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<title>06 July, 2023</title>
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<title>Covid-19 Sentry</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>A cost-effectiveness analysis of Molnupiravir and Paxlovid in three African countries</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness of two COVID-19 oral antivirals (COAVs) Paxlovid and Molnupiravir compared to the standard of care, in Ghana, Rwanda and Zambia. Methods: We modelled costs (2022 US$) and health outcomes in the acute phase of the COVID-19 disease from a public payer9s perspective in three unvaccinated target populations (1) patients aged 65 years and above (elderly); (2) adult patients with at least one other underlying risk factors for disease severity; and (3) all adult patients. In addition, we conducted a series of sensitivity and scenario analyses. Results: In elderly patients, Paxlovid was less costly and more effective (i.e., dominated) than standard of care in all three study countries. Molnupiravir dominated standard of care in Rwanda and Zambia and an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was estimated at US$1023.58 per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted in Ghana. In adults with other underlying risk factors, Paxlovid dominated in Rwanda and Zambia while Molnupiravir dominated in Rwanda. Neither Paxlovid nor Molnupiravir were cost-effective in the all-adult group in any country context. Incremental net monetary benefit for Paxlovid was consistently higher than for Molnupiravir. In COVID-19 vaccinated patients, Paxlovid was cost-effective for elderly patients in Zambia and Rwanda but not in Ghana. Key determinants of cost-effectiveness were COAV price, likelihood of early treatment initiation, and hospitalization rates. Conclusion: In African settings similar to Zambia, Ghana or Rwanda, COAVs could be cost-effective in populations who are unvaccinated, and at high risk of progression to severe COVID-19. More evidence is needed to determine cost-effectiveness for patients that are unvaccinated but have previously been infected with COVID-19 and may have developed some immune protection.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.05.23292205v1" target="_blank">A cost-effectiveness analysis of Molnupiravir and Paxlovid in three African countries</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein fused with the type IIb E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin A subunit as an intranasal booster after mRNA vaccination</strong> -
<div>
The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infections had led to the COVID-19 pandemic which has a significant impact on global public health and the economy. The spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 contains the receptor binding domain (RBD) which binds to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor. Numerous RBD-based vaccines have been developed and recently focused on the induction of neutralizing antibodies against the immune evasive Omicron BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5 subvariants. In this preclinical study, we reported the use of a direct fusion of the type IIb Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin A subunit with SARS CoV-2 RBD protein (RBD-LTA) as an intranasal vaccine candidate. The results showed that intranasal immunization with the RBD-LTA fusion protein in BALB/c mice elicited potent neutralizing antibodies against the Wuhan-Hu-1 and several SARS-CoV-2 variants as well as the production of IgA antibodies in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs). Furthermore, the RBD-LTA fusion protein was used as a second-dose booster after bivalent mRNA vaccination. The results showed that the neutralizing antibody titers elicited by the intranasal RBD-LTA booster were similar to the bivalent mRNA booster, but the RBD-specific IgA titers in sera and BALFs significantly increased. Overall, this preclinical study suggests that the RBD-LTA fusion protein could be a promising candidate as a mucosal booster COVID-19 vaccine.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.05.547781v1" target="_blank">The receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein fused with the type IIb E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin A subunit as an intranasal booster after mRNA vaccination</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Discovering host protein interactions specific for SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome</strong> -
<div>
SARS-CoV-2, a positive single-stranded RNA virus, interacts with host cell proteins throughout its life cycle. These interactions are necessary for the host to recognize and hinder the replication of SARS-CoV-2. For the virus, to translate, transcribe and replicate its genetic material. However, many details of these interactions are still missing. We focused on the proteins binding to the highly structured 5’ and 3’ end regions of SARS-CoV-2 RNA that were predicted by the catRAPID algorithm to attract numerous proteins, exploiting RNA-Protein Interaction Detection coupled with Mass Spectrometry (RaPID-MS) technology. The validated interactors, which agreed with our predictions, include pseudouridine synthase PUS7 that binds to both ends of the viral RNA. Nanopore direct-RNA sequencing confirmed that the RNA virus is heavily modified, and PUS7 consensus regions were found in both SARS-CoV-2 RNA end regions. Notably, a modified site was detected in the viral Transcription Regulatory Sequence - Leader (TRS-L) and can influence the viral RNA structure and interaction propensity. Overall, our data map host protein interactions within SARS-CoV-2 UTR regions, pinpointing to a potential role of pseudouridine synthases and post-transcriptional modifications in the viral life cycle. These findings contribute to understanding virus-host dynamics and may guide the development of targeted therapies.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.18.499583v2" target="_blank">Discovering host protein interactions specific for SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Risk of COVID-19 death in adults who received booster COVID-19 vaccinations: national retrospective cohort study on 14.6 million people in England</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: The emergence of the COVID-19 vaccination has been critical in changing the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, with estimates suggesting vaccinations have prevented millions of deaths worldwide. To ensure protection remains high in groups at high-risk, booster vaccinations in the UK have been targeted based on age and clinical vulnerabilities. We sought to identify adults at increased risk of COVID-19 death, and compared to non-COVID-19 risk, despite having received a booster dose as part of the 2022 autumn vaccination campaign in England. Methods: We undertook a national retrospective cohort study using data from the 2021 Census linked to electronic health records. We fitted cause-specific Cox regression to examine the association between a range of health conditions and the risk of COVID-19 death and all-other-cause death for adults aged 50-100-years in England vaccinated with a booster in autumn 2022. Findings: Our total population was 14,644,570 people; there were 6,800 COVID-19 deaths (52. and 150,075 non-COVID-19 deaths. Having learning disabilities or Down Syndrome (hazard ratio=5.07;conficence interval=3.69-6.98), pulmonary hypertension or fibrosis(2.88;2.43-3.40), motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia or Huntington9s disease (2.94, 1.82-4.74), cancer of blood and bone marrow (3.11;2.72-3.56), Parkinson9s disease (2.74;2.34-3.20), lung or oral cancer (2.57;2.04 to 3.24), dementia (2.64;2.46 to 2.83) or liver cirrhosis (2.65;1.95 to 3.59) was associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 death. Individuals with cancer of the blood or bone marrow, chronic kidney disease, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypotension or fibrosis, or rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus had a significantly higher risk of COVID-19 death relative to other causes of death compared with individuals who did not have diagnoses of these comorbidities. Interpretation: We identify groups who are at increased risk of COVID-19 death relative to non-COVID-19 deaths. Vulnerable groups should continue to be prioritised for COVID-19 booster doses to minimise the risk of COVID-19 deaths.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.03.23291596v1" target="_blank">Risk of COVID-19 death in adults who received booster COVID-19 vaccinations: national retrospective cohort study on 14.6 million people in England</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Evidence of prothrombotic factors associated with COVID-19 complications: a scoping review protocol</strong> -
<div>
Objective: Scope review of the literature to assess the involvement of organs and systems and the existence of an association of prothrombotic factors with the complications of individuals infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Introduction: The COVID-19 Syndrome in individuals who develop thromboembolic complications motivates this study. Understanding the phenotypic expression of these complications is motivating. The unknown cause-and-effect relationship of complications encourages the search for clarification through this literature scope review, hoping to find indicators of association between thromboembolic phenomena and complications in individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. Inclusion criteria: Primary studies on complications of COVID-19 associated with thrombosis, published as of January 2020 in English, will be the primary focus. I am expressing impairment of organs and systems by clinical complications of those infected with SARS-CoV-2. Methods: The proposed scope review will be guided by the J.B.I. (Joana Brigs Institute) Methodology and PRISMA-ScR protocol. The database will be MEDLINE via PubMed, and the population of selected articles will be divided into 3 phases (screening, filtering, and sampling) of data extraction and stored in sequenced worksheets with sorted data. Electronic tools will contribute to referencing sources (Software_EndNote), data selection (Software_Rayyan), classification, and database (Software_Excel). The results presented by diagrams should demonstrate the primary methodologies used in the studies under analysis, the clinical complications of COVID, and evidence on risk factors from the cohort studies.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/dmuak/" target="_blank">Evidence of prothrombotic factors associated with COVID-19 complications: a scoping review protocol</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Gender and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Undergraduate and Graduate Students’ Mental Health and Treatment Use amid the COVID-19 Pandemic</strong> -
<div>
Objective: To investigate gender and racial/ethnic disparities in mental health and treatment use in college and graduate students amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Based on a large-scale online survey (N = 1,415) administered during the weeks following a pandemic-related university-wide campus closure in March 2020, we examined gender and racial disparities in current internalizing severity and treatment use with t-tests and logistic regression models. Results: Specifically, we found that students with marginalized gender (e.g., woman [p &lt; .001], non-binary gender [p &lt; .001]) or Hispanic/Latinx identity (p = .002) reported higher levels of internalizing problem severity compared to their privileged counterparts (e.g., man, non- Hispanic/Latinx White). Regarding treatment use, Asian (p &lt; .001) and multiracial students (p = .002) reported lower treatment use after controlling for internalizing problem severity. Internalizing severity was generally associated with higher treatment use (logit = 0.53, p = .001), indicating a match of objective needs with service use. However, this relationship was offset by a negative interaction between internalizing problem severity and Asian (logit = -0.49, p &lt; .001) or Black identity (logit = -0.57, p = .03) in predicting treatment use. Conclusion: The findings revealed unique mental health challenges faced by different demographic groups and served as a call that specific actions to enhance mental health equity, such as continued mental health support for students with marginalized gender identities, additional COVID-related mental and practical support for Hispanic/Latinx students, and promotion of mental health awareness and trust in Asian/Black students, are desperately needed.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/qhy5j/" target="_blank">Gender and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Undergraduate and Graduate Students’ Mental Health and Treatment Use amid the COVID-19 Pandemic</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Vitamin S: Why is Social Contact, Even with Strangers, so Important to Well-Being?</strong> -
