navan
/
Daily-Dose
mirror of https://github.com/navanchauhan/Daily-Dose.git
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Projects Releases Wiki Activity

Added daily report

This commit is contained in:
Navan Chauhan 2023-10-13 12:45:24 +00:00
parent 1901cd7aeb
commit 50763e56c7
3 changed files with 681 additions and 2 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

190
archive-covid-19/13 October, 2023.html Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="" xml:lang="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta content="pandoc" name="generator"/>
<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes" name="viewport"/>
<title>13 October, 2023</title>
<style>
code{white-space: pre-wrap;}
span.smallcaps{font-variant: small-caps;}
span.underline{text-decoration: underline;}
div.column{display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 50%;}
div.hanging-indent{margin-left: 1.5em; text-indent: -1.5em;}
ul.task-list{list-style: none;}
</style>
<title>Covid-19 Sentry</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
<body>
<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Antecedents and consequences of telework during the COVID-19 pandemic: A natural experiment in Japan</strong> -
<div>
With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, companies around the world have been introducing telework. However, Japan stands out for its low rate of telework implementation, and it seems there may be cultural factors that have hindered telework use in Japan during the pandemic. In this study, we aim to clarify the antecedents and consequences of telework in Japan, making use of the natural experiment created by the COVID-19 pandemic to examine the following two questions: (1) What socio-psychological factors in workplaces were important for introducing telework in the first place? and (2) How did the implementation of telework subsequently influence socio-psychological factors in these workplaces? Three waves of an online survey were conducted among the same employees working for Japanese companies before and during the pandemic. We found that telework in Japan was more readily introduced in organizations characterized by meritocracy. We also found that the introduction of telework in Japanese companies did not have any negative effects but instead increased levels of independence, organizational commitment and perceived hierarchy mutability. We discuss how telework interacts with culture at both societal and organizational levels.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/rxn4u/" target="_blank">Antecedents and consequences of telework during the COVID-19 pandemic: A natural experiment in Japan</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>An ethnographic analysis virtual peer review panels</strong> -
<div>
In the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, many research funding organisations were faced with the choice of suspending or else continuing their decision-making processes, including peer review panels, virtually. Although seen part of a longer drive to make peer review more cost and time efficient, it is still not fully understood how peer review panels, more commonly operating in a face-to-face (F2F) setting, function in a virtual environment. Using a series of observation of 4 peer review panels conducted virtually during 2020 at the Research Council of Norway (Forskningsrådet), this research explores the move from face-to-face to virtual panel deliberation and how panellists behaved in this new environment. Despite the virtual panels arguably conducted more efficiently, saving time and money by panellists participating from their home-settings, a number of behaviours around the role of the Panel Chair, and the collective presence during the decision-making process, suggest alternations as to how panels reached and confirmed consensus in the virtual environment. Deliberate mechanisms to confirm consensus was required during panels thus suggesting a more onerous workload mid, and post-panel work for Panel Chairs and managers. In addition, whereas a majority of panel members had experience working together in the past, the introduction of new panel members was restricted in an online environment, leading to instances where new panel members would lead discussions, and present conflicting information during evaluations. These preliminary results indicate that more information is needed about how the virtual environment influences peer review processes before a more permanent change is adopted by funding agencies.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/fbkr6/" target="_blank">An ethnographic analysis virtual peer review panels</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Virtual Simulated Placements in Healthcare Education: A scoping review</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Abstract Introduction A virtual simulated placement (VSP) is a computer-generated version of a practice placement. COVID-19 drove increased adoption of virtual technology in clinical education. Accordingly, the number of VSP publications increased from 2020. This review aims to determine the scope of this literature to inform future research questions. Objective Assess the range and types of evidence related to VSPs across the healthcare professions. Inclusion criteria Studies that focussed on healthcare students participating in VSPs. Hybrid, augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR) placements were excluded. Methods Fourteen databases were searched, limited to English, and dated from 1st January 2020. Supplementary searches were employed, and an updated search was conducted on 9th July 2023. Themes were synthesised using the PAGER framework to highlight patterns, advances, gaps, evidence for practice and research recommendations. Results Twenty-eight papers were reviewed. All VSPs were designed in response to pandemic restrictions. Students were primarily from medicine and nursing. Few publications were from developing nations. There was limited stakeholder involvement in the VSP designs and a lack of robust research designs, consistent outcome measures, conceptual underpinnings, and immersive technologies. Despite this, promising trends for student experience, knowledge, communication, and critical thinking skills using VSPs have emerged. Conclusion. This review maps the VSP evidence across medicine, nursing, midwifery and allied health. Before a systematic review is feasible across healthcare, allied health and midwifery research require greater representation. Based on the highlighted gaps, other areas for future research are suggested.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.12.23296932v1" target="_blank">Virtual Simulated Placements in Healthcare Education: A scoping review</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>A nationwide study of 331 rare diseases among 58 million individuals: prevalence, demographics, and COVID-19 outcomes</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: The Global Burden of Disease study has provided key evidence to inform clinicians, researchers, and policy makers across common diseases, but no similar effort with single study design exists for hundreds of rare diseases. Consequently, many rare conditions lack population-level evidence including prevalence and clinical vulnerability. This has led to the absence of evidence-based care for rare diseases, prominently in the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: This study used electronic health records (EHRs) of more than 58 million people in England, linking nine National Health Service datasets spanning healthcare settings for people alive on Jan 23, 2020. Starting with all rare diseases listed in Orphanet, we quality assured and filtered down to analyse 331 conditions with ICD-10 or SNOMED-CT mappings clinically validated in our dataset. We report 1) population prevalence, clinical and demographic details of rare diseases, and 2) investigate differences in mortality with SARs-CoV-2. Findings: Among 58,162,316 individuals, we identified 894,396 with at least one rare disease. Prevalence data in Orphanet originates from various sources with varying degrees of precision. Here we present reproducible age and gender-adjusted estimates for all 331 rare diseases, including first estimates for 186 (56.2%) without any reported prevalence estimate in Orphanet. We identified 49 rare diseases significantly more frequent in females and 62 in males. Similarly we identified 47 rare diseases more frequent in Asian as compared to White ethnicity and 22 with higher Black to white ratios as compared to similar ratios in population controls. 37 rare diseases were overrepresented in the white population as compared to both Black and Asian ethnicities. In total, 7,965 of 894,396 (0.9%) of rare-disease patients died from COVID-19, as compared to 141,287 of 58,162,316 (0.2%) in the full study population. Eight rare diseases had significantly increased risks for COVID-19-related mortality in fully vaccinated individuals, with bullous pemphigoid (8.07[3.01-21.62]) being worst affected. Interpretation: Our study highlights that National-scale EHRs provide a unique resource to estimate detailed prevalence, clinical and demographic data for rare diseases. Using COVID-19-related mortality analysis, we showed the power of large-scale EHRs in providing insights to inform public health decision-making for these often neglected patient populations.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.12.23296948v1" target="_blank">A nationwide study of 331 rare diseases among 58 million individuals: prevalence, demographics, and COVID-19 outcomes</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Mathematical modeling of SARS-CoV-2 variant substitutions in European countries: Transmission dynamics and epidemiological insights</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: Countries across Europe have faced similar evolutions of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs, including the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants. Materials and Methods: We used data from GISAID and applied a robust, automated mathematical substitution model to study the dynamics of COVID-19 variants across Europe over a period of more than two years, from late 2020 to early 2023. This model identifies variant substitution patterns and distinguishes between residual and dominant behavior. We used weekly sequencing data from 19 European countries to estimate the increase in transmissibility (∆β) between consecutive SARS-CoV-2 variants. In addition, we focused on large countries with separate regional outbreaks and complex scenarios of multiple competing variants. Results: Our model accurately reproduced the observed substitution patterns between the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron major variants. We estimated the daily variant prevalence and calculated ∆β between variants, revealing that: (i) ∆β increased progressively from the Alpha to the Omicron variant; (ii) ∆β showed a high degree of variability within Omicron variants; (iii) a higher ∆β was associated with a later emergence of the variant within a country; (iv) a higher degree of immunization of the population against previous variants was associated with a higher ∆β for the Delta variant; (v) larger countries exhibited smaller ∆β, suggesting regionally diverse outbreaks within the same country; and finally (vi) the model reliably captures the dynamics of competing variants, even in complex scenarios. Conclusions: The use of mathematical models allows for the precise and reliable estimation of daily cases of each variant. By quantifying ∆β, we have tracked the spread of the different variants across Europe, highlighting a robust increase in transmissibility trend from Alpha to Omicron. On the other hand, we have shown that the country-level increases in transmissibility can always be influenced by the geographical characteristics of the country and the timing of the emergence of the variant.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.12.23296888v1" target="_blank">Mathematical modeling of SARS-CoV-2 variant substitutions in European countries: Transmission dynamics and epidemiological insights</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in the RhineNeckar/Heidelberg Region 01/2021 07/2023</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
