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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>The Usual Suspects: How psychological motives and thinking styles predict the endorsement of well-known and COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs</strong> -
<div>
Research on belief in conspiracy theories identified many predictors, but often failed to investigate them together. In the present study, we tested how the most important predictors of beliefs in conspiracy theories explain endorsing COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 conspiracy theories, and conspiracy mentality. Apart from these three measures of conspiratorial thinking, participants (N = 354) completed several measures of epistemic, existential, and social psychological motives, as well as cognitive processing variables. While many predictors had significant correlations, only three consistently explained conspiratorial beliefs when included in one model: higher spirituality (the most important predictor), higher narcissism, and lower analytical thinking. Compared to the other two conspiratorial measures, predictors less explained belief in COVID-19 conspiracy theories, but this depended on items’ content. We conclude that the same predictors apply to belief in both COVID and non-COVID conspiracies, and identify spirituality as an important, but previously overlooked contributor to such beliefs.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/ys8jr/" target="_blank">The Usual Suspects: How psychological motives and thinking styles predict the endorsement of well-known and COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The Care Burden During COVID-19: A National Database of Child Care Closures in the United States</strong> -
<div>
Access to child care centers reduces the care burden of parents, promotes child development, and creates employment opportunities. During the COVID-19 pandemic, however, many child care centers closed due to capacity restrictions and declining demand for in-person care. This study uses anonymized and aggregated mobile phone data to track year-over-year changes in visits to child care centers across most counties in the U.S. during each month of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings reveal that two-thirds of child care centers closed in April 2020, while one-third remained closed in April 2021. Moreover, we find that non-White families are more likely to be exposed to child care closures than White families. Our findings point to widening inequalities in access to child care and potential inequalities in the pace of labor market recovery after the pandemic subsides. We make our monthly-updated database on child care closures publicly available for use in future research.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/t5d3q/" target="_blank">The Care Burden During COVID-19: A National Database of Child Care Closures in the United States</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Perceived COVID-19 risk is attenuated by ingroup trust: Evidence from three empirical studies</strong> -
<div>
Background: The social identity model of risk taking proposes that people take more risks with ingroup members because they trust them more. While this can be beneficial in some circumstances, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic it has the potential to undermine an effective public health response if people underestimate the risk of contagion posed by ingroup members, or overestimate the risk of vaccines or treatments developed by outgroup members. Methods: Three studies (two prospective surveys, one experiment) with community-based adults tested the potential for the social identity model of risk taking to explain risk perception and risk taking in the context of COVID-19. Results: Study 1 was a two-wave study with a pre-COVID baseline, and found that people who identified more strongly as a member of their neighborhood pre-COVID tended to trust their neighbors more, and perceive interacting with them during COVID-19 lockdown to be less risky. Study 2 (N=2033) replicated these findings in a two-wave nationally representative Australian sample. Study 3 (N=216) was a pre-registered experiment which found that people indicated greater willingness to take a vaccine, and perceived it to be less risky, when it was developed by an ingroup compared to an outgroup source. We interpret this as evidence that the tendency to trust ingroup members more could be harnessed to enhance the COVID-19 response. Conclusions: Across all three studies, ingroup members were trusted more and were perceived to pose less health risk. These findings are discussed with a focus on how group processes can be more effectively incorporated into public health policy, both for the current pandemic and for future contagious disease threats.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/94sd3/" target="_blank">Perceived COVID-19 risk is attenuated by ingroup trust: Evidence from three empirical studies</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Plasmacytoid dendritic cells produce type I interferon and reduce viral replication in airway epithelial cells after SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> -
<div>
Infection with SARS-CoV-2 has caused a pandemic of unprecedented dimensions. SARS-CoV-2 infects airway and lung cells causing viral pneumonia. The importance of type I interferon (IFN) production for the control of SARS-CoV-2 infection is highlighted by the increased severity of COVID-19 in patients with inborn errors of type I IFN response or auto-antibodies against IFN-. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a unique immune cell population specialized in recognizing and controlling viral infections through the production of high concentrations of type I IFN. In this study, we isolated pDCs from healthy donors and showed that pDCs are able to recognize SARS-CoV-2 and rapidly produce large amounts of type I IFN. Sensing of SARS-CoV-2 by pDCs was independent of viral replication since pDCs were also able to recognize UV-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 and produce type I IFN. Transcriptional profiling of SARS-CoV-2 and UV-SARS-CoV-2 stimulated pDCs also showed a rapid type I and III IFN response as well as induction of several chemokines, and the induction of apoptosis in pDCs. Moreover, we modeled SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lung using primary human airway epithelial cells (pHAEs) and showed that co-culture of pDCs with SARS-CoV-2 infected pHAEs induces an antiviral response and upregulation of antigen presentation in pHAE cells. Importantly, the presence of pDCs in the co-culture results in control of SARS-CoV-2 replication in pHAEs. Our study identifies pDCs as one of the key cells that can recognize SARS-CoV-2 infection, produce type I and III IFN and control viral replication in infected cells.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.12.443948v1" target="_blank">Plasmacytoid dendritic cells produce type I interferon and reduce viral replication in airway epithelial cells after SARS-CoV-2 infection</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antibody detection in human milk from a prospective multicenter study in Spain</strong> -
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, breastfeeding in women positive for SARS-CoV-2 was compromised due to contradictory data regarding potential viral transmission. However, growing evidence confirms the relevant role of breast milk in providing passive immunity by generating and transmitting specific antibodies against the virus. Thus, our study aimed to develop and validate a specific protocol to detect SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk matrix as well as to determine the impact of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection on presence, concentration, and persistence of specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Study design/Methods: A prospective multicenter longitudinal study in Spain was carried out from April to December 2020. A total of 60 mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or recovered from COVID-19 were included (n=52 PCR-diagnosed and n=8 seropositive). Data from maternal-infant clinical records and symptomatology were collected. A specific protocol was validated to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in breast milk, targeting the N1 region of the nucleocapsid gene and the envelope (E) gene. Presence and levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific immunoglobulins (Igs) -IgA, IgG, and IgM- in breast milk samples from COVID-19 patients and from 13 women before the pandemic were also evaluated. Results: All breast milk samples showed negative results for SARS-CoV-2 RNA presence. We observed high intra- and inter-individual variability in the antibody response to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for each of the three isotypes IgA, IgM and IgG. Protease domain (MPro) antibodies were also detected in milk. In general, 82.9 % of the milk samples were positive for at least one of the three antibody isotypes, being 52.86 % of those positive for all three Igs. Positivity rate for IgA was relatively stable over time (65.2-87.5 %), whereas it raised continuously for IgG (47.8 % the first ten days to 87.5 % from day 41 up to day 206 post-PCR confirmation). Conclusions: Considering the lack of evidence for SARS-CoV-2 transmission through breast milk, our study confirms the safety of breastfeeding practices and highlights the relevance of virus-specific SARS-CoV-2 antibody transfer, that would provide passive immunity to breastfed infants and protect them against COVID-19 disease. This study provides crucial data to support official breastfeeding recommendations based on scientific evidence.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.21256766v1" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antibody detection in human milk from a prospective multicenter study in Spain</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Optimizing the spatio-temporal allocation of COVID-19 vaccines: Italy as a case study</strong> -
<div>
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While SARS-CoV-2 vaccine distribution campaigns are underway across the world, communities face the challenge of a fair and effective distribution of limited supplies. We wonder whether suitable spatial allocation strategies might significantly improve a campaign9s efficacy in averting damaging outcomes. To that end, we address the problem of optimal control of COVID-19 vaccinations in a country-wide geographic and epidemiological context characterized by strong spatial heterogeneities in transmission rate and disease history. We seek the vaccine allocation strategies in space and time that minimize the number of infections in a prescribed time horizon. We examine scenarios of unfolding disease transmission across the 107 provinces of Italy, from January to April 2021, generated by a spatially explicit compartmental COVID-19 model tailored to the Italian geographic and epidemiological context. We develop a novel optimal control framework to derive optimal vaccination strategies given the epidemiological projections and constraints on vaccine supply and distribution logistic. Optimal schemes significantly outperform simple alternative allocation strategies based on incidence, population distribution, or prevalence of susceptibles in each province. Our results suggest that the complex interplay between the mobility network and the spatial heterogeneities imply highly non-trivial prioritization of local vaccination campaigns. The extent of the overall improvements in the objectives grants further inquiry aimed at refining other possibly relevant factors so far neglected. Our work thus provides a proof-of-concept of the potential of optimal control for complex and heterogeneous epidemiological contexts at country, and possibly global, scales.