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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>What drives beliefs in COVID-19 conspiracy theories? The role of psychotic-like experiences and confinement-related factors</strong> -
<div>
The COVID-19 pandemic is a worldwide threat to public health and the global economy. The climate of fear and uncertainty associated with the pandemic has fostered the emergence of a wide-range of COVID-19 conspiracy theories that has the potential do shape public opinion and hinder the effective dissemination of valid information. Beliefs in conspiracy theories has been associated with maladaptive personality traits such as schizotypy and paranoia, as well as other non-psychotic psychological characteristics (e.g., social isolation, stress). The current study aimed to examine the association between beliefs in COVID-19 conspiracy theories and psychotic-like experiences within the community, while also addressing the role of sociodemographic information, psychological outcomes (e.g., stress, affective states) and other pandemic-related factors (e.g., confinement conditions/behaviors). Our results suggest that psychotic-like experiences are associated with beliefs in COVID-19 conspiracy theories, particularly perceptual abnormalities and persecutory ideation. Moreover, increased health-related concerns and reduced education levels also seem to be liability factors for these conspiracy beliefs. These results add important insights into how the adherence to illogical and erroneous disease-related arguments may be contingent to proneness to psychotic-like experiences. COVID-19 conspiracy theories are yet another major challenge that governments and policy makers must contemplate when defining strategic directions to manage the current and future pandemics.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/2mjye/" target="_blank">What drives beliefs in COVID-19 conspiracy theories? The role of psychotic-like experiences and confinement-related factors</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Did people really drink bleach to prevent COVID-19? A tale of problematic respondents and a guide for measuring rare events in survey data</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Society is becoming increasingly dependent on survey research. However, surveys can be impacted by participants who are non-attentive, respond randomly to survey questions, and misrepresent who they are and their true attitudes. The impact that such respondents can have on public health research has rarely been systematically examined. In this study we examine whether Americans began to engage in dangerous cleaning practices to avoid Covid-19 infection. Prior reports have suggested that people began to engage in highly dangerous cleaning practices during the Covid-19 pandemic, including ingesting household cleansers such as bleach. In a series of studies totaling close to 1400 respondents, we show that 80-90% of reports of household cleanser ingestion are made by problematic respondents. These respondents report impossible claims such as "recently having had a fatal heart attack" and "eating concrete for its iron content" at a similar rate to ingesting household cleaners. Additionally, respondents frequent misreading or misinterpreting the intent of questions accounted for the rest of such claims. Once inattentive, mischievous, and careless respondents are taken out of the analytic sample we find no evidence that people ingest cleansers. The relationship between dangerous cleaning practices and health outcomes also becomes non-significant once problematic respondents are taken out of the analytic sample. These results show that reported ingestion of household cleaners and other similar dangerous practices are an artifact of problematic respondent bias. The implications of these findings for public health and medical survey research, as well as best practices for avoiding problematic respondents in surveys are discussed.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.11.20246694v3" target="_blank">Did people really drink bleach to prevent COVID-19? A tale of problematic respondents and a guide for measuring rare events in survey data</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Disparate impact pandemic framing decreases public concern for health consequences</strong> -
<div>
It is known that the new coronavirus (COVID-19) is disproportionately affecting the elderly, those with underlying medical conditions, and the poor. What is the effect of informing the public about these inequalities on people’s perceptions of threat and their sensitivity to the outbreak’s human toll? This study answers this question using a novel survey experiment and finds that emphasis on the unequal aspect of the pandemic, especially as it relates to the elderly and those with medical conditions, could be causing the public to become less concerned about the outbreak and its human toll. Discussion situates this finding in the literature on scientific communication and persuasion and explains why language that emphasizes the impact of the virus on all of us—rather than singling out certain groups—could be more effective in increasing caution among the general public and make them take the situation more seriously.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/rs3va/" target="_blank">Disparate impact pandemic framing decreases public concern for health consequences</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 positivity in asymptomatic-screened dental patients</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Enhanced community surveillance is a key pillar of the public health response to COVID-19. Asymptomatic carriage of SARS-CoV-2 is a potentially significant source of transmission, yet remains relatively poorly understood. Disruption of dental services continues with significantly reduced capacity. Ongoing precautions include pre- and/or at appointment COVID-19 symptom screening and use of enhanced personal protective equipment (PPE). This study aimed to investigate SARS-CoV-2 infection in dental patients to inform community surveillance and improve understanding of risks in the dental setting. Thirty-one dental care centres across Scotland invited asymptomatic screened patients over 5-years-old to participate. Following verbal consent and completion of sociodemographic and symptom history questionnaire, trained dental teams took a combined oropharyngeal and nasal swab sample using standardised VTM-containing testkits. Samples were processed by the Lighthouse Lab and patients informed of their results by SMS/e-mail with appropriate self-isolation guidance in the event of a positive test. Over a 13-week period (from 3August to 31October2020) n=4,032 patients, largely representative of the population, were tested. Of these n=22 (0.5%; 95%CI 0.5%, 0.8%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The positivity rate increased over the period, commensurate with uptick in community prevalence identified across all national testing monitoring data streams. All positive cases were successfully followed up by the national contact tracing program. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of a COVID-19 testing survey in asymptomatic-screened patients presenting in a dental setting. The positivity rate in this patient group reflects the underlying prevalence in community at the time. These data are a salient reminder, particularly when community infection levels are rising, of the importance of appropriate ongoing Infection Prevention Control and PPE vigilance, which is relevant as healthcare team fatigue increases as the pandemic continues. Dental settings are a valuable location for public health surveillance.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.30.20248603v1" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 positivity in asymptomatic-screened dental patients</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Airborne Transmission of Virus-Laden Aerosols inside a Music Classroom: Effects of Portable Purifiers and Aerosol Injection Rates</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has shifted attention to the airborne transmission of exhaled droplet nuclei within indoor environments. The spread of aerosols through singing and musical instruments in music performances has necessitated the need for utilizing precautionary methods such as masks and portable purifiers. This study investigates the effects of placing portable air purifiers at different locations inside a classroom, as well as the effects of different aerosol injection rates (e.g., with and without masks, different musical instruments etc.). The time varying deposition of aerosols on the walls and the airborne aerosol concentration are analyzed in this study. It was found that using purifiers could help in achieving ventilation rates close to the prescribed values by WHO, while also achieving aerosol removal times within the CDC recommended guidelines. This could help in deciding break periods between classroom sessions, which was around 25 minutes through this study. Moreover, it was observed that proper placement of purifiers could offer significant advantages in reducing airborne aerosol numbers (offering orders of magnitude higher aerosol removal when compared to nearly zero removal when having no purifiers), and improper placement of the purifiers could worsen the situation. The study suggests the purifier to be placed close to the injector to yield a benefit, and away from the people to be protected. The injection rate was found to have an almost linear correlation with the average airborne aerosol suspension rate and deposition rate, which could be used to predict the trends for scenarios with other injection rates.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.19.20248374v3" target="_blank">Airborne Transmission of Virus-Laden Aerosols inside a Music Classroom: Effects of Portable Purifiers and Aerosol Injection Rates</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The detection and stability of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA biomarkers in wastewater influent in Helsinki, Finland</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Wastewater-based surveillance of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is used to monitor the population-level prevalence of the COVID-19 disease. In many cases, due to lockdowns or analytical delays, the analysis of wastewater samples might only be possible after prolonged storage. In this study, the effect of storage conditions on the RNA copy numbers of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in wastewater influent was studied and compared to the persistence of norovirus over time at 4°C, -20°C, and -75°C using the reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assays E-Sarbeco, N2, and norovirus GII. For the first time in Finland, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was tested in 24 h composite influent wastewater samples collected from Viikinmäki wastewater treatment plant, Helsinki, Finland. The detected and quantified SARS-CoV-2 RNA copy numbers of the wastewater sample aliquots taken during 19−20 April 2020 and stored for 29, 64, and 84 days remained surprisingly stable. In the stored samples, the SARS betacoronavirus and SARS-CoV-2 copy numbers, but not the norovirus GII copy numbers, seemed slightly higher when analyzed from the pre-centrifuged pellet−that is, the particulate matter of the influent−as compared with the supernatant (i.e., water fraction) used for ultrafiltration, although the difference was not statistically significant. Furthermore, when wastewater was spiked with SARS-CoV-2, linear decay at 4°C was observed on the first 28 days, while no decay was visible within 58 days at -20°C or -75°C. In conclusion, freezing temperatures should be used for storage when immediate SARS-CoV-2 RNA analysis from the wastewater influent is not possible. Analysis of the particulate matter of the sample, in addition to the water fraction, can improve the detection frequency.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.18.20234039v2" target="_blank">The detection and stability of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA biomarkers in wastewater influent in Helsinki, Finland</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>All-cause mortality among patients treated with repurposed antivirals and antibiotics for COVID-19 in Mexico City: A Real-World Observational Study</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Aim: To evaluate all-cause mortality risk in patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in Mexico City treated with repurposed antivirals and antibiotics. Methods: This real-world retrospective cohort study contemplated 395,343 patients evaluated for suspected COVID-19 between February 24 and September 14, 2020 in 688 primary-to-tertiary medical units in Mexico City. Patients were included with a positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2; those receiving unspecified antivirals, excluded; and antivirals prescribed in &lt;30 patients, eliminated. Survival and mortality risks were determined for patients receiving antivirals, antibiotics, both, or none. Results: 136,855 patients were analyzed; mean age 44.2 (SD:16.8) years; 51.3% were men. 16.6% received antivirals (3%), antibiotics (10%), or both (3.6%). Antivirals studied were Oseltamivir (n=8414), Amantadine (n=319), Lopinavir-Ritonavir (n=100), Rimantadine (n=61), Zanamivir (n=39), and Acyclovir (n=36). Survival with antivirals (73.7%, p&lt;0.0001) and antibiotics (85.8%, p&lt;0.0001) was lower than no antiviral/antibiotic (93.6%). After multivariable adjustment, increased risk of death occurred with antivirals (HR=1.72, 95%CI:1.61-1.84) in ambulatory (HR=4.7, 95%CI:3.94-5.62) and non-critical (HR=2.03, 95%CI:1.86-2.21) patients. Oseltamivir increased mortality risk in the general population (HR=1.72, 95%CI:1.61-1.84), ambulatory (HR=4.79, 95%CI:4.01-5.75), non-critical (HR=2.05, 95%CI:1.88-2.23), and pregnancy (HR=8.35, 95%CI:1.77-39.30); as well as hospitalized (HR=1.13, 95%CI:1.01-1.26) and critical patients (HR:1.22, 95%CI:1.05-1.43) after propensity score-matching. Antibiotics were a risk factor in general population (HR=1.13, 95%CI:1.08-1.19) and pediatrics (HR=4.22, 95%CI:2.01-8.86), but a protective factor in hospitalized (HR=0.81, 95%CI:0.77-0.86) and critical patients (HR=0.67, 95%CI:0.63-0.72). Conclusions: No significant benefit for repurposed antivirals was observed; oseltamivir was associated with increased mortality. Antibiotics increased mortality risk in the general population but may increase survival in hospitalized and critical patients.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.13.20211797v2" target="_blank">All-cause mortality among patients treated with repurposed antivirals and antibiotics for COVID-19 in Mexico City: A Real-World Observational Study</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The high infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 is associated with increased interaction force between Spike-ACE2 caused by the viral N501Y mutation</strong> -