At the beginning of 2021 the monitoring of the circulating variants of SARS-CoV-2 was established in Germany in accordance with the Corona Surveillance Act (discontinued after July 2023) to allow a better containment of the pandemic, because certain amino acid exchanges (especially) in the spike protein lead to higher transmission as well as a reduced vaccination efficacy. Therefore, our group performed whole genome sequencing applying the ARTIC protocol (currently V4) on Illumina9s NextSeq 500 platform (and starting in May 2023 on the MiSeq DX platform) for SARS-CoV-2 positive specimen from patients of the Heidelberg University Hospital (and associated hospitals) as well as the Public health office in Rhine-Neckar/Heidelberg region. Our group sequenced a total of 26,795 SARS-CoV-2-positive samples between January 2021 and July 2023 - valid sequences, according to the requirements for sequence upload to the German electronic sequencing data hub (DESH) operated by the Robert Koch Institute (RKI), could be determined for 24,852 samples, while the lineage/clade could be identified for 25,912 samples. While the year 2021 was very dynamic and changing regarding the circulating variants in the Rhine-Neckar/Heidelberg region with the initial non-variant of concerns, followed by A.27.RN and the rise of B.1.1.7 in winter/spring and its displacement by B.1.617.2 in spring/summer, which remained almost exclusive until the beginning of December and the first B.1.1.529 incidences, which rose to a proportion of 40 percent by the end of 2021 (and superseded B.1.617.2 by January 2022 with a proportion of over 90 percent). The years 2022 and 2023 were then dominated by B.1.1.529 and its numerous sublineages, especially BA.5 and BA.2, and more recently by the rise of recombinant variants, such as XBB.1.5. By the end of July 2023 (and since calendar week 20) the proportion of the recombinant variants amounted to 100 percent of all circulating variants in the Rhine-Neckar/Heidelberg region.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.12.23296928v1" target="_blank">Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in the RhineNeckar/Heidelberg Region 01/2021 07/2023</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Sarbecovirus disease susceptibility is conserved across viral and host models</strong> -
<div>
Coronaviruses have caused three severe epidemics since the start of the 21st century: SARS, MERS and COVID-19. The severity of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and increasing likelihood of future coronavirus outbreaks motivates greater understanding of factors leading to severe coronavirus disease. We screened ten strains from the Collaborative Cross mouse genetic reference panel and identified strains CC006/TauUnc (CC006) and CC044/Unc (CC044) as coronavirus-susceptible and resistant, respectively, as indicated by variable weight loss and lung congestion scores four days post-infection. We generated a genetic mapping population of 755 CC006xCC044 F2 mice and exposed the mice to one of three genetically distinct mouse-adapted coronaviruses: clade 1a SARS-CoV MA15 (n=391), clade 1b SARS-CoV-2 MA10 (n=274), and clade 2 HKU3-CoV MA (n=90). Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping in SARS-CoV- and SARS-CoV-2-infected F2 mice identified genetic loci associated with disease severity. Specifically, we identified seven loci associated with variation in outcome following infection with either virus, including one, HrS45, that is present in both groups. Three of these QTL, including HrS45, were also associated with HKU3-CoV MA outcome. HrS45 overlaps with a QTL previously reported by our lab that is associated with SARS-CoV outcome in CC011xCC074 F2 mice and is also syntenic with a human chromosomal region associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes in humans GWAS. The results reported here provide: (a) additional support for the involvement of this locus in SARS-CoV MA15 infection, (b) the first conclusive evidence that this locus is associated with susceptibility across the Sarbecovirus subgenus, and (c) demonstration of the relevance of mouse models in the study of coronavirus disease susceptibility in humans.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.11.561544v1" target="_blank">Sarbecovirus disease susceptibility is conserved across viral and host models</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Sex-Specific Development of ssRNA Virus Receptor Gene Expression in the Human Brain</strong> -
<div>
Viral infection severity often varies with host factors such as age and sex. The pathogenesis of infections caused by a broad range of viruses, from neurotropic viruses like Rabies and Zika to respiratory viruses such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2, differ between the sexes and across the lifespan. Typically, older males are more susceptible to severe acute outcomes, while females are more vulnerable to the post-acute sequelae of infections. All of these complications can include neuroinflammation, stroke, cognitive dysfunction, and delirium. While these symptoms can be secondary to infection, recent studies suggest that even peripheral infections can lead to neuropathological changes in the brain. However, few studies have characterized the expression of viral receptors in the human brain or examined age- or sex-related differences in such expression. In this study, we used a publicly accessible transcriptomic database to assess the impact of age and sex on the expression of 67 viral host factor genes, associated with ten virus families. Analyzing data from 15 brain areas (n=33, F=14, M=19, age:4 mo-80 yrs), we determined the lifespan trajectory for each gene in each area via LOESS regressions. We used unsupervised hierarchical clustering to determine if a brain-wide pattern or virus family pattern can be detected. Using Dense-tSNE, a dimension-reduction and visualization technique, we discovered four distinct developmental trajectories, clustering the areas into two mixed-sex subcortical clusters and one each of male and female cortical clusters. Applying Differential Expression Sliding Window Analysis (DeSWAN), we identified the genes driving these age- and sex-related differences. Many sex differences were noted in childhood, potentially impacting the brain's susceptibility to viral infections and underscoring a broader dimorphic organization of male and female brains. These insights contribute to our understanding of sex-specific responses to viral infections, offering the potential for more personalized treatment strategies.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.11.561925v1" target="_blank">Sex-Specific Development of ssRNA Virus Receptor Gene Expression in the Human Brain</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Modelling the impact of population mobility, post-infection immunity and vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the Dominican Republic</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
COVID-19 epidemic dynamics are driven by a complex interplay of factors including population behaviour, government interventions, new variants, vaccination campaigns and immunity from prior infections. We aimed to quantify the epidemic drivers of SARS-CoV-2 dynamics in the Dominican Republic, an upper-middle income country of 10.8 million people, and assess the impact of the vaccination campaign implemented in February 2021 in saving lives and averting hospitalisations. We used an age-structured, multi-variant transmission dynamic model to characterise epidemic drivers in the Dominican Republic and explore counterfactual scenarios around vaccination coverage and population mobility. We fit the model to reported deaths, hospital bed occupancy, ICU bed occupancy and seroprevalence data until December 2021 and simulated epidemic trajectories under different counterfactual vaccination scenarios. We estimate that vaccination averted 5040 hospital admissions (95% CrI: 4750 - 5350), 1500 ICU admissions (95% CrI: 1420 - 1590) and 544 deaths (95% CrI: 488 - 606) in the first 6 months of the campaign. We also found that early vaccination with Sinovac-CoronaVac was preferable to delayed vaccination using a product with higher efficacy. We investigated the trade-off between changes in vaccination coverage and population mobility to understand how much relaxation of social distancing measures vaccination was able to 9buy9 in the later stages of a pandemic. We found that if no vaccination had occurred, an additional decrease of 10-20% in population mobility would have been required to maintain the same death and hospitalisation outcomes. We found SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics in the Dominican Republic were driven by substantial accumulation of immunity during the first two years of the pandemic but that, despite this, vaccination was essential in enabling a return to pre-pandemic mobility levels without incurring considerable additional morbidity and mortality.