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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Aripiprazole as a candidate treatment of COVID-19 identified through genomic analysis</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: Antipsychotics suppress expression of inflammatory cytokines and inducible inflammatory enzymes. Elopiprazole (a phenylpiperazine antipsychotic drug in phase 1) has been characterized as a therapeutic drug to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection in a repurposing study. We aim to investigate the potential effects of aripiprazole (an FDA approved phenylpiperazine) on COVID19-related immunological parameters. Methods: Differential gene expression profiles of non-COVID versus COVID RNA-Seq samples (CRA002390 project in GSA database) and drug-naive patients with psychosis at baseline and after three months of aripiprazole treatment was identified. An integrative analysis between COVID and aripiprazole immunomodulatory antagonist effects was performed. Findings: 82 out the 377 genes (21.7%) with expression significantly altered by aripiprazole have also their expression altered in COVID-19 patients and in 93.9% of these genes their expression is reverted by aripiprazole. The number of common genes with expression altered in both analyses is significantly higher than expected (Fisher9s Exact Test, two tail; P value=3.2e-11). 11 KEGG pathways were significantly enriched with genes with altered expression both in COVID-19 patients and aripiprazole medicated schizophrenia patients (P adj&lt;0.05). The most significant pathways were associated to the immune system such as the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (the most significant pathway with a P adj of 0.00021), Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation and B cell receptor signaling pathway, all three related to the defense against infections. Interpretation: This exploratory investigation may provide further support to the notion that protective effect is exerted by phenylpiperazine by modulating the immunological dysregulation associated to COVID-19. Along with many ongoing studies and clinical trials, repurposing available medications could be of use in countering SARS-CoV-2 infection, but require further studies and trials.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.05.20244590v3" target="_blank">Aripiprazole as a candidate treatment of COVID-19 identified through genomic analysis</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Mask exposure during COVID-19 changes emotional face processing</strong> -
<div>
Faces are one of the key ways that we obtain social information about others. They allow people to identify individuals, understand conversational cues, and make judgements about other’s mental states. When the COVID-19 pandemic hit the United States, widespread mask-wearing practices were implemented, causing a shift in the way Americans typically interact. This introduction of masks into social exchanges posed a potential challenge – how would people make these important inferences about others when a large source of information was no longer available? We conducted two studies that investigated the impact of mask exposure on emotion perception. In particular, we measured how participants used facial landmarks (visual cues) and the expressed valence and arousal (affective cues), to make similarity judgements about pairs of emotion faces. Study 1 found that participants with higher levels of mask exposure used cues from the eyes to a greater extent when judging emotion similarity than participants with less mask exposure. Study 2 measured participants’ emotion perception in both April and September 2020 – before and after widespread mask adoption – in the same group of participants to examine changes in the use of facial cues over time. Results revealed an overall increase in the use of visual cues from April to September. Further, as mask exposure increased, people with the most social interaction showed the largest increase in the use of visual facial cues. These results provide evidence that a shift has occurred in how people process faces such that the more people are interacting with others that are wearing masks, the more they have learned to focus on visual cues from the eye area of the face.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/yjfg3/" target="_blank">Mask exposure during COVID-19 changes emotional face processing</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Parental Social Isolation and Child Maltreatment Risk During the COVID-19 Pandemic</strong> -
<div>
Background: On March 11, 2020, COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The social isolation and economic stress resulting from pandemic have the potential to exacerbate child abuse and neglect. Objective: This study examines the association of parents’ perceived social isolation and recent employment loss to risk for child maltreatment (neglect, verbal aggression, and physical punishment) in the early weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants and Setting: Participants (N = 283) were adults living in the U.S. who were parents of at least one child 0-12 years of age. Methods: Participants completed an online survey approximately 2 weeks after the World Health Organization declared that COVID-19 was a pandemic. The survey asked about recent changes (i.e., in the past 2 weeks) to employment status, parenting behaviors, use of discipline, use of spanking, and depressive symptoms. Results: Parents’ perceived social isolation and recent employment loss were associated with self-report of physical and emotional neglect and verbal aggression against the child, even after statistically controlling for parental depressive symptoms, income, and sociodemographic factors. Parents’ perceived social isolation was associated with parental report of changes in discipline, specifically, using discipline and spanking more often in the past 2 weeks. Associations were robust to analyses that included two variables that assessed days spent social distancing and days spent in “lockdown.” Conclusions: Study results point to the need for mental health supports to parents and children to ameliorate the strain created by COVID-19.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/2wfgr/" target="_blank">Parental Social Isolation and Child Maltreatment Risk During the COVID-19 Pandemic</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Diverse Functional Autoantibodies in Patients with COVID-19</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
COVID-19 manifests with a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes that are characterized by exaggerated and misdirected host immune responses. While pathological innate immune activation is well documented in severe disease, the impact of autoantibodies on disease progression is less defined. Here, we used a high-throughput autoantibody discovery technique called Rapid Extracellular Antigen Profiling (REAP) to screen a cohort of 194 SARS-CoV-2 infected COVID-19 patients and healthcare workers for autoantibodies against 2,770 extracellular and secreted proteins (the "exoproteome"). We found that COVID-19 patients exhibit dramatic increases in autoantibody reactivities compared to uninfected controls, with a high prevalence of autoantibodies against immunomodulatory proteins including cytokines, chemokines, complement components, and cell surface proteins. We established that these autoantibodies perturb immune function and impair virological control by inhibiting immunoreceptor signaling and by altering peripheral immune cell composition, and found that murine surrogates of these autoantibodies exacerbate disease severity in a mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Analysis of autoantibodies against tissue-associated antigens revealed associations with specific clinical characteristics and disease severity. In summary, these findings implicate a pathological role for exoproteome-directed autoantibodies in COVID-19 with diverse impacts on immune functionality and associations with clinical outcomes.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.10.20247205v3" target="_blank">Diverse Functional Autoantibodies in Patients with COVID-19</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Addressing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Decontamination: Methylene Blue and Light Inactivates SARS-CoV-2 on N95 Respirators and Masks with Maintenance of Integrity and Fit</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in severe shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE) necessary to protect front-line healthcare personnel. These shortages underscore the urgent need for simple, efficient, and inexpensive methods to decontaminate SARS-CoV-2-exposed PPE enabling safe reuse of masks and respirators. Efficient decontamination must be available not only in low-resourced settings, but also in well-resourced settings affected by PPE shortages. Methylene blue (MB) photochemical treatment, hitherto with many clinical applications including those used to inactivate virus in plasma, presents a novel approach for widely applicable PPE decontamination. Dry heat (DH) treatment is another potential low-cost decontamination method. Methods: MB and light (MBL) and DH treatments were used to inactivate coronavirus on respirator and mask material. We tested three N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs), two medical masks (MMs), and one cloth community mask (CM). FFR/MM/CM materials were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 (a Betacoronavirus), murine hepatitis virus (MHV) (a Betacoronavirus), or porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) (an Alphacoronavirus), and treated with 10 μM MB followed by 50,000 lux of broad-spectrum light or 12,500 lux of red light for 30 minutes, or with 75°C DH for 60 minutes. In parallel, we tested respirator and mask integrity using several standard methods and compared to the FDA-authorized vaporized hydrogen peroxide plus ozone (VHP+O3) decontamination method. Intact FFRs/MMs/CM were subjected to five cycles of decontamination (5CD) to assess integrity using International Standardization Organization (ISO), American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) test methods. Findings: Overall, MBL robustly and consistently inactivated all three coronaviruses with at least a 4-log reduction. DH yielded similar results, with the exception of MHV, which was only reduced by 2-log after treatment. FFR/MM integrity was maintained for 5 cycles of MBL or DH treatment, whereas one FFR failed after 5 cycles of VHP+O3. Baseline performance for the CM was variable, but reduction of integrity was minimal. Interpretation: Methylene blue with light and DH treatment decontaminated masks and respirators by inactivating three tested coronaviruses without compromising integrity through 5CD. MBL decontamination of masks is effective, low-cost and does not require specialized equipment, making it applicable in all-resource settings. These attractive features support the utilization and continued development of this novel PPE decontamination method.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.11.20236919v2" target="_blank">Addressing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Decontamination: Methylene Blue and Light Inactivates SARS-CoV-2 on N95 Respirators and Masks with Maintenance of Integrity and Fit</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Social and racial inequalities in COVID-19 risk of hospitalisation and death across Sao Paulo state, Brazil</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: Little evidence exists on the differential health effects of COVID-19 on disadvantaged population groups. Here we characterise the differential risk of hospitalisation and death in Sao Paulo state, Brazil and show how vulnerability to COVID-19 is shaped by socioeconomic inequalities. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using hospitalised severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) notified from March to August 2020, in the Sistema de Monitoramento Inteligente de Sao Paulo (SIMI-SP) database. We examined the risk of hospitalisation and death by race and socioeconomic status using multiple datasets for individual-level and spatio-temporal analyses. We explained these inequalities according to differences in daily mobility from mobile phone data, teleworking behaviour, and comorbidities. Findings: Throughout the study period, patients living in the 40% poorest areas were more likely to die when compared to patients living in the 5% wealthiest areas (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.48 - 1.74) and were more likely to be hospitalised between April and July, 2020 (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04 - 1.12). Black and Pardo individuals were more likely to be hospitalised when compared to White individuals (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.32 - 1.41; OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.21 - 1.25, respectively), and were more likely to die (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.07 - 1.21; 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05 - 1.13, respectively). Interpretation: Low-income and Black and Pardo communities are more likely to die with COVID-19. This is associated with differential access to healthcare, adherence to social distancing, and the higher prevalence of comorbidities.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.09.20246207v1" target="_blank">Social and racial inequalities in COVID-19 risk of hospitalisation and death across Sao Paulo state, Brazil</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Longitudinal Analysis of Short-term Changes in Relationship Conflict During COVID-19: A Risk and Resilience Perspective</strong> -
<div>
This study uses a risk and resilience framework to examine short-term self-reported changes in relationship conflict early in the COVID-19 pandemic (March and April 2020). Longitudinal data from U.S. adults in a romantic relationship (N = 291) were collected via three waves of an online survey. Participants self-reported anxiety, depression, increased alcohol use, and dyadic coping since the pandemic. Relationship conflict variables included whether the participant reported that they and their partner “had disagreements related to the Coronavirus,” “had more disagreements than usual,” “had more verbal fights than usual,” and “had more physical fights than usual” in the past 2 weeks. Analyses controlled for sociodemographic characteristics as well as days spent in lockdown and employment change due to COVID-19. Results indicated that couples’ disagreement and verbal fighting scores increased from Time 1 to Time 2, but disagreements related to COVID-19 and physical fighting did not. Couples with higher levels of dyadic coping reported fewer fights and disagreements on average. However, dyadic coping did not buffer participants from increases in relationship conflict. Increased alcohol use since the pandemic was positively associated with disagreements related to COVID-19, disagreement scores, and verbal fighting scores. More days spent in lockdown was associated with increases in disagreements related to COVID-19. The conditions created by COVID-19 may contribute to worsening relationship conflict, even among couples who start with high levels of dyadic coping. Depression and alcohol use may contribute to poorer relationship quality during the pandemic. There is need for enhanced intervention and mental health supports to mitigate the potential effects of the pandemic on couples’ relationship functioning.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/yqv7j/" target="_blank">Longitudinal Analysis of Short-term Changes in Relationship Conflict During COVID-19: A Risk and Resilience Perspective</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The MERS-CoV receptor gene is among COVID-19 risk factors inherited from Neandertals</strong> -