<div>
The Spike glycoprotein receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 mediates the viral particle's binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor on the surface of human cells. Therefore, Spike-ACE2 interaction is a crucial determining factor for viral infectivity. A new phylogenetic group of SARS-CoV-2 (lineage B.1.1.7) has been recently identified in the COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium dataset, which features an amino acid substitution in the Spike RBD (N501Y mutation). Infections with the SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 have been overgrowing in recent weeks in the United Kingdom, indicating an even greater spread capacity than that seen with previous strains of the novel coronavirus. We hypothesized that this rapid spreading/infectivity of the B.1.1.7 lineage might be due to changes in the interaction force between the mutant Spike RBD and ACE2. This study employed in silico methods involving mutagenesis (N501Y mutation) and interface analysis focusing on the Spike RDB-ACE2 interaction. The results showed that the SARS-CoV-2 N501Y mutant (lineage B.1.1.7) establishes a more significant number of interactions relating to the mutant residue Y501 (Spike RDB) with residues Y41 and K353 (ACE2). This finding shows that the increased infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 is associated with the interaction force between the Spike RBD Y501 mutant residue with the ACE2 receptor, which in this strain is increased.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.29.424708v1" target="_blank">The high infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 is associated with increased interaction force between Spike-ACE2 caused by the viral N501Y mutation</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>MVA Vector Vaccines Inhibit SARS CoV-2 Replication in Upper and Lower Respiratory Tracts of Transgenic Mice and Prevent Lethal Disease</strong> -
<div>
Replication-restricted modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is a licensed smallpox vaccine and numerous clinical studies investigating recombinant MVAs (rMVAs) as vectors for prevention of other infectious diseases have been completed or are in progress. Two rMVA COVID-19 vaccine trials are at an initial stage, though no animal protection studies have been reported. Here, we characterize rMVAs expressing the S protein of CoV-2. Modifications of full length S individually or in combination included two proline substitutions, mutations of the furin recognition site and deletion of the endoplasmic retrieval signal. Another rMVA in which the receptor binding domain (RBD) flanked by the signal peptide and transmembrane domains of S was also constructed. Each modified S protein was displayed on the surface of rMVA-infected human cells and was recognized by anti-RBD antibody and by soluble hACE2 receptor. Intramuscular injection of mice with the rMVAs induced S-binding and pseudovirus-neutralizing antibodies. Boosting occurred following a second homologous rMVA but was higher with adjuvanted purified RBD protein. Weight loss and lethality following intranasal infection of transgenic hACE2 mice with CoV-2 was prevented by one or two immunizations with rMVAs or by passive transfer of serum from vaccinated mice. One or two rMVA vaccinations also prevented recovery of infectious CoV-2 from the lungs. A low amount of virus was detected in the nasal turbinates of only one of eight rMVA-vaccinated mice on day 2 and none later. Detection of subgenomic mRNA in turbinates on day 2 only indicated that replication was abortive in immunized animals.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.30.424878v1" target="_blank">MVA Vector Vaccines Inhibit SARS CoV-2 Replication in Upper and Lower Respiratory Tracts of Transgenic Mice and Prevent Lethal Disease</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Parallel pandemics illustrate the need for One Health solutions</strong> -
<div>
African Swine Fever (ASF) was reported in domestic pigs in China in 2018. This highly contagious viral infection with no effective vaccine reached pandemic proportions by 2019, substantially impacting protein availability in the same region where the COVID-19 pandemic subsequently emerged. We discuss the genesis, spread, and wide-reaching impacts of an epidemic in a vital livestock species, noting parallels and potential contributions to ignition of COVID-19. We speculate about follow-on impacts of these pandemics on global public health infrastructure and suggest intervention strategies using a cost: benefit approach for low-risk, massive-impact events. We note that substantive changes in how the world reacts to potential threats will be required to overcome catastrophes driven by climate change, food insecurity, lack of surveillance infrastructure and other gaps. We note that a One Health approach creating collaborative processes connecting expertise in human, animal, and environmental health is essential for combating future global health crises.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://ecoevorxiv.org/4mdak/" target="_blank">Parallel pandemics illustrate the need for One Health solutions</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>A 15-year journey through the land of culture research</strong> -
<div>
There will be many more problems for social science researchers to investigate, given the changing landscape of social research unfolded by the COVID-19 pandemic in the years to come.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/7qpbw/" target="_blank">A 15-year journey through the land of culture research</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Outbreak of strains of SARS CoV-2, its prevalence &amp; preventive measures taken by different Countries</strong> -
<div>
World Health Organization (WHO) announced the official name of the 2019 novel coronavirus associated diseases coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the reference name for the virus is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).Transmission of SARS CoV-2 in humans occurs mainly via respiratory droplet or aerosols, close contact with an infected person, exposed to coughing, sneezing and likely in oral-faecal. The COVID-19 outbreak started in different countries at different times, and now those countries are at different stages. By comparing infection trajectories from the 100th case mark, we have been able to observe the rapid spread of the virus in various countries. To date, no specific antiviral drugs or vaccines are available for the control of SARS CoV-2. The experts at global level suggest implementation of strict measures such as practicing quarantine, social distancing, avoiding social gathering to reduce the number of COVID-19 cases. This is a dynamically unfolding pandemic that will require the concerted efforts of counties around the world to control. Given the unfold of the new coronavirus and its impacts on human health, it becomes pertinent to device methods for handling this public health emergency at the community, national, and international levels. it's vital to additional investigate a preventative intervention to halt the unfold of the COVID-19 infection, because it has been discovered that not all countries have constant fate concerning infection and fatality. It becomes vital to acknowledge and study the factors accountable and also the underlying mechanisms for this.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/ce6vf/" target="_blank">Outbreak of strains of SARS CoV-2, its prevalence &amp; preventive measures taken by different Countries</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>BLAST Analysis of Sars-Cov-2 deliniates the functionality of the virus's protein</strong> -
<div>
In light of recent events that have been happening across the globe until April 2020, I and my colleague decided to bring light upon the main characteristics of the new coronavirus outbreak from the Wuhan province in China, in December 2019. We first compared this SARS-Cov-2 to the old SARS-Cov-1 that appeared in 2003 and found a striking similarity between their genomes and therefore as we showed in our papers they also share some properties. Then we identified the main proteins that form the Covid-19 and in order to find new characteristics of this virus. This paper has informing purposes as in these dark times the best way to cooperate with the ongoing threat is to learn more about it.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/kzb9x/" target="_blank">BLAST Analysis of Sars-Cov-2 deliniates the functionality of the virus's protein</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Differential behavior of COVID-19 in Multi-Country Journey: Challenges for Drug Intervention</strong> -
<div>
COVID-19, a pandemic is different as it is in an ongoing phase. We need to understand how the pandemic is developing across the globe. All the existing data and research on the virus are preliminary; researchers are rapidly learning more about new and evolving problems. There is always an underlying mystery that can unfold by studying the available data on this emerging problem and especially to provide an understanding of what can and cannot be said based on this available knowledge. It has been seen that large outbreaks are in China, South Korea, Italy, Iran, Spain, and France, with the US and UK seeing rapidly increasing numbers. But most countries in the world have reported very few to number cases of COVID-19. This is surprising because the trajectory of the COVID-19 outbreak has been said to follow the exposure due to travel, and the areas with low incidence must be having other reasons. The primary factor resulting in the spread of infection is trans country and continent movement of people. The geographical distribution and pattern of COVID 19 infection show a very interesting feature, the tropical countries having a high incidence of Malaria and have undergone the chloroquine regimen show less spike in COVID19 infection. And one of the reasons may be that the virus has not yet reached and started localized transmission in every country, despite these countries having strong travel, migration, or trade relationships with China and the rest of the world. This observation raises various questions. Is the virus not reaching or establishing infections due to some measures taken and the transmission is controlled? The differential behavior of this virus might pose a potential challenge for the development of a suitable intervention that can be useful in all scenarios.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/gtn34/" target="_blank">Differential behavior of COVID-19 in Multi-Country Journey: Challenges for Drug Intervention</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Anemia prior to or during COVID-19 is a risk factor for rehospitalization after SARS-CoV-2 clearance</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: As the number of new and recovering COVID-19 cases continues to rise, it has become evident that patients can experience symptoms and complications after viral clearance. Clinical biomarkers characterizing patients who are likely to experience these prolonged effects are unknown. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study to compare longitudinal lab test measurements (hemoglobin, hematocrit, estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen) in patients rehospitalized after PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 clearance (n=49) versus patients not rehospitalized after viral clearance (n=173). Results: Compared to patients who were not rehospitalized after PCR-confirmed viral clearance, those who were rehospitalized had lower median hemoglobin levels in the year prior to COVID-19 diagnosis (cohens D = -0.74; p=0.01) and during the active infection window (cohens D = -1.02; p=2.4x10-7). Patients hospitalized after viral clearance were also more likely to be diagnosed with moderate or severe anemia during both intervals (pre-COVID: OR=5.91; p=0.03; active infection: OR=3.13; p=1.37x10-8). Conclusions: The diagnosis of moderate or severe anemia in the year prior to COVID-19 diagnosis and during active SARS-CoV-2 infection can aid in the identification of patients who are likely to be rehospitalized after viral clearance. Whether interventions to mitigate anemia in COVID-19 patients improve long term outcomes should be further investigated.