it seems like there’s definitely some room</a> to believe that the conservative majority might eventually sign off on that.
</p>
<h4 id="kEwRb3">
Rachel Cohen
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VX6JTi">
Private school vouchers have <a href="https://www.k12dive.com/news/three-states-universal-school-vouchers/641909/">been picking up steam lately</a>, making political gains in recent years. What were some of the most surprising things you learned about the history of school vouchers, and what, if anything, about that history feels important to understanding the programs we’re seeing today?
</p>
<h4 id="GijH9P">
Cara Fitzpatrick
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lQSXaw">
One of the things that was interesting for me to grapple with was that in the 1950s and ’60s, segregationists in the South essentially used the idea of school vouchers to thwart <em>Brown v. Board of Education. </em>But then in the 1990s and 2000s, school choice advocates argued this was a civil rights issue. So I’ve been trying to sort out and make connections between those two eras.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Y0pvOq">
One of the main figures in the book is Polly Williams, who was a Black state representative in Wisconsin who very much viewed vouchers as a tool of empowerment for low-income kids, and particularly low-income kids of color. Her involvement in that issue was really fascinating and kind of linked those two periods in a way. Williams had fears that vouchers would become sort of what they’ve become today: subsidies for everyone, regardless of income.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Q14Qh8">
I think one of the things I really wanted to do with the book was not take a hard and fast position on school choice or on school vouchers, but give someone who might come across a headline about universal school vouchers a way to understand how we got here.
</p>
<h4 id="QlfSb4">
Rachel Cohen
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="title">
The title of your book is <em>The Death of Public School: How Conservatives Won the War Over Education in America.</em> I hear you on not wanting to take a clear position on vouchers or choice, but I think conservatives may argue it’s simply a new era of public school, not the death of it. I wanted to invite you to talk more about your title.
</p>
<h4 id="mckyzz">
Cara Fitzpatrick
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WfcsPw">
I think the title and subtitle will please no one. But for me, I think it raises that question, right? Does this spell the end for the public school system? That’s something that I had to grapple with throughout because, even just a few years ago, <a href="https://charterschoolcapital.com/blog/school-choice-makes-traditional-public-schools-better/">it was very much a talking point</a> from school choice advocates that choice can help drive improvements to traditional public schools. But then in the last couple of years we’ve seen some pretty aggressive attacks on public education by Republicans and the rhetoric has definitely become more extreme, referring to schools as “government indoctrination camps” and things like that. A few prominent conservative school choice advocates <a href="https://www.heritage.org/education/report/time-the-school-choice-movement-embrace-the-culture-war">have pretty openly said</a> we should really use these school culture wars to push the movement forward.
</p>
<h4 id="XgFoju">
Rachel Cohen
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zmNWTx">
Based on your research, do you see any sort of path for the more liberal, progressive vision of public education to mount a comeback? Is there any sort of competing strategy in the courts or politics?
</p>
<h4 id="pDMNEv">
Cara Fitzpatrick
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="slYrpk">
It’s hard to predict. The book is landing — just coincidentally — at this moment in time when school choice is dominating the news cycle and “parental rights” are all over the place. But even just a few years ago, I remember in 2017 a couple people saying to me, “Well, aren’t school vouchers dead?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0ZWMC5">
Education can really change in a short period of time. It does feel to me like Milton Friedman’s side of the debate on the free-market vision for vouchers has really eclipsed what Polly Williams and some of the more progressive voices were about. But I think some of this may depend on how the new choice programs actually play out, including whether people take states up on these universal voucher programs.
</p>
<h4 id="CtcX6W">
Rachel Cohen
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="b3IPHW">
Is the lesson here to just stick with a political goal for 50 or 60 years and then eventually you might win?
</p>
<h4 id="hmFW7N">
Cara Fitzpatrick
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nH1h8X">
Maybe! It is really fascinating: On vouchers, conservatives have played the long game and it seems to have worked out pretty well for them.