<div>
Even before COVID-19, it was well-known in psychological science that our well-being is strongly served by the quality of our close relationships. But is our well-being also served by social contact with people we know less well? In this article, we discuss three propositions to support the conclusion that the benefits of social contact also derive from interactions with acquaintances and even strangers. The propositions state that most interaction situations with strangers are benign (Proposition 1), that most strangers are benign (Proposition 2), and that most interactions with strangers enhance well-being (Proposition 3). These propositions are supported, first, by recent research designed to illuminate the primary features of interaction situations, showing that situations with strangers often represent low conflict of interest. Second, in our interactions with strangers, most people exhibit high levels of low-cost cooperation (social mindfulness) and high-cost helping if help to strangers is urgent. We close by sharing research examples which show that even very subtle interactions with strangers yield short-term happiness. Broader implications for COVID-19 and urbanization are discussed.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/jaxck/" target="_blank">Vitamin S: Why is Social Contact, Even with Strangers, so Important to Well-Being?</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Disparities in COVID-19-related trauma and internalizing symptoms across sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, and their intersection during the pandemic</strong> -
<div>
Sexual minority individuals face elevated risk for internalizing problems due to minority stress, and internalizing problems may have been exacerbated with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined sexual orientation- and race/ethnicity-related mental health disparities during the first four months of COVID-19 stay-at-home orders. We investigated disparities in COVID-19-related trauma (CRT) and internalizing symptoms (depression, anxiety) in a university community sample via surveys in March-April (Wave 1) and May-June 2020 (Wave 2) cross-sectionally using t-tests and longitudinally using residualized change score regressions. The analytic sample (N = 646; M age = 25.70, SD age = 10.16 at Wave 1) comprised 350 (54.2%) non-Hispanic White and 296 (45.8%) racial/ethnic minority participants; and 514 (79.6%) heterosexual and 132 (20.4%) sexual minority participants. Except for Wave 1 CRT, sexual minority individuals reported greater symptomatology than heterosexual individuals across all outcomes at each wave and racial/ethnic minority individuals reported no differences in outcomes compared to non-Hispanic White individuals. Longitudinally, sexual minority individuals reported less recovery from CRT compared to heterosexual individuals. No similar longitudinal disparities were identified across race/ethnicity. These findings build upon a growing body of literature of mental health disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results highlight the importance of examining CRT to understand the effects of the pandemic on minoritized populations, particularly sexual minority individuals. Further work is needed to elucidate the potential exacerbating effects of minority stress on these disparities.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/5jsz9/" target="_blank">Disparities in COVID-19-related trauma and internalizing symptoms across sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, and their intersection during the pandemic</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Loss of Mental Health Support Among College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic</strong> -
<div>
Purpose. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated mental health concerns among college students. At the same time, pandemic response measures have made it more challenging for many students to access mental health support. However, little is known about the extent of mental health support loss among college students, or which students have lost support. This study investigated the scope of mental health support loss during the COVID-19 pandemic in a large university sample, as well as the factors associated with loss of support. Methods. Students completed an online questionnaire between March and May of 2020. Researchers examined the extent of mental health support loss in this sample and how support loss differed by a variety of demographic and mental health symptom variables. Methods were pre-registered at https://osf.io/m83hz. Results. Of n = 415 respondents, 62% reported loss of mental health support. Loss of support was associated with more severe depression symptoms (p &lt; .001), more severe anxiety symptoms (p &lt; .001), the presence of suicidal ideation (p &lt; .001), and sexual minority identity (p = .017). Conclusions. Colleges and universities should be aware that many students have lost access to mental health support during the COVID-19 pandemic, and that students with more severe mental health symptoms, as well as sexual minority students, may be particularly vulnerable. Colleges and universities should make efforts to connect these students with sources of mental health support.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/48q7p/" target="_blank">Loss of Mental Health Support Among College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>College student interest in teletherapy and self-guided mental health supports during the COVID-19 pandemic</strong> -
<div>
Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened college students’ mental health while simultaneously creating new barriers to traditional in-person care. Teletherapy and online self-guided mental health supports are two potential avenues for addressing unmet mental health needs when face-to-face services are less accessible, but little is known about factors that shape interest in these supports. Participants: 1,224 U.S. undergraduate students (mean age=20.7; 72.5% female; 40.0% White) participated. Methods: Students completed an online questionnaire assessing interest in teletherapy and self-guided supports. Predictors included age, sex, ethnicity, sexual minority status, and anxiety and depression symptomatology. Results: Interest rates were 20% and 25% for at-cost supports and 70% and 72% for free supports. Older age, higher anxiety symptomatology, and identifying as Asian significantly predicted greater interest levels. Conclusions: Results may inform universities’ efforts to optimize students’ engagement with nontraditional, digital mental health supports, including teletherapy and self-guided programs.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/8unfx/" target="_blank">College student interest in teletherapy and self-guided mental health supports during the COVID-19 pandemic</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Honesty-Humility, beliefs, and prosocial behaviour: A test on stockpiling during the COVID-19 pandemic</strong> -
<div>
Increasing evidence links personality to prosocial behaviour. HEXACO Honesty-Humility, in particular, has been linked to prosocial behaviour when it comes with a personal cost. Yet, evidence for such a link is mostly limited to the laboratory, although social dilemmas abound in daily life. Emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic pose salient conflicts of interests between individual and societal welfare. One example is the run on many basic goods in the anticipation of lockdowns. Such social dilemmas afford the expression of personality traits associated with individual differences in prosocial behaviour. Indeed, across two studies (N = 601), Honesty-Humility was positively, albeit weakly associated with refraining from stockpiling in the past and intentions to do so in the future. Causal mediation analysis shows that this was not due to differences in beliefs that others would refrain from stockpiling. Instead, results suggest that faced with a social dilemma, individuals high in Honesty-Humility may have been willing to forego individual benefit. This provides rare evidence on the relationship between Honesty-Humility and prosocial behaviour in a field setting.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/8e62v/" target="_blank">Honesty-Humility, beliefs, and prosocial behaviour: A test on stockpiling during the COVID-19 pandemic</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Real-time forecasting of COVID-19-related hospital strain in France using a non-Markovian mechanistic model</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background Projects such as the European Covid-19 Forecast Hub publish forecasts on the national level for new deaths, new cases, and hospital admissions, but not direct measurements of hospital strain like critical care bed occupancy at the sub-national level, which is of particular interest to health professionals for planning purposes. Methods We present a sub-national French framework for forecasting hospital strain based on a non-Markovian compartmental model, its associated online visualisation tool and a retrospective evaluation of the real-time forecasts it provided from January to December 2021 by comparing to three standard statistical forecasting methods (auto-regression, exponential smoothing, and ARIMA). Results For anticipating risk of critical care unit overload, our model performed worse than pure statistical methods at the one- and two-week horizons, but had better point forecasts at the four-week horizon for 8 of the 13 regions considered. Our model also suffered from over-confidence with respect to its prediction intervals. Conclusions Online visualisation tools and consideration of how metrics can be affected by distortion from non-pharmaceutical government interventions are essential in the assessment of forecasting models for hospital strain.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.21.23286228v2" target="_blank">Real-time forecasting of COVID-19-related hospital strain in France using a non-Markovian mechanistic model</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Is there an evolutionary advantage conferred by having a share of conspiracy theorists within a population?</strong> -
<div>
This article is a reflection proposing an ecologically plausible motive and an epigenetically-controlled mechanism to explain the otherwise unexplainable behaviour that leads remarkably consistent fractions of the population to choose totally irrational standpoints irrespective of their level of intelligence or education. It stems from three independent pieces of evidence, each of which is ascertained common knowledge, and which are hereby linked together: #1: A non-negligible rate of the members of every nation’s population takes and keeps positions that are against mainstream opinions, also when such choice turns out to be totally detrimental for their own social life, credibility, employment, and/or health. The massive anti-vaccination coming-out in response to Covid-19 emergency has uncovered the extent of these phenomena and put in evidence the absence of correlation with education level and intellective qualities of people, involving even rather successful and bright individuals as Nobel laureates disregarding their loss of reputation, or top sport players missing chances to win trophies and to maintain sponsored contracts. #2: In biology, a given rate of mutant phenotypes involving a minority of the population, is at the basis of the Darwinian selection process. Although some mutations could affect the fitness of the individuals bearing them, the process can ensure species survival in the unlikely circumstance that a temporally and spatially unpredictable event would occur, for which the mutant trait would result the right match to avoid negative consequences. It is as if, once in a thousand times, an otherwise weird and self-harming choice would result the winning one. And, in order to avoid that all the progeny descending from the survivor would carry the ‘crimpled’ phenotype, in evolved lineages, mutation mechanisms can use epigenetic instead of genetic circuitries, allowing clean genome reset at reproduction. #3: Epigenetics has nowadays been shown to occur also at behavioural level, regulating human neurological expression, affecting social conduct, impulsive actions and connected beliefs. Putting the pieces together, # 2 is the motive and #3 is the mechanism that explain #1.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/x3hej/" target="_blank">Is there an evolutionary advantage conferred by having a share of conspiracy theorists within a population?</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Production and performance assessment of a SARS-CoV-2 biomimetic in a verification program for pandemic readiness</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
