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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Bayesian Framework for Moderated Mediation Using Covid-19-caused Natural Experiment: Modeling Home Advantage in Soccer</strong> -
<div>
Observational studies are being used more and more in psychology and medicine since they provide a wealth of data for real-world issues. Their biggest drawback is the lack of falsification due to the control mechanisms of control conditions being unavailable. However, the Covid-19 pandemic and the isolation policies related to it have provided an environment in which researchers can use natural experimental design to establish causal pathways in phenomena. Here we demonstrate how Covid-19-related changes can be used to investigate causal effects behind Home Advantage (HA), a robust phenomenon in which sport teams are more successful when they play in front of their fans. HA theories assume that the crowd support spurs home players to better performance and biases referees, and that these two factors in turn influence the result. Covid-19 has provided the perfect control condition for disentangling the causal links of the HA as sport teams have played at home but without the presence of fans. Using our newly developed Home Advantage Mediated (HAM) model, which considers all individual factors and their interrelations simultaneously instead of in isolation as was previously the case, we demonstrate how Covid-19 enables us to disentangle the processes behind the HA phenomenon. Besides throwing new (modeling) light on one of the most robust phenomena in sport, our paper also provides information about the practical implementation of mediation and moderated mediation mixed-effects models in the Bayesian framework. Similar implementations can be adapted in other medical and social science fields.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/vz7de/" target="_blank">Bayesian Framework for Moderated Mediation Using Covid-19-caused Natural Experiment: Modeling Home Advantage in Soccer</a>
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<li><strong>Noninvasive diagnosis of secondary infections in COVID-19 by sequencing of plasma microbial cell-free DNA.</strong> -
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Background: Secondary infection (SI) diagnosis in COVID-19 is challenging, due to overlapping clinical presentations, practical limitations in obtaining samples from the lower respiratory tract (LRT), and low sensitivity of microbiologic cultures. Research Question: Can metagenomic sequencing of plasma microbial cell-free DNA (mcfDNA-Seq) help diagnose SIs complicating COVID-19? Study Design and Methods: We enrolled 42 inpatients with COVID-19 classified as microbiologically-confirmed SI (Micro-SI, n=8), clinically-diagnosed SI (Clinical-SI, n=13, i.e. empiric antimicrobials), or no clinical suspicion for SI (No-Suspected-SI, n=21) at time of enrollment. From baseline and follow-up plasma samples (days 5 and 10 post-enrollment), we quantified mcfDNA for all detected microbes by mcfDNA sequencing and measured nine host-response biomarkers. From LRT samples among intubated subjects, we quantified bacterial burden with 16S rRNA gene quantitative PCR. Results: We performed mcfDNA-Seq in 82 plasma samples. Sequencing was successful in 60/82 (73.2%) samples, which had significantly lower levels of human cfDNA than failed samples (p&lt;0.0001). McfDNA detection was significantly higher in Micro-SI (15/16 [94%]) compared to Clinical-SI samples (8/14 [57%], p=0.03), and unexpectedly common in No-Suspected-SI samples (25/30 [83%]), similar to detection rate in Micro-SI. We detected culture-concordant mcfDNA species in 13/16 Micro-SI samples (81%) and mcfDNA levels tracked with SI outcome (resolution or persistence) under antibiotic therapy. McfDNA levels correlated significantly with LRT bacterial burden (r=0.74, p=0.02) as well as plasma biomarkers of host response (white blood cell count, IL-6, IL-8, and SPD, all p&lt;0.05). Baseline mcfDNA levels were predictive of worse 90-day survival (hazard ratio 1.30 [1.02-1.64] for each log10 mcfDNA, p=0.03). Interpretation: High circulating levels of mcfDNA in a substantial proportion of patients with COVID-19 without clinical suspicion for SI suggest that SIs may often remain undiagnosed. McfDNA-Seq, when clinically available, can offer a non-invasive diagnostic tool for pathogen identification, with prognostic value on host inflammatory response and clinical outcomes.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.09.22279790v1" target="_blank">Noninvasive diagnosis of secondary infections in COVID-19 by sequencing of plasma microbial cell-free DNA.</a>
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<li><strong>A phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial for adult evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike RBD protein vaccine (ABDALA-3 Study).</strong> -
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Background: The pandemic of COVID-19 raised the urgent need of safe and efficacious vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of a new SARS-CoV-2 virus receptor-binding domain (RBD) vaccine. Methods: A phase 3, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was carried out at 18 clinical sites in three provinces of the south-eastern region of Cuba. Subjects (healthy or those with controlled chronic diseases) aged between 19 and 80 years, who gave written informed consent were eligible. Subjects were randomly assigned (1:1, in blocks) to two groups: placebo, and 50 mcg RBD vaccine (Abdala). The product was administered intramuscularly, 0.5 mL in the deltoid region, in a three dose immunization schedule at 0-14-28 days. The organoleptic characteristics and presentations of vaccine and placebo were identical. All participants (subjects, clinical researchers, statisticians, laboratory technicians, and monitors) remained blinded during the study period. The main endpoint was to evaluate the efficacy of the Abdala vaccine in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19. The trial is registered with the Cuban Public Registry of Clinical Trials, RPCEC00000359. Findings: Between March 22 to April 03, 2021, 48290 subjects were included (24144 and 21146 in the placebo and Abdala groups, respectively). The product was well tolerated. No severe adverse events with demonstrated cause-effect relationship attributable to vaccine were reported. The incidence of adverse reactions in the placebo and Abdala vaccine arms were 446/24144 (1.9%) and 615/24146 (2.5%), respectively. Adverse reactions were mostly mild, and from the injection site, which resolved in the first 24-48 hours. The Abdala vaccine efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19 was 92.28% (95% CI 85.74-95.82). In the case of mild/moderate disease the vaccine efficacy was 91.96% (84.69-95.78) and 94.46% (58.52-99.28) for the severe forms (serious/critical disease). There were five critical patients (of which four died), all in the placebo group, indicating that Abdala vaccine efficacy for both conditions was of 100%. Interpretation: The Abdala vaccine was safe, well tolerated, and highly effective, fulfilling the WHO target product profile for COVID-19 vaccines. Funding: Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.08.22279690v1" target="_blank">A phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial for adult evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike RBD protein vaccine (ABDALA-3 Study).</a>
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<li><strong>LEAF- 4L6715 enhances oxygenation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to severe COVID-19: Final results of a phase I/II clinical trial</strong> -
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LEAF-4L6715 is a liposomal formulation encapsulating transcrocetin (TC) developed to enhance the diffusion of oxygen in the body. Here, we report the final results of the phase I/II clinical trial (NCT04378920; EUDRACT2020-001393-30) initiated to identify an optimal regimen and to assess the activity of TC in the context of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). More specifically, LEAF-4L6715 was developed to treat patients with ARDS due to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection who have a ratio of partial arterial pressure to inspired fraction of oxygen (PaO2/FiO2 ratio) &lt;200 treated with artificial ventilation support in an intensive care unit. A total of 37 patients were treated (across 6 dosing cohorts) with LEAF-4L6715 given as an intravenous infusion for over 90 minutes. The dose of LEAF-4L6715 was increased until the transaminase levels were elevated and 4 grade 3 events occurred among 8 patients. The recommended dosage was determined to be a fixed concentration of 300 mg administered every 12 hours. An improvement in the PaO2/FiO2 ratio and SOFA score was observed. The overall 28-day survival rate of 81%. This study identified the recommended dose for LEAF-4L6715 and the dose-limiting toxicity and showed an overall favorable risk/benefit profile. These preliminary findings are promising for the activity of LEAF-4L6715 but will require confirmation in a randomized phase III trial.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.07.22279668v1" target="_blank">LEAF- 4L6715 enhances oxygenation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to severe COVID-19: Final results of a phase I/II clinical trial</a>
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<li><strong>Effectiveness of incentivized peer referral to increase enrollment in a community-based chlamydia screening and treatment study among young Black men</strong> -
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Abstract Purpose: Incentivized peer referral (IPR) has been shown to be an effective method of recruitment for men who have sex with men but has not been studied extensively in men who have sex with women (MSW), particularly among Black MSW. We aimed to determine if IPR was more effective than uncompensated peer referral for recruiting young Black men into a community STI screening study. Methods: We used data from the Check It study, a chlamydia (Ct) screening and treatment program for young Black men ages 15-26 in New Orleans, LA. Enrollment was compared before and after IPR was implemented using Multiple Series Analysis (MTSA). IPR was introduced to increase recruitment that had been severely diminished because of the COVID-19 shutdown. Results: Of 1527 men enrolled, 1399 (91.6%) were enrolled pre-IPR and 128 (8.4%) were enrolled post-IPR. The percentage of men referred by a friend or peer was higher in the post-IPR period than in the pre-IPR period (45.7% vs. 19.7%, p&lt;0.001). Post-pandemic, we observed a statistically significant increase of 2.007 more recruitments (p=0.044, 95% CI (0.0515, 3.964)) at the start of the post-IPR era, compared to the pre-IPR era. Overall, we also observed a trending increase in recruitments in the IPR era relative to the pre-IPR era (0.0174 recruitments/week, p=0.285, 95% CI (-0.0146, 0.0493)) with less recruitment decay in the post-IPR compared to pre-IPR. Conclusions: IPR may be an effective means of engaging young Black men in community based STI research and prevention programs, particularly when clinic access is limited.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.09.22279725v1" target="_blank">Effectiveness of incentivized peer referral to increase enrollment in a community-based chlamydia screening and treatment study among young Black men</a>
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<li><strong>THE EFFECT OF THE MEASLES, MUMPS AND RUBELLA VACCINE ON INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSES IN PERSONS RECEIVING A SARS-COV-2 mRNA VACCINE. A SUB-STUDY OF THE CROWN CORONATION TRIAL</strong> -