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.21256732v1" target="_blank">Optimizing the spatio-temporal allocation of COVID-19 vaccines: Italy as a case study</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Pharmacogenomic and drug interaction risk associations with hospital length of stay among Medicare Advantage members with COVID-19</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Importance: COVID-19 has severely impacted older populations and strained healthcare resources, with many patients requiring long periods of hospitalization. Reducing the hospital length of stay (LOS) reduces patient and hospital burden. Given that adverse drug reactions are known to prolong LOS, unmanaged pharmacogenomic risk and drug interactions among COVID-19 patients may be a risk factor for longer hospital stays. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if pharmacogenomic and drug interaction risks were associated with longer lengths of stay among high-risk patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Design: Retrospective cohort study of medical and pharmacy claims Setting: Administrative database from a large U.S. health insurance company Participants: Medicare Advantage members with a first COVID-19 hospitalization between January 2020 and June 2020, who did not die during the stay. Exposures: (1) Pharmacogenetic interaction probability (PIP) of ≤25% (low), 26%-50% (moderate), or &gt;50% (high), which indicate the likelihood that one or more clinically actionable gene-drug or gene-drug-drug interactions would be identified with testing; (2) drug-drug interaction (DDI) severity of minimal, minor, moderate, major, or contraindicated, which indicate the severity of an interaction between two or more active medications. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was hospital length of stay. Results were stratified by hierarchical condition categories (HCC) counts and chronic conditions. Results: A total of 6,025 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were included in the study. Patients with moderate or high PIP were hospitalized for 9% (CI: 4%-15%; p &lt; 0.001) and 16% longer (CI: 8%-24%; p &lt; 0.001), respectively, compared to those with low PIP, whereas RAF score was not associated with LOS. High PIP was significantly associated with 12%-22% longer lengths of stay compared to low PIP in patients with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, or COPD. Finally, among patients with 2 or 3 HCCs, a 10% longer length of stay was observed among patients with moderate or more severe DDI compared to minimal or minor DDI. Conclusions and Relevance: Proactively mitigating pharmacogenomic risk has the potential to reduce length of stay in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 especially those with COPD, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.21256769v1" target="_blank">Pharmacogenomic and drug interaction risk associations with hospital length of stay among Medicare Advantage members with COVID-19</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Clinical coding of long COVID in English primary care: a federated analysis of 58 million patient records in situ using OpenSAFELY</strong> -
<div>
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Background Long COVID is a term to describe new or persistent symptoms at least four weeks after onset of acute COVID-19. Clinical codes to describe this phenomenon were released in November 2020 in the UK, but it is not known how these codes have been used in practice. Methods Working on behalf of NHS England, we used OpenSAFELY data encompassing 96% of the English population. We measured the proportion of people with a recorded code for long COVID, overall and by demographic factors, electronic health record software system, and week. We also measured variation in recording amongst practices. Results Long COVID was recorded for 23,273 people. Coding was unevenly distributed amongst practices, with 26.7% of practices having not used the codes at all. Regional variation was high, ranging between 20.3 per 100,000 people for East of England (95% confidence interval 19.3-21.4) and 55.6 in London (95% CI 54.1-57.1). The rate was higher amongst women (52.1, 95% CI 51.3-52.9) compared to men (28.1, 95% CI 27.5-28.7), and higher amongst practices using EMIS software (53.7, 95% CI 52.9-54.4) compared to TPP software (20.9, 95% CI 20.3-21.4). Conclusions Long COVID coding in primary care is low compared with early reports of long COVID prevalence. This may reflect under-coding, sub-optimal communication of clinical terms, under-diagnosis, a true low prevalence of long COVID diagnosed by clinicians, or a combination of factors. We recommend increased awareness of diagnostic codes, to facilitate research and planning of services; and surveys of clinicians9 experiences, to complement ongoing patient surveys.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.21256755v1" target="_blank">Clinical coding of long COVID in English primary care: a federated analysis of 58 million patient records in situ using OpenSAFELY</a>
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<li><strong>COVID-19 wastewater based epidemiology: long-term monitoring of 10 WWTP in France reveals the importance of the sampling context</strong> -
<div>
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SARS-CoV-2 wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been advanced as a relevant indicator of distribution of COVID-19 in communities, supporting classical testing and tracing epidemiological approaches. An extensive sampling campaign, including ten municipal wastewater treatment plants, has been conducted in different cities of France over a 20-weeks period, encompassing the second peak of COVID-19 outbreak in France. A well-recognised ultrafiltration - RNA extraction - RT-qPCR protocol was used and qualified, showing 5.5 +/- 0.5% recovery yield on heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2. Importantly the whole, solid and liquid, fraction of wastewater was used for virus concentration in this study. Campaign results showed medium- to strong- correlation between SARS-CoV-2 WBE data and COVID-19 prevalence. To go further, WWTP inlet flow rate and raining statistical relationships were studied and taken into account for each WWTP in order to calculate contextualized SARS-CoV-2 loads. This metric presented improved correlation strengths with COVID-19 prevalence for WWTP particularly submitted and sensitive to rain. Such findings highlighted that SARS-CoV-2 WBE data ultimately require to be contextualised for relevant interpretation.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.21256751v1" target="_blank">COVID-19 wastewater based epidemiology: long-term monitoring of 10 WWTP in France reveals the importance of the sampling context</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Highlighting COVID-19 Racial Disparities Can Reduce Support for Safety Precautions Among White U.S. Residents</strong> -
<div>
U.S. media has extensively covered racial disparities in COVID-19 infections and deaths. In two preregistered studies, we examined whether perceptions of COVID-19 racial disparities predict White U.S. residents’ attitudes toward COVID-19 (and people of color). Utilizing a correlational design (N = 498; Mage = 41; 41% women; median income of $40,000-$49,999), we found that those who perceived COVID-19 racial disparities to be greater reported reduced fear of COVID-19 and more race-related social distancing. In Study 2, we manipulated exposure to information about COVID-19 racial disparities (N = 1,505; Mage = 42; 54% women; median income of $50,000-$59,999). Reading about the systemic causes of COVID-19 racial disparities reduced support for COVID-19 safety precautions, empathy for those vulnerable to COVID-19, and fear of COVID-19, and also increased bias against people of color. As the racial majority group in the U.S., White residents’ attitudes toward COVID-19 (and other future public health concerns) have the potential to considerably influence public health policies. These findings suggest that publicizing racial health disparities could create a vicious cycle wherein raising awareness reduces support for the very policies that could protect public health and limit racial disparities. Thus, alerting the public about racial disparities could potentially contribute to the perpetuation of systemic racial inequalities, and therefore caution should be taken when crafting and disseminating public health messages about disparities.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/td4cs/" target="_blank">Highlighting COVID-19 Racial Disparities Can Reduce Support for Safety Precautions Among White U.S. Residents</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Plans to vaccinate children for COVID-19: a survey of US parents</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
In a national online survey of 2,074 US parents conducted in March 2021, 49.4% reported plans to vaccinate their child for COVID-19 when available. Lower income and less education were associated with greater parental vaccine hesitancy/resistance, while safety, effectiveness and lack of need were the primary reasons for vaccine hesitancy/resistance.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.12.21256874v1" target="_blank">Plans to vaccinate children for COVID-19: a survey of US parents</a>
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<li><strong>The evaluation of a novel digital immunochromatographic assay with silver amplification to detect SARS-CoV-2</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Introduction Rapid antigen tests are convenient for diagnosing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); however, they have lower sensitivities than nucleic acid amplification tests. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of Quick Chaser Auto SARS-CoV-2, a novel digital immunochromatographic assay that is expected to have higher sensitivity than conventional antigen tests. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted between February 8 and March 24, 2021. We simultaneously obtained two nasopharyngeal samples, one for evaluation with the QuickChaser Auto SARS-CoV-2 antigen test and the other for assessment with reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), considered the gold-standard reference test. The limit of detection (LOD) of the new antigen test was compared with those of four other commercially available rapid antigen tests. Results A total of 1401 samples were analyzed. SARS-CoV-2 was detected by reference RT-PCR in 83 (5.9%) samples, of which 36 (43.4%) were collected from symptomatic patients. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 74.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 64.0-83.6%), 99.8% (95% CI: 99.5-100%), 96.9% (95% CI: 89.2-99.6%), and 98.4% (95% CI: 97.6-99.0%), respectively. When limited to samples with a cycle threshold (Ct) &lt;30 or those from symptomatic patients, the sensitivity increased to 98.3% and 88.9%, respectively. The QuickChaser Auto SARS-CoV-2 detected 34-120 copies/test, which indicated greater sensitivity than the other rapid antigen tests. Conclusions QuickChaser Auto SARS-CoV-2 showed sufficient sensitivity and specificity in clinical samples of symptomatic patients. The sensitivity was comparable to RT-PCR in samples with Ct&lt;30.
</p>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.21256738v1" target="_blank">The evaluation of a novel digital immunochromatographic assay with silver amplification to detect SARS-CoV-2</a>
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<li><strong>Nanopore Sequencing of SARS-CoV-2: Comparison of Short and Long PCR-tiling Amplicon Protocols</strong> -
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Surveillance of the SARS-CoV-2 variants including the quickly spreading mutants by rapid and near real-time sequencing of the viral genome provides an important tool for effective health policy decision making in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Here we evaluated PCR-tiling of short (~400-bp) and long (~2 and ~2.5-kb) amplicons combined with nanopore sequencing on a MinION device for analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences. Analysis of several sequencing runs demonstrated that using the long amplicon schemes outperforms the original protocol based on the 400-bp amplicons. It also illustrated common artefacts and problems associated with this approach, such as uneven genome coverage, variable fraction of discarded sequencing reads, as well as the reads derived from the viral sub-genomic RNAs and/or human and bacterial contamination.