During the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic in South Africa, one of many challenges included availability of control material proficiency testing programs. Control material utilising live SARS-CoV-2 or RNA extracted from cell culture was either biohazardous and costly, particularly in resource limited settings. Here, we report the development and application of a non-infectious SARS-CoV-2 biomimetic Mycobacterium smegmatis strain that mimics a positive result in the GeneXpert SARS-CoV-2 Xpert Xpress cartridge. Nucleotide sequences located in genes encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, the nucleocapsid and the envelope proteins were used. The resulting biomimetic was prepared as a Quality Control specimen and distributed to laboratories in South Africa for validation prior to testing of clinical specimens. Between April 2020 and December 2020, a total of 151 instruments were validated to bring Covid-19 mass testing online. These instruments capacitated the country to perform tests in 2532 modules. False negative or false positive findings reflected issues such as workflow/technician error or other related technical issues. This non-infectious, easily scalable control material became available within two months after the start of the pandemic in South Africa and represents a useful approach to consider for other diseases and future pandemics.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.26.23291917v1" target="_blank">Production and performance assessment of a SARS-CoV-2 biomimetic in a verification program for pandemic readiness</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Medicine-Specific COVID-19 Misinformation on Social Media: A Scoping Review</strong> -
<div>
Background: The sharing of health-related information has become increasingly popular on social media. Unregulated information sharing has led to the spread of misinformation, especially regarding complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine (CAIM). This scoping review synthesized evidence surrounding the spread of CAIM-related misinformation on social media during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This review was informed by a modified version of the Arksey and O’Malley scoping review framework. AMED, EMBASE, PsycINFO and MEDLINE databases were searched systematically from inception to January 2022. Eligible articles explored COVID-19 misinformation on social media and contained sufficient information on CAIM therapies. Common themes were identified using an inductive thematic analysis approach. Results: Twenty-eight articles were included. The following themes were synthesized: 1) misinformation prompts unsafe and harmful behaviours, 2) misinformation can be separated into different categories, 3) individuals are capable of identifying and refuting CAIM misinformation, 4) non-representative study samples have resulted in considerable generalizability issues, and 5) studies argue governments and social media companies have a responsibility to resolve the spread of COVID-19 misinformation. Conclusions: Misinformation can spread more easily when shared on social media. Our review suggests that misinformation about COVID-19 related to CAIM that is disseminated online contributes to unsafe health behaviours, however, this may be remedied via public education initiatives and stricter media guidelines. The results of this scoping review are crucial to understanding the behavioural impacts of the spread of COVID-19 misinformation about CAIM therapies, and can inform the development of public health policies to mitigate these issues.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/d2mkr/" target="_blank">Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Medicine-Specific COVID-19 Misinformation on Social Media: A Scoping Review</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Role of Ivermectin and Colchicine in Treatment of COVID-19: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Ivermectin Tablets;   Drug: Colchicine 0.5 MG;   Drug: Standared managment<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Ain Shams University<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Counseling Intervention for Pharmacists</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: Standard implementation webinar and online training;   Behavioral: Virtual facilitation<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill;   University of Arkansas;   University of South Carolina;   National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD)<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>LUSZ Treatment Efficacy in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Lopinavir / Ritonavir;   Drug: Remdesivir (RDV);   Drug: Tocilizumab;   Other: Corticosteroid Therapy-enhanced Standard Care (CTSC)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Lebanese University;   Hospital Saydet Zgharta University Medical Center<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Comprehensive Imaging Exam of Convalesced COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   COVID Long-Haul<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Other: Magnetic Resonance Imaging;   Other: Ultra-High Resolution Computed Tomography (CT) Scan<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Johns Hopkins University;   Canon Medical Systems, USA<br/><b>Enrolling by invitation</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>UNAIR Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine as Heterologue Booster (Immunobridging Study)</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19 Pandemic;   COVID-19 Vaccines<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Vaksin Merah Putih - UA SARS-CoV-2 (Vero Cell Inactivated) 5 µg;   Biological: CoronaVac Biofarma COVID-1 9 Vaccine 3 µg<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Dr. Soetomo General Hospital;   Indonesia-MoH;   Universitas Airlangga;   Biotis Pharmaceuticals, Indonesia<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immunogenicity and Safety Study of SCB-2023 Vaccine as a Booster in Adults</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: SCB-2023 vaccine (trivalent), a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 trimeric S-protein subunit vaccine for COVID-19; intramuscular injection;   Biological: SCB-2019 (monovalent), a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 trimeric S-protein subunit vaccine for COVID-19; intramuscular injection<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Clover Biopharmaceuticals AUS Pty Ltd<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Safety and Immunogenicity Following a Heterologous Booster Dose of Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine LYB002</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: LYB002V14;   Biological: LYB002V14A;   Biological: LYB002CA<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Guangzhou Patronus Biotech Co., Ltd.;   Yantai Patronus Biotech Co., Ltd.;   Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of Different Booster Dose Levels of Monovalent and Bivalent SARS-CoV-2 rS Vaccines in Adults ≥ 50 Years</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: NVX-CoV2540 (5, 10, 25 μg);   Biological: NVX-CoV2373 (5 μg);   Biological: Bivalent BA.4/5 Omicron subvariant<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Novavax<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluating the Efficacy of Remdesivir for Long COVID Following a Confirmed COVID-19 Infection.</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   SARS-CoV-2 Infection;   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Remdesivir<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of Derby;   University of Exeter;   Peninsula Clinical Trials Unit;   University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Immunogenicity and Safety Following a Heterologous Booster Dose of Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine LYB001</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Vaccine Reaction<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: LYB001;   Biological: CoronaVac<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Guangzhou Patronus Biotech Co., Ltd.;   Yantai Patronus Biotech Co., Ltd.;   Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Efficacy of Anakinra Treatment for Patients With Post Acute Covid Syndrome</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Placebo;   Drug: Anakinra 149 MG/ML Prefilled Syringe [Kineret]<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Effect of Smart Sensor Combined With APP for Individualized Precise Exercise Training in Long Covid-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Coronavirus Disease;   COVID-19;   Long Covid-19;   Telerehabilitation<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Device: KNEESUP smart knee assistive device + KNEESUP care APP;   Device: KNEESUP care APP;   Behavioral: Healthy consulation<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Shang-Lin Chiang<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effects of Music Combined With Sports Games on Alleviating Psychological Stress, Anxiety and Mental Energy Among Adolescents During COVID-19 Pandemic in Lanzhou Gansu Province China</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Stress;   Anxiety and Fear<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: Music intervention only;   Behavioral: Sports games intervention only;   Behavioral: Music and sports games intervention<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Wu Jiarun<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pandemic-Proofing Simulation-based Education</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID 19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Device: VR Headset;   Other: Traditional Theatre-based simulation<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Ottawa Hospital Research Institute;   Sunnybrook Research Institute<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study on the Remote Diagnosis and Treatment Strategy of New-onset Insomnia Under the COVID-19 Epidemic</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Insomnia;   CBT;   Depression;   Anxiety<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Device: CBTI online programe<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University<br/><b>Enrolling by invitation</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Conformational response to ligand binding of TMPRSS2, a protease involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Insights through computational modeling</strong> - Thanks to the considerable research which has been undertaken in the last few years to improve our understanding of the biology and mechanism of action of SARS-CoV-2, we know how the virus uses its surface spike protein to infect host cells. The transmembrane prosthesis, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) protein, located on the surface of human cells, recognizes the cleavage site in the spike protein, leading to the release of the fusion peptide and entry of the virus into the host cells. Because of its role,…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Respiratory infections in children and adolescents in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: While the measures taken were effective in inhibiting the number of respiratory infections for almost 1.5 years, moderately frequent but rather mild COVID-19 cases occurred when measures were lifted. When Omicron emerged in 2022 COVID-19 became moderately frequent but led predominantly to mild illnesses. For RSV and influenza, the measures resulted in changes in their annual timing and intensity.