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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Subjective impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on schizotypy and general mental health in Germany and the UK, for independent samples in May and in October 2020</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Studies reported a strong impact on mental health during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in March to June, 2020. In this study, we assessed the impact of the pandemic on mental health in general and on schizoptypal traits in two independent general population samples of the UK (May sample N: 239, October sample N: 126; participation at both timepoints: 21) and in two independent general population samples of Germany (May sample N: 543, October sample N: 401; participation at both timepoints: 100) using online surveys. Whereas general psychological symptoms (global symptom index, GSI) and percentage of responders above clinical cut-off for further psychological investigation were higher in the May sample compared to the October sample, schizotypy scores (Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire) were higher in the October sample. We investigated potential associations, using general linear regression models (GLM). For schizotypy scores, we found that loneliness, use of drugs, and financial burden were more strongly corrected with schizotypy in the October compared to the May sample. We identified similar associations for GSI, as for schizotypy scores, in the May and October samples. We furthermore found that living in the UK was related to higher schizotypal scores or GSI. However, individual estimates of the GLM are highly comparable between the two countries. In conclusion, this study shows that while the general psychological impact is lower in the October than the May sample, potentially showing a normative response to an exceptional situation; schizotypy scores are higher at the second timepoint, which may be due to a stronger impact of estimates of loneliness, drug use, and financial burden. The ongoing, exceptional circumstances within this pandemic might increase the risk for developing psychosis in some individuals. The development of general psychological symptoms and schizotypy scores over time requires further attention and investigation.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.15.21251726v2" target="_blank">Subjective impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on schizotypy and general mental health in Germany and the UK, for independent samples in May and in October 2020</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Excess deaths in Spain during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak from age/sex-adjusted death rates</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The Eurostat records of weekly deaths disaggregated by AGEGRP5 (five-year bin age groups) and sex group in Spain have been analyzed to build age/sex-specific weekly death rates and the age/sex-adjusted weekly death rate and to infer the predicted death rate, the excess death rate and the excess deaths during the first year (52-week) of the pandemic. Adjusted rates were computed extending the last available population structure back in time to assess the death rates that would have been observed if the present population had died at the age/sex-specific death rates observed in the past. Age/sex-adjusted, 52-week death rate had not been as high as the observed rate 10.67 per 1k population in the past 13 years. Poisson regression predicted death rate of 8.81 deaths per 1k population which made an excess death rate of 1.86 deaths per 1k population (Pscore=21.2% and zscore=11.9) with an unbiased standard deviation of the residuals equal to 0.156 deaths per 1k population. This translates into 88242 excess deaths (46695 males and 41532 females) with an unbiased standard deviation of the residuals equal to 7396 deaths. COVID–19 deaths (73516 deaths) accounts for 83% of the total excess. Taking into account the 9772 COVID-19 suspected deaths that occurred in nursing homes and care facilities during the spring of 2020 it is only 4950 (5.6 % of excess deaths) that remains unattributed. The infection rate during the first year of the pandemic is estimated in 17 % of population after comparing the ENE-COVID seroprevalence, the excess deaths at the end of the spring 2020 and the excess deaths at the end of the first year of the pandemic.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.22.20159707v4" target="_blank">Excess deaths in Spain during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak from age/sex-adjusted death rates</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Perceived Severity of COVID-19 and Post-pandemic Consumption Willingness: The Roles of Boredom and Sensation-Seeking</strong> -
<div>
The COVID-19 pandemic restricts people’s activities and makes consumer businesses suffered. This study explored the relationship between the perceived severity of COVID-19 and the post-pandemic consumption willingness. Study 1 surveyed 1464 Chinese people in March 2020, found the perceived severity of COVID-19 during the pandemic significantly increased the willingness to consume post-pandemic, and boredom stemming from limited activities and sensation-seeking expressions mediated this effect. Study 2 conducted an experiment with 174 participants in August 2020, found a high level of perceived severity of COVID-19 and the experience of life tedium during the pandemic significantly increased individuals’ impulsive buying tendencies after the pandemic. The results suggested the level of perceived severity of COVID-19 may influence people’s post-pandemic consumption patterns.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/ch72a/" target="_blank">Perceived Severity of COVID-19 and Post-pandemic Consumption Willingness: The Roles of Boredom and Sensation-Seeking</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Inside UK Universities: Staff mental health and wellbeing during the coronavirus pandemic</strong> -
<div>
This report documents the mental health and wellbeing of university staff during the coronavirus pandemic, using survey data collected online in March 2021 from 1,182 staff employed across 92 UK universities. Overall, the survey data suggest that university staff are grappling with high levels of poor mental health and wellbeing: • One in two university staff reported experiencing chronic emotional exhaustion (55%), worry (53%), and stress (51%) during the academic year 2020/21. • Half of the staff surveyed (47%) described their mental health as poor. • Over a third of staff members reported low life satisfaction (36%). • More than a quarter of staff reported feeling as if the things they did in their lives were not worthwhile (27%). • One in two staff members experienced high levels of anxiety (50%) – 1.5 times higher than the national average (32%). • One in three university staff reported low levels of happiness (33%) compared with a national average1 of one in seven (14%). In this report, we explore factors that may alleviate the burden of poor mental health and wellbeing amongst HE staff. Factors that fall more within the remit of institutions include social inclusion and the alignment between skills and task demands. Factors that fall more within the remit of government and policy makers include autonomy and the value that is placed on universities and their staff. In publishing this report, we hope institutional leaders and policy makers will recognise the urgent need to improve staff mental health and wellbeing. As we approach another academic year impacted by Covid-19 and universities in England brace themselves for funding cuts in the next spending review, action is needed to prevent a further deterioration in staff mental health and wellbeing.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/23axu/" target="_blank">Inside UK Universities: Staff mental health and wellbeing during the coronavirus pandemic</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Rapid, large-scale wastewater surveillance and automated reporting system enabled early detection of nearly 85% of COVID-19 cases on a University campus</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Wastewater based surveillance has gained prominence and come to the forefront as a leading indicator of forecasting COVID-19 infection dynamics owing to its cost-effectiveness and its ability to inform early public health interventions. A university campus could especially benefit from wastewater surveillance as they are characterized by largely asymptomatic populations and are potential hotspots for transmission that necessitate frequent diagnostic testing. In this study, we employed a large-scale GIS (Geographic information systems) enabled building-level wastewater monitoring system associated with the on-campus residences of 7614 individuals. Sixty-eight automated wastewater samplers were deployed to monitor 239 campus buildings with a focus on residential buildings. Time-weighted composite samples were collected on a daily basis and analyzed within the same day. Sample processing was streamlined significantly through automation, reducing the turnaround time by 20-fold and exceeding the scale of similar surveillance programs by 10 to 100-fold, thereby overcoming one of the biggest bottlenecks in wastewater surveillance. An automated wastewater notification system was developed to alert residents to a positive wastewater sample associated with their residence and to encourage uptake of campus-provided asymptomatic testing at no charge. This system, integrated with the rest of the 9Return to Learn9 program at UC San Diego-led to the early diagnosis of nearly 85% of all COVID-19 cases on campus. Covid-19 testing rates increased by 1.9-13X following wastewater notifications. Our study shows the potential for a robust, efficient wastewater surveillance system to greatly reduce infection risk as college campuses and other high-risk environments reopen.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.18.21259162v1" target="_blank">Rapid, large-scale wastewater surveillance and automated reporting system enabled early detection of nearly 85% of COVID-19 cases on a University campus</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Advices for Parents and Children for Better Adaptation to the Educational Space During the COVID-19 Pandemic</strong> -
<div>
The situation created by the COVID-19 pandemic in the educational space and outside in Georgia has led to an increase in the level of anxiety and stress in children. The presented article provides parents with advices on how to deal with these problems and help children solve emotional-behavioral problems.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/hrnc9/" target="_blank">Advices for Parents and Children for Better Adaptation to the Educational Space During the COVID-19 Pandemic</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Web-scraping the Expression of Loneliness during COVID-19</strong> -
<div>
We investigated the subjective experience of loneliness during COVID-19 by analyzing social media postings from March 2020 to January 2021. We collected text data from loneliness-related subgroups of Reddit and sampled 12787 posts that were written in ten consecutive days from each month. The results suggest that when individuals express their loneliness, they show an internal focus of attention on their emotions, desires, and cognitive appraisals rather than an external focus of attention on situations or other people. Linguistic markers of emotions expressed by lonely individuals included depression, anxiety, anger, hate, helplessness, and sadness. Also, loneliness-related topics were generally about their internal states pertinent to various social relationships, interpersonal interaction deficits, and their own lives in broad time perspectives. COVID-19 related loneliness was associated with negative appraisal of one’s situation and reaching out for new relationships online.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/59gwk/" target="_blank">Web-scraping the Expression of Loneliness during COVID-19</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Seroconversion panels demonstrate anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody development after administration of the mRNA-1273 vaccine</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Seroconversion panels are an important tool for investigating antibody responses in acute and chronic phases of disease and development of serological assays for viral diseases including COVID-19. Globally it is anticipated that vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 will facilitate control of the current pandemic. The two COVID-19 seroconversion panels analyzed in this study were obtained from consenting donors with samples collected before vaccination with the mRNA-1273 vaccine (Moderna) and after the first and second doses of the vaccine. Panel samples were tested for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 (IgG). Individual subjects with a positive response for anti-SARS-CoV2 IgG in their pre-vaccination samples showed a significantly enhanced response to the first vaccination. In older subjects, weaker immunological responses to the first injection were observed, which were overcome by the second injection. All subjects in the study were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG after the second dose of vaccine.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.20.21258152v1" target="_blank">Seroconversion panels demonstrate anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody development after administration of the mRNA-1273 vaccine</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Enhancing Parental Knowledge of Child Safety: An Interventional Educational Campaign</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: Safeguarding children from unintentional injuries is a significant concern for parents and caregivers. With children staying more at home during the COVID-19 pandemic, more educational tools and valid educational programs are warranted to improve parental knowledge and awareness about children9s safety. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of child safety campaigns on parents9 knowledge and attitude towards preventable childhood injuries. Methods: This was a pre-post experimental study, in which the pre-designed assessments were used as an evaluation tool before and after attending a Child Safety Campaign. The Pre - Post assessment question included questions to evaluate the socio-demographic status, followed by knowledge questions in line with the current child safety campaign. The outcomes of interest were assessed before and after attending the campaign9s stations. Results: Three hundred and eight parents volunteered to participate in this study. Their knowledge score improved from 36.2 (SD 17.7) to 79.3 (SD 15.6) after attending the Child Safety Campaign (t-value= 34.6, p&lt;0.001). Both, perceptions on the preventability of accidents and the parents9 perceived usefulness of educational campaigns showed improvements, with (t-value =6.3, p&lt;0.001) and (t-value= 3.097, p&lt;0.001), respectively. Conclusion: The educational child safety campaign for caregivers in Saudi Arabia resulted in a significant increase in the overall knowledge and attitudes towards children9s safety. As children are currently staying at home more, additional educational tools and programs are warranted to promote childhood safe practices among parents and caregivers.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.20.21259168v1" target="_blank">Enhancing Parental Knowledge of Child Safety: An Interventional Educational Campaign</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Association between preference and e-learning readiness among the Bangladeshi female nursing students in the Covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The COVID-19 pandemic jeopardized the traditional academic learning calendars due to the closing of all educational institutions across the globe. To keep up with the flow of learning most of the educational institutions shifted toward e-learning. However, the questions of the students e-learning preference for various sub-domains of e-learning readiness did not identify, particularly among the female nursing students for a developing country like Bangladesh, where those domains pose serious challenges. A cross-sectional study was conducted among the female nursing students perceived e-learning readiness in sub-domains of readiness; availability of technology, use of technology, self-confidence, and acceptance. About 237 nursing students were recruited, who have enrolled in e-learning at least the last 30 days of the participation. A multivariable linear regression model was fitted to find the association between students preference and the perceived e-learning readiness with demographic and e-learning related factors. The findings of the study revealed that more than half of the students, 56.54% (n=134) did not prefer e-learning. The students did not prefer e-learning compared to prefer group has significantly less availability of technology (β = -3.01, 95% CI: -4.46, -1.56), less use of technology (β = -3.08, 95% CI: -5.11, -1.06), less self-confidence (β = -4.50, 95% CI: -7.02, -1.98), and less acceptance (β = -5.96, 95% CI: -7.76, -4.16). The age, degree, residence, parents highest education, having a single room, having any eye problems significantly associated with the variation of availability of technology, use of technology, self-confidence, and acceptance for e-learning. The outcomes of the study could be helpful while developing an effective and productive e-learning infrastructure regarding the preparedness of nursing colleges for the continuation of academia in any adverse circumstances like the COVID-19 pandemic.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.20.21259188v1" target="_blank">Association between preference and e-learning readiness among the Bangladeshi female nursing students in the Covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Effectiveness of Face Masks in Blocking the Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a Preliminary Evaluation of Masks Used by SARS-CoV-2-Infected Individuals</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
In 2019, a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is trans-mitted via airborne route, caused a new pandemic namely, 9coronavirus disease 20199 (COVID-19). Although it is still debated whether the use of masks can prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, no study has evaluated the virus-blocking efficacy of masks used by patients. We aimed to evaluate this efficacy of masks used by SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals. Data, masks used, and nasopharyngeal swab samples were obtained from these patients. Forty-five paired samples of nasopharyngeal swabs and masks were obtained and processed; the majority of masks were woven. Viral RNAs were amplified using quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction and detected only on the inner parts of masks. Median cycle threshold (CT) values of swabs and masks were 28.41 and 37.95, respectively. Statistically, there was a difference of ap-proximately 10 CT values between swabs and masks and no significant difference in CT values among different types of masks. There were statistically significant differences in CT values be-tween men and women and symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Our findings suggest the blocking of the transmission of the virus by different types of masks and reinforce the use of masks by both infected and non-infected individuals.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.20.21259167v1" target="_blank">Effectiveness of Face Masks in Blocking the Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a Preliminary Evaluation of Masks Used by SARS-CoV-2-Infected Individuals</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The evaluation of factors affecting antibody response after administration of the BNT162b2 vaccine: A prospective study in Japan</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibody reaction after administration of the BNT162b2 vaccine, and to reveal the factors that affect antibody production. This prospective study was carried out in the Association of EISEIKAI Medical and Healthcare Corporation Minamitama Hospital, in Tokyo, Japan, from April 15, 2021 to June 09, 2021. All our hospital9s workers who were administered the BNT162b2 vaccine as part of a routine program were included in this study. We calculated the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific antibody titter 1) before vaccination, 2) seven to twenty days after the first vaccination, and 3) seven to twenty days after the second vaccination. The low-antibody titer group (LABG) was defined as the group having less than 25 percentiles of antibody titer. Univariate and Multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to ascertain the effects of factors on the likelihood of LABG. 374 participants were eventually included in our study, and they were divided into 94 LABG and 280 non-LABG. All samples showed significant antibody elevation in the second antibody test, with a mean value of 3476 U/mL. When comparing the LABG and non-LABG groups, the median age, blood sugar, and HbA1c were significantly higher in the LABG group. The rates of participants with low BMI (&lt;18.5) and high BMI (&gt;30) were significantly higher in the LABG group. The proportion of chronic lung disease, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, autoimmune disease, and cancer were significantly higher in the LABG group. Although there was no significant difference confirmed with respect to the exercise hours per day, the proportion of participants that did not perform outdoor activities was significantly higher in the LABG group. The time interval between the second vaccination and the second antibody test, and between the first and the second vaccination was significantly longer in the non-LABG group. Our logistic regression analysis revealed that the age, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, antihypertensive drug, antilipid drug, γ-GT, BS, HbA1c, and lack of outdoor activity were significant suppressors of antibody reaction, whereas maintaining the appropriate time interval between the first and the second vaccination could promote a significant antibody response. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, age, obesity, and lack of outdoor activities were significant suppressors of antibody reaction, whereas the length of days from the first to the second vaccination promoted a significant antibody response. Our single-center study demonstrates that age, obesity, and lack of outdoor activities were significant suppressors of antibody response, whereas maintaining the appropriate time interval between the first and the second vaccination could promote a significant antibody response. Evidence from multi-center studies is needed to develop further vaccination strategies.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.20.21259177v1" target="_blank">The evaluation of factors affecting antibody response after administration of the BNT162b2 vaccine: A prospective study in Japan</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Taiwan on track to end third COVID-19 community outbreak</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic on December 31st, 2019, with the World Health Organization being notified of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan (China), Taiwan has successfully ended two COVID-19 community outbreaks. For 19 days, the third community outbreak has now been successfully suppressed, putting Taiwan on path to end it too around Aug. 16th based on our forecast using an exponential model. Since May 28th the 7-day average of reported confirmed infected, which peaked at 593, has been falling to 204 on June 16th and the 7-day average of reported suspected and excluded cases increased to above 25 000. Resulting in a decrease in the ratio of the 7-day average of local &amp; unknown confirmed to suspected cases—the identified control variable—to less than one third of its peak value. The later is a hallmark of working contact tracing, which together with testing and isolation of infected are the keys to ending the community outbreak.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.20.21259178v1" target="_blank">Taiwan on track to end third COVID-19 community outbreak</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>More complaints than findings - Long-term pulmonary function in children and adolescents after COVID-19</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: The frequency of persistent symptoms after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adults varies from 4.5% to 87%. Pulmonary function can also show long-term impairment in adults: 10% of hospitalised adults had reduced spirometry values, and 24% had decreased diffusion capacity. To date, only preliminary evidence is available on persistent respiratory sequelae in children and adolescents, therefore our objective was to examine the long-term effects of COVID-19 on pulmonary function in this age group. Methods: Multiple-breath washout, body plethysmography, and diffusion capacity testing were performed after an average of 2.6 months (range 0.4-6.0) following COVID-19 in 73 children and adolescents (age 5-18 years) with different disease severity. Cases were compared to 45 controls with and without infection within six months prior to assessment after exclusion of severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 infection (SARS-CoV-2). Results: Of the 19 patients (27.1%) who complained about persistent or newly emerged symptoms since COVID-19, 8 (11.4%) reported respiratory symptoms. Comparing patients with COVID-19 to controls, no significant differences were detected in frequency of abnormal pulmonary function (COVID-19: 12, 16.4%; controls: 12, 27.7%; OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.22-1.34). Only two patients with persistent respiratory symptoms showed abnormal pulmonary function. Multivariate analysis revealed reduced forced vital capacity (p=0.045) in patients with severe infection regardless of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Discussion: Pulmonary function is rarely impaired in children and adolescents after COVID-19, except of those with severe infection. The discrepancy between persistent respiratory symptoms and normal pulmonary function suggests a different underlying pathology such as dysfunctional breathing.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.22.21259273v1" target="_blank">More complaints than findings - Long-term pulmonary function in children and adolescents after COVID-19</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The Impact of COVID-19 on Americans’ Attitudes toward China: Does Local Incidence Rate Matter?</strong> -
<div>