</p>
<h4 id="7bepBx">
Rachel Cohen
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JL0Vyl">
There’s often this debate over whether charters or vouchers or tax credit scholarships result in better academic outcomes for students, either through competition or simply by injecting the power of “privateness” into the equation. Did your book lead you to any conclusions or clarity on those questions?
</p>
<h4 id="Jlc2x6">
Cara Fitzpatrick
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TMo0Mq">
I think there’s a pretty solid amount of research at this point — not about universal vouchers, since that’s still kind of new and uncharted territory — but on some of these voucher programs that have existed for a long time. And what researchers <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/articles/more-findings-about-school-vouchers-and-test-scores-and-they-are-still-negative/">have found</a> is that the programs haven’t lived up to the promise of what the early advocates wanted or assumed would happen. I think there was this belief that private schools were just sort of inherently better than public schools, so if you just got more kids in private then all those kids would do better. A lot of the major research studies have shown either the same results for test scores between public and private, or actually a decline in private. And then there’s been a little bit of research on some other life outcomes that have been positive, like showing kids in some of these voucher programs are <a href="https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/pubs/20104018/index.asp">more likely to graduate</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="75F2LV">
There are a lot of studies out there, some far less rigorous than others, and I think wading through all that can be a little intimidating. What I believe and I wanted the book to show is that this debate in America is really more about values than about outcomes.
</p>
<h4 id="mYuut8">
Rachel Cohen
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="G5L4qR">
We’re in a moment when the conservative legal movement is at its strongest on school choice and teacher unions are in a very weakened position. Can you talk about the role you saw unions play in accelerating or slowing down these policies? How much do you think it matters today that unions are in a less powerful position?
</p>
<h4 id="Zuh05i">
Cara Fitzpatrick
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vCstBm">
Unions were typically opponents of school choice programs, but I didn’t get into the role of specific union leaders in the book with the exception of [former American Federation of Teachers president] Albert Shanker, since he was sort of outside the mold of what a lot of union leaders were saying. But I didn’t see unions’ opposition making a huge difference for the most part. Mostly they become convenient scapegoats in the partisan conversations.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="56gzWY">
With teacher unions, what’s interesting is that a lot of their fears about where the programs would go seem to have come true. Unions warned from the start that this was not in fact going to be just a little experiment, that these programs are not going to be just limited to disadvantaged students, and now we are seeing these universal programs pass.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="01wyuh">
Unions have played pivotal roles in different places and in moments of time in blocking or slowing school choice<strong>,</strong> but ultimately I don’t think that they were necessarily going to<strong> </strong>stop all of this. They stopped some of it. A lot of voucher proposals failed. It’s just that enough of them passed to have this toehold over time.
</p></li>
<li><strong>Will I just keep spending more and more money forever?</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A small figure holds up a huge collection of oversize belongings." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/vuPEQL4SHQAzBA_lJxjQiJZgVIk=/240x0:1680x1080/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72609296/OnTheMoney_8_31.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Paige Vickers/Vox
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
How to cope with both inflation and lifestyle creep.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IBtRo9">
<em>On the Money is a new monthly advice column written by Nicole Dieker, a </em><a href="https://www.vox.com/personal-finance"><em><strong>personal finance</strong></em></a><em> expert who’s been writing about money for over a decade. For Vox’s Money Talks interview column, she’s written stories about couples who run </em><a href="https://www.vox.com/even-better/23569412/money-talk-small-business-six-kids"><em><strong>small businesses</strong></em></a><em>, navigate </em><a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22722672/money-talks-couple-different-backgrounds"><em><strong>different relationships with spending</strong></em></a><em>, handle </em><a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2019/12/10/21003110/money-talks-health-insurance-self-employment"><em><strong>health insurance</strong></em></a><em>, and more. If you want advice on spending, saving, or investing — or any of the complicated emotions that may come up as you prepare to make big financial decisions — you can </em><a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScXuTsmpi2VQ6ZoRVEeHrgBSpkPkWSRWDH4zeY_TMBtPAhc4w/viewform"><em><strong>submit your question on this form</strong></em></a><em>. Here, we answer two questions asked by Vox readers, which have been edited and condensed.</em>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XcYXCz">