</p>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.12.21256693v1" target="_blank">Nanopore Sequencing of SARS-CoV-2: Comparison of Short and Long PCR-tiling Amplicon Protocols</a>
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<li><strong>Trajectories of child emotional and behavioural difficulties before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in a longitudinal UK cohort</strong> -
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Importance COVID-19 public health mitigation measures are likely to have detrimental effects on emotional and behavioural problems in children. However, longitudinal studies with pre-pandemic data are scarce. Objective To explore trajectories of emotional and behavioural difficulties in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design and setting Data were from children from the third generation of a birth cohort study; the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children - Generation 2 (ALSPAC-G2) in the southwest of England. Participants The study population comprised of 708 children (median age at COVID data collection was 4.4 years, SD=2.9, IQR= [2.2 to 6.9]), whose parents provided previous pre-pandemic surveys and a survey between 26 May and 5 July 2020 that focused on information about the COVID-19 pandemic as restrictions from the first lockdown in the UK were eased. Exposures We employed multi-level mixed effects modelling with random intercepts and slopes to examine whether trajectories of emotional and behavioural difficulties (a combined total difficulties score) during the pandemic differ from expected pre-pandemic trajectories. Main outcomes Children had up to seven measurements of emotional and behavioural difficulties from infancy to late childhood, using developmentally appropriate scales such as the Emotionality Activity Sociability Temperament Survey in infancy and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in childhood. Results The observed normative pattern of emotional and behavioural difficulties in children pre-pandemic, was characterised by an increase in scores during infancy peaking around the age of 2, and then declining throughout the rest of childhood. Pre-pandemic, the decline in difficulties scores after age 2 was 0.6 points per month; but was approximately one third of that in post-pandemic trajectories (there was a difference in mean rate of decline after age 2 of 0.2 points per month in pre vs during pandemic trajectories [95 % CI: 0.10 to 0.30, p &lt;0.001]). This lower decline in scores over the years translated to older children having pandemic difficulty scores higher than would be expected from pre-pandemic trajectories (for example, an estimated 10.0 point (equivalent of 0.8 standard deviations) higher score (95% CI: 5.0 to 15.0) by age 8.5 years). Results remained similar although somewhat attenuated after adjusting for maternal anxiety and age. Conclusion and relevance The COVID-19 pandemic may be associated with greater persistence of emotional and behavioural difficulties after the age 2. Emotional difficulties in childhood predict later mental health problems. Further evidence and monitoring of emotional and behavioural difficulties are required to fully understand the potential role of the pandemic on young children.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.11.21257040v1" target="_blank">Trajectories of child emotional and behavioural difficulties before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in a longitudinal UK cohort</a>
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<li><strong>Background rates of five thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndromes of special interest for COVID-19 vaccine safety surveillance: incidence between 2017 and 2019 and patient profiles from 20.6 million people in six European countries</strong> -
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Background Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) has been reported among individuals vaccinated with adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccines. In this study we describe the background incidence of TTS in 6 European countries. Methods Electronic medical records from France, Netherlands, Italy, Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom informed the study. Incidence rates of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), and stroke, all with concurrent thrombocytopenia, were estimated among the general population between 2017 to 2019. A range of additional adverse events of special interest for COVID-19 vaccinations were also studied in a similar manner. Findings A total of 20,599,134 individuals were included. Background rates ranged from 1.0 (0.7 to 1.4) to 1.5 (1.0 to 2.0) per 100,000 person-years for DVT with thrombocytopenia, from 0.5 (0.3 to 0.6) to 1.4 (1.1 to 1.8) for PE with thrombocytopenia, from 0.1 (0.0 to 0.1) to 0.7 (0.5 to 0.9) for SVT with thrombocytopenia, and from 0.2 (0.0 to 0.4) to 4.4 (3.9 to 5.0) for stroke with thrombocytopenia. CVST with thrombocytopenia was only identified in one database, with incidence rate of 0.1 (0.0 to 0.2) per 100,000 person-years. The incidence of TTS increased with age, with those affected typically having more comorbidities and greater medication use than the general population. TTS was also more often seen in men than women. A sizeable proportion of those affected were seen to have been taking antithrombotic and anticoagulant therapies prior to their TTS event. Interpretation Although rates vary across databases, TTS has consistently been seen to be a very rare event among the general population. While still very rare, rates of TTS are typically higher among older individuals, and those affected were also seen to generally be male and have more comorbidities and greater medication use than the general population. Funding This study was funded by the European Medicines Agency (EMA/2017/09/PE Lot 3).
</p>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.12.21257083v1" target="_blank">Background rates of five thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndromes of special interest for COVID-19 vaccine safety surveillance: incidence between 2017 and 2019 and patient profiles from 20.6 million people in six European countries</a>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Recombinant Hyperimmune Polyclonal Antibody (GIGA-2050) in COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: GIGA-2050<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   GigaGen, Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Phase 3 Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo Controlled, Multi-regional Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of GT0918 for the Treatment of Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Male Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: GT0918 tablets or placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Suzhou Kintor Pharmaceutical Inc,<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on COVID-19 Recovery</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Vit-D 0.2 MG/ML Oral Solution [Calcidol];   Drug: Physiological Irrigating Solution<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of Monastir;   Loussaief Chawki;   Nissaf Ben Alaya;   Cyrine Ben Nasrallah;   Manel Ben Belgacem;   Hela Abroug;   Imen Zemni;   Manel Ben fredj;   Wafa Dhouib<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (CHO Cell) for COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: low-dose Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (CHO cell);   Biological: high-dose Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (CHO cell);   Biological: placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   National Vaccine and Serum Institute, China;   Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd;   Beijing Zhong Sheng Heng Yi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd.;   Zhengzhou University<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>tDCS for Post COVID-19 Fatigue</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Post Covid-19 Patients<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Device: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Thorsten Rudroff<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Effect of STC3141 Continuous Infusion in Subjects With Severe Corona Virus Disease 2019（COVID-19）Pneumonia</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: STC3141<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Grand Medical Pty Ltd.;   Trium Clinical Consulting<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Phase 2 Study of APX-115 in Hospitalized Patients With Confirmed Mild to Moderate COVID-19.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: APX-115;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Aptabio Therapeutics, Inc.;   Covance<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Leveraging CHWs to Improve COVID-19 Testing and Mitigation Among CJIs Accessing a Corrections-focused CBO</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: Onsite Point-of-care<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Montefiore Medical Center;   The Fortune Society;   University of Bristol<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Convalescent Plasma as Adjunct Therapy for COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: Convalescent plasma treatment<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia;   Indonesian Red Cross;   Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Selenium as a Potential Treatment for Moderately-ill, Severely-ill, and Critically-ill COVID-19 Patients.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Selenium (as Selenious Acid);   Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   CHRISTUS Health;   Pharco Pharmaceuticals<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Role of High Dose Co-trimoxazole in Severe Covid-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pneumonia<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Co-trimoxazole;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Vaccination Take-Up</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Covid19;   Vaccination<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: Financial incentives;   Behavioral: Convenient scheduling link;   Behavioral: Race concordant;   Behavioral: Gender concordant<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of Southern California;   Contra Costa Health Services;   J-PAL North America, State and Local Innovation Initiative;   National Bureau of Economic Research Roybal Center;   National Institute on Aging (NIA)<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety, Tolerability and PK of Ensovibep (MP0420 - a New Candidate With Potential for Treatment of COVID-19)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Ensovibep;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Molecular Partners AG<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Global Phase III Clinical Trial of Recombinant COVID-19 Vaccine (Sf9 Cells)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cells);   Other: Placebo control<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Jiangsu Province Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;   WestVac Biopharma Co., Ltd.;   West China Hospital<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>#SafeHandsSafeHearts: An eHealth Intervention for COVID-19 Prevention and Support</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: eHealth for Covid-19 prevention and support<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University of Toronto<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Plant-derived Exosomal MicroRNAs Inhibit Lung Inflammation Induced by Exosomes SARS-CoV-2 Nsp12</strong> - Lung inflammation is a hallmark of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we show that mice develop inflamed lung tissue after being administered exosomes released from the lung epithelial cells exposed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Nsp12 and Nsp13 (exosomes^(Nsp12Nsp13)). Mechanistically, we show that exosomes^(Nsp12Nsp13) are taken up by lung macrophages, leading to activation of NF-κB and the subsequent induction of an array of inflammatory cytokines….</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs by effective dual targeting against the viral and host proteases</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 caused dramatic health, social and economic threats to the globe. With this threat, the expectation of future outbreak, and the shortage of anti-viral drugs, scientists were challenged to develop novel antivirals. The objective of this study is to develop novel anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds with dual activity by targeting valuable less-mutated enzymes. Here, we have mapped the binding affinity of &gt;500,000 compounds for potential activity against SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M^(pro)), papain…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Molecular scaffolds from mother nature as possible lead compounds in drug design and discovery against coronaviruses: A landscape analysis of published literature and molecular docking studies</strong> - The recent outbreak of viral infection and its transmission has highlighted the importance of its slowdown for the safeguard of public health, globally. The identification of novel drugs and efficient therapies against these infectious viruses is need of the hour. The eruption of COVID-19 is caused by a novel acute respiratory syndrome virus SARS-CoV-2 which has taken the whole world by storm as it has transformed into a global pandemic. This lethal syndrome is a global health threat to general…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Computational optimization of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding-motif affinity for human ACE2</strong> - The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, that is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, and the closely related SARS-CoV coronavirus enter cells by binding at the human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2). The stronger hACE2 affinity of SARS-CoV-2 has been connected with its higher infectivity. In this work, we study hACE2 complexes with the receptor binding domains (RBDs) of the human SARS-CoV-2 and human SARS-CoV viruses, using all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and Computational Protein…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Hepatitis C virus drugs that inhibit SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease synergize with remdesivir to suppress viral replication in cell culture</strong> - Effective control of COVID-19 requires antivirals directed against SARS-CoV-2. We assessed 10 hepatitis C virus (HCV) protease-inhibitor drugs as potential SARS-CoV-2 antivirals. There is a striking structural similarity of the substrate binding clefts of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M^(pro)) and HCV NS3/4A protease. Virtual docking experiments show that these HCV drugs can potentially bind into the M^(pro) substrate-binding cleft. We show that seven HCV drugs inhibit both SARS-CoV-2 M^(pro)…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Natural plant products as potential inhibitors of RNA dependent RNA polymerase of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2</strong> - Drug repurposing studies targeting inhibition of RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have exhibited the potential effect of small molecules. In the present work a detailed interaction study between the phytochemicals from Indian medicinal plants and the RdRP of SARS-CoV-2 has been performed. The top four phytochemicals obtained through molecular docking