Linking local COVID-19 and population statistics to a U.S.-based survey we recently conducted, we study the spatial variation in the impact of COVID-19 on Americans’ attitudes toward China. The research strategy capitalizes on differential local COVID-19 incidence rates as varying dosages of the COVID-19 impact across local contexts in the U.S. Our results reveal negative yet heterogeneous effects of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on Americans’ attitudes toward China. We find that a greater local exposure to COVID-19 is associated with a lower level of trust in Chinese and a less favorable attitude toward China. These findings lend consistent support to behavioral immune system theory by bridging the literature on contextual variations in public opinion, with broader implications for U.S.–China relations.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/9ubna/" target="_blank">The Impact of COVID-19 on Americans’ Attitudes toward China: Does Local Incidence Rate Matter?</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cognitive and Psychological Disorders After Severe COVID-19 Infection</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID 19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Diagnostic Test: Cognitive assessment;   Diagnostic Test: Imaging;   Diagnostic Test: Routine care;   Other: Psychiatric evaluation<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Central Hospital, Nancy, France;   Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besancon;   University Hospital, Strasbourg, France;   Centre Hospitalier Régional Metz-Thionville;   Centre hospitalier Epinal;   Hopitaux Civils de Colmar<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>MP1032 Treatment in Patients With Moderate to Severe COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: MP1032;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   MetrioPharm AG;   Syneos Health, LLC<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy and Safety of XAV-19 for the Treatment of Moderate-to-severe COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: XAV-19;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Xenothera SAS<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study of Codivir in Patients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Covidir injections;   Diagnostic Test: One Step Test;   Diagnostic Test: IgM and IgG dosage;   Diagnostic Test: RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2;   Diagnostic Test: Screening blood test;   Diagnostic Test: ECG;   Diagnostic Test: Medical evaluation;   Diagnostic Test: NEWS-2 score;   Diagnostic Test: WHO score<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Code Pharma;   Zion Medical<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study to Evaluate the Safety and Concentrations of Monoclonal Antibody Against Virus That Causes COVID-19 Disease.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Virus Disease<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: MAD0004J08;   Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Toscana Life Sciences Sviluppo s.r.l.;   Cross Research S.A.<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Clinical Trial With N-acetylcysteine and Bromhexine for COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Vitamin C;   Drug: N-acetylcysteine (NAC);   Drug: NAC + Bromhexine (BMX)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Universidade Federal do Ceara;   Paulista School of Medicine-EPM, UNIFESP;   Health Surveillance Secretariat - SVS;   Central Laboratory of Public Health of Ceara - LACEN-CE;   Leonardo da Vinci Hospital - HLV;   São José Hospital for Infectious Diseases - HSJ;   Ceará Health Secretariat - SESA;   Municipal Health Secretary - SMS-Fortaleza<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Augmentation of Immune Response to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination Through OMT With Lymphatic Pumps</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Western University of Health Sciences;   American College of Osteopathic Physicians;   American Osteopathic Foundation;   Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons of California;   Xavier-Nichols Foundation<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Immunogenicity of LNP-nCOV saRNA-02 Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2, the Causative Agent of COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: LNP-nCOV saRNA-02 Vaccine<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy of Inhaled Therapies in the Treatment of Acute Symptoms Associated With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: inhaled beclametasone;   Drug: Inahaled beclomethasone / formoterol / glycopyrronium<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   UPECLIN HC FM Botucatu Unesp;   Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Dapsone Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Trial (DAP-CORONA) COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Dapsone 85 mg PO BID;   Drug: Placebo 85 mg PO BID<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   McGill University Health Centre/Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre;   Pulmonem Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Clinical Investigation for 2019-nCoV Antigen Saliva Rapid Test Kit and V-CHEK SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Detection Kit to Detect COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Device: V-CHECK SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Detection Kit and 2019-nCoV Antigen Saliva Rapid Test Kit<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Medical College of Wisconsin;   Reliable, LLC.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ivermectin Versus Standard Treatment in Mild COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Ivermectin Tablets<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Assiut University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Tolerability,Safety of JS016 in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   SARS-CoV-2<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Combination Product: JS016 (anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Peking Union Medical College Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Open Label, Single-Center Study Utilizing BIOZEK COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Test</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid-19 Testing<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Diagnostic Test: Biozek Covid-19 Antigen Rapid Test (Saliva)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Mach-E B.V.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SCALE-UP Utah: Community-Academic Partnership to Address COVID-19 Testing Among Utah Community Health Centers</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: Text-Messaging (TM);   Behavioral: Patient Navigation (PN)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of Utah;   Association for Utah Community Health;   Utah Department of Health;   National Institutes of Health (NIH)<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Discovery of Small Anti-ACE2 Peptides to Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity</strong> - COVID-19 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which infects host cells by binding its viral spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on host cells. Blocking the SARS-CoV-2-RBD/ACE2 interaction is, therefore, a potential strategy to inhibit viral infections. Using a novel biopanning strategy, a small anti-ACE2 peptide is discovered, which shows high affinity and specificity to human ACE2. It blocks not only…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Promising Immunotherapies against COVID-19</strong> - Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to a severe pandemic and deeply affected the livelihood of people worldwide. In response to the pandemic, researchers have been rapidly studying different aspects of COVID-19, such as virus detection, vaccinations, and epidemiological aspects of the disease. It has been reported that SARS-CoV-2 can induce uncontrolled inflammation and cause a lack of antiviral response, thereby…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>In silico approach for identification of natural compounds as potential COVID 19 main protease (M(pro)) inhibitors</strong> - With the recent pandemic outbreak and subsequent worldwide spread of COVID-19 from Wuhan city of China, millions of infections and lakhs of deaths have resulted. No registered therapies have been developed to treat infection with COVID-19. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of herbal drugs as drug target molecules against COVID-19 by molecular docking. The inhibitory effects of natural compounds were analyzed against COVID-19 main protease (M^(pro)). The inhibition of…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 Forms Intracellular Aggregates and Inhibits IFNgamma-Induced Antiviral Gene Expression in Human Lung Epithelial Cells</strong> - Infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, a disease that involves significant lung tissue damage. How SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to lung injury remains elusive. The open reading frame 8 (ORF8) protein of SARS-CoV-2 (ORF8^(SARS-CoV-2)) is a unique accessory protein, yet little is known about its cellular function. We examined the cellular distribution of ORF8^(SARS-CoV-2) and its role in the regulation of human lung epithelial cell…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Thromboplasminflammation in COVID-19 Coagulopathy: Three Viewpoints for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies</strong> - Thromboplasminflammation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) coagulopathy consists of angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced coagulopathy, activated factor XII (FXIIa)- and kallikrein, kinin system-enhanced fibrinolysis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). All three conditions induce systemic inflammation via each pathomechanism-developed production of inflammatory cytokines. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) downregulates angiotensin-converting enzyme 2,…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Glycyrrhizic Acid for COVID-19: Findings of Targeting Pivotal Inflammatory Pathways Triggered by SARS-CoV-2</strong> - Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now a worldwide public health crisis. The causative pathogen is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Novel therapeutic agents are desperately needed. Because of the frequent mutations in the virus and its ability to cause cytokine storms, targeting the viral proteins has some drawbacks. Targeting cellular factors or pivotal inflammatory pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2 may produce a broader range of therapies….</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effect of Methylene Blue Pathogen Inactivation on the Integrity of Immunoglobulin M and G</strong> - CONCLUSION: MB treatment of plasma does not inhibit the binding capacity of IgM and IgG to their epitopes, or the Fc receptor interaction of IgG. Based on these results, MB treatment of convalescent plasma is appropriate to reduce the risk of pathogen transmission if quarantine storage is omitted.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) as a Predictor of Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration: Potential Treatment Strategies</strong> - The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has attracted attention to the challenge of neuroinflammation as an unavoidable component of viral infections. Acute neuroinflammatory responses include activation of resident tissue macrophages in the CNS followed by release of a variety of cytokines and chemokines associated with activation of oxidative stress and delayed neuron damage. This makes the search for treatments with indirect anti-inflammatory properties relevant. From this point of view, attention…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy and safety of ReDuNing injection as a treatment for COVID-19 and its inhibitory effect against SARS-CoV-2</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: RDN relieves clinical symptoms in patients with COVID-19 and reduces SARS-CoV-2 infection by regulating inflammatory cytokine-related disorders, suggestion that this medication might be a safe and effective treatment for COVID-19.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Identification of known drugs as potential SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors using ligand- and structure-based virtual screening</strong> - Background: The new coronavirus pandemic has had a significant impact worldwide, and therapeutic treatment for this viral infection is being strongly pursued. Efforts have been undertaken by medicinal chemists to discover molecules or known drugs that may be effective in COVID-19 treatment - in particular, targeting the main protease (Mpro) of the virus. Materials &amp; methods: We have employed an innovative strategy - application of ligand- and structure-based virtual screening - using a special…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Rationale, study design and implementation of the LUCINDA Trial: Leuprolide plus cholinesterase inhibition to reduce neurologic decline in Alzheimer’s</strong> - The LUCINDA Trial (Leuprolide plus Cholinesterase Inhibition to reduce Neurologic Decline in Alzheimer’s) is a 52 week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of leuprolide acetate (Eligard) in women with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Leuprolide acetate is a gonadotropin analogue commonly used for hormone-sensitive conditions such as prostate cancer and endometriosis. This repurposed drug demonstrated efficacy in a previous Phase II clinical trial in those women with AD who also received a stable dose…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Rapid, reliable, and reproducible cell fusion assay to quantify SARS-Cov-2 spike interaction with hACE2</strong> - COVID-19 is a global crisis of unimagined dimensions. Currently, Remedesivir is only fully licensed FDA therapeutic. A major target of the vaccine effort is the SARS-CoV-2 spike-hACE2 interaction, and assessment of efficacy relies on time consuming neutralization assay. Here, we developed a cell fusion assay based upon spike-hACE2 interaction. The system was tested by transient co-transfection of 293T cells, which demonstrated good correlation with standard spike pseudotyping for inhibition by…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins NSP1 and NSP13 inhibit interferon activation through distinct mechanisms</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a devastating global pandemic, infecting over 43 million people and claiming over 1 million lives, with these numbers increasing daily. Therefore, there is urgent need to understand the molecular mechanisms governing SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, immune evasion, and disease progression. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 can block IRF3 and NF-κB activation early during virus infection. We also identify that the SARS-CoV-2 viral…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mechanism of inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 M(pro) by N3 peptidyl Michael acceptor explained by QM/MM simulations and design of new derivatives with tunable chemical reactivity</strong> - The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M^(pro)) is essential for replication of the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, and one of the main targets for drug design. Here, we simulate the inhibition process of SARS-CoV-2 M^(pro) with a known Michael acceptor (peptidyl) inhibitor, N3. The free energy landscape for the mechanism of the formation of the covalent enzyme-inhibitor product is computed with QM/MM molecular dynamics methods. The simulations show a two-step mechanism, and give structures…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Inhibitors of thiol-mediated uptake</strong> - Ellman’s reagent has caused substantial confusion and concern as a probe for thiol-mediated uptake because it is the only established inhibitor available but works neither efficiently nor reliably. Here we use fluorescent cyclic oligochalcogenides that enter cells by thiol-mediated uptake to systematically screen for more potent inhibitors, including epidithiodiketopiperazines, benzopolysulfanes, disulfide-bridged γ-turned peptides, heteroaromatic sulfones and cyclic thiosulfonates,…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 anti-viral therapeutic</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU327160071">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>폐마스크 밀봉 회수기</strong> - 본 발명은 마스크 착용 후 버려지는 일회용 폐마스크를 비닐봉지에 넣은 후 밀봉하여 배출함으로써, 2차 감염을 예방하고 일반 생활폐기물과 선별 분리 배출하여 환경오염을 방지하는 데 그 목적이 있다. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=KR325788342">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>백신 냉각 및 해동 기능을 갖는 백신 보관장치</strong> - 본 발명은 백신 냉각 및 해동 기능을 갖는 백신 보관장치에 관한 것으로, 상, 하부하우징의 제1상, 하부누출방지공간에 냉각물질이 충입된 냉각파이프를 설치하되, 제2상, 하부누출방지공간에 가열물질이 충입된 가열파이프를 설치하여, 구획판부에 의해 구획된 백신냉각공간 및 백신해동공간 각각을 냉각 및 가열하고, 보조도어를 통해 백신냉각공간 내에 수용된 백신을 구획판부의 백신출구도어를 통해 백신해동공간으로 이동시켜, 백신해동공간 내에서 백신을 해동함으로써, 즉시 사용이 가능한 백신을 인출도어를 통해 인출할 수 있다. 본 발명에 따르면, 냉각파이프에 저장된 냉매에 의해 백신냉각공간 내의 온도가 극저온 상태로 변화되고, 극저온 상태를 유지하는 백신냉각공간 내에 백신을 저장하여, 안전하게 보관 할 수 있으며, 백신냉각공간 내의 백신을 백신해동공간 내로 이동시켜, 백신해동공간 내에서 백신을 해동할 수 있고, 이 해동된 백신을 인출도어를 통해 인출한 후 즉시 사용할 수 있어 백신을 해동하는 시간이 단축되며, 보조도어를 통해 백신냉각공간 내의 백신을 백신해동공간으로 이동시켜, 백신이 외기에 노출될 우려가 없으며, 백신냉각공간 내의 백신을 백신해동공간으로 이동시키거나 또는 인출도어를 통해 백신 인출시 정렬장치가 백신을 보조도어 및 인출도어 직하방에 자동 위치시킨다. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=KR327274025">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COST EFFECTIVE PORTABLE OXYGEN CONCENTRATOR FOR COVID-19</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU324964715">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>백신 인출용 보조도어를 갖는 백신 저온 보관장치</strong> - 본 발명은 백신정렬 기능을 갖는 백신 저온 보관장치에 관한 것으로, 상, 하부하우징의 이중 격벽 안에 냉매가 충입된 냉매파이프를 설치하여, 이 냉매파이프에 의해 상, 하부하우징의 백신 보관 공간이 극저온 상태를 유지하도록 하고, 하부하우징의 가이드벽 사이에 수용된 백신을 정렬장치로 가압하여, 상부하우징의 보조도어 직하방에 백신이 위치되도록 하되, 이때, 보조도어를 개방하여 하부하우징 내에 수용된 백신을 인출하면, 정렬장치가 가이드벽 사이에 수용된 백신을 보조도어 방향으로 밀어내어, 보조도어 직하방에 백신이 순차적으로 자동 위치된다. 본 발명에 따르면, 상, 하부하우징의 이중 격벽 내에 냉매 파이프가 설치되어, 이 냉매 파이프에 저장된 냉매에 의해 백신 보관공간 내의 온도가 극저온 상태로 변화되고, 이 극저온 상태를 유지하는 백신 보관공간 내에 백신을 저장하여, 안전하게 보관 할 수 있으며, 수분이나 외부 공기 유입이 차단되어 백신을 안전하게 보관되고, 온도계와 압력계를 이용하여 백신 보관공간과 냉매 압력을 실시간으로 감지할 수 있고, 보조도어를 통해 백신 보관공간 내의 백신을 독립적으로 인출할 수 있으며, 보조도어를 통해 백신 인출시 정렬장치가 백신을 보조도어 방향으로 밀어내어, 보조도어 직하방에 백신이 자동 위치되고, 외기 유입 방지로 백신 보관공간 내의 온도가 극저온 상태로 유지된다. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=KR327274024">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SAFE TOUCH ANTI VIRAL LUGGAGE TROLLEY HANDLE</strong> - The invention is directed to a safe-touch, anti-viral luggage trolley handle, comprising PVC plastic with the addition of a silver-based antimicrobial additive. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU324956574">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>METHOD OF IDENTIFYING SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONA VIRUS 2 (SARS-COV-2) RIBONUCLEIC ACID (RNA)</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU323956811">link</a></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Erweiterbare Desinfektionsvorrichtung</strong> -
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Erweiterbare Desinfektionsvorrichtung, umfassend: einen Hauptkörper, der eine umgekehrt U-förmige Basisplatte aufweist, wobei die umgekehrt U-förmige Basisplatte mit einer Öffnung versehen ist und jeweils eine Seitenplatte sich von zwei Seiten der umgekehrt U-förmigen Basisplatte nach außen erstreckt; und mindestens eine Desinfektionslampe, die in den auf zwei Seiten des Hauptkörpers befindlichen Seitenplatten angeordnet ist und eine Lichtemissionseinheit, eine Erfassungseinheit, eine Steuereinheit und eine Stromversorgungseinheit umfasst.</p></li>
</ul>
<img alt="embedded image" id="EMI-D00000"/>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"></p>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=DE326402480">link</a></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Einfache Sterilisationsvorrichtung</strong> -
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Einfache Sterilisationsvorrichtung, mit einem Hauptkörper (11), der in Längsrichtung einen ersten Plattenabschnitt (111) und in Querrichtung einen zweiten Plattenabschnitt (112) aufweist, wobei der erste Plattenabschnitt (111) und der zweite Plattenabschnitt (112) L-förmig miteinander verbunden sind; und einer Sterilisationslampe (12), die an dem Hauptkörper (11) angeordnet ist und eine Lichtemissionseinheit (121), eine Sensoreinheit (122), eine Steuereinheit (123) und eine Stromeinheit (124) aufweist.</p></li>
</ul>
<img alt="embedded image" id="EMI-D00000"/>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"></p>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=DE326402479">link</a></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Klemmarme aufweisende Desinfektionsvorrichtung</strong> -
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Klemmarme aufweisende Desinfektionsvorrichtung, umfassend: einen Hauptkörper; eine Desinfektionslampe, die im Hauptkörper angeordnet ist und eine Lichtemissionseinheit, eine Erfassungseinheit, eine Steuereinheit und eine Stromversorgungseinheit umfasst; einen Klemmabschnitt, der auf einer Seite des Hauptkörpers angeordnet ist, wobei der Klemmabschnitt zwei gegenüberliegende Greifbacken umfasst, wobei mindestens eine der beiden Greifbacken mit einer Schwenkachse versehen ist, wobei ein Klemmraum durch passgenaues Schließen der beiden Greifbacken entsteht und die beiden Greifbacken jeweils mit einem Durchgangsloch versehen sind; einen Befestigungsabschnitt, der durch die Durchgangslöcher der beiden Greifbacken hindurchgeführt ist;und ein Schild, das auf einer Seite des Klemmabschnitts angeordnet und mit einem Aufnahmeloch versehen ist.</p></li>
</ul>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=DE326402478">link</a></li>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Bipartisanship Lives, and Biden Takes a Bow</strong> - Finally, Infrastructure Week is for real. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-bidens-washington/bipartisanship-lives-and-biden-takes-a-bow">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>After the Lost Cause</strong> - Why are politics so consumed with the past? - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-inquiry/after-the-lost-cause">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Can Congress Insure Fair Elections?</strong> - The legal scholar Rick Hasen discusses the dangers of election subversion and voter suppression. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/can-congress-insure-fair-elections">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Lina Hidalgo’s Political Rise</strong> - The thirty-year-old Houston chief executive is creating a model for how progressives can govern effectively. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/us-journal/lina-hidalgos-political-rise">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Unexplained Phenomena of the U.F.O. Report</strong> - A new intelligence document examines a hundred and forty-three sightings that might have been caused by errant balloons, foreign drones, or “Other”—a reserved way of saying aliens. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/the-unexplained-phenomena-of-the-ufo-report">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Air travel will suck this summer. Blame the airlines’ short-sighted layoffs.</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Travelers wearing protective masks push luggage and line up to check in for JetBlue at JFK Airport." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/9Hn1EBUcHKGoqn6y8ulhb3v4qu4=/277x0:4724x3335/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/69512812/GettyImages_1231950320.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Travel is back, and so are long security lines, unruly passengers, boarding mishaps, and flight delays. | Angus Mordant/Bloomberg via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
American, Delta, and United spent a year laying off workers. Now the airlines need them back.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nFsMoo">
The airlines are no longer desperate. Gone are the pandemic-era flight deals, flexible booking policies, and open middle seats. Millions of Americans are traveling again, as the weather warms (in some parts of the US) and vaccination rates rise. This is cause for optimism. The joys of normal life — summer vacations and guilt-free social gatherings — are on the horizon. But first, the airport.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ovn2NQ">
Travel is back, and so are its all-too-many inconveniences: long security lines, pissed-off passengers, boarding mishaps, and <a href="https://www.newser.com/story/307740/frontier-airlines-is-charging-customers-for-covid-safety.html">random airline fees</a>. It’s not good news for summer travelers, especially those with trips booked around <a href="https://newsroom.aaa.com/2021/06/aaa-more-than-47m-americans-to-celebrate-with-an-independence-day-getaway/">Independence Day</a>, so plan accordingly for all of the above. And it isn’t just that <a href="https://www.npr.org/2021/05/28/1001385922/the-faa-has-seen-a-significantly-higher-number-of-unruly-passenger-reports-in-20">rowdy travelers</a> might be acting up. From a logistical standpoint, things have actually gotten worse.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aBjB3R">
The number of fliers daily in the US is nearly back to pre-pandemic levels, even though business and international travel have been slow to resume. Airlines and airports have struggled to accommodate this influx, which has resulted in longer <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/restricted/?return=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Ftravel%2Fairline-news%2F2021%2F06%2F07%2Fairline-reservation-center-hold-times-long-travel-rebound-pandemic%2F7495967002%2F">customer service wait times</a>, significant flight delays, and sudden cancellations. In some cities, airport concession stands and restaurants aren’t fully staffed or open, leaving stranded travelers with fewer options for food and beverages.
</p>
<div id="G3ZLqO">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
Dropped someone off at the airport before 6AM (Austin). Jammed. Go early.<br/><br/>Also: <a href="https://twitter.com/AmericanAir?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw"><span class="citation" data-cites="AmericanAir">@AmericanAir</span></a> a complete disaster. Canceling flights, terrible service. They took the generous bailout and fired thousands. Would avoid, if possible.
</p>
— Wait Capital (<span class="citation" data-cites="WaitCapital">@WaitCapital</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/WaitCapital/status/1407686300686225410?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">June 23, 2021</a>
</blockquote></div></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7skP1j">
Industry executives have attributed such inconveniences to bad weather and, perhaps more vaguely, “labor shortages.” A May memo from the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) to its employees warned that over 100 of America’s largest airports will <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/transportation/2021/06/09/tsa-checkpoints-summer-travel/">struggle with staffing shortages</a> and asked office workers to assist with airport security on a volunteer basis. Delta’s CEO was concerned about staffing enough <a href="https://www.cnn.com/videos/business/2021/05/13/delta-ceo-ed-bastian-travel-surge-pandemic-qmb.cnnbusiness">contracted workers</a> for the summer. American Airlines recently announced plans to cancel hundreds of flights in July, citing “unprecedented weather,” a spike in travel demand, and a dearth of workers. Skift, a news site on the travel industry, predicted a summer full of <a href="https://skift.com/2021/06/23/u-s-travels-great-summer-of-shortage/">subpar domestic travel experiences</a> — from elbow-to-elbow seating on flights to sold-out destinations — as a result of the labor shortage.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pD7V58">
Republican lawmakers and business leaders have used similar language to describe America’s slow job recovery. They’ve <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2021/05/06/mcconnell-white-house-inflation-workers/">blamed the worker shortage</a> on generous unemployment benefits and stimulus checks, claiming that people would rather stay at home and receive government aid than apply for jobs, a theory rejected by economists. According to the Washington Post’s Heather Long, America is undergoing a “<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/05/07/jobs-report-labor-shortage-analysis/">great reassessment of work</a>,” as people consider changing their industry or seek out higher-paying, stable jobs that are <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/22543409/remote-work-from-home-jobs-supply-demand-hiring-platforms">less public-facing</a>. Regardless of the reason, America’s labor market is still <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2021/6/4/22517956/may-jobs-report-unemployment-rate">far from normal</a>, and certain sectors are recovering at different rates.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nyFkCo">
After a year spent slashing jobs, airlines and aviation subcontractors are now back on the hiring train. It’s not enough to hire back workers; those workers need to undergo training and security clearances. “For airlines, you just don’t go out and hire somebody,” Mike Boyd, an aviation consultant, told <a href="https://finance.yahoo.com/video/labor-shortage-impacting-airlines-summer-192129761.html">Yahoo Finance</a>. “If you’re going to have them work at a ticket counter, they have to have training in hazardous materials and security. You just don’t bring people on real quick. The real issue is [the airlines] had to let somebody go.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0f5WZe">
United’s CEO recently warned of a <a href="https://www.axios.com/united-ceo-america-pilot-shortage-166e566b-1c5b-47fd-869c-5c8ac2a35caa.html">pending pilot shortage</a> as older crew members retire, but it’s not just pilots that are in demand. Airlines and airports are looking to staff a variety of positions, from flight crew and food service workers to customer call staff and gate agents.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Ys4HDV">
The airlines’ response has been akin to a corporate shoulder shrug that sidesteps the industry’s role in fragmenting its workforce, argued Laura Moran, a spokesperson for the Service Employees International Union. “There was a time when most folks — the customer service and wheelchair agents, security officers, cabin cleaners, and baggage handlers — were directly employed by the airlines,” Moran said. “Now, we have a real patchwork of subcontracted workers who perform crucial labor for the airlines.”