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.05.23296586v2" target="_blank">Modelling the impact of population mobility, post-infection immunity and vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the Dominican Republic</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The assembly of neutrophil inflammasomes during COVID-19 is mediated by type I interferons</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The severity of COVID-19 is linked to excessive inflammation. Neutrophils represent a critical arm of the innate immune response and are major mediators of inflammation, but their role in COVID-19 pathophysiology remains poorly understood. We conducted transcriptomic profiling of neutrophils obtained from patients with mild and severe COVID-19, as well as from SARS-CoV-2 infected mice, in comparison to non-infected healthy controls. In addition, we investigated the inflammasome formation potential in neutrophils from patients and mice upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. Transcriptomic analysis of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), consisting mainly of mature neutrophils, revealed a striking type I interferon (IFN-I) gene signature in severe COVID-19 patients, contrasting with mild COVID-19 and healthy controls. Notably, low-density granulocytes (LDGs) from severe COVID-19 patients exhibited an immature neutrophil phenotype and lacked this IFN-I signature. Moreover, PMNs from severe COVID-19 patients showed heightened nigericin-induced caspase1 activation, but reduced responsiveness to exogenous inflammasome priming. Furthermore, IFN-I emerged as a priming stimulus for neutrophil inflammasomes, which was confirmed in a COVID-19 mouse model. These findings underscore the crucial role of neutrophil inflammasomes in driving inflammation during severe COVID-19. Altogether, these findings open promising avenues for targeted therapeutic interventions to mitigate the pathological processes associated with the disease.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.07.23295190v3" target="_blank">The assembly of neutrophil inflammasomes during COVID-19 is mediated by type I interferons</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>No evidence that analgesic use after COVID-19 vaccination negatively impacts antibody responses</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Uptake of mRNA vaccines, especially booster immunizations, against COVID-19 has been lower than hoped, perhaps in part due to their reactogenicity. Analgesics might alleviate symptoms associated with vaccination, but studies to measure their impact on immune responses have been limited to relatively small cohorts. We semi-quantitatively measured antibody responses following COVID-19 vaccination in 2354 participants surveyed about analgesic use. Participants who used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or acetaminophen after vaccination showed elevated antibody levels against the receptor binding domain of Spike protein relative to those who did not use analgesics. This pattern was observed for both mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 and across age groups. Participants who used analgesics more frequently reported fatigue, muscle aches, and headaches than those who did not use painkillers. Amongst participants who reported these symptoms, we observed no statistically significant differences in antibody levels irrespective of analgesic use. These data suggest that antibody levels are elevated as a function of symptoms and inflammatory processes rather than painkiller use per se. Taken together, we find no evidence that analgesic use reduces antibody responses after COVID-19 vaccination. Recommendation of their use to alleviate symptoms might improve uptake of booster immunizations.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.14.22281103v3" target="_blank">No evidence that analgesic use after COVID-19 vaccination negatively impacts antibody responses</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Demographic and Viral-Genetic Analyses of COVID-19 Severity in Bahrain Identify Local Risk Factors and a Protective Effect of Polymerase Mutations</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A multitude of demographic, health, and genetic factors are associated with the risk of developing severe COVID-19 following infection by the SARS-CoV-2. There is a need to perform studies across human societies and to investigate the full spectrum of genetic variation of the virus. Using data from 869 COVID-19 patients in Bahrain between March 2020 and March 2021, we analyzed paired viral sequencing and non-genetic host data to understand host and viral determinants of severe COVID-19. We estimated the effects of demographic variables specific to the Bahrain population and found that the impact of health factors are largely consistent with other populations. To extend beyond the common variants of concern in the Spike protein analyzed by previous studies, we used a viral burden approach and detected a protective effect of low-frequency missense viral mutations in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (Pol) gene on disease severity. Our results contribute to the survey of severe COVID-19 in diverse populations and highlight the benefits of studying rare viral mutations.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.13.22278740v3" target="_blank">Demographic and Viral-Genetic Analyses of COVID-19 Severity in Bahrain Identify Local Risk Factors and a Protective Effect of Polymerase Mutations</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Safety of SARS-CoV-2 test-to-stay in daycare: a regression discontinuity in time analysis</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background and Objectives Test-to-stay concepts apply serial testing of children in daycare after exposure to SARS-CoV-2 without use of quarantine. This study aims to assess safety of a test-to-stay screening in daycare facilities. Methods 714 daycare facilities and approximately 50,000 children ≤6 years in Cologne, Germany participated in a SARS-CoV-2 Pool-PCR screening from March 2021 to April 2022. The screening initially comprised post-exposure quarantine and was adapted to a test-to-stay approach during its course. To assess safety of the test-to-stay approach, we explored potential changes in frequencies of infections among children following the adaptation to the test-to-stay approach by applying regression discontinuity in time (RDiT) analyses. To this end, PCR-test data were linked with routinely collected data on reported infections in children and analyzed using ordinary least squares regressions. Results 219,885 Pool-PCRs and 352,305 Single-PCRs were performed. 6,440 (2.93%) Pool-PCRs tested positive, and 17,208 infections in children were reported. We estimated that during a period of 30 weeks, the test-to-stay concept avoided between 7 and 20 days of quarantine per eligible daycare child. RDiT revealed a 26% reduction (Exp. Coef: 0.74, CI:0.52;1.06) in infection frequency among children and indicated no significant increase attributable to the test-to-stay approach. This result was not sensitive to adjustments for 7-day incidence, season, SARS-CoV-2 variant, and socioeconomic status. Conclusion Our analyses provide evidence that suggest safety of the test-to-stay approach compared to traditional quarantine measures. This approach offers a promising option to avoid use of quarantine after exposure to respiratory pathogens in daycare settings.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.11.23296808v1" target="_blank">Safety of SARS-CoV-2 test-to-stay in daycare: a regression discontinuity in time analysis</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Scenario Design for Infectious Disease Projections: Integrating Concepts from Decision Analysis and Experimental Design</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Across many fields, scenario modeling has become an important tool for exploring long-term projections and how they might depend on potential interventions and critical uncertainties, with relevance to both decision makers and scientists. In the past decade, and especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, the field of epidemiology has seen substantial growth in the use of scenario projections. Multiple scenarios are often projected at the same time, allowing important comparisons that can guide the choice of intervention, the prioritization of research topics, or public communication. The design of the scenarios is central to their ability to inform important questions. In this paper, we draw on the fields of decision analysis and statistical design of experiments to propose a framework for scenario design in epidemiology, with relevance also to other fields. We identify six different fundamental purposes for scenario designs (decision making, sensitivity analysis, value of information, situational awareness, horizon scanning, and forecasting) and discuss how those purposes guide the structure of scenarios. We discuss other aspects of the content and process of scenario design, broadly for all settings and specifically for multi-model ensemble projections. As an illustrative case study, we examine the first 17 rounds of scenarios from the U.S. COVID-19 Scenario Modeling Hub, then reflect on future advancements that could improve the design of scenarios in epidemiological settings.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.11.23296887v1" target="_blank">Scenario Design for Infectious Disease Projections: Integrating Concepts from Decision Analysis and Experimental Design</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>An agent-based modeling approach for lung fibrosis in response to COVID-19</strong> -
<div>
The severity of the COVID-19 pandemic has created an emerging need to investigate the long-term effects of infection on patients. Many individuals are at risk of suffering pulmonary fibrosis due to the pathogenesis of lung injury and impairment in the healing mechanism. Fibroblasts are the central mediators of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition during tissue regeneration, regulated by anti-inflammatory cytokines including transforming growth factor beta (TGF-{beta}). The TGF-{beta}-dependent accumulation of fibroblasts at the damaged site and excess fibrillar collagen deposition lead to fibrosis. We developed an open-source, multiscale tissue simulator to investigate the role of TGF-{beta} sources in the progression of lung fibrosis after SARS-CoV-2 exposure, intracellular viral replication, infection of epithelial cells, and host immune response. Using the model, we predicted the dynamics of fibroblasts, TGF-{beta}, and collagen deposition for 15 days post-infection in virtual lung tissue. Our results showed variation in collagen area fractions between 2% and 40% depending on the spatial behavior of the sources (stationary or mobile), the rate of activation of TGF-{beta}, and the duration of TGF-{beta} sources. We identified M2 macrophages as primary contributors to higher collagen area fraction. Our simulation results also predicted fibrotic outcomes even with lower collagen area fraction when spatially-localized latent TGF-{beta} sources were active for longer times. We validated our model by comparing simulated dynamics for TGF-{beta}, collagen area fraction, and macrophage cell population with independent experimental data from mouse models. Our results showed that partial removal of TGF-{beta} sources changed the fibrotic patterns; in the presence of persistent TGF-{beta} sources, partial removal of TGF-{beta} from the ECM significantly increased collagen area fraction due to maintenance of chemotactic gradients driving fibroblast movement. The computational findings are consistent with independent experimental and clinical observations of collagen area fractions and cell population dynamics not used in developing the model. These critical insights into the activity of TGF-{beta} sources may find applications in the current clinical trials targeting TGF-{beta} for the resolution of lung fibrosis.