were, swertiapuniside, cordifolide A, sitoindoside IX, and amarogentin belonging…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Targeting Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Signaling in Immune-Mediated Diseases: Beyond Multiple Sclerosis</strong> - Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid metabolite that exerts its actions by engaging 5 G-protein-coupled receptors (S1PR1-S1PR5). S1P receptors are involved in several cellular and physiological events, including lymphocyte/hematopoietic cell trafficking. An S1P gradient (low in tissues, high in blood), maintained by synthetic and degradative enzymes, regulates lymphocyte trafficking. Because lymphocytes live long (which is critical for adaptive immunity) and recirculate thousands…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Glycyrrhizin for topical use and prophylaxis of COVID-19: an interesting pharmacological perspective</strong> - COVID-19, the disease caused by the SARS - CoV - 2 pathogen, is currently a pandemic. At the moment there is not an available vaccine, so, scientific community is looking for strategies and drugs to implement prevention and prophylaxis. Several compounds are examined for this purpose. Glycyrrhizin, an alkaloid extracted from licorice plant (glycyrriza glabra), is one of the most studied molecules, both for its peculiar biological functions and for its pharmacological effects. This brief review…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A phase I study of high dose camostat mesylate in healthy adults provides a rationale to repurpose the TMPRSS2 inhibitor for the treatment of COVID-19</strong> - Camostat mesylate, an oral serine protease inhibitor, is used to treat chronic pancreatitis and reflux esophagitis. Recently, camostat mesylate and its active metabolite 4-(4-guanidinobenzoyloxy)phenylacetic acid (GBPA) were reported to inhibit the infection of cells by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 by inhibiting type II transmembrane serine protease. We conducted a phase I study to investigate high-dose camostat mesylate as a treatment for coronavirus disease 2019. Camostat…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Phytochemicals as Potential Therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2-Induced Cardiovascular Complications: Thrombosis and Platelet Perspective</strong> - After gaining entry through ACE2 aided by TMPRSS2, the SARS-CoV-2 causes serious complications of the cardiovascular system leading to myocarditis and other myocardial injuries apart from causing lung, kidney and brain dysfunctions. Here in this review, we are going to divulge the cellular and immunological mechanisms behind the cardiovascular, thrombotic and platelet impairments that are caused in COVID-19. In addition, we also propose the significance of various anti-platelet and…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ruxolitinib, a JAK1/2 Inhibitor, Ameliorates Cytokine Storm in Experimental Models of Hyperinflammation Syndrome</strong> - Hyperinflammatory syndromes comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by severe inflammation, multiple organ dysfunction, and potentially death. In response to antigenic stimulus (e.g., SARS-CoV-2 infection), overactivated CD8+ T-cells and macrophages produce high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12. Multiple inflammatory mediators implicated in hyperinflammatory syndromes utilize the Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The interferon-stimulated exosomal hACE2 potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication through competitively blocking the virus entry</strong> - Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it has become a global pandemic. The spike (S) protein of etiologic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) specifically recognizes human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) as its receptor, which is recently identified as an interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene. Here, we find that hACE2 exists on the surface of exosomes released by different cell types, and the expression of exosomal hACE2 is increased by IFNα/β…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Critical Determinants of Cytokine Storm and Type I Interferon Response in COVID-19 Pathogenesis</strong> - SUMMARYSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a rapidly evolving pandemic worldwide with at least 68 million COVID-19-positive cases and a mortality rate of about 2.2%, as of 10 December 2020. About 20% of COVID-19 patients exhibit moderate to severe symptoms. Severe COVID-19 manifests as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with elevated plasma proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Flavonoids as inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase</strong> - Elastase is a proteolytic enzyme belonging to the family of hydrolases produced by human neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Human neutrophil elastase is known to play multiple roles in the human body, but an increase in its activity may cause a variety of diseases. Elastase inhibitors may prevent the development of psoriasis, chronic kidney disease, respiratory disorders (including COVID-19), immune disorders, and even cancers. Among polyphenolic compounds, some…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Reinforcing our defense or weakening the enemy? A comparative overview of defensive and offensive strategies developed to confront COVID-19</strong> - Developing effective strategies to confront coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become one of the greatest concerns of the scientific community. In addition to the vast number of global mortalities due to COVID-19, since its outbreak, almost every aspect of human lives has changed one way or another. In the present review, various defensive and offensive strategies developed to confront COVID-19 are illustrated. The Administration of immune-boosting micronutrients/agents, as well as the…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>IMPROVEMENTS RELATED TO PARTICLE, INCLUDING SARS-CoV-2, DETECTION AND METHODS THEREFOR</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU323295937">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A COMPREHENSIVE DISINFECTION SYSTEM DURING PANDEMIC FOR PERSONAL ITEMS AND PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) TO SAFEGUARD PEOPLE</strong> - The current Covid-19 pandemic has led to an enormous demand for gadgets / objects for personal protection. To prevent the spread of virus, it is important to disinfect commonly touched objects. One of the ways suggested is to use a personal UV-C disinfecting box that is “efficient and effective in deactivating the COVID-19 virus. The present model has implemented the use of a UV transparent material (fused silica quartz glass tubes) as the medium of support for the objects to be disinfected to increase the effectiveness of disinfection without compromising the load bearing capacity. Aluminum foil, a UV reflecting material, was used as the inner lining of the box for effective utilization of the UVC light emitted by the UVC lamps. Care has been taken to prevent leakage of UVC radiation out of the system. COVID-19 virus can be inactivated in 5 minutes by UVC irradiation in this disinfection box - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN322882412">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING SYSTEM FOR MENTAL HEALTH MONITORING OF PERSON DURING THE PANDEMIC OF COVID-19</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU323295498">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>USE OF IMINOSUGAR COMPOUND IN PREPARATION OF ANTI-SARS-COV-2 VIRUS DRUG</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU322897928">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>逆转录酶突变体及其应用</strong> - 本发明提供一种MMLV逆转录酶突变体，在野生型MMLV逆转录酶氨基酸序列（如SEQ ID No.1序列所示）中进行七个氨基酸位点的突变，氨基酸突变位点为：R205H；V288T；L304K；G525D；S526D；E531G；E574G。该突变体可以降低MMLV逆转录酶对Taq DNA聚合酶的抑制作用，大大提高了一步法RT‑qPCR的灵敏度。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN323494119">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Compositions and methods for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) infection</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU321590214">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>用于检测新型冠状病毒的试纸和试剂盒</strong> - 本发明涉及生物技术和免疫检测技术领域，具体涉及一种用于检测新型冠状病毒的试纸和试剂盒。所述试纸或试剂盒含有抗体1和/或抗体2，所述抗体1的重、轻链可变区的氨基酸序列分别如SEQ ID NO:1‑2所示，所述抗体2的重、轻链可变区的氨基酸序列分别如SEQ ID NO:3‑4所示。本发明对于大批量的新型冠状病毒样本，包括新型冠状病毒突变（英国、南非）与非突变株的人血清、鼻咽拭子等样本的检测有普遍检测意义，避免突变株的漏检。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN322953478">link</a></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Fahrgastleitsystem und Verfahren zum Leiten von Fahrgästen</strong> -
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</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Die Erfindung betrifft ein Fahrgastleitsystem zum Leiten von mit einem Fahrzeug (1) mit wenigstens zwei Türen (2.L, 2.R) transportieren Fahrgästen (3), mit wenigstens einem Sensor (4) zur Überwachung der Fahrgäste (3), wenigstens einem Anzeigemittel (5) zur Ausgabe von Leitinformationen, wenigstens einem Aktor zum Öffnen oder Verriegeln einer Tür (2.L, 2.R) und wenigstens einer Recheneinheit (7). Das erfindungsgemäße Fahrgastleitsystem ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Recheneinheit (7) dazu eingerichtet ist durch Auswertung vom wenigstens einen Sensor (4) erzeugter Sensordaten zu erkennen an welcher Tür (2.L, 2.R) des Fahrzeugs (1) Fahrgäste (3) ein- und/oder aussteigen möchten und wenigstens eine Tür (2.L, 2.R) für einen Ausstieg festzulegen und/oder wenigstens eine Tür (2.L, 2.R) für einen Einstieg festzulegen, sodass eine Anzahl an Begegnungen von sich durch das Fahrzeug (1) bewegender Fahrgäste (3) und/oder aus dem Fahrzeug (1) aussteigenden und/oder in das Fahrzeug (1) einsteigenden Fahrgästen (3) minimiert wird.</p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=DE323289145">link</a></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Vorrichtung zum Desinfizieren, der Körperpflege oder dergleichen</strong> -
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</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Vorrichtung zum Desinfizieren, der Körperpflege oder dergleichen mittels einer flüssigen oder cremigen Substanz (20), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung mit einem elektrisch betriebenen Erinnerungs-Modul und einem Vorratsbehälter (10) für die Substanz (20) versehen ist, die Substanz (20) in dosierter Menge zur Ausgabeöffnung (9) gefördert wird und die Vorrichtung dazu geeignet ist, am Körper oder der Kleidung einer Person getragen zu werden.</p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=DE323289850">link</a></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Gebrauchter Schnellteststreifen als Probenmaterial für eine Nachtestung</strong> -
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur laborbasierten Überprüfung und/oder weiteren Ausdifferenzierung einer im Schnelltestverfahren erhaltenen Diagnose einer Infektionskrankheit, wobei im Rahmen des Schnelltestverfahrens eine flüssige Patientenprobe auf ein Objekt aus einem porösen Material aufgetragen wird und wobei dieses Objekt nach Trocknung der flüssigen Patientenprobe an das diagnostische Labor übermittelt wird. Im Labor werden dann die eingetrockneten Probenreste aus dem porösen Material ausgelöst und analysiert.</p></li>
</ul>
<img alt="embedded image" id="EMI-D00000"/>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=DE323289151">link</a></li>
</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sheikh Jarrah and the Renewed Israeli-Palestinian Violence</strong> - Unless the evictions, unequal rights, and pervasive discrimination in Jerusalem end, clashes will continue. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/sheikh-jarrah-and-the-renewed-israeli-palestinian-violence">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>India’s Crisis Marks a New Phase in the Pandemic</strong> - In countries where the storm is lifting, it’s time to turn outward and help the rest of the world. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/science/medical-dispatch/indias-crisis-marks-a-new-phase-in-the-pandemic">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How a Sexual-Harassment Suit May Test the Reach of #MeToo in China</strong> - Zhou Xiaoxuan’s case against a well-known television personality is unfolding under a system that remains skeptical, even hostile, toward such allegations. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/how-a-sexual-harassment-suit-may-test-the-reach-of-metoo-in-china">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Why It’s So Important That Twelve-Year-Olds Can Now Get a COVID-19 Vaccine</strong> - We are in a pandemic from which, as much as one might wish it, children have never been exempt. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/why-its-so-important-that-twelve-year-olds-can-now-get-a-covid-19-vaccine">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Somebody Should Tell Kevin McCarthy That Trump Is Still Lying About the 2020 Election</strong> - What the House Minority Leader’s role in ousting Liz Cheney tells us about the troubled future of the Republic. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-bidens-washington/somebody-should-tell-kevin-mccarthy-that-trump-is-still-lying-about-the-2020-election">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>People want a quick fix for homelessness. There isn’t one.</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A woman walks past a row of tents in Los Angeles on February 1." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/U5LQpDVE6Q1SfGu4m1yCMCJ3ae0=/0x0:2313x1735/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/69286212/GettyImages_1230917908.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
A woman walks past a row of tents in Los Angeles on February 1. Judge David O. Carter recently likened the city’s homelessness crisis to “a significant natural disaster … with no end in sight.” | Frederic J. Brown/AFP via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
In Los Angeles, housing is scarce and homelessness is rising. That’s not a coincidence.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="49ctEx">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NB1Fv0">
On April 20, a US District Court judge put his foot down.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zCLcNi">
“Here in Los Angeles, how did racism become embedded in the policies and structures of our new city,” he wrote. “What if there was a conscious effort, a deliberate intent, a cowardice of inaction?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6YTyww">
In more than 100 pages, Judge David O. Carter detailed the homelessness crisis in Los Angeles and its disparate impacts on Black residents. He was ruling on a case brought by the LA Alliance for Human Rights, a group formed in recent years for the purpose of suing the City and County of Los Angeles over the homelessness emergency.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Oi895v">
Leaning on what some experts tell Vox are novel legal theories, Carter took homelessness policymaking into his own hands with a bold approach that seems heartening at first glance — but many of the court’s proposed reforms falter under scrutiny.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bwL2aZ">
Among other things, Carter’s order requires:
</p>
<ul>
<li id="lfUi5k">
The City of Los Angeles to place $1 billion in escrow within seven days. (Carter <a href="https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-04-26/judge-carter-1-billion-escrow-homelessness">later paused this request</a>.)