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<aside id="DPZH8r">
<q>“We have a real patchwork of subcontracted workers who perform crucial labor for the airlines”</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xBPL87">
Some of these positions were first on the chopping block when travel halted. Thousands of jobs were nixed to stem immediate revenue loss — by airlines, airports, or the vendors they contracted out work. The travel and leisure industry accounted for a staggering <a href="https://www.ustravel.org/press/leisure-hospitality-accounts-whopping-39-jobs-lost-pandemic">39 percent</a> of all US job losses from Covid-19. Airlines cut about <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2020/11/12/us-airline-employment-to-reach-lowest-levels-in-decades-after-pandemic-cuts-90000-jobs.html">90,000 full-time</a>, in-house positions by the end of 2020, including the 30,000 workers they’ve placed on furlough.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6cfAlc">
Workers employed directly by the airlines were promised some job security; domestic carriers received <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2020/3/19/21186792/airline-bailouts-coronavirus-50-billion">billions of dollars in federal aid</a> — $25 billion in April 2020 and $15 billion in December 2020 — predicated on the condition that they would bring back employees or keep them on payroll for a set period of time. But thousands of others in <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/tedreed/2020/05/05/hundreds-of-airport-workers-at-lax-and-sfo-were-just-laid-off-due-to-travel-shortfall/?sh=6723030f1ef9">contracted positions</a>, like cabin cleaners and wheelchair attendants, weren’t offered the same protections. A House investigation revealed that aviation contractors axed <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-treasury-contracto/aviation-contractors-axed-jobs-as-u-s-delayed-aid-house-panel-finds-idUSKBN26U2LY">tens of thousands of jobs</a> — roughly 15 percent of their workforce — even after receiving CARES Act funding for payroll assistance.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="American Airlines food caterers march in line, holding up signs that read “One job should be enough” to protest the lack of health care benefits they receive." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/cTTaXPyn8PnljRk_d08O5WTmgJ0=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22681756/GettyImages_1190302619.jpg"/> <cite>Andrew Lichtenstein/Corbis via Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
American Airlines food caterers, who are employed by airline contractors, rally to demand health care benefits at JFK Airport in 2019.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mkpPGA">
Thus, it’s inaccurate to chalk a diminished passenger experience up to a “labor shortage” without contextualizing the airline industry’s working conditions and standards — and why it’s seemingly unable to summon back tens of thousands of crucial workers. A shortage does little to acknowledge the fluctuations in work consistency and lack of financial security that many have contended with. The industry has long relied on an understaffed and underpaid workforce, with many clocking in on the front lines (which, again, are <a href="https://ktla.com/news/nationworld/flight-attendant-loses-2-teeth-in-assault-by-passenger-after-plane-lands-in-san-diego-union-chief-says/">unusually stressful</a> these days). Yet, airlines have consistently deflected blame toward the vendors and contractors that employ some of these missing workers. It’s a tactic used by major corporations (and the airlines themselves) to <a href="https://newrepublic.com/article/141663/united-states-work">shirk responsibility</a> for low wages and the lack of worker benefits and protections.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2x0NoN">
Airlines work with different vendors to outsource different types of labor, from cleaning to food services to baggage handling. These vendors independently negotiate subcontracting agreements with the airline, Moran explained, which determines workers’ wages and benefits: “The result is a disconnected system of work with no standard wages, and it’s a situation the airlines have created to keep costs down and profits up. It’s unreasonable that low-wage Black and brown workers on the front lines are expected to bear the brunt of these problems when airlines are trying to reach profitability.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ibxUx8">
Now, across the country, it seems there are fewer workers willing to return to an underpaid, unstable job, whether it be in retail, food service, or travel. The work of airport unions and organized labor in recent years have helped <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-02-14/now-arriving-at-america-s-airports-unions?sref=ExbtjcSG">secure better wages</a> for subcontracted employees, but inequities still persist in many cities.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Z1cN5h">
“There isn’t a shortage of workers. There is a shortage of workers wanting to come back to work for poverty wages,” said Elsa Caballero, president of SEIU Texas, whose union represents janitorial, security, and building staff in airports. “Airlines, which are a major employer in Houston, are still paying way below $12 an hour.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EOL9DP">
United, for example, has previously downplayed its relationship to subcontracted airport workers, dismissing its influence over vendors’ pay. In response to a “Fight for $15” protest in 2017, a spokesperson <a href="https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2017/05/24/fight-for-15-minimum-wage-united-airlines-mcdonalds-protests/">emphasized</a> how United does “not have a direct employer-employee relationship with [its] vendors’ employees,” as if that alone absolves the airline from any responsibility.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dkhyi1">
However, airlines <em>do</em> have leverage to raise wages, if they choose to intervene and place pressure on contractors. Workers at Philadelphia International Airport, for example, qualified for a $12 minimum wage after the city passed a “living wage” ordinance in 2014, but subcontracting companies refused to increase their pay rate until American Airlines upped its contract to pay for the discrepancy. American interjected again in 2017, <a href="https://www.inquirer.com/philly/news/philadelphia-airport-workers-union-contract-20180611.html">the Philadelphia Inquirer reported</a>, when contractors refused to bargain with the workers’ union.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WR26f2">
“In Houston, we’ve had to work with the mayor and city officials to create an <a href="https://www.houstontx.gov/mayor/press/living-wage-executive-order.html">executive order</a> to ensure that an airline like United will pay workers a living wage,” Caballero said. “We know airlines can pay more, but they are lowballing the contracts they offer vendors.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="w612OE">
Substantial federal aid has done little to assuage workers’ and union leaders’ fears of further layoffs. Airlines are still searching for ways to keep costs low. United Airlines, for example, told its in-house catering workers earlier this year that it was “<a href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/07/business/united-airlines-workers-protest/index.html">exploring the option</a>” of working with a third-party contractor for its kitchen services, igniting a series of worker protests in April.
</p>
<div id="Fflh9O">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
Representatives learned that <a href="https://twitter.com/united?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw"><span class="citation" data-cites="United">@United</span></a> has issued an RFP to outsource over 2,500 catering jobs in Newark, Cleveland, Denver, Houston &amp; Honolulu, even tho United has already received $7.7 billion from the US gov’t in order to keep workers employed &amp; is able to receive billions more.
</p>
— UNITE HERE ✊ (<span class="citation" data-cites="unitehere">@unitehere</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/unitehere/status/1389353398814842883?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">May 3, 2021</a>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zzHSLS">
Running an airline is a high-cost operation. Slate’s Henry Grabar previously described the industry as “<a href="https://slate.com/business/2020/03/airlines-bailout-coronavirus.html">low-margin, capital-intensive businesses</a>,” which means a company’s cash savings won’t be very helpful during an extensive crisis. ”Capital-intensive means it’s hard to tighten your belt,” Grabar wrote. “You can save some money on fuel and food, but not on labor or rent. You still have to pay banks or leasing companies for your planes. You can’t save those seats for later, or fly twice as many flights when business picks up again. There is no factory to shut down. Even if you ground flights, many costs are fixed.” Customers have been expected to pay additional fees on top of ticket costs for additional luggage, seat selection, and priority boarding. (Fees are also another stream of revenue for airlines, one that is exempt from the <a href="https://www.airlines.org/dataset/government-imposed-taxes-on-air-transportation/">7 percent excise tax</a> on domestic airfare.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="a7lHlI">
Yet, the aviation industry has a long history of generously padding the wallets of its executives, investors, and other shareholders through <a href="https://www.marketwatch.com/story/airlines-and-boeing-want-a-bailout-but-look-how-much-theyve-spent-on-stock-buybacks-2020-03-18">stock buybacks</a> and <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/jackkelly/2020/10/12/after-mismanaging-their-companies-with-stock-buybacks-and-lucrative-ceo-pay-packages-airlines-demand-another-25-billion-from-taxpayers/?sh=126a2f722358">hefty compensation packages</a>. All this, despite being a fundamentally expensive business. So far, they’ve squared that tricky circle by passing costs on to the consumer and neglecting the needs of workers who are central to airline operations.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jgrAQU">
While customer service and labor issues can seem at odds with one another, Caballero argues that improved working conditions can directly affect the passenger experience. Travelers and workers could find solidarity in the fact that they both expect more from airlines. If travelers are being nickel-and-dimed for every expense, where does the additional money go? Research shows that higher pay boosts employee performance and retention; in a place like the airport, in which so many workers are public-facing employees (sometimes dealing with unruly passengers), fair compensation and benefits should be prerequisites.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="l7YDpB">
“This is a consumer issue,” said Caballero. “It affects passengers when airport workers are paid poorly and don’t want to show up, when there’s no one to push a wheelchair or answer questions at the gate. Their work is undervalued, yet it’s incredibly important to passengers.”
</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Welcome to the Gatekeepers Issue of The Highlight</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/NJAMzg41wrPJEl3o2eKxog1ggMg=/240x0:1680x1080/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/69512740/Gatekeepers_Art2_1920x1080.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Illustration by Adam Hayes for Vox
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Music, books, film, and the people who move pop culture forward.
</p>
<div class="c-float-left">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/YYgW4HsU995yniG4Y5QuEoQvF0Y=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/21899595/VOX_The_Highlight_Box_Logo_Horizontal.png"/>
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WlvOXo">
Until a global pandemic gave us the Summer That Wasn’t, there were a few things we could expect from the sultry months between June and September: At least one ubiquitous “song of summer,” an <a href="http://www.thefader.com/2018/07/26/song-of-summer-cardi-b-podcast">earworm</a> that would spill out of ever car, club and radio, for months on end. Flashy, loud, and, often, inane blockbuster films. Concert tours and sprawling festivals. A slate of books vying to be the season’s beach reads.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3jrnEU">
Summer has always been a season of pop cultural happening, a time to reset our tastes and nudge out last year’s sounds and sights for something altogether new.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AdoNqc">
This summer — quickly shaping up to be the Summer That Was — seemed a perfect time to look at the people and forces that shape pop culture: The gatekeepers.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WjUEt8">
In our cover story, Constance Grady looks at the indomitable, and persistently undermined, power of teen girl as arbiters of culture. In just the past year, they have turned TikTok and “Driver’s License” into phenomena and relegated side parts and skinny jeans to the out-of-touch olds. As the culture reconsiders how it has treated young stars including Britney Spears, Grady notes: “Across the pop culture landscape, teen girls —<strong> </strong>as both fans and creators of mass culture<strong> </strong>— are getting more respect now than they would have just five years ago. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/by/taylor-lorenz">The New York Times regularly reports on teen influencers</a>; Forbes puts together respectful write-ups of <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/abrambrown/2020/08/06/tiktoks-highest-earning-stars-teen-queens-addison-rae-and-charli-damelio-rule/?sh=4b3fc97f5087">the money to be made with the teens on TikTok</a>.” But are teen girls finally getting their due, or have they simply become the targets of a crass cash grab?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mYxLeN">
Charlie Harding, the co-host of the Switched on Pop podcast, explores what may be a monumental shift in the music business: Hit songs have somehow come to obscure the very singers belting them out. Blame streaming services’ playlists, which have created a “lean back” experience for listeners, allowing them to enjoy a tune without ever connecting with an artist, and leaving artists struggling to stand out from the crowd.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="U3usxE">
But sometimes, the ultimate gatekeeper is us: It was in the case of writer Isabel Fall, whose short story, “I Sexually Identify as an Attack Helicopter,” might have remained a niche sci-fi tale if not for the Twitter maelstrom that enveloped it shortly after it published last year. How can a Twitter hoard undo a writer, or make it unsafe for art? In correspondence with Vox’s Emily VanDerWerff, Fall shares her story, and how she has tried to keep her work alive.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3IC7jn">
And finally: Film critic Carlos Aguilar explores the world of cultural criticism, which remains largely white and male. “A self-taught, undocumented Latino for whom English is a second language isn’t the prototype of a critic in this country,” he writes. But the effect isn’t felt just by wannabe critics; the sameness of critics contributes to a sameness of perspective, he writes, dulling dynamic conversations around art. Meanwhile, cartoonist Sam Nakahira explores the surprising political forces that practically willed K-pop into a global phenomenon.