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Maternal prenatal attachment during the COVID-19 pandemic: exploring the roles of pregnancy-related anxiety, risk perception, and well-being</strong> - Pregnant women have faced novel physical and mental health risks during the pandemic. This situation is remarkable because a parent’s emotional bond with their unborn baby (also known as prenatal attachment) is related to the parent’s mental state. Prenatal attachment helps parents psychologically prepare for the transition into parenthood. Moreover, it plays a pivotal role in the future parentchild relationship and psychosocial development of the baby. Based on the available literature, the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Molecular mechanism of ensitrelvir inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 main protease and its variants</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 poses an unprecedented threat to the world as the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Among a handful of therapeutics developed for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection, ensitrelvir is the first noncovalent and nonpeptide oral inhibitor targeting the main protease (M^(pro)) of SARS-CoV-2, which recently received emergency regulatory approval in Japan. Here we determined a 1.8-Å structure of M^(pro) in complex with ensitrelvir, which revealed that ensitrelvir…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Intranasal VLP-RBD vaccine adjuvanted with BECC470 confers immunity against Delta SARS-CoV-2 challenge in K18-hACE2-mice</strong> - As the COVID-19 pandemic transitions into endemicity, seasonal boosters are a plausible reality across the globe. We hypothesize that intranasal vaccines can provide better protection against asymptomatic infections and more transmissible variants of SARS-CoV-2. To formulate a protective intranasal vaccine, we utilized a VLP-based platform. Hepatitis B surface antigen-based virus like particles (VLP) linked with receptor binding domain (RBD) antigen were paired with the TLR4-based agonist…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Synthesis and characterization of n-phosphonium chitosan and its virucidal activity evaluation against coronavirus</strong> - Despite the worldwide vaccination effort against COVID-19, the demand for biocidal materials has increased. One promising solution is the chemical modification of polysaccharides, such as chitosan, which can provide antiviral activity through the insertion of cationic terminals. In this study, chitosan was modified with (4-carboxybutyl) triphenylphosphonium bromide to create N-phosphonium chitosan (NPCS), a quaternized derivative. The resulting NPCS samples with three degrees of substitution…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Identification of a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor CP-724714 inhibits SADS-CoV related swine diarrhea coronaviruses infection in vitro</strong> - The outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020 has caused unprecedented panic among all mankind, pointing the major importance of effective treatment. Since the emergence of the swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) at the end of 2017, multiple reports have indicated that the bat-related SADS-CoV possesses a potential threat for cross-species transmission. Vaccines and antiviral drugs development deserve more attention. In this study, we found that the HER2 phosphorylation…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immunogenicity and efficacy of a novel multi-patch SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 vaccine candidate</strong> - INTRODUCTION: While there has been considerable progress in the development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, largely based on the S (spike) protein of the virus, less progress has been made with vaccines delivering different viral antigens with cross-reactive potential.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The sesquiterpenes with the COVID-19 M<sup>pro</sup> inhibitory activity from the <em>Carpesium abrotanoides</em> L</strong> - The extract of the whole plant of Carpesium abrotanoides L. yielded four new sesquiterpenes including a novel skeleton (claroguaiane A, 1), two guaianolides (claroguaianes B-C, 2-3), and one eudesmanolide (claroeudesmane A, 4), together with three known sesquiterpenoids (5-7). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis especially 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and HRESIMS data. Additionally, all the isolated compounds were preliminarily evaluated for the inhibitive…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Antimicrobial efficiency of chlorine dioxide and its potential use as anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent: mechanisms of action and interactions with gut microbiota</strong> - Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is a disinfectant gas with strong antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. Applied on hard non-porous surfaces as an aqueous solution or gas, the ClO2 exerts antimicrobial activity through its interaction and destabilization of cell membrane proteins, as well as through DNA/RNA oxidation, triggering cell death. As for viruses, the ClO2 promotes protein denaturalization mechanisms preventing the union between the human cells and the viral envelope. Currently,…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>MicroRNA 205-5p and COVID-19 adverse outcomes: Potential molecular biomarker and regulator of the immune response</strong> - Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response, resulting from the release of large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, is the main mechanism behind severe acute respiratory syndrome and multiple organ failure, the two main causes of death in COVID-19. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as gene expression regulation by microRNAs (miRs), may be at the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cytokine Storm in Acute Viral Respiratory Injury: Role of Qing-Fei-Pai-Du Decoction in Inhibiting the Infiltration of Neutrophils and Macrophages through TAK1/IKK/NF-[Formula: see text]B Pathway</strong> - COVID-19 has posed unprecedented challenges to global public health since its outbreak. The Qing-Fei-Pai-Du decoction (QFPDD), a Chinese herbal formula, is widely used in China to treat COVID-19. It exerts an impressive therapeutic effect by inhibiting the progression from mild to critical disease in the clinic. However, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses elicit similar pathological processes. Their severe manifestations, such as acute respiratory…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ACE2-EGFR-MAPK signaling contributes to SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 triggered the most severe pandemic of recent times. To enter into a host cell, SARS-CoV-2 binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). However, subsequent studies indicated that other cell membrane receptors may act as virus-binding partners. Among these receptors, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was hypothesized not only as a spike protein binder, but also to be activated in response to SARS-CoV-2. In our study, we aim at dissecting EGFR activation and its major…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ACP-Dnnel: anti-coronavirus peptides’ prediction based on deep neural network ensemble learning</strong> - The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has caused dramatic loss of human life. There is an urgent need for safe and efficient anti-coronavirus infection drugs. Anti-coronavirus peptides (ACovPs) can inhibit coronavirus infection. With high-efficiency, low-toxicity, and broad-spectrum inhibitory effects on coronaviruses, they are promising candidates to be developed into a new type of anti-coronavirus drug. Experiment is the traditional way of ACovPs’ identification, which is less efficient and more…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cell surface nucleocapsid protein expression: A betacoronavirus immunomodulatory strategy</strong> - We recently reported that SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein is abundantly expressed on the surface of both infected and neighboring uninfected cells, where it enables activation of Fc receptor-bearing immune cells with anti-N antibodies (Abs) and inhibits leukocyte chemotaxis by binding chemokines (CHKs). Here, we extend these findings to N from the common cold human coronavirus (HCoV)-OC43, which is also robustly expressed on the surface of infected and noninfected cells by binding heparan…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>To Save the Planet, Should We Really Be Moving Slower?</strong> - The degrowth movement makes a comeback. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/to-save-the-planet-should-we-really-be-moving-slower">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What Does California’s Homeless Population Actually Look Like?</strong> - Politicians and commentators spend a disproportionate amount of time talking about a small subset of the homeless population. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/what-does-californias-homeless-population-actually-look-like">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Next Targets in the Fight Against Affirmative Action</strong> - It won’t be admissions offices at selective schools but institutions and programs that use race as a plus factor in making decisions about who gets contracts, jobs, scholarships, and awards. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/the-next-targets-in-the-fight-against-affirmative-action">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Titan Submersible Implosion Was “an Accident Waiting to Happen”</strong> - Interviews and e-mails with expedition leaders and employees reveal how OceanGate ignored desperate warnings from inside and outside the company. “It’s a lemon,” one wrote. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/a-reporter-at-large/the-titan-submersible-was-an-accident-waiting-to-happen">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Could Putin Lose Power?</strong> - Regime stability is a funny thing. One day it’s there; the next day, poof—it’s gone. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-weekend-essay/could-putin-lose-power">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Bus stops and playgrounds are too damn hot</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A commuter in Chicago stands in the shade waiting for her bus." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/v9BHfhFIMBnZtv5x0Gc_13PUBs4=/201x0:2868x2000/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72429171/GettyImages_1258279094.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Shade at bus stops can be a rare occurrence, even in the hottest climates. Shade, like the tree a woman in Chicago sought out in a heat wave while waiting for a bus, can lower the temperature by 30 or 40 degrees. But shade is typically less common in communities that faced historical redlining. | E. Jason Wambsgans/Chicago Tribune via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
How city design falls short to address the human experience of heat.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bOrK17">
In May, officials in Los Angeles held a news conference to tout the new “La Sombrita,” a <a href="https://la.streetsblog.org/2023/05/19/what-l-a-s-pilot-la-sombrita-shade-light-structure-does-and-doesnt-do">pilot design</a> intended to add some shade at four of the city’s bus stops.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PIimbL">
The 26-inch-wide teal perforated slab of metal was <a href="https://slate.com/business/2023/05/la-sombrita-shade-bus-stop-los-angeles-kounkuey-background-history.html">instantly</a> <a href="https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/story/2023-05-25/la-sombrita-bus-shade-controversy-obscures-an-important-story-about-women-and-transit">mocked</a> on the internet. Many couldn’t see how the slim structure, which was meant to provide shade for maybe one or two people on sunny days, could live up to its promise. A “full-scale takes bonanza” ensued, “lobbing criticisms that ranged from sort-of unfair to divorced from reality,” wrote <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-05-25/the-most-hated-bus-stop-on-the-internet-doesn-t-deserve-your-scorn">Bloomberg CityLab</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dq22wz">
Disastrous rollout aside, LA had been trying to address a crisis traditionally overlooked in <a href="https://www.vox.com/cities-and-urbanism">city planning</a>: dangerously hot public spaces. Bus stops are one example of the city’s many mini heat islands that experience higher temperatures in the summer, posing a danger to children and adults stuck in the sun. <a href="https://sustainability-innovation.asu.edu/person/jennifer-vanos/">Jennifer Vanos</a>, a heat researcher at Arizona State University in Phoenix, has measured bus stops that have exceeded 160 degrees Fahrenheit in the direct sun.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BBBGIm">
Bus stops aren’t the only parts of cities that overheat. Sidewalks get hot too. And a slide in a sunny playground can easily exceed temperatures that burn skin in a matter of seconds.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UAAKEF">
A solution, as cities race to adapt to <a href="https://www.vox.com/climate">climate change,</a> is adding shade, and a lot more of it. That means trees, tarps, vertical or horizontal structures — anything to help block the sun’s rays. But La Sombrita’s debut demonstrated the solution is harder to implement in practice.