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.02.20242958v3" target="_blank">Anemia prior to or during COVID-19 is a risk factor for rehospitalization after SARS-CoV-2 clearance</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Dendritic Cell Vaccine to Prevent COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: AV-COVID-19<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Indonesia-MoH;   Aivita Biomedical, Inc.;   PT AIVITA Biomedika Indonesia;   National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia;   RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang, indonesia;   Faculty of Medicine University of Diponegoro, Indonesia<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effect of Dalcetrapib in Patients With Confirmed Mild to Moderate COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Dalcetrapib;   Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   DalCor Pharmaceuticals;   The Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC);   Covance<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>suPAR-Guided Anakinra Treatment for Management of Severe Respiratory Failure by COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Anakinra;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluating the Impact of EnteraGam In People With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Dietary Supplement: Bovine Plasma-Derived Immunoglobulin Concentrate;   Other: Standard of care<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Entera Health, Inc;   Lemus Buhils, SL;   Clinical Research Unit, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy and Safety of Remdesivir and Tociluzumab for the Management of Severe COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Trial</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Covid19;   Covid-19 ARDS<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Remdesivir;   Drug: Tocilizumab<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   M Abdur Rahim Medical College and Hospital;   First affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaoting University<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Inhaled Ivermectin and COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Ivermectin Powder<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Mansoura University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effect of Tenofovir/Emtricitabine in Patients Recently Infected With SARS-COV2 (Covid-19) Discharged Home</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: tenofovir disoproxil and emtricitabine<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University Hospital, Caen<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Immunogenicity of Two Different Strengths of the Inactivated COVID 19 Vaccine ERUCOV-VAC</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Vaccine<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: ERUCOV-VAC;   Other: Placebo Vaccine<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Health Institutes of Turkey;   TC Erciyes University<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>AZD1222 Vaccine in Combination With rAd26-S, Recombinant Adenovirus Type 26 Component of Gam-COVID-Vac Vaccine, for the Prevention of COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: AZD1222;   Biological: rAd26-S<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   AstraZeneca;   R-Pharm<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Anti-COVID19 AKS-452 - ACT Study</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: AKS-452<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University Medical Center Groningen;   Akston Biosciences Corporation<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study in Adults to Determine the Safety and Immunogenicity of AZD1222, a Non-replicating ChAdOx1 Vector Vaccine, Given in Combination With rAd26-S, Recombinant Adenovirus Type 26 Component of Gam-COVID-Vac Vaccine, for the Prevention of COVID-19.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: AZD1222;   Biological: rAd26-S<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   R-Pharm;   AstraZeneca<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Surgical Face Mask Effects in Patients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: Sit-To-Stand test<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc- Université Catholique de Louvain<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Dendritic Cell Vaccine, AV-COVID-19, to Prevent COVID-19 Infection</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: AV-COVID-19;   Other: GM-CSF<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Aivita Biomedical, Inc.;   PT AIVITA Biomedika Indonesia;   Indonesia Ministry of Health;   National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy and Safety of hzVSF-v13 in Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: hzVSF-v13;   Drug: Placebo (Normal saline solution)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   ImmuneMed, Inc.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Clinical Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Amizon® Max in the Treatment of Moderate Covid-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid-19 Disease<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Enisamium Iodide;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Joint Stock Company "Farmak"<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Antitumor/antiviral carbon quantum dots based on carrageenan and pullulan</strong> - Requirement for medication from pathogenic human viruses and cancer diseases are urgently considered, while, numerous reports were focused on investigating easily manufactured and excellently effective therapeutic reagents. Herein, CQDs were prepared with size of 2.1 nm from both of carrageenan and pullulan. CQDs nucleated from pullulan showed higher anti-proliferative effects against cancer cells, while, treatment with 100 μg/mL of CQDs colloids originated from pullulan and carrageenan...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Human species D adenovirus hexon capsid protein mediates cell entry through a direct interaction with CD46</strong> - Human adenovirus species D (HAdV-D) types are currently being explored as vaccine vectors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other severe infectious diseases. The efficacy of such vector-based vaccines depends on functional interactions with receptors on host cells. Adenoviruses of different species are assumed to enter host cells mainly by interactions between the knob domain of the protruding fiber capsid protein and cellular receptors. Using a cell-based receptor-screening assay, we...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A novel virtual screening procedure identifies Pralatrexate as inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp and it reduces viral replication in vitro</strong> - The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus poses serious threats to the global public health and leads to worldwide crisis. No effective drug or vaccine is readily available. The viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is a promising therapeutic target. A hybrid drug screening procedure was proposed and applied to identify potential drug candidates targeting RdRp from 1906 approved drugs. Among the four selected market available drug candidates,...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>MicroRNAs and SARS-CoV-2 life cycle, pathogenesis, and mutations: biomarkers or therapeutic agents?</strong> - To date, proposed therapies and antiviral drugs have been failed to cure coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. However, at least two drug companies have applied for emergency use authorization with the United States Food and Drug Administration for their coronavirus vaccine candidates and several other vaccines are in various stages of development to determine safety and efficacy. Recently, some studies have shown the role of different human and severe acute respiratory syndrome...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Fisetin 8-C-glucoside as entry inhibitor in SARS CoV-2 infection: molecular modelling study</strong> - Coronaviruses are RNA viruses that infect varied species including humans. TMPRSS2 is gateway for SARS CoV-2 entry into the host cell. It causes proteolytic activation of spike protein and discharge of the peptide into host cell. The TMPRSS2 inhibition could be one of the approaches to stop the viral entry, therefore, interaction pattern and binding energies for Fisetin and TMPRSS2 have been explored in the present study. TMPRSS2 peptide was used for homology modelling and then for further...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A narrative review of hydrogen-oxygen mixture for medical purpose and the inhaler thereof</strong> - Recent development regarding mixture of H(2) (concentration of ~66%) with O(2) (concentration of ~34%) for medical purpose, such as treatment of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) patients, is introduced. Furthermore, the design principles of a hydrogen inhaler which generates mixture of hydrogen (~66%) with oxygen (~34%) for medical purpose are proposed. With the installation of the liquid blocking module and flame arresters, the air pathway of the hydrogen inhaler is divided by multiple...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Developing multiplex ddPCR assays for SARS-CoV-2 detection based on probe mix and amplitude based multiplexing</strong> - Introduction: With the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, different articles have been published highlighting the superiority of droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) over the gold-standard reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) in SARS-CoV-2 detection. However, few studies have been reported on developing multiplex ddPCR assays for SARS-CoV-2 detection and their performance. This study shows steps on how to develop different ddPCR SAR-CoV-2 assays including higher order multiplex assays for SARS-CoV-2 detection...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Tocilizumab combined with favipiravir in the treatment of COVID-19: A multicenter trial in a small sample size</strong> - CONCLUSION: Tocilizumab combined with or without favipiravir can effectively improve the pulmonary inflammation of COVID-19 patients and inhibit the deterioration of the disease.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Therapeutic approaches against coronaviruses acute respiratory syndrome</strong> - Coronaviruses represent global health threat. In this century, they have already caused two epidemics and one serious pandemic. Although, at present, there are no approved drugs and therapies for the treatment and prevention of human coronaviruses, several agents, FDA-approved, and preclinical, have shown in vitro and/or in vivo antiviral activity. An in-depth analysis of the current situation leads to the identification of several potential drugs that could have an impact on the fight against...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The British variant of the new coronavirus-19 (Sars-Cov-2) should not create a vaccine problem</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious virus that infects humans and a number of animal species causing coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), a respiratory distress syndrome which has provoked a global pandemic and a serious health crisis in most countries across our planet. COVID-19 inflammation is mediated by IL-1, a disease that can cause symptoms such as fever, cough, lung inflammation, thrombosis, stroke, renal failure and headache, to name a few....</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Hydroxychloroquine Inhibits the Trained Innate Immune Response to Interferons</strong> - Hydroxychloroquine is being investigated for a potential prophylactic effect in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, but its mechanism of action is poorly understood. Circulating leukocytes from the blood of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients show increased responses to Toll-like receptor ligands, suggestive of trained immunity. By analyzing interferon responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors conditioned with heat-killed...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Lycorine, a non-nucleoside RNA dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor, as potential treatment for emerging coronavirus infections</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: Lycorine is a potent non-nucleoside direct-acting antiviral against emerging coronavirus infections and acts by inhibiting viral RdRp activity; therefore, lycorine may be a candidate against the current COVID-19 pandemic.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The PIKfyve Inhibitor Apilimod: A Double-Edged Sword against COVID-19</strong> - The PIKfyve inhibitor apilimod is currently undergoing clinical trials for treatment of COVID-19. However, although apilimod might prevent viral invasion by inhibiting host cell proteases, the same proteases are critical for antigen presentation leading to T cell activation and there is good evidence from both in vitro studies and the clinic that apilimod blocks antiviral immune responses. We therefore warn that the immunosuppression observed in many COVID-19 patients might be aggravated by...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Blocking Effect of Demethylzeylasteral on the Interaction between Human ACE2 Protein and SARS-CoV-2 RBD Protein Discovered Using SPR Technology</strong> - The novel coronavirus disease (2019-nCoV) has been affecting global health since the end of 2019, and there is no sign that the epidemic is abating. Targeting the interaction between the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein and the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor is a promising therapeutic strategy. In this study, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used as the primary method to screen a library of 960 compounds. A compound 02B05...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Fucoidan and Lung Function: Value in Viral Infection</strong> - Compromised lung function is a feature of both infection driven and non-infective pathologies. Viral infections-including the current pandemic strain SARS-CoV-2-that affect lung function can cause both acute and long-term chronic damage. SARS-CoV-2 infection suppresses innate immunity and promotes an inflammatory response. Targeting these aspects of SARS-CoV-2 is important as the pandemic affects greater proportions of the population. In clinical and animal studies, fucoidans have been shown to...</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Covid 19 - Chewing Gum</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU313269181">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A traditional Chinese medicine composition for COVID-19 and/or influenza and preparation method thereof</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU313300659">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>STOCHASTIC MODEL METHOD TO DETERMINE THE PROBABILITY OF TRANSMISSION OF NOVEL COVID-19</strong> - The present invention is directed to a stochastic model method to assess the risk of spreading the disease and determine the probability of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN313339294">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The use of human serum albumin (HSA) and Cannabigerol (CBG) as active ingredients in a composition for use in the treatment of Coronavirus (Covid-19) and its symptoms</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU313251184">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The use of human serum albumin (HSA) and Cannabigerol (CBG) as active ingredients in a composition for use in the treatment of Coronavirus (Covid-19) and its symptoms</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU313251182">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>"AYURVEDIC PROPRIETARY MEDICINE FOR TREATMENT OF SEVERWE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS 2 (SARS-COV-2."</strong> - AbstractAyurvedic Proprietary Medicine for treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)In one of the aspect of the present invention it is provided that Polyherbal combinations called Coufex (syrup) is prepared as Ayurvedic Proprietary Medicine , Aqueous Extracts Mixing with Sugar Syrup form the following herbal aqueous extract coriandrum sativum was used for the formulation of protek.Further another Polyherbal combination protek as syrup is prepared by the combining an aqueous extract of the medicinal herbs including Emblica officinalis, Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica, Aegle marmelos, Zingiber officinale, Ocimum sanctum, Adatoda zeylanica, Piper lingum, Andrographis panivulata, Coriandrum sativum, Tinospora cordiofolia, cuminum cyminum,piper nigrum was used for the formulation of Coufex. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN312324209">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>제2형 중증급성호흡기증후군 코로나바이러스 감염 질환의 예방 또는 치료용 조성물</strong> - 본 발명은 화학식 1로 표시되는 화합물, 또는 이의 약학적으로 허용가능한 염; 및 글루카곤 수용체 작용제(glucagon receptor agonist), 위 억제 펩타이드(gastric inhibitory peptide, GIP), 글루카곤-유사 펩타이드 1(glucagon-like peptide 1, GLP-1) 및 글루카곤 수용체/위 억제 펩타이드/글루카곤-유사 펩타이드 1(Glucagon/GIP/GLP-1) 삼중 완전 작용제(glucagon receptors, gastric inhibitory peptide and glucagon-like peptide 1 (Glucagon/GIP/GLP-1) triple full agonist)로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 1종 이상;을 포함하는 제2형 중증급성호흡기증후군 코로나바이러스 감염 질환 예방 또는 치료용 약학적 조성물을 제공한다. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=KR313434044">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Haptens, hapten conjugates, compositions thereof and method for their preparation and use</strong> - A method for performing a multiplexed diagnostic assay, such as for two or more different targets in a sample, is described. One embodiment comprised contacting the sample with two or more specific binding moieties that bind specifically to two or more different targets. The two or more specific binding moieties are conjugated to different haptens, and at least one of the haptens is an oxazole, a pyrazole, a thiazole, a nitroaryl compound other than dinitrophenyl, a benzofurazan, a triterpene, a urea, a thiourea, a rotenoid, a coumarin, a cyclolignan, a heterobiaryl, an azo aryl, or a benzodiazepine. The sample is contacted with two or more different anti-hapten antibodies that can be detected separately. The two or more different anti-hapten antibodies may be conjugated to different detectable labels. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU311608060">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 RBD共轭纳米颗粒疫苗</strong> - 本发明涉及免疫医学领域，具体而言，涉及一种SARS‑CoV‑2 RBD共轭纳米颗粒疫苗。该疫苗包含免疫原性复合物，所述免疫原性复合物包含：a）与SpyCatcher融合表达的载体蛋白自组装得到的纳米颗粒载体；b）与SpyTag融合表达的SARS‑CoV‑2病毒的RBD抗原；所述载体蛋白选自Ferritin、mi3和I53‑50；所述载体蛋白与所述抗原之间通过SpyCatcher‑SpyTag共价连接。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN313355625">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Устройство электронного контроля и дистанционного управления аппарата искусственной вентиляции легких</strong> - Полезная модель относится к медицинской технике, а именно к устройствам для воздействия на дыхательную систему пациента смесью различных газов, в частности, к устройствам для проведения искусственной вентиляции легких (ИВЛ). Технический результат предлагаемой полезной модели заключается в решении технической проблемы, состоящей в необходимости расширения арсенала технических средств, предназначенных для электронного контроля и управления ИВЛ, путем реализации возможности дистанционного управления аппаратами ИВЛ в медицинских учреждениях, не оборудованных кабельными вычислительными сетями. Указанный технический результат достигается благодаря тому, что в известное устройство электронного контроля и дистанционного управления аппарата ИВЛ, содержащее центральный микроконтроллер, а также программно-аппаратные средства управления функциями доставки воздушной смеси пациенту и многоуровневой тревожной сигнализации об отклонениях от нормативных условий и технических неполадках в аппарате ИВЛ, введены связанные друг с другом микроконтроллер связи и дистанционного управления и радиомодем, выполненный с возможностью связи с точками доступа радиканальной сети, при этом центральный микроконтроллер устройства выполнен с дополнительными входом/выходом, которые связаны с управляющими выходом/входом микроконтроллера связи и дистанционного управления, а, в зависимости от типа применяемой в медицинском учреждении радиоканальной сети связи и передачи данных, радиомодем может быть выполнен в виде интерфейсного аудиомодуля Bluetooth 4.0 BLE, приемопередающего модуля Wi-Fi либо устройства "малого радиуса действия", работающего по технологии LoRa на нелицензируемых частотах мегагерцового диапазона, например, в диапазоне 868 МГц. 3 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=RU313244211">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Can Democrats Win Georgia—and the Senate?</strong> - In order to do so, the candidates will need high voter turnout in a state where it tends to drop during runoffs, especially among the Party’s own supporters. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/campaign-chronicles/how-the-democrats-are-turning-out-voters-in-georgia">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Real Republican Radicals</strong> - The Trump movement was long understood as a populist one. But, since the election, the people at the barricades have been politicians and their lawyers. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-real-republican-radicals">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Deconstructing the 2020 Latino Vote</strong> - The political preferences of white working-class voters and soccer moms have been dissected in detail—and now strategists are applying the same level of focus to Latino voters. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/deconstructing-the-2020-latino-vote">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Trümperdämmerung Is a Fitting End to 2020</strong> - The President is careening through his final days in office with reckless disdain—for everything. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-trumps-washington/the-trumperdammerung-is-a-fitting-end-to-2020">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Next Big Challenge: Trump-Proofing the Presidency</strong> - Trump’s departure will prompt cries of relief in many parts of the country, but there is now vital work to be done. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-next-big-challenge-trump-proofing-the-presidency">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>One Good Thing: The future is uncertain. This graphic novel gave me hope anyway.</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="An illustration of a woman standing beneath a tree, eating a piece of fruit." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Ft4CjyI-iPXr10OTgSex786JbLs=/0x912:1838x2291/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/68606339/hardtomorrowcover.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
The cover of Eleanor Davis’s <em>The Hard Tomorrow.</em> | Drawn &amp; Quarterly
</figcaption>
</figure></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The Hard Tomorrow<em> </em>is about seeing dark times ahead and choosing to live.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6n2V0m">
<a href="https://drawnandquarterly.com/hard-tomorrow"><em>The Hard Tomorrow</em></a>, cartoonist Eleanor Davis’s 2019 graphic novel, is set in 2022. Some parts of it seem unlikely to be true by next year. (Mark Zuckerberg is president, for instance.) Other parts seem more plausible: In the book’s version of 2022, megaphones have been outlawed at protests, part of the government’s crackdown on dissidents and activists. And other parts seem certain — in 2022, there are still plenty of reasons to hold protests.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4UdDX1">
<em>The Hard Tomorrow </em>is the story of Hannah, a 30-something woman who lives in the woods with her partner, Johnny. They are deeply in love. He is (slowly) building a house for them and the baby they’re trying to conceive, but for now, they’re living out of a combination of their cars and a camper on the property next to the house’s foundations. Johnny spends his day plotting their garden and hanging out with a friend who’s really into conspiracy theories but also owns a lot of power tools. Hannah works as a home health aide for an older woman. She’s found community in the local HAAV (Humans Against All Violence) group, an anarchist activist group that regularly protests the US government’s use of chemical warfare, holding up signs that say “Chemical Weapons Create Hell on Earth” and “Who Gassed Gaza, POTUS?”
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<pre><code> &lt;img alt="A black-and-white illustration of a crowd of protestors holding signs and chanting, “The People United Will Never Be Defeated!”" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/SmpcpjVql40cmWHJixm5orKAzPw=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22200667/hardtomorrow3.jpg" /&gt;
&lt;cite&gt;Drawn &amp;amp; Quarterly&lt;/cite&gt;
&lt;figcaption&gt;A page from Eleanor Davis’s &lt;em&gt;The Hard Tomorrow.&lt;/em&gt;</code></pre>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZkykK0">
HAAV is where Hannah met Gabby, a fellow activist who fills a big gap in Hannah’s life — part mentor, part idol, part best friend. Hannah cuts her hair to look like Gabby’s. They sing Spice Girls songs on the way to protests and stop in the woods to harvest edible mushrooms. Johnny accuses Hannah, only half-playfully, of scheming to leave him for Gabby. Hannah loves Johnny, but she definitely has a crush on Gabby.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aETw0o">
<em>The Hard Tomorrow</em> catches Hannah at an inflection point in her life, when the relationships that anchor her life are starting to give way. The woman she provides care for is ailing more and more. HAAV is about to run into trouble, upending the community Hannah has found there. And she senses a new friction in her relationship with Gabby that leaves her uncertain about her own life.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2IwjR8">
Hannah is clearly an avatar for Davis herself. “I wanted to write a book about today, and my life, but I wanted it to have the flexibility of fiction,” <a href="https://www.comicsbeat.com/interview-eleanor-davis-the-hard-tomorrow/">she told one interviewer</a>. “Working on the book was me working through my ideas of wanting to have baby, why my husband and I wanted a baby — what that meant to us, and what that meant to the baby to be brought into this sort of world.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ccP6Pa">
In the book’s dedication, she writes:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EwLqBI">
Thank you, in advance, to the person I hope to give birth to three months from when I write this. I look forward to meeting you. I don’t know what your future will look like. I hope you will forgive us for bringing you into the beautiful and terrible world.
</p>
</blockquote>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="750ZAP">
That “beautiful and terrible world” Davis mentions in her dedication is the lurking shadow throughout <em>The Hard Tomorrow. </em>Hannah and Johnny both yearn for a baby. But they and their friends question whether it’s fair or just to bring a child into a world where all that looms on the horizon is environmental collapse, an encroaching militaristic police state, and very little reason for anything like hope.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="K5xyIM">
Davis illustrates her story simply; her pen-and-ink drawings render Hannah’s world in black and white, which feels like an echo of Hannah’s inner life. She is struggling to determine whether the world is stark and binary, either good or bad, or whether there are shades of gray. Are her HAAV friends as committed to the cause as she thinks they are? What if she feels a moment of connection with a cop who pulls her over — is that okay? Could the darkness have cracks in it that her longing and yearning for a better world might widen?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PC4kyx">
Throughout, Davis subtly hints at a tension between Hannah’s idyllic, almost Eden-like existence in the woods with Johnny and the outside world, which threatens their loving harmony. (On the cover, in full color, Hannah stands beneath a vine plucking grapes and eating them — the echo of the biblical story of Adam and Eve seems explicit.) Is it possible to find your own private paradise, retreat from the world, and live in peace? Or is the world so far gone that a quiet life of community and happiness is impossible to find?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6RJUfp">
A friend recommended I read <em>The Hard Tomorrow </em>last fall, when I had just read Sophie Yanow’s newly published <a href="https://drawnandquarterly.com/contradictions"><em>The Contradictions</em></a>, which touches on similar themes and with a similar semi-autobiographical style, including a protagonist named Sophie. (In October, The Cut produced <a href="https://www.thecut.com/2020/10/the-cut-podcast-am-i-radical-enough.html">a great podcast episode</a> about <em>The Contradictions </em>and the questions it explores.) Both are stories of young women who care deeply about the world but aren’t sure whether they’re doing enough to change it. No matter what they do, there’s always someone who sees them as not committed or radical enough. And the world seems to be collapsing around their ears.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pEf2AF">
In both stories, I found friends. My life looks different from Hannah’s and Sophie’s in many ways. But like almost everyone I know, I struggle at times to feel hopeful about the future and worry that I am not doing enough. Pew Foundation researchers <a href="https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2019/03/21/public-sees-an-america-in-decline-on-many-fronts/">found</a> that a broad majority of Americans are pessimistic about our country’s future, though for wildly different reasons depending on our education level and political commitments. More than half (52 percent) of the respondents in my age bracket, 30 to 49, believe that by the time we reach retirement age, the Social Security we’ve spent our lives paying into will be wiped out. Only 11 percent of us think we’ll receive the same benefits as our parents. We expect our jobs to be taken by robots, our political polarization to grow, the economy to weaken, inequality to widen, and our standard of living to grow worse as time goes on.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BdfOw5">