</p>
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="wMb0j4"/>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="A photo collage of girls and products." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/yD1IvDhgkTA5AiXzft8MRvHmGgY=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22679066/vox_teen_girls_page_2_final__1_.jpeg"/> <cite>Beth Hoeckel for Vox/Getty Images</cite>
</figure>
<h3 id="wa5NA8">
<a href="https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/22352860/teenage-girls-pop-culture-tiktok-olivia-rodrigo-addison-rae">Who runs the world? Not teen girls. </a>
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Y5KZI7">
They shape everything from what we listen to to how we part our hair. Will we ever give them the respect they deserve?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AzzJhZ">
By Constance Grady
</p>
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="1RbAjv"/>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/v1wh-dUxVIidh3yEbQwrlvHWywY=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22679079/Green_bars_full_color_sized.jpeg"/>
</figure>
<h3 id="MUdxYK">
The pop star versus the playlist<strong> </strong>(coming Tuesday)
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dpzmSF">
Streaming services’ playlists make it easier for listeners to find music worth playing. But experts say they’re also breaking fans’ relationships with artists.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZB1TB6">
By Charlie Harding
</p>
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="WaospZ"/>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="An illustration of a helicopter burning with a man carrying a rocket launcher in the foreground." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/eWdozc1J1qvDVTbvapdT7iK8AIA=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22679108/GettyImages_840299164.jpeg"/> <cite>Getty Images/iStockphoto</cite>
</figure>
<h3 id="PxqAIA">
How Twitter can ruin a life<strong> </strong>(coming Wednesday)
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Cf6UuT">
Isabel Fall’s sci-fi story “I Sexually Identify as an Attack Helicopter” drew the ire of the internet. This is what happened next.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="u0N6jC">
By Emily VanDerWerf
</p>
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="qma417"/>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="Illustration of a theater full of critics, mostly white men with few people of color." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/rorSOzWzJb4A6MYENBUjgackn3c=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22679114/Vox_Cinema_VOX_3000_pixels_by_1688_300_dpi.jpeg"/> <cite>Michelle Rohn for Vox</cite>
</figure>
<h3 id="Awa8dy">
Who gets to be a critic? (coming Thursday)
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sWsVtV">
I never believed I could be one. That’s the problem.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bnT5hJ">
By Carlos Aguilar
</p>
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="02df3W"/>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="An illustration of a K-pop act." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/bwIQVO3EyIHfnJYKSxPMsC8KO0E=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22679127/p.6.png"/> <cite>Sam Nakahira for Vox</cite>
</figure>
<h3 id="Jh8pd6">
The surprisingly political history of K-pop<strong> </strong>(coming Friday)
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mQMHT4">
The influence of the “wave” of Korean music and film on global culture was no accident.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iBo9fp">
By Sam Nakahira
</p></li>
<li><strong>What the American dream looks like for immigrants</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Immigrants from all over the world climb up a set of suitcases to reach a house with an American flag" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Buyim8ZvtyG6EU2Nky9kuQw2fZI=/375x0:2626x1688/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/69512699/Vox_ImmigrantAmericanDream_Final_LEAD.0.jpg"/>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Upward mobility is common for the millions who come to the US. But there’s a lot more to the story.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="d30SYe">
Over the past 40 years, the prospect of achieving or maintaining a foothold in the middle class has faded for millions of Americans. Blame stagnant wages, the <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22166381/hollow-middle-class-american-dream">ever-increasing cost of living</a>, <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22297809/student-loan-debt-cancel-forgiveness-middle-class">massive student debt</a>, and the narrowing of once all-but-guaranteed routes — like, say, a good union job — to economic stability. Millennials, as a whole, are the first generation predicted to be worse off than their parents. A<a href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/356/6336/398"> 2017 study</a> found that a staggering 90 percent of children born in 1940 earned more than their parents did at age 30; for children born in 1984, that percentage has declined to just 50 percent.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yerjJl">
But there’s a complicated, competing reality at work for recent immigrants to the United States and their children, the majority of whom are currently living some version of the American dream. Or, more precisely, the upward mobility component of that dream: the idea that hard work will lead to increased stability and class position for the next generation.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="w8hV6r">
A <a href="https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w26408/w26408.pdf">massive study</a> by the National Bureau of Economic Research, published in 2019, examined millions of father-son pairs of immigrants over the last century. The authors found that <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/11/1/20942642/study-paper-american-dream-economic-mobility-immigrant-income-boustan-abramitzky-jacome-perez">children of immigrants have higher rates of upward mobility</a> than the children of those born in the US. More significantly, they found that shifts in immigration policy and country of origin have not altered the pattern — and that it holds true whether the first generation was poor (in the bottom 25th percentile of income distribution) or relatively well-off (in the top 25th percentile).
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ItCUu6">
What happens after that second generation is more complicated, but that initial immigrant upward mobility, when gains are acutely felt? It’s still there, even as the once-consistent class mobility of Americans three, four, five, or six generations removed from their ancestors’ original migration <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/blog/social-mobility-memos/2018/06/05/seven-reasons-to-worry-about-the-american-middle-class/">has stalled</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7xje7w">
For those who’ve personally watched upward mobility work within their families, the promises of the American dream often feel like promises kept. Hard work and education led to significantly better outcomes for their children, with more stability for the entire family. There’s a lot more to these stories, however, particularly to the way second-generation immigrants conceive of their place on the class ladder.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OxBIY5">
Speaking with first- and second-generation immigrants from more than a dozen “sending” countries over the past month, it’s clear there’s a shared desire to have bigger, more nuanced discussions of the immigrant experience of the American dream — conversations that attend to the specific contexts that so often get swallowed within the label of “immigrant,” alternately portrayed as a problem (<a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/22346509/humanitarian-border-crisis-biden-unaccompanied-children">overwhelming the border</a>, sucking up governmental resources, <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-big-idea/2017/6/23/15855342/immigrants-wages-trump-economics-mariel-boatlift-hispanic-cuban">taking American jobs</a>) or a <a href="https://www.vox.com/first-person/2017/5/1/15426166/model-minority-myth-immigration">model success story</a>, with very little, if any, attention to the paths that open or close to migrants from different home countries and circumstances, from different racial and educational backgrounds, with profoundly different levels of societal and governmental support.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ncIbbR">
Between 2005 and 2050, the US is <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/hispanic/2008/02/11/us-population-projections-2005-2050/">projected to add</a> 117 million people as a result of new immigration — a stunning 82 percent of the population growth. That’s 67 million incoming immigrants, 47 million of their children, and 3 million grandchildren. These new immigrants and their descendants will shape the future of this country. They know, arguably better than those who are native born, where the roadblocks to stability are located: where the pain resides, where the trajectory loses steam, where outdated hierarchies and good old-fashioned racism work to exclude them. They see what’s lost every time the narrative of the middle class remains, implicitly or not, the narrative of the <em>white</em> middle class.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LRVuZl">
As a second-generation immigrant named Elle told me, immigrants are just enough removed from the American status quo that leads people to believe they have a right to a place in the middle class. They can, in her words, “see the entire landscape of potential outcomes, upturns, and downturns.” There’s invaluable perspective there. Below, Elle and six other first- and second-generation immigrants share what they’ve come to understand about the middle-class American dream.
</p>
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="FtkPQV"/>
<h3 id="jdIfdo">
Dharushana Muthulingam, age 38
</h3>
<h4 id="5Wh1U7">
Family moved from Sri Lanka to Los Angeles via the UK in the 1980s
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="a1Dspv">
My parents are originally from Sri Lanka. They moved to the UK, where I was born; then the still-ongoing civil war broke out. Most of my extended family made it to various refugee camps and then settled all over the globe.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dDMGji">
Money was short growing up, and the shortage was a source of discord. It was explicit that financial security was the priority, and the jobs that achieved security were physician, engineer, lawyer. My parents owned several small businesses, like many immigrant parents, but when they imagined the success of their children, it was one of these “respectable” professions. It was security: mine and theirs. Like most of the world, they do not have a 401(k) — children are the retirement plan. I remember being rebuked if I said I wanted to be a rock star or mailman. I said I wanted to be a writer, and was told I could be a writer after I became a doctor.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right c-float-hang">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="A hand stamps an immigration form next to a graduation hat, a set of house keys, and an American passport" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/GP5Y6R-VRpv2YxyZWZpMCMo0MlI=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22679082/Vox_ImmigrantAmericanDream_Final_SPOT2.jpg"/>
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DwnN0e">
So I went to college. I went to medical school. I got married. I had two children. I have a mortgage. I bought a minivan. Check, check, check. I worked very, very hard. My brain and body and soul broke multiple times. American medical training is stupidly hellacious. It’s thoroughly populated by either individuals from multigenerational physician families — they navigated the culture with ease, had their rent covered — or the other strivers like me, trying to mobilize out of their class, scraping together the fees to take tests and do applications. I went to some of the best institutions in the world, where I spent a lot of time crying in the financial aid office.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Wg2Wnd">
In order to use education as a tool for class mobility, well, you get educated in the process. I deeply absorbed the Western liberal ideology of the educated middle class. I absorbed the particulars of the American caste system while going deeply into debt for the process, looking at my brown femme face in the mirror every day while trying to convince others to pronounce my long foreign name.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="r9S7TD">
When we say “middle-class experience in the United States” usually we are talking about a very particular white middle-class experience in the United States. That is the one on TV, the one that runs the universities, the cultural experiences, and brokers the power. It is weird because growing up in California suburbs, there were actually a lot of middle-class people of color, so my lived experience is different, but I embraced the pop culture portrayal of the American suburb. It’s insidious, divisive, and warping and leads to toxic shit like the “model minority” fallacy and respectability politics that degrades your soul.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dokTzR">
It’s important for people to know that Asian immigrants are very heterogeneous. Many of the people who got here in the ’70s and ’80s for the first nonwhite expansion of immigration to the US since the Chinese Exclusion Act were professionals: doctors, engineers, grad students. But the majority of Asian immigrants are not necessarily professionals or highly educated.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VZxbtN">
I am deep in a midlife crisis reevaluating everything I thought about my goals to get in the middle class. But you know, sometimes I am fucking proud. In the remote LA suburb where I grew up, we would get doughnuts. My dad would chitchat with the owner, who was a Laotian refugee. They would each brag about their kids. The doughnut store guy’s kid was at Yale Law or something. and this was supposed to be it. The American dream. Two guys who fled war — and my dad, who grew up as a subsistence farmer in a thatched-roof hut, whose mother could not read — these guys sent their kids to the most powerful institutions in the most powerful country. You still sometimes want nothing more than to make your parents happy, because you know on a very deep level how much they have struggled. You want to bring them all the riches and prizes of the world.