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ABSTRACT Vaccination elicits a complex combination of immune responses. Immune memory formation is observed not only in the antibody responses of B-cells, but also in the T-cell response. Moreover, some live attenuated vaccines such as measles-containing vaccines can induces heterologous protection, likely through induction of memory characteristics in the innate immune response. Little is known about the immunological interaction that may occur when different vaccines are administered soon after one another, especially in relation to the novel COVID-19 vaccines. The aim of this study was to compare the innate and adaptive immune responses between persons randomized to receive either a MMR or a placebo (0.9% NaCl) injection prior to their SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. We compared: i) the cytokine and chemokine production (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-22, interferon [IFN]-α and IFN-γ) after in-vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with heterologous stimuli (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus [SARS-CoV]-2, measles mumps and rubella [MMR] vaccine, Toll-like receptor [TLR]-3 ligand, TLR-7/8 ligand, or TLR-4 ligand), and ii) the SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody responses. Ninety-five participants in the CROWN CORONATION trial (NCT04333732; a randomized control trial comparing MMR to placebo for prevention of COVID-19) agreed to an additional single blood sample collection for this immunological study. Samples were collected around 196 (SD 22) days after administration of MMR or placebo, and around 105 (SD 27) days after their second SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine injection. Twenty-four percent of participants were older than fifty and sixty-seven percent were female. The median TNF-α response to stimulation with MMR was 8315.3 pg/mL in the MMR group and 4340.5 pg/mL in the placebo group; adjusted median difference (95% CI) 3012.5 (-4734.1; -323.5); p=0.017. No other significant differences were noted in the cytokine and chemokine responses between treatment groups. The SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assay geometric mean (SD) IC50 in the MMR group was 507.6 (2.6) and in the placebo group was 515.7 (2.2); ratio of geometric means (95% CI) 1.0 (0.7; 1.5). Pre-exposure to MMR vaccine was generally not associated with changes in cytokine and chemokine responses of stimulated PBMCs at 105 (27) days after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. MMR vaccination led only to an increase of TNF-α production in response to an additional ex-vivo stimulation with the MMR vaccine. The SARS-CoV-2 neutralization IC50 values did not differ between MMR and placebo groups. Further studies using a repeated measures design would be better suited to explore or rule-out any short-lived vaccine response and vaccine-vaccine immunological interaction.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.09.22279771v1" target="_blank">THE EFFECT OF THE MEASLES, MUMPS AND RUBELLA VACCINE ON INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSES IN PERSONS RECEIVING A SARS-COV-2 mRNA VACCINE. A SUB-STUDY OF THE CROWN CORONATION TRIAL</a>
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<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 Serosurveys: How antigen, isotype and threshold choices affect the outcome</strong> -
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Background: Evaluating the performance of SARS-CoV-2 serological assays and clearly articulating the utility of selected antigen, isotypes and thresholds is crucial to understanding the prevalence of infection within selected communities. Methods: This cross-sectional study, implemented in 2020, screened PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients (n=86), banked pre-pandemic and negative donors (n=96), health care workers and family members (n=552), and university employees (n=327) for anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD), trimeric spike protein (S), and nucleocapsid protein (N) IgG and IgA antibodies with a laboratory developed Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and tested how antigen, isotype and threshold choices affected the seroprevalence. The following threshold methods were evaluated: (i) mean + 3 standard deviations of the negative controls; (ii) 100% specificity for each antigen/isotype combination; and (iii) the maximal Youden index. Results: We found vastly different seroprevalence estimates depending on selected antigens, isotypes and the applied threshold method, ranging from 0.0% to 85.4%. Subsequently, we maximized specificity and reported a seroprevalence, based on more than one antigen, ranging from 9.3% to 25.9%. Conclusions: This study revealed the importance of evaluating serosurvey tools for antigen, isotype, and threshold-specific sensitivity and specificity, in order to interpret qualitative serosurvey outcomes reliably and consistently across studies.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.09.22279787v1" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 Serosurveys: How antigen, isotype and threshold choices affect the outcome</a>
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<li><strong>Population Normalization in SARS-CoV-2 Wastewater-Based Epidemiology: Implications from Statewide Wastewater Monitoring in Missouri</strong> -
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The primary objective of this study was to identify a universal wastewater biomarker for population normalization for SARS-CoV-2 wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE). A total of 2,624 wastewater samples (41 weeks) were collected weekly during May 2021- April 2022 from 64 wastewater facilities across Missouri, U.S. Three wastewater biomarkers, caffeine and its metabolite, paraxanthine, and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), were compared for the population normalization effectiveness for wastewater SARS-CoV-2 surveillance. Paraxanthine had the lowest temporal variation and strongest relationship between population compared to caffeine and PMMoV. This result was confirmed by data from ten different Wisconsin WWTPs with gradients in population sizes, indicating paraxanthine is a promising biomarker of the real-time population across a large geographical region. The estimated real-time population was directly compared against the population patterns with human movement mobility data. Of the three biomarkers, population normalization by paraxanthine significantly strengthened the relationship between wastewater SARS-CoV-2 viral load and COVID-19 incidence rate the most (40 out of 61 sewersheds). Caffeine could be a promising population biomarker for regions where no significant exogenous caffeine sources (e.g., discharges from food industries) exist. In contrast, PMMoV showed the highest variability over time, and therefore reduced the strength of the relationship between sewage SARS-CoV-2 viral load and the COVID-19 incidence rate, as compared to wastewater data without population normalization and the population normalized by either recent Census population or the population estimated based on the number of residential connections and average household size for that municipality from the Census. Overall, the findings of this long-term surveillance study concluded that the paraxanthine has the best performance as a biomarker for population normalization for SARS-CoV-2 wastewater-based epidemiology.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.08.22279459v1" target="_blank">Population Normalization in SARS-CoV-2 Wastewater-Based Epidemiology: Implications from Statewide Wastewater Monitoring in Missouri</a>
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<li><strong>Nasal IgA wanes 9 months after hospitalisation with COVID-19 and is not induced by subsequent vaccination.</strong> -
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Background Most studies of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 focus on circulating antibody, giving limited insights into mucosal defences that prevent viral replication and onward transmission. We studied nasal and plasma antibody responses one year after hospitalisation for COVID-19, including a period when SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was introduced. Methods Plasma and nasosorption samples were prospectively collected from 446 adults hospitalised for COVID-19 between February 2020 and March 2021 via the ISARIC4C and PHOSP-COVID consortia. IgA and IgG responses to NP and S of ancestral SARS-CoV-2, Delta and Omicron (BA.1) variants were measured by electrochemiluminescence and compared with plasma neutralisation data. Findings Strong and consistent nasal anti-NP and anti-S IgA responses were demonstrated, which remained elevated for nine months. Nasal and plasma anti-S IgG remained elevated for at least 12 months with high plasma neutralising titres against all variants. Of 180 with complete data, 160 were vaccinated between 6 and 12 months; coinciding with rises in nasal and plasma IgA and IgG anti-S titres for all SARS-CoV-2 variants, although the change in nasal IgA was minimal. Samples 12 months after admission showed no association between nasal IgA and plasma IgG responses, indicating that nasal IgA responses are distinct from those in plasma and minimally boosted by vaccination. Interpretation The decline in nasal IgA responses 9 months after infection and minimal impact of subsequent vaccination may explain the lack of long-lasting nasal defence against reinfection and the limited effects of vaccination on transmission. These findings highlight the need to develop vaccines that enhance nasal immunity.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.09.22279759v1" target="_blank">Nasal IgA wanes 9 months after hospitalisation with COVID-19 and is not induced by subsequent vaccination.</a>
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<li><strong>A cross-sectional study of low birth satisfaction among Iranian postpartum women during COVID-19 epidemics’ fifth wave</strong> -
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Background : Birth dissatisfaction may increase the risk for postpartum depression and requests for an elective cesarean for the next birth. The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic has had a considerable impact on the healthcare systems and their users in many aspects. We investigated predictors of birth satisfaction in a sample of Iranian postpartum women during the COVID-19 epidemics’ fifth wave.   Methods : This cross-sectional study was conducted on 601 postpartum women admitted to postpartum wards of Mobini maternity hospital using a convenience sampling method between 2 Aug and 18 September 2021. We collected data on socio-demographic, obstetric, labor and birth, and psychological variables. We used the general linear model and multiple linear regression analyses to determine predictors of birth satisfaction.   Results : The mean birth satisfaction score was 28.6±7.3. The percentages of mothers who gave birth by elective and emergency cesarean were 19.5% and 10.8%, respectively. Overall predictors of birth satisfaction were emergency cesarean [-7.463(-9.310, -5.616), instrumental birth [-3.571(-6.907, -0.235)], episiotomy [-2.227 ( -3.591, -0.862)], Entonox analgesia [-1.548(-2.726, -0.371)], Well-being score &lt; 50 [-1.812(-3.146, -0.478)], fear of COVID -19 [-1.216(-2.288,, -0.144)], low satisfaction with pregnancy -2.539(-3.952, -1.127) and low satisfaction with spouse’s support [-2.419(-4.598, -0.240)].     Conclusions : During the pandemic, fear of COVID -19, low level of well-being, low satisfaction with pregnancy and low satisfaction with spouse’s support as well as women9s experience of emergency cesarean, instrumental birth, episiotomy, and Entonox analgesia, are exerting negative influences on birth satisfaction. To improve birth satisfaction and thus maternal mental health interventions to lower fear of contracting COVID -19 and reduce rates of episiotomy, emergency cesarean, and instrumental birth are recommended.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.08.22279714v1" target="_blank">A cross-sectional study of low birth satisfaction among Iranian postpartum women during COVID-19 epidemics’ fifth wave</a>