</p>
<h3 id="oBqzFt">
Heat inequity is dangerous
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ecQYWa">
The urban heat island effect, which refers to cities being hotter than surrounding rural areas, doesn’t quite describe the wide range of heat experienced within a city.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WNnOHk">
Air temperature alone fails to capture “the human experience of heat,” said <a href="https://www.esri.com/about/newsroom/author/estella-geraghty/">Dr. Este Geraghty</a>, chief medical officer of ESRI, a digital mapping company that has worked with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to understand urban heat. Geraghty explains there are a range of factors that can make a person feel hotter: an individual’s health; <a href="https://www.vox.com/climate/2023/4/14/23677907/spring-summer-heat-climate-change-india-bangladesh-thailand">whether they are acclimatized</a>, meaning their body has adjusted to hot weather; whether they are in a park or on a sunny sidewalk; and whether it’s dry or humid.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pW0pFZ">
It’s the perception, more than the temperature reading, that matters most in heat-related illnesses, including symptoms of heart disease, lung disease, and <a href="https://www.vox.com/mental-health">mental health</a>. The problem isn’t just a short-term heat exposure, but <a href="https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2019/7/19/20700662/heat-wave-2019-health-new-york-washington">lacking the chance to cool down</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fK9mDg">
Urban heat is also worrisome, because cities are hotter overnight than their rural surroundings. The urban heat island effect is at its worst when concrete and asphalt radiate heat absorbed during the day back out when the sun’s down.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ghCQ1s">
“Long-term lack of relief makes it harder for people to use their physical resilience and body makeup to help them fight the effects of heat,” Geraghty said. “It’s like banging on them over and over again.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uB1jZq">
Even within short distances, a city’s microclimates can vary dramatically. But when a person has to walk to a bus stop in the full sun, then wait up to 30 minutes for the next bus, or a child is playing during school recess, that relief may never come.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TU5yZt">
They also might not get that relief at home. Neighborhoods that are predominantly Black and brown have <a href="https://thegrio.com/2023/04/22/earth-day-black-people-tree-canopy/">fewer trees</a> that provide shade and natural cooling, due to <a href="https://today.umd.edu/urban-trees-rooted-in-redlining-and-environmental-injustice-umd-led-research-finds">historical redlining</a>. And that environment of asphalt and concrete, in the direct sun, can turn a summer heat wave into a dangerous, even deadly event.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bO1y64">
And many public spaces, instead of providing an escape, are notorious for worsening the experience of heat.
</p>
<h3 id="M5nC0q">
Bus stops, playgrounds, and sidewalks expose people to astronomically high heat
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bW4EcL">
Shade helps provide some of that relief, but it’s often lacking in public spaces where people are spending time midday. Those tend to be bus stops, playgrounds, and sidewalks en route to public transit that have no shade from the sun.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Kr0rnj">
Playgrounds, according to Vanos, are a particular challenge. In Phoenix, she has measured surfaces of slides, swings, and rubber surfaces compared to shaded surfaces.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vfJOLX">
On a 100-degree day, a slide facing the sun can measure up to 160 degrees, she found. That can burn the skin just five seconds.
</p>
<div>
<div class="c-image-grid">
<div class="c-image-grid__item">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="Children and adults play in a shaded splash park, while two picnic tables in the foreground are in direct sunlight." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/RjdPOLIkVgcN-BkDSshrwTTcQzM=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24764150/01_Left_TIRpairedPlaygrounds_small.jpg"/> <cite>Courtesy of Jennifer Vanos</cite>
<figcaption>
Jennifer Vanos captured a shaded splash park and tables in direct sun at 3 pm.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="c-image-grid__item">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="An infrared image of the splash park and picnic tables. The unshaded tables are red, while the ares in the shade are blue." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/jBg0DvfaRPA0Ld6R4pCO4fuUutg=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24764151/01_Right_TIRpairedPlaygrounds_small.jpg"/> <cite>Courtesy of Jennifer Vanos</cite>
<figcaption>
An infrared thermal camera shows the difference shade makes in temperature. The splash park with shade at least 40 degrees cooler than the benches and ground in the direct sun.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EZd5kt">
Vanos’s thermal camera shows how different qualities of shade make a difference. Even partial shade is better than nothing.
</p>
<div>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="The green slide at a sunny playground is surrounded by other playground equipment and the grass of a park in the background." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/7zW_Hf3Dn80SHYbOzRyMg930eWY=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24764167/04_Left_TIRpairedPlaygrounds_small.jpg"/> <cite>Courtesy of Jennifer Vanos</cite>
<figcaption>
A slide at a playground.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="The infrared image shows red on the ground beneath the slide that is in direct sunlight and shows blue, indicating cooler temperatures, underneath the shade from the playground equipment and underneath the trees and in the grass in the background." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/mMmJ9td5cpzwcs4cR8UmLNEa8Sg=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24764168/04_Right_TIRpairedPlaygrounds_small.jpg"/> <cite>Courtesy of Jennifer Vanos</cite>
<figcaption>
A thermal image shows the difference even partial shade can make for playground equipment.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="W6xlQv">
There are <a href="https://playgroundsafety.org/">national guidelines for playground safety</a> that dictate modern playgrounds should be constructed with certain materials, such as plastic and rubber. The surface of the playground needs to be soft to cushion any falls, so it is usually rubber or artificial turf, rather than grass. After accounting for all these concerns in playground design, Vanos explained that adding shade is often an afterthought.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Zb6TUa">
Bus stops have their own problems. The image captured by Vanos shows how a 100-degree bus stop can actually be 30 degrees higher because it is in the direct sun:
</p>
<div>
<div class="c-image-grid">
<div class="c-image-grid__item">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="The image, captured from the side of a bus stop, shows how little shade the bus stop provides, with the area around it in direct sunlight." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/V14jC8BE2GWMNeISEGBfbOAKv3E=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24764055/BusStop_Phoenix_01.jpg"/> <cite>Courtesy of Jennifer Vanos</cite>
<figcaption>
A bus stop in direct sunlight.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="c-image-grid__item">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="The image shows how the area around the bus stop is red, indicating higher temperatures, and only the shaded part of the bus stop is blue." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ObOUhjD-ZyLt72Wgo5YHvfKzZfE=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24764056/BusStop_Phoenix_02.jpg"/> <cite>Courtesy of Jennifer Vanos</cite>
<figcaption>
A thermal image of the same bus stop.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nfk1cw">
To get a better understanding of how to improve and intervene in public spaces, cities have partnered with heat researchers and NOAA to get to the bottom of where their heat is worst.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vDy2Tt">
Since 2017, NOAA has run an annual <a href="https://www.noaa.gov/news-release/noaa-communities-to-map-heat-inequities-in-14-states-1-international-city">Urban Heat Island mapping program</a> that sends volunteers out with heat and humidity sensors to take temperatures all over the city by bike or car. Morgan Zabow, community heat and health information coordinator at NOAA, said the data is collected over a single day, but ends up forming a snapshot of the inequities around a city. By the end of this summer, 75 communities will have collected and mapped this data.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6PbDYd">
Las Vegas is one of program participants that has used the data to start <a href="https://www.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=5aff8de1f90a4d8e97a199d780b49513">making interventions</a>. The city plans horizontal, slimline shelters (named for their low profile) at 100 bus stops in the hottest areas, and plans to eventually expand that to 80 percent of hotter neighborhoods.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pcZShs">
The solution seems cut and dry: Once cities map where it’s hottest, they should just add more shade. Unfortunately, it’s harder than that to get shade where it’s needed.
</p>
<div>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/KINaXpTguF2WFONAltMngb7M6kw=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24764169/05_Left_TIRpairedPlaygrounds_small.jpg"/> <cite>Courtesy of Jennifer Vanos</cite>
<figcaption>
A playground with a shaded section.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="Thermal imaging shows the shaded area of a playground as blue, while the sunny area beside it is red." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/WoZHT1j36B9xEGyopwNbtBOYcRE=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24764170/05_Right_TIRpairedPlaygrounds_small.jpg"/> <cite>Courtesy of Jennifer Vanos</cite>
<figcaption>
An overhanging shade makes the difference of almost 90 degrees in temperature for a playground.
</figcaption>
</figure></div></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="HSQ0pF">
Why can’t we just have more shade?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lROzKn">
Cities are getting better data to understand which public spaces are especially hot. And they’re using it to find interventions, but it’s often easier said than done.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IBZJf0">
The first challenge is: What kind of shade? Shade comes in many flavors. Trees provide many more benefits than just shade, such as cleaning air and cooling spaces, but aren’t the solution everywhere. Trees, planted now, won’t be useful for shading for another 20 or 30 years, so they are hardly a short-term solution for the heat. Also, not every space is equipped to handle a tree, due to competing power lines, pipes, and other common structures of the urban landscape.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0rPB95">
Bus stops face some of the same problems; planners need to think about visibility of <a href="https://nacto.org/publication/urban-street-design-guide/street-design-elements/transit-streets/bus-stops/">pedestrians, safety, sidewalk width, and competing structures</a>. The approval process for a bus shelter can be restrictive and imposing in some states and cities. That was a situation LA ran up against — La Sombrita’s design was limited to shade that could be created vertically and would have a slim profile.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="48BiWI">
Sometimes the solution isn’t always in design. “One approach is really actually just having more frequent bus service so that someone isn’t spending as much time waiting for the bus,” said Alex Engel, senior communications manager of National Association of City Transportation Officials. “If that bus is coming every 30–45 minutes, that might be intolerable. But if you have a fast, frequent bus network where the bus is coming in two minutes or less, you’re only waiting a few minutes.” Funding more public transit overall, even if it’s not directly targeted at addressing heat, can indirectly help.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2A7j2f">
Just as there are many different flavors of heat, there are <a href="https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/102/9/BAMS-D-20-0193.1.xml">many different kinds of shade</a>. Vanos explained there’s vertical shade — when a wall casts shade — or horizontal shade, made by a sail or roof. Sometimes a space only accommodates partial shade, angled to provide shade for part of a day. Urban planners can look at these shade structures in the short-term to help cope with the heat. That buys them time to find more effective solutions, including bringing more greenery and trees into public areas.
</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>What the siege of Jenin signals about the future of Israel and Palestine</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Children sit on stairs in a ruined building. " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/VBvt3KOKgfqUQFPL3o2q9uWkQx8=/667x0:6000x4000/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72429142/1501991343.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Children look on as they sit along a staircase by the rubble and broken furniture of a destroyed flat in a building in the occupied West Bank city of Jenin on July 5, 2023, after the Israeli army declared the end of a two-day military operation in the area. | Ahmad Gharabli/AFP via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The Israeli raid on Jenin appears over. But the next one could come at any time.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WOauAq">
This week, Israeli forces besieged the Jenin refugee camp in the occupied West Bank. It was perhaps the biggest escalation there in two decades. It’s also of a piece with the policies of the current Israeli government.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JXWSIY">
On Monday, Israeli forces conducted an operation with airstrikes and military personnel. About 1,000 Israeli troops entered Jenin over those two days, according to the Israeli press, in what the government said was a counterterrorism operation.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0L7aEh">
At least <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/05/world/middleeast/israel-withdraws-jenin-west-bank.html">12 Palestinians were killed</a>, several of them militants; over 100 Palestinians were wounded; and one Israeli soldier was killed. The Palestinian health ministry <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/7/3/jenin-attack-live-israel-kills-eight-palestinians-tensions-high">said</a> that water and electricity systems in Jenin were damaged, and ambulances were blocked from reaching those in need of care.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="muti2o">
Amid the aerial attacks and bulldozers, thousands of Palestinians fled from their homes in Jenin. While many may return after homes are reconstructed, those shocking images were reminiscent of the catastrophe of 1948, which Palestinians call the <a href="https://www.vox.com/videos/2023/5/15/23723947/palestine-nakba-may-15-protests-israel">Nakba</a><em>, </em>when some 750,000 Palestinians were displaced from their homes. An “ongoing Nakba, a never-ending trauma,” is how Inès Abdel Razek, the advocacy director for the Palestine Institute for Public Diplomacy, described the situation. “You’re being displaced and re-displaced and denied your dignity and the right to be free within your homeland.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bNL6jS">
The Israeli attack represents a major escalation and the most intensive campaign in the West Bank since perhaps 2002, when Israeli forces destroyed parts of Jenin. But it also builds on an <a href="https://www.vox.com/world/2022/11/1/23434741/israel-election-palestine-under-siege-lions-den">exceedingly violent year in Jenin and across the occupied West Bank</a>, including ongoing Israeli raids on Palestinian homes there to crack down on grassroots resistance groups that use violence against the Israeli military. In May 2022, prominent Palestinian American Al Jazeera journalist <a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/5/11/23067365/shireen-abu-akleh-palestinian-journalist-killed-israel">Shireen Abu Akleh</a> was <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/program/fault-lines/2022/12/1/the-killing-of-shireen-abu-akleh">shot dead</a> covering the Israeli raids of Palestinian homes in Jenin.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DvVFmS">
Though Israeli forces appear to have ended the campaign on Jenin, experts told me that there are risks of this continuing and such large-scale attacks on West Bank cities becoming the new reality. This year so far has seen a tremendous number of Palestinian deaths in the West Bank, more than <a href="https://www.npr.org/2023/07/03/1185737592/at-least-3-palestinians-are-killed-as-israel-stages-a-large-raid-in-the-west-ban">130 Palestinians killed</a> so far this year, and is on track to overwhelmingly surpass 2022, which itself had set a tragic milestone, <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/12/29/palestinians-killed-west-bank-israel/">more than anytime in the past 15 years</a>, of 146 Palestinians killed in the West Bank.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hMvm5D">
Many factors have contributed to this tense and dangerous moment. The Israeli occupation of the West Bank has resulted in daily injustice for Palestinians since 1967, and that has been supercharged by the current <a href="https://www.vox.com/world/2023/1/20/23561464/israel-new-right-wing-government-extreme-protests-netanyahu-biden-ben-gvir">extreme-right Israeli government</a> that is <a href="https://www.vox.com/world-politics/2023/2/28/23617766/israeli-settler-rampage-palestine-violence-government">emboldening settler violence</a>, the annexation of Palestinian land, and settlement expansion. That encroachment has led to both new armed Palestinian militant groups and individual acts of violence — like <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/06/25/middleeast/west-bank-israeli-settler-violent-terrorism-intl/index.html">last week </a>when an Israeli military raid in Jenin killed seven Palestinians, seemingly leading to a retaliatory Palestinian shooting of four Israeli settlers, which then led to more settler violence against Palestinians, all within three days. Meanwhile, the <a href="https://www.vox.com/joe-biden">Biden administration</a> has supported what it referred to as an Israeli policy of “<a href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/us-state-department-warns-against-civilian-casualties-in-jenin/">self defense,</a>” further empowering the Israeli government at a time when Israelis had grown divided over Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s proposed judicial overhaul. For their part, young Palestinians are disenfranchised and see a Palestine Liberation Organization that offers no hope for political rights.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xE5vny">
So while the attack on Jenin represents a radical departure, it is also part of the way the Israeli occupation works. At any point, the next campaign could begin, in Jenin or in another city.
</p>
<h3 id="y6baVc">
The “Gazafication” of the West Bank
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="161Q90">
The shape and scale of this attack was new. The journalist Amjad Iraqi, writing in +972 Magazine, described the Israeli operation on Jenin as the <a href="https://www.972mag.com/israel-apartheid-jenin-gaza/">Gazafication</a> of the West Bank.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1CZ3CE">
<a href="https://www.vox.com/israel">Israel</a> has blockaded the occupied territory of Gaza for years and aggressively bombed Palestinians there as part of its counterterrorism campaigns in recent years. Hamas, which Israel and the US consider a terrorist group, in effect runs the government there. Palestinian militants have launched rockets into Israeli territory, and in response, Israel conducts operations against militants there that it calls “<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/05/14/israel-gaza-history/">mowing the grass</a>.” But that <a href="https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v36/n15/mouin-rabbani/israel-mows-the-lawn">violent process</a> has largely stayed in the confines of Gaza.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TnyIFM">
With over 600,000 Israeli settlers in the occupied West Bank and East Jerusalem, the territory has not experienced such an intensive bombardment. But now that dynamic appears to have changed.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="789ZFO">
The strict Israeli military occupation of the West Bank has largely rooted out the kind of organized resistance factions that have threatened Israeli national security interests. But a new generation of Palestinians has begun to resort to violence in response to the Israeli military, settler violence, and against Israelis in other situations.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="u6VFaq">
The Israeli government described its military activity in Jenin as self-defense. “We’re not trying to hold the ground. We’re acting against specific targets,” said Army spokesperson Lt. Col. Richard Hecht.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HBCijL">
These grassroots military groups have attacked Israeli soldiers, but analysts have questioned the extent of the threat that disparate Palestinian groups represent beyond occasional, uncoordinated attacks. “Their offensive operations have been confined to occasional, small-scale attacks on Israeli military outposts, checkpoints and settlers,” according to the International Crisis Group’s<a href="https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/east-mediterranean-mena/israelpalestine/new-generation-palestinian-armed"> field reporting</a>. “As things stand today, this new generation of armed groups does not yet seem to pose a major security threat. Interviews with residents, Fatah members and PA officials in Nablus suggest that the groups are small, disjointed and scattered, without clear leadership.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VAvaiO">
Tariq Kenney-Shawa, an analyst with the Palestinian research network Al-Shabaka, emphasizes the power asymmetry between the Israeli military and Palestinian military groups. “In Jenin refugee camp, they’re defending themselves from an Israeli invasion of the camp. They’re engaging in armed confrontations with soldiers who are part of one of the most advanced and most well-trained militaries on this planet, that has access to some of the best technology out there,” he told me.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="43JfLb">
Experts have been warning of a third intifada, or uprising, among Palestinians given their intense disenfranchisement at a time when the Israeli government appears to be moving forward with normalization deals with Arab states and leaving Palestinians behind. Israel might have conducted this week’s raid to weaken organized resistance groups, but experts said it might only further inflame resistance.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DKAEFH">
Ayman Yousef, a political scientist at Arab American University in Jenin, says the attacks have brought about “a huge solidarity among Palestinians.” He worries that this unification among Palestinians will cause Israel to view this operation as a failure, which could lead to further escalatory and retaliatory measures from Israel, including the possibility of targeted assassinations. “There is a backlash of this Israeli operation, a kind of reverse result, in that people are more prepared to fight till the last drop, as they say,” he told me.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="w4Onbp">
<a href="https://theconversation.com/jenin-has-long-been-seen-as-the-capital-of-palestinian-resistance-and-militancy-the-latest-raid-will-do-little-to-shake-that-reputation-209084">Jenin</a> looms large in Palestinian life and has been an epicenter of Palestinian resistance. In <a href="https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank/jenin-camp">1953</a>, the refugee camp was established, and nearly 50 years later during the second intifada, Israeli forces used jets and bulldozers to destroy parts of the camp. “The young people in the camp are still refugees today; their grandparents, or great-grandparents, had been expelled from Haifa by what became the Israeli army,” Abdel Razak explained. “We’re looking at a generation that’s only known the violence of the second intifada and its aftermath.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7AM5ls">
“You’re talking about a camp and city with neighborhoods that are completely destroyed, still besieged, still unfree, and now with damaged infrastructure, being separated and confined, like Israel did with Gaza,” Abdel Razak added. “If we are not addressing the root causes of apartheid and simply now go back to the situation of a few days ago, when is the next time?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ICqBS1">
A former Israeli official told the <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/05/world/middleeast/israel-military-jenin-palestinians.html">New York Times</a> that the next raid could come anytime, “even tomorrow.”
</p>
<h3 id="zE4xjn">
Can the US’s approach to the Israeli government change?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EFovEk">
The Israeli government pursuing the raids and attacks of Jenin are the most extreme right-wing in the country’s history. And many of its leaders in key cabinet positions have been clear in their intentions.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9QOuem">
In June, when Palestinian gunmen killed four in the West Bank, National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir threatened retribution against the West Bank, referring to it by the name that Israeli settlers often use. “It’s time for a military operation in Judea and Samaria, and to take down buildings from the air,” he <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/06/20/israel-jenin-palestinians-helicopters-raid/">said</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="h9LOut">
As Abdel Razak told me, “Even with such an Israeli government that is so blunt, and so clear of their intentions, international impunity is as strong as ever.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zNucur">
The Biden administration has drawn the line by not meeting with the most extreme cabinet members and representatives of this Israeli government. And last month, the US said it was “<a href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-06-26/ty-article/.premium/u-s-deeply-troubled-by-israels-decision-to-build-over-5-000-housing-units-in-west-bank/00000188-f93b-dd5e-a1ac-f9ff16590000">deeply troubled</a>” by the Israeli Defense Ministry’s announcement of 5,000 new settlements in the West Bank. But even as US public opinion has begun to shift toward a <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2022/05/26/modest-warming-in-u-s-views-on-israel-and-palestinians/">more favorable view of Palestinians</a>, that level of forthright condemnation has been lacking in the past few days with respect to Jenin, with the <a href="https://www.commondreams.org/news/rashida-tlaib-2662221373">exception</a> of a few members of <a href="https://www.vox.com/congress">Congress</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WJ5M04">
“We support Israel’s security and right to defend its people against Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, and other terrorist groups,” the White House said. And a State Department spokesperson said, “It is imperative to take all possible precautions to prevent the loss of civilian lives.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="g9XPn4">
“Because an operation like Jenin doesn’t get any condemnation, it basically gives a passive green light to the government to continue with such operations,” says Mairav Zonszein of the International Crisis Group.
</p></li>
<li><strong>Why pedestrian deaths in the US are at a 40-year high</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A photo of an In memory sign on the roadside" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/WIHB-927JEbkMQ7UA-5t2jM_WaE=/0x0:4000x3000/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72429099/GettyImages_168264633.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Cristian Lazzari/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
How many fatalities will it take to get officials to take the problem seriously?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="k5rJss">
How many deaths does it take to get the government to take a crisis seriously?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WgHGFS">
That’s the question raised by the Governors Highway Safety Association’s <a href="https://www.ghsa.org/sites/default/files/2023-06/GHSA%20-%20Pedestrian%20Traffic%20Fatalities%20by%20State%2C%202022%20Preliminary%20Data%20%28January-December%29.pdf">latest preliminary report</a> on pedestrian deaths in 2022. The annual overview of state data on <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/23496462/crisis-american-roads-pedestrian-traffic-deaths-safety">pedestrian fatalities</a> helps the public and policymakers get a better understanding of the overall picture of road safety in the US.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iTarow">
This year’s report makes clear how dangerous it is to walk in America: The GHSA projects that 7,508 people were killed while walking in 2022, the most pedestrians killed since 1981, when <a href="https://www.iihs.org/topics/fatality-statistics/detail/pedestrians">7,837 pedestrians were killed</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GPSWKq">
The roads were already getting deadlier for pedestrians before 2020, but the pandemic turbocharged the trend. In 2021, 7,624 pedestrians were killed in the United States, a 13 percent increase from the year before, when <a href="https://www.ghsa.org/resources/Pedestrians21">6,721 pedestrians were killed</a>. Between 2010 and 2021, the new GHSA report says, pedestrian fatalities <a href="https://www.ghsa.org/sites/default/files/2023-06/GHSA%20-%20Pedestrian%20Traffic%20Fatalities%20by%20State%2C%202022%20Preliminary%20Data%20%28January-December%29.pdf">increased 77 percent</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LLrIRm">
There’s no single explanation for why it’s getting more dangerous to walk on US roads, but there are a few major contributing factors. <a href="https://www.vox.com/23178764/florida-us19-deadliest-pedestrian-fatality-crisis">One is deadly road design</a>. In the decades after World War II, new communities emerged, centered on the premise that inhabitants would drive everywhere. Governments and regional planners designed wide, multi-lane arterial roads for high-speed travel. In the years since, traffic engineers and planners continued to widen those roads and add lanes, ostensibly to address congestion, while local officials approved commercial development alongside them. It led to what former traffic engineer and <a href="https://www.strongtowns.org/contributors-journal/charles-marohn">Strong Towns founder </a><a href="mailto:marohn@strongtowns.org">Charles Marohn</a> calls “stroads.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8b0rEY">
In Marohn’s parlance, a street is a gathering place, where people can shop, dine, and live. It needs to be designed for pedestrians to be able to safely access the businesses around it, while a road is designed to move cars efficiently from point A to point B. A stroad is the worst of both worlds, and is incredibly dangerous to pedestrians. The data bears this out: In 2021, the latest GHSA report says, 60.4 percent of pedestrian fatalities happened on such roads, which often lack infrastructure that would make it safe for pedestrians, such as good lighting and frequent crosswalks. As a consequence, many of the people killed last year were struck at night.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KN7EqZ">
Another major factor contributing to climbing pedestrian fatalities is the American love affair with big vehicles. Over the last 20-plus years, US consumers have turned away from the small cars that used to dominate our roadways in favor of increasingly larger SUVs and light trucks. These larger, heavier vehicles create big blind spots and are <a href="https://www.vox.com/23462548/allison-hart-pedestrian-deaths-suvs-deadliest-roads">more deadly to pedestrians when they strike them — especially children</a>. From 2000 to 2019, smaller vehicles such as sedans dropped from <a href="https://www.justintyndall.com/uploads/2/8/5/5/28559839/tyndall_pedestrian.pdf">60 percent of all vehicles to around 40 percent</a>, while the number of SUVs surged, from 10 percent to over 30 percent. In 2021, trucks and SUVs made up <a href="https://jalopnik.com/trucks-and-suvs-are-now-over-80-percent-of-new-car-sale-1848427797">more than 80 percent of new vehicle sales</a>, and there’s little sign of that trend abating, now that auto manufacturers are increasingly turning their production efforts <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2023/05/07/new-car-market-high-interest-rates/">toward more profitable luxury vehicles</a>. Electric vehicles, being boosted by manufacturers and policymakers as the environmentally friendly future of automotive travel, are also <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2023/1/12/23550948/acceleration-cold-weather-tesla-ford-150-electric-vehicle-transition">significantly heavier than their gas-powered counterparts</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ESHduR">
Other potential factors are harder to prove but would probably make sense to anyone who’s almost been run over in a crosswalk the last few years: One theory is that the pandemic, which saw more people staying at home and upended the usual traffic patterns, encouraged drivers to behave more recklessly because the roads were emptier. Another is that the turmoil of the pandemic, plus political and social unrest in 2020, led to a fraying of the social contract, with people — including drivers — acting more aggressive and unpredictable in public settings. A third is that the police, in response to the <a href="https://www.vox.com/race">Black Lives Matter</a> protests and other critiques of law enforcement, <a href="https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2023/06/why-pedestrian-deaths-are-skyrocketing-in-america.html">have largely given up on enforcing road safety</a>, leading drivers to reasonably assume that they can drive dangerously without facing consequences.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="C47LNs">
In a society where the car is so central that most Americans get behind the wheel every day without thinking about the broader consequences of auto dependency, it’s easy to view pedestrian deaths as an unfortunate but unavoidable reality. In fact, the United States has a uniquely terrible track record on pedestrian fatalities, which are continuing to increase here <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/27/upshot/road-deaths-pedestrians-cyclists.html">while they decline in many other countries</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tfHpnW">
There are a multitude of reasons peer countries are getting safer for pedestrians while the US gets deadlier. They include better regulation of vehicle design and size, the adoption of safe technology requirements for vehicles that take into account both vehicle occupants and pedestrians and cyclists, and more aggressive street-calming measures including narrower lanes, slower speed limits, protected bike lanes, and even car-free streets. Maybe most importantly, other developed nations have political leaders who move aggressively and unapologetically toward making streets safer.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QaXHhs">
The mayor of Paris, Anne Hidalgo, has significantly <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-10-25/paris-car-ban-court-upholds-mayor-anne-hidalgo-s-plan">limited cars on streets in the city’s core</a>, added scores of bike trails, and articulated a vision of safety culture that puts pedestrians first. Leaders in <a href="https://www.fastcompany.com/90294948/what-happened-when-oslo-decided-to-make-its-downtown-basically-car-free">Oslo, Norway</a>, and <a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/pontevedra-city-pioneer-europe-car-free-future/">several other cities</a> have made similar moves.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jo2y4p">
In the United States, <a href="https://www.curbed.com/2022/06/hoboken-traffic-deaths-none-vision-zero-streets.html">with a few notable exceptions</a>, political leaders have paid lip service to the goal of reducing pedestrian deaths <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2022-04-11/-vision-zero-at-a-crossroads-as-u-s-traffic-death-rise">without committing to the necessary policy changes that would save lives</a>. The federal government, meanwhile, has<a href="https://usa.streetsblog.org/2021/06/04/regulators-arent-taming-u-s-megacar-crisis"> failed to address the problem of SUVs and trucks getting bigger</a>, even though researchers have known for decades that large vehicles are deadlier to pedestrians. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, after intense campaigning from safety advocates, finally announced in late May that it would begin considering the safety of vehicles for people outside of them — something European regulators have long done — but those safety considerations<a href="https://www.route-fifty.com/infrastructure/2023/05/nhtsa-proposes-pass-fail-pedestrian-safety-rating-vehicles/386710/"> won’t be included in the government’s five-star safety rating system</a> for new vehicles, meaning people can still buy cars that are deadly to pedestrians but rated five stars for safety. Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg, when asked about vehicle size and pedestrian fatalities in a<a href="https://www.fastcompany.com/90841997/this-is-a-preventable-crisis-pete-buttigieg-on-spending-800-million-to-eliminate-traffic-deaths"> recent interview</a>, said more research needs to be done before introducing new regulations — even though <a href="https://smartgrowthamerica.org/bigger-vehicles-are-directly-resulting-in-more-deaths-of-people-walking/">the research is clear</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="u0jdGe">
In the Netherlands in 1970, the country was overrun by cars, and pedestrian fatality rates were soaring. In 1971, 3,300 people were killed, more than 400 of them children. The Dutch public was incensed. They started a movement, <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/may/05/amsterdam-bicycle-capital-world-transport-cycling-kindermoord">Stop de Kindermoord </a>— “Stop the Child Murder” — and staged large protests in Amsterdam. Government officials took notice. They instituted car-free days, added bike lanes, and put the country on the path to being <a href="https://road-safety.transport.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2023-02/erso-country-overview-2023-netherlands_0.pdf">one of the safest countries</a> for pedestrians on earth.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="od3eFj">
For the Dutch, the limit was 400 children in one year. How many deaths will it take to make US officials prioritize pedestrian safety? We apparently haven’t reached the limit yet.
</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>With big names missing, chance for young weightlifters to impress</strong> - Commonwealth weightlifting championships, Asian junior meet scheduled later this month</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Czar, Destroyer, Success, Emperor Roderic, Swift and Rival impress</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>We don’t focus on what is happening in PCB, we just focus on cricket: Babar Azam</strong> - Pakistan team is working on its plans for the Asia Cup and World Cup keeping in mind its strengths and the conditions in the host countries, Babar Azam said</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>PSG fires coach Galtier, replaces him with Luis Enrique</strong> - Paris Saint-Germain fired coach Christophe Galtier after a disappointing season</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sindhu, Sen enter second round of Canada Open</strong> - P.V. Sindhu and Lakshya Sen join men’s doubles pair of Krishna Prasad Garaga and Vishnuvardhan Goud Panjal as they cruise into second round</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>TSIIC officials visit Buddhavanam at Nagarjunasagar</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Case against AICC secretary for remarks on Pinarayi</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>I’m NCP chief, asserts Sharad Pawar</strong> - Truth will come out: Sharad Pawar on Ajit Pawar’s claim of having majority.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Kerala HC extends stay in firing case against K. Sudhakaran</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Higher Education Minister Ponmudy acquitted in land grab case</strong> -</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Wagner boss Prigozhin is in Russia, Belarus ruler Lukashenko says</strong> - Alexander Lukashenko says Prigozhin, who led a short-lived mutiny in Russia, is in St Petersburg.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Four killed in Lviv as Russian strike hits apartment building in western city</strong> - Among the dead are a 21-year-old women and a 95-year-old who had survived World War Two.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sweden jails Kurd for financing terrorism after Turkey calls for crackdown</strong> - The judge insists the verdict is not related in any way to Sweden’s bid to join Nato.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Silvio Berlusconi: Former Italian PM’s eldest children get majority stake</strong> - The will of one of Italy’s richest men gives control to his two eldest children.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Why did RTÉ spend €12k on Springsteen tickets?</strong> - From Tubridy to flip-flops, BBC News has your guide to the scandal facing the Irish broadcaster.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>June extremes suggest parts of climate system are reaching tipping points</strong> - Research shows heat domes, wildfires, and vanishing polar ice are the symptoms. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1951854">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>India, a growing space power, is forging closer ties with NASA</strong> - Details of a potential US-Indian partnership in human spaceflight remain murky. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1951847">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>US maternal deaths more than doubled over two decades, study estimates</strong> - Black people have the highest overall rates of deaths in the US. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1951838">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Check out the official renders of Samsung’s next foldables</strong> - The Fold 5 and Flip 5 will do battle against an increasing number of foldables. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1951792">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Archaeologists may have found ruins of fabled entrance to Zapotec underworld</strong> - Spanish missionaries deemed Lyobaa to be a “back door to hell” and sealed all entrances. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1951723">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Yo mama so fat</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
her pronouns are Hershey
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/dQcOb"> /u/dQcOb </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/14ry6yl/yo_mama_so_fat/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/14ry6yl/yo_mama_so_fat/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Are my testicles Black?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A male patient is lying in bed in the hospital, wearing an oxygen mask over his mouth and nose. A young student nurse appears and gives him a partial sponge bath.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Nurse,”’ he mumbles from behind the mask, “are my testicles black?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Embarrassed, the young nurse replies, “I don’t know, Sir. I’m only here to wash your upper body and feet.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He struggles to ask again, “Nurse, please check for me. Are my testicles black?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Concerned that he might elevate his blood pressure and heart rate from worrying about his testicles, she overcomes her embarrassment and pulls back the covers.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
She raises his gown, holds his manhood in one hand and his testicles in the other.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
She looks very closely and says, “There’s nothing wrong with them, Sir. They look fine.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The man slowly pulls off his oxygen mask, smiles at her, and says very slowly, "Thank you very much. That was wonderful. Now listen very, very closely:
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Are - my - test - results - back?"
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Buddy2269"> /u/Buddy2269 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/14rp3tk/are_my_testicles_black/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/14rp3tk/are_my_testicles_black/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The World’s Best Ethnic Joke.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
An Englishman, a Scotsman, an Irishman, a Turk, a German, an Indian, an American, an Argentinean, a Dane, am Australian, a Slovakian, an Egyptian, a Japanese, a Moroccan, a Frenchman, a New Zealander, a Spaniard, a Russian, a Guatemalan, a Columbian, a Pakistani, a Malaysian, a Croatian, a Pole, a Lithuanian, a Chinese, a Sri Lankan, a Lebanese, a Cayman Islander, a Ugandan, a Vietnamese, a Korean, a Uruguayan, a Czech, an Icelander, a Mexican, a Finn, a Honduran, a Panamanian, an Andorran, an Israeli, a Venezuelan, a Fijian, a Peruvian, an Estonian, a Brazilian, a Portugese, a Liechtensteiner, a Mongolian, a Hungarian, a Canadian, a Moldovan, a Haitian, a Norfolk Islander, a Macedonian, a Bolivian, a Cook Islander, a Tajikistani, a Samoan, an Armenian, an Aruban, an Albanian, a Greenlander, a Micronesian, a Virgin Islander, a Georgian, a Bahaman, a Belarusian, a Cuban, a Tongan, a Cambodian, a Qatari, an Azerbaijani, a Romanian, a Chilean, a Kyrgyztani, a Jamaican, a Filipino, a Ukranian, a Dutchman, a Taiwanese, an Ecuadorian, a Costa Rican, a Swede, a Bulgarian, a Serb, a Swiss, a Greek, a Belgian, a Singaporean, an Italian, and a Norwegian walk into a fine restaurant. “I’m sorry,” said the maître d’, “but you can’t come in here without a Thai.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/kickypie"> /u/kickypie </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/14s3tqo/the_worlds_best_ethnic_joke/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/14s3tqo/the_worlds_best_ethnic_joke/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>In my twenties, I lived in a houseboat and I started dating the girl next door.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Eventually….we drifted apart.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/porichoygupto"> /u/porichoygupto </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/14riqvg/in_my_twenties_i_lived_in_a_houseboat_and_i/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/14riqvg/in_my_twenties_i_lived_in_a_houseboat_and_i/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What are some “clean” dark jokes?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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I’ll start: What’s the difference between Hitler and Usain Bolt? Usain Bolt can finish a race.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/buzzsawblade"> /u/buzzsawblade </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/14s4ygt/what_are_some_clean_dark_jokes/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/14s4ygt/what_are_some_clean_dark_jokes/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
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