</p>
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="jDIPt7"/>
<h3 id="HyIrLr">
Ana Maria, age 45
</h3>
<h4 id="J1AWxT">
Parents arrived in Los Angeles from Mexico in the early 1960s
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MMMwGD">
We didn’t talk about our class position. Growing up, when my brother or I asked for toys, restaurant visits, candy, we got used to hearing “no hay dinero” — there’s no money for that.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="trtw93">
Our parents didn’t talk to us about aspirational goals; work is just what you did to keep yourself alive. My mother’s nickname for me as a young girl was “mi trabajadora,” essentially “my hard little worker.” In my family, making it meant working in an office. When my mother described her goals for me, they amounted to going to college and getting a job in an office. To this day, though I lead product, design, and engineering teams to build software and websites used by millions around the world, I describe my job as “in an office, with computers.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AX61l5">
I see myself constantly fighting a battle between Enough and More.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="obrpPc">
On the side of Enough: the realization that my annual contribution to retirement accounts is seven times my family’s annual income. Haven’t I made it? And then there’s the Enough prescribed by bloggers and influencers who want us to set aside the rat race and the comparison game, accompanied by the creeping feeling that I embody too many “other” categories in the world of tech bros — too female, too brown, too Mexican, too old, too nontechnical, “too nice” — to keep advancing.
</p>
<div class="c-float-left c-float-hang">
<aside id="m4JGL4">
<q>“I see myself constantly fighting a battle between Enough and More”</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="E1CLZP">
On the side of More: the driving need to use my gifts and brain and skills. The desire to be the role model I never had — the Latina in tech, in a large leadership role — to inspire the younger Ana Marias out there. The drumbeat in my head after years of coaching, therapy, accountability partners, and an encouraging husband is: Why not me?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DP48y0">
And in the messy middle between Enough and More: an inkling that I might check the right boxes with all my “otherness” and that may open a door, but do I want to go through that door? The recognition that I can dream of wanting more only when I frame it as focused on other people — retirement with my husband, support for my mother, giving to causes, being in a position to lift up other Latinas — which makes me look at myself with a raised eyebrow and a “seriously?!”
</p>
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="GT5FnV"/>
<h3 id="oJ8ZTp">
Melody, age 25
</h3>
<h4 id="4EOlzQ">
<strong>Parents arrived in Columbus, Ohio, from Ghana in the 1990s</strong>
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rJiSbD">
My parents were recipients of President Clinton’s visa lottery. My dad came to the United States first, at the beginning of 1997, and me and my mom arrived in May of that same year. They chose Ohio because they had a lot of friends who had also emigrated from Ghana who lived there.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cfj60u">
Both of my parents had to start over when they came to the United States. My mom went to nursing school and became an RN. My dad worked as a forklift operator at the Limited for 10 years, and then he went back to school and got his nursing degree. Me, my brother, and my parents lived in a two-bedroom apartment in Columbus, Ohio. When I was in third grade, my parents bought a $300,000 house in a suburb with a great public school system. A lot of their friends who immigrated also ended up buying homes and moving to well-off suburbs.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RbVRnO">
I feel like my parents bought into the idea of the American dream, and perhaps still do a little bit. They were able to achieve that dream: Buy a home in a nice suburb with a good school system for their three kids, send us to college, and give us a good life.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right c-float-hang">
<aside id="3Z9l0B">
<q>“They were able to achieve that dream: Buy a home in a nice suburb with a good school system for their three kids, send us to college, and give us a good life”</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rX2fBz">
But I do think [that] as we all get older, we realize the other factors that played a role in this success. My parents didn’t have to pay for child care; there was another Ghanaian woman who lived in our apartment complex, and she would watch me and my brother when my parents weren’t home. They had a strong support system since many of their friends immigrated to Ohio from Ghana. My parents are really religious, so the church was also a site of refuge for them. Ohio has a fairly low cost of living compared to other parts of the country, and once my mom graduated from nursing school, she got a union job, which pays very well and has amazing benefits. My father’s job at the Limited also paid a decent wage and had good benefits, including free clothes gifted by the company.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="N4tLfK">
I think the African immigrant experience as a whole isn’t discussed, and when it is, there’s not a ton of discussion about the systemic factors that contribute to the success of African immigrants and their children. We don’t have the generational trauma that Black Americans carry with them, which, in my opinion, makes a huge psychological difference.
</p>
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="SXrRmb"/>
<h3 id="7TuT5Z">
Christina Hernandez, age 29
</h3>
<h4 id="rVko1A">
Grandmother arrived from Cuba pregnant with Christina’s father in the early 1960s
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FGJiwI">
My mom comes from a solidly middle-class white family with roots in the US going back to the late 1800s or early 1900s. My dad’s side of the family is from Cuba. My abuela [immigrated] to Miami after the Cuban revolution because she was pregnant with my father and didn’t want him to be born in a communist country. My abuelo followed about a year later as an asylum seeker. My grandparents were white, middle-class Cubans.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pDfpqO">
My parents are both educators who met as high school teachers and are now both professors. When I was a kid, we moved to New Jersey so that my dad could do his PhD; my mom made sure we chose a town that had really good public school ratings. That meant that they couldn’t afford a house, and we lived in a two-bedroom apartment. We lived in the same apartment for about seven years, and we always had enough to eat, but fun stuff was really carefully budgeted. As an 8-year-old, I was very aware of financial stresses and my parents’ deteriorating marriage.
</p>
<div class="c-float-left c-float-hang">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="A girl climbs a ladder, with a map of the United States dotted with houses in the background" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/FeHMdbFh3_IUp1seecxhK1zorOg=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22679113/Vox_ImmigrantAmericanDream_Final_SPOT1.jpg"/>
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uB7xOq">
My parents instilled the idea that working hard was the answer. My dad is a perfectionist, and so am I. After my dad got his professor job and my parents split up, my dad remarried and was able to buy a house when I was about 12 or 13. My mom didn’t buy property until I was in college, and it’s a condo rather than a house. I think I absorbed messages about how the choices we make financially and for our education and about children … have repercussions that can last decades.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dsxJ06">
I also don’t want to make the choices my parents made. I don’t want to rush into having children — I’m now older than both of them were when I was born — and I have been very aggressive about paying off debt. I have internalized the message that middle-class status is nonexistent or extremely precarious, and as a result, I’m frugal to a fault.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zJJg2A">
I have a very strong sense of what I think is “enough,” and my impression moving through the world as an adult is that my idea of enough is a lot less than what other white people think is enough. For me, stability is having a retirement fund and health insurance, and enough savings that I can replace my laptop or buy a plane ticket without any notice when a relative is sick or dying. Middle-class life means that I do now go on vacation, but even then, my boyfriend and I would rather go backpacking in the wilderness than visit a resort.
</p>
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="WVsOu6"/>
<h3 id="cp1ZIr">
Rajika Bhandari, age 50
</h3>
<h4 id="2zxax8">
Arrived in North Carolina from India for graduate school in the 1990s
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wkMxUQ">
When you’re an immigrant coming from another country where you may be middle class or upper-middle class and privileged in many ways, you lose that status when you move to the US. All of that social capital that you and your family may have accumulated over the years, and that opened doors for you in your home country, that was your safety net — that no longer exists. No one in your new country knows what your background is. The new culture doesn’t know what to make of you. Back in India, my family was by no means wealthy, but we had a high social status because of education, because my parents had been to some of India’s top schools and colleges. That carried with it a real weight but was not acknowledged or known in the US.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4mIoZN">
I’ve noticed this within my community, but I also think this is even more true for other immigrant groups: There’s a desire to align with the dominant group in the US, which is white Americans. For Indian Americans, this is very much about getting the right degrees, sending your kids to the right college, living in the right neighborhoods — this desire to align with a dominant group that represents that middle-class status that you’ve lost. During the Black Lives Matter protests last year was the first time I saw South Asians and Indian immigrants standing up along with their Black friends. For the first time, the blinders came off, and there was this realization that we might think that we’re upper-middle class, we’ve obtained the American dream, our kids go to Ivies, but in the eyes of the majority, we’re just another brown person.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right c-float-hang">
<aside id="stLlro">
<q>“There’s this feeling of being straitjacketed, you can’t move, you can’t breathe, otherwise you’ll fall out of legal status”</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RBNsIG">
If you talk to the average American, there isn’t a good understanding of higher education and the immigration pipeline. They will not know that international students contribute <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2020/08/20/international-students-and-how-they-matter-to-the-us-economy.html">$45 billion</a> to the US. There might be an understanding that there are these students in the US, but it’s that they’re taking away “our” seats in college and then in the workplace.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="d3XIAq">
Writing my book [<a href="https://www.rajikabhandari.com/america-calling-the-book"><em>America Calling: A Foreign Student in a Country of Possibility</em></a>] really came out of trying to fill this knowledge gap, especially because the legal pathway to citizenship is so poorly understood: how challenging it is, how much it controls the life of an individual who’s going through it. People think it’s not a big deal — they’re following the legal pathways, they’re living these nice lives, but what it has taken for people to get on these pathways, to get to these points, it’s staggering. There’s this feeling of being straitjacketed, you can’t move, you can’t breathe, otherwise you’ll fall out of legal status. It’s a slow-level suffocation.
</p>
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="RAjgDg"/>
<h3 id="Uj2Dwg">
Ashley Valdez Jones, age 27
</h3>
<h4 id="94Xjct">
Mother became a naturalized American citizen in Nogales, Arizona, when she turned 18
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Yzap4G">
My father was <em>Leave It to Beaver</em> white Irish Catholic. His side of the family has been in the country for generations. My mom grew up in Nogales, Arizona, a town that straddles the US-Mexico border. Her family had lived in the States for years, but my grandma had all 13 of her children across the line in Nogales, Sonora, because she didn’t trust American doctors. We joke that she reverse anchor-babied. My mom became a naturalized American citizen when she turned 18.