</li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qO9AUI">
The City and County of Los Angeles to offer shelter to all unaccompanied women and children living in Skid Row, a neighborhood that contains thousands of homeless Angelenos, by July 19, 2021.
</li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="e05eb2">
The City and County of Los Angeles to offer shelter to all families living in Skid Row by August 18, 2021.
</li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="D1v6w5">
The City and County of Los Angeles to offer shelter to the rest of the general population living in Skid Row by October 17, 2021.
</li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HAnBOG">
The orders kicked up a firestorm among homelessness advocates, affordable housing developers, and local governments. The homelessness crisis has ballooned in Los Angeles — in a <a href="https://www.lahsa.org/news?article=726-2020-greater-los-angeles-homeless-count-results">June 2020 report</a>, the Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority revealed an astonishing 66,436 unhoused people, a 12.7 percent increase over the previous year.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/vep2yjScT3fcDy4yLWB-oYdJy2U=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22512686/GettyImages_1208448478.jpg"/> <cite>Genaro Molina/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Judge David O. Carter walks out of a closed hearing to discuss solutions to the Skid Row homelessness crisis on March 26, 2020.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YjDvZs">
Few disagree that this is an emergency; in fact, Carter’s opinion makes liberal use of the defendants’ language railing against the state of homelessness several times. However, there is vast disagreement over how to fix the problem, leaving homelessness advocates divided over Carter’s decision.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VToyc2">
It’s a dispute that highlights the difficulties of solving the growing homelessness crisis in many of America’s cities. As the issues become more visible to residents, searches for a quick fix can direct government funds toward bad policies. In reality, the crisis of homelessness is inextricable from the existing national shortage of affordable housing, which itself is the result of numerous policy choices made every day by local and state governments.
</p>
<h3 id="pWeovZ">
Why many homelessness experts don’t think the $1 billion solution is the answer
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="f5lfH4">
The legal case in question, <em>LA Alliance for Human Rights v. City of Los Angeles</em>, was brought by a group that some have said represents business interests in the Skid Row neighborhood. (The Alliance, which declined to share its list of members with Vox, <a href="https://www.la-alliance.org/who_we_are">self-describes</a> as a “group of small business owners, residents, and social service providers.”)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2eixAK">
Daniel Conway, a policy advisor for the Alliance, tells Vox the goal of the lawsuit was to require the government to produce “immediate housing options” and to begin restricting the ability of people to sleep outside. Conway added that the effort is not supposed to be a “law enforcement action.” Instead, he says, “This is about having outreach workers, social workers, therapists” get homeless people into temporary housing.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="p2uXFk">
Of course, if someone refuses shelter, law enforcement — not social workers — is responsible for enforcing homelessness criminalization ordinances.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Os0DWo">
Carter’s order affirmed a lot of what the Alliance was looking for. It also sparked backlash.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Sj90ma">
The defendants immediately took issue with the order to set aside $1 billion in an escrow account.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="o7VmBJ">
LA Mayor Eric Garcetti’s office told me it doesn’t “just have a billion dollars sitting around in cash.” In response, Carter ended up <a href="https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.775720/gov.uscourts.cacd.775720.286.0.pdf">modifying his order</a> a few days later to require Los Angeles to draft a plan to ensure that $1 billion is spent to alleviate homelessness.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BCKLmz">
The concerns didn’t stop there. Part of the funds to be appropriated for temporary housing would be pulled from the Prop HHH Supportive Housing Loan Program (HHH), which is meant to provide long-term housing.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/-dUKC96o3rGvik-9HhttIxIDiX8=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22512656/AP_21036028643542.jpg"/> <cite>Damian Dovarganes/AP</cite>
<figcaption>
Los Angeles City Council Member Kevin de León (left) talks to Michelle Coultier, who has been homeless for eight years, in February 2021.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9HDxhS">
That program, which issues bonds to subsidize developing housing for homeless and at-risk Angelenos, has had its struggles. Nearly halfway through its 10-year tenure, HHH has produced only 7 percent of the housing units it was supposed to create, according to <a href="https://hcidla2.lacity.org/housing/hhh-progress">the city dashboard tracking its progress</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pMncWE">
Still, the plan was meant to create long-term solutions, and now that money will be used on housing that, by definition, is only a temporary fix. Moreover, <a href="https://hcidla2.lacity.org/housing/hhh-progress">$976 million</a> (or 81 percent) of the bond program’s revenue has already been committed.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="58u6le">
Carter’s order immediately threw affordable housing developers into uncertainty, as existing projects depending on that funding may be at risk if the city is required to reallocate funds.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nxczu4">
“Nonprofit developers are trying to figure out how [the reallocation of the HHH funds] affects their developments,” says Jet Doye, vice president of development and advancement at Skid Row Housing Trust, which provides and manages permanent supportive housing to at-risk Angelenos. Doye explained that requiring all HHH funding to go toward temporary housing solutions could undermine many of these projects.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HH0tND">
“Certainty is a really important concept [in residential development],” Alan Greenlee, executive director of the Southern California Association of Non-Profit Housing, tells Vox. “So when the court steps in and says, ‘I’m going to change the rules in pretty significant ways,’ it really creates a lot of confusion and anxiety. … I think that the injunction has been really disruptive to the work that we’re doing.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="W7XD9A">
But perhaps the most worrying part of Carter’s order is this sentence, buried at the end: “After adequate shelter is offered, the Court will let stand any constitutional ordinance consistent with the holdings of <em>Boise</em> and <em>Mitchell.”</em>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hZK5fG">
<em>Martin v. City of Boise</em> and <em>Mitchell v. City of Los Angeles </em>are cases that explore the limits of criminalizing homelessness. The <em>Martin </em>case <a href="https://harvardlawreview.org/2019/12/martin-v-city-of-boise/">questioned the constitutionality of two city ordinances</a> restricting people from sleeping or camping on public property. The <em>Mitchell</em> ruling stemmed from a lawsuit filed against Los Angeles by four homeless residents who accused police of “<a href="https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.642450.9.0.pdf">confiscating and then destroying</a>” their <a href="https://la.curbed.com/2019/3/6/18253888/mitchell-settlement-los-angeles-homeless-property">personal property</a> without a warrant. The specific principles each case established are complicated, but by invoking their names, experts say Carter is indicating that once an offer of temporary shelter has been made, Los Angeles would be free to forcibly clear homeless folks who refuse to accept it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vQempW">
“One of the concerns is that this injunction will allow for the criminalization of homelessness and then resulting action to move homeless people along with no regard to actually where they’re going to go,” Greenlee explained.
</p>
<div class="c-wide-block">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ZJCHexn6GTUzInFvSKstYni5pn8=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22512691/GettyImages_1147031674.jpg"/> <cite>Frederick J. Brown/AFP via Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
A sharp rise in the price of housing is a root cause of ballooning homelessness in high-cost cities like Los Angeles.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kG4vKV">
There are many reasons why individuals might reject offers of temporary shelter and thus could be vulnerable to forced removal. As the Los Angeles Times’s editorial board <a href="https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2021-04-25/editorial-judge-carters-order-to-shelter-skid-row-got-a-few-things-right-and-everything-else-wrong">writes</a>: “It can take outreach workers weeks if not months to persuade homeless people to accept a shelter bed; this is a population inured to the hardships of the streets, many suffering from addiction or mental illness, and suspicious of other outreach workers who made promises they didn’t keep.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2xnYk5">
Eric Tars, legal director at the National Homelessness Law Center, got more literal. It’s not just suspicion of help, he says — it’s that the help offered might actually come at too high a cost: “We often talk about the three P’s: pets, partners, and possessions.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vmpjJ3">
Many shelters bar people from bringing their pets, which some unhoused residents are unwilling to do. That’s hard for some people to understand, Tars noted. “You’re refusing shelter because of a pet? But that doesn’t credit the emotional importance that these animals may serve for people in their times of crisis and trauma,” he says.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7oVQlN">
Because many shelters are single-sex or sex-segregated facilities, often people are asked to separate from their significant others, which can be a deal breaker.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qJ8msd">
And, finally, Tars tells Vox that shelters frequently don’t allow homeless people to bring their possessions with them, even though they’re often the only items people have been able to keep safe since becoming homeless.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9aRDvM">
Shelters often present other barriers, too. They can have strict rules about when you can come and go, they can be located far from your work or family, and they may not have nearby transportation options, making it impossible for residents there to build a life.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cAbJUb">
With all of these barriers (and more), it’s not hard to understand why some refuse temporary shelters. Even when they do go, the experience can be undesirable.
</p>
<div class="c-wide-block">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/biCgniXnESBf2W9S3wL1tpMYlD0=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22512251/GettyImages_1231946669.jpg"/> <cite>Wally Skalij/Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Protesters gather at the intersection of Sunset Boulevard and Lemoyne Street before LAPD officers evict homeless people in Echo Park.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ITZWGU">
Erika D. Smith, a columnist for the LA Times, <a href="https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-04-03/echo-park-lake-homeless-housing-los-angeles">spoke to several people</a> who were recently removed from another homeless encampment in Los Angeles:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WIaKGC">
Those who accepted hotel and motel rooms said they felt jerked around and unfairly put upon by the strict Project Roomkey rules. Some were ready to leave, calling into question whether we can really call the clearing of Echo Park a “success” if homeless people are so unhappy with what happened that they refuse to stay in the housing that’s offered.