What’s more, the <a href="https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2019/03/21/public-sees-an-america-in-decline-on-many-fronts/">Pew study</a> was published in March 2019, a full year before a pandemic wiped out — as of this writing — <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/27/us/1-of-every-17-people-in-the-us-has-been-infected-and-1-in-1000-has-died-yet-the-worst-may-lie-ahead.html">1 in 1,000 Americans</a> over the course of nine months and decimated businesses, homes, and families. I doubt our optimism has grown in the past year. And while activism <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/summer-digital-protest-how-2020-became-summer-activism-both-online-n1241001">may have seen an uptick</a> in 2020, so has uncertainty.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="y3bZwb">
This is why <em>The Hard Tomorrow</em>, in particular, left me with a few scraps of hope. Not because it has a “message.” Just because it exists.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<pre><code> &lt;img alt="Pages from The Hard Tomorrow depicting Hannah in a state of uncertainty following an attack on the activists." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/HFmnBN7UZH1visGwEhubACb6kUA=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22200692/hardtomorrow2.jpg" /&gt;
&lt;cite&gt;Drawn &amp;amp; Quarterly&lt;/cite&gt;
&lt;figcaption&gt;Images from &lt;em&gt;The Hard Tomorrow.&lt;/em&gt;</code></pre>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Zm8GIU">
Last year, people who exhorted others to stay positive and make goals and keep moving forward became grating. For some, the positive talk is surely helpful, but after relentless bad news and a future dense with fog, it could seem like these people were ostriches, plunging their heads into sinking sand, not paying attention to what was going on.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lzbxEb">
But on the other hand, when everything around us seems tumultuous and chaotic and just plain bad, we also have to live. We try to read a book, or watch a good movie. We play a game with a loved one over Zoom. We cheer on our friends when they get a stroke of good luck and send love when the opposite happens. We give money to the local food bank. We read about people from the past who lived through apocalyptic times. We write letters to leaders. We have babies. We send gifts. We gather strength from spiritual practices, or religious traditions, or wise mentors, dead or alive. We drink a little wine or hot cider with friends around a backyard bonfire, shivering, glad to be alive and together. We wake up every morning.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uMsiFB">
On the first day of 2021, I have no idea what to expect going forward. I expect tomorrow will be hard. Where we will be in three weeks seems unknowable, let alone three months, or 12, or more. Everything is very hazy right now. Hope may not be accessible to us. But <em>The Hard Tomorrow</em> makes me feel understood, and it’s a reminder that even if everything is awful, much is beautiful. The world renews itself, over and over. Spring, at least, will come. We keep going.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="icFg2S">
The Hard Tomorrow <em>is available from its publisher, </em><a href="https://drawnandquarterly.com/hard-tomorrow"><em>Drawn &amp; Quarterly</em></a><em>, through </em><a href="https://go.redirectingat.com?id=66960X1516588&amp;xs=1&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fbookshop.org%2Fa%2F6775%2F9781770463738&amp;referrer=vox.com&amp;sref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fculture%2F22197745%2Fhard-tomorrow-eleanor-davis-hope-new-year" rel="sponsored nofollow noopener" target="_blank"><em>Bookshop</em></a><em>, and through your local bookseller.</em>
</p>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Can habit-tracking apps help bring some routine back to our quarantine lives?</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A drawing depicting a clipboard with a to-do list surrounded by smartphone screens showing to-do list apps." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/wK9Sw6_bapIMki51ZJ05gcbuQG0=/0x0:1649x1237/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/62747736/Habit_Forming.0.png"/>
<figcaption>
Sarah Lawrence for Vox
</figcaption>
</figure></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A growing market of apps are promising to help you develop better habits in the new year.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Ew97xn">
For many of us, nine months spent quarantining at home has completely erased the elaborate routines and habits we had carefully constructed in the Before Times. Commuting? Wearing makeup? Going to spin class? School drop-offs? Social distancing requirements and the closing of schools, workplaces, and businesses have upended many of those pre-pandemic habits.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aHED6f">
So it’s unsurprising that as we turn to 2021, many Americans are seeking ways to develop new habits and bring some structure and routine back into their largely housebound lives. A <a href="https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/covid-19-hasnt-canceled-new-years-resolutions-according-to-cit-bank-survey-301192461.html">new survey from CIT Bank</a> (conducted by the Harris Poll) found that 43 percent of Americans are setting New Year’s resolutions for 2021, compared with 35 percent who did the same for 2020. Resolutions focused on habits such as exercise and self-care are especially popular.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3d5j0Y">
When a new year starts, we’re filled with optimism and set ambitious goals, believing that all we need is a fresh start and soon we’ll get fit, learn Spanish, eat healthier, and save more money. But few stick to those resolutions past January: A study by the University of Scranton found that <a href="https://www.vox.com/2014/12/29/7434433/new-years-resolutions-psychology">just 40 percent of resolution-makers are still keeping their resolutions</a> six months in.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EEzJac">
That’s where habit-tracking apps want to help you.<strong> </strong>A growing market of companies has emerged that claim to help you develop — and stick to — good habits. In the last few years, dozens of habit-formation apps have cropped up: <a href="https://momentum.cc/">Momentum</a>. <a href="https://habitica.com/">Habitica</a>. <a href="https://go.redirectingat.com?id=66960X1516588&amp;xs=1&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fitunes.apple.com%2Fus%2Fapp%2Fdone-a-simple-habit-tracker%2Fid1103961876%3Fmt%3D8&amp;referrer=vox.com&amp;sref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fthe-goods%2F2019%2F1%2F2%2F18158989%2Fhabit-tracking-apps-new-years-resolutions" rel="sponsored nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Done</a>. <a href="https://www.coach.me/">Coach.me</a>. <a href="http://habitshareapp.com/">Habitshare</a>. <a href="http://www.habitbull.com/">Habitbull</a>. <a href="https://go.redirectingat.com?id=66960X1516588&amp;xs=1&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fitunes.apple.com%2Fus%2Fapp%2Ftoday-habit-tracker%2Fid1055295863%3Fmt%3D8&amp;referrer=vox.com&amp;sref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fthe-goods%2F2019%2F1%2F2%2F18158989%2Fhabit-tracking-apps-new-years-resolutions" rel="sponsored nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Today</a>. <a href="https://streaksapp.com/">Streaks</a>. There are so many that the website Lifehack <a href="https://www.lifehack.org/668261/best-habit-tracking-apps">ranked 22 of the “best” options</a>. Most of the apps are ad-free, but charge their users for the ability to create more habits, for more premium features, or for access to personal habit coaches.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IpK9q6">
<a href="https://go.redirectingat.com?id=66960X1516588&amp;xs=1&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2018%2F01%2F15%2Fimproving-ourselves-to-death&amp;referrer=vox.com&amp;sref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fthe-goods%2F2019%2F1%2F2%2F18158989%2Fhabit-tracking-apps-new-years-resolutions" rel="sponsored nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Much has been written</a> about the <a href="https://lifehacker.com/how-to-track-everything-in-your-life-without-going-craz-1466537828">very modern obsession</a> with the <a href="https://lifehacker.com/why-you-should-be-tracking-your-habits-and-how-to-do-i-1702100388">quantified self:</a> logging data about every part of our lives, such as our water intake, our daily steps, <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2018/11/13/18079458/menstrual-tracking-surveillance-glow-clue-apple-health">our menstrual cycles</a>, our caloric consumption. But habit-formation apps are a slightly different breed: They’re aspirational. Habit-formation apps are less about distilling your life into a series of data points and more about becoming your ideal self: If you use their app, you too can become a person who practices good habits. You can become someone who exercises and meditates every day and always drinks eight glasses of water.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RYENEI">
But do these apps really work? Can they deliver on their promise to help you build better habits? Will an app really turn you into a person who gets up at 6 am every day to go for a run and make a smoothie? I asked some habit experts about whether these apps can really live up to their promises.
</p>
<h3 id="YyhMBg">
How people develop habits can vary a lot
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vQZSa5">
Gretchen Rubin, a writer who has authored several books on habits, told Vox there’s no one-size-fits-all approach to building better habits — so habit-formation apps can work, but only for certain types of people who respond well to them.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bFtqlj">
In Rubin’s book <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Better-Than-Before-Habits-Procrastinate/dp/0385348630" rel="sponsored nofollow noopener" target="_blank"><em>Better Than Before</em></a>, she writes that most people fit one of <a href="https://gretchenrubin.com/2013/10/what-kind-of-person-are-you-the-four-rubin-tendencies/">four tendencies</a> when it comes to habit formation: upholders, who are disciplined and respond to both internal and external expectations; obligers, who can’t keep commitments to themselves but respond to expectations from others; questioners, who ask why and can keep a habit if they understand the logic and reasoning; and rebels, who hate being told what to do by others — so it has to be something <em>they</em> want to do.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right c-float-hang">
<aside id="kYI54H">
<q>“[I]s this app giving you the outer accountability that you need? Because if it’s not, then the app is not going to work for you.”</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="l3g6oP">
Depending on your habit-formation tendency, these apps may or may not work for you. Rubin describes herself as an upholder who has no trouble creating new habits. She is one of those rare people who simply decides she wants to do something and does it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oQZBC4">
But most people are not upholders. Rubin says that obligers are the most common tendency, and they struggle to follow through on a commitment to themselves. For obligers, habit formation apps can work as a tool to introduce outer accountability — sometimes. “A lot of [these apps] are aimed at obligers, and rightly so, because that’s a big group of people. And they tend to be very helped by outer accountability,” Rubin says.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Rcq3we">
“The question is, is this app giving you the outer accountability that you need? Because if it’s not, then the app is not going to work for you,” Rubin says. “If it is, then this app is going to be terrific. And that is a question for an individual obliger.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eZbNlT">
Rubin says that for some obligers, a simple reminder notification from an app can be enough to make them feel obligated to complete the task, whether it’s stretching or getting a glass of water or practicing Spanish for five minutes. For some, the paid nature of many of these apps can create a sense of obligation for those who don’t want to waste the money they’ve spent on buying the app. And for some, the don’t-break-the-chain mentality works well: Once you have a 10-day streak, you might be motivated by fear of breaking the streak.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Ynzgpq">
For others, however, it’s easy to dismiss notifications in a world of too many push alerts. For those for whom a notification isn’t enough to make them complete a task, other apps want to push you further.
</p>
<div class="c-float-left c-float-hang">
<aside id="c1gt85">
<q>“There’s a basic structure to habits, which is that there’s a cue, a routine, and a reward”</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VVfzHj">
Charles Duhigg, the author of <a href="https://charlesduhigg.com/the-power-of-habit/"><em>The Power of Habit</em></a>, told Vox that “there’s a basic structure to habits, which is that there’s a cue, a routine, and a reward; this is called the habit loop.” Duhigg explained that the key to forming a new habit is “to diagnose what the cues and the rewards are that are driving their current habits and then to try to come up with cues and rewards for new habits. That matters much much more than whether you’re using a Fitbit or something like that,” says Duhigg.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BRgHPe">
For people who fall into the other tendencies in Rubin’s framework, outer accountability might not work. Rebels, she says, might find daily push alert reminders annoying, and then resent the app for telling them what to do. Questioners need to understand the rationale of why they should do something, so they might find habit-forming apps unappealing unless they’re backed by scientific research and explain their rationale. And even for some obligers, push notifications and reminders still might not be enough to motivate them to do the thing.
</p>
<h3 id="5EmXoo">
How habit apps use the psychology of habit formation — and why there are so many different apps
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6F3k8Z">
The cottage industry of habit-formation apps has tapped into different aspects of the psychology of habits in order to motivate users — whether that’s in the form of reminders, accountability, streaks, or coaching. And the reason why there are so many app options is related to Rubin’s theory of different habit-formation tendencies: No single style of app will work for everyone. So self-improvement-obsessed developers started creating their own apps to fit their own needs, and we ended up with dozens of different apps to sift through in the App Store.