<strong>I’m a single man in my late 20s. Every month, I rent one room of a shared house in a high-cost-of-living city for $1,050, have a $72 commuting-to-work expense (covered by my employer), spend about $60 on games and a gaming PC, $300 on food, $300 on going out (dancing and the like), $200 on travel (averaged out, very spiky) and $250 on other incidentals (health care costs after employer-provided insurance, clothing, presents, and gifts, etc.). That’s about $2,250, and from my perspective, I live an indulgent and sybaritic lifestyle that still allows me to pay my taxes, donate 10 percent of my income, and save aggressively.</strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iIxzSd">
<strong>I know that some of my peers have to pay off </strong><a href="https://www.vox.com/student-loan-debt"><strong>student loans</strong></a><strong>, but for many of them, it seems to be more than that. I’m worried that lifestyle creep, or whatever it is that happens to them, will affect me as well. How can I watch out for it? Where is it most likely to come from? </strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HHj5V3">
I don’t know if you will ever become the type of person who spends more than he earns. It looks like you’ve already identified your key financial values — saving aggressively for the future, donating money so other people can have a better future as well — and those are the kinds of behaviors that tend to stick over the course of a lifetime.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="te6tad">
That said, I can almost guarantee that you will spend more in the future than you are spending right now.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iSQZW8">
Why? Because someday you’re going to decide you’re tired of living with a rotating cast of roommates, or you’re going to make the kind of career move that requires you to spend more than $50 per month on clothing, or you’re going to meet the kind of person who becomes an integral part of your life and connects you to all kinds of new family members who all require gifts, travel, food, going out, and so on.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kSrT9M">
Lifestyle creep happens when we change the way we live — and even if you plan on living like a single 20-something man for the rest of your life, spending your sybaritic, indulgent days gaming and dancing, that’s probably not going to happen.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RKQ2UO">
So start asking yourself where you want to be in five years, and then ask yourself what’s likely to happen to your friends and family during the same time period. Do you have a sibling who is likely to have a child, for example? Bump up your travel and gift budget. Start setting aside cash for your friends’ weddings — because they’re going to happen, and some of them will be destination weddings, and many of them will take place <a href="https://www.vox.com/even-better/23410669/wedding-guest-etiquette-empathy-afford-money-time">during the same year</a> — and if there’s any possibility that you might end up planning a wedding of your own, ask yourself how much you might want to spend on the celebration.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lM6B65">
Next, take a look at where you are in your career and where you might need to move (literally and figuratively) to achieve your five-year career goals. I suspect you value work-life balance as much as you value a balanced budget, so I’m going to let you know something in advance: At a certain point, you’ll probably end up with the kind of work-life balance that is incompatible with a room in a shared house. First because you’ll need the stability that comes with having a space of your own, and second because you may want to use your living space for entertaining family, friends, and colleagues. You’re the kind of person who will probably <a href="https://www.vox.com/even-better/23436672/how-to-start-cooking-beginner-guide">get into cooking</a>, since it’s a great way to save money, and you could end up being the star of your office’s annual potluck.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zeK7Gt">
If that’s the kind of life you’re likely to have, it might mean setting aside money for a down payment. Furniture. A new HVAC unit, sometime in the next five years. Maybe a car, if you don’t already have one, which means insurance and tires and oil changes and paying to keep the thing clean enough to drive it into the office parking lot without having your employer wonder whether the amount of bird shit on your car suggests that you don’t have your shit together.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="awRzbf">
That, by the way, is why people spend so much. The amount of money it takes to keep our shit together goes up as we get older — even if you successfully maintain the kind of lifestyle that is built around saving, donating to charity, enjoying the occasional indulgence, and acquiring as few unnecessary possessions as possible.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ja5PrR">