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<li><strong>Effectiveness of inactivated and Ad5-nCoV COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA. 2 variant infection, severe illness, and death</strong> -
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Background Limited data are available on effectiveness of inactivated and Ad5-nCoV COVID-19 vaccines in real-world use - especially against Omicron variants in SARS-CoV-2 infection-naive population. During an outbreak in Shanghai9 s SARS-CoV-2 infection-naive population, we evaluated vaccine effectiveness (VE) against Omicron infection, severe or critical COVID-19, and COVID-19-related death. Methods A matched case-control study was conducted among people aged ≥3 years between 2 December 2021 through 13 May 2022. Cases were SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals, individuals with severe/critical COVID-19, or COVID-19-related deaths. Controls were selected from consecutively test negative individuals at the same time as cases were diagnosed and were exact-matched on year-of-age, gender, birthplace, illness onset date, and residency district in ratios of 1:1 with infected individuals and 4:1 with severe/critical COVID-19 and COVID-19-related deaths. Results Our study included 612597 documented SARS-CoV-2 infections, among which 1485 progressed to severe or critical illness and 568 died. Inactivated vaccine was 16.3% (95% CI: 15.4%-17.2%) effective against infection, 88.6% (95% CI: 85.8%-90.9%) effective against severe/critical COVIID-19 and 91.7% (95% CI: 86.9%-94.7%) against COVID-19 death. Ad5-vectored vaccine was 13.2% (95% CI: 10.9%-15.5%) effective against infection and 77.9% (95% CI: 15.6%-94.2%) effective against severe/critical COVIID-19. Booster vaccination with inactivated vaccines enhanced protection against severe COVID-19 (92.7%, 95% CI: 90.1%-94.6%) and COVID-19 death (95.9%, 95% CI: 91.4%-98.1%). Inactivated VE against infection began to wane 12 weeks after the last dose but two- and three-dose sustained high protection levels (&gt;80%) against severe/critical illness and death. Conclusions Our real-world study found high and durable two- and three-dose inactivated VE against Omicron-associated severe/critical illness and death across all age groups, but lower effectiveness against Omicron infection. High direct protection from severe/fatal Omicron COVID-19 provided by inactivated vaccines, and a consequent potential reduction in health-care utilization, reinforces the critical importance of full-series vaccination and timely booster dose administration for all eligible individuals.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.04.22279587v1" target="_blank">Effectiveness of inactivated and Ad5-nCoV COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA. 2 variant infection, severe illness, and death</a>
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<li><strong>Serial cross-sectional estimation of vaccine and infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 sero-prevalence in children and adults, British Columbia, Canada: March 2020 to August 2022</strong> -
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Background: We chronicle SARS-CoV-2 sero-prevalence through eight cross-sectional sero-surveys (snapshots) in the Lower Mainland (Greater Vancouver and Fraser Valley), British Columbia, Canada from March 2020 to August 2022. Methods: Anonymized-residual sera were obtained from children and adults attending an outpatient laboratory network. Sera were tested with at least three immuno-assays per snapshot to detect spike (S1) and/or nucleocapsid protein (NP) antibodies. Sero-prevalence was defined by dual-assay positivity, including any or infection-induced, the latter requiring S1+NP antibody detection from January 2021 owing to vaccine availability. Infection-induced estimates were used to assess the extent to which surveillance case reports under-estimated infections. Results: Sero-prevalence was ≤1% by the 3rd snapshot in September 2020 and &lt;5% by January 2021 (4th). Following vaccine roll-out, sero-prevalence increased to &gt;55% by May/June 2021 (5th), ~80% by September/October 2021 (6th), and &gt;95% by March 2022 (7th). In all age groups, infection-induced sero-prevalence remained &lt;15% through September/October 2021, increasing through subsequent Omicron waves to ~40% by March 2022 (7th) and ~60% by July/August 2022 (8th). By August 2022, at least 70-80% of children ≤19 years, 60-70% of adults 20-59 years, but ~40% of adults ≥60 years had been infected. Surveillance case reports under-estimated infections by 12-fold between the 6th-7th and 92-fold between the 7th-8th snapshots. Interpretation: By August 2022, most children and adults had acquired SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and infection exposures, resulting in more robust hybrid immunity. Conversely the elderly, still at greatest risk of severe outcomes, remain largely-dependent on vaccine-induced protection alone, and should be prioritized for additional doses.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.09.22279751v1" target="_blank">Serial cross-sectional estimation of vaccine and infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 sero-prevalence in children and adults, British Columbia, Canada: March 2020 to August 2022</a>
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<li><strong>Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) study on COVID-19 among the general population of Nepal.</strong> -
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The COVID-19 pandemic has become one of the global health challenges in the current context. In Nepal, the first confirmed case was reported on 23 January 2020, and since then it has resulted in several negative impacts including economic disruption and deterioration of physical and mental health. In such a pandemic, it is indispensable to understand the knowledge and behavioral patterns of the general population regarding COVID-19. Therefore, our study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice on COVID-19, among the general population and its relationship with socio-demographic conditions. The questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data from eight districts of Nepal which included Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, Lalitpur, Morang, Sunsari, Rupandehi, Chitwan, and Kaski. Descriptive statistics, parametric and non-parametric statistical tests, and a logistic regression model were used for analysis. The study showed that 93.3% of respondents had knowledge of overall preventive practice whereas only 32% had knowledge of overall symptoms of COVID-19. Regarding attitude, only 14.3% believed that they will get rid of COVID-19 soon. The preventive practice was reduced after lockdown compared to that during lockdown. The respondents with white-collar occupations, high-income, and unmarried were good at KAP. Similarly, highly educated and those residing in urban areas had good knowledge and practice. The study findings will help in the development of targeted programs to improve the knowledge, attitude, practice of the general population on COVID-19, which is of paramount importance to deal with the existing pandemic and also such possible future waves of the pandemic.
</p>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.07.22279527v1" target="_blank">Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) study on COVID-19 among the general population of Nepal.</a>
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<li><strong>Modeling vaccine allocation and equity implications of COVID-19 containment strategies</strong> -
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Given the shortage of global COVID-19 vaccines, a critical public concern is whether the strategy of allocation exerts a heterogeneous effect on settings that have imbalanced accessibility. Exacerbated by the mutational characteristics of the pathogen, traits of immunity protection of vaccines, and diversification of human behaviors, the pathway to the full eradication of the COVID-19 pandemic is becoming increasingly complicated and indeterminate. Population-wide evaluation of public interventions remains crucial to evaluate the performance of epidemiology policies. This study employs a mathematical compartmental model combined with the observational data of the United States to examine the potential effect of vaccine allocation on the trajectory of COVID-19 transmission and the elicited equity implications. The outcomes imply that allocation strategies substantially impact the cumulative equilibrium size of a pandemic controlling for confounding factors. Under a framework of a two-dose primary vaccination strategy aiming to curb the total infections for high-accessibility settings (HAS) and low-accessibility settings(LAS), the traits of vaccination, pathogen, and human effort integrally affect the equilibrium of the COVID-19 pandemic in the medium perspective (i.e., up to 5 years). Vaccine allocation increases the healthcare and cost burden for HAS temporarily, in contrast, it reduces the risk of COVID-19 transmission for the LAS. The effects are consistent across a variety of profiles. By enhancing the administration rates of primary doses (i.e., mainly through dose 1 and dose 2), the magnitude of the COVID-19 pandemic decreases contingent on confounding factors. To minimize the magnitude of infection, it is of importance to dynamically monitor the immunity protection of vaccines, the dynamics of virus transmission, and the gap in the human effort.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.05.22279623v1" target="_blank">Modeling vaccine allocation and equity implications of COVID-19 containment strategies</a>
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<li><strong>Estimating the performance of mass testing strategies for COVID-19: a case study for Costa Rica</strong> -
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Devising effective mass testing strategies to control and suppress COVID-19 pandemic waves make up a complex sociotechnical challenge. It requires a trade-off between performing detection technologies in terms of specificity and sensitivity, and the availability and cost of individual tests per technology. Overcoming this trade-off requires first predicting the level of risk of exposure across the population available. Then selecting testing strategies that match resources to maximize positive case detection and optimize the number of tests and their total cost during sustained mass testing campaigns. In this article, we derive the behavior of four different mass testing strategies, grounded in guidelines and public health policies issued by the Costa Rican public healthcare system. We assume a (privacy-preserving) pre-classifier applied to patient data, Capable of partitioning suspected individuals into low-risk and high-risk groups. We consider the impact of three testing technologies, RT-qPCR, antigen-based testing and saliva-based testing (RT-LAMP). When available, we introduced a category of essential workers. Numerical simulation results confirm that strategies using only RT-qPCR tests cannot achieve sufficient stock capacity to provide efficient detection regardless of prevalence, sensitivity, or specificity. Strategies that harness the power of both pooling and RT-LAMP either maximize stock capacity or detection, efficiency, or both. Our work reveals that investing both in data quality and classification accuracy can improve the odds of achieving pandemic control and mitigation. Future work will concentrate, based on our findings, on constructing representative synthetic data through agent-based modeling and studying the properties of specific pre-classifiers under various scenarios.