</p>
</blockquote>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nDDsBP">
Rev. Andy Bales, chief executive of the Union Rescue Mission and a well-known advocate for homeless Angelenos, strongly supports the push for temporary shelters, one of the few people Vox spoke with to have that view. He cited the need for urgency: “No more straw-man arguments against shelters. … 5,700 people have died on the street. The status quo can’t continue.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eIK2Sc">
But do shelters work?
</p>
<h3 id="f3gyQy">
The limits of shelters
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NpVYy2">
With thousands on the streets during a pandemic, it can feel like the obvious solution is whatever gets them to a safe home immediately. So, for many, temporary shelters seem like the answer. But beyond the reasons why many homeless people refuse to go to shelters, there are even more reasons why allocating energy and time to them won’t actually solve the problem.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IelzSn">
“It’s a doctor who gets the diagnosis right but the prescription completely wrong,” Tars says in response to Carter’s 110-page decision.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="R3WgtH">
The root cause of ballooning homelessness seen in high-cost cities over the past few decades is rising housing prices. Housing insecurity is a fact of life, but tent cities springing up in Los Angeles, Seattle, and Washington, DC, are a modern phenomenon caused primarily by the burdensome costs of renting. Before the 1980s, “There were people with mental illness, lots of people with substance abuse disorders, lots of poor people, all the same issues, but there was not widespread homelessness,” National Alliance to End Homelessness CEO Nan Roman <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-07-06/why-is-homelessness-such-a-problem-in-u-s-cities">told</a> Bloomberg CityLab in 2020. “What changed was the housing.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AfumZd">
A <a href="https://www.zillow.com/research/homelessness-rent-affordability-22247/">2018 Zillow report</a> tracking the relationship between rent affordability and homelessness concluded that “communities where people spend more than 32 percent of their income on rent can expect a more rapid increase in homelessness.”
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="A chart showing a correlation between levels of homelessness and a lack of area rent affordability." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/onCU-VD6GK-AYPigoor0ErCKonc=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22512911/Screen_Shot_2021_05_13_at_4.42.48_PM.png"/> <cite><a class="ql-link" href="https://www.zillow.com/research/homelessness-rent-affordability-22247/" target="_blank">Zillow</a></cite>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Lux6gh">
A US Government Accountability Office <a href="https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-20-427.pdf">report</a> in 2017 found that nearly half of all renter households were “rent burdened” (that is, paying more than 30 percent of their household income on rent). For extremely low-income Americans, the picture was even worse — 72 percent of them were spending more than half their income on rent. The situation in Los Angeles is especially stark: A <a href="https://news.usc.edu/179928/los-angeles-rent-burdened-households-basic-needs-usc-research/">USC Sol Price Center for Social Innovation survey</a> conducted from January to October 2019 found that 75 percent of LA households spent more than 30 percent of their income on rent and utilities.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kUlGJz">
What’s more, rents in LA increased 28 percent between 2000 and 2010 while median household incomes rose just 1.2 percent, according to the LA Department of City Planning. All of these numbers mean the same thing: The number of people at risk of homelessness has risen sharply.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oLDC0k">
This precarious position means that even if every person who is currently homeless were offered a residence today, more people will continue to experience homelessness as minor financial emergencies push their families into economic despair. Stopping this flow requires permanent and affordable housing solutions. As the LA Times editorial board writes: “The order treats skid row’s homeless population as an identifiable group, when in fact the population fluctuates. … In addition to the people who come and go on the street, there are those who move into and out of interim shelters in the neighborhood.”
</p>
<div class="c-float-right c-float-hang">
<aside id="QpsLT8">
<q>“It’s a doctor who gets the diagnosis right but the prescription completely wrong”</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FEvpNh">
Heidi Marston, executive director of the Los Angeles Homelessness Services Authority, <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/federal-judge-orders-los-angeles-shelter-homeless-people-skid-row-n1265005">noted to NBC</a> that while LA County rehouses an average of 207 people every day, 227 people fall into homelessness at the same time.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WCGcg7">
In his opinion, Carter calls prioritizing long-term housing a “deadly decision” because the slow pace of affordable housing development ignores the tens of thousands of people left in the streets. But the problem is not that LA has prioritized long-term housing over temporary shelters — the problem is that LA’s solution for long-term housing is insufficient.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="s20lji">
In a document disseminated five days following his original ruling, Carter clarified that “the Court’s preliminary injunction calls for both interim shelter and long-term housing,” but added that his order to clear Skid Row by mid-October remained in effect. So if Los Angeles were to comply, the solution would have to be temporary shelters.
</p>
<h3 id="yOnIVk">
Just give people money — and ensure abundant housing
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kwHFOJ">
The most direct way Los Angeles currently perpetuates racial and economic segregation is through exclusionary zoning laws, which restrict the type and supply of housing and often place limits on more affordable options like apartment buildings and multiplexes in favor of single-family homes that are out of reach for lower-income residents.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ooP3m6">
Los Angeles has refused to respond to its massive housing shortage by liberalizing its zoning laws. Carter touches on this in his opinion: “Without major rezoning initiatives, Los Angeles will continue to lack the infrastructure to meet the homelessness crisis and stem growing housing insecurity.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eGxcsk">
One key example of this happened in March, when the LA City Council <a href="https://www.latimes.com/opinion/livable-city/la-oe-vallianatos-sb-827-housing-zoning-20180402-story.html">voted to oppose a bill that would</a> “allow small-to-medium-sized apartment buildings to be built” near highly used transit stops. This type of legislation would help increase the housing supply — making it legal to build more than one home on one lot means more people can find a place to live. This isn’t a quick fix, but smaller units are generally more affordable than single-family homes due to both their size and the ability of developers to collect rents from multiple families on a single lot. Policies such as these can start to alleviate the pressure on hot housing markets and bring down rents.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4gRC6R">
But the city’s leadership — not only City Council members but also the mayor, Garcetti, who has said he wants to tackle homelessness — were against the measure. Council members alleged the bill would start “blowing up” and “chainsawing” neighborhoods, and Garcetti said he thought apartments just “wouldn’t ‘look right,’” according to <a href="https://www.latimes.com/opinion/livable-city/la-oe-vallianatos-sb-827-housing-zoning-20180402-story.html">an LA Times opinion article</a> written by LAplus director Mark Vallianatos.
</p>
<div class="c-float-left c-float-hang">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/_Z4cshs0wKxRLkgdyEsbQ70p0XY=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22512274/GettyImages_1161641056.jpg"/> <cite>Paul Chesne/Michael Ochs Archives/Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
A for-sale sign advertising a $3.8 million home looms over a homeless person sleeping in a tent on a side street in Venice, California, in 2019.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Zx52S4">
LA’s leadership is still committed to the very policies that are putting so many people on the brink of homelessness. The reason for this is clear: Many of LA’s own residents are unwilling to see affordable housing built in their communities. Though <a href="https://www.lamag.com/citythinkblog/proposition-hhh-debacle/">77 percent of voters approved</a> a 2016 bond measure that created the Prop HHH Supportive Housing Loan Program, Greenlee said neighbors often oppose the developments in practice.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pbMBiQ">
“If you look at what’s happened in places like Venice or even Hollywood, the communities have turned out in force to protest the sighting of permanent supportive housing in their communities,” he added. “They’re classist, homelessness-ist. … People just don’t want that in their communities.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fOCzPP">
Carter’s remedy does require the LA City Council Homelessness and Poverty Committee to report back with specific actions to address the crisis, including “the possibility of rezoning to accommodate more R3 (multi-family) zoning.” But in comparison to the bold changes he demands for temporary housing, it’s clear his heart really isn’t in it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7TIxD7">
“If [Carter] had ordered the city to rezone, we would have applauded it,” Doye told Vox.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zBhvJZ">
For many, this solution can seem too far off. How long can people wait until rents start becoming more affordable? That’s why many advocates for the unhoused favor combining zoning reform with a dramatic expansion and liberalization of the housing voucher program to ensure low-income Americans can get help paying rent as cities attempt to undo the damage caused by decades of classist zoning laws.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oaCTSD">
It’s one way a bias toward immediate action undermines the impetus for reform. There is no way to fix the homelessness crisis without also addressing the housing shortage. These are not discrete problems, and the desire to see them as separate reflects an unwillingness to address hard political realities in favor of a “quick fix” that is anything but.