</p>
<div class="c-float-left c-float-hang">
<aside id="emf1W6">
<q>“The message I internalized was that the only way to achieve the American dream was to become white”</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uhO44r">
According to my dad, we were “comfortable.” He didn’t talk about class explicitly but focused on middle-class accomplishments: building a home, international family trips, a boat. My mom talked about class only to explain why her side of the family had less and why so many of my cousins wore my hand-me-downs. As a child, my understanding was that all Mexican people were poorer than all white people, because that’s how things shook out in my family.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Wz0Qdf">
The story I got was that my mom escaped poverty, and being Mexican, by marrying a white guy. We were never close to her side of the family, and as a child, I thought it was because we weren’t like them and implicitly above them in class. The message I internalized was that the only way to achieve the American dream was to become white.
</p>
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="lsRAeH"/>
<h3 id="BTIgot">
Elle, age 30
</h3>
<h4 id="NRkyxA">
Immigrated to New York from Bangladesh via the Middle East in the mid-1990s
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QPCzyz">
We started out in a tiny New York City apartment that was crawling with cockroaches, so I had the general sense that money was tight. Everyone we knew at the time was also a part of the immigrant community, also making ends meet, so I never really felt like we were under pressure to “keep up with the Joneses” in any particular way. It was never explicitly stated to us as kids, but looking back, it was obvious that my dad as the breadwinner had the goal of advancing his career in order to make the kind of money doctors can<em> </em>make in the US.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FYzKTV">
I had absolutely no class consciousness until we left New York City for the suburbs. That was my introduction to the hallmarks of American middle-class life: bowling alley birthday parties, sleepover invites, Lunchables and string cheese, minivans, playsets in the backyard, after-school extracurriculars, piles of presents at Christmas, summer camps, annual stays at the lake house or a beachfront property. All of this confused me since my family’s social circle still cleaved pretty strongly to immigrant communities where none of this stuff mattered, and yet I still wanted it. I got very used to hearing “no”: no to the Barbie Dreamhouse set, a definitive no to all the sleepover invites, an “absolutely not” to most processed American food. Disney was the only thing that cracked through.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="auKfYg">
The long-term indicator of middle-class comfort was getting to eat out at restaurants more regularly. That was absolutely unheard of for our family for many years, but it morphed into a treat and then to a natural cost to account for whenever we were not at home. What used to be a major restriction and stressor is now a relief and a joy. All aspirational goals and material markers of progress aside, I don’t think we ever felt like “we made it” until we became US citizens. That took almost two decades of switching visas and seeking employer sponsorship and winding our way through the immigration process that no born American has to think about.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right c-float-hang">
<aside id="lQXxyd">
<q>“People realize too late what they’re giving up by moving away, or that the life they lead abroad is much harder than they anticipated”</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="G6bUGd">
You could definitely make the argument that we followed the American dream to a T, just by looking at the ways our spending habits changed over time. We went from a used car to a nicer car to several cars; from shittier apartments to nicer apartments to a house. Rather than buying into the American dream wholesale, however, I think we were just following the path parallel to the American dream that many South Asians who aspire to become expats have internalized: Study and/or work hard so you can get out at all costs.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Vv3nXC">
That mentality is obviously not unique to immigrants alone, but it is distinct to us in that “getting out” at its core has very little to do with attaining the material markers of progress most Americans would associate with a successful middle-class life. Many of our contemporaries, both my parents’ age and my own, are happy to be “out” in any way, shape, or form. The assumption is that whatever is “out there” (Western Europe, North America, more prosperous parts of Asia, the Gulf) is automatically better than what is “in here” (your country of origin).
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="t0dDwo">
There is truth to this, of course, but as an idea, it can end up being as hollow as the American dream. People realize too late what they’re giving up by moving away, or that the life they lead abroad is much harder than they anticipated.
</p>
<p class="c-end-para" data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="60KdW4">
Something I have to remind myself a lot — because no discussion of the American middle class seems to say so — is that no one’s journey to the middle class is guaranteed or even at all certain. Perhaps it feels more obvious to me simply because there are members of the immigrant community who are never able to make their professional degrees count in their new homes, or people who predate our arrival in this country whose ceaseless hard work never translated into salaried or white-collar jobs that might let them rest a bit more. Today, I think the precariousness of the middle class is a pretty universal phenomenon regardless of which path one took to achieve middle-class status. That might just be the effect of trying to be middle class in America — it swallows you whole.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UGBe8P">
<em>If you’d like to share your experience as part of the hollow middle class with The Goods, email </em><a href="mailto:annehelenpetersen@vox.com"><em>annehelenpetersen@vox.com</em></a><em> or fill out </em><a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScc-Rm_NMsyRPfevs25lhxHFoq2k72fwxyhGpgEOpWbSxZjoQ/viewform?gxids=7628"><em>this form</em></a><em>.</em>
</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Deepika Kumari reclaims world no.1 ranking after hat-trick of gold medals at Archery World Cup Stage 3</strong> - Overall, she has nine gold, 12 silver and seven bronze medals in the World Cup.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Three Sri Lanka cricketers suspended for bio-bubble breach in England</strong> - Batsman Kusal Mendis, Danushka Gunathilaka and wicketkeeper Niroshan Dickwella were seen roaming the streets of Durham after the final T20 international on Sunday night</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>T20 World Cup to be shifted from India to UAE: Sourav Ganguly</strong> - The T20 World Cup scheduled to be held in India is being shifted to the UAE owing to the health safety concerns posed by COVID-19, BCCI President Sou</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>South Africa beats West Indies by 16 runs in 2nd T20</strong> - Only 24 hours after losing the opening match by eight wickets, an unchanged South Africa lineup produced an improved but still imperfect bowling and fielding performance</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Diksha finishes 4th in Czech Ladies after a superb 66 in final round</strong> - Diksha Dagar registered her best result in almost two-and-a-half years with a superb Tied-4th place finish with a flawless final round of 6-under 66</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Militant killed in ongoing Srinagar encounter</strong> - Top commander of Lashkar-e-Taiba arrested near operation site</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>P. Sainath awarded 2021 Fukuoka Prize</strong> - Selected for the Grand Prize for promoting civil cooperation through his writing</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>No scientific data so far to show Delta plus variant adversely impacts vaccine efficacy, says Paul</strong> - Currently, three COVID vaccines — Covaxin, Covishield and Sputnik-V — are being used for inoculation in India.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Finance Ministry stimulus package | Free visas to 5 lakh tourists, financial support for tourism sector</strong> - Financial support would be provided to more than 11,000 registered tourist guides, travel and tourism stakeholders.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pandemic spurs revamp of iconic Byculla hospital</strong> - Established over a century ago, the Masina Hospital is upgrading infrastructure and facilities across the board for a better patient experience.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>France elections: Far-right National Rally fails in key regional battles</strong> - Marine Le Pen’s National Rally had hoped to win a regional powerbase ahead of next year’s election.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Portugal makes unvaccinated UK people quarantine</strong> - UK travellers will have to quarantine for 14 days while Germany wants EU to step up restrictions.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>UK classified government papers found at bus stop</strong> - The papers contain details about UK warship HMS Defender and the British military.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Netherlands 0-2 Czech Republic: Tomas Holes and Patrik Schick goals shock Dutch</strong> - The Czech Republic shock 10-man Netherlands to book their place in the quarter-finals of the European Championship.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Belgium v Portugal: Thorgan Hazard strike sets up quarter-final with Italy</strong> - Belgium edge out Portugal in Seville as Thorgan Hazard’s smart strike proves enough to reach the quarter-finals of Euro 2020.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>On-road and off-road in the all-new Ford Bronco</strong> - There’s a dizzying combination of configurations, but they all feel unstoppable. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1776585">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Google launches a new medical app—outside the United States</strong> - The dermatology AI app won approval for use in the EU but not with the FDA. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1776504">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SolarWinds hackers breach new victims, including a Microsoft support agent</strong> - Discovery came as Microsoft was investigating new breaches by the same hacker group. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1776577">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>All the major players spent time in the Denisovan cave</strong> - Even the sediment in the floor of Denisova Cave has a story to tell. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1776421">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Circling—or cycling—the track at F1’s famous Circuit of the Americas</strong> - Be warned: Calves needed to climb all 133 feet of Turn 1 if you’re using a road bike. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1775718">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>“Dad what is the difference between realistically and hypothetically speaking?”</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
-Well son, go and ask your mom and sister if they would have sex with a stranger for 1 million dollars
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
-But why dad, how is this going to answer my question?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
</p><ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Just do it!
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"></p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
After a few minutes the son returns to his dad..
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
-Hey dad,both said they would accept the 1 million dollars offer for sex
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
-Therefore son, hypothetically speaking we could have 2 million dollars, but realistically speaking we only have two hookers in the house.
</p>
</li></ul></div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Sicilian_d_8"> /u/Sicilian_d_8 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/o95nm6/dad_what_is_the_difference_between_realistically/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/o95nm6/dad_what_is_the_difference_between_realistically/">[comments]</a></span></li>
</ul>
<li><strong>So i asked a ouija board for the name of my future wife</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Wtf kinda name is hahaha
</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/gamerguy029"> /u/gamerguy029 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/o9dayi/so_i_asked_a_ouija_board_for_the_name_of_my/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/o9dayi/so_i_asked_a_ouija_board_for_the_name_of_my/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>TIL Albert Einstein really existed</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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I thought he was a theoretical physicist.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/CowardlyVelociraptor"> /u/CowardlyVelociraptor </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/o993a8/til_albert_einstein_really_existed/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/o993a8/til_albert_einstein_really_existed/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>Nurse in a care home walked past one of the bedrooms She sees an elderly lady sucking on her husbands penis.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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She came in and said “Mrs Philips, you can’t do that.”
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“Why not?” She asked, “I enjoy doing it.”
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“Yes.” She replied, “but it was meant to be buried with the rest of him.”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/YZXFILE"> /u/YZXFILE </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/o9429u/nurse_in_a_care_home_walked_past_one_of_the/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/o9429u/nurse_in_a_care_home_walked_past_one_of_the/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>Three sisters die in a car crash.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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Three sister die in a car crash. All three sisters make it up to heaven where they are greeted by God himself. God opens the pearly gates to reveal ducks everywhere
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God says “Welcome to heaven, there is only one rule here. The only thing you can not do is step on any of the ducks so you must always watch your step.”
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The sisters are very cautious throughout their first days there, however the oldest sister accidentally steps on a duck. God then came waking up with this ugly man and handcuffed the man to the oldest sister. God said “As a punishment for stepping on A duck you will have to spend the rest of eternity with this man.” The other sisters knowing the punishment take extra caution over the next couple of days. Unfortunately the middle sister could not avoid it anymore and accidentally stepped on a duck. Again god walked up and handcuffed a hideous man to the middle sister for eternity. The youngest sister made sure to always watch her step and after about a month or so god came walking up to her with an attractive young man and handcuffed them together. God then started to walk away when the youngest sister stoped him and said “ But god, I did not step on a duck” To which god replied “Yes, but he did”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/riottheunicorn"> /u/riottheunicorn </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/o94svl/three_sisters_die_in_a_car_crash/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/o94svl/three_sisters_die_in_a_car_crash/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
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