And yes, it will happen to you.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MPIVN9">
Get ready.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9XGz3M">
<strong>How are other millennials coping with the cost-of-living crisis?</strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gQToO5">
I’m going to assume that by “millennials,” you mean “people my age.” You probably aren’t the 20-something in the shared house from the previous letter; you’re the 30-something or 40-something who is trying to maintain a home (whether you’re buying or renting) while skipping vacations, <a href="https://www.vox.com/even-better/23465536/cooking-food-inflation-grocery-prices">spending as little as you can on groceries</a>, and trying to figure out if there’s an even cheaper phone plan out there somewhere.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="x9aRMG">
The 20-something who wrote the first letter might not yet understand what it’s like to be financially responsible for sewer backups and school lunches and making sure you’re dressed for the job you want, even if you only wear the top half of your outfit during Zoom calls. Twenty-somethings, even the ones who save aggressively and donate 10 percent of their income to charity, haven’t been budgeting long enough to notice that we’re all spending a lot more than we used to — and <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/23529587/consumer-goods-quality-fast-fashion-technology">getting a lot less</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zAH553">
On the one hand, that lack of comparative knowledge could be a plus. Imagine if you never did any of your own shopping until you became an adult, and then you went to the grocery store for the first time and <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2022/3/2/22956966/inflation-explained-by-eggs">a dozen eggs cost $3.50</a>. “This must be what eggs cost,” you’d think. Then you’d figure out how to include eggs in your budget.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="196WSb">
That is, unfortunately, the same advice I have for you and for all millennials. The way we cope with the cost-of-living crisis is by looking it in the face and accepting it as reality.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NJOwgZ">
This is what things cost right now.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="X8lcdO">
If you are in a situation where things — eggs, houses, Zoom-appropriate workwear — cost more than you can afford to pay, here are your options:
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NG3TXy">
<strong>Earn more.</strong> Easier said than done, but very worth doing.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NBCtNT">
<strong>Spend less.</strong> A little easier to do (since there’s always at least one subscription service to cut), but saving $10 or $20 or even $100 every month probably won’t solve the bigger problem.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7LG6uR">
<strong>Move to a lower-cost-of-living area.</strong> <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2019/3/26/18255131/moving-midwest-cedar-rapids">That’s what I did back in 2017</a>, and I moved to an even lower-cost-of-living area in 2020. Bought a house at 2 percent interest; bought a car with cash. (I know this won’t work for everybody, especially if your family or your career ties you to a specific part of the country, but at least one of the millennials reading this column should seriously consider it.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="q7cq46">
<strong>Practice aggressive debt management.</strong> Accept that you’re going to go into consumer debt. Build a sterling credit score (on-time payments will get you most of the way there). Get very good at shuffling your balances between 0 percent intro APR cards. If you can snag a personal loan at 6 percent interest, use it to pay off your cards in full. Rinse, lather, never miss a payment.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3TOc8G">
<strong>Share the cost of living with others.</strong> <a href="https://www.vox.com/ad/22336923/multigenerational-living-home-buying-realtor">Multigenerational housing</a> is a thing! So are roommates, carpools, and community gardens. Even simple day-to-day activities like trading child care or casseroles or Zoom-appropriate workwear with a friend or neighbor can help mitigate some of the rising costs of living.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FkQOuv">
<strong>Start preparing for where you want to be in five years.</strong> Hey, it’s the same advice I gave the first letter-writer! Figure out where you might want to go in your career, especially if you can position yourself toward a higher-paying job, and figure out what you need to do to get there. Ask yourself what milestones your loved ones are likely to experience, and start setting aside the money you’ll need to cover them. Cut another subscription. Get off social media. <a href="https://www.vox.com/even-better/2023/8/10/23824235/how-to-invest-money-stock-market-investing-retirement-advice">Invest in what matters</a>, and try to choose the kinds of investments — family, career, community — that offer the biggest returns.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oNXpZk">
And remember: If eggs get too expensive, you can always substitute unsweetened applesauce.