</p>
<div class="c-wide-block">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/qkUwLR2vVqPI_bcun5XvgqICqvA=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22512732/GettyImages_1215182349.jpg"/> <cite>Apu Gomes/AFP via Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Tents line the 110 Freeway in Los Angeles on May 25, 2020.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div></li>
<li><strong>How angry Apple employees’ petition led to a controversial new hire’s departure</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A sign outside the Apple building on Homestead One." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/x8krpPbukNiy9Dq9q6LEYlIW04c=/0x0:5333x4000/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/69284512/823089766.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
One of Apple’s many corporate office buildings in Cupertino, California.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Even Apple can’t avoid employee conflict over issues like sexism.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZEQ7ZI">
It’s not every day that a new hire at a major tech company unleashes employee outrage, a public departure, and debates around sexism in the workplace. That’s particularly true at Apple — a secretive company that stands apart from its largest tech rival Google, which has a history of <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/22213494/google-union-alphabet-workers-tech-organizing-activism-labor">workplace activism</a> and a <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/8/2/20751822/google-employee-dissent-james-damore-cernekee-conservatives-bias">culture of employee dissent</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NB57A0">
But that’s what happened on Wednesday, when Apple abruptly parted ways with a new advertising product technology employee, Antonio García Martínez, after thousands of employees questioned his hiring.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PIDdnc">
The situation shows how tensions over gender parity in tech have persisted since exploding in November 2018 <a href="https://www.vox.com/2018/11/1/18048720/google-employee-walkout-activism-sexual-harassment">during the Google Walkout</a> and the Me Too movement. Even a company like Apple can’t entirely avoid being swept up in internal conflicts over fraught issues like sexism and political views that have caused rifts and PR crises across the tech industry.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8S7dTs">
Nearly 2,000 Apple employees signed an internal petition by Wednesday evening that criticized Apple’s decision to hire García Martínez, citing <a href="https://www.vox.com/2016/7/25/12267960/chaos-monkeys-antonio-garcia-martinez-silicon-valley-book-podcast">passages from his 2016 memoir</a>, including one in which he described “most women” in the San Francisco Bay Area as “soft and weak, cosseted and naive despite their claims of worldliness, and generally full of shit.” Silicon Valley has long been plagued by <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2021/3/1/22306508/amazon-race-discrimination-sexual-harassment-assault-lawsuit-charlotte-newman">gender bias</a> issues <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/6/17/18678541/women-tech-photoshop-diversity">and inequality</a>, and Apple employees opposed to his hiring said it was unfair to expect women at the company to work with someone who’d expressed and never apologized for misogynistic views.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qMhsa7">
García Martínez, a former Facebook product manager and writer, has previously said <a href="https://www.vox.com/2016/8/9/12415696/antonio-garcia-martinez-chaos-monkeys-recode-decode-podcast-transcript">that passage has been quoted out of context</a>, because he was making a positive comparison to his former romantic partner, not making a statement about women in isolation. Some people in the tech industry supporting García Martínez argued that he’s being <a href="https://twitter.com/paulg/status/1392756490138791937">unfairly punished for his personal writing</a>, which they say is <a href="https://twitter.com/Noahpinion/status/1392861594569170950">tongue-in-cheek</a> and not a serious reflection of his professional treatment of women.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qWQ4Im">
Ultimately, Apple sided with the protesting employees when it announced that García Martínez was no longer working at the company, just hours after the employee petition was sent to Apple executive Eddy Cue, and soon after the petition — which one organizer told Recode was not intended to become public — was <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2021/5/12/22432909/apple-petition-hiring-antonio-garcia-martinez-chaos-monkeys-facebook">reported on by The Verge</a><em>. </em>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8TlY91">
“At Apple, we have always strived to create an inclusive, welcoming workplace where everyone is respected and accepted,” an Apple spokesman sent in a statement. “Behavior that demeans or discriminates against people for who they are has no place here.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XieoZE">
The García Martínez petition marks one of the first known times that a sizable group of rank-and-file employees at Apple — a corporation known for a heads-down work culture — pushed back on a management decision with a petition, and actually succeeded in getting that decision reversed.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bFCayD">
The whole thing also unfolded rapidly. The controversy began earlier this week when it became public that Apple had hired García Martínez to help build out Apple’s competing ads department.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kPeMib">
When old passages from García Martínez’s book started going viral on Twitter, some Apple employees noticed and began organizing a petition internally at the company.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tEZVT6">
“We are profoundly distraught by what this hire means for Apple’s commitment to its inclusion goals, as well as its real and immediate impact on those working near Mr. García Martínez,” stated the letter, which goes on to demand an investigation into how García Martínez “published views on women and people of color were missed or ignored” in Apple’s hiring process. The letter called for Apple to take steps to prevent a similar situation from happening again.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lnKOUZ">
The petition pointed to other passages in García Martínez’s memoir, including one in which he describes the physique of a former female colleague at Facebook (“composed of alternating Bézier curves from top to bottom: convex, then concave, and then convex again, in a vertical undulation you couldn’t take your eyes off of”), refers to an economically disadvantaged city in Silicon Valley as a “slum,” and compares a former Indian colleague to “bored auto-rickshaw drivers” in New Delhi who would “overcharge you” for a ride.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pak3oC">
The petition didn’t specifically call for García Martínez to be fired, but it quickly gained traction and created pressure on the company to take action.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uIK3vv">
Even though many may find these passages from García Martínez’s book to be controversial, it should be noted that <em>Chaos Monkeys </em>was generally well-received by the tech press after it debuted in 2016 (including Recode, which interviewed him <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/6/11/18661701/facebook-google-twitter-executives-casey-newton-code-conference">in an onstage panel at its 2019 Code Conference</a>) — some <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-06-30/book-review-chaos-monkeys-a-silicon-valley-memoir?sref=Wg6QzS2e">criticism of sexism withstanding</a>. Until recently, García Martínez was a regular freelance contributor to Wired. He has worked at at least one other tech company since publishing his memoir, other than Apple, according to his LinkedIn profile.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FHj4dN">
Which is all to say that, García Martínez’s writing, even if distasteful to some, has not obviously impacted his career until now. And some argue that in an earlier era at Apple — especially given the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/steve-jobs-jerk-2011-10">so-called “brilliant jerk” leadership style</a> of former CEO and Apple co-founder Steve Jobs — that García Martínez’s writing might not have been such a major issue.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2M7LrD">
But in a post Me Too world, gender and racial equality is no longer seen as an afterthought in corporate life, especially not for rank-and-file employees. And women at the company raise an important question: Should they work with someone who has said he views most women in Silicon Valley as “weak”? And if those comments were truly made in jest, should Apple and/or García Martínez have publicly clarified that more explicitly?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6lRAa8">
An Apple employee involved in writing the petition, who spoke to Recode on the condition of anonymity for fear of professional repercussions, described their reaction to the news of Apple parting ways with García Martínez as “very celebratory but firm that this is only the first step,” and that organizers intend to continue pressing the company to investigate the circumstances around García Martínez’s hiring.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bc3LN1">
There are still many open questions around the situation — like if Apple was aware of García Martínez’s writing, if he was terminated or willingly resigned, and if he was given a chance to recant his earlier stated views before leaving.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="it8OFd">
Apple did not respond to Recode’s follow-up questions, and García Martínez declined to respond to a request for comment.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Dvl0xV">
What we do know is Apple is just one example of how major companies across corporate America are having to grapple with the consequences of employing people who espouse views that seem to be at odds with their own stated goals on inclusivity in the workplace. On Wednesday, Apple found itself in the position of being publicly pressured by its own usually quiet workforce to stay accountable to that promise.
</p></li>
<li><strong>Trump’s signature Israel policy had a key flaw. We’re seeing it now.</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/nOhlbqVZVzDkEBLPhTmEAS1hjeA=/134x0:3863x2797/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/69283921/1228528835.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Then-President Donald Trump with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu for the signing of the Abraham Accords on September 15, 2020, at the White House. | Saul Loeb/AFP via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The Abraham Accords didn’t resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Thursday’s deadly violence makes that clear.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pOS32Z">
First-term Sen. Bill Hagerty (R-TN), who stocked his office with <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/28/hagerty-office-trump-staffers-463535">13 former Trump administration staffers</a>, thinks the eruption of violence between <a href="https://www.vox.com/22430488/israel-gaza-war-2021-hamas-sheikh-jarrah">Israel and Hamas</a> this week is partly President Joe Biden’s fault.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="acAnIT">
“Last fall we saw a watershed shift toward peace w/the Abraham Accords,” Haggerty <a href="https://twitter.com/SenatorHagerty/status/1392611294013018112?s=20">tweeted</a> on Wednesday. “The entire region was eager for more. Biden had 4 months to build on this … Instead, Biden squandered those 4 months.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="O2A7dD">
The Senate Foreign Relations Committee member’s case is one that other <a href="https://www.foxnews.com/media/liberal-figures-blaming-jared-kushner-abraham-accords-israeli-palestinian-violence">Republicans and allies of former President Trump have been making</a> in recent days.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="A52UOw">
They note Trump brokered <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/12/10/22167665/morocco-israel-trump-normalization-western-sahara">normalization-of-relations</a> deals between Israel and four Arab nations: the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Sudan, and Morocco. Those pacts, known as the Abraham Accords, served two main purposes.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="miMI85">
The first was straightforward: They allowed Israel to engage openly and officially with countries that refused to recognize its existence for years. That historic development received <a href="https://www.foreign.senate.gov/press/ranking/release/menendez-graham-young-and-cardin-lead-bipartisan-senate-resolution-congratulating-israel-uae-and-bahrain-on-historic-abraham-accords">bipartisan support in the US</a>, and many today want Biden to build upon the foundation Trump left him.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XS7yuG">
The second was more nuanced. Many of those and other Arab nations, like <a href="https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/saudi-monarch-expresses-support-for-palestinian-people/2239522">Saudi Arabia</a>, are key backers of Palestinians in their decades-long dispute with Israel. But by getting them to interact with Israel, the idea was that they might let their support for the Palestinians slip and side a little closer with the Israelis.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4NDAvm">
If that happened, the theory went, Palestinian leaders would have no choice but to negotiate a peace deal with Israel. Jared Kushner, the main architect of the accords during the Trump years, has remained confident this might happen. “We are witnessing the last vestiges of what has been known as the Arab-Israeli conflict,” he wrote in the <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/opportunity-beckons-in-the-mideast-11615750526">Wall Street Journal</a> two months ago.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Pin0fV">
It’s hard to overstate how bold this play was. Former Secretary of State <a href="https://twitter.com/ArthurSchwartz/status/1306562339949277184?s=20">John Kerry</a>, now Biden’s top climate envoy, told a Washington, DC, audience in 2016 that there was no chance of striking normalization pacts before signing a peace deal between Israelis and Palestinians. “There will be no separate peace between Israel and the Arab world,” he said. “That is a hard reality.”
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<div id="A3YjMV">
<div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Jo4px0">
So are Hagerty and his fellow conservatives right? Are we witnessing violence that’s seen over <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/5/10/22428819/israel-palestine-jerusalem-mosque-violence-biden">80 people in Gaza and seven others in Israel killed</a> because Biden “squandered” the momentum of Trump’s Abraham Accords? Experts I spoke to are unanimous in their answer: absolutely not.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Q5n3TU">
“That’s nonsense on multiple levels, to be honest,” said H.A. Hellyer, a scholar at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in DC. “I just don’t really buy that argument at all,” Guy Ziv, an assistant professor at American University, also in the capital, said of the growing conservative argument.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="CTQj0Q">
The reason, they and others say, is that the Abraham Accords weren’t struck to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. They were designed, well, to help Israel normalize relations with Arab nations.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="v2GrHz">
The plight of the Palestinians was an afterthought, if even that. Along with the US, “the Abraham Accords gave Israel the impression they could proceed without anything significant with the Palestinians,” Hellyer said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Ds4Gnf">
And that was a problem, because instead of trying to strike some sort of deal with the Palestinians, the Israelis realized they could push for whatever they wanted with America’s full support. In effect, the Abraham Accords emboldened the Israelis while allowing them to disregard Palestinian demands or rights.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pyL3M9">
That, simply put, doesn’t resolve a conflict. It fuels it.