<div>
In the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, two genetic regions derived from Neandertals have been shown to increase and decrease, respectively, the risk of falling severely ill upon infection. Here, we show that 2-8% of people in Eurasia carry a variant promoter region of the DPP4 gene inherited from Neandertals. This gene encodes an enzyme that serves as a receptor for the coronavirus MERS-CoV and is currently not believed to be a receptor for SARS-CoV-2. However, the Neandertal DPP4 variant doubles the risk to become critically ill in COVID-19.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.11.422139v1" target="_blank">The MERS-CoV receptor gene is among COVID-19 risk factors inherited from Neandertals</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Millisecond-scale molecular dynamics simulation of spike RBD structure reveals evolutionary adaption of SARS-CoV-2 to stably bind ACE2</strong> -
<div>
The Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 surface spike (S) protein interacts with host angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to gain entry to host cells and initiate infection 1-3. Detailed, accurate understanding of key interactions between S RBD and ACE2 provides critical information that may be leveraged in the development of strategies for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Utilizing the published sequences and cryo-EM structures of both the viral S RBD and ACE2 4,5, we performed in silico molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of free S RBD and of its interaction with ACE2 over the exceptionally long durations of 2.9 and 2 milliseconds, respectively, to elucidate the nature and relative affinity of S RBD surface residues for the ACE2 binding region. Our findings reveal that free S RBD has assumed an optimized ACE2 binding-ready conformation, incurring little entropic penalty for binding, an evolutionary adaptation that contributes to its high affinity for the receptor 6. We further identified high probability molecular binding interactions that inform both vaccine design and therapeutic development, which may include recombinant ACE2-based spike decoys 7 and/or allosteric S RBD-ACE2 binding inhibitors 8,9 to prevent or arrest infection and thus disease.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.11.422055v1" target="_blank">Millisecond-scale molecular dynamics simulation of spike RBD structure reveals evolutionary adaption of SARS-CoV-2 to stably bind ACE2</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>COVID-19 and Wellbeing: Demographics, Individual Differences, and Leadership Help Explain Pandemic Impact</strong> -
<div>
Across the globe, COVID-19 continues to disrupt everyday lives, with serious consequences for individuals' health and wellbeing. This retrospective, multinational survey study draws upon the Personal Resource Allocation (PRA) framework to explore how various demographic factors, individual differences, and leadership determine the perceived and actual impact of COVID-19 on health (mental, physical) and wellbeing (work, home, general) across five countries: Canada, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Having dependents under 12, working more hours since the onset, and having essential worker status led to better wellbeing outcomes. All three individual differences (adaptivity, resilience, remote work training) were positively related to engagement, with resilience and remote work also relating to better health for these individuals. Lastly, perceptions of COVID impact on mental and physical health had negative consequences for general wellbeing, while effective leadership perceptions predicted work engagement. No differences were found between the five countries. Findings highlight the importance of personal resources in determining the pandemic’s impact on wellbeing.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/ce84n/" target="_blank">COVID-19 and Wellbeing: Demographics, Individual Differences, and Leadership Help Explain Pandemic Impact</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Simultaneous Detection and Mutation Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and co-infections of multiple respiratory viruses by Rapid field-deployable sequencing</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Strategies for monitoring the COVID-19 infection are crucial for combating the pandemic. Here we describe a method for multiplex isothermal amplification-based sequencing and real-time analysis of multiple viral genomes. It can simultaneously detect SARS-CoV-2 and co-infecting respiratory viruses, and monitor mutations for up to 96 samples in real time. The method, termed NIRVANA for Nanopore sequencing of Isothermal Rapid Viral Amplification for Near real-time Analysis, showed high sensitivity and specificity for SARS-CoV-2 in 70 clinical samples. It also simultaneously detected other viral pathogens (e.g. influenza A) in clinical and municipal wastewater samples. It provides a rapid field-deployable solution of COVID-19 and co-infection detection and surveillance of the evolution of pandemic strains.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.12.20129247v2" target="_blank">Simultaneous Detection and Mutation Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and co-infections of multiple respiratory viruses by Rapid field-deployable sequencing</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Hunt Regional Medical Center Policy for Dapsone administration of ARDS by SARS-CoV-2</strong> -
<div>
A covid-19 committee at Hunt regional Medical centre reviewed the use of Dapsone use as an off label medication based upon treatment adjuncts and inflammasome thesis. It recommends that any physician can write this prescription. However, to ensure safe, appropriate, and accurate administration. Following general guidance is recommended.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/9c7wz/" target="_blank">Hunt Regional Medical Center Policy for Dapsone administration of ARDS by SARS-CoV-2</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Chest CT versus RT-PCR for the Detection of COVID-19: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Comparative Studies</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Objectives To compare the performance of chest computed tomography (CT) scan versus reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as the reference standard in the initial diagnostic assessment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Design A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A search of electronic information was conducted using the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, EMCARE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Setting Studies that compared the diagnostic performance within the same patient cohort of chest CT scan versus RT-PCR in COVID-19 suspected patients. Participants Thirteen non-randomised studies enrolling 4092 patients were identified. Main Outcome Measures Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were primary outcome measures. Secondary outcomes included other test performance characteristics and discrepant findings between both investigations. Results Chest CT had a sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 0.91 (0.82-0.98), 0.775 (0.25-1.00) and 0.87 (0.68-0.99), respectively, with RT-PCR as the reference. Importantly, early small, China-based studies tended to favour chest CT versus later larger, non-China studies. Conclusions A relatively high false positive rate can be expected with chest CT. It may still be useful, however, in patients with a suspicious clinical presentation of COVID-19 and a negative initial SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR. In acute cardiorespiratory presentations, negative CT scan and RT-PCR tests is likely to be reassuring.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.22.20136846v4" target="_blank">Chest CT versus RT-PCR for the Detection of COVID-19: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Comparative Studies</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Diverse Functional Autoantibodies in Patients with COVID-19</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
COVID-19 manifests with a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes that are characterized by exaggerated and misdirected host immune responses. While pathological innate immune activation is well documented in severe disease, the impact of autoantibodies on disease progression is less defined. Here, we used a high-throughput autoantibody discovery technique called Rapid Extracellular Antigen Profiling (REAP) to screen a cohort of 194 SARS-CoV-2 infected COVID-19 patients and healthcare workers for autoantibodies against 2,770 extracellular and secreted proteins (the "exoproteome"). We found that COVID-19 patients exhibit dramatic increases in autoantibody reactivities compared to uninfected controls, with a high prevalence of autoantibodies against immunomodulatory proteins including cytokines, chemokines, complement components, and cell surface proteins. We established that these autoantibodies perturb immune function and impair virological control by inhibiting immunoreceptor signaling and by altering peripheral immune cell composition, and found that murine surrogates of these autoantibodies exacerbate disease severity in a mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Analysis of autoantibodies against tissue-associated antigens revealed associations with specific clinical characteristics and disease severity. In summary, these findings implicate a pathological role for exoproteome-directed autoantibodies in COVID-19 with diverse impacts on immune functionality and associations with clinical outcomes.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.10.20247205v2" target="_blank">Diverse Functional Autoantibodies in Patients with COVID-19</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Effective post-exposure prophylaxis of Covid-19 is associated with use of hydroxychloroquine: Prospective re-analysis of a public dataset incorporating novel data.</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
BACKGROUND: A recent trial (NCT04308668) found that post-exposure prophylaxis with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was associated with a reduced incidence of Covid-19 by 17% overall; 36% in younger subjects, 31% in household contacts and 49% given within one day. To understand these trends, we re-analyzed the released dataset. METHODS: Our protocol conformed to the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT). We compared the incidence of Covid-19 after HCQ or placebo, stratifying by intervention lag, age, and gender. RESULTS: Requesting additional data, we found that 52% of subjects received medication 1-2 days after the intended overnight delivery; 19% of them outside the intended four-day intervention lag. After re-analysis, there was a reduced incidence of Covid-19 associated with HCQ compared with placebo (9.6% vs. 16.5%) when received Early (up to 3 days) after exposure (RR 0.58, 95%CI 0.35 - 0.97; p=0.044; NNT 14.5) but not Late (RR 1.22, 95%CI 0.72 - 2.04). We found a significant HCQ-associated Covid-19 reduction in subjects 18 to 45 years old with Early (RR 0.54, 95%CI 0.29-0.97; p=0.0448, NNT 11.5) but not Late (RR 1.02, 95%CI 0.55-1.89) prophylaxis, attenuated in older subjects (RR 0.75, 95%CI 0-27-2.05) and by co-morbidities. There were reductions associated with Early prophylaxis in household contacts (RR 0.35, 95%CI 0.13-0.89; p=0.025, NNT 5.7) and Health Care Workers (RR 0.74, 95%CI 0.4-1.38). We did not detect effects of gender, folate, zinc, or ascorbic acid. CONCLUSIONS: Using novel data with a prospective post hoc re-analysis, hydroxychloroquine, in an age-dependent manner, was associated with reduced illness compatible with Covid-19 or confirmed infection when supplied for post-exposure prophylaxis between 1 and 3 days after high-risk or moderate-risk exposure, at higher loading and maintenance doses than in similar studies. This finding warrants prospective confirmation. Registered with the Open Science Framework (last revised September 27, 2020, osf.io/fqtnw). Plain Language Summary A recent clinical trial examined the ability of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) to prevent Covid-19 just after an exposure to a person confirmed to have Covid-19. There was an HCQ-associated reduction of Covid-19 by an overall 17%; 36% in younger subjects, and 49% in subjects given HCQ within one day of being exposed. Likely because the study had too few patients to find what may have been a medically and economically meaningful, reduction, this effect was not statistically significant. Studying the trial data, we discovered an unintended and variable delay in the delivery of study drug which may have masked any drug effect. The investigators provided further information at our request that confirmed our theory. About half of the participants received drugs one or two days later than intended, about a fifth beyond the four days the investigators thought the drug might work. When we factored in this new information, we found that if HCQ was given early (up to three days after exposure), it was associated with a statistically significant 42% reduction of Covid-19. Giving HCQ later had no effect. There was a greater effect in younger (less than 45 years) rather than older subjects (47% vs. 25%). Gender did not seem to affect the results, but there was a greater HCQ-associated reduction (65%) when it was given early to people exposed to Covid-19 in a household environment rather than to health care workers (26%). The effects associated with HCQ were better in people without co-existing conditions. These re-calculations are important because the study, as originally analyzed, was the only randomized study that dealt with preventing Covid-19 cited by FDA to support a key public health decision made in June 2020 regarding HCQ. Although other studies have shown that the drug is not effective to treat established cases of Covid-19, our research suggests that that it is effective for prevention. Other prevention studies have failed to show a benefit of HCQ, possibly because they have used lower doses or have estimated the timing of dosing differently. Our research paves the way for our result to be confirmed under clinical trial conditions and for a re-examination of public health policy regarding this drug. Even with the introduction of vaccination, there remains a need for approaches like this to prevent Covid-19 while individual and community immunity develops, especially in subjects given a lower priority for vaccination. Short Summary A prospective re-analysis of a public dataset integrated with novel data found an HCQ-associated reduction of illness compatible with Covid-19 when received between 1 and 3 days after a high-risk or moderate-risk exposure (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.35-0.97, p=0.044, NNT14.5).