</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Fast Rain, Decacorn and The Sovereign Orb impress</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Saigon, Fondness Of You, Loch Lomond, Golden Time, Eridani and The King N I excel</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Indian women finish sixth</strong> - Sports Bureau</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Indian squad for ICC Men’s Cricket World Cup 2023 announced</strong> - India picks seven batters, four bowlers, and four all-rounders for the ODI World Cup.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Quinton de Kock’s India series participation ‘in doubt’ after BBL signing</strong> - De Kock, who was signed up by the Melbourne Renegades for the BBL, is scheduled to participate in the tournament that overalps with the India series slated from December 10-21.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Jayakumar asks why Stalin is not insisting on making D. Raja or Thol. Thirumavalavan INDIA’s convener</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Residents want free access to government parks, gardens in Udhagamandalam for morning walks</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Arrested T.N. Minister Senthilbalaji’s continuation in Cabinet does not augur well: Madras High Court</strong> - Chief Justice S.V. Gangapurwala and Justice P.D. Audikesavalu say Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M.K. Stalin may take a call on his continuation in the light of the observations made by the court</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>‘Bharat’ instead of ‘India’ in President invite stirs debate on country’s name</strong> - Opposition leaders alleged that the shift to using the name “Bharat” instead of India could be a signal from the government that the special session of Parliament would be about some change in the name of the country</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>T.N. CM Stalin hands over Kalaignar Semmozhi award to scholar K. Ramasamy for contribution to classical Tamil studies</strong> - Mr. Ramasamy is a former deputy director of the Central Institute of Indian Languages; the award comes with a cheque for ₹10 lakh, a citation plaque and a bronze replica of former CM M. Karunanidhi</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>French state schools turn away dozens of girls wearing Muslim abaya dress</strong> - Dozens of girls are sent home after turning up at school wearing the now-banned abaya robe.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Spain floods: Boy survives by clinging to tree overnight</strong> - The 10-year-old climbed on to a tree after his family’s car was swept into a river by deadly floods.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cuba uncovers Russia-Ukraine war trafficking ring</strong> - Cuban officials say a human trafficking ring is recruiting Cubans to fight in the war in Ukraine.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Woody Allen greeted by cheers, praise and protests at Venice Film Festival</strong> - The divisive director is met by cheers and positive reviews, but also loud protests on the red carpet.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Kim Jong Un ‘to visit Putin for weapons talks’</strong> - North Korea’s leader will discuss supplying weapons for Russia to use in Ukraine, US media report.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Reddit faces content quality concerns after its Great Mod Purge</strong> - Concerns of Redditor safety, jeopardized research amid new mods and API rules. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1961446">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A look into the REM dreams of the animal kingdom</strong> - Animals’ “active” sleep phases look very much like REM. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1964996">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Apple details reasons to abandon CSAM-scanning tool, more controversy ensues</strong> - Safety groups remain concerned about child sexual abuse material scanning and user reporting. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1964978">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>BMW’s Neue Klasse points to a radical reinvention for future sedans</strong> - Innovations making it to production include a full-screen heads-up display and e-ink. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1965050">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Two book readers recap a very non-book-ish Wheel of Time season 2 premiere</strong> - The Wheel turns, and new seasons come and pass, leaving reviews that become legend. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1965179">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A man walks into a church</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
and goes in the confessional. The priest follows him.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Forgive me father, for I have sinned. I have committed adultery.” he says.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Dear heavens my child. I must ask, what happened?” the priest answers.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“You see father, last week my wife and I went to my sister-in-law’s house for dinner. However, it was getting late and it was raining, so we couldn’t return home. That night, I laid with my sister-in-law.” the man says.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Fear not, my child. God is forgiving.” the priest says.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Father, I have another sin to confess.” the man says.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Very well my child, I am listening.” says the priest.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Five days ago my wife and I went to visit my mother-in-law for dinner. However, the clock had struck midnight, and it was raining, so we couldn’t return home. That night, I laid with my mother-in-law.” the man confesses.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Worry not, my child. God is forgiving. Will that be all?” the priest says.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“No father, there is one more sin I must confess. Yesterday I went to my secretary’s house in order to work. We had worked a lot and it was already past midnight, it was raining, so I couldn’t return home. That night, I laid with my secretary.” says the man