</p>
<h3 id="55vopF">
The current crisis is over issues the Abraham Accords ignored
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QjCAiF">
Hagerty and his ilk have a point. The Biden administration purposely aimed to stay out of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict to focus on other priorities like the coronavirus pandemic, the rise of China, and bolstering America’s democracy. To this day, the president has <a href="https://www.vox.com/22432247/israel-palestine-gaza-conflict-biden-democrats">yet to name an ambassador to Israel or a special envoy for the crisis</a>, and now his team is scrambling to push regional players to deescalate tensions.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JYazBm">
That on its own would lend credence to the squandered-opportunity narrative. Such a case would ring truer, though, if the Abraham Accords had had any positive effect on the current Israeli-Palestinian conflict. But they didn’t, which means Biden’s hands-off approach and failure so far to strike another normalization deal isn’t why Israel and Gaza are warring.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JLJxri">
What does explain the troubling fight is more local to Israel and the Palestinian territories.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/4ZbEMc2Y2N5bzZ5hawThuidc4Ok=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22513093/1232817989.jpg"/> <cite>Laurent Van Der Stockt/Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Israeli police argue with a local at the al-Aqsa Mosque during Israel’s “Jerusalem Day” on May 10.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="E0xX5K">
Last week, <a href="https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/how-jerusalems-police-shoot-first-and-ask-later-analysis-667700">Israeli police</a> in Jerusalem blocked off the Damascus Gate, a popular gathering place for Arabs during Ramadan, sparking protests. An attempt by Jewish settlers to evict longtime Arab residents of Sheikh Jarrah, an Arab neighborhood of East Jerusalem, inflamed tensions, leading to violent clashes with Israeli police. Arab youth <a href="https://www.ynetnews.com/article/SyFU7k0IO">attacked ultra-Orthodox Jews</a> in the city, and Jewish extremists assailed Arab residents.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QPN4WW">
All of this culminated in a violent Israeli police raid on <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/10/world/middleeast/jerusalem-protests-aqsa-palestinians.html">the al-Aqsa Mosque</a>, Jerusalem’s holiest site for Muslims, located on the Temple Mount (the holiest site in the world for Jews).
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yRtGoR">
Then Hamas, the Islamist militant group that has ruled Gaza since 2007, fired rockets at Jerusalem. Ostensibly, this was a display of solidarity with the protesters on the ground. But it appears to have been a political calculation — Hamas attempting to capitalize on Palestinian anger over the violence in Jerusalem to expand its own influence, especially in the wake of recently canceled Palestinian elections that likely would have strengthened its political position.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZwODeW">
Israel retaliated strongly, and now rockets from Gaza rip through civilians homes in Israel, and Israeli warplanes bomb Hamas and civilian targets in Gaza.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RKzP34">
Little of that has anything to do with the Abraham Accords, at least not directly. In fact, the pacts deliberately sidelined the Palestinian issue in favor of other priorities.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Ba6Vl9">
“The Emiratis had their own impetus, the Bahrainis their own impetus. And then the Moroccans wanted their sovereignty over Western Sahara recognized in exchanged for very limited recognition of Israel. And the Sudanese were put in a terribly awful position due to the continuation of sanctions,” said Carnegie’s Hellyer. “But across the board, Palestinians were absent from the impetus.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iTIgsd">
On the one hand, that’s understandable: Trump’s team certainly didn’t want to wait for progress on the peace process before helping Israel normalize relations with four former adversaries. But on the other hand, that decision was deeply problematic because it left the crisis to fester just as Biden was coming into office.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UQcPTV">
The eruption after Israeli police and Palestinian protesters clashed at the mosque is case in point. “You can’t just wish this issue away,” said American University’s Ziv. “The situation is getting out of control.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FjQWjh">
It’s so out of control now that Kushner’s hope for closer Israeli-Arab ties to revive the peace process likely won’t come true anytime soon. Similarly, it’s hard to imagine any Palestinians would want to negotiate for peace imminently.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UJoeds">
There’s still a role for Biden to play. After helping to calm tensions, Ziv said, the president should present his own vision for a peace plan and put pressure on the Israelis and Palestinians to start talking. “There’s no adult in the room, and that’s where the US could step in,” he told me.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TBGNbg">
What won’t work, though, is believing more side accords that don’t involve the Palestinians will somehow lead to peace between Israelis and Palestinians. It hasn’t worked yet, and it likely won’t work in the future, either.
</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Coronavirus | Michael Hussey tests negative, Wriddhiman Saha tests positive again</strong> - Both Hussey and Saha had first tested positive during the now suspended IPL</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Protest over denying opportunity to a Paralympic champion</strong> - Disability rights activists, Para sports persons and archers from different parts of the world are expected to take part in an online protest on May 1</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Hawks, Knicks clinch playoff berths</strong> - Narrow win keeps Lakers’ hopes alive for a play-in spot</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Shooting | Decoding Chinki Yadav’s omission from team</strong> - Rahi puts things in perspective as regards the reigning World No.1 in sports pistol.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Irfan, four others test COVID positive</strong> - Four support staff were also positive; all have been quarantined</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mamata Banerjee writes to PM Modi, urges him to be fair and quick in PSA plant allotment</strong> - She said the State, which was scheduled to get 70 PSA plants, has now been intimated that four such oxygen generating units would be set up in the first phase.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Minister takes stock of COVID-19 situation in Kallakurichi</strong> - Minister for Higher Education K. Ponmudi on Friday directed the district administration to conduct door-to-door testing in the rural areas and also a</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Covid Care Centre inaugurated in Hassan city</strong> - It has 100 beds</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>DJ held for hurting Gujarat CM’s reputation through spoof video</strong> - ‘The accused was identified as Pradeep Kahar, a resident of Kahar Mohalla in Dandiya Bazaar locality of Vadodara’</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Move SC afresh for raising quota limit: Fadnavis to Maha govt</strong> - His statement comes a day after the Centre moved the Supreme Court seeking review of the May 5 majority verdict.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Covid: Greece ends lockdown measures and opens to tourists</strong> - Flights arrive in Greece as restrictions on movement are lifted, but infections are still quite high.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Paris seeks to ban through traffic in city centre by 2022</strong> - The council wants to create a low-traffic zone to reduce pollution and congestion.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Irish health service hit by cyber attack</strong> - Many medical appointments are cancelled but Covid-19 vaccinations are proceeding as normal.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Turkish company cuts power supply to Lebanon</strong> - Turkish firm Karpowership shuts down its generators over a lack of payment and a legal dispute.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Russia picks team for film shot on International Space Station</strong> - An actress and director will blast off in October - but Tom Cruise also plans to visit the ISS.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Rocket Report: Starship orbital flight details, Ariane 5 may delay Webb launch</strong> - Also, Boeing’s Starliner spacecraft gets a new launch date. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1765014">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Lenovo’s new “Go” brand of travel gear kicks off with a wireless-charging mouse</strong> - Also announced: a 20,000 mAh portable charger for users’ various devices. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1764990">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>New users can get 3 months of Xbox Game Pass Ultimate for $1 today</strong> - Dealmaster also has deals on iPhone cases, Garmin watches, and robot vacuums. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1764814">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>New analysis confirms hypothesis for source of mysterious auroral “dunes”</strong> - Ongoing collaboration between physicists and amateur stargazers yields new insights. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1763383">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Tesla owner who “drives” from back seat got arrested, then did it again</strong> - Man jailed for leaving driver seat empty says he feels safer in back seat. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1764902">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>My last girlfriend said I was unnecessarily mysterious.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Or did she?
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/ricerly"> /u/ricerly </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/nc0nmt/my_last_girlfriend_said_i_was_unnecessarily/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/nc0nmt/my_last_girlfriend_said_i_was_unnecessarily/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>I asked the pirate why he had a steering wheel on his dick</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He said “Arr.. it drives me nuts”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/boomshiki"> /u/boomshiki </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/nc09ax/i_asked_the_pirate_why_he_had_a_steering_wheel_on/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/nc09ax/i_asked_the_pirate_why_he_had_a_steering_wheel_on/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>Railroad</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A man who had spent his whole life in the desert visited a friend. He’d never seen a train or the tracks they run on. While standing in the middle of the RR tracks, he heard a whistle, but didn’t know what it was. Predictably, he’s hit and is thrown, ass-over-tea-kettle, to the side of the tracks, with some minor internal injuries, a few broken bones, and some bruises.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
After weeks in the hospital recovering, he’s at his friend’s house attending a party. While in the kitchen, he suddenly hears the teakettle whistling. He grabs a baseball bat from the nearby closet and proceeds to batter and bash the teakettle into an unrecognizable lump of metal. His friend, hearing the ruckus, rushes into the kitchen, sees what’s happened and asks the desert man, “Why’d you ruin my good tea kettle?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The desert man replies, “Man, you gotta kill these things when they’re small.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/orgasmic2021"> /u/orgasmic2021 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/nc1p13/railroad/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/nc1p13/railroad/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>A man says to his doctor “Doctor, I have an embarrassing sexual problem”</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The doctor says “Tell me about your sex life,”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The man says “Well, first thing in the morning, the wife and I have a quick ‘morning glory’. Then I go to work and about eleven o’clock my secretary gives me a BJ at my desk. I nip home at lunchtime and do the wife over the kitchen table, then after work I go to see my mistress from five until seven. Then after dinner my wife and I generally hit the bed early for a serious session, sometimes two or three.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“I see,” says the doctor, “and what seems to be the problem?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Well,” says the patient, “it hurts when I masturbate.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Gil-Gandel"> /u/Gil-Gandel </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/nc2li6/a_man_says_to_his_doctor_doctor_i_have_an/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/nc2li6/a_man_says_to_his_doctor_doctor_i_have_an/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>I got caught masturbating to an optical illusion</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
I said “it’s not what it looks like”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Heliolisk_Matt05"> /u/Heliolisk_Matt05 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/nbskgn/i_got_caught_masturbating_to_an_optical_illusion/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/nbskgn/i_got_caught_masturbating_to_an_optical_illusion/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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