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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>The changing landscape of friendship in the pandemic: Males, younger people, and less educated people experience more negative effects of the pandemic on their friendships</strong> -
<div>
Friendships are important for social support and mental health, yet social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic have limited peoples ability to interact with their friends during this difficult time. In August of 2020, we asked participants about changes in their friendships as a result of the pandemic - including changes in the quality of friendships and peoples feelings about their friends - as part of a larger longitudinal study. We found that people who are younger, male, and less educated reported more negative effects on their friendships as a result of the pandemic, including feeling lonelier and less satisfied with their friends, while people with higher subjective socioeconomic status (SES) wanted to make more and shallower friends than those with lower subjective SES. We also found that feelings of stress, isolation and guilt around friendship are associated with greater COVID-related social risk taking, such as being motivated to make new friends and visit friends in person. Males, who reported more negative effects of the pandemic on their friendship than females, also reported a greater likelihood than females that they would attend large parties. These results show that the pandemic is affecting friendships differently across demographic groups and suggest that the negative impacts of COVID-19 on friendships might motivate some COVID-related social risk taking in order to try to maintain friendships or build new ones.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/wkj4x/" target="_blank">The changing landscape of friendship in the pandemic: Males, younger people, and less educated people experience more negative effects of the pandemic on their friendships</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding mutations and antibody mediated immunity.</strong> -
<div>
SARS-CoV-2 mutations can impact infectivity, viral load, and overall morbidity/mortality during infection. In this analysis, we look at the mutational landscape of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain, a structure that is antigenic and allows for viral binding to the host. We analyze 104193 GISAID sequences acquired on October 15th, 2020 with a majority of sequences (96%) containing point mutations. We report high frequency mutations with improved binding affinity to ACE2 including S477N, N439K, V367F, and N501Y and address the potential impact of RBD mutations on antibody binding. The high frequency S477N mutation is present in 6.7% of all SARS-CoV-2 sequences, co-occurs with D614G, and is currently present in 14 countries. To address RBD-antibody interactions we take a subset of human derived antibodies and define their interacting residues using PDBsum. Our analysis shows that adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 enlists broad coverage of the RBD suggesting that antibody mediated immunity should be sufficient to resolve infection in the presence of RBD point mutations that conserve structure.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.25.427846v1" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding mutations and antibody mediated immunity.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Longitudinal analysis of humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Spike in convalescent individuals up to 8 months post-symptom onset</strong> -
<div>
Functional and lasting immune responses to the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) are currently under intense investigation as antibody titers in plasma have been shown to decline during convalescence. Since the absence of antibodies does not equate to absence of immune memory, we sought to determine the presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific memory B cells in COVID-19 convalescent patients. In this study, we report on the evolution of the overall humoral immune responses on 101 blood samples obtained from 32 COVID-19 convalescent patients between 16 and 233 days post-symptom onset. Our observations indicate that anti-Spike and anti-RBD IgM in plasma decay rapidly, whereas the reduction of IgG is less prominent. Neutralizing activity in convalescent plasma declines rapidly compared to Fc-effector functions. Concomitantly, the frequencies of RBD-specific IgM+ B cells wane significantly when compared to RBD-specific IgG+ B cells, which increase over time, and the number of IgG+ memory B cells which remain stable thereafter for up to 8 months after symptoms onset. With the recent approval of highly effective vaccines for COVID-19, data on the persistence of immune responses are of central importance. Even though overall circulating SARS-CoV-2 Spike-specific antibodies contract over time during convalescence, we demonstrate that RBD-specific B cells increase and persist up to 8 months post symptom onset. We also observe modest increases in RBD-specific IgG+ memory B cells and importantly, detectable IgG and sustained Fc-effector activity in plasma over the 8-month period. Our results add to the current understanding of immune memory following SARS-CoV-2 infection, which is critical for the prevention of secondary infections, vaccine efficacy and herd immunity against COVID-19.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.25.428097v1" target="_blank">Longitudinal analysis of humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Spike in convalescent individuals up to 8 months post-symptom onset</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Profiling transcription factor sub-networks in type I interferon signaling and in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> -
<div>
Type I interferons (IFN /{beta}) play a central role in innate immunity to respiratory viruses, including coronaviruses. Genetic defects in type I interferon signaling were reported in a significant proportion of critically ill CoOVID-19 patients. Extensive studies on interferon-induced intracellular signal transduction pathways led to the elucidation of the Jak-Stat pathway. Furthermore, advances in gene expression profiling by microarrays have revealed that type I interferon rapidly induced multiple transcription factor mRNA levels. In this study, transcription factor profiling in the transcriptome was used to gain novel insights into the role of inducible transcription factors in response to type I interferon signaling in immune cells and in lung epithelial cells after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Modeling the interferon-inducible transcription factor mRNA data in terms of distinct sub-networks based on biological functions such as antiviral response, immune modulation, and cell growth revealed enrichment of specific transcription factors in mouse and human immune cells. The evolutionarily conserved core type I interferon gene expression consists of the inducible transcriptional factor mRNA of the antiviral response sub-network and enriched in granulocytes. Analysis of the type I interferon-inducible transcription factor sub-networks as distinct protein-protein interaction pathways revealed insights into the role of critical hubs in signaling. Interrogation of multiple microarray datasets revealed that SARS-CoV-2 induced high levels of IFN-beta and interferon-inducible transcription factor mRNA in human lung epithelial cells. Transcription factor mRNA of the three major sub-networks regulating antiviral, immune modulation, and cell growth were differentially regulated in human lung epithelial cell lines after SARS-CoV-2 infection and in the tissue samples of COVID-19 patients. A subset of type I interferon-inducible transcription factors and inflammatory mediators were specifically enriched in the lungs and neutrophils of Covid-19 patients. The emerging complex picture of type I IFN transcriptional regulation consists of a rapid transcriptional switch mediated by the Jak-Stat cascade and a graded output of the inducible transcription factor activation that enables temporal regulation of gene expression.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.25.428122v1" target="_blank">Profiling transcription factor sub-networks in type I interferon signaling and in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Molecular Dynamics Reveals the Effects of Temperature on Critical SARS-CoV-2 Proteins</strong> -
<div>
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly identified RNA virus that causes the serious infection Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The incidence of COVID-19 is still increasing worldwide despite the summer heat and cool winter. However, little is known about seasonal stability of SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we employ Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations to explore the effect of temperature on four critical SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Our work demonstrates that the spike Receptor Binding Domain (RBD), Main protease (Mpro), and nonstructural protein 3 (macro X) possesses extreme thermos-stability when subjected to temperature variations rendering them attractive drug targets. Furthermore, our findings suggest that these four proteins are well adapted to habitable temperatures on earth and are largely insensitive to cold and warm climates. Furthermore, we report that the critical residues in SARS-CoV-2 RBD were less responsive to temperature variations as compared to the critical residues in SARS-CoV. As such, extreme summer and winter climates, and the transition between the two seasons, are expected to have a negligible effect on the stability of SARS-CoV-2 which will marginally suppress transmission rates until effective drugs are available.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.24.427990v1" target="_blank">Molecular Dynamics Reveals the Effects of Temperature on Critical SARS-CoV-2 Proteins</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Rates of serious clinical outcomes in survivors of hospitalisation with COVID-19: a descriptive cohort study within the OpenSAFELY platform</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background Patients with COVID-19 are thought to be at higher risk of cardiometabolic and pulmonary complications, but quantification of that risk is limited. We aimed to describe the overall burden of these complications in survivors of severe COVID-19. Methods Working on behalf of NHS England we used data from the OpenSAFELY platform linking primary care records to death certificate and hospital data. We constructed two cohorts: a COVID-19 cohort consisting of patients discharged following hospitalisation with COVID-19, and a comparison population of patients discharged following hospitalisation with pneumonia in 2019. Outcomes included DVT, PE, ischaemic stroke, MI, heart failure, AKI and new type 2 diabetes diagnosis. Outcome rates from hospital discharge were measured in each cohort, stratified by patient demographics and 30-day period. We fitted Cox regression models to estimate crude and age/sex adjusted hazard ratios comparing outcome rates between the two cohorts. Results Amongst the population of 31,569 patients discharged following hospitalisation with COVID-19, the highest rates were observed for heart failure (199.3; 95% CI: 191.8 - 207.1) and AKI (154.5; 95% CI: 147.9 - 161.4). Rates of DVT, heart failure, ischaemic stroke, MI, PE and diabetes were high over the four months post discharge, especially in the first month. Patterns were broadly similar to those seen in patients discharged with pneumonia but somewhat higher in the COVID-19 population for stroke (adj-HR 1.78; 95% CI: 1.53 - 2.08), PE (adj-HR 1.38; 95% CI: 1.21 - 1.58), MI (adj-HR 1.46; 95% CI: 1.20 - 1.76), AKI (adj-HR 1.27; 95% CI: 1.19 - 1.36) and T2DM (adj-HR 1.28; 95% CI: 1.08 - 1.50). Conclusions In this descriptive study of survivors of severe COVID-19, rates of the measured outcomes are at least as high, though in some cases slightly higher, than in patients discharged after hospitalisation with pneumonia. Further work is needed to identify what characteristics of COVID-19 patients put them at highest risk of adverse events.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.22.21250304v2" target="_blank">Rates of serious clinical outcomes in survivors of hospitalisation with COVID-19: a descriptive cohort study within the OpenSAFELY platform</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Postlockdown Dynamics of COVID-19 in New York, Florida, Arizona, and Wisconsin</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The COVID-19 pandemic is widely studied as it continues to threaten many populations of people especially in the USA, the leading country in terms of both deaths and cases. More and more reports show that the spread of COVID-19 involves infected individuals first passing through a pre-symptomatic infectious stage in addition to the incubation period and that many of the infectious individuals are asymptomatic. In this study, we design and use a mathematical model to primarily address the question of who are the main drivers of COVID-19 - the symptomatic infectious or the presymptomatic and asymptomatic infectious in the states of Florida, Arizona, New York, Wisconsin and the entire United States. We emphasize the benefit of lockdown by showing that for all four states, earlier and later lockdown dates decrease the number of cumulative deaths. This benefit of lockdown is also evidenced by the decrease in the infectious cases for Arizona and the entire US when lockdown is implemented earlier. When comparing the influence of the symptomatic infectious versus the presympomatic/asymptomatic infectious, it is shown that, in general, the larger contribution comes from the latter group. This is seen from several perspectives (1) in terms of daily cases, (2) in terms of daily cases when the influence of one group is targeted over the other by setting the effective contact rate(s) for the non-targeted group to zero, and (3) in terms of cumulative cases and deaths for the US and Arizona when the influence of one group is targeted over the other by setting the effective contact rate(s) for the non-targeted group to zero. The consequences of the difference in the contributions of the two infectious groups is simulated in terms of testing and these simulations show that an increase in testing and isolating for the presymptomatic and asymptomatic infectious group has more impact than an increase in testing for the symptomatic infectious. For example, for the entire US, a 50% increase in testing for the presymptomatic and asymptomatic infectious group results in a 35% decrease in deaths as opposed to a lower 6% decrease in deaths when a 50% increase in testing rate for the symptomatic infectious is implemented. We also see that if the testing for infectious symptomatic is kept at the baseline value and the testing for the presymptomatic and asymptomatic is increased from 0.2 to 0.25, then the control reproduction number falls well below 1. On the other hand, to get even close to such a result when keeping the presymptomatic and asymptomatic at baseline fitted values, the symptomatic infectious testing rate must be increased considerably more - from 0.25 to 1.7. Lastly, we use our model to simulate an implementation of a natural herd immunity strategy for the entire U.S. and for the state of Wisconsin (the most recent epicenter) and we find that such a strategy requires a significant number of deaths and as such is questionable in terms of success. We conclude with a brief summary of our results and some implications regarding COVID-19 control and mitigation strategies.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.28.20248967v2" target="_blank">Postlockdown Dynamics of COVID-19 in New York, Florida, Arizona, and Wisconsin</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Genomic epidemiology of COVID-19 in care homes in the East of England</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
COVID-19 poses a major challenge to care homes, as SARS-CoV-2 is readily transmitted and causes disproportionately severe disease in older people. Here, we report on 6,600 COVID-19 cases from the East of England, 1,167 of which were identified as residents from 337 care homes. Older age and being a care home resident were associated with increased mortality. SARS-CoV-2 genomes were available for 700 residents from 292 care homes. By integrating genomic and temporal data we defined 409 viral clusters within the 292 homes, indicating two different patterns - outbreaks among care home residents and independent introductions with limited onward transmission. Approximately 70% of residents in the genomic analysis were admitted to hospital during the study period, providing extensive opportunities for transmission between care homes and hospitals. Limiting viral transmission between care home residents should be a key target for infection control to reduce COVID-19 mortality in this population.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.26.20182279v3" target="_blank">Genomic epidemiology of COVID-19 in care homes in the East of England</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Total predicted MHC-I epitope load is inversely associated with mortality from SARS-CoV-2</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Polymorphisms in MHC-I protein sequences across human populations significantly impacts viral peptide binding capacity and thus alters T cell immunity to infection. Consequently, allelic variants of the MHC-I protein have been found to be associated with patient outcome to various viral infections, including SARS-CoV. In the present study, we assess the relationship between observed SARS-CoV-2 population mortality and the predicted viral binding capacities of 52 common MHC-I alleles ensuring representation of all MHC-I supertypes. Potential SARS-CoV-2 MHC-I peptides were identified using a consensus MHC-I binding and presentation prediction algorithm, called EnsembleMHC. Starting with nearly 3.5 million candidates, we resolved a few hundred high-confidence MHC-I peptides. By weighing individual MHC allele SARS-CoV-2 binding capacity with population frequency in 23 countries, we discover a strong inverse correlation between the predicted population SARS-CoV-2 peptide binding capacity and observed mortality rate. Our computations reveal that peptides derived from the structural proteins of the virus produces a stronger association with observed mortality rate, highlighting the importance of S, N, M, E proteins in driving productive immune responses. The correlation between epitope binding capacity and population mortality risk remains robust across a range of socioeconomic and epidemiological factors. A combination of binding capacity, number of deaths due to COPD complications, and the proportion of the population over the age of 65 offers the strongest determinant of at-risk populations. These results bring to light how molecular changes in the MHC-I proteins may affect population-level outcomes of viral infection.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.08.20095430v4" target="_blank">Total predicted MHC-I epitope load is inversely associated with mortality from SARS-CoV-2</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Lost in translation: codon optimization inactivates SARS-CoV-2 RdRp</strong> -
<div>
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is a primary target for antivirals. We report that Nsp12, a catalytic subunit of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp, produces an inactive enzyme when codon-optimized for bacterial expression. We also show that accessory subunits, NTPs, and translation by slow ribosomes partially rescue Nsp12. Our findings have implications for functional studies and identification of novel inhibitors of RdRp and for rational design of other biotechnologically and medically important expression systems.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.24.428004v1" target="_blank">Lost in translation: codon optimization inactivates SARS-CoV-2 RdRp</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Effect of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on protein stability, cleavage, and cell-cell fusion function</strong> -
<div>
The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S) is the sole viral protein responsible for both viral binding to a host cell and the membrane fusion event needed for cell entry. In addition to facilitating fusion needed for viral entry, S can also drive cell-cell fusion, a pathogenic effect observed in the lungs of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. While several studies have investigated S requirements involved in viral particle entry, examination of S stability and factors involved in S cell-cell fusion remain limited. We demonstrate that S must be processed at the S1/S2 border in order to mediate cell-cell fusion, and that mutations at potential cleavage sites within the S2 subunit alter S processing at the S1/S2 border, thus preventing cell-cell fusion. We also identify residues within the internal fusion peptide and the cytoplasmic tail that modulate S cell-cell fusion. Additionally, we examine S stability and protein cleavage kinetics in a variety of mammalian cell lines, including a bat cell line related to the likely reservoir species for SARS-CoV-2, and provide evidence that proteolytic processing alters the stability of the S trimer. This work therefore offers insight into S stability, proteolytic processing, and factors that mediate S cell-cell fusion, all of which help give a more comprehensive understanding of this highly sought-after therapeutic target.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.24.428007v1" target="_blank">Effect of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on protein stability, cleavage, and cell-cell fusion function</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Next generation vaccine platform: polymersomes as stable nanocarriers for a highly immunogenic and durable SARS-CoV-2 spike protein subunit vaccine</strong> -
<div>
Multiple successful vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are urgently needed to address the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. In the present work, we describe a subunit vaccine based on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein co-administered with CpG adjuvant. To enhance the immunogenicity of our formulation, both antigen and adjuvant were encapsulated with our proprietary artificial cell membrane (ACM) polymersome technology. Structurally, ACM polymersomes are self-assembling nanoscale vesicles made up of an amphiphilic block copolymer comprising of polybutadiene-b-polyethylene glycol and a cationic lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane. Functionally, ACM polymersomes serve as delivery vehicles that are efficiently taken up by dendritic cells, which are key initiators of the adaptive immune response. Two doses of our formulation elicit robust neutralizing titers in C57BL/6 mice that persist at least 40 days. Furthermore, we confirm the presence of memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that produce Th1 cytokines. This study is an important step towards the development of an efficacious vaccine in humans.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.24.427729v1" target="_blank">Next generation vaccine platform: polymersomes as stable nanocarriers for a highly immunogenic and durable SARS-CoV-2 spike protein subunit vaccine</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>A multiscale model suggests that a moderately weak inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication by type I IFN could accelerate the clearance of the virus</strong> -
<div>
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmissible RNA virus that emerged in China at the end of 2019 and caused a large global outbreak. The interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the immune response is complex because it is regulated by various processes taking part at the intracellular, tissue, and host levels. To gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of COVID-19, we formulate a multiscale model that integrate the main mechanisms which regulate the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 across multiple scales. The model describes the effect of type I interferon on the replication of SARS-CoV-2 inside cells. At the tissue level, we simulate the interactions between infected cells and immune cells using a hybrid agent-based representation. At the same time, we model the dynamics of virus spread and adaptive immune response in the host organism. After model validation, we demonstrate that a moderately weak inhibition of virus replication by type I IFN could elicit a strong adaptive immune response which accelerates the clearance of the virus. Furthermore, numerical simulations suggest that the deficiency of lymphocytes and not dendritic cells could lead to unfavourable outcomes in the elderly population.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.25.427896v1" target="_blank">A multiscale model suggests that a moderately weak inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication by type I IFN could accelerate the clearance of the virus</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Ubiquitin ligase RIPLET mediates polyubiquitination of RIG-I and LGP2 and regulates the innate immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> -
<div>
RIG-I, a cytoplasmic viral RNA sensor, is crucial for innate antiviral immune responses; however, there are controversies about the regulatory mechanism of RIG-I by several ubiquitin ligases and LGP2. This study revealed that the RIPLET ubiquitin ligase is a general activating factor for RIG-I signaling. In contrast, another ubiquitin ligase, TRIM25, activated RIG-I in a cell-type-specific manner. RIPLET and TRIM25 functions were modulated by accessory factors, such as ZCCH3C and NLRP12. Interestingly, we found an additional role of RIPLET in innate immune responses. RIPLET induced delayed polyubiquitination of LGP, resulting in the attenuation of excessive cytokine expression at the late phase. Moreover, RIPLET was involved in the innate immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 infection, a cause of the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Our data indicate that RIPLET fine-tunes innate immune responses via polyubiquitination of RIG-I and LGP2 against virus infection, including SARS-CoV-2.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.25.428042v1" target="_blank">Ubiquitin ligase RIPLET mediates polyubiquitination of RIG-I and LGP2 and regulates the innate immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Science knowledge and trust in medicine affect individuals behavior in pandemic crises</strong> -
<div>
In pandemic crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals behavior has a strong impact on epidemiological processes. Compliance with prevention guidelines, such as social distancing, is critical to avoid further spreading an infectious disease or to slow down its spread. However, some individuals also or instead engage in panic behavior, such as hoarding. We investigate how education prepares individuals to respond adequately by modelling the path from seeking information about COVID-19 to eventual behavior. Based on a sample of N = 1,182 adult Americans, gathered at the pandemics onset (March 2020), we conclude that science knowledge helps individuals convert information into coronavirus knowledge. This knowledge then helps individuals avoid panic behavior. Individuals lacking coronavirus knowledge and science knowledge still comply with prevention guidelines when they have a general trust in medicine. Individuals lacking knowledge still follow prevention guidelines when they trust in medicine. Facilitating science knowledge and trust in science through education and targeted public health messaging are likely to be of fundamental importance for bringing crises such as the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic under control.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/tmu8f/" target="_blank">Science knowledge and trust in medicine affect individuals behavior in pandemic crises</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Dexamethasone for COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Dexamethasone<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University of Oklahoma<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Phase III Study of AZD7442 for Treatment of COVID-19 in Outpatient Adults</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: AZD7442;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   AstraZeneca<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Fluvoxamine Administration in Moderate SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Infected Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Placebo;   Drug: Fluvoxamine<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   SigmaDrugs Research Ltd.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>APT™ T3X on the COVID-19 Contamination Rate</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Tetracycline hydrochloride 3%;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of Nove de Julho;   Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The (HD)IVACOV Trial (The High-Dose IVermectin Against COVID-19 Trial)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Ivermectin 0.6mg/kg/day;   Drug: Ivermectin 1.0mg/kg/day;   Drug: Placebo;   Drug: Hydroxychloroquine<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Corpometria Institute<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study of ORTD-1 in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 Related Pneumonia</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: ORTD-1 low dose;   Drug: ORTD-1 mid dose;   Drug: ORTD-1 high dose;   Other: Vehicle control<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Oryn Therapeutics, LLC<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Rapid Diagnosis of COVID-19 by Chemical Analysis of Exhaled Air</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Diagnostic Test: Performance evaluation (sensitivity and specificity) for COVID-19 diagnosis of the Vocus PTR-TOF process<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Hospices Civils de Lyon<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Immunologic Antiviral Therapy With Omalizumab</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Omalizumab;   Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   McGill University Health Centre/Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>IMUNOR® Preparation in the Prevention of COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: IMUNOR<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University Hospital Ostrava<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Efficacy of Doxycycline and Rivaroxaban in COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Doxycycline Tablets;   Drug: Rivaroxaban 15Mg Tab;   Combination Product: Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Yaounde Central Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Clinical Experimentation With Tenofovir Disoproxyl Fumarate and Emtricitabine for COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Vitamin C 500 MG Oral Tablet;   Drug: Tenofovir disoproxyl fumarate 300 MG Oral Tablet;   Drug: Tenofovir disoproxyl fumarate 300 MG plus emtricitabine 200 MG Oral Tablet<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Universidade Federal do Ceara;   Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico;   São José Hospital for Infectious Diseases - HSJ;   Central Laboratory of Public Health of Ceará - Lacen-CE<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Phase IIb Clinical Trial of Recombinant Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) Vaccine (Sf9 Cells)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cells);   Biological: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Jiangsu Province Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;   West China Hospital<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of BGE-175 in Participants ≥ 60 Years of Age and Hospitalized With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) That Are Not in Respiratory Failure</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: BGE-175;   Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   BioAge Labs, Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Antiseptic Mouth Rinses to Reduce Salivary Viral Load in COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Betadine© bucal 100 mg/ml;   Drug: Oximen® 3%;   Drug: Clorhexidine Dental PHB©;   Drug: Vitis Xtra Forte©;   Drug: Distilled Water<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana;   Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz;   Hospital Universitario General de Villalba;   Hospital Universitario Infanta Elena;   Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca;   Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia;   Dentaid SL<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pilot Study of Cefditoren Pivoxil in COVID-19 Patients With Mild to Moderate Pneumonia</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pneumonia<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Cefditoren pivoxil 400mg<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Meiji Pharma Spain S.A.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Designing and evaluation of MERS-CoV siRNAs in HEK-293 cell line</strong> - CONCLUSION: Based on the results obtained; it is concluded that the prediction of siRNAs using online software resulted in the filtration of potential siRNAs with high accuracy and strength. This technology can be used to design and develop antiviral therapy not only for MERS-CoV but also against other viruses.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Identification of potential SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitors by targeting the interface region between the spike RBD and human ACE2</strong> - Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a fatal infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus infection is initiated upon recognition and binding of the spike (S) protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) to the host cell surface receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Blocking the interaction between S protein and ACE2 receptor is a novel approach to prevent the viral entry into the host cell. The present study is aimed at the...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ergosterol peroxide exhibits antiviral and immunomodulatory abilities against porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) via suppression of NF-κB and p38/MAPK signaling pathways in vitro</strong> - Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging swine enteropathogenic coronavirus (CoV) that poses economic and public health burdens. Currently, there are no effective antiviral agents against PDCoV. Cryptoporus volvatus often serves as an antimicrobial agent in Traditional Chinese Medicines. This study aimed to evaluate the antiviral activities of ergosterol peroxide (EP) from C. volvatus against PDCoV infection. The inhibitory activity of EP against PDCoV was assessed by using virus...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The right place for IL-1 inhibition in COVID-19</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Screening, simulation, and optimization design of small molecule inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein</strong> - The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak is a public health emergency of international concern. The spike glycoprotein (S protein) of SARS-CoV-2 is a key target of antiviral drugs. Focusing on the existing S protein structure, molecular docking was used in this study to calculate the binding energy and interaction sites between 14 antiviral molecules with different structures and the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, and the potential drug candidates targeting the SARS-CoV-2...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Antibacterial, Antiviral, and Self-Cleaning Mats with Sensing Capabilities Based on Electrospun Nanofibers Decorated with ZnO Nanorods and Ag Nanoparticles for Protective Clothing Applications</strong> - The COVID-19 pandemic has clearly shown the importance of developments in fabrication of advanced protective equipment. This study investigates the potential of using multifunctional electrospun poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanofibers decorated with ZnO nanorods and Ag nanoparticles (PMMA/ZnO-Ag NFs) in protective mats. Herein, the PMMA/ZnO-Ag NFs with an average diameter of 450 nm were simply prepared on a nonwoven fabric by directly electrospinning from solutions containing PMMA, ZnO...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Factors influencing healthy role models in medical school to conduct healthy behavior: a qualitative study</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: Factors that support and inhibit medical teachers as healthy role models in medical school are influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This result could be used by medical schools to design appropriate interventions to help medical teachers as healthy role models in conducting healthy behavior. More studies are needed to explore other factors that influence medical teachers to conduct healthy behavior. During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthy role models in medical schools are...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Molecular basis for the repurposing of histamine H2-receptor antagonist to treat COVID-19</strong> - With the world threatened by a second surge in the number of Coronavirus cases, there is an urgent need for the development of effective treatment for the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Recently, global attention has turned to preliminary reports on the promising anti-COVID-19 effect of histamine H2-receptor antagonists (H2RAs), most especially Famotidine. Therefore, this study was designed to exploit a possible molecular basis for the efficacy of H2RAs against coronavirus. Molecular docking was...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Scutellaria baicalensis extract and baicalein inhibit replication of SARS-CoV-2 and its 3C-like protease in vitro</strong> - COVID-19 has become a global pandemic and there is an urgent call for developing drugs against the virus (SARS-CoV-2). The 3C-like protease (3CL^(pro)) of SARS-CoV-2 is a preferred target for broad spectrum anti-coronavirus drug discovery. We studied the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of S. baicalensis and its ingredients. We found that the ethanol extract of S. baicalensis and its major component, baicalein, inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3CL^(pro) activity in vitro with IC(50)'s of 8.52 µg/ml and 0.39 µM,...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Can limonene be a possible candidate for evaluation as an agent or adjuvant against infection, immunity, and inflammation in COVID-19?</strong> - Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an ongoing pandemic and presents a public health emergency. It has affected millions of people and continues to affect more, despite the tremendous social preventive measures. The therapeutic strategy relies on suppressing infectivity and inflammation, along with immune modulation. The identification of candidate drugs effective for COVID-19 is crucial, thus many natural products...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Aided Virtual Search of OliveNet Directory for Secoiridoids to Combat SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Associated Hyperinflammatory Responses</strong> - Molecular docking and molecular dynamics aided virtual search of OliveNet™ directory identified potential secoiridoids that combat SARS-CoV-2 entry, replication, and associated hyperinflammatory responses. OliveNet™ is an active directory of phytochemicals obtained from different parts of the olive tree, Olea europaea (Oleaceae). Olive oil, olive fruits containing phenolics, known for their health benefits, are indispensable in the Mediterranean and Arabian diets. Secoiridoids is the largest...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Perspectives: potential therapeutic approach with inhalation of ACE2-derived peptides for SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> - CONCLUSION: ACE2-derived peptides may play a dual beneficial role in COVID-19, by either preventing virus spread or inhibiting the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators in airways. Viral, host, and environmental factors may affect the effectiveness of this therapeutic approach to a various extent and represent therefore a matter of investigation for future studies.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immunology, immunopathogenesis and immunotherapeutics of COVID-19; an overview</strong> - Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a "public health emergency of international concern" (PHEIC). The infection is highly contagious, has a high mortality rate, and its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Pulmonary inflammation with substantial lung damage together with generalized immune dysregulation are major components of COVID-19 pathogenesis. The former component, lung damage, seems...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Human endeavor for anti-SARS-CoV-2 pharmacotherapy: A major strategy to fight the pandemic</strong> - The global spread of COVID-19 constitutes the most dangerous pandemic to emerge during the last one hundred years. About seventy-nine million infections and more than 1.7 million death have been reported to date, along with destruction of the global economy. With the uncertainty evolved by alarming level of genome mutations, coupled with likelihood of generating only a short lived immune response by the vaccine injections, the identification of antiviral drugs for direct therapy is the need of...</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The race to treat COVID-19: Potential therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2</strong> - The unforeseen emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at the Wuhan province of China in December 2019, subsequently its abrupt spread across the world has severely affected human life. In a short span of time, COVID-19 has sacked more than one million human lives and marked as a severe global pandemic, which is drastically accountable for the adverse effect directly to the human society, particularly the health care system...</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 CLASSIFICATION RECOGNITION METHOD BASED ON CT IMAGES OF LUNGS</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU314054415">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A traditional Chinese medicine composition for COVID-19 and/or influenza and preparation method thereof</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU313300659">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Covid 19 - Chewing Gum</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU313269181">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>STOCHASTIC MODEL METHOD TO DETERMINE THE PROBABILITY OF TRANSMISSION OF NOVEL COVID-19</strong> - The present invention is directed to a stochastic model method to assess the risk of spreading the disease and determine the probability of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN313339294">link</a></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Fahrzeuglüftungssystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen Fahrzeuglüftungssystems</strong> -
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Die Erfindung betrifft ein Fahrzeuglüftungssystem (1) zum Belüften einer Fahrgastzelle (2) eines Fahrzeugs (3), mit einem Umluftpfad (5). Die Erfindung ist gekennzeichnet durch eine wenigstens abschnittsweise in einen Umluftansaugbereich (4) des Umluftpads (5) hineinreichende Sterilisationseinrichtung (6), wobei die Sterilisationseinrichtung (6) dazu eingerichtet ist von einem aus der Fahrgastzelle (2) entnommenen Luftstrom getragene Schadstoffe zu inaktivieren und/oder abzutöten.</p></li>
</ul>
<img alt="embedded image" id="EMI-D00000"/>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"></p>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=DE313868337">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The use of human serum albumin (HSA) and Cannabigerol (CBG) as active ingredients in a composition for use in the treatment of Coronavirus (Covid-19) and its symptoms</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU313251184">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The use of human serum albumin (HSA) and Cannabigerol (CBG) as active ingredients in a composition for use in the treatment of Coronavirus (Covid-19) and its symptoms</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU313251182">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>"AYURVEDIC PROPRIETARY MEDICINE FOR TREATMENT OF SEVERWE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS 2 (SARS-COV-2."</strong> - AbstractAyurvedic Proprietary Medicine for treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)In one of the aspect of the present invention it is provided that Polyherbal combinations called Coufex (syrup) is prepared as Ayurvedic Proprietary Medicine , Aqueous Extracts Mixing with Sugar Syrup form the following herbal aqueous extract coriandrum sativum was used for the formulation of protek.Further another Polyherbal combination protek as syrup is prepared by the combining an aqueous extract of the medicinal herbs including Emblica officinalis, Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica, Aegle marmelos, Zingiber officinale, Ocimum sanctum, Adatoda zeylanica, Piper lingum, Andrographis panivulata, Coriandrum sativum, Tinospora cordiofolia, cuminum cyminum,piper nigrum was used for the formulation of Coufex. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN312324209">link</a></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mund-Nasen-Bedeckung</strong> -
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Mund-Nasen-Bedeckung (1), wobei die Mund-Nasen-Bedeckung (1) mindestens an einem Ohr eines Trägers magnetisch befestigbar ist.</p></li>
</ul>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"></p>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=DE313866760">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Haptens, hapten conjugates, compositions thereof and method for their preparation and use</strong> - A method for performing a multiplexed diagnostic assay, such as for two or more different targets in a sample, is described. One embodiment comprised contacting the sample with two or more specific binding moieties that bind specifically to two or more different targets. The two or more specific binding moieties are conjugated to different haptens, and at least one of the haptens is an oxazole, a pyrazole, a thiazole, a nitroaryl compound other than dinitrophenyl, a benzofurazan, a triterpene, a urea, a thiourea, a rotenoid, a coumarin, a cyclolignan, a heterobiaryl, an azo aryl, or a benzodiazepine. The sample is contacted with two or more different anti-hapten antibodies that can be detected separately. The two or more different anti-hapten antibodies may be conjugated to different detectable labels. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU311608060">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Andrew Yangs Ideas on Universal Basic Income Earned Him Fans. But Can He Win Votes?</strong> - His pitch in the mayoral race is for New York to become the “anti-poverty” city. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-local-correspondents/andrew-yangs-ideas-on-universal-basic-income-earned-him-fans-but-can-he-win-votes">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Can the COVID-19 Vaccine Beat the Proliferation of New Virus Mutations?</strong> - Stopping transmission blocks the opportunity for viral mutation. Vaccination is the only means we have of standing in the viruss way. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/can-the-covid-19-vaccine-beat-the-proliferation-of-new-virus-mutations">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Navalnys Long-Running Battle with Putin Enters a New Phase</strong> - The jailed opposition leader is creating a model of guerrilla political warfare for the digital age. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/dispatch/navalnys-long-running-battle-with-putin-enters-a-new-phase">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ezra Kleins Playbook for the Democratic Party</strong> - The Times opinion columnist discusses the Senate filibuster, the future of Democratic governance, and the Republican Partys rebranding after Trump. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/ezra-kleins-playbook-for-the-democratic-party">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Putins Unchanging, Unthinking Response to Alexey Navalny</strong> - Navalny is not only spectacularly brave but also fantastically inventive. The Russian President responds with blunt force. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/vladimir-putins-unchanging-unthinking-response-to-alexey-navalny">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Why Mitch McConnell relented on his demands about preserving the filibuster</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Senate Holds Hearings For Key Biden Cabinet Nominees" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/kUZVPMrUwUJxYqa6CY4UraGYUJ4=/0x0:4164x3123/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/68720503/1297264903.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Sen. Mitch McConnell leaves the Senate chamber on January 19, 2021 in Washington, DC. | Justin Sullivan/Getty Images
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</figure></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
McConnell didnt get all hed hoped, but got some Democrats to reaffirm their commitment to the filibuster.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QKSvMP">
Minority Leader Mitch McConnell is no longer holding up the <a href="https://www.vox.com/22242810/50-50-senate-rules-chuck-schumer-mitch-mcconnell">Senate organizing resolution</a> — after two Democrats confirmed that they wont be blowing up the legislative filibuster any time soon.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="p6kr9I">
In the past few weeks, Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer and McConnell have been working to negotiate the organizing resolution — which governs committee membership and funding allocation — in the 50-50 Senate. The leaders had previously been at an impasse because McConnell was demanding that Democrats commit to keeping the legislative filibuster intact as part of the resolution, something Schumer was unwilling to do, since it would reduce the partys leverage in negotiations over future legislation.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9GWHns">
Since the organizing resolution could be filibustered — and would need 60 votes to pass — McConnells opposition effectively allowed him to block the measure from advancing.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QOmtYD">
And while he didnt get the changes to the organizing resolution he wanted, McConnells approach still worked in a way: Amid the impasse over the agreement, two Senate Democrats — Joe Manchin (D-WV) and Kyrsten Sinema (D-AZ) — publicly restated that they would not vote to eliminate the filibuster. Without their backing, Democrats simply wont have the numbers to do a rules change: All 50 members of the caucus would need to get behind a change to the filibuster for it to happen. (Its worth noting that this position is consistent with stances both lawmakers have vocalized before.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SDmDjl">
Its because of Sinema and Manchins statements that McConnell now says hes satisfied and willing to move forward with the organizing measure, after causing some annoying delays. Without this resolution, Democrats have been unable to formally take over committee chair positions, and new members have yet to be seated in committees. Republicans also retained the ability to oversee consideration of nominees and other policy priorities.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eeObeW">
“Today two Democratic Senators publicly confirmed they will not vote to end the legislative filibuster,” McConnell said in a statement Monday night. “With these assurances, I look forward to moving ahead with a power-sharing agreement modeled on that precedent.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PvkrCU">
McConnells statement came as pressure from Democrats was growing for him to relent — and as his refusal to compromise was beginning to threaten Senate business. “Were glad Senator McConnell threw in the towel and gave up on his ridiculous demand. We look forward to organizing the Senate under Democratic control and start getting big, bold things done for the American people,” said Justin Goodman, a Schumer spokesperson.
</p>
<h3 id="L6CFqx">
McConnell secured a commitment from some Democrats, though that could still change
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="T4eotf">
While McConnell is not getting the pledge he wanted from Schumer about preserving the legislative filibuster, he effectively got one from Manchin and Sinema — whose votes would be vital to approve a rules change.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="k5fNFE">
Both lawmakers have issued strong statements expressing their opposition to blowing up the legislative filibuster, which requires most bills meet a 60-vote threshold in order to pass.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RJHIbz">
“She is not open to changing her mind about eliminating the filibuster,” <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/powerpost/senate-gridlock-threatens-biden-agenda/2021/01/23/6119e512-5cf3-11eb-b8bd-ee36b1cd18bf_story.html">a Sinema spokesperson told the Washington Post</a> on Monday. Manchin echoed this stance <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/25/joe-manchin-filibuster-462364">in an interview with Politico</a>: “If I havent said it very plain, maybe Sen. McConnell hasnt understood, I want to basically say it for you. That I will not vote in this Congress, thats two years, right?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cGSG0Q">
Armed with these assurances, McConnell signaled that hed be comfortable advancing the organizing resolution, since his focus had been keeping the filibuster around to preserve the minoritys ability to block legislation that it disagrees with. Lawmakers positions on the filibuster could, of course, still change, despite the statements theyve issued.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iTpZNv">
Ultimately, keeping the filibuster is likely to make passing any sweeping legislation difficult, as Democrats would need every member of their caucus plus 10 Republicans to do so. Its because of this that many of the more progressive members of the caucus, like Sens. Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) and Ed Markey (D-MA), have called for the filibuster to be abolished. And some other Democrats, including those who have been hesitant to change the rules, have acknowledged this difficulty as well.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yKsTVC">
A statement that Sen. Jon Tester (D-MT) gave to the <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/25/us/senate-filibuster.html?smid=tw-share">New York Times</a> sums up how some Democrats currently unwilling to end the filibuster are thinking about the issue. They may be in favor of keeping it now, but are open to considering more drastic action if McConnell maintains obstruction to Bidens agenda. “If all that happens is filibuster after filibuster, roadblock after roadblock, then my opinion may change,” said Tester, who is currently <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/25/us/senate-filibuster.html?smid=tw-share">in favor of keeping the filibuster</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="S2ALXR">
Manchin and Sinema have said they dont expect their positions to shift. Whether they maintain this stance in the face of ongoing Republican opposition, however, remains to be seen.
</p>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mitch McConnells filibustering could prompt Democrats to weigh chipping away at the filibuster</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ctuqC6WDaXZh3zFrtp-FSzzNQHY=/0x0:5023x3767/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/68720066/1294922235.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, left, and Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer stand back to back in the House Chamber during a joint session of Congress on January 6, 2021, in Washington, DC.  | Drew Angerer/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A fight over the Senates organizing resolution could push Democrats to consider passing it unilaterally.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QKSvMP">
A fight over the <a href="https://www.vox.com/22242810/50-50-senate-rules-chuck-schumer-mitch-mcconnell">Senate organizing resolution</a> has put questions about the legislative filibuster front and center.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="O9ZoB0">
At the moment, Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer and Minority Leader Mitch McConnell are still negotiating what this organizing resolution — which establishes committee memberships and funding allocations for both parties — will include.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cxQHZh">
An ongoing disagreement between the two lawmakers has centered on the legislative filibuster, which effectively requires most bills to hit a 60-vote threshold in order to pass.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FEIwJi">
McConnell has demanded that Democrats commit to keeping the filibuster around as part of this resolution<strong>. </strong>But Schumer has refused to acquiesce to this request because doing so would unnecessarily limit the procedural options that Democrats, who only have a slight majority with Vice President Kamala Harriss vote, have moving forward. Refusing to commit now will also allow Democrats to use threats of ending the filibuster as leverage in future negotiations. (A promise to protect the filibuster in the resolution would not necessarily prevent Democrats from eliminating it, but its a way to have them on the record on the subject if they decide to change the rules in the future.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="giRU1l">
“All I can tell you is we are not letting McConnell dictate how the Senate operates. He is minority leader,” Schumer recently told reporters.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="r3P3kV">
By withholding backing for the measure unless his demands are met, McConnell is preventing the Senate from setting up the infrastructure it needs to function, since the resolution requires Republican support to pass. Schumer, meanwhile, has pushed for a resolution similar to the one approved by Sens. Tom Daschle and Trent Lott in 2001, the last time the Senate had a 50-50 breakdown. That measure did not address the issue of the filibuster, which McConnell argues needs to be included this time around to preserve the rights of the minority party in the Senate.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="v7Zo1s">
In holding up the organizing resolution, McConnell is causing some annoying delays. Without the passage of this measure, Democrats are unable to formally take over committee chair positions, and new members have yet to be seated in committees. Republicans also retain the ability to oversee consideration of nominees and other policy priorities, a dynamic that could slow the progress of President Joe Bidens legislative agenda. In many ways — at least for the time being — McConnells refusal to budge gives the minority party some residual control of the Senate.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kgQ8PW">
McConnells request has also compelled some Democratic lawmakers including Sens. Joe Manchin (D-WV) and Kyrsten Sinema (D-AZ) to reaffirm their commitment to the filibuster — underscoring ongoing Democratic divides on the issue. “She is not open to changing her mind about eliminating the filibuster,” <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/powerpost/senate-gridlock-threatens-biden-agenda/2021/01/23/6119e512-5cf3-11eb-b8bd-ee36b1cd18bf_story.html">a Sinema spokesperson told the Washington Post</a> on Monday. Manchin echoed this stance <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/25/joe-manchin-filibuster-462364">in an interview with Politico</a>: “If I havent said it very plain, maybe Sen. McConnell hasnt understood, I want to basically say it for you. That I will not vote in this Congress, thats two years, right?” Because a change to the filibuster would require all 50 members of the Democratic caucus to be on board, Sinema and Manchins statements provide McConnell with a guarantee if they maintain these positions.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cznYrl">
Democrats next steps will depend heavily on whether McConnell keeps up his push amid these recent statements and the growing pressure from lawmakers who are frustrated by their inability to fully govern. <a href="https://twitter.com/bresreports/status/1353847347437056000">McConnell on Monday told Punchbowl News</a> that the two leaders were “getting close.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2NHapl">
Depending on how long this impasse continues, and how incensed lawmakers are by McConnells obstruction, Democrats could opt to eliminate the filibuster specifically for the organizing resolution. Such a move would open the door for potential rule changes down the line, including more sweeping ones.
</p>
<h3 id="El0SgG">
Senate Democrats could blow up the filibuster — in a narrow way
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aceTss">
There are a couple different ways this stalemate could end: McConnell could concede and drop his request, Schumer could cave and offer a statement signaling Democrats commitment to maintaining the filibuster, or Democrats could try to pass the organizing resolution with a simple majority vote. Neither McConnell nor Schumer has signaled that they intend to give in yet.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qfHZ53">
That last scenario is the one that could require Democrats to consider eliminating the filibuster specifically for the organizing resolution, and such a move would likely indicate a strong possibility of other procedural tweaks to come. Under current rules, the organizing resolution is subject to the filibuster, and Democrats require 60 votes to advance it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mBw4RE">
To pass it with a simple majority, or 51 votes — including Vice President Kamala Harris as a tiebreaker — Democrats would need to alter the rules and eliminate the filibuster, a change they could apply solely to the resolution. By ending the filibuster just for organizing resolutions, theyd be able to advance this measure with the support of only the Democratic caucus, but they wouldnt be getting rid of the legislative filibuster completely.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MhGSMC">
“There could be a narrow nuking of the filibuster,” says Josh Huder, a senior fellow at the Government Affairs Institute. And there is some precedent for a tailored alteration of the filibuster rules: In another instance in 2013, Democrats eliminated the filibuster for the majority of presidential nominees, but did not do so for Supreme Court nominees.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="48a1d3">
Part of the motivation for taking this step could be growing frustration over how the organizing resolution is holding up progress in the Senate. Since the heads of committees havent been able to formally claim their chair roles, they havent been able to move forward with the types of hearings and policy markups theyd like to pursue. Manchin, for instance, is in line to become chair of the energy and natural resources committee, but hasnt yet been able to fully take up that mantle. Before any of the Democrats agenda items can come to the Senate floor, they have to go through these committees — and Republican heads have shown little interest in expediting Democratic priorities.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="doAMAM">
Those against such changes warn that Democrats may not always be in the majority, and a future Republican majority could then organize in some way they find objectionable. This move could also set up a slippery slope toward eliminating the legislative filibuster entirely in the future, since it requires all members of the 50-person caucus to be on board. Once moderate Democrats publicly opposed to filibuster changes were to vote for this alteration, they would face pressure to do so again.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tlIBgS">
“That would be a very large crack in an already broke dam,” says Huder.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rOJFGe">
Its worth noting, though, that this scenario would mark a significant step for Democrats, several of whom have otherwise been firm in their opposition to changes to the legislative filibuster. As such, theres a strong possibility lawmakers stop short of going this far.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EZbUmE">
In the previous 50-50 Congress, Daschle told Vox that he and Lott were ultimately able to come to an agreement, despite pushback from <a href="https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2021/0122/How-does-a-50-50-Senate-work-Two-leaders-who-tried-it-explain">Republicans who claimed it gave Democrats too much power</a>. He notes that passage could be more challenging now given the present environment of increased partisanship.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wegRVt">
“We didnt have the social media, we didnt have the hyperbolic cable news opinion makers. We certainly didnt have impeachment,” he told Vox.
</p>
<h3 id="dxy5Pn">
This debate has reaffirmed Democratic divides over the filibuster
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QkavOm">
At the moment, theres not only a chasm between Republicans and Democrats on the filibuster, but a divide among the Democratic caucus as well.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DPytaH">
The Democratic caucus, which includes 48 Democrats and two independents, is not currently united on plans to eliminate the legislative filibuster — and the ongoing spotlight on the issue has underscored this split.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9Iqpem">
While Manchin and Sinema have directly rejected changes to the filibuster, other lawmakers including Sens. Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) have stated their wariness in the past as well. On the other hand, more progressive senators, like Sens. Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) and Ed Markey (D-MA), have argued for abolishing the rule.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cGSG0Q">
Ultimately, keeping it is likely to make passing any sweeping legislation difficult, as Democrats would need every member of the caucus plus 10 Republicans to do so. And some lawmakers, including those who have been hesitant to change the rules, have acknowledged this.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yKsTVC">
A statement that Sen. Jon Tester (D-MT) gave to the New York Times sums up how Democrats may be considering more drastic action if McConnell maintains ongoing obstruction to Bidens agenda.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6U8zqa">
“If all that happens is filibuster after filibuster, roadblock after roadblock, then my opinion may change,” said Tester, who is currently <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/25/us/senate-filibuster.html?smid=tw-share">in favor of keeping the filibuster</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="N31sAi">
In the long term, abolishing the filibuster would radically alter how the Senate does business and make it far easier for the majority to advance its agenda. In the short term, too, it would significantly change the chambers dynamic: If the legislative filibuster were broadly eliminated, moderate senators like Manchin and Sinema would become the key votes on any bills that were contentious, giving them significant influence within the caucus, while also ramping up the pressure they face for each of these votes.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="S8vaHt">
The organizing resolution could well be the first test of how willing Democrats are to change Senate rules for their immediate gain — and a preview of how the caucus will respond to McConnells procedural obstruction.
</p>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Whats next for Trumps Senate impeachment trial</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/pGPnJuiQL7t7UItH92Pymy4lG74=/21x0:3481x2595/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/68720010/GettyImages_1230788866.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Senate president pro tem Patrick Leahy (D-VT) will preside over Trumps trial. | Ting Shen/Bloomberg via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The House transmitted its article of impeachment to the Senate. Heres what we know about the trial.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jqRSjs">
The House of Representatives officially presented their article of impeachment of Donald Trump to the Senate Monday evening, setting up his second impeachment trial and the first ever of a former US president.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HKRtPq">
The main action in that trial is still about two weeks away, set to start around February 9 (though well be seeing documents — including Trumps response to the charges — sooner). Many details about how the trial will be structured and proceed remain unsettled, though it will likely be short. Majority Leader Chuck Schumer <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/jan/25/trump-impeachment-trial-senate-schumer-pelosi-biden-capitol-attack">said Sunday</a> it will “move relatively quickly” because the Senate has “so much else to do” — for instance, confirming President Joe Bidens nominees and trying to pass a coronavirus relief bill.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hBTBHf">
Trump <a href="https://www.vox.com/22223972/trump-impeached-house-senate-trial-former-president">became the first-ever president impeached twice</a> days before he left office, with the charge being “incitement of insurrection,” related to his attempting to overturn his presidential election defeat and egging his supporters on to interfere with Congresss count of the electoral votes on January 6.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AU31iu">
The lead House impeachment manager, Rep. Jamie Raskin (D-MD), read the charge on the Senate floor Monday. “President Trump gravely endangered the security of the United States and its institutions of Government,” Raskin said. “He threatened the integrity of the democratic system, interfered with the peaceful transition of power, and imperiled a coequal branch of Government. He thereby betrayed his trust as President, to the manifest injury of the people of the United States.”
</p>
<div id="yKYuKI">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
WATCH: Lead impeachment manager Rep. Jamie Raskin reads article of impeachment charging former Pres. Trump with inciting the Jan. 6 riot at the U.S. Capitol. <a href="https://t.co/OCaj6FmyJd">https://t.co/OCaj6FmyJd</a> <a href="https://t.co/67ZEBmPkjL">pic.twitter.com/67ZEBmPkjL</a>
</p>
— This Week (<span class="citation">@ThisWeekABC</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/ThisWeekABC/status/1353859579650727945?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">January 26, 2021</a>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="n2sa58">
Because Trump is now out of power, the main issue at stake will be whether he should be banned from holding federal office in the future. But despite the violence and five deaths that took place when his supporters stormed the Capitol, Trumps conviction still seems a tall order — because it would require a two-thirds majority of the Senate, which means at least 17 Republican senators. And there have been <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/22/politics/senate-republicans-trump-impeachment-case/index.html">few signs of late</a> that such Republican support will materialize.
</p>
<h3 id="8c3Hmf">
How a Senate impeachment trial works
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HCukLR">
Though senators will be sworn as jurors this Tuesday, Trumps trial isnt really getting started yet. Schumer and Minority Leader Mitch McConnell have agreed that both the prosecution (the impeachment managers designated by the House of Representatives) and the defense (Trumps team) will have at least two weeks to prepare, to submit required pretrial briefs, and to respond to each others briefs. During this time, the Senate will vote on more of Bidens nominees.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Bn5504">
The action of the trial itself will kick off in two weeks — the week of February 8. And since theres no set-in-stone guideline for how an impeachment trial is structured, the first step will be for the Senate to try and pass a resolution laying out how things will go.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Mg0Zj2">
For Trumps previous impeachment trial under a GOP-controlled Senate, presided over by Chief Justice John Roberts, there were essentially three main phases of action. First, the prosecution had several days to present its case in opening arguments. Second, the defense presented opening arguments, also over several days. And third, senators got to submit questions for each sides legal team to answer.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gASc0Q">
The Senate could have opted to continue the trial after that but it did not. Republicans then voted against calling any witnesses and decided to proceed to a verdict. And on February 5, 2020, they made that verdict official — <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/2/5/21124038/senate-acquits-trump-impeachment-articles">acquitting Trump</a> on both articles of impeachment, 52-48 and 53-47. (Remember, it takes a two-thirds majority — 67 votes — for conviction, so they werent particularly close. Mitt Romney of Utah was the sole Senate Republican who voted to convict Trump, on one of the articles.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lclUNG">
Trumps second impeachment trial will likely be structured similarly to the first, but with some differences. For one, because Trump is no longer the sitting president, Chief Justice Roberts wont preside — Senate president pro tem Patrick Leahy (D-VT) <a href="https://www.npr.org/2021/01/25/960389715/sen-patrick-leahy-to-preside-over-trumps-senate-impeachment-trial">will instead</a>. Additionally, relevant documents from federal agencies (which could shed light on, say, why the National Guard wasnt mobilized sooner as protesters stormed the US Capitol) may be more available, if the Biden administration chooses to hand them over. (The Trump administration famously withheld cooperation from the impeachment inquiry in 2019, spurring the House to make that the basis for the second of his two articles of impeachment then: obstruction of Congress.)
</p>
<h3 id="psTpGV">
Democrats face a quandary
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="i7AwHc">
A major problem for Senate Democrats making decisions about the trial is that the question of whether Trump will be convicted is not up to them. If all 50 Democrats vote to convict Trump, 17 Republicans would have to join them, or else Trump would just be acquitted again.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KuARHN">
So in deciding how to structure this trial — particularly how much time to allot to it compared to Bidens other priorities, whether to call witnesses for testimony, and how much they should work with McConnell on shaping it — Democrats also have to make up their minds on what they are really trying to achieve here.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0GtTvb">
That is: Is convicting Trump a real possibility, or is it a pipe dream?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ldYs21">
Because if conviction actually is on the table, it would be enormously consequential for American democracy, due to the prospect of disqualifying Trump from running for president again in 2024. Trumps actions since November (and, of course, many of his actions before) show that he personally is a major threat to the functioning of our electoral system. And while he may seem beaten and discredited now, he remains <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/01/20/how-we-know-the-drop-in-trumps-approval-rating-in-january-reflected-a-real-shift-in-public-opinion/">quite popular among Republican voters</a>. A political comeback for him is a real possibility.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EIPmi3">
In the days after the storming of the Capitol, various <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/1/12/22227838/impeachment-liz-cheney-mcconnell-trump-katko">anonymously sourced stories appeared</a> suggesting that McConnell and other Senate Republicans really were open to convicting Trump. But of course, anyone familiar with Senate Republicans conduct in recent years is aware that they tend to find their way toward sticking with President Trump eventually. Few were willing to speak so boldly in public, and in the House, just 10 of the 207 Republicans present <a href="https://clerk.house.gov/evs/2021/roll017.xml">voted to impeach</a> Trump
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3ybpnJ">
Predictably, on Friday, <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/22/politics/senate-republicans-trump-impeachment-case/index.html">CNNs Manu Raju, Ted Barrett, and Jeremy Bird</a> reported that, per their interviews with more than a dozen Senate Republicans, “only a handful” in the GOP conference “are truly at risk of flipping to convict the former President.” Several who are hesitant to outright defend Trumps post-election conduct have latched on to the argument that its unconstitutional to hold an impeachment trial for a former president. (As <a href="https://www.vox.com/22242411/trump-impeachment-constitution-senate-trial-conviction-disqualify-william-belknap">Ian Millhiser writes</a>, theres not really a clear answer to this question, but its a convenient dodge for Republicans seeking to cloak their defense of Trump in a newly discovered supposed constitutional principle.) In any case, for conviction to succeed, Democrats would need a lot more than a handful.
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If the impeachment trial is already headed toward certain acquittal, it may not change some things about how Democrats hope to structure the trial — theyll surely want to try and make a strong case regardless. But it would certainly affect their decisions about how much time they want to spend on it. The recent tradition has been that while the Senate holds a presidential impeachment trial, it puts all other business aside — meaning all confirmations and legislation would grind to a halt. Democrats have floated the idea of a half-day impeachment, half-day ordinary business, but its unclear if that would pass muster from the Senate parliamentarians office, and even that would curtail their ability to pursue Bidens legislative agenda.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JT6MXX">
This may be why Schumer <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/jan/25/trump-impeachment-trial-senate-schumer-pelosi-biden-capitol-attack">has already suggested</a> he doesnt want to spend too much time on the trial. Because if its anything like Trumps last impeachment trial, little that happens there will change any senators mind.
</p>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Prolific Joe Root has potential to surpass Sachin Tendulkar's Test record, says Geoffrey Boycott</strong> - Joe Root has also become the fourth-highest run-getter in Test cricket for England and the first ever captain to hit two double-hundreds.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sindhu, Srikanth look to turn the tide at BWF World Tour Finals</strong> - Srikanth and Sindhu will have a tough task taming their rivals in the tournament, going by their recent performances and head-to-head records.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Virat Kohli has made India a tough side, can't be bullied: Nasser Hussain</strong> - Hussain warned England to be ready for a tough one in the four-Test series against India, starting February 5 in Chennai.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Countering India will be a big challenge for England spinners: Jayawardene</strong> - “The two spinners - Dom Bess and Jack Leach will have learned a lot here but it will be a bigger challenge in India,” says former Sri Lankan skipper Mahela Jayawardene.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Setback for Carlsen and Harikrishna</strong> - P. Harikrishna suffered his first loss in the Tata Steel Masters chess tournament after running into an in-form Alireza Firouzja (5.5 points) who emer</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Nagaland Governor takes aim at NSCN faction in Republic Day speech</strong> - Politics by gun has undermined efforts to resolve Naga issue, says R.N. Ravi</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Culture Minister condemns protests at Red Fort</strong> - Farmers hoisted flag of their movement and the Sikh flag Nishan Sahib in monument</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A parallel parade marred by violence | Tractor rally in pictures</strong> - The parallel Republic Day parade organised by protesting farmers took a violent turn when some of them refused to go by the route approved by the Delh</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>UNSC unable to effectively address complex issues because it lacks inclusivity: India</strong> - India, along with Brazil, Japan and Germany are pressing for urgent reform of the U.N. Security Council and for a permanent seat in the reformed 15-member top organ of the world body.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Not 100% satisfied with Maha Vir Chakra awarded to Col. Santosh Babu, says his father</strong> - “He should have been honoured with the Param Vir Chakra,” Col. Babus father said.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Italian PM Conte resigns following pandemic criticism</strong> - Mr Conte hopes to form a new and stronger government after losing a Senate majority last week.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Covid: Dutch curfew riots rage for third night</strong> - Police describe it as the worst unrest in the Netherlands for decades, with more than 180 arrests.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Coronavirus: Vaccine supply fears grow amid EU export threat</strong> - The EU calls for "fair" distribution after vaccine companies cut back on pledged supplies.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Dozens of smuggled chameleons found in suitcase in Austria</strong> - The animals are being nursed back to health at a zoo after Austrian airport security spotted them.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Vladimir Putin: Russian palace in Navalny video not mine</strong> - President Putin denies links to a palace featured in a video by his arch-critic Alexei Navalny.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Not just MagSafe: Apple reminds users not to hold iPhones near pacemakers</strong> - In response to iPhone 12 fears, Apple updates support hub with revised guidance. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1737331">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Deactivation of Flash may have crippled Chinese railroad for a day [Updated]</strong> - Railroad officials were blindsided by the long-scheduled deactivation of Flash. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1737330">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>AT&amp;T may keep majority ownership of DirecTV as it closes in on final deal</strong> - It's unclear whether AT&amp;T will maintain operational control of DirecTV. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1737256">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Bad news for land-speed record fans as Bloodhound goes up for sale</strong> - After testing to 628mph in 2019, the car now needs its rocket engine integrated. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1737284">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How Final Fantasy VII Remake legitimizes sexuality and gender identity</strong> - Over 20 years later, "Cloud in a dress" isn't just treated as a joke. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1737241">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Three men are talking in a Soviet gulag.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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One of them asks the two others: "So what did you do?"
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The first one answers: "Well, I arrived late at the factory, and so they accused me of slowing down the Revolution and the victory of the Proletariat."
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The second one answers: "Well, I arrived early at the factory, and so they accused me of wanting to be favored and promoted over my fellow workers."
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Then they turn to the one who asked the question: "How about you, then?"
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"Well, I arrived at the factory right on time, and so they accused me of having a watch from the West."
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/MudakMudakov"> /u/MudakMudakov </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/l51uxu/three_men_are_talking_in_a_soviet_gulag/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/l51uxu/three_men_are_talking_in_a_soviet_gulag/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>I was cleaning one of my finger guns.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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I accidentally blew a hole through my air guitar.
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Edit: thanks anonymous redditors for the awards: two silvers and a hugz! I am unworthy!
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/rumblefish65"> /u/rumblefish65 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/l5276q/i_was_cleaning_one_of_my_finger_guns/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/l5276q/i_was_cleaning_one_of_my_finger_guns/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>How does an uncreative Redditor get karma?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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Piece of cake.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Graykitten47"> /u/Graykitten47 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/l53r0e/how_does_an_uncreative_redditor_get_karma/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/l53r0e/how_does_an_uncreative_redditor_get_karma/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>If the USSR got back together</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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Would it be called the Soviet Reunion?
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/TonyClifton323"> /u/TonyClifton323 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/l54mer/if_the_ussr_got_back_together/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/l54mer/if_the_ussr_got_back_together/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>(NSFW) I have a sexual fetish for intellectual breakthroughs</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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I struggled for a while, but then I came to a realization
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/clemclem3"> /u/clemclem3 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/l4nf1g/nsfw_i_have_a_sexual_fetish_for_intellectual/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/l4nf1g/nsfw_i_have_a_sexual_fetish_for_intellectual/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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