</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="N5dW8C">
Many of these apps, such as Done, Productive, and Streaks, rely on a “streak” feature — they track how many consecutive days you’ve completed the habit, and some users are motivated to keep their streak going as long as possible. This concept, often referred to as “<a href="https://lifehacker.com/281626/jerry-seinfelds-productivity-secret">don’t break the chain</a>,” was popularized by comedian Jerry Seinfeld, <a href="https://lifehacker.com/281626/jerry-seinfelds-productivity-secret">who said it was his productivity secret</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ziSLld">
Other apps offer accountability features to pressure you into completing your goal. Coach.me offers forum-like support communities around popular habits, so that users trying to, say, wake up earlier can talk to others with the same goal and hold each other accountable. <a href="http://habitshareapp.com/">Habitshare</a> allows you to share your habit goals and your progress with your friends in the app, thus offering another form of public accountability.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Y8GCiS">
Some apps, like Habitica, turn habit formation into a game: The app rewards users who complete their habits with badges and other virtual incentives. <a href="http://plantnannyapp.com/">Plant Nanny</a>, an app that encourages people to drink more water, displays a virtual plant that is “watered” every time you self-report that you drank water. If you don’t drink enough water, the plant starts to make sad faces at you and eventually dies. Like a 2019 version of a Tamagotchi, it’s habit formation by guilt trip.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iBs9kD">
Most of the habit-formation apps are, refreshingly, ad-free, but charge users in various ways. Some apps, like Streaks and Today, charge a one-time upfront fee, ranging from $4.99 to $9.99. Others, like Fabulous and Habitbull, charge an annual fee of anywhere from $19.99 to $49.99 a year. And several, including Done, Momentum, Habitminder, and Habitlist, let you create a limited number of habits for free but then require you to upgrade to a premium version for the ability to create unlimited habits, if you really want to go all-in on your self-improvement efforts.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right c-float-hang">
<aside id="sQW3YK">
<q>Many of the developers behind these apps say they created them out of a personal need</q>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6kLpxv">
Usually, these apps aren’t created by big, venture-backed startups; in many cases they’re built by a developer or two, or a small app company. Many of the developers behind these apps say they created them out of a personal need: They were facing a challenge in their own work or life and looking for a tool that would help them develop more disciplined habits.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GHf26a">
Quentin Zervaas, one of the founders of <a href="https://streaksapp.com/">Streaks</a>, told Vox: “We launched the app because we wanted a really simple way to track a small number of things that we wanted to complete every day. For example, I was trying to write a book, but was finding it hard to complete, so I figured if I just completed a small amount each day, eventually it would be finished.” (Zervaas noted that he did indeed finish writing his book after building the app.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="D5FtiG">
Scott Dunlap, the founder of <a href="https://habitlist.com/">Habitlist</a>, gave similar reasoning for starting his app: “I was looking for a habit tracker that had a clean, intuitive interface that could handle flexible scheduling options. I didn’t find one that worked for different situations — drink eight glasses of water every day, work out every Monday, Wednesday, Friday, water the plants every three to five days — so my streaks would inevitably end, and the app would actually make me <em>less</em> motivated,” Dunlap says. He eventually approached a friend and decided they would build a habit app themselves that had the features they wanted.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="E8bgSp">
And Jenny Talavera, the founder of <a href="http://treebetty.com/apps/app-detail/DONE#.XCU1GKQpAlQ">Done</a>, was already designing and building educational apps for children. But when her husband was trying to quit smoking, Talavera told us, he couldn’t find an app that gave him what he needed, “so he asked if I could make him one. Three months later, Done was born.” Talavera added that at the time, “Most if not all habit trackers just helped you <em>build</em> habit. These habit trackers would let you create a habit and every day mark it done or not done, but they wouldn’t track something you <em>didn’t</em> want to do. He needed an app to help him <em>quit</em> a bad habit.”
</p>
<div class="c-float-left c-float-hang">
<aside id="CGDNPQ">
<q>“My streaks would inevitably end, and the app would actually make me <em>less</em> motivated”</q>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zn5N5g">
A couple of apps, like <a href="https://thefabulous.co/?utm_expid=.OgmhsG9uSASylRxV0mscSQ.0&amp;utm_referrer=">Fabulous</a> and <a href="http://www.stickk.com/">StickK</a>, were created at universities in conjunction with leading experts on behavioral economics. Fabulous was incubated at Duke University’s Center for Advanced Hindsight, which is led by Professor Dan Ariely. And StickK, an app that emphasizes the creation of a commitment contract, was created by Dean Karlan and Ian Ayres, then both professors of behavioral economics at Yale University. Karlan, who now teaches at Northwestern University, was inspired to start the app after <a href="http://www.stickk.com/aboutus#story">his own weight-loss journey</a>. Both StickK and Fabulous say they use research-backed approaches to habit formation.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ny5XyE">
Coach.me is one of the few apps that takes a different tack, both in its business model and its approach to habit formation. Launched in 2012 by CEO Tony Stubblebine and called Lift at the time, Coach.me was one of the early habit-formation apps on the market. The app has raised <a href="https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/lift-worldwide#section-funding-rounds">$3.6 million in venture funding</a> and makes its money in a unique way: through habit-coaching services.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="P6tgfW">
When you sign up for Coach.me and choose a habit, you are plugged into a support community of other app users so you can commiserate, support, and hold each other accountable to your goals. If you need an even more aggressive approach, for $19.99 a week or $65 a month, Coach.me will pair you up with a personal coach who will message with you every day to help you achieve your habit, like a personal trainer. Coach.me has developed a network of thousands of habit coaches, and users can browse through their profiles in the app and select a coach they like, much like a dating app.
</p>
<h3 id="aIL4JJ">
For habit-formation apps to work, a person has to develop habits around how they’re used
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oiP40R">
Duhigg says that habit apps can work — but only if you actively monitor the data from the app each day and use it to analyze how you can change.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Yprcom">
“People are actually less likely to develop new habits if they’re using a device to pay attention for them instead of paying attention themselves,” Duhigg told Vox. “But if you actually use the device and take its data and turn that data into knowledge, then it can actually improve your odds of changing.”
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<aside id="F2s9Wn">
<q>“People are actually less likely to develop new habits if they’re using a device to pay attention for them instead of paying attention themselves”</q>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="g967eq">
“So for instance if you take the number of steps you walk each day off your wristwatch and you write them down in a journal and look from day to day and chart by hand how your steps are changing and why they’re changing, then that actually will give you a lot of very impactful information that will help you change your behavior,” Duhigg adds. “If, on the other hand, you’re just wearing something on your wrist and you look at it every so often and you feel like you’re accomplishing something but you’re not actually learning from it, then it’ll have the opposite effect: It’ll remove that burden that you feel to actually get something done and to learn from what you’re being exposed to.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="W5HDxd">
“Sometimes people get into this magical thinking of, ‘If I sign up for this app to help me exercise then that’s practically the same thing as exercising.’ When in fact it’s not at all the same thing as exercising!” says Rubin. “I think sometimes people sign up for these things to show themselves that they are making a good-faith attempt, but the app can’t really do it for you if you don’t bring that spirit of execution to it.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="U2Qxxr">
“People who are looking for a magic app are people who probably are not going to actually change,” says Duhigg. “There is not an app that gives you some magical ability to change. The way that you change is you spend the time necessary to look at the change you want to accomplish, to try and figure out each day why you’re getting closer or farther away from it, to give yourself rewards in order to encourage that habit to thrive, and then to actually commit to it and to make that data into actual knowledge about why you behave the way that you do.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6VKfbK">
And therein lies the problem with hoping an app can lead you to a new and improved self: For many people, the problem isn’t remembering to complete a habit, it’s that they can’t motivate themselves to take the time to do it. A notification can remind you at 11 am to take a walk around the block to get some steps, but it can’t force you to stop working, get out of your chair, and actually follow through. Apps that remind you to complete a habit each day are only fighting half the battle. They can’t <em>make</em> you exercise — and that’s the real conundrum: Apps aren’t a substitute for willpower. Apps can give you reminders, accountability, guilt trips, or even a personal habit coach, but in the end you still have to do the work — you can’t app your way to a better self.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1okZ1V">
<em>Want more stories from The Goods by Vox? </em><a href="http://vox.com/goods-newsletter"><em>Sign up for our newsletter here</em></a><em>.</em>
</p>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Lost Year: A quiet year, alone in one’s head</strong> -
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<img alt="A drawing of a person wrapped in a blanket and siting on a couch." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/px5VKSsLxPnu_SMT4g-cr-Dedo4=/557x0:4557x3000/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/68606151/last.0.jpg"/>
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Amanda Northrop/Vox
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</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Your to-do list, some days, it has just the one thing on it: Stay alive. And if you can do that, it’s a successful day.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JiuShd">
<em>This is </em><a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2020/12/17/22177093/lost-year-2020-stories"><em><strong>The Lost Year</strong></em></a><em>, a series of stories about our lived experiences in 2020, as told to Vox critic at large Emily VanDerWerff.</em>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GXWuhr">
I spent most of 2020 in quarantine. I didn’t spend that quarantine alone. I spent it with my wife, <a href="http://twitter.com/midwestspitfire">Libby Hill</a>. Libby and I have been married for 17 years, together for more than 20. (We got together the first day of college. Awwww.) At this point, I feel like I know her and she knows me as well as any two people can know each other.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qxJrgf">
But is that true? Our experiences of quarantine have been wildly different. I have mostly spent quarantine doing things, taking on new creative projects and challenges, because on some level, I’m trying to outrun my own sense of the world having frozen in place. Libby, meanwhile, has struggled with major depression for as long as I’ve known her, and quarantine has become a slow, grueling march through an experience that has all but forced her to have a depressive episode by making her stay inside and rarely leave her spot on the couch.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gbo8An">
The cruel irony is that Libby, who works as the TV Awards Editor at Indiewire, had an experience this year that gave her the kind of clarity and psychological freedom she’d been hoping to have her entire adult life — and it happened way back in February. Just a few weeks later, the pandemic forced us into lockdown, and much of that clarity would sap away. But her view of this pandemic is one I’ve seen so many adopt: So long as you survive each day and make it to another, you’ve been wildly successful. Libby articulates that beautifully.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="J48hWn">
So here is the story of my wife’s 2020, as told to me.