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.29.20235218v2" target="_blank">Effective post-exposure prophylaxis of Covid-19 is associated with use of hydroxychloroquine: Prospective re-analysis of a public dataset incorporating novel data.</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluating Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Benefit of Silmitasertib (CX-4945) in Subjects With Moderate COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Silmitasertib;   Drug: SOC<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Chris Recknor, MD<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Convalescent Plasma for Treatment of COVID-19: An Open Randomised Controlled Trial</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma;   Other: Standard of care<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Joakim Dillner;   Karolinska Institutet;   Danderyd Hospital;   Falu Hospital<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Phase II / III Study of COVID-19 DNA Vaccine (AG0302-COVID19)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Group A (AG0302-COVID19);   Biological: Group A (Placebo);   Biological: Group B (AG0302-COVID19);   Biological: Group B (Placebo)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   AnGes, Inc.;   Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Use of BCG Vaccine as a Preventive Measure for COVID-19 in Health Care Workers</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID 19 Vaccine<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: BCG vaccine<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro;   Ministry of Science and Technology, Brazil<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>At-Home Infusion Using Bamlanivimab in Participants With Mild to Moderate COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: bamlanivimab<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Daniel Griffin, MD PhD;   Eli Lilly and Company;   Optum, Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy and Safety of High-dose Vitamin C Combined With Chinese Medicine Against Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Alpha-interferon alpha, abidol, ribavirin, Buzhong Yiqi plus and minus formula, Huhuang Detoxicity Paste, Baimu Qingre Jiedu Paste, fumigation/inhalation of vitamin C;   Drug: Alpha-interferon, abidol, ribavirin, Buzhong Yiqi plus and minus formula, Huhuang Detoxicity Paste, Baimu Qingre Jiedu Paste and 5% glucose;   Drug: Alpha-interferon, abidol, ribavirin, Buzhong Yiqi plus and minus formula, Huhuang Detoxicity Paste, Baimu Qingre Jiedu Paste and high-dose vitamin C treatment<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>IFN-beta 1b and Remdesivir for COVID19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Interferon beta-1b;   Drug: Remdesivir<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   The University of Hong Kong<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 And Geko Evaluation: The CAGE Study</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Device: geko T3<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Lawson Health Research Institute<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Clinical Safety Study on AT-100 in Treating Adults With Severe COVID-19 Infection</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: AT-100<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Airway Therapeutics, Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>LYT-100 in Post-acute COVID-19 Respiratory Disease</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: LYT-100;   Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   PureTech;   Clinipace Worldwide;   Novotech (Australia) Pty Limited<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Resolving Inflammatory Storm in COVID-19 Patients by Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids -</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Omegaven®;   Drug: Sodium chloride<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Karolinska University Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>WHO COVID-19 Solidarity Trial for COVID-19 Treatments</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Remdesivir;   Drug: Acalabrutinib;   Drug: Interferon beta-1a;   Other: Standard of Care<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   The University of The West Indies<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Thrombosis Prevention Trials: Post-hospital Thromboprophylaxis</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Apixaban 2.5 MG;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Thomas Ortel, M.D., Ph.D.;   National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Urine Alkalinisation to Prevent AKI in COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Sodium Bicarbonate 150Meq/L/D5W Inj<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Outpatient Pragmatic Platform Study (COPPS) - Master Protocol</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Acebilustat;   Drug: Camostat<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Stanford University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Candidate Binding Sites for Allosteric Inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease from the Analysis of Large-Scale Molecular Dynamics Simulations</strong> - We analyzed a 100 μs MD trajectory of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease by a non-parametric data analysis approach which allows characterizing a free energy landscape as a simultaneous function of hundreds of variables. We identified several conformations that, when visited by the dynamics, are stable for several hundred nanoseconds. We explicitly characterize and describe these metastable states. In some of these configurations, the catalytic dyad is less accessible. Stabilizing them by a suitable...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), human erythrocytes and the PKC-alpha/-beta inhibitor chelerythrine -possible therapeutic implication</strong> - The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19. Until now, diverse drugs have been used for the treatment of COVID-19. These drugs are associated with severe side effects, e.g. induction of erythrocyte death, named eryptosis. This massively affects the oxygen (O(2)) supply of the organism. Therefore, three elementary aspects should be considered simultaneously: (1) a potential drug should directly attack the virus, (2) eliminate virus-infected host cells and (3)...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>First Report of Tocilizumab Use in a Cohort of Latin American Patients Hospitalized for Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia</strong> - Introduction/objectives: An interleukin-6 inhibition strategy could be effective in selected COVID-19 patients. The objective is to present our experience of tocilizumab use in patients with severe COVID-19. Methods: Observational retrospective cohort study. Hospitalized patients were evaluated by our multidisciplinary team for eventual use of tocilizumab. Patients with progressive ventilatory impairment and evidence of a hyperinflammatory state despite usual treatment received tocilizumab 8...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Repurposing Known Drugs as Covalent and Non-covalent Inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 Papain-Like Protease</strong> - In the absence of an approved vaccine, developing effective severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antivirals is essential to tackle the current pandemic health crisis due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread. As any traditional drug discovery program is a time-consuming and costly process requiring more than one decade to be completed, in silico repurposing of existing drugs is the preferred way for rapidly selecting promising clinical candidates. We present a...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Proton pump inhibitors and the risk of severe COVID-19: a post-hoc analysis from the Korean nationwide cohort</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Silybin B and Cianidanol Inhibit M pro and Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2: Evidence from in Silico Molecular Docking Studies</strong> - CONCLUSION: Silybin B and Cianidanol showed excellent binding and ADME properties compared with the currently endeavored drugs and can be exploited as therapeutic options against SARS-CoV-2 infection after experimental validation and clinical trials.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Natural Products Homoharringtonine and Emetine Alkaloids for SARSCoV-2 Treatment Options</strong> - CONCLUSION: This review specifically focuses on the recent findings of these alkaloids against coronaviruses and possible treatment options for SARS-CoV-2. It is expected that natural products as alkaloids from herbal plants could be considered as novel and valuable candidates for the new antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Protease-activated receptor 1 as a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19</strong> - Acute respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has spread all over the world, since its discovery in 2019, Wuhan, China. This disease is called COVID-19 and already killed over 1 million people worldwide. The clinical symptoms include fever, dry cough, dyspnea, headache, dizziness, generalized weakness, vomiting, and diarrhea. Unfortunately, so far, there is no validated vaccine, and its management consists mainly of supportive care. Venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Entry into Host Cells Using Small Molecules</strong> - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a virus belonging to the Coronavirus family, is now known to cause Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) which was first recognized in December 2019. Covid-19 leads to respiratory illnesses ranging from mild infections to pneumonia and lung failure. Strikingly, within a few months of its first report, Covid-19 has spread worldwide at an exceptionally high speed and it has caused enormous human casualties. As yet, there is no specific...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Topoisomerase 1 inhibition therapy protects against SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation and death in animal models</strong> - The ongoing pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently affecting millions of lives worldwide. Large retrospective studies indicate that an elevated level of inflammatory cytokines and pro-inflammatory factors are associated with both increased disease severity and mortality. Here, using multidimensional epigenetic, transcriptional, in vitro and in vivo analyses, we report that Topoisomerase 1 (Top1) inhibition suppresses lethal inflammation...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Amilorides inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro by targeting RNA structures</strong> - The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and the likelihood of future coronavirus pandemics, has rendered our understanding of coronavirus biology more essential than ever. Small molecule chemical probes offer to both reveal novel aspects of virus replication and to serve as leads for antiviral therapeutic development. The RNA-biased amiloride scaffold was recently tuned to target a viral RNA structure critical for translation in enterovirus 71, ultimately uncovering a novel mechanism to modulate positive-sense...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ca (2+) -dependent mechanism of membrane insertion and destabilization by the SARS-CoV-2 fusion peptide</strong> - Cell penetration after recognition of the SARS-CoV-2 virus by the ACE2 receptor, and the fusion of its viral envelope membrane with cellular membranes, are the early steps of infectivity. A region of the Spike protein (S) of the virus, identified as the "fusion peptide" (FP), is liberated at its N-terminal site by a specific cleavage occurring in concert with the interaction of the receptor binding domain of the Spike. Studies have shown that penetration is enhanced by the required binding of Ca...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Repurposing the Ebola and Marburg Virus Inhibitors Tilorone, Quinacrine and Pyronaridine: In vitro Activity Against SARS-CoV-2 and Potential Mechanisms</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 is a newly identified virus that has resulted in over 1.3 M deaths globally and over 59 M cases globally to date. Small molecule inhibitors that reverse disease severity have proven difficult to discover. One of the key approaches that has been widely applied in an effort to speed up the translation of drugs is drug repurposing. A few drugs have shown in vitro activity against Ebola virus and demonstrated activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vivo . Most notably the RNA polymerase targeting...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A proposed molecular mechanism for pathogenesis of severe RNA-viral pulmonary infections</strong> - Background: Certain riboviruses can cause severe pulmonary complications leading to death in some infected patients. We propose that DNA damage induced-apoptosis accelerates viral release, triggered by depletion of host RNA binding proteins (RBPs) from nuclear RNA bound to replicating viral sequences. Methods: Information theory-based analysis of interactions between RBPs and individual sequences in the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Influenza A (H3N1), HIV-1, and...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Emerging role of artificial intelligence in therapeutics for COVID-19: a systematic review</strong> - To elucidate the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in therapeutics for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Five databases were searched (December 2019-May 2020). We included both published and pre-print original articles in English that applied AI, machine learning or deep learning in drug repurposing, novel drug discovery, vaccine and antibody development for COVID-19. Out of 31 studies included, 16 studies applied AI for drug repurposing, whereas 10 studies utilized AI for novel drug...</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>"AYURVEDIC PROPRIETARY MEDICINE FOR TREATMENT OF SEVERWE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS 2 (SARS-COV-2."</strong> - AbstractAyurvedic Proprietary Medicine for treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)In one of the aspect of the present invention it is provided that Polyherbal combinations called Coufex (syrup) is prepared as Ayurvedic Proprietary Medicine , Aqueous Extracts Mixing with Sugar Syrup form the following herbal aqueous extract coriandrum sativum was used for the formulation of protek.Further another Polyherbal combination protek as syrup is prepared by the combining an aqueous extract of the medicinal herbs including Emblica officinalis, Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica, Aegle marmelos, Zingiber officinale, Ocimum sanctum, Adatoda zeylanica, Piper lingum, Andrographis panivulata, Coriandrum sativum, Tinospora cordiofolia, cuminum cyminum,piper nigrum was used for the formulation of Coufex.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Haptens, hapten conjugates, compositions thereof and method for their preparation and use</strong> - A method for performing a multiplexed diagnostic assay, such as for two or more different targets in a sample, is described. One embodiment comprised contacting the sample with two or more specific binding moieties that bind specifically to two or more different targets. The two or more specific binding moieties are conjugated to different haptens, and at least one of the haptens is an oxazole, a pyrazole, a thiazole, a nitroaryl compound other than dinitrophenyl, a benzofurazan, a triterpene, a urea, a thiourea, a rotenoid, a coumarin, a cyclolignan, a heterobiaryl, an azo aryl, or a benzodiazepine. The sample is contacted with two or more different anti-hapten antibodies that can be detected separately. The two or more different anti-hapten antibodies may be conjugated to different detectable labels.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>疫苗融合蛋白</strong> - 本申请涉及一种融合蛋白，所述融合蛋白包括SARS‑CoV‑2抗原多肽和鞭毛蛋白或其片段。本申请还提供了所述融合蛋白的制备方法和用途。本申请所述的融合蛋白能够诱导机体产生针对SARS‑CoV类病毒的抗原的细胞免疫反应。</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>AN EFFICIENT METHODOLOGY TO MANAGE THE ADMISSIONS IN HOSPITALS DURING THE PANDEMICS SUCH AS COVID 19</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>一种SARS-CoV-2假病毒小鼠体内包装系统及其制备方法</strong> - 本发明提供了一种假病毒小鼠体内包装系统的制备方法，包括以下步骤：S1基于慢病毒包装质粒系统和睡美人转座子系统构建SARS‑CoV‑2假病毒包装质粒系统，S2将步骤S1中SARS‑CoV‑2假病毒包装质粒系统与睡美人转座酶表达质粒混合通过水动力注射的方式转染小鼠肝细胞，然后睡美人转座子系统将SARS‑CoV‑2假病毒包装所需序列以剪切粘贴的方式整合到小鼠肝细胞的基因组。本发明可在小鼠体内持续制造分泌SARS‑CoV‑2假病毒，可模拟靶器官被SARS‑CoV‑2病毒持续侵入攻击的过程，从而可模拟出新冠肺炎（COVID‑19）的病理特征。基于SARS‑CoV‑2假病毒小鼠体内包装系统的动物模型安全性高，不需要P3级实验室就能开展研究。利用水动力注射的方式引入SARS‑CoV‑2假病毒包装质粒系统操作简单，成本低。</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>柴胡解毒药物组合物及其制备方法和应用</strong> - 本发明属于中药领域，具体涉及一种柴胡解毒药物组合物及其制备方法和应用，所述柴胡解毒药物组合物以质量份计由如下原料组分制成：柴胡30<sub>60份，黄芩15</sub>30份，法半夏15<sub>30份，生姜15</sub>30份，大枣5<sub>10份，枳实20</sub>40份，大黄10<sub>20份，桃仁10</sub>20份，白芍15~30份。本发明的柴胡解毒药物组合物能够显著改善普通型COVID‑19引起的咳嗽；能改善疫毒闭肺型重型COVID‑19引起的咳嗽，显著改善疫毒闭肺型重型COVID‑19引起的胸闷、气短和乏力等主要症状。另外经大量临床观察，本发明的柴胡解毒药物组合物能够显著改善疫毒闭肺型重型COVID‑19引起的发热面红，咳嗽，痰黄粘少，或痰中带血，喘憋气促，疲乏倦怠，口干苦粘，大便不畅，小便短赤等症状。</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>一种新型冠状病毒RBD核苷酸序列、优化方法与应用</strong> - 本发明公开了一种新型冠状病毒RBD核苷酸序列、优化方法与应用。属于基因工程技术领域。优化步骤：（1）对野生型新型冠状病毒RBD核苷酸序列进行初步优化；（2）将宿主细胞特异性高表达分泌蛋白信号肽序列进行优化；（3）将人IgG1‑Fc核苷酸序列进行优化；（4）将步骤（2）优化后的宿主细胞特异性高表达分泌蛋白信号肽核苷酸序列、步骤（1）得到的初步优化新型冠状病毒RBD核苷酸序列、连接子核苷酸序列和步骤（3）优化后的人IgG1‑Fc核苷酸序列依次连接即可。与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果：产生的克隆表达效率比野生新型冠状病毒RBD序列提高了约12倍，比中国仓鼠密码子偏性优化序列克隆表达效率提高了2倍。</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ASSISTING COMPLEX FOR TAKING OF BIOMATERIAL FROM MOUTH IN PANDEMIC CONDITIONS</strong> - FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine, namely to methods for contactless taking of biomaterial in tested person. Taking the biomaterial in the tested person is carried out in a room located in a dirty zone and separated by a partition from the clean zone, in which there is a laboratory assistant performing the procedure using a robotic complex. Complex includes digital controller, manipulator with tool unit, small manipulator, camera, monitor, control system of digital controller, manipulator, small manipulator, and complex control system. In the partition there are two holes: one – for installation and passage of the swab, the other – for the test tube installation. In the dirty zone there is a small manipulator having two actuators: one for movement of a test tube with a swab, and the second for positioning and placing a disposable mouthpiece. EFFECT: reduced risk of laboratory assistant and tested person infection by avoiding their direct contact. 17 cl, 1 dwg</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Antiinfektive Arzneiform zur Herstellung einer Nasenspülung gegen COVID-19</strong> -
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Einzeldosierte, wasserlösliche oder wassermischbare Arzneiform, umfassend mindestens einen antiinfektiven Arzneistoff, zur Herstellung einer Nasenspülung und/oder zur Verwendung in der lokalen Behandlung des menschlichen Nasenraums.
</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Antiinfektive Arzneiform zur Herstellung einer Nasenspülung gegen COVID-19</strong> -
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Einzeldosierte, wasserlösliche oder wassermischbare Arzneiform, umfassend mindestens einen antiinfektiven Arzneistoff, zur Herstellung einer Nasenspülung und/oder zur Verwendung in der lokalen Behandlung des menschlichen Nasenraums.