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Just as the priest is about to speak, he looks outside and sees that the sky is starting to darken.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He says “The weather is getting worse, get the fuck out before it starts raining!”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/deeznutsifear"> /u/deeznutsifear </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/16a6gml/a_man_walks_into_a_church/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/16a6gml/a_man_walks_into_a_church/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>One weekend, the husband is in the bathroom shaving when the kid he hired to mow his lawn, a local kid named Bubba, comes in to pee. The husband slyly looks over and is shocked at how immensely endowed Bubba is. He can’t help himself, and asks Bubba what his secret is.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Well,” says Bubba, “every night before I climb into bed with a girl, I whack my penis on the bedpost three times. It works, and it sure impresses the girls!” The husband was excited at this easy suggestion and decided to try it that very night. So before climbing into bed with his wife, he took out his penis and whacked it three times on the bedpost. His wife, half-asleep, said, “Bubba? Is that you?”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/YZXFILE"> /u/YZXFILE </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/16allxl/one_weekend_the_husband_is_in_the_bathroom/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/16allxl/one_weekend_the_husband_is_in_the_bathroom/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>An average looking man walks into a bar.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A beautiful woman approaches him. The woman asks the man, “How would you like to get out of here?” and the man is stunned. He never thought a woman like her would ever approach him, so he agreed.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
They both get into his car and drive really far.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He stops at a cliff with the view of the whole city. Within seconds they start taking off their clothes. After minutes of passionately making love they finally finish. They both put their clothes on and just sit there awkwardly.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The woman speaks up and says “I’m a prostitute, and its going to be 100 dollars for my service.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The man is stunned and saddened that she didn’t really like him. He gives her the money and she tells him that she is ready to leave.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
​
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The man replies “I’m a taxi driver, and its going to be 150 dollars for the ride here and back.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
​
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
[Credit to many redditors before me]
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Waitsfornoone"> /u/Waitsfornoone </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/169unm6/an_average_looking_man_walks_into_a_bar/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/169unm6/an_average_looking_man_walks_into_a_bar/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>New Pet</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A single guy decided life would be more fun if he had a pet.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
So he went to the pet store and told the owner hat he wanted to buy an unusual pet.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
After some discussion, he finally bought a talking centipede, which came in a little white box to use for his house.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He took the box back home, found a good spot for the box, and decided he would start off by taking his new pet to the pub for a drink with him.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
So he asked the centipede in the box, “Would you like to go down the pub with me today? We will have a good time.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
But there was no answer from his new pet.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
This bothered him a bit, but he waited a few minutes and then asked again,“How about going down the pub with me ?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
But again, there was no answer from his new friend and pet. So he waited a few minutes more, thinking about the situation.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The guy decided to invite the centipede one last time.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
This time he put his face up against the centipede ’ s box and shouted, "Hey, in there! Would you like to go to the pub with me? …..
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
This time, a little voice came out of the box, ’’I heard you the first time! I ’m putting my f—ing shoes on!"
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/tricky5553"> /u/tricky5553 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/16adxsb/new_pet/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/16adxsb/new_pet/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A woman goes in front of a judge.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The judge said, “Why are you here today?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
She said, “I stole a can of peaches.” The judge said, “How many peaches are in the can?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
She said, “Six.” The Judge said, “Ok, you spend six days in jail then.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The lady’s husband quickly stood up and asked the judge if he could speak on her behalf. “Sure,” said the judge.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“She stole a can of peas too!”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/gills_of_war"> /u/gills_of_war </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/16a9s44/a_woman_goes_in_front_of_a_judge/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/16a9s44/a_woman_goes_in_front_of_a_judge/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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