</p>
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="Hno5VH"/>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ORirAR">
I’ve struggled with major depression for the better part of my life. In the first couple months of 2020, I was functional, but I was very depressed. It was back when things were still normal. I was going to award shows and sitting in press rooms. I was productive, but I was dead inside. I wanted everything to stop. Not necessarily to die, but for everything to pause, like a coma, like I could remove myself from the hustle and bustle of every day and go somewhere quiet.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4EScIJ">
I told my therapist that in my head, that place was a white room. It was quiet, and nothing was expected of me. I could just rest. It was so alluring to me. It’s what I needed, but it was so hard to explain that to people. What people would hear was, “I don’t want to be here anymore. I don’t want to live. I don’t want to be a part of this world anymore.” After a few months of talking about that, my therapist said, “You’ve been in this place a while. We’ve adjusted your meds. We’ve talked about this. I’m worried you’re suffering.” She suggested I consider in-patient treatment.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gXdjWb">
When I was growing up in South Dakota, there was this one state facility, a mental hospital, and we didn’t talk about it, really. We would just call it by the town name: Yankton. “Oh, she got sent to Yankton. They’re going to send you to Yankton.” That was shorthand for “crazy.” So when my therapist suggested that to me, I was like, “They’re sending me to Yankton. That’s where I’m at now.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3dfOU2">
But I’m lucky. I have good insurance. I have a flexible job. The more I thought about it, the more I thought, “I’ve tried everything else. Maybe it’s time to try this.” So at the end of February, I checked myself into a psychiatric facility. I was there for about a week.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pdtkNO">
It was such a distinct point in time. There was a single TV in the general area, and it would always generally be on the news or showing action movies. The news would talk about the election. Super Tuesday was coming up. There were also a few headlines about the coronavirus, but it didn’t sink in with me. It was on the fringes. When you’re in a psychiatric institution, you don’t have to care about all of that. I didn’t have my phone or my laptop.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="00JcKV">
Looking back now, it was definitely foreshadowing. I got out of there after a week. My wife [Emily] picked me up. We went home. I went back to work. I was so happy to be there with my coworkers. I want to say the stay in the hospital changed my life. Because it did! I came out of there feeling better than I ever had. I had a new perspective on my place in life. I felt free of so much that had been weighing me down for decades. I had an equilibrium I had been seeking for such a long time.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vrYQLA">
And then two weeks later, March 12 was my last day in the office. We packed up our things and went home. It’s the middle of December, and I haven’t been back.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Y1hRHN">
I’m lost. A little bit. A lot. Mental illness isn’t something you have control over. You’re always in an unchoreographed dance with your body. You’re moving with the music. You think you get the rhythm and understand where it’s going, and then the music changes. You’re out of step, and you don’t know what’s next or what the right moves are.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="khDKVG">
That’s what happened. It felt like I had come to a gentlewoman’s agreement with my depression. We would find a way to work together and share the space that is my mind. And then the entire globe was put into a functional situational depression. No one left their house or saw anyone. Everyone was isolating. People weren’t changing out of their pajamas or showering. It was like I had been shoved physically back into depression by a universe that would not allow me to escape it. Obviously, the pandemic was not sent because I got treatment, but in the base sense of my brain, that’s what it felt like.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oTecHY">
I’m an introvert and a depressive. I don’t love leaving my house or attending large gatherings of people. I’m at home on my couch in my pajamas, staring at my computer for 18 hours a day. That had been my resting state of choice before this pandemic. But I knew how to do this. I knew what the moves were. I never wanted to go to the grocery store before, so I certainly didn’t want to go during a pandemic. So it was kind of routine.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OlhABK">
It was probably around the second time I got my period during the pandemic that I was like, “Fuck.” It was a very clear passage of time in a year where all time ran together. I realized one day that lounging on the couch had changed. It wasn’t what I chose to do. It’s what I felt capable of doing. All of a sudden, instead of being in lockdown, I was depressed in lockdown. That’s a very different, very dangerous animal. And it’s made all the worse because of how good and clear things were just weeks before we entered this state.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xEAyUd">
At the beginning of the year, all I wanted was silence. Now in lockdown, I need distraction 100 percent of the time. It’s in the silence that I find fear and anxiety and uncertainty. I need a beloved TV show streaming in the background at all times. I need to be playing a video game and reading Reddit. During my free time, I need 17 different things pulling my attention or else I’m going to drown.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="emzHT7">
Sometimes living with my wife was very difficult during this pandemic. Marriage is all about negotiations, to the extent that on our anniversary, we call it “contract renegotiations.” We’re deciding if we want to move forward for another year or take early retirement to pursue something new. Being locked down together takes that to a new level. Everything that annoys you about someone, everything that annoys you about yourself, every tiny conflict — they’re all blown up because you can’t get away from each other.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vfuLZn">
It was a couple months in before I realized we were having fights and disagreements and resentments that just wouldn’t exist if I was going to my office for eight hours a day and if she was able to go to her office or meet friends for coffee. But that didn’t mean the conflicts we were having weren’t real. They were real, and they revealed real fissures in our relationship that we needed to look at, even if they weren’t going to bust up the foundation.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YZn444">
My wife’s an extrovert. She had a much harder time in the beginning of the pandemic. I miss my friends, but she misses her friends <em>a lot</em>. She’s a social butterfly. She needs constant care and attention to an extent that I cannot provide. She needs 15 projects going on. Whether I’m in lockdown or not, I’m not that way. That was intensified by being trapped in the same apartment with each other. Our differences became so stark in lockdown that you’d wonder, “Is this tenable? Is this still the right decision?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Dt3Qmp">
But then you realize you’re only questioning that because you’re trapped in an apartment with this person. It’s always a little miserable spending that much time with someone, no matter how much you love them. We were always together. We were never alone. But we didn’t spend much quality time together. So it felt like we were not really together but still like we were never alone.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RUNTKB">
One of the symptoms of depression that you’ll see in people is not caring about things and withdrawing. Laying all of my cards on the table, I’m noticing a lot of my routine is built up to not care. I can’t open the can of worms where my emotions are because they’re so big and so scary. They’re so sad, and they’re so mad. It’s a tightrope of not feeling but staying busy but not being vulnerable, which complicates things with my partner because connecting with my partner requires vulnerability and emotion.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OF6LdR">
Depression is like running waist-deep in water while everyone else is running on the shore. You’re expending more effort, and you get a quarter as far before you get tired in a way sleep doesn’t really help. I’m so lucky. I have great mental health care and medications and therapists. And I’m still miserable in lockdown. Everyone, no matter where they’re trapped in the world, is also trapped in their own head, and some people’s heads are a little more haunted than others.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SXXh2u">
But I’m not dead. I figured out how to stay alive for nearly four decades. On some level, I have to credit my depression with that. If anyone was prepared for what it would be like to live in lockdown, it was me. I have more pairs of pajama pants than I have normal pants. I was made for this. But if I hadn’t gone into inpatient treatment immediately before lockdown, I don’t know how I would have survived it. I was in such a bad place. It scares me to think about it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6lqjaV">
Every day, for me, is a series of challenges. Whether or not I can get out of bed. Whether or not I can shower. Whether or not I can change into real clothes. Whether or not I can eat. Some days, I can. Some days, I can’t. But every day so far, I climb back in bed at the end of the day with one huge accomplishment under my belt: I stayed alive. That’s the one that counts. It’s the one thing you have to accomplish every day. Your to-do list has a varying amount of things on it every day. But some days it has just the one thing: Stay alive. And if you can do that, it’s a successful day.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wU6HpR">
I don’t want to go back to the place I was in right after I got out of the hospital. I’ll be more than a year older. I want to be better than that place. I’ve lost a lot of time to depression. I can’t afford to lose more. I have to grow from this. I want to learn something from this year. I have to fix things in my life that have been exposed as broken.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zwsRXx">
This is not a silver lining situation. More than 300,000 people in our country are dead. This is not making the best of it. If we don’t learn something from this and change the way things work to make the world better, then their deaths were completely in vain. That’s not a world I can live in.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lqA8TT">
I’m not going to lie and say I’m going to go out with new eyes and appreciate everything, because there’s a lot of annoying shit out there. But this is also an opportunity. It doesn’t have to be like it was before. I hope it isn’t. I hope we are kinder to employees. I hope we’re more flexible for parents or people suffering physical or mental health issues. I hope we learn lessons from this year. I don’t want it to be a lost year. [pause] You’re going to use that as the end, aren’t you?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vAiH7y">
<a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2020/12/17/22177093/lost-year-2020-stories"><em>Read the complete Lost Year</em><em><strong> </strong></em><em>series here</em></a>.
</p>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Five Indian players in isolation; investigation into possible breach of COVID protocol: Cricket Australia</strong> - Latest statement said a joint probe is on and the five players including Rohit Sharma have been isolated from the remaining team.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Babar Azam ruled out of second Test but skipper Rizwan confident of good show</strong> - Babar was again ruled out of the second test on Saturday although he had had a nets session on Friday</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Arjun Tendulkar picked in Mumbai's senior squad for first time</strong> - The left-arm pacer features in an extended 22-member squad for the upcoming T20 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Paul Donald Wight on being the Big Show ahead of ‘Legends Night’</strong> - In an exclusive interview with The Hindu, Paul Donald Wight, known by his ring name Big Show, looks back at the highs and lows of his career, ahead of his appearance in WWE RAW’s ‘Legends Night’</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>BCCI president Sourav Ganguly suffers 'mild' heart attack; undergoes angioplasty</strong> - West Bengal CM tweeted “Wishing him a speedy and full recovery. My thoughts and prayers are with him and his family!”</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 vaccine will be available in U.P. around Makar Sankranti: Adityanath</strong> - The chief minister added that a dry run of the vaccine is being held at some places in the State on Saturday.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Army sets up 'feedback and grievances' helpline in Kashmir</strong> - The helpline has been set up under the aegis of Chinar Corps or 15 Corps – responsible for guarding the Line of Control in the valley</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Jayaprakash Reddy writes to Sonia Gandhi suggesting new political ideas for Telangana</strong> - Mr. Reddy said instead of focussing on the new PCC chief, the party should constitute a committee to strengthen the its financial position since success in elections is now linked to funds apart from the schemes announced in the manifesto</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Artist George Fernandez opens gallery at his institute in Thiruvananthapuram</strong> - Flora Art Gallery in Kerala capital is exhibiting works by artists George and Krishna Kumar</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Following the arrest of two Zambians, NCB says new routes are employed to smuggle heroin</strong> - The value of seized drug is estimated to be around ₹22 crore in the international market.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>France: More than 2,500 break virus restrictions at illegal rave</strong> - The New Year's Eve event, held in a warehouse in a village in Brittany, was shut down on Saturday.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Norway landslide: Body found as rescuers search Gjerdrum landslide</strong> - Nine people are still missing, two days after a hillside collapsed due to flowing clay mud.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Brexit: New era for UK as it completes separation from European Union</strong> - Boris Johnson celebrates the "freedom in our hands" as the long Brexit process comes to a conclusion.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Omar Elabdellaoui: Norway star hurt by firework on New Year's Eve</strong> - Omar Elabdellaoui, who plays for Turkish club Galatasaray, suffers burns and is taken to hospital.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Brexit: 'We welcomed the deal like a Christmas present'</strong> - Europeans in the UK, and British people around Europe, explain what Brexit will mean for them.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pandemic shaming can backfire—here’s a better way</strong> - Opinion: If we can’t expect people to avoid risk, we should embrace harm reduction. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1732567">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How electric lighting changed our sleep, and other stories in materials science</strong> - Author and science evangelist Ainissa Ramirez discusses her book, <em>The Alchemy of Us</em> - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1732479">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>When memes fail anatomy: The scale of a blue whale’s butthole</strong> - Is a politician really the world’s second biggest a-hole? - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1732246">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Superhero showdown: Which comic book rumble was the real Battle of the Century?</strong> - From the archives: Many comics make the claim, but most of those headlines are lying. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=581475">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How researchers are making do in the time of Covid</strong> - The pandemic has shuttered labs and sidelined scientists all over the world. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1732427">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Ever wonder how a Jehovah’s Witness spreads their word during Covid?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Now that you’re here, do you have a moment to talk about our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ?
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/NetworkMick"> /u/NetworkMick </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kokt7e/ever_wonder_how_a_jehovahs_witness_spreads_their/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kokt7e/ever_wonder_how_a_jehovahs_witness_spreads_their/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>My wife said to me "You're shagging that girl from Llanfairpwllgwyngyllwyrndrobwyllllantisiliogogogoch, aren't you?"</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
I said "How could you say such a thing?"
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Gil-Gandel"> /u/Gil-Gandel </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kodszt/my_wife_said_to_me_youre_shagging_that_girl_from/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kodszt/my_wife_said_to_me_youre_shagging_that_girl_from/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>A policeman was interrogating 3 guys who were training to become detectives. To test their skills in recognizing a suspect, he shows the first guys a picture for 5 seconds and then hides it. "This is your suspect, how would you recognize him?"</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The first guy answers, "That's easy, we'll catch him fast because he only has one eye!"
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The policeman says, "Well...uh...that's because the picture I showed is his side profile."
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Slightly flustered by this ridiculous response, he flashes the picture for 5 seconds at the second guy and asks him, "This is your suspect, how would you recognize him?"
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The second guy smiles, flips his hair and says, "Ha! He'd be too easy to catch because he only has one ear!"
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The policeman angrily responds, "What's the matter with you two?!!? Of course only one eye and one ear are showing because it's a picture of his side profile! Is that the best answer you can come up with?"
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Extremely frustrated at this point, he shows the picture to the third guy and in a very testy voice asks, "This is your suspect, how would you recognize him?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He quickly adds, "Think hard before giving me a stupid answer."
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The third guy looks at the picture intently for a moment and says, "The suspect wears contact lenses."
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The policeman is surprised and speechless because he really doesn't know himself if the suspect wears contacts or not.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
"Well, that's an interesting answer. Wait here for a few minutes while I check his file and I'll get back to you on that."
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He leaves the room and goes to his office, checks the suspect's file on his computer and comes back with a beaming smile on his face.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
"Wow! I can't believe it. It's TRUE! The suspect does, in fact, wear contact lenses. Good work! How were you able to make such an astute observation?"
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
"That's easy..." the third guy replied. "He can't wear regular glasses because he only has one eye and one ear."
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/honolulu_oahu_mod"> /u/honolulu_oahu_mod </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kovsfl/a_policeman_was_interrogating_3_guys_who_were/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kovsfl/a_policeman_was_interrogating_3_guys_who_were/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>What do you get when you throw a piano on a child?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A flat minor.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/LordnistLost"> /u/LordnistLost </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kojwy1/what_do_you_get_when_you_throw_a_piano_on_a_child/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kojwy1/what_do_you_get_when_you_throw_a_piano_on_a_child/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>I told my boss that three companies were after me and I need a raise....</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
My boss asked “what companies? “
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Gas, water and electricity
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Xafniko"> /u/Xafniko </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/koaksd/i_told_my_boss_that_three_companies_were_after_me/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/koaksd/i_told_my_boss_that_three_companies_were_after_me/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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<li> <a href="#covid-19">Covid-19</a>
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<h2 id="daily-dose">Daily Dose</h2>
<ul id="daily-dose-list"><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/01 January, 2021.html">01 January, 2021</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/31 December, 2020.html">31 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/30 December, 2020.html">30 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/29 December, 2020.html">29 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/28 December, 2020.html">28 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/27 December, 2020.html">27 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/26 December, 2020.html">26 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/25 December, 2020.html">25 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/24 December, 2020.html">24 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/23 December, 2020.html">23 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/22 December, 2020.html">22 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/21 December, 2020.html">21 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/20 December, 2020.html">20 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/19 December, 2020.html">19 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/18 December, 2020.html">18 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/17 December, 2020.html">17 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/16 December, 2020.html">16 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/15 December, 2020.html">15 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/14 December, 2020.html">14 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/13 December, 2020.html">13 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/12 December, 2020.html">12 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/11 December, 2020.html">11 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/10 December, 2020.html">10 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/09 December, 2020.html">09 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/08 December, 2020.html">08 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/07 December, 2020.html">07 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/06 December, 2020.html">06 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/05 December, 2020.html">05 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/04 December, 2020.html">04 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/03 December, 2020.html">03 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/02 December, 2020.html">02 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/01 December, 2020.html">01 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/30 November, 2020.html">30 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/29 November, 2020.html">29 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/28 November, 2020.html">28 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/27 November, 2020.html">27 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/26 November, 2020.html">26 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/25 November, 2020.html">25 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/24 November, 2020.html">24 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/23 November, 2020.html">23 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/22 November, 2020.html">22 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/21 November, 2020.html">21 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/20 November, 2020.html">20 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/19 November, 2020.html">19 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/18 November, 2020.html">18 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/17 November, 2020.html">17 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/16 November, 2020.html">16 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/15 November, 2020.html">15 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/14 November, 2020.html">14 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/13 November, 2020.html">13 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/12 November, 2020.html">12 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/11 November, 2020.html">11 November, 2020</a></li>
<ul id="daily-dose-list"><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/02 January, 2021.html">02 January, 2021</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/01 January, 2021.html">01 January, 2021</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/31 December, 2020.html">31 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/30 December, 2020.html">30 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/29 December, 2020.html">29 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/28 December, 2020.html">28 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/27 December, 2020.html">27 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/26 December, 2020.html">26 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/25 December, 2020.html">25 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/24 December, 2020.html">24 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/23 December, 2020.html">23 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/22 December, 2020.html">22 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/21 December, 2020.html">21 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/20 December, 2020.html">20 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/19 December, 2020.html">19 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/18 December, 2020.html">18 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/17 December, 2020.html">17 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/16 December, 2020.html">16 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/15 December, 2020.html">15 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/14 December, 2020.html">14 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/13 December, 2020.html">13 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/12 December, 2020.html">12 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/11 December, 2020.html">11 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/10 December, 2020.html">10 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/09 December, 2020.html">09 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/08 December, 2020.html">08 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/07 December, 2020.html">07 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/06 December, 2020.html">06 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/05 December, 2020.html">05 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/04 December, 2020.html">04 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/03 December, 2020.html">03 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/02 December, 2020.html">02 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/01 December, 2020.html">01 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/30 November, 2020.html">30 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/29 November, 2020.html">29 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/28 November, 2020.html">28 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/27 November, 2020.html">27 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/26 November, 2020.html">26 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/25 November, 2020.html">25 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/24 November, 2020.html">24 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/23 November, 2020.html">23 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/22 November, 2020.html">22 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/21 November, 2020.html">21 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/20 November, 2020.html">20 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/19 November, 2020.html">19 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/18 November, 2020.html">18 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/17 November, 2020.html">17 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/16 November, 2020.html">16 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/15 November, 2020.html">15 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/14 November, 2020.html">14 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/13 November, 2020.html">13 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/12 November, 2020.html">12 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/11 November, 2020.html">11 November, 2020</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="covid-19">Covid-19</h2>
<ul id="covid-19-list"><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/01 January, 2021.html">01 January, 2021</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/31 December, 2020.html">31 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/30 December, 2020.html">30 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/29 December, 2020.html">29 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/28 December, 2020.html">28 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/27 December, 2020.html">27 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/26 December, 2020.html">26 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/25 December, 2020.html">25 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/24 December, 2020.html">24 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/23 December, 2020.html">23 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/22 December, 2020.html">22 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/21 December, 2020.html">21 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/20 December, 2020.html">20 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/19 December, 2020.html">19 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/18 December, 2020.html">18 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/17 December, 2020.html">17 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/16 December, 2020.html">16 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/15 December, 2020.html">15 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/14 December, 2020.html">14 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/13 December, 2020.html">13 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/12 December, 2020.html">12 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/11 December, 2020.html">11 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/10 December, 2020.html">10 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/09 December, 2020.html">09 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/08 December, 2020.html">08 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/07 December, 2020.html">07 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/06 December, 2020.html">06 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/05 December, 2020.html">05 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/04 December, 2020.html">04 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/03 December, 2020.html">03 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/02 December, 2020.html">02 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/01 December, 2020.html">01 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/30 November, 2020.html">30 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/29 November, 2020.html">29 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/28 November, 2020.html">28 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/27 November, 2020.html">27 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/26 November, 2020.html">26 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/25 November, 2020.html">25 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/24 November, 2020.html">24 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/23 November, 2020.html">23 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/22 November, 2020.html">22 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/21 November, 2020.html">21 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/20 November, 2020.html">20 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/19 November, 2020.html">19 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/18 November, 2020.html">18 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/17 November, 2020.html">17 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/16 November, 2020.html">16 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/15 November, 2020.html">15 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/14 November, 2020.html">14 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/13 November, 2020.html">13 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/12 November, 2020.html">12 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/11 November, 2020.html">11 November, 2020</a></li>
<ul id="covid-19-list"><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/02 January, 2021.html">02 January, 2021</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/01 January, 2021.html">01 January, 2021</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/31 December, 2020.html">31 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/30 December, 2020.html">30 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/29 December, 2020.html">29 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/28 December, 2020.html">28 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/27 December, 2020.html">27 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/26 December, 2020.html">26 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/25 December, 2020.html">25 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/24 December, 2020.html">24 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/23 December, 2020.html">23 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/22 December, 2020.html">22 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/21 December, 2020.html">21 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/20 December, 2020.html">20 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/19 December, 2020.html">19 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/18 December, 2020.html">18 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/17 December, 2020.html">17 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/16 December, 2020.html">16 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/15 December, 2020.html">15 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/14 December, 2020.html">14 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/13 December, 2020.html">13 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/12 December, 2020.html">12 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/11 December, 2020.html">11 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/10 December, 2020.html">10 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/09 December, 2020.html">09 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/08 December, 2020.html">08 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/07 December, 2020.html">07 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/06 December, 2020.html">06 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/05 December, 2020.html">05 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/04 December, 2020.html">04 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/03 December, 2020.html">03 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/02 December, 2020.html">02 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/01 December, 2020.html">01 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/30 November, 2020.html">30 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/29 November, 2020.html">29 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/28 November, 2020.html">28 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/27 November, 2020.html">27 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/26 November, 2020.html">26 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/25 November, 2020.html">25 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/24 November, 2020.html">24 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/23 November, 2020.html">23 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/22 November, 2020.html">22 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/21 November, 2020.html">21 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/20 November, 2020.html">20 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/19 November, 2020.html">19 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/18 November, 2020.html">18 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/17 November, 2020.html">17 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/16 November, 2020.html">16 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/15 November, 2020.html">15 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/14 November, 2020.html">14 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/13 November, 2020.html">13 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/12 November, 2020.html">12 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/11 November, 2020.html">11 November, 2020</a></li>
</ul>
</body></html>