</p></li>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Dianne Feinstein’s Missteps Raise a Painful Age Question Among Senate Democrats</strong> - Older lawmakers’ foibles and infirmities are coming under new scrutiny, violating an unspoken culture of complicity and coverup. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/dianne-feinsteins-missteps-raise-a-painful-age-question-among-senate-democrats">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Distinct Political Paths of Barack Obama and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez</strong> - In elevating the New York congresswoman and gently criticizing her ideas, Obama has opened up a new conversation in the Democratic Party. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-distinct-political-paths-of-barack-obama-and-alexandria-ocasio-cortez">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Britain’s Vaccine Program Brings Joy and Chauvinism</strong> - Brexit colors a rare bright day in the country’s management of the pandemic. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-the-uk/britains-vaccine-program-brings-joy-and-chauvinism">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya Is Overcoming Her Fears</strong> - “Every country has its own path to democracy,” the leader of democratic Belarus says. “And this is ours.” - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-new-yorker-interview/sviatlana-tsikhanouskaya-is-overcoming-her-fears">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The G.O.P. Can No Longer Be Relied On to Protect Democracy</strong> - The gall of Kevin McCarthy and his fellow-backers of Trump’s attempts to overturn the results of the election is only surpassed by their irresponsibility and fecklessness. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-gop-can-no-longer-be-relied-on-to-protect-democracy">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Wall Street Journal op-ed about Jill Biden pairs virulent sexism with academic elitism</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Biden, in a dark blue jacket with a green collar and gold buttons, speaks outdoors in front of a US flag. She is lit by spotlight, and is gesturing broadly with her arms." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/6m_ghQqRatdrc9SuqRoTwYx8Zt0=/619x0:5568x3712/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/68503423/GettyImages_1229426070.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Jill Biden speaks during a Pennsylvania Biden-Harris rally in November 2020. | Jim Watson/AFP/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The article has been roundly criticized for attacking Biden for using the title “doctor” before her name.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wkEwBp">
On Saturday, the Wall Street Journal editorial page published an <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/is-there-a-doctor-in-the-white-house-not-if-you-need-an-m-d-11607727380?reflink=desktopwebshare_twitter">op-ed</a> criticizing incoming First Lady Jill Biden’s use of the title “doctor” — and immediately drew backlash for the article’s open sexism and condescension.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LqDhVJ">
The piece, “Is There a Doctor in the White House? Not if You Need an M.D.” by <a href="https://english.northwestern.edu/people/faculty/emeritus/joseph-epstein.html">Joseph Epstein</a>, an emeritus lecturer of English at Northwestern University, is ostensibly a foray into an <a href="https://www.kqed.org/science/1926489/should-all-ph-d-s-be-called-doctor-female-academics-say-yes">ongoing debate</a> over whether only medical doctors can claim the title, or whether it can also be used by PhDs or others with doctorates, such as Biden, who has a doctorate in educational leadership. (Many publications, including Vox, follow the Associated Press stylebook, which reserves “Dr.” for medical doctors.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0QVZsw">
Epstein’s op-ed, though, went beyond this argument to specifically belittle Biden’s credentials and her field of study, beginning with addressing Biden — who is 69 — as “kiddo.” In the op-ed, he describes her decision to use the title of doctor as something that “sounds and feels fraudulent, not to say a touch comic.” He also dismisses her doctoral dissertation, about keeping community college students enrolled, as “unpromising,” though he does not make clear whether he has read it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qWQhEx">
Many women in academia <a href="https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/feminism/2018/06/we-need-immodestwomen-when-so-many-men-are-unable-accept-female-expertise">struggle</a> to be addressed with the same respect given their male colleagues. And community colleges have long <a href="https://www.today.com/parenting-guides/countering-community-college-stigma-t179333">fought</a> a <a href="https://www.communitycollegereview.com/blog/overcoming-the-stigma-of-community-college">stigma</a> that <a href="https://www.insidehighered.com/admissions/article/2019/02/18/community-college-presidents-campaign-against-stigma-about-two-year">the education they offer is inferior</a> to their four-year counterparts.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yhyzxz">
Epstein’s op-ed played into both of those tropes — and struck a justifiable nerve.
</p>
<h3 id="QokTMA">
Biden’s students call her “Dr.” — but the op-ed insists she doesn’t deserve the title
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SH9CTg">
Biden, <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/11/12/jill-biden-first-lady-professor-436363">according to Politico</a>, has two master’s degrees and earned her doctorate in educational leadership from the University of Delaware in 2007; she was a <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/11/12/jill-biden-first-lady-professor-436363">community college professor</a> in northern Virginia while her husband was vice president. Though she took a <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/11/12/jill-biden-first-lady-professor-436363">leave of absence</a> during the campaign, she has said that she will <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/09/us/jill-biden-teacher-first-lady-history.html">continue to teach</a> while in the White House. Her students, <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/11/12/jill-biden-first-lady-professor-436363">according to Politico</a>, call her “Dr. B.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="clOcPc">
But Epstein suggests that Biden does not deserve to be referred to this way, writing that “a wise man once said that no one should call himself ‘Dr.’ unless he has delivered a child. Think about it, Dr. Jill, and forthwith drop the doc.” For anyone else who has earned the title to use it is “pathetic” to Epstein’s mind, and he claims it is meaningless anyway.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="g5qfNf">
Epstein goes on to argue the value of a doctorate has diminished in recent years in comparison to the olden days at Columbia University, when “a secretary sat outside the room where these [doctoral examinations] were administered, a pitcher of water and a glass on her desk. The water and glass were there for the candidates who fainted.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DXMeUl">
Epstein, who has an honorary doctorate himself but lacks one earned by study, also digresses from his critique of Biden to complain about the proliferation of honorary degrees, which recognize noteworthy contributions to scholarship, culture, or society, but don’t imply academic achievement. This is apparently a hobbyhorse of his: According to Epstein, he once sent a “complaining email” to the president of Northwestern University after Stephen Colbert and Seth Meyers received honorary doctorates.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9scMKd">
As Danielle Keifert, an assistant professor of education at the University of North Texas, succinctly put it <a href="https://twitter.com/dtothetk/status/1337815882643496961?s=20">on Twitter</a>, “the suggestion that honorary degrees water down the value of an earned doctorate is laughable. This dude thinks because he had one given to him the rest of us didn’t earn it.”
</p>
<div id="DZg2zi">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
The suggestion that honorary degrees water down the value of an earned doctorate is laughable. This dude thinks because he had one given to him the rest of us didn’t earn it.
</p>
— Danielle Keifert (<span class="citation">@dtothetk</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/dtothetk/status/1337815882643496961?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 12, 2020</a>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="S4Foln">
Epstein’s claims elicited strong reactions from many who found his tone offensive and his logic lacking — critics, ranging from members of Biden’s team to her fellow academics, repeatedly pointed out that the piece seemed ill-informed, paternalistic, and misogynistic.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="q1nNgT">
Biden’s future communications director <a href="https://twitter.com/EAlexander332/status/1337842272638021634?s=20">Elizabeth Alexander</a> called the piece “sexist and shameful” on Twitter, while Biden’s spokesperson, <a href="https://twitter.com/MichaelLaRosaDC/status/1337827869611991040?s=20">Michael LaRosa</a>, wrote, “If you had any respect for women at all [the Wall Street Journal] would remove this repugnant display of chauvinism from your paper and apologize to her.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vuUzFH">
“Dr. Biden can absolutely use her honorific. It was not bestowed upon her, she earned it,” <a href="https://twitter.com/DrChaya/status/1337783357552414720?s=20">Dr. Cathleen London tweeted</a>. “Those of us with MD will not suffer for her using it,”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KGChO1">
Sarah Parcak, an archeologist with a doctorate, responded with a tweet that reflected the overall response of many women doctors on Twitter, <a href="https://twitter.com/indyfromspace/status/1337780727883190273?s=20">writing</a>, “Dear Joseph Epstein, author of this garbage sexist article, Kiss my ass and go f*ck yourself.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nA6CO1">
As <a href="https://gufaculty360.georgetown.edu/s/contact/0033600001i3sNRAAY/donald-moynihan">Don Moynihan</a>, a professor of public policy at Georgetown University, points out on Twitter, there’s a good reason that doctors outside of the field of medicine, and especially women, make a point of using the title “doctor.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Vfjphq">
“This debate comes every so often on twitter,” Moynihan <a href="https://twitter.com/donmoyn/status/1337786971192766467?s=20">tweeted</a> as part of a longer thread, “so here is the conclusion: PhDs predate MDs, and the medical profession grabbed the title of doctor to make themselves appear more credible [and] Female &amp; POC scholars often [use “doctor”] as a way to insist people ... not overlook their real credentials.”
</p>
<div id="1hF1yW">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
This debate comes every so often on twitter, so here is the conclusion:<br/><em>PhDs predate MDs, and the medical profession grabbed the title of doctor to make themselves appear more credible<br/></em>Female &amp; POC scholars often as a way to insist people fo not overlook their real credentials
</p>
— Don Moynihan (<span class="citation">@donmoyn</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/donmoyn/status/1337786971192766467?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 12, 2020</a>
</blockquote>
</div>
<h3 id="3x5DiF">
The op-ed also implied that studying community colleges is useless
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iiGhbi">
Epstein, early in his op-ed, described Biden’s dissertation, titled “Student Retention at the Community College Level: Meeting Students’ Needs,” as “unpromising.” That dismissive comment — and again, it’s unclear if Epstein actually read the dissertation, or engaged with it at all beyond sniping at its title — does a grave disservice to an important issue.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1ZCYaX">
<a href="https://ccrc.tc.columbia.edu/Community-College-FAQs.html">According to data from fall 2018</a>, community college students make up about a third of the US undergraduate population — but from 2017 to 2018, <a href="https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator_ctr.asp">according to the National Center for Education Statistics</a>, the retention rate for two-year institutions, at about 62 percent, was almost 20 percent lower when compared to four-year institutions.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ey2Ibn">
There is some debate on what this means — <a href="https://www.communitycollegereview.com/blog/the-catch-22-of-community-college-graduation-rates#:~:text=As%20shown%20in%20the%20graph,students%20graduate%20in%20two%20years.&amp;text=Further%20data%20from%20AIR%20shows,and%20universities%20within%20six%20years.">as Grace Chen points out for Community College Review</a>, some students transfer from community colleges to four-year institutions without first completing an associate’s degree. But it’s hard to argue that bolstering retention rates for students who might otherwise never complete a degree isn’t a valuable enterprise. And this debate underscores the fact that it is a topic that requires further scholarship — making Biden’s addition to the field all the more germane.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="edZ6gM">
And Biden has made community colleges a priority beyond her dissertation. She has chosen to teach at one, the Northern Virginia Community College, for what the <a href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-feb-02-na-dr-jill-biden2-story.html">Los Angeles Times</a> reports is less than she might have earned at a state or private institution.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WRpqGn">
Perhaps none of this should be surprising: Epstein has previously mourned the rise of “inclusive and anti-racist learning spaces” in an August op-ed for the <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/todays-college-classroom-is-a-therapy-session-11598654387">Wall Street Journal</a>, in which he rhapsodizes about the “tough-guy tradition” of his undergraduate days.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qiXNVT">
And in 2015, in an essay described by <a href="https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2015/05/clinton-obama-affirmative-action-presidents.html">New York magazine’s Jonathan Chait</a> as “bizarre” and “rambling,” Epstein wrote that Hillary Clinton would be “not only be the nation’s first woman president but our second affirmative-action president,” after Barack Obama.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7kdt9u">
“How have we come to the point,” Epstein writes, “where we elect presidents of the United States not on their intrinsic qualities but because of the accidents of their birth: because they are black, or women, or, one day doubtless, gay, or disabled — not, in other words, for themselves but for the causes they seem to embody or represent, for their status as members of a victim group?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="e3LMSF">
In the present day, Epstein’s final suggestion is every bit as bizarre as the rest of his Saturday op-ed: “As for your Ed.D.,” he writes, “Madame First Lady, hard-earned though it may have been, please consider stowing it, at least in public, at least for now. Forget the small thrill of being Dr. Jill, and settle for the larger thrill of living for the next four years in the best public housing in the world as First Lady Jill Biden.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PMr1Gg">
It’s not clear why Epstein believes this to be an either-or proposition, but it isn’t. And regardless of what Epstein thinks on the topic, in roughly a month’s time, there will be a First Lady Dr. Jill Biden in the White House.