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.03.510677v3" target="_blank">An agent-based modeling approach for lung fibrosis in response to COVID-19</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pharmacist Management of Paxlovid eVisits</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; Quality of Care <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Other: Pharmacist Care; Other: AFM Pool Care <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Kaiser Permanente <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Equity Evaluation of Fact Boxes on Informed COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccination Decisions - Study Protocol</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; Influenza <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Other: Fact box <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Harding Center for Risk Literacy <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>tDCS in the Management of Post-COVID Disorders</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Long COVID <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Device: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS); Behavioral: Motor Training; Behavioral: Cognitive Training <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; São Paulo State University <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Early Awake Alterning Prone Positioning Combined With Non-invasive Oxygen Therapy in Patients With COVID-19.</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19 Pneumonia <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Other: Prone position; Other: Standard treatment <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran <br/><b>Terminated</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effects of a Home-Based Exercise Intervention in Subjects With Long COVID</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Long COVID-19; Post-COVID-19 Syndrome <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Other: home-based concurrent exercise <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: University of Vienna <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ACTIVATE in Public Housing</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Pneumonia; Influenza; Varicella Zoster; Meningitis; COVID-19; Vaccine Hesitancy <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: Increasing Willingness and Uptake of Influenza, Pneumonia, Meningitis, HZV, and COVID-19 Vaccination <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study of the Vector Vaccine GamCovidVac-M (Altered Antigenic Composition)</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19 <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: GamCovidVac-M vector vaccine for the prevention of COVID-19 with altered antigenic composition <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Health Ministry of the Russian Federation <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study of the Vector Vaccine GamCovidVac for the Prevention of COVID-19 With Altered Antigenic Profile With Participation of Adult Volunteers</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19 <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: GamCovidVac vector vaccine for the prevention of COVID-19 (with altered antigenic profile) <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Health Ministry of the Russian Federation <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effects of Cacao FLAvonoids in LOng Covid Patients (FLALOC)</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Long Covid19; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Dietary Supplement: Flavonoids <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Guillermo Ceballos Reyes; Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Exercise Interventions in Post-acute Sequelae of Covid-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19 <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: Exercise <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: University of Virginia <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Efficacy of the 2023-2024 Updated COVID-19 Vaccines Against COVID-19 Infection</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; Vaccine-Preventable Diseases; SARS CoV 2 Infection; Upper Respiratory Tract Infection; Upper Respiratory Disease <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: Novavax COVID-19 vaccine (2023-2024 formula XBB containing); Biological: Pfizer COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (2023-2024 formula XBB containing) <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Sarang K. Yoon, DO, MOH; Westat; Novavax <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety of RQ-01 in SARS-CoV-2 Positive Subjects</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; Infectious Disease; Symptomatic COVID-19 Infection Laboratory-Confirmed; SARS CoV 2 Infection <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Combination Product: RQ-001; Other: Placebo <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Red Queen Therapeutics, Inc.; PPD <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Motivational Interviewing for Vaccine Uptake in Latinx Adults</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Vaccine Hesitancy <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Other: EHR alert; Behavioral: Motivational Interviewing; Behavioral: Warm hand off to nurse <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Boston College; East Boston Neighborhood Health Center; Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH); Boston Children’s Hospital; National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluation of in vitro SARS-CoV-2 inactivation by a new quaternary ammonium compound: Bromiphen bromide</strong> - The pneumonia (COVID-19) outbreak caused by the novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which unpredictably exploded in late December of 2019 has stressed the importance of being able to control potential pathogens with the aim of limiting their spread. Although vaccines are well known as a powerful tool for ensuring public health and controlling the pandemic, disinfection and hygiene habits remain crucial to prevent infection from spreading and…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>An aggregation-induced emission sensor combined with UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS for fast identification of anticoagulant active ingredients from traditional Chinese medicine</strong> - Xuebijing injection (XBJ) has a good therapeutic effect on the patients with severe coronavirus disease, but the material basis of XBJ with the anticoagulant effect to improve the coagulopathy and thromboembolism is still unclear. Herein, we developed a new strategy based on aggregation-induced emission (AIE) for monitoring thrombin activity and screening thrombin inhibitors from XBJ. The molecule AIE(603) and the thrombin substrate peptide S-2238 were formed into AIE nanoparticle (AIENP) which…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Targeting Cyclophilin A and CD147 to Inhibit Replication of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2-Induced Inflammation</strong> - Identification and development of effective therapeutics for COVID-19 are still urgently needed. The CD147/Spike interaction is involved in the SARS-CoV-2 invasion process, in addition to ACE2. Cyclophilin A (CyPA), the extracellular ligand of CD147, has been found to play a role in the infection and replication of coronaviruses. In this study, our results show that CyPA inhibitors such as Cyclosporine A (CsA) and STG-175 can suppress the intracellular replication of SARS-CoV-2 by inhibiting the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Multifunctional natural derived carbon quantum dots from Withania somnifera (L.) - Antiviral activities against SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviron</strong> - Natural carbon dots (NCQDs) are expediently significant in the photo-, nano- and biomedical spheres owing to their facile synthesis, optical and physicochemical attributes. In the present study, three NCQDs are prepared and optimized from Withania somnifera (ASH) by one-step hydrothermal (bottom-up) method: HASHP (without dopant), nitrogen doped HASHNH(3) (surface passivation using ammonia) and HASHEDA (surface passivation with ethylenediamine). The HR-TEM images reveal that HASHP, HASNH(3),…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>4-Octyl itaconate reduces influenza A replication by targeting the nuclear export protein CRM1</strong> - In recent years, especially since the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic, the cell-permeable itaconate derivative 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI) has gained traction as a potential antiviral agent. Here, we demonstrate that 4-OI inhibits replication of multiple influenza A viruses (IAV) by restricting nuclear export of viral ribonucleoproteins, a key step in the IAV replication cycle. This nuclear retention is achieved by deactivation and subsequent degradation of…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Exploration of phenolic acid derivatives as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease and receptor binding domain: potential candidates for anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapy</strong> - Severe acute respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological virus of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) which has been a public health concern due to its high morbidity and high mortality. Hence, the search for drugs that incapacitate the virus via inhibition of vital proteins in its life cycle is ongoing due to the paucity of drugs in clinical use against the virus. Consequently, this study was aimed at evaluating the potentials of natural phenolics against the Main…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Apolipoprotein E neutralizing antibody inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection by blocking cellular entry of lipoviral particles</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causal agent for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although vaccines have helped to prevent uncontrolled viral spreading, our understanding of the fundamental biology of SARS-CoV-2 infection remains