</p>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.05.22279618v1" target="_blank">Estimating the performance of mass testing strategies for COVID-19: a case study for Costa Rica</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Booster Study of COVID-19 Protein Subunit Recombinant Vaccine</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: SARS-CoV-2 subunit protein recombinant vaccine;   Biological: Active Comparator<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   PT Bio Farma;   Universitas Padjadjaran;   Udayana University<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evaluate the Immunogenicity and Safety of a Recombinant Protein COVID-19 Vaccine SCTV01E-1 in Population Aged Above 18 Years</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   SARS-CoV-2 Infection<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: SCTV01E-1 on D0;   Biological: SCTV01E-1 on D28;   Biological: SCTV01E-1 on D150;   Biological: SCTV01E on D0;   Biological: SCTV01E on D28;   Biological: SCTV01E on D150;   Biological: SCTV01E-1 on D120;   Biological: SCTV01E on D120<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sinocelltech Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Novel Parameter LIT/N That Predicts Survival in COVID-19 ICU Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pneumonia<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Diagnostic Test: the LIT test<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Gazi University;   Oxford MediStress<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy and Safety of ES16001 in Patients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: ES16001 40 mg;   Drug: ES16001 80 mg;   Drug: ES16001 160 mg;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Genencell Co. Ltd.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SCALE-UP Utah II: Community-Academic Partnership to Address COVID-19 Text Message Study</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: Text-Messaging (TM);   Behavioral: Patient Navigation (PN)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of Utah;   Utah Department of Health;   Association for Utah Community Health;   National Institutes of Health (NIH);   National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD)<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SCALE-UP Utah II: Community-Academic Partnership to Address COVID-19 Conversational Agent Study</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: Text-Messaging (TM);   Behavioral: Conversational Agent (CA);   Behavioral: Patient Navigation (PN)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of Utah;   Utah Department of Health;   Association for Utah Community Health;   National Institutes of Health (NIH);   National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD)<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Multidisciplinary Day-hospital Versus Waiting List Management of Post-COVID-19 Persistent Symptoms (ECHAP-COVID)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Post COVID-19 Condition<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: Personalized multidisciplinary day-hospital intervention<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Paxlovid for COVID-19: a Real-world Case-control Study</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pneumonia<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: standard-of-care plus Paxlovid;   Drug: standard-of-care<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Ruijin Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Booster Study of PTX-COVID19-B in Adults Aged 18 Years and Older</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   SARS-CoV-2 Infection<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: PTX-COVID19-B;   Biological: Comirnaty®<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Everest Medicines (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Booster Superiority Study of PTX-COVID19-B Compared to Vaxzevria® in Adults Aged 18 Years and Older</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   SARS-CoV-2 Infection<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: PTX-COVID19-B;   Biological: Vaxzevria®<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Everest Medicines (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>CArdiac REhabilitation for Building Exertional heArt Rate for Chronotropic Incompetence in Long COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Long COVID;   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: Cardiac Rehabilitation<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University of California, San Francisco<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Impact of a Web-based Psychoeducation Programme With a Motivational AI Chatbot on Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Vaccine Hesitancy;   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: AI-driven Vaccine Communicator;   Behavioral: Self-learning of COVID-19 vaccine knowledge<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   The Hong Kong Polytechnic University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Motivation, Syringe Exchange, and COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pandemic<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: Connect2Test<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of Oregon;   National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Rehabilitation Therapy for Post COVID 19 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Post-COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: intensive combined rehabilitation therapy<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Cairo University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>HRQOL of Life After ECMO Due to COVID-19.</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   ARDS;   COVID-19 Pneumonia;   Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: Phone Interview<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Medical University of Vienna<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Highly efficient antifogging/antimicrobial dual-functional chitosan based coating for optical devices</strong> - The coating is frequently adopted to modify the product surface without influencing the essential features of the pristine products. Recently, significant demand has existed for efficient anti-fogging/anti-microbial surfaces in various applications to inhibit microbial growth with high transparency in high-humidity environments, especially in pandemics such as COVID-19. The current study used dual-functional chitosan (Ch) polysaccharide coating with highly hydrophilic properties to be…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2-encoded Inhibitors of Human LINE-1 Retrotransposition</strong> - The ongoing pandemic of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing a devastating impact on public health worldwide. However, details concerning the profound impact of SARS-CoV-2 on host cells remain elusive. Here, we investigated the effects of SARS-CoV-2-encoded viral proteins on the intracellular activity of long interspersed element 1 (L1) retrotransposons using well-established reporter systems. Several non-structural or accessory proteins (Nsps) of SARS-CoV-2 (i.e.,…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Identification of hACE2-interacting sites in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor Binding Domain for Antiviral Drugs Screening</strong> - The key structure of the interface between the spike protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) acts as an essential switch for cell entry by the virus and drugs targets. However, this is largely unknown. Here, we tested three peptides of spike receptor binding domain (RBD) and found that peptide 391-465 aa is the major hACE2-interacting sites in SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD. We then identified essential amino acid residues…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Correlation of alpha-1 antitrypsin levels and exosome associated neutrophil elastase endothelial injury in subjects with SARS-CoV2 infection</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: Our results point out the role of exosome-associated NE in exacerbation of endothelial injury in SARS-CoV-2 infection. We have demonstrated that exosome-associated NE could be served as a new potential therapeutic target of severe systemic manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Deciphering the binding mechanism of inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease through multiple replica accelerated molecular dynamics simulations and free energy landscapes</strong> - The pneumonia outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus poses a serious threat to human health and the world economy. The development of safe and highly effective antiviral drugs is of great significance for the treatment of COVID-19. The main protease (M^(pro)) of SARS-CoV-2 is a key enzyme for viral replication and transcription and has no homolog in humans. Therefore, the M^(pro) is an ideal target for the design of drugs against COVID-19. Insights into the inhibitor-M^(pro) binding mechanism…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Impact of Stress and Decision Fatigue on Parenting Practices Related to Food and Physical Activity During COVID-19</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: In the face of a major public health crisis, adaptive parental responses may emerge, but perceived stress may inhibit such behavior change. Perceived stress and decision fatigue may represent important explanatory factors in parental health promoting behaviors during times of uncertainty and change.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>BDA-410 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 main protease activity and viral replication in mammalian cells</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein disrupts barrier function in an <em>in vitro</em> human blood-brain barrier model</strong> - Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been frequently reported to exhibit neurological manifestations and disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Among the risk factors for BBB breakdown, the loss of endothelial cells and pericytes has caused widespread concern. Recent studies have revealed that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 envelope (S2E) protein caused cell death. We tested the hypothesis that the S2E protein alone could induce BBB dysfunction. The S2E…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Differential effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on stress granule formation in Vero and Calu-3 cells</strong> - Stress granule formation is induced by numerous environmental stressors, including sodium arsenite treatment and viral infection. Accordingly, stress granules can inhibit viral propagation and function as part of the antiviral host response to numerous viral infections. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antagonizes stress granule formation, in part, via interaction between SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein and Ras-GTPase-activating SH3-domain-binding protein 1…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Dexamethasone, but Not Vitamin D or A, Dampens the Inflammatory Neutrophil Response to Protect At-risk COVID-19 Patients</strong> - Dexamethasone (DEX) was the first drug shown to save lives of critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients suffering from respiratory distress. A hyperactivated state of neutrophils was found in COVID-19 patients compared to non-COVID pneumonia cases. Given the beneficial effects of DEX in COVID-19 patients, we investigated the effects of DEX and of other immunomodulatory drugs vitamin D3 (VD3) and retinoic acid (RA) on neutrophil function. DEX, but not VD3 or RA, significantly…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Blockade of TMPRSS2-mediated priming of SARS-CoV-2 by lactoferricin</strong> - In addition to vaccines, there is an urgent need for supplemental antiviral therapeutics to dampen the persistent COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), that is responsible for proteolytic priming of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, appears as a rational therapeutic target. Accordingly, selective inhibitors of TMPRSS2 represent potential tools for prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Previously,…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>New Chemicals Suppressing SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Cell Culture</strong> - Candidates to being inhibitors of the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 were selected from the database of Voronezh State University using molecular modeling. The database contained approximately 19,000 compounds represented by more than 41,000 ligand conformers. These ligands were docked into Mpro using the SOL docking program. For one thousand ligands with best values of the SOL score, the protein-ligand binding enthalpy was calculated by the PM7 quantum-chemical method with the COSMO solvent…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Dual Inhibition of HIV-1 and Cathepsin L Proteases by <em>Sarcandra glabra</em></strong> - The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impose a huge threat on human health due to rapid viral mutations. Thus, it is imperative to develop more potent antivirals with both prophylactic and treatment functions. In this study, we screened for potential antiviral compounds from Sarcandra glabra (SG) against Cathepsin L and HIV-1 proteases. A FRET assay was applied to investigate the inhibitory effects and UPLC-HRMS was employed to identify and quantify the bioactive components. Furthermore, molecular…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Degradative Effect of Nattokinase on Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2</strong> - The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged as a pandemic and has inflicted enormous damage on the lives of the people and economy of many countries worldwide. However, therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2 remain unclear. SARS-CoV-2 has a spike protein (S protein), and cleavage of the S protein is essential for viral entry. Nattokinase is produced by Bacillus subtilis var. natto and is beneficial to human health….</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Impact of Clarified Apple Juices with Different Processing Methods on Gut Microbiota and Metabolomics of Rats</strong> - The consumption of processed foods has increased compared to that of fresh foods in recent years, especially due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Here, we evaluated the health effects of clarified apple juices (CAJs, devoid of pectin and additives) processed to different degrees, including not-from-concentrate (NFC) and from-concentrate (FC) CAJs. A 56-day experiment including a juice-switch after 28 days was designed. An integrated analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Rise and Fall of Vibes-Based Literacy</strong> - Is a controversial curriculum, entrenched in New York City’s public schools for two decades, finally coming undone? - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-education/the-rise-and-fall-of-vibes-based-literacy">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mikhail Gorbachev, the Fundamentally Soviet Man</strong> - The last leader of the U.S.S.R. attempted to modernize and reform his country, even as he failed to imagine it as anything but an empire. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/postscript/mikhail-gorbachev-the-fundamentally-soviet-man">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Biden’s Student-Debt Plan Could Chip Away at the Racial Wealth Gap</strong> - Loan forgiveness and other measures don’t solve the problem of rising tuition costs, but they could help some Black families start to catch up. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/bidens-student-debt-plan-could-chip-away-at-the-racial-wealth-gap">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Fantasy Behind Queen Elizabeth II’s Reign</strong> - The monarchy presents itself as a “mysterious and magical inheritor of an endless past.” Would Britain be better off without it? - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/the-fantasy-behind-queen-elizabeths-reign">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How Trump Supporters Came to Hate the Police</strong> - At the Capitol riot and elsewhere, MAGA Republicans have leaped from “backing the blue” to attacking law-enforcement officials. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/how-trump-supporters-came-to-hate-the-police">link</a></p></li>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>The beginner’s guide to running</strong> -
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<img alt="A cartoon of a person in shorts and a t-shirt running with a dog past trees and bushes." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/nWCaHj4ljbTdV7ZYMtRNzSs5jSc=/119x0:2004x1414/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71351723/GettyImages_1343101192.0.jpg"/>
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Denis Novikov/Getty Images
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Getting into running — even as a complete beginner — is easier than you think.