</p>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Iran’s execution of journalist Ruhollah Zam, briefly explained</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Zam, in a blue shirt, is seated with his head bowed. His black hair falls over his face, and his beard is beginning to grow in. He is frowning slightly, and his eyes are nearly closed." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/awf_PUFPqaaV5EtuTYZZkOfMg48=/414x0:3270x2142/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/68502791/GettyImages_1223515476.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Ruhollah Zam, an Iranian journalist, speaks at Iran’s Revolutionary Court shortly before his execution. | Ali Shirband/Mizan News/AFP/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Zam was best known for reporting on a wave of anti-regime protests in 2018.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HuP3Qs">
Iranian journalist Ruhollah Zam, whose reporting helped spur large anti-government protests, was <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-iran-execution-dissident/iran-executes-dissident-journalist-ruhollah-zam-state-media-idUSKBN28M06S">executed</a> by Iran on Saturday morning, according to reports by state media.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="L2tmjh">
Zam, 47, was found guilty of “corruption on earth” and <a href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/12/iran-execution-of-journalist-rouhollah-zam-a-deadly-blow-to-freedom-of-expression/">sentenced to death</a> in June 2020. The sentence was upheld by Iran’s Supreme Court on Tuesday this week, shortly before his execution.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZpoDY3">
The vague charge of “corruption on earth” is often used “in cases involving espionage or attempts to overthrow Iran’s government,” <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/12/12/iran-executes-dissident-journalist-ruhollah-zam-state-tv">Al Jazeera reported Saturday</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="53D4ch">
Zam ran the site Amad News and coordinated a Telegram channel, both of which helped spread information during a wave of <a href="https://www.vox.com/world/2018/1/3/16841310/iran-protests-2018">anti-regime protests that shook Iran</a> in 2017 and 2018. He was living abroad in Paris at the time, but returned to the Middle East in 2019 and was arrested in Iraq by members of Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="G5aIod">
It’s unclear exactly why Zam returned to the region, but Karim Sadjadpour, a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, <a href="https://twitter.com/ksadjadpour/status/1337628312106131462">tweeted</a> Saturday that Zam was “reportedly lured to Iraq (from France), kidnapped, taken back to Iran, and tortured into confession. He leaves behind a wife and two daughters.”
</p>
<div id="wWajqB">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
Iran just executed dissident social media activist and French resident Rouhollah Zam. He was reportedly lured to Iraq (from France), kidnapped, taken back to Iran, and tortured into confession. He leaves behind a wife and two daughters. <a href="https://t.co/1lTng7dnaF">https://t.co/1lTng7dnaF</a>
</p>
— Karim Sadjadpour (<span class="citation">@ksadjadpour</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/ksadjadpour/status/1337628312106131462?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 12, 2020</a>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JU87BA">
Zam’s execution has drawn international condemnation.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yT6taR">
<a href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/12/iran-execution-of-journalist-rouhollah-zam-a-deadly-blow-to-freedom-of-expression/">The international human rights group Amnesty International</a> argued Zam’s conviction stemmed from a “grossly unfair trial” and his execution — by hanging — was rushed following the Supreme Court ruling in a “reprehensible bid to avoid an international campaign to save his life.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iPMMS6">
“With the execution of Roohollah Zam, Iranian authorities join the company of criminal gangs and violent extremists who silence journalists by murdering them,” Committee to Protect Journalists program coordinator Sherif Mansour said in a <a href="https://cpj.org/2020/12/cpj-condemns-irans-execution-of-journalist-roohollah-zam/">statement</a> Saturday. “This is a monstrous and shameful act, and one which the international community must not let pass unnoticed.”
</p>
<h3 id="jDyLKR">
It’s been a tumultuous three years in Iran
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sPu9Xa">
Zam primarily drew the ire of the Iranian regime for his role in a spate of protests almost three years ago. <a href="https://cpj.org/2020/12/cpj-condemns-irans-execution-of-journalist-roohollah-zam/">According to the CPJ</a>, he used Amad News and Telegram to spread “embarrassing information about Iranian officials and the timings and locations of protests.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5UrI9v">
<a href="https://www.vox.com/world/2018/1/3/16841310/iran-protests-2018">As Vox’s Zack Beauchamp explained</a> in 2018 when the protests were at their height, the demonstrations were sparked by outrage over the price of basic goods — specifically, eggs — but quickly morphed into something far larger, coming to encompass a wide range of frustrations with Iran’s government.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7t0lQ4">
The protests began in Iran’s second-largest city, Mashhad, but gained momentum and reach as more and more people joined in. According to Beauchamp:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DFRpZE">
These newcomers shifted the tone of the protest blaming [Iranian President Hassan Rouhani] for the poor economic performance to blaming the Iranian government and political system more broadly.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hfzCqw">
Then the protests began spreading to dozens of towns and cities across Iran. By January 2, protests had been recorded “in nearly every province” in the country, according to the <a href="https://www.apnews.com/0337232e446e41e49211dc71a788e152/Iran-state-TV:-9-killed-in-nationwide-protests,-unrest">Associated Press</a>. And these protests were targeting not just the Rouhani presidency but the Islamic Republic itself — chanting, “Death to the dictator” (referring to Iran’s Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei), and, “Death to the Revolutionary Guard,” referring to Iran’s security forces. They’ve also called out the government’s support for the Assad regime, questioning why Iran is spending money there when there are problems at home.
</p>
</blockquote>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zusQ7k">
All told, tens of thousands of people across the country turned out to protest against the theocratic Iranian regime, and <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-42544618">at least 21 people</a> were killed by security forces.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4xk1HH">
President Donald Trump — who has consistently taken a hard line against Iran and <a href="https://www.vox.com/world/2018/5/8/17328520/iran-nuclear-deal-trump-withdraw">withdrew</a> the US from the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, better known as the Iran nuclear deal — <a href="https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/947810806430826496?s=20">tweeted</a> in support of the protests at the time.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DGcS62">
“The great Iranian people have been repressed for many years,” he said. “They are hungry for food &amp; for freedom. Along with human rights, the wealth of Iran is being looted. TIME FOR CHANGE!”
</p>
<div id="jjlk5U">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
Iran is failing at every level despite the terrible deal made with them by the Obama Administration. The great Iranian people have been repressed for many years. They are hungry for food &amp; for freedom. Along with human rights, the wealth of Iran is being looted. TIME FOR CHANGE!
</p>
— Donald J. Trump (<span class="citation">@realDonaldTrump</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/947810806430826496?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">January 1, 2018</a>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xiQEHH">
The protests <a href="https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2018/01/11/as-the-protests-fizzle-iran-and-the-west-consider-their-next-move">eventually subsided</a> in January 2018, but remain among the largest the country has seen since the 2009 <a href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2010/10/iran-primer-the-green-movement.html">Green Movement</a>, which demanded democratic reforms.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xj7mmy">
At the time, Iran’s supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/08/world/middleeast/iran-rouhani-protests.html">blamed the 2018 protests</a> on the US, Israel, and Saudi Arabia. All three countries, as well as a handful of others, were mentioned in a filmed “apology” — very likely a coerced apology — Zam made, that was <a href="https://cpj.org/2020/12/cpj-condemns-irans-execution-of-journalist-roohollah-zam/">shared</a> by Iran’s Tasnim News Agency after the journalist was arrested.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xyFlcZ">
Zam fled Iran after the Green Movement protests, which were catalyzed by Iran’s June 2009 presidential election. He was <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/12/12/iranian-journalists-execution-shocking-rights-groups">granted asylum</a> in France and lived there until his capture by Iran in 2019.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wcSysT">
Recently, Iran has been wracked by even more protests — first over a sharp hike to fuel prices <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/01/world/middleeast/iran-protests-deaths.html">in 2019</a>, and then following the <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/13/world/middleeast/iran-plane-crash-missile.html">2020 destruction of a Ukrainian jetliner flying out of Tehran</a> by Iranian security forces.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="c5Snxd">
The country has also faced external pressures: Just last month, Iran’s top nuclear scientist, Mohsen Fakhrizadeh, was <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-55214359">assassinated</a>, driving regional tensions even higher. President-elect Joe Biden has indicated that he plans to reenter the 2015 nuclear deal with Iran — first negotiated by President Barack Obama while Biden was vice president — once he takes office, but Fakhrizadeh’s death has been seen by some analysts as making even a moderate rapprochement between the US and Iran <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/12/09/biden-foreign-policy-iran/">more difficult to achieve</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nmuNv3">
It’s unclear what impact, if any, Zam’s execution will have on Iran’s already poor international reputation. The country is a notorious human rights abuser and <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-54129949">executed</a> wrestler Navid Afkari in September this year for the alleged murder of a security guard during the same 2018 protests.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="A6cIJo">
“If I am executed, I want you to know that an innocent person, even though he tried and fought with all his strength to be heard, was executed,” Afkari said before his death.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Dava50">
The US, in the midst of its own <a href="https://www.vox.com/21736993/trump-federal-execution-december">spate of executions</a> — some of prisoners of <a href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/this-is-the-last-man-due-to-be-executed-by-the-trump-administration">questionable guilt</a> — has signaled of late that it intends to continue to apply pressure on Iran, particularly on <a href="https://www.state.gov/irans-efforts-at-intimidation-must-not-be-rewarded/">nuclear issues</a>. And in its statement Saturday, Amnesty International called for the global community to take action.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WQzXKQ">
“The world must not stand by in silence as the Iranian authorities take their already horrific attacks on the right to life and freedom [of] expression to unprecedented levels,” the group said. “We call on the international community, including member states of the UN Human Rights Council and the EU, to take immediate action to pressure the Iranian authorities to halt their escalating use of the death penalty as a weapon of political repression.”
</p>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Supreme Court rejects Texas’s undemocratic election lawsuit</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Trump, in a navy suit and red tie, walks past the seal of the President of the United States, backed by dark blue curtains." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/zYoZusg-eYCZd1tt0KKqG0wPFVE=/256x0:4343x3065/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/68502163/1290143452.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
President Donald Trump prepares to speak at a Covid-19 vaccine summit in Washington, DC, on December 8. | Tasos Katopodis/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Trump attacked the decision on Twitter, calling it “an embarrassment.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Jkuzv4">
On Friday evening, the Supreme Court handed President Donald Trump his latest defeat in his campaign to overturn the results of the 2020 presidential election, which was won five weeks ago by President-elect Joe Biden. In <a href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/orders/courtorders/121120zr_p860.pdf">an unsigned order</a>, the Court rejected for lack of standing a <a href="https://www.vox.com/22165910/texas-challenge-supreme-court-trump-loss-ken-paxton">Texas lawsuit</a> attempting to reverse the election results in four swing states, all of which Biden won.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="O9MlwC">
“Texas,” the Court wrote, “has not demonstrated a judicially cognizable interest in the manner in which another State conducts its elections. All other pending motions are dismissed as moot.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HxuOvm">
Since Friday, Trump has been coping with this loss by sending more than a dozen tweets or retweets complaining about the ruling, and spreading disinformation.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rXUMOY">
“It is a legal disgrace, an embarrassment to the USA!!!” Trump <a href="https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1337634953211817984?s=20">tweeted</a> in the early hours of Saturday morning, citing a lie from Texas Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick claiming that no court has judged any legal challenge to the election “on its merit.” In reality, courts have found these challenges to be meritless.
</p>
<div id="iLDTMO">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
“We’ve not gotten any court to judge this (the vote) on its merit.” <a href="https://twitter.com/DanPatrick?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw"><span class="citation">@DanPatrick</span></a> of Texas. It is a legal disgrace, an embarrassment to the USA!!!
</p>
— Donald J. Trump (<span class="citation">@realDonaldTrump</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1337634953211817984?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 12, 2020</a>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nyQ2OK">
Later the same morning, the <a href="https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1337743516294934529?s=20">president falsely characterized</a> the Friday decision as “a great and disgraceful miscarriage of justice. The people of the United States were cheated, and our Country disgraced. Never even given our day in Court!”
</p>
<div id="2HHTXm">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
“Justices Alito and Thomas say they would have allowed Texas to proceed with its election lawsuit.” <a href="https://twitter.com/seanhannity?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw"><span class="citation">@seanhannity</span></a> This is a great and disgraceful miscarriage of justice. The people of the United States were cheated, and our Country disgraced. Never even given our day in Court!
</p>
— Donald J. Trump (<span class="citation">@realDonaldTrump</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1337743516294934529?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 12, 2020</a>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zzQ4rH">
Trump also amplified baseless voter fraud allegations, <a href="https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1337745268591259648?s=20">incorrectly claiming</a>, “I WON THE ELECTION IN A LANDSLIDE, but remember, I only think in terms of legal votes, not all of the fake voters and fraud that miraculously floated in from everywhere!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="M9tzNB">
Biden, of course, not only won the <a href="https://www.vox.com/21551153/presidential-election-results-trump-biden">Electoral College by 74 votes</a>, but won the popular vote by more than 7 million votes. And election officials — including those who have <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/12/7/22159017/trump-attacks-georgia-republicans-kemp-raffensperger">conducted several recounts</a> — have found no evidence of any widespread fraud.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sNS0r9">
And the president <a href="https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1337749020706549762?s=20">attacked GOP governors</a> in states won by Biden, calling them “RINOs” — shorthand for “Republicans in name only” — and telling supporters to vote Republican governors Brian Kemp of Georgia and Doug Ducey of Arizona out of office.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TPUTjf">
He also had harsh words for <a href="https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1337772511870799872?s=20">his own attorney general</a>, angry that he followed Justice Department procedure in keeping investigations of Biden’s son, <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/12/10/22167443/hunter-biden-investigation-tax-china">Hunter Biden</a>, quiet until after the election.
</p>
<h3 id="uPvBup">
The Supreme Court made it clear it’s not going to illegally hand Trump another term
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iwAHy3">
Needless to say, Trump’s Saturday Twitter rampage is more or less entirely disconnected from reality. First and foremost, the president has had his day in court. In fact, he’s had <em>many</em> days in court.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zYJZBd">
Specifically, Friday’s order marks the second Supreme Court <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/08/us/supreme-court-republican-challenge-pennsylvania-vote.html">defeat</a> for Trump this week, and <a href="https://twitter.com/marceelias/status/1337600298840371202?s=20">according to Democratic voting-rights lawyer Marc Elias</a>, Trump and his Republican allies are now 1-57 in post-election lawsuits, including Friday’s Supreme Court order.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="s0GVHb">
A statement in Friday’s order by Justice Samuel Alito — joined by fellow conservative Justice Clarence Thomas — made it clear Trump should give up hope that the Supreme Court might decide to overturn the election’s result.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="G2sfMp">
Trump, who <a href="https://twitter.com/toddstarnes/status/1337555701527416832?s=20">retweeted</a> a message thanking Alito and Thomas on Saturday, doesn’t quite appear to have figured this out yet.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Z8Cjfv">
“The Supreme Court had ZERO interest in the merits of the greatest voter fraud ever perpetrated on the United States of America,” Trump <a href="https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1337790419875352576?s=20">tweeted</a> Saturday. “All they were interested in is ‘standing’, which makes it very difficult for the President to present a case on the merits. 75,000,000 votes!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xi46cP">
But in the order, Alito <a href="https://twitter.com/mjs_DC/status/1337541264829452290?s=20">goes out of his way to specify</a> that though he believes the Court lacks discretion to deny standing to the Texas lawsuit, he “would not grant other relief” beyond allowing a motion to file the complaint.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4kJSxZ">
That’s likely because, as has been pointed out at great length by Republicans and Democrats alike, the Texas lawsuit — described by Pennsylvania in <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/10/politics/pa-response-to-tx-lawsuit/index.html">a court filing</a> as “legally indefensible and ... an affront to principles of constitutional democracy” — was flat-out ridiculous.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LM07BT">
So ridiculous, in fact, that two nonexistent “states” — “New California” and “New Nevada” — <a href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/22/22O155/163506/20201211114620451_Amicus%202020-12-11.pdf">filed an amicus brief</a> supporting the Texas lawsuit.
</p>
<div id="ItjzS4">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
Two states that don't exist are trying to throw out the votes of people in four states that do. Whatever. <a href="https://t.co/B4fFlsAaMs">https://t.co/B4fFlsAaMs</a>
</p>
— Brad Heath (<span class="citation">@bradheath</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/bradheath/status/1337450833877807104?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 11, 2020</a>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pOG4nE">
<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/12/11/texas-has-managed-near-impossible-its-presidential-election-lawsuit-just-got-worse/">As the Washington Post’s Philip Bump puts it</a>: “Taking Paxton’s lawsuit literally, on the other hand, is nearly impossible, given how many dubious assertions it makes. ... Experts are generally of the opinion that Texas has no basis to sue, lacks the evidence necessary to sustain its claims, relies on faulty rhetoric and analysis and won’t have its lawsuit heard by the court. Otherwise, it’s swell.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iaEf9k">
But while the lawsuit itself is nonsensical, its defeat is important, as it further erodes the possibility that the GOP will find a way to subvert democracy and install Trump to an unelected second term.
</p>
<h3 id="5GychN">
Republicans chose Trump over democracy
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nL8r7F">
For all its scant legal merit, however, the Texas lawsuit found major traction within the Republican Party. More than 60 percent of the House Republican Conference — <a href="https://twitter.com/bradheath/status/1337466661146828800?s=20">126 lawmakers</a>, including Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy — signed onto an amicus brief in support of the Texas lawsuit, as did <a href="https://twitter.com/bradheath/status/1336763665580765187?s=20">17 state attorneys general</a>.
</p>
<div id="YejpmN">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
The House Republicans just updated their SCOTUS brief to make clear that it's not actually 107 Republican House members who want the Supreme Court to overturn Trump's defeat by discarding millions of votes.<br/><br/>It's 126. <br/><br/>(Almost 2/3 of the GOP caucus.) <a href="https://t.co/OJVaVEPK4k">https://t.co/OJVaVEPK4k</a> <a href="https://t.co/Sdghb4VO76">pic.twitter.com/Sdghb4VO76</a>
</p>
— Brad Heath (<span class="citation">@bradheath</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/bradheath/status/1337466661146828800?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 11, 2020</a>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bCWTFs">
Republican leaders in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives — one of the states targeted in the suit — also <a href="https://twitter.com/bradheath/status/1337131912855498766?s=20">joined in</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Vr1Cdr">
This sparked considerable outrage, for obvious reasons. Even though the Texas lawsuit had little chance of succeeding, it marked a staggering, unprecedented attempt by a major party to subvert democracy in service of a president who lost reelection by <a href="https://cookpolitical.com/2020-national-popular-vote-tracker">more than 7 million votes</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DuH660">
In remarks on the Senate floor Friday, Democratic Sen. Chris Murphy of Connecticut <a href="https://twitter.com/ChrisMurphyCT/status/1337467239906283531?s=20">described</a> the effort as “the most serious attempt to overthrow our democracy in the history of our of country.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hN1pZq">
“Those who are pushing to make Donald Trump President, no matter the outcome of the election, are engaged in a treachery against their nation,” Murphy said.
</p>
<div id="5NBUeh">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
“Right now, the most serious attempt to overthrow our democracy in the history of our of country is underway. <br/><br/>Those who are pushing to make Donald Trump President, no matter the outcome of the election, are engaged in a treachery against their nation.” <a href="https://t.co/FE7K91nlSD">pic.twitter.com/FE7K91nlSD</a>
</p>
— Chris Murphy (<span class="citation">@ChrisMurphyCT</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/ChrisMurphyCT/status/1337467239906283531?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 11, 2020</a>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pdioCa">
The political calculus for many Republicans, though, is clear: Better treachery than facing a Trump-backed primary challenger in their next election.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lhVdeM">
Trump has long made a habit of tearing into Republicans he views as <a href="https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/03/06/donald-trump-loyalty-staff-217227">insufficiently loyal</a> to him personally, and if anything, that habit has only escalated since losing reelection.<strong> </strong>He did so again Saturday, in his targeting of Kemp and Ducey — both Republican governors of swing states he lost, and whose states were targeted by Texas’s lawsuit.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VNtIAE">
“Who is a worse governor, <span class="citation">@BrianKempGA</span> of Georgia or <span class="citation">@dougducey</span> of Arizona???” Trump <a href="https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1337749020706549762?s=20">tweeted</a>. “These are two RINO Republicans who fought against me and the Republican Party harder than any Democrat. They allowed states that I won easily to be stolen. Never forget, vote them out of office!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GagYQG">
And rather than be excommunicated by tweet, vast swaths of the Republican establishment chose to back a dangerous, undemocratic, but almost certainly doomed to fail lawsuit to overturn the will of the people rather than break with Trump.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="a0PSo0">
It’s a grim statement about the status of American democracy, but it won’t save Trump’s flagging legal efforts, which for all practical purposes fizzled out long ago.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3biPjy">
On Monday, <a href="https://apnews.com/article/election-2020-joe-biden-donald-trump-inaugurations-elections-913ed41f2a05f42450d93b37de2f5130">the Electoral College will meet</a> and formally elect Joe Biden president, 306 electoral votes to Trump’s 232. In at least one state, Michigan, electors have been offered police protection on the way to cast their votes because of concerns about protesters.
</p>
<div id="Xl5tZc">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
"What is the downside for humoring him for this little bit of time?"<a href="https://t.co/BdGxpqSVNe">https://t.co/BdGxpqSVNe</a>
</p>
— Dave Weigel (<span class="citation">@daveweigel</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/daveweigel/status/1337511008504573952?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 11, 2020</a>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="O9UYyf">
After that, on January 6, Congress will meet to officially count the Electoral College votes, closing out the process. <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/12/8/22158604/safe-harbor-electoral-college-congress-trump-challenge">As Vox’s Andrew Prokop has explained</a>, there’s a good chance that won’t go smoothly thanks to challenges by congressional Republicans, but “there’s no plausible way for a challenge to succeed.” Two weeks later, on January 20, Biden will be sworn into office.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6zBaea">
Despite all this, Trump <a href="https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1337755964339081216?s=20">tweeted</a> on Saturday that “WE HAVE JUST BEGUN TO FIGHT!!!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Lmc6hi">
But that, too, misses the reality of the situation. The election is over. He lost, and Biden will be the next president of the United States.
</p>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Royal Pearl, Born Queen, Giant Star impress</strong> - Royal Pearl, Born Queen and Giant Star impressed when the horses were exercised here this morning.Inner sand:600m: Viva La Vida (rb) 43. Easy. Break</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Under-19 World Cup | ICC announces rescheduled qualification path</strong> - Coronavirus had induced a year’s delay in the process.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Aus vs Ind warm-up match | Ben and Jack shine in drawn game; India ends with lot of positives</strong> - India manages to tick most of the boxes before going the first day-night Test against Australia on December 17.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Babar Azam ruled out of T20 series due to fractured thumb</strong> - Azam sustained the injury on his right thumb at Queenstown on Sunday during Pakistan team’s practice session.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>NZ vs WI second Test | New Zealand on brink of victory in Test series against West Indies</strong> - West Indies are in danger of another heavy deafeat as they still trail New Zealand by 85 runs.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19: Allahabad HC expresses dissatisfaction over State’s efforts</strong> - We find that tracking is not being done properly, it says</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Gagandeep Kang claims no compromise in clinical testing of COVID-19 vaccines</strong> - All clinical phases of testing are carried out leaving out only the intermediary steps, she said.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Tracking virus presence in sewage to help monitor pandemic: researchers</strong> - ICMR study analysed samples from 6 sites in Mumbai before and after outbreak</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>26/ 11 Mumbai terror attacks | U.S. court rejects bail plea of Tahawwur Rana</strong> - Key accused in Mumbai terror attack continues to pose a “significant risk of flight”, says Magistrate.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Trinamool cracks the whip on dissidents, Suvendu loyalist expelled</strong> - Kanishka Panda was expelled from Trinamool for alleged anti-party activities, a party leader said</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Coronavirus: Germany to go into lockdown over Christmas</strong> - The authorities have been struggling to control a growing number of infections and deaths.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>EU offer 'unacceptable' to UK as Brexit talks go on</strong> - Post-Brexit trade talks were held all night but sources say there is little sign of agreement.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Abortion laws: Polish women forced abroad for terminations</strong> - Even more Polish women are seeking abortions abroad, after the procedure has been all but banned.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Spanish police rescue 21 'exploited' migrant workers from warehouse</strong> - Three people are arrested after police find workers in a secret room hidden behind piles of clothes.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Paolo Rossi: Italian World Cup hero's home burgled during funeral</strong> - A watch and cash are among items reported stolen from the late World Cup winner's home on Saturday.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>VR meetings are weird, but they beat our current reality</strong> - VR app called Arthur lets you, distant colleagues collaborate within a 3D meeting space. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1729450">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Zodiac Killer cipher is cracked after eluding sleuths for 51 years</strong> - Northern California serial murderer sent encoded messages that went uncracked until now. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1729495">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Oracle joins Silicon Valley’s Texas exodus</strong> - Elon Musk revealed he had moved to Texas earlier this week. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1729504">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Copyright law is bricking your game console. Time to fix that</strong> - Op-ed: An exemption to the DMCA could make DIY console repairs possible—and legal. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1729471">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Christchurch shooter and YouTube’s radicalization trap</strong> - Researchers say YouTube's policies and algorithms are still too opaque. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1729416">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Give a Man a Fish and You Will Feed Him for a Day.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Teach a man to fish and he will spend a fortune on gear he will only use twice a year.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/TATERBONE"> /u/TATERBONE </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kc7tgv/give_a_man_a_fish_and_you_will_feed_him_for_a_day/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kc7tgv/give_a_man_a_fish_and_you_will_feed_him_for_a_day/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>Four guys have been going on the same golfing trip to St Andrews for many years.. Two days before the group is to leave, John's wife puts her foot down and tells him he isn't going. John's mates are very upset that he can't go, but what can they do.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Two days later, the three get to St Andrews only to find John sitting at the bar with four drinks set up! "Wow, John, how long you been here, and how did you talk your Missus into letting you go?" "Well, I've been here since last night... Yesterday evening, I was sitting in my living room chair and my wife came up behind me and put her hands over my eyes and asked, 'Guess who?' I pulled her hands off, and there she was, wearing a nightie. She took my hand and pulled me into our bedroom. She's been reading '50 Shades of Grey' and the room had candles and rose petals all over. On the bed she had handcuffs, and ropes! She told me to tie her up and cuff her to the bed, so I did. Then she said, "Do whatever you want. So, here I am!"
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/YZXFILE"> /u/YZXFILE </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kbx6kc/four_guys_have_been_going_on_the_same_golfing/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kbx6kc/four_guys_have_been_going_on_the_same_golfing/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>My girlfriend got covid</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
This is the perfect time to propose to her. She might just say yes because of the lack of taste.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Echino_Dermata"> /u/Echino_Dermata </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kby73f/my_girlfriend_got_covid/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kby73f/my_girlfriend_got_covid/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>Three friends were bragging about who has the most sex. The first guy starts, “Y'all ain't got nothing on me! I can go to any bar and bring home a new woman every night! Not only that, but I drive a corvette and have an 8 inch penis! I've slept with more than 1,000 women!”</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Second guy fires back, “Oh yeah? Well I’m a top gynecologist at the highest rated hospital in the world. I make $800,000 a year, have patients and nurses who have sex with me every hour I’m at work. All the women compliment me on my 12 inch penis and I've slept with well over 5,000 women.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Last guy chuckles, “I have you all beat. I fucked over all the Redditors who were expecting a punchline to this joke.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/honolulu_oahu_mod"> /u/honolulu_oahu_mod </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kc94es/three_friends_were_bragging_about_who_has_the/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kc94es/three_friends_were_bragging_about_who_has_the/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>Taylor Swift is dropping albums like I’m dropping pounds</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Only two, but still more than anyone expected.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Timmerop"> /u/Timmerop </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kbpgwk/taylor_swift_is_dropping_albums_like_im_dropping/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kbpgwk/taylor_swift_is_dropping_albums_like_im_dropping/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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