insufficient, which hinders effective therapeutic development. Here, we found that Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a lipid binding protein, is hijacked by SARS-CoV-2 for infection. Preincubation of SARS-CoV-2 with a neutralizing antibody…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Unnatural Endotype B PPAPs as Novel Compounds with Activity against <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em></strong> - Pre-SARS-CoV-2, tuberculosis was the leading cause of death by a single pathogen. Repetitive exposure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) supported the development of multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant strains, demanding novel drugs. Hyperforin, a natural type A polyprenylated polycyclic acylphloroglucinol from St. John’s wort, exhibits antidepressant and antibacterial effects also against Mtb. Yet, Hyperforin’s instability limits the utility in clinical practice. Here, we present photo-…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>In vitro reconstitution of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1-induced mRNA cleavage reveals the key roles of the N-terminal domain of Nsp1 and the RRM domain of eIF3g</strong> - SARS CoV-2 nonstructural protein 1 (Nsp1) is the major pathogenesis factor that inhibits host translation using a dual strategy of impairing initiation and inducing endonucleolytic cleavage of cellular mRNAs. To investigate the mechanism of cleavage, we reconstituted it in vitro on β-globin, EMCV IRES, and CrPV IRES mRNAs that use unrelated initiation mechanisms. In all instances, cleavage required Nsp1 and only canonical translational components (40S subunits and initiation factors), arguing…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Lipid droplets in Zika neuroinfection: Potential targets for intervention?</strong> - Lipid droplets (LD) are evolutionarily conserved lipid-enriched organelles with a diverse array of cell- and stimulus-regulated proteins. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that intracellular pathogens exploit LD as energy sources, replication sites, and part of the mechanisms of immune evasion. Nevertheless, LD can also favor the host as part of the immune and inflammatory response to pathogens. The functions of LD in the central nervous system have gained great interest due to their presence…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Tetherin antagonism by SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a and spike protein enhances virus release</strong> - The antiviral restriction factor, tetherin, blocks the release of several different families of enveloped viruses, including the Coronaviridae. Tetherin is an interferon-induced protein that forms parallel homodimers between the host cell and viral particles, linking viruses to the surface of infected cells and inhibiting their release. We demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 infection causes tetherin downregulation and that tetherin depletion from cells enhances SARS-CoV-2 viral titres. We investigate…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Characterization of pre-existing anti-PEG and anti-AGAL antibodies towards PRX-102 in patients with Fabry disease</strong> - Polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated drugs are used for medical treatment, since PEGylation either decreases drug clearance or/and shields the protein from undesirable immunogenicity. PEGylation was implemented in a new enzyme replacement therapy for Fabry disease (FD), pegunigalsidase-alfa (PRX-102). However, exposure to PEG via life-style products and vaccination can result in the formation of anti-PEG antibodies. We demonstrate the de novo formation of functional anti-PEG antibodies in a healthy…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>W254 in furin functions as a molecular gate promoting anti-viral drug binding: Elucidation of putative drug tunneling and docking by non-equilibrium molecular dynamics</strong> - Furins are serine endoproteases that process precursor proteins into their biologically active forms, and they play essential roles in normal metabolism and disease presentation, including promoting expression of bacterial virulence factors and viral pathogenesis. Thus, furins represent vital targets for development of antimicrobial and antiviral therapeutics. Recent experimental evidence indicated that dichlorophenyl (DCP)-pyridine “BOS” drugs (e.g., BOS-318) competitively inhibit human furin…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The N-terminal peptide of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2, targeting dimer interface, inhibits its proteolytic activity</strong> - The main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 cleaves 11 sites of viral polypeptide chains and generates essential non-structural proteins for viral replication. Mpro is an important drug target against COVID-19. In this study, we developed a real-time fluorometric turn-on assay system to evaluate Mpro proteolytic activity for a substrate peptide between NSP4 and NSP5. It produced reproducible and reliable results suitable for HTS inhibitor assays. Thus far, most inhibitors against Mpro target the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Antcin-B, a phytosterol-like compound from Taiwanofungus camphoratus inhibits SARS-CoV-2 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL<sup>Pro</sup>) activity in silico and in vitro</strong> - Despite the remarkable development of highly effective vaccines, including mRNA-based vaccines, within a limited timeframe, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is not been entirely eradicated. Thus, it is crucial to identify new effective anti-3CL^(Pro) compounds, pivotal for the replication of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we identified an antcin-B phytosterol-like compound from Taiwanofungus camphoratus that targets 3CL^(Pro) activity….</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
<script>AOS.init();</script></body></html>

489
archive-daily-dose/13 October, 2023.html Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,489 @@
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="" xml:lang="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta content="pandoc" name="generator"/>
<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes" name="viewport"/>
<title>13 October, 2023</title>
<style>
code{white-space: pre-wrap;}
span.smallcaps{font-variant: small-caps;}
span.underline{text-decoration: underline;}
div.column{display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 50%;}
div.hanging-indent{margin-left: 1.5em; text-indent: -1.5em;}
ul.task-list{list-style: none;}
</style>
<title>Daily-Dose</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><style>*{overflow-x:hidden;}</style><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
<body>
<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Israel’s Calamity—and After</strong> - October 7, 2023, will be a date etched in Jewish history. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/israels-calamity-and-after">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Uyghurs Forced to Process the World’s Fish</strong> - China forces minorities from Xinjiang to work in industries around the country. As it turns out, this includes handling much of the seafood sent to America and Europe. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-uyghurs-forced-to-process-the-worlds-fish">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Israel May Decimate Hamas, but Can It “Win” This War?</strong> - The scale of the violence, death, and destruction has triggered alarm about a wider regional conflict. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/israel-may-decimate-hamas-but-can-it-win-this-war">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Luxury Office Development That Became a Horrific Migrant Shelter</strong> - In Brooklyn, hundreds of men have languished in a city-run facility, taking cold showers, eating bad food, and sleeping inches from one another. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-local-correspondents/the-luxury-office-development-that-became-a-horrific-migrant-shelter">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Chaos Party on the Hill Keeps On Chaos-ing</strong> - Even after Hamas’s attack on Israel, House Republicans are too busy fighting with themselves to get serious about the rest of the world. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-bidens-washington/the-chaos-party-on-the-hill-keeps-on-chaos-ing">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Netflix’s The Fall of the House of Usher lacks the passionate weirdness of Poe</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A woman wearing a red, lacy hooded cape, whose actual face is hidden by a skull mask, appears to stare directly at the camera. " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Tc-ka30Se6jyi7kTS6iYepdG8XA=/226x0:3426x2400/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72751438/TFHU_102_Unit_01074RC.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Carla Gugino as the Red Death in Netflix’s <em>The Fall of the House of Usher</em>. | Eike Schroter/Netflix
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
I’m not convinced any of these people have ever behaved inappropriately with a corpse!
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="icAq5v">
What does it mean to adapt Poe for the modern age? Mike Flanagan’s latest Netflix series, <em>The Fall of the House of Usher, </em>a loose adaptation of the Edgar Allen Poe short story, certainly fits in many of the familiar nouns — each episode references one or more familiar Poe works in combinations that can feel like a trip through junior high English class. The problem is that the tone is all off.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kLYJCX">
For starters, if most people know any one thing about “The Fall of the House of Usher,” it’s that the titular downfall is about incest. The <a href="https://www.vox.com/netflix">Netflix</a> adaptation, however, proposes: What if it were about the opioid crisis instead?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mt7c34">
The story follows a cold, distant pharmaceutical industry scion watching each of his children die horrific deaths in the waning days of his empire. Over the course of the show’s eight episodes, Flanagan creates a kind of Poe Cinematic Universe, borrowing ideas from Poe’s best-known stories and working them into a mostly original tale of greed and family destruction. But in between the epic family drama, the insistence on Poe-ing up the joint frequently becomes muddled and even distracting. Is naming a character Annabel Lee and then having your protagonist randomly recite <a href="https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/44885/annabel-lee">Poe’s famous poem</a> to her enough to convince us of his undying love? Probably not!