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Just about 18 years ago, I embarked on what would become the longest relationship of my life — with running. The early days of our love affair were far from blissful, though. An angsty pre-teen who enrolled in my town’s youth track and field program, I was initially unaware of what a running routine might look like in practice. (Consistency would be the key word.) Despite many threats to quit, over time I noticed improvements to my endurance, speed, and overall mood. Nearly two decades later, I’m the stereotypical freak who <a href="https://knowyourmeme.com/photos/1314119-imagine-meeting-your-soulmate">runs a 5K on holidays</a> and encourages friends to consider an easy jog a few times a week.
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The beauty of the sport is its relatively low barrier to entry. From 12-year-old suburban kids trying a new activity to retirees looking for a change of pace, vast populations of people have the ability to lace up a pair of shoes and move their body — and reap the benefits. (Of course, those with <a href="https://www.everydayhealth.com/fitness/running/">specific health conditions</a> and disabilities may not be able to partake.) Just a few minutes of running a day <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4131752/">substantially reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease</a>, and <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7663387/">improves mental health</a>, <a href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/12/211206113037.htm#:~:text=Researchers%20found%20that%20as%20little,function%20and%20mood%20also%20increased.">mood</a>, and <a href="https://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(12)00111-5/fulltext">sleep quality</a>. “I think that’s a great thing about running: It doesn’t have a prerequisite,” says Jasmine Nesi, co-founder of <a href="https://rungrl.co/">RUNGRL</a>, a community for Black women distance runners.
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Before you hit the streets, the trails, the track, or the treadmill, there are a few things you should keep in mind to ensure you’re staying safe and prepared, mentally and physically.
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<h3 id="dX9J7g">
Before you start
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Prior to your first run, <strong>take stock of where you are health-wise</strong>. Jill Angie, a running coach, the founder of <a href="https://notyouraveragerunner.com/">Not Your Average Runner</a>, and the host of the <a href="https://notyouraveragerunner.com/podcast/">podcast</a> of the same name, suggests her coaching clients build a base of comfortably walking for two to three miles before any running is introduced. If you experience any pain in your knees, hips, shins, or feet while walking, running will likely exacerbate the issues, Angie says, so first get checked out by a physical therapist or sports medicine specialist.
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Getting clearance from your primary care doctor to run is a good idea in theory, Angie says, but can sometimes backfire for fat people. “With the women that I work with — usually fat women over 40 — it’s very common that the doctor will say, ‘Well, you need to lose weight before you start running,’” she says. “That’s actually not a thing. You can run. I’ve been a fat runner for 25 years. I’m doing great.”
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Start with a sports doctor first if you’re experiencing any pain while walking, but if not, you should be good to start adding some running into the mix.
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<h3 id="lW4DFe">
What you’ll need
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yBz8yV">
Running is relatively low maintenance in terms of gear. Sure, there are tons of pricey accessories runners can splurge on, but beginners can (and probably should) do without the bells and whistles. One piece of equipment deserving of time and attention, though, is <strong>your shoes</strong>. “It’s always appealing to go with the sexy Nike shoes,” Nesi says. “But sometimes it’s not the right shoe for you.”
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While this seems like extra credit, experts are unanimous in their advice to visit a specialty running store to have your <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/fitness/running-gait#what-it-is">gait</a> — how your legs move while running — evaluated and to try shoes recommended based on your body and support needs. For instance, if you <a href="https://www.verywellfit.com/pronation-definition-3436329">overpronate</a> — your ankle rolls down and inward when you take a step — specialists at the store will be able to identify that while watching you walk and recommend a shoe with <a href="https://www.runnersworld.com/gear/a20865766/best-stability-running-shoes/">more stability and support</a>.
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A good pair of shoes can be the difference between a successful start to the sport and suffering with shin splints. Most stores will allow you to run in each pair of shoes for a few minutes either on a treadmill in the store or on the street or in the parking lot before you purchase them, and many have a generous return policy if you decide they’re not for you. So take your time, choose the shoe based on how it feels and not how it looks or the size (sizing differs from brand to brand and some might run smaller than others). If you don’t live near a running store, Angie suggests scheduling a <a href="https://www.fleetfeet.com/virtual-shoe-fitting">virtual fitting</a> so professionals can walk through the process with you and make footwear recommendations.
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<a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/CZ1QLMpDXxK/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">A post shared by Altrincham Runner (<span class="citation" data-cites="altrincham_runner">@altrincham_runner</span>)</a>
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Another non-negotiable for runners with breasts is a <strong>sports bra</strong>. It’s important to support breasts while exercising since the ligaments connecting the breast tissue to the chest <a href="https://www.womenshealthmag.com/uk/gym-wear/a38654996/why-sports-bra-important/">stretch over time</a>. <a href="https://www.uow.edu.au/media/2020/how-better-designed-sports-bras-can-help-women-to-exercise-comfortably.php">Breasts have little support</a> on their own and can move around during exercise, which can be extremely uncomfortable. “If you’re an A or a B cup you can probably get away with the ones that don’t have hooks,” Angie says. “If you’re a C or a D cup or higher, you need a high-impact, motion control-rated bra.”
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As far as attire goes, try to avoid cotton when you can, Nesi says, since it’ll soak up sweat as you run and weigh you down. Otherwise, don’t break the bank on workout attire or high-end watches. You likely have everything you need already, including a phone where you can download free apps like <a href="https://www.strava.com/">Strava</a>, <a href="https://www.mapmyrun.com/us/">MapMyRun</a>, and <a href="https://runkeeper.com/cms/">Runkeeper</a> to track your time and mileage.
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<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="A cartoon runner breaking through the finish line tape of a race." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/HsfCKh9hE3ZXS3y_yg32Ctky_oI=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24007993/GettyImages_1337207910.jpg"/> <cite>Denis Novikov/Getty Images</cite>
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<h3 id="z2agGI">
Set some goals
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Aiming for certain achievements or milestones can help you stay motivated by giving you something to work toward. Before you rush out and register for a 5K, Emily Bennewies, a running coach for <a href="http://www.wellnessinmotionboston.com/wim-run-coaching">Wellness in Motion</a>, says goals can range from running a certain distance to jogging for a specific amount of time without taking a break.
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Liz Coda, another Wellness in Motion running coach (full disclosure: Coda is a friend of my boyfriend), says it can be helpful to <strong>set both “process goals” and “outcome goals.”</strong> Outcome goals are big picture: “I’d like to complete a Kk” or “I want to run a mile in 10 minutes.” Process goals focus on the experience of running. What are you trying to get out of your runs? This can be as simple as “I’m really stressed out from work and I need something that I can blow off steam” or “I find on the days that I go for a run I sleep better at night.” “Focusing on really tiny short-term goals where you actually do feel the effects,” Coda says, “is what’s going to allow you to stay in it long enough that you will achieve the longer-term goal.”
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<h3 id="40WUov">
Getting going
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BTPypy">
A common misconception among new runners is the notion that in order to successfully run, you must hoof it as fast as you can for as long as you can, Angie says. Not so fast — literally. Coaches are huge proponents of a <strong>run-walk plan to start</strong> where you jog comfortably (not a sprint!) for 30 seconds, then walk for a minute, then repeat for 20 minutes or so. You can play with the duration of the running and walking segments based on how you feel. Maybe you can run for three minutes and walk for one and then bump up to five minutes of running. “Running a mile if you’ve never run a mile before in your life is not an easy thing to do,” Coda says. “And it’s not something that we just expect you to all of a sudden be able to do.”
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Instead of focusing on distance and speed, <strong>start by being intentional about how many days you’d like to run</strong>, Bennewies says, and homing in on how you feel. Running based on effort instead of time can help you determine what feels manageable for your body. Then, once you feel strong after a few weeks of, say, three run-walks a week, you can start to slightly increase the distance of those runs. After that, you can consider upping your pace if getting faster is one of your goals. “It’s more about focusing on one thing at a time so you don’t hurt yourself or overwhelm yourself,” Bennewies says.
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<h3 id="SNk8nT">
When you want to quit
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="81YUTY">
Even the most experienced athletes struggle with dips in motivation and progress. To help get through those mornings when you’d rather be sleeping than working out, Angie recommends paying attention to how you feel when you’re done running. Let the sense of accomplishment fuel you.
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Acknowledging the physically demanding aspects of running is natural — running requires effort, after all! But when “This is hard” morphs into defeating self-talk, it’s time to reframe your inner monologue. <strong>Be your own hype person</strong>, Angie says, and focus on how far you’ve come and how amazing your body is for doing this. Coda and Bennewies like repeating a mantra during a workout or a race to stay mentally grounded: “I belong” or “I know this is going to be hard but I can do this. I’ve done it before and I’ll do it again.” (One of my mantras is “Make it count.”)
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There will be days when you miss a run or don’t hit a goal, which can be a blow to your confidence. Life happens: Days are busy, the weather can be less than hospitable, or you might not be in the mood. That’s fine. <strong>Remember, rest days are essential, as is not getting down on yourself if progress comes more slowly than you hoped</strong>. Deviation from a plan or preconceived notion of what a runner “should” be is not admitting defeat. “The whole point is to try something new and get better,” Nesi says.
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You may feel compelled to compare yourself to other runners, curious how your times, distances, and body stack up to others (or even yourself from 10 years ago). The false narratives created when equating yourself to other athletes — I’m not fast enough, I don’t have a “runner’s body” — can lead you to think you’re not worthy of considering yourself a runner. Nip these unhelpful thoughts in the bud and remember you’re running for <em>you</em> and not for anyone else. “If you run, you are a runner,” Coda says. “And if you are a runner who has a body, that is a runner’s body.”
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Similarly, runners of all levels, especially women, may experience external concerns in the form of harassment. When someone makes an inappropriate comment about your body or appearance, “it’s very easy to make it mean something about yourself,” Angie says. “I shouldn’t be out here, I look terrible in my running clothes, I’m so slow.” Easier in concept than in practice, remember that you can’t control others’ opinions or actions, only your own reaction. “I don’t let any of that kind of stuff interfere with my running,” Angie says.
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If you choose to run outside, there are a few things to consider to <strong>stay physically safe</strong>. Experts advise remaining aware of your surroundings, avoiding running in the dark, texting a friend telling them you’re going for a run before you depart, having your phone on you, avoiding wearing headphones if running alone on trails, switching up your running routes so potential bad actors won’t know where you’ll be each day, and running with a group or in a highly visible and trafficked area. If you use a run tracker like Strava, make sure to update your privacy settings so you’re not broadcasting your route home.
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<h3 id="CTwmV3">
Hacks to help make a habit
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<strong>Having a support system</strong> can make a solitary sport more communal. Local running stores often host group runs; if they don’t, you can ask the associate who helped fit you for shoes if they know of any groups. Many running groups have a social media presence, so do a little sleuthing on Instagram or Facebook by searching for “running clubs” and your city or town.
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Adding a social component to your runs helps you meet others in your community and provides validation and solidarity when your motivation is lagging: people to complain with, people to rejoice with, people to get a pizza with after a tough workout. “Maybe you’re not super excited about going out and running three or four miles,” Coda says, “but you’re excited about the people that you’ve been becoming friends with.”
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When you’re first embarking on a running practice, it’s easy to feel like your goals are unreachable. Process goals give you periodic reminders to <strong>celebrate the progress you’ve made.</strong> Run a mile for the first time? Jogged for 15 minutes straight without walking? “Do something nice for yourself!” Nesi says. “Find those small wins because running is so temperamental. There could be a good day, then there’s a bad day right after it, then you’re back to a good day. So I think you’ve got to find the reasons to celebrate.”
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Sometimes even the biggest wins, the most supportive crews, or the best-fitting shoes don’t make running fun. That’s fine. If you’re actively dreading your runs and genuinely feel like the sport isn’t for you, it’s okay to move on. But, if you’re frustrated you aren’t reaching your goals as quickly as you’d like, Nesi and Angie suggest reconsidering. “Running rewards consistency,” Nesi says. “So if you want to become a better runner, know that it’s available for you with some patience, with some grace, with consistency, and hard work.”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zNZUGc">
<a href="http://www.vox.com/even-better"><em>Even Better</em></a><em> is here to offer deeply sourced, actionable advice for helping you live a better life. Do you have a question on money and work; friends, family, and community; or personal growth and health? Send us your question by filling out this </em><a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfiStGSlsWDBmglim7Dh1Y9Hy386rkeKGpfwF6BCjmgnZdqfQ/viewform"><em>form</em></a><em>. We might turn it into a story.</em>
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<ul>
<li><strong>The GOP is learning just how hard it is to legislate abortion</strong> -
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A file photo from Aug. 30, 2022 shows protesters holding signs inside the South Carolina Statehouse as lawmakers debate an abortion ban. | Sean Rayford/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images
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Ahead of the midterms, severe abortion restrictions are coming up against public opinion — and people’s real lives.
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<a href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/09/politics/south-carolina-senate-near-total-abortion-ban-bill-fails/index.html">South Carolina’s state senate</a> <a href="https://apnews.com/article/abortion-us-supreme-court-health-legislature-south-carolina-b3cc183420b2641650d1c8214891dd1d">on Thursday </a>refused to pass a bill that would outlaw abortion after fertilization, with some exceptions, despite a Republican majority in that body. In South Carolina, as in states like Michigan, Kansas, Idaho, and Indiana, the challenge of legislating such extreme bans is becoming increasingly apparent — and abortion is becoming a landmine issue for Republicans..
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Five Republican senators joined Democrats in opposing the bill in South Carolina’s Senate, with GOP Sen. Tom Davis threatening a filibuster should the measure as written come to a vote. Davis joined all three Republican women in the senate, as well as one male GOP colleague, in filibustering the House’s severe restrictions; <a href="https://www.scstatehouse.gov/votehistory.php?KEY=21744">Davis and one woman Republican senator, Penry Gustafson, voted in favor of the compromise measure</a>.
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South Carolina has already passed an onerous law banning abortion after six weeks, with exceptions up to 20 weeks in the case of rape or incest. The compromise legislation the senate did pass reduces that time period to 12 weeks and requires police to collect DNA from an aborted fetus.
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It is more restrictive than the so-called Fetal Heartbeat Bill the General Assembly passed last year, before the Supreme Court decided the <em>Dobbs vs. Jackson</em> case which overturned <em>Roe v. Wade, </em>but avoids the total ban, with no exceptions, that House Republicans initially attempted to pass. That ban is stayed while South Carolina’s Supreme Court hears a challenge to the law under the right to privacy, and the state’s pre-<em>Dobbs</em> 20-week ban is presently in effect, the Associated Press <a href="https://apnews.com/article/abortion-us-supreme-court-health-legislature-south-carolina-b3cc183420b2641650d1c8214891dd1d">reported Thursday</a>.
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Thursday’s defeat of the South Carolina bill, as well as a number of legal challenges to similarly restrictive measures in states like Idaho, North Dakota, and Indiana and ballot measures to protect abortion rights in Michigan and Kansas, speaks to the practical difficulties in passing and enforcing abortion bans.
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“We have a tendency to think of banning abortion as an on-off switch,” Rachel Rebouché, the dean of Temple University’s Beasley School of Law told Vox on Saturday. But in a post-<em>Dobbs</em> landscape, “the amount of legal complexity is going to amplify.” That is playing out, she said, as restrictions in states like <a href="https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-sues-idaho-protect-reproductive-rights">Idaho</a> and <a href="https://apnews.com/article/abortion-us-supreme-court-health-government-and-politics-bismarck-05b11d5430cffd6ebf0e1125d2c0da68">North Dakota</a> have faced court challenges, and in legislatures as the dangers of severely restricting abortion access become clear.
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<h3 id="7lzZkC">
South Carolina got a reality check on abortion restrictions
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South Carolina’s House of Representatives wrote the thwarted bill banning abortion after fertilization; although it passed there, and the 30-member Republican majority in the Senate had enough votes to pass it, they didn’t have a filibuster-proof majority. Senate Democrats exploited that vulnerability, and made a coalition with Davis, as well as Sens. Katrina Shealy, Sandy Senn, and Penry Gustafson — <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2022/09/08/south-carolina-republican-abortion-rape/">all women</a> — and one other Republican.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nEDeGn">
“Yes, I’m pro-life,” Shealy, <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2022/06/13/about-six-in-ten-americans-say-abortion-should-be-legal-in-all-or-most-cases-2/">who had previously voted for abortion restrictions</a>, said during Thursday’s special session. “I’m also pro-life for the mother, the life she has with her children who are already born. I care about the children who are forced into adulthood that was made up by a legislature full of men so they can take a victory lap and feel good about it.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5SQi0i">
Ultimately, Republicans had to go back to the negotiating table and came out with a six-week ban and more onerous restrictions on abortions after rape and incest. The original bill, which passed the House, had exceptions for rape and incest, as well as the life and health of the mother, Rep. Neal Collins (R) told Vox. “The Senate […] passed a bill that bans abortion after six weeks, with the same exceptions as well as [exceptions for] fetal anomalies, which is pretty much the same exact bill that we passed last year, we called it the Fetal Heartbeat Bill.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="r3V4oO">
Now, the bill will have to go back to the House, which can either concur with the Senate version of the bill, or not — in which case the General Assembly would have to form a committee of three Democrats and three Republicans from each chamber to try and come to a compromise that suits both chambers. That could happen as soon as next week.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="l9KzKb">
The new bill restricts the exceptions for rape and incest to twelve weeks, a significant departure from the Fetal Heartbeat Bill which allows exceptions up to 20 weeks. The new bill also requires two doctors to affirm that fetal anomalies are fatal, and mandates that DNA from an abortion due to rape and incest go to law enforcement. “I presume that’s for evidence-gathering in case they’re going after whoever is raping or committing incest,” Collins said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="i9XWPt">
The special session brought into stark relief what happens when the rhetoric of anti-choice politicians clashes with real life — real people’s problems, needs, and beliefs — after the Supreme Court demolished the legal guardrails of <em>Roe v. Wade </em>and <em>Planned Parenthood v. Casey, </em>Senate Minority Leader Brad Hutto (D) told Vox.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tD3je0">
“[Anti-choice legislators] could make whatever political points they wanted to, because they had a backstop,” he said. “They knew nothing they passed was ever going to go into effect. They could pass all they wanted to, and it didn’t matter — and it allowed them to let their rhetoric to just soar to the red meat of their party, because they could gin up the party knowing that nothing they said was ever going to be enacted into law. Then, all of a sudden […] it’s like the dog that caught the bus.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jukIkV">
South Carolina legislators are now understanding, as well, that a full abortion restriction is not popular with voters, Hutto said. National polling on the topic indicates as much; a <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2022/06/13/about-six-in-ten-americans-say-abortion-should-be-legal-in-all-or-most-cases-2/">Pew Research study</a> released just prior to the Supreme Court’s decision to overturn <em>Roe v. Wade </em>shows that 61 percent of Americans support abortion in all or some cases. Those numbers can be abstract when extrapolated to a legislative district. But legislators are now having to confront what those numbers mean in context; in <a href="https://www.facebook.com/MissionFirstPeopleAlways/posts/506276514641183">a Facebook post dated August 30</a>, Collins wrote that he polled his most conservative constituents regarding abortion access. Of the 43 surveys which were returned, “The results clearly show the vast majority of even very conservative people want exceptions to abortion,” he wrote.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XzmNJe">
“Even churchgoing, Southern Baptist, conservative ladies” by and large aren’t willing to impose their own beliefs about abortion onto others, Hutto said, challenging the monolithic concept of southern voters and indicating that abortion could be a major issue in the November midterms — even in a conservative state like South Carolina. “The governor’s race in South Carolina is now competitive,” Hutto said. <a href="https://www.postandcourier.com/columbia/mcmaster-prefers-no-abortions-in-sc-as-protesters-converge-on-statehouse/article_2bae9dae-f6f4-11ec-b530-831c649e4a38.html">Gov. Henry McMaster</a>, a Republican who ascended to the office when Nikki Haley left to join the Trump administration, indicated he would sign a total abortion ban if it came across his desk; with that statement on the record, and abortion becoming an increasingly contentious issue for voters, <a href="https://charlestoncitypaper.com/poll-shows-cunningham-mcmaster-close-in-governors-race/">Democrats have at least a chance at taking the governor’s mansion in November</a>. “Choice is on the ballot,” Hutto said.
</p>
<h3 id="2k34hY">
There are many levers of pressure against abortion restrictions
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7IniwY">
Among <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/08/25/politics/where-abortion-banned-states-court-legal-challenges/index.html">the several states with abortion bans on the books</a>, only some have actually been able to go into full effect in the wake of the <em>Dobbs</em> decision. Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Missouri, Idaho and Tennessee all have in place bans on nearly all abortions, with only some states offering exceptions in the case of serious health risks to the parent. Six-week bans have taken effect in Ohio, Kentucky, and Georgia have taken effect but are being challenged in court, as is Florida’s 15-week ban, the Idaho, Louisiana, and Kentucky laws, and a Wisconsin ban dating from 1849, <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/08/25/politics/where-abortion-banned-states-court-legal-challenges/index.html">according to CNN</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DiSdxq">
Lawsuits are a meaningful method of fighting these laws, or at least delaying them, even after <em>Dobbs</em>, Rebouché told Vox. “Overturning <em>Roe</em> has not kept abortion out of courts,” she said, adding that “it’s a matter of time” before the bans enacted face a challenge of some sort. That could look like state-level legislation protecting abortion, referenda to codify abortion rights in state constitutions, and pressure from international human rights bodies and corporations, though neither of those bodies have any legislative or enforcement power.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OiyXYV">
“Some of our states are really outliers in the international order on abortion,” Rebouché said. “International rights bodies have taken countries to task over these kinds of things,” and “stigma and shame” can be very powerful motivators.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Y7zrj3">
But securing the right to abortion right now depends on the interplay between voter participation and the courts, a dynamic that played out recently in Michigan. Voters will have a referendum on their midterm ballots in November, after the state’s Supreme Court knocked down a state election board’s decision to omit the measure from the ballot over typographical errors on petitions calling for the referendum, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/08/us/michigan-supreme-court-abortion.html">as the New York Times reported Thursday</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2zQzMW">
In August, Kansas voters soundly defeated the legislature’s attempt to inject language into the state’s constitution which would have explicitly stated that it does not grant the right to an abortion, <a href="https://apnews.com/article/2022-primary-elections-kansas-abortion-b6d62a852c2ce4617f2c03589fbb523e">as the Associated Press</a> reported at the time. The Kansas Supreme Court in 2019 had affirmed the right to an abortion under the state’s Bill of Rights; the August referendum upheld that judgement.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Ciqnm4">
“Kansas was a shock to everyone’s systems,” David Cohen, a professor at Drexel University’s Thomas Kline School of Law and Rebouché’s co-author on a paper about the post-<em>Dobbs </em>legal landscape called “<a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4032931">The New Abortion Battleground</a>,” told Vox. “I don’t think anyone saw what happened coming.” Michigan, though, “is going to give us a big look at the future,” in terms of how states might navigate around abortion bans and legally enshrine the right to abortion. California and Vermont have such referenda on their ballots this coming November, but the outcome in those situations is likely more predictable than in Kansas, Michigan, or Kentucky, which <a href="https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/politics/elections/2022/09/10/opponents-condemn-kentucky-constitutional-amendment-on-abortion/66826233007/">has a ballot initiative to eliminate Kentuckians’ right to abortion under the state constitution.</a>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="19q8qk">
In the long term, the Supreme Court’s makeup will have to change before there’s any real challenge to <em>Dobbs</em>, Cohen said. “As soon as that happens, [progressives] will be the ones asking the court to overturn precedent,” which could take the form of arguments on the grounds of religious freedom, the vagueness of anti-abortion legislation, equal protection claims, and right to travel claims, Cohen said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vbKFW6">
In the meantime, should support for abortion rights rally voters in November, as Democrats are hoping it will, the calculus of what’s possible at the federal level could change, too, Cohen said. While a number of Republican senators have tried to propose nationwide restrictions on the right to abortion, others, like Sen. Roger Marshall (R-KS) have discerned that the momentum and appetite for such measures isn’t there. “I just don’t see the momentum at the federal level,” <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/09/09/republican-abortion-bans/">he told the Washington Post July 25</a> — before the anti-abortion measure in his own state failed.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Cz7gdA">
As legislators are forced to confront how unpopular abortion bans actually are and how difficult they are to enforce, there’s potentially more room for pushback in the form of legal protections. The <a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/4132">Women’s Health Protection Act</a>, which failed in the Senate in May and which <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/05/11/statement-from-president-biden-on-the-senate-vote-on-the-womens-health-protection-act/">President Joe Biden has promised to sign should it pass</a>, could have a chance if Democrats hold on to the House and pick up enough Senate seats. “Would I ever put money on that? No,” Cohen said. “But there’s a chance.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="A7J0Rs">
</p></li>
<li><strong>Queen Elizabeth II and the long 20th century</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Queen Elizabeth II in profile, wearing a red and black hat." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ky5rOKaZj3pgww-AK6lY_RlqVqI=/186x0:2789x1952/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71348074/GettyImages_52420091.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Queen Elizabeth II at the welcome ceremony for the president of the Italian Republic in London, on March 15, 2005. | Tim Graham Photo Library via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Why the queen was history’s greatest spectator.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YSUoAY">
On Thursday afternoon, at Balmoral Castle in Scotland, Queen Elizabeth II <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2022/9/8/22846451/queen-elizabeth-ii-death-96-obituary-reign-monarchy">died</a> at 96. She occupied the British throne for 70 years, making her the UK’s longest-reigning monarch.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eIn44z">
“Occupied” is perhaps the key word here. While the queen’s official powers were greater than many might think in a constitutional monarchy — <a href="https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/explainers/appointment-prime-ministers">according to the letter of the English law</a>, the monarch can choose to appoint or dismiss the prime minister, for instance — in practice they were never exercised to their fullest extent, nor would they have ever been.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IZ9HEP">
The queen’s position, if not the continued existence of the British monarchy, was dependent on remaining outside the actual political sphere. The British government of the day ruled in her name from Westminster, but it is <a href="https://www.newsweek.com/british-election-can-queen-vote-royal-family-prince-william-kate-middleton-622958">considered unconstitutional</a> for the monarch to even vote.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yPdnXl">
As a result, Elizabeth spent seven decades in one of the world’s most high-profile positions… without taking direct political action. She met everyone worth meeting, traveled <a href="http://s.telegraph.co.uk/graphics/projects/queen-elizabeth-million-miles/index.html">over a million miles and visited over 115 countries</a>, welcomed <a href="https://www.hellomagazine.com/royalty/20220908150544/the-queen-prime-ministers-during-reign/">15 British prime ministers to office</a> — all without doing anything other than being her often silent royal self. That made her, in a sense, history’s greatest spectator.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FnbQbc">
And the history she witnessed was more than just the cumulative weight of 70 years. During those decades the world changed as it never has before — sometimes for the worse, often for the better — and Queen Elizabeth II observed it all from a singular perch.
</p>
<h3 id="jJHV0X">
The end of empire
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="07pC5R">
When her father King George VI died on February 6, 1952, the future queen was at a remote game-viewing camp in Kenya — so remote, in fact, that she didn’t receive word of his death and her ascension <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jan/08/queen-elizabeth-treetops-kenya">until four hours after the fact</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gbpIh1">
Today, of course, news of the queen’s death spread across the internet instantaneously — despite efforts to control the news, it <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/09/08/queen-death-fake-news-twitter/">soon leaked out over Twitter</a>. And Kenya is no longer a British colonial territory, as it was in 1952, but a country of its own that will soon celebrate the 50th anniversary of its independence.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JxLzWX">
Over the course of her reign, Britain went from <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/09/08/map-the-rise-and-fall-of-the-british-empire/">more than 70 overseas territories</a> — like Hong Kong and Singapore in East Asia, Yemen in the Middle East, and Guyana in South America — to what is mostly a handful of sparsely populated islands. Even the United Kingdom itself may be destined for dissolution, with a whole Ireland <a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/the-inevitability-of-a-united-ireland/">a real possibility</a> and Scotland once again <a href="https://www.gbnews.uk/news/sturgeon-tells-truss-independence-is-a-decision-for-scots-voters-not-the-new-pm/361943">threatening an independence vote</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iTx2Sg">
As it was when she was crowned in 1953, Britain is still a nuclear power, and still holds one of the five permanent seats on the United Nations Security Council. But six years after the Brexit vote, Britain’s international influence is at a nadir; or at least it would be, if it didn’t seem likely to fall even further as the economically troubled nation girds for what is shaping up to be a <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-09-07/jpmorgan-analysts-say-uk-cost-of-living-crisis-only-just-begun">cost-of-living crisis this winter</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dMYWH6">
To be clear, the evaporation of empire that Elizabeth witnessed is nothing to lament. If self-determination — the right of people to decide their own destiny in the international order — is sacrosanct, then the fact that <a href="https://www.npr.org/2022/07/11/1110853580/legacy-of-violence-documents-the-dark-side-of-the-british-empire">more than 700 million people</a> at the time of Elizabeth’s coronation effectively lived under the rule of a foreign government was a historical wrong that had to be righted.
</p>
<h3 id="ndwyfd">
70 years is a long time
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="og3Mdy">
Anyone who sits on a throne for 70 years will witness a changing world. But Elizabeth’s reign was so unique because the seven decades she spent as queen were so unique.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jR4lvH">
Compare Elizabeth to another historical monarch who reigned for almost as long: King Louis XIV of France, the fabled “Sun King.” (Louis was technically king for longer than Elizabeth was queen, but he spent the first eight years of his reign under a regency. I’ll let the scholars of royalty sort it out.) Between Louis’s ascension to the throne in 1643 and his death in 1715, per-capita GDP <a href="https://clio-infra.eu/Countries/France.html">barely budged in France</a>. Progress, as we know it, was essentially stagnant, as it was just about everywhere in the world.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EIQnVp">
During Elizabeth’s time, however, per-capita GDP in the United Kingdom more than tripled, part of a wave of economic growth that began in the 1800s with the Industrial Revolution, and truly took off globally in the postwar era. Life expectancy in the UK was just under 70 years in 1953 — today it is <a href="https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/GBR/united-kingdom/life-expectancy">north of 80</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eQ7JxX">
And the changes were even greater over these decades in many of the developing countries that once made up the British Empire. Shortly before the queen’s death, India — which spent nearly a century under direct British rule — <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-overtakes-uk-to-become-fifth-largest-economy-in-the-world/article65844906.ece">overtook</a> the UK as the world’s fifth-largest economy.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Y9th1a">
Much of that progress was the result of technological changes that Elizabeth witnessed firsthand. She was the first British monarch to have her coronation televised live, sent her first <a href="https://people.com/royals/on-this-day-in-royal-history-queen-elizabeth-sent-the-first-ever-royal-email-in-1976/">email in 1976</a>, and her <a href="https://time.com/3536368/queen-elizabeth-first-tweet/">first tweet in 2014</a>. Her first Christmas message to her subjects was broadcast over the radio — her final one could be <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zjxdkYhY64o">streamed on YouTube</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PNKWy1">
Britain in 1953 was an overwhelmingly white country, one where women had <a href="https://www.bl.uk/votes-for-women">only had fully equal voting rights for 25 years</a>. The UK today is a multi-ethnic democracy, where one recent candidate for prime minister, Rishi Sunak, is a <a href="https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/rishi-sunak-biography-1642162759-1">Hindu whose parents were East African immigrants of Indian descent</a>, and where the eventual winner, Liz Truss, is the <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/picture-gallery/news/world/2022/09/06/liz-truss-becomes-britains-third-female-prime-minister/7999686001/">country’s third female PM</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ttgVxT">
Homosexuality was only legalized in Britain in 1967, more than a decade into her reign. In 2018, Lord Ivar Mountbatten, a cousin of Elizabeth’s, became the <a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/lord-ivar-mountbatten-james-coyle-wedding-gay-royal-family-a8554721.html">first British royal to marry</a> their same-sex partner.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WdZKQF">
If part of the queen’s appeal was her sheer longevity, that longevity mattered all the more because it unfolded over a period of unprecedented change. The 18th-century France that existed at the end of Louis XIV’s reign would have seemed hardly different to the young king more than 70 years before, in terms of technology, economy, and social mores.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NgqOnV">
The United Kingdom of 2022 — and indeed the world as a whole — would be unrecognizable to the 25-year-old woman who was anointed at Westminster Abbey in 1953. And the pace of change to come, for King Charles III and his successors, seems only likely to accelerate. One of those changes, in the UK at least, will assuredly be the monarchy itself. As Dylan Matthews <a href="https://www.vox.com/2015/9/9/9294955/queen-elizabeth-constitutional-monarchy">wrote</a> in 2015, constitutional monarchies can have real value, ensuring one figure is of politics without being in them. But that role may have died with the queen. The trappings of monarchy may be transferrable to Charles, a figure all too familiar to the British public, but likely not the spirit embodied by Elizabeth.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gJ6NRZ">
Queen Elizabeth II did not cause any of these changes of her reign, but she did witness them from a uniquely privileged vantage. And her passing is a reminder of just how long 70 years really is — especially these 70 years.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bBV7bd">
<em>A version of this story was initially published in the Future Perfect newsletter. </em><a href="https://confirmsubscription.com/h/d/A2BA26698741513A"><em><strong>Sign up here to subscribe!</strong></em></a>
</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ganton, Jawai, Glorious Sunshine catch the eye</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Attained, Enlightened and Gazino please</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Eng vs SA third Test | Marco Jansen gets career-best figures as South Africa move ahead</strong> - The series is poised at 1-1 after both sides won by an innings inside three days in the first two games.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>We forcefully played in wet conditions, says Harmanpreet</strong> - The Indian skipper backed her teammates and added that despite the wet conditions, everyone in the team continued to give their best</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Iga Swiatek beats Ons Jabeur for 1st U.S. Open title, 3rd Slam</strong> - Iga Swiatek has defeated Ons Jabeur 6-2, 7-6 (5) to win her first U.S. Open championship and third Grand Slam title overall</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Modified vehicles still rule urban roads</strong> - Despite intensified action, young riders disinclined to keep altered vehicles off city roads</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Orissa HC orders health survey of workers engaged in thermal power plants</strong> - A case was registered pursuant to the January 31, 2014 judgment of SC that heard a petition regarding the health hazards faced by CFTPP workers</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>PM Modi to visit Uzbekistan on September 15-16 to attend SCO Summit</strong> - The Prime Minister is also likely to hold a few bilateral meetings on the sidelines of the summit.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Refitting Pakistan F-16s | India raised ‘strong objections’ with top U.S. official</strong> - During meetings with country’s Assistant Secretary of State Donald Lu in Delhi last week, India raised strong objections over U.S. sale of F-16 spares package to Pakistan</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Lumpy skin disease infecting cattle in Jharkhand</strong> - No death of bovine animals due to the viral infection has been reported: official</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Kharkiv offensive: Ukrainian army says it has tripled retaken area</strong> - On Saturday, Ukraine captured key eastern towns, as Russian forces withdrew to “regroup”.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Shock and joy in newly liberated villages</strong> - “They asked ‘is anyone alive?’ and I realised they were ours,” says one woman. “They were so beautiful.”</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine counter-offensive: Russian forces retreat as Ukraine takes key towns</strong> - The Ukrainian advances - if held - would be the most significant since Russia withdrew from near Kyiv in April.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine has retaken 1,000 square kilometres in a week - Zelensky</strong> - Kyiv says a lightning counter-offensive has recaptured vast swathes of territory in its south and east.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sweden election: Gang shootings cast shadow over vote</strong> - Violent crime is a top issue for voters going to the polls on Sunday.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mando and Grogu are a clan of two in The Mandalorian S3 teaser</strong> - Plus final <em>Andor</em> trailer, <em>Bad Batch</em> S2 delay, and animated <em>Tales of the Jedi</em> trailer - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1880214">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Forget all you know and lose yourself in the first trailer for Willow</strong> - “Running! Horses! Mayhem! Mayhem! Happy kissy ending!” - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1880218">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Google and Amazon want more defense contracts, despite worker protests</strong> - Protesters oppose Israeli government contract they say could have military uses. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1879983">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The rest of PAX West 2022’s standout indie games: Rhythm madness, bloody combat</strong> - Without big companies like Microsoft, Sony, indies had more room to shine. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1879881">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Polio declared a disaster emergency in New York after more poliovirus found</strong> - The declaration will expand vaccine access and require vaccine data reporting. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1880198">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Why was my post removed?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Can anyone tell me why my post was removed?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
I’m a bit annoyed by this because my fence has fallen over.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/XHeraclitusX"> /u/XHeraclitusX </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/xaxcy7/why_was_my_post_removed/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/xaxcy7/why_was_my_post_removed/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>My wife asked if I could stop singing ‘Wonderwall’</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
I said maybe
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Master6777"> /u/Master6777 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/xbc202/my_wife_asked_if_i_could_stop_singing_wonderwall/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/xbc202/my_wife_asked_if_i_could_stop_singing_wonderwall/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>Yesterday at the zoo I was allowed into the lion enclosure</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
I said to the lion handler “What do I do if the lion tries to attack me?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He replied “Don’t be afraid it’s very simple, if the lion charges you, reach behind your back, grab a pile of shit off the ground and throw it in the lions face”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
I said to him “But what if I reach behind me and there is no pile of shit on the ground?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
And the lion handler said “Don’t worry, it’ll be there”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/OwenJthomas89"> /u/OwenJthomas89 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/xb5irt/yesterday_at_the_zoo_i_was_allowed_into_the_lion/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/xb5irt/yesterday_at_the_zoo_i_was_allowed_into_the_lion/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>A couple takes their son to a nudist camp on vacation.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The son came back to the tent and shouted, “Wow Mom! You should see some of those girls. They have got these HUGE…..”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Yes, well”, his mother says. “The larger they are, the dumber the woman.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The next day, the boy comes back to the tent again. “You won’t believe some of the guys out there. They have this HUGE….”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Yes, well, as I said, the bigger they are, the dumber the man.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Really”, said the boy, frowning with puzzlement. “We might be in trouble, Mom.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Why do you say that?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Because Dad’s out there talking to a really stupid girl, and he’s getting dumber by the minute.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Snqwmqn"> /u/Snqwmqn </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/xba3uq/a_couple_takes_their_son_to_a_nudist_camp_on/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/xba3uq/a_couple_takes_their_son_to_a_nudist_camp_on/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>Did you know the magnifying glass was invented by a Chinese guy?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Yeah, his name was Tzu Minh
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/98re3"> /u/98re3 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/xbfwa4/did_you_know_the_magnifying_glass_was_invented_by/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/xbfwa4/did_you_know_the_magnifying_glass_was_invented_by/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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