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7qRxtt">
But this is the approach the show relies on, and the result is a choppy mismatch of subject and mood. <em>House of Usher</em>, despite moments of intrigue, seems to lack the most central element of all Poe’s works: Passion. The characters of <em>Usher</em> may be dying like they’re in a gothic horror, but they’re not <em>living</em> like it.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="A man in a suit and tie stands before a desk in a sleekly decorated office, casually holding a sickle-shaped sword. " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/voO3lrbouckLMHNYVS_gO5ByDFY=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24998486/TFHU_106_Unit_05748RC.jpg"/> <cite>Eike Schroter/Netflix</cite>
<figcaption>
Roderick Usher (Bruce Greenwood) holding a rare Egyptian khopesh with all the enthusiasm you might reserve for a golf club.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xsUxoU">
<strong>Note: The following review contains spoilers for </strong><em><strong>The Fall of the House of Usher</strong></em><strong>.</strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="biwidE">
In theory, Poe ought to be a perfect vehicle for Flanagan. The rising auteur wrote and directed this series, as he has with each of his previous Netflix adaptations, <a href="https://www.vox.com/2018/10/12/17960018/haunting-of-hill-house-netflix-review-mike-flanagan"><em>The Haunting of Hill House</em></a> (2018), based on the novel of the same name by Shirley Jackson, and <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/21503808/netflix-the-haunting-of-bly-manor-review"><em>The Haunting of Bly Manor</em></a><em> </em>(2020), based on Henry James’s gothic novella <em>The Turn of the Screw</em>. He also co-created 2022’s <em>The Midnight Club</em>, based on Christopher Pike’s teen horror novels — and he’s adapted, far more faithfully, two different Stephen King novels into acclaimed feature films: 2017’s <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/9/30/16384110/geralds-game-movie-review"><em>Gerald’s Game</em></a> and 2019’s <a href="https://www.polygon.com/2020/2/17/21138473/doctor-sleep-movie-directors-cut-theatrical-changes-stephen-king-shining"><em>Doctor Sleep</em></a>. Flanagan has gained a loyal fanbase both for these and for his original works, which range from his indie debut film <em>Absentia</em> (2011) to the sleek thriller <em>Hush</em> (2016) and the religious horror <a href="https://www.vox.com/21509362/netflix-midnight-mass-mike-flanagan-horror-religion"><em>Midnight Mass</em></a> (2021). He nearly always writes the screenplays for his works, and usually directs the hell out of them.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2WRiTi">
As writers, both Poe and Flanagan are moody, more than a bit shameless, and obsessed with psychological and philosophical questions about death, grief, and loss. Poe’s infamous short story that provides a basis for this work possesses an additional affinity with Flanagan because it shares his obsession with family. As anyone who has spent any time with Flanagan’s work knows, the only thing he likes more than a solid jump scare or a reflective monologue is a chance to ruminate on families — what holds them together, what tears them apart, what pulls them back together again — because in the worldview of Mike Flanagan, even at his most cynical, there’s always hope for a family reunion or a family redemption.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HuReE4">
Flanagan tends to work with a core rotating ensemble of actors, similar to <em>American Horror Story</em>’s anthology approach to recurring casts. This series, they all commit themselves completely to the conceit that they’re in some kind of Poe-ian shadow world, effortlessly dropping off-kilter lines from Poe poems and novels alongside zings and barbs about NDAs and PR spin. Each episode owes something vaguely thematic to a different well-known Poe short story, with the manner of death unfolding in a <em>Final Destination</em>-like hodgepodge of calamity. The gruesome deaths of the Ushers (a clear analogue of <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/26/health/opioids-purdue-pharma-oklahoma.html">the Sacklers</a>) are supernatural retribution for America’s opioid crisis, which Usher helped, um, usher in. The ghastliness of the epidemic seems to have summoned a supernatural Lady Death, a.k.a. Carla Gugino, OG member of the Flanagang, who dons a series of personas in order to hasten the Ushers to their fates.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jUdt2g">
This setup allows the show to flit between ongoing references to well-known Poe themes and episodes focused on a specific story. For instance, references to the famous poem “<a href="https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/48860/the-raven">The Raven</a>,” the classic revenge story “<a href="https://poemuseum.org/the-cask-of-amontillado/">The Cask of Amontillado</a>,” and the <a href="https://xroads.virginia.edu/~Hyper/POE/fall.html">titular short story</a> occur throughout. Other works get referenced mainly through character names (e.g. Auguste Dupin, a detective-turned-prosecutor played with admirable aplomb by Carl Lumbly, shares the name of an investigator from Poe stories like “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” and “The Purloined Letter”) or through casual asides or even direct quotes inserted into dialogue. This litany of allusions ranges from blatant to coy, clever to annoying. At one point, Roderick’s stone-faced lawyer Pym (a superb Mark Hamill) mentions having a guest for dinner, a reference to the original Poe narrative in which another Pym cannibalizes said guest. One character even bears the name of Poe’s real-world enemy, <a href="https://www.bpl.org/blogs/post/poe-and-his-publisher/">Rufus Griswold</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kK4rsB">
The references mostly tick all the boxes. The “<a href="https://xroads.virginia.edu/~Hyper/POE/murders.html">Murders in the Rue Morgue</a>” episode features death by primate. The episode named after <a href="https://poemuseum.org/the-masque-of-the-red-death/">“The Masque of the Red Death”</a> becomes a modern-day bacchanal that goes horribly wrong. The <a href="https://poestories.com/read/goldbug">“Gold Bug”</a> episode features a gold bug. As our titular story demands, someone does get buried alive. Apart from serving as fun Easter eggs, however, most of these seeded references rarely amplify the main storyline — and the main storyline itself suffers from a disconnect between the stories it’s referencing and what the narrative is actually doing.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QfmOGo">
Flanagan takes a kind of mix-and-match approach to his biggest references that frequently makes their origin stories nearly incidental. For example, the Poe short story <a href="https://poestories.com/read/blackcat">“The Black Cat”</a> is originally about a murderous addict who succumbs fully to his violent impulses. But in the <em>House of Usher</em> episode “Black Cat,” that aspect of the focal character is almost entirely absent because we barely spend any time with him before he’s battling his furry demon. Instead, that psychology gets handed to the subject of the <a href="https://poestories.com/read/pit">“Pit and the Pendulum”</a> episode. As a result, that episode has little in common with its origin source, while “Black Cat” lacks any of the depth and murderous intensity that makes Poe’s story so memorable. And so on and so forth.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gayCiM">
What’s more, the underlying reason for these deaths — the reason we spend eight episodes watching Usher and his family be stalked by Gugino’s Lady Death — turns out to be essentially Faustian, with everything spelled out and conveniently moralistic. There’s nothing of Poe’s lingering mysteries, the giant unresolved questions of internal motivations and dreamlike logic that hang over his stories and their subjects.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yBOtNX">
We do get some fabulous creative moments, like Flanagan’s gleeful edit of an opening montage that introduces us to all members of the Usher family through witty cross-cuts and overlapping dialogue. And the murders — the murders! Decadent, melodramatic, gory, deliciously horrific. If what you came for were eight cycles of impending doom counting down to their garish conclusions, you’re in luck.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jJh017">
But the narrative mostly lacks the poetic sensibility and depth of feeling, the weight of profundity that makes Poe such a perennial favorite. Poe’s stories teem with shadows, with turgid, feverish imagery; they evoke the confused turbulence of nightmares, hallucinogens, and madness. The dreary moodiness of Flanagan’s <em>Midnight Mass</em> combined with the looming background ghosts of <em>Hill House</em> would have served this subject well, but instead the production opts for a boardroom sensibility. The settings, like the characters, read as cold and clinical. The gothic insertions from Poe feel forced and sanitized amid the <a href="https://letterboxd.com/max_read/list/halogencore/">halogencore</a> vibes of our satirical family of squabbling billionaires. Even when characters are succumbing to delusions or dropping like flies, the tonal approach stays detached, as if we’re still, like Roderick Usher (Bruce Greenwood), locked into a bird’s-eye view of human suffering from an indifferent corporate tower — not plummeting endlessly through the fever dream where Poe would have us.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="A small handful of people in office attire sit at the end of a long, half-empty conference table. The room is dimly lit, and a large wall-length window overlooks a city skyline. " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/hFetdIoK8CxivmCpJ-n10OCsVqs=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24998498/The_Fall_of_the_House_of_Usher_n_S1_E4_00_04_18_17R.jpg"/> <cite>Netflix</cite>
<figcaption>
The show mostly looks like this.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="id8nty">
Another thing this adaptation lacks is any hint of Poe’s psychosexual turbulence. There’s plenty of kink, sure, but in keeping with the show’s overall tone, it’s always presented as clinical and dispassionate and even distasteful: One character hosts an orgy, but only as a business strategy; another manipulates her personal assistants into purely transactional sex; a third outsources all intimacy with her husband to sex workers. And again, there’s not even a hint of sublimated incestuous lust between our two Usher siblings, which is half the reason anyone reads “The Fall of the House of Usher” to begin with.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8Ac6Qo">
You sense that none of these characters has ever laughed maniacally over a fallen enemy or clawed their way out of a grave or inappropriately interfered with a dead corpse, or any of the other excesses of personality that make tales of the gothic so irresistible. Roderick and his sister Madeline (Mary McDonnell, never better) would presumably have trauma over the premature burial of their mother, who does indeed claw her way out of a grave in the opening episode. Yet that plot gets dispatched without much lingering impact, and soon the two siblings go right back to burying people alive. And even that feat, which should be the Amontillicious climax, becomes little more than a perfunctory business transaction. Where is the exultation, the rage, the hysteria, the long-suppressed release of emotion that finally erupts in the frenzied unthinkable act? Where is <em>Poe</em>?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WSTQU6">
Flanagan does give us two character arcs that get it right. Each captures the chaotic conflict of a tortured violent psyche, and each works because the show takes the time to establish their characters and then lets us see their gradual mental collapse and demise. The first win belongs to T’Nia Miller as Victorine, the heart research scientist whose pursuit of a miracle medical technology drives her into complete psychosis. When it does, the result is a wondrously bloody, pitch-perfect display of the macabre. The second belongs to Henry Thomas as Freddie, the maligned eldest child who channels his familial resentment and insecurity into malevolent domestic abuse as his siblings start dying, culminating in a classic, shall we say, stroke of irony.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="I9L3x0">
These two Usher arcs are so well-considered and well-executed, however, that they highlight the weaknesses of all the others. It’s as though Flanagan drew a line from Poe’s fabled love of opium to the modern opioid epidemic and ran with a thought experiment without giving too much more thought to the emotional essence of Poe’s work. (Poe <a href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-02-10-vw-1185-story.html">probably wasn’t even an opium addict</a>.) Perhaps that’s because a part of Flanagan would rather be writing his own stories. <em>House of Usher</em> contains many moments of pure, undiluted horror, stylish and masterful. But the show drowns in its uneven grasp of the source material, when it needn’t have relied on source material at all. The key to the ideal Flanagan series likely lies not with more cherry-picked adaptations, but with more stories that are entirely Flanagan’s own.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jLtxiT">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fxKJXs">
</p></li>
<li><strong>Zoos aren’t for animals. They’re for us.</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Three giraffes in front of a backdrop that looks like a blue sky over a savanna. " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/CmlhVXOLwPlIDgFPUT8ohOEFY2s=/279x0:5399x3840/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72751401/GettyImages_929335950__1_.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
A family of giraffes at the Bronx Zoo in New York City feed in their indoor enclosure on February 18, 2018. | Andrew Lichtenstein/Corbis via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Zoos say they’re leaders in protecting wildlife. But is it true?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dxV4UT">
This week, a leading wildlife conservation group declared that zoos play an essential role in protecting wild species from extinction.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Wf1yy7">
“Zoos, aquariums and botanic gardens are critical conservation partners, and their role should not be under-valued, under-recognized or misunderstood,” the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), a nonprofit that’s assessed extinction threat levels for more than 150,000 species, announced in a <a href="https://www.iucn.org/sites/default/files/2023-10/2023-position-statement-on-the-role-of-botanic-gardens-aquariums-and-zoos-in-species-conservation.pdf">new position statement</a>. “For anyone who questions the value of zoos in the modern age, IUCN’s position is clear — zoos are essential.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Yw1GyW">
It’s a bold statement from an authoritative voice on wildlife protection, but is it true? An examination of how zoos spend their money suggests that, despite <a href="https://www.aza.org/">branding</a> themselves as champions of conservation, they devote far more resources to their main, original prerogative: confining animals for entertainment and profit.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<div id="Bk6JCu">
<div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Ncy9B2">
“The way that zoos have been trying to justify their existence for quite a few years now is pointing to conservation,” said Delcianna Winders, director of the Animal Law and Policy Institute at Vermont Law and Graduate School. “But the reality is that it’s really a very small fraction of their funding that is going to field conservation.” (Disclosure: This summer, I attended a media fellowship program at Vermont Law and Graduate School.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cEvIPb">
In 2022, most of the 238 zoos and aquariums accredited by the nonprofit Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) spent a collective <a href="https://www.aza.org/field-conservation?locale=en">$252 million on field conservation</a> — efforts to protect and preserve wildlife habitats. That’s serious money for the broader conservation movement.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sScqys">
“That puts them collectively among the world’s largest contributors to conservation,” Daniel Ashe, president and CEO of the AZA, told Vox. However, it’s just <a href="https://www.aza.org/aza-news-releases/posts/aza-zoos-and-aquariums-contribute-24-billion-to-us-economy-?locale=en">5 percent</a> of how much zoos and aquariums spent on operations and construction alone in 2018.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PML8Xh">
Similarly, an <a href="https://www.facetsjournal.com/doi/full/10.1139/facets-2017-0083">analysis</a> of scientific papers published by AZA member institutions from 1993 to 2013 found that only 7 percent were related to biodiversity conservation.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pRILQN">
Zoos argue that in addition to their conservation efforts in the field, their very existence contributes to species conservation. By breeding animals in captivity, and preserving their genetic material in “<a href="https://stories.sandiegozoo.org/zoonooz/saving-for-the-future/">biobanks</a>,” the argument goes, they’ve created a stock of animals — known as “insurance populations” — who could be released back into nature if wild populations dwindle to alarming levels.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qCqZGw">
Emma Marris, an environmental writer and author of <em>Wild Souls: Freedom and Flourishing in the Non-Human World</em>, wrote in a <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/11/opinion/zoos-animal-cruelty.html">2021 New York Times opinion piece</a> that it’s “as if they might be called upon at any moment to release them, like Noah throwing open the doors to the ark, into a waiting wild habitat. But that day of release never quite seems to come.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4RsOZn">
“I’m very skeptical that a lot of these captive breeding programs have any practical relevance to conserving species in their natural habitat, which, in my view, is the point of conservation,” said Mickey Pardo, a behavioral ecologist and postdoctoral research fellow at Colorado State University who studies elephants in the wild. The reason, Pardo says, is because reintroduction stemming from captive breeding programs is incredibly <a href="https://blog.nwf.org/2011/02/an-introduction-to-species-reintroduction/">challenging</a> and thus <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7380022/">rare</a>, and it’s not the primary goal of most captive breeding programs to begin with.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="f72JF6">
There are some <a href="https://www.aza.org/reintroduction-programs?locale=en">exceptions</a>, Marris notes, in which zoos have played a starring role in reintroducing threatened and endangered species to the wild, including the California condor, the Arabian oryx, and Black-footed ferrets, among others. Ashe told me zoos have played a role in dozens and dozens of reintroduction programs, though he didn’t have a specific number. It’s important work and should be celebrated, as should zoos’ contributions to field conservation. But, Pardo says, it doesn’t justify AZA-accredited zoos and aquariums keeping wild animals in captivity who are not part of any current reintroduction program nor likely to become part of one in the future.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bbVZtn">
Currently, AZA-accredited zoos and aquariums have about <a href="https://www.aza.org/zoo-and-aquarium-statistics?locale=en">780,000 animals</a>.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/sXSfvByjfYQ1G9pAI-7eHHX4SJE=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24998451/GettyImages_1179068808__1_.jpg"/> <cite>Andrew Lichtenstein/Corbis via Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
A Louisiana pine snake sits in an enclosure at the Memphis, Tennessee zoo in 2019. The snake is North America’s rarest, and on the verge of extinction because of habitat loss in Louisiana and East Texas. The Memphis Zoo is attempting to breed the species in captivity and reintroduce it to the wild in an effort to save it from extinction.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KIvfmC">
Kira Mileham, IUCN’s global director of strategic partnerships, disagrees with the argument that field conservation is all that matters. Mileham told Vox captive breeding programs at zoos do more than just create insurance populations, and that they contribute to field conservation by providing opportunities for researchers to learn about species’ behavior, nutrition, veterinary needs, and more. Mileham added that zoos also play an important role in temporary rescue and “<a href="https://www.zoonewengland.org/protect/here-in-new-england/turtle-conservation/hatch/">head start</a>” efforts by, say, taking animals and/or their eggs that are facing a serious, temporary threat out of the wild, and then returning them when it’s safe.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2zzQ8G">
Zoos undeniably do some good work for species conservation; however, that work can obscure their dark side: the suffering of animals in captivity.
</p>
<h3 id="lRdTF2">
Life at the zoo
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oTPkdW">
Animals who, in their natural habitats, would travel great distances are resigned to living in film-set versions of lush rainforests and vast savannas while surrounded by city noise. As a result of the lack of stimulation and small environments, some animals will develop <a href="https://slate.com/technology/2014/06/animal-madness-zoochosis-stereotypic-behavior-and-problems-with-zoos.html">“stereotypic” behavior</a>, in which they engage in repetitive motions that are rare in the wild.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Bpoatz">
Researchers call it “zoochosis,” a play on “psychosis,” though making enclosures a little nicer and providing “enrichment activities” to animals both help, as do <a href="https://www.wired.com/2014/07/animal-madness-laurel-braitman/">pharmaceutical drugs</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1ez9m5">
There was Gus, the Central Park Zoo polar bear who would swim figure eights in his pool for sometimes up to 12 hours a day (his enclosure was just 0.00009 percent of his range in the wild), and <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/06/magazine/zoo-animals-and-their-discontents.html">Sukari</a>, the giraffe at Roger Williams Park Zoo in Providence, Rhode Island, who for hours would lick steel cables, walls, and gates. Other animals pace, rock back and forth, and head-bob, or engage in self-harm, like pulling out their hair or biting themselves. There are <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/11/opinion/zoos-animal-cruelty.html">many stories</a> of escape attempts.
</p>
<div class="c-float-left">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/VgjHBpcaoYS_9aTJht6MvIUB_sk=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24998462/GettyImages_97330141.jpg"/> <cite>David Handschuh/NY Daily News Archive via Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
In 2001, kids look on as Gus the polar bear swims at the Central Park Zoo in New York City. Gus died in 2013 and was known for swimming figure eights in his pool for sometimes up to 12 hours a day, a “stereotypic” behavior that can be an indicator of stress.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1nXCi1">
Despite it all, AZA-accredited zoos keep acquiring more animals, either from other zoos, breeding them on their own, taking them from the wild (how 80 percent of animals at AZA-accredited aquariums are acquired, Ashe told me), as rescues, or from a number of other sources, such as private breeders and hunting ranches.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mTTdvr">
Mileham refutes the notion that many zoos are just acquiring animals at the expense of their welfare, however: “I don’t think [leading zoos] kind of flippantly trade off the welfare of species for the sake of having them in their facilities,” she said. And not every welfare matter is black and white, Mileham said. For instance, some animals in zoos might have come from areas with high levels of conflict with humans. “We can’t pretend that an animal in the wild always has a perfect life and has no welfare compromises just because they happen to not be in human care.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vNPVIT">
Ashe assured me that “when you see animals at AZA member institutions, you’re seeing animals that are thriving there.” He went on to say, “I understand some people just don’t like the idea of any animal in a state of confinement, and in those cases, we just have a fundamental disagreement.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jkJ74c">
When Marris asked Ashe about the constraints of captivity, Ashe largely shrugged the problem away, saying that, well, everyone has constraints put on them: “We are all captive in some regards to social and ethical and religious and other constraints on our life and our activities.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TUKIOL">
I asked Ashe about this quote, and he said, “It’s factually true — we all live with constraint in our social life and we agree to constraint so we have social order.” He’s right, of course, that it’s true for humans, but there’s a glaring omission in his response: Animals can’t agree to the constraints we impose on them.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JGUmIK">
I can’t think of a more dissatisfying answer to the ethical dilemma of putting hundreds of thousands of wild animals behind glass. But it does reveal that the ideology undergirding earlier zoos and aquariums largely persists today — that animals are here for us, not with us.
</p>
<h3 id="ILTCzC">
Zoos: What are they good for?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bhHjLp">
Zoos justify their existence not just through conservation, but also by their educational work. Their actual impact in that domain, however, is likely minor.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aFQJ2k">
The AZA <a href="https://www.aza.org/aza-news-releases/posts/zoos-and-aquariums-join-forces-to-advance-global-goals-to-protect-wildlife">says</a> one of the “superpowers” of its 238 accredited zoos and aquariums is that they have “the opportunity to influence and inspire the 200 million people who visit every year.” On its face, it makes sense: If everyone could just see the beauty of the animal kingdom up close and learn about the plight of threatened species, they might be inspired to support or get involved in conservation work. Surely, zoos have that effect on some, but there’s no evidence it’s the case for many.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Aectrf">
<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/11/opinion/zoos-animal-cruelty.html">On the contrary</a>, most people don’t read the educational plaques at zoos, and according to polls of zoo-goers, most go to spend time with friends or family — to enjoy themselves and be entertained, not to learn about animals and their needs. One study found the level of environmental concern reported by attendees before they entered the zoo was similar to those who were polled at the exits.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3flJYj">
While the educational value of zoos is dubious, there’s certainly one message zoo-goers receive, if only implicitly: That it’s perfectly fine, <a href="https://d3nkl3psvxxpe9.cloudfront.net/documents/Results_for_YouGov_NY_Zoos_086_05.08.2017.pdf">even good</a>, to put wild animals on display in tiny enclosures for the public’s leisure. In other words, animals — even if they’re <a href="https://slate.com/technology/2014/06/animal-madness-zoochosis-stereotypic-behavior-and-problems-with-zoos.html">suffering</a> right in front of us — can be objects of entertainment.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WijoPV">
“It’s rooted in this notion that yes, we have this privileged right to observe these animals at any cost to [them] or to their species more generally, and it’s deeply troubling,” Winders said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0YqW89">
The idea that we must exploit some animals in order to protect others creates a bizarre false choice, even when there are much more humane paths taken by others in the wildlife protection movement, like <a href="https://sanctuaryfederation.org/about-gfas/what-is-a-sanctuary/">animal sanctuaries</a>.
</p>
<h3 id="FqX6OZ">
What a more humane zoo could look like
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ebXlz5">
Animal sanctuaries are like zoos in that they’re large properties where animals live in captivity, but they <a href="https://sanctuaryfederation.org/about-gfas/position-statements/">differ</a> in every other way. For one, animals in sanctuaries tend to have far more space than animals in zoos, and they’re there to live on their own terms, not to be put on display for an entrance fee. Some sanctuaries are not open to the public, while others conduct small tours or have much smaller attendance numbers than the typical zoo. (Beware, however, that many operations call themselves sanctuaries but in reality are more like <a href="https://www.vox.com/even-better/23792484/sustainable-travel-ecotourism-respect-tips">petting zoos</a>.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dfv3lK">
The Wild Animal Sanctuary, a 45-minute drive from Denver, Colorado, provides a compelling example of how animals can better coexist with visitors. The 1,214-acre operation, home to rescued bears, tigers, lions, wolves, and other species, was closed to the public for its first 20 years. But in the early 2000s, it began to open up to visitors, who can only see the animals from the sanctuary’s observation decks and more than 1.5 miles of elevated walkways, causing less disturbance than zoo-goers.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/eTaOKVpav4nPrHCwWvwz7iubkg8=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24998391/Walkway_1.jpg"/> <cite>The Wild Animal Sanctuary</cite>
<figcaption>
Visitors at the Wild Animal Sanctuary in Keenesburg, Colorado, watch a bear from high up on the sanctuary’s elevated walkways.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="d6Ytv5">
Animals typically wind up in sanctuaries — the ethical kind, at least — because they were abandoned or injured, rather than bred, purchased, or taken from the wild. The Global Federation of Animal Sanctuaries, the animal sanctuary world’s equivalent to the Association of Zoos and Aquariums, <a href="https://sanctuaryfederation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/GFAS-Position-Statement-Captive-Breeding.pdf">takes the position</a> that captive breeding is only permitted if it’s done for eventual reintroduction into the wild — unlike zoos, which largely breed animals as insurance populations and to keep a steady supply to put on display.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mlGZYH">
<a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/zoos-cruel-wildlife-conservation-species-a9056701.html">Some critics</a> have called for zoos to phase out keeping animals from species that aren’t either critically endangered or extinct in the wild, or for which there’s no viable reintroduction program. Additionally, they argue, urban zoos should either close down or set limits on how many animals they keep.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qZbaMr">
I would add one more thing that zoos — and sanctuaries, for that matter — could do: Stop serving meat and dairy in their cafeterias. There’s the painfully obvious point that an institution whose mission is to protect animals probably shouldn’t sell<strong> </strong><a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2022/9/12/23339898/global-meat-production-forecast-factory-farming-animal-welfare-human-progress">animal meat</a>. But there’s also this: <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/global-land-for-agriculture">One-third of Earth’s habitable land</a> is devoted to cattle grazing and growing corn and soy to feed farmed animals, which has resulted in mass habitat loss for wildlife and crashing biodiversity levels. Meat production is the leading cause of <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2022/9/12/23339898/global-meat-production-forecast-factory-farming-animal-welfare-human-progress">global deforestation</a>, and thus the <a href="https://www.science.org/content/article/meat-eaters-may-speed-worldwide-species-extinction-study-warns">leading threat</a> to wildlife habitats.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bB0Sb8">
Reforming zoos won’t be easy, and arguably, a lot of conservation dollars might vanish if zoos looked different. But it says something about the conservation movement, and us, if one of the best ways to raise funds for wild animals is to put them in captivity. I don’t have the answers for how the conservation movement could supercharge its funding in lieu of the significant amount of funding zoos provide, but I think it’s clear, as Marris puts it, that <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/11/opinion/zoos-animal-cruelty.html">zoos are not worth the moral cost</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="McATTD">
As our understanding of animal sentience and their capacity for suffering has grown, our <a href="https://www.vox.com/economy">economy</a> has slowly adapted. Fashion designers are replacing leather and fur with animal-free textiles, meat companies are now selling plant-based nuggets and burgers, and in 2018, the traveling circus Ringling Bros. and Barnum &amp; Bailey announced it would stop using animals, such as lions, tigers, and bears, in its shows. Zoos, too, could reinvent themselves for a more enlightened age by focusing on what animals need, not what the public wants to do on a Saturday afternoon.
</p></li>
<li><strong>Nearly 2 million kids have been kicked off Medicaid this year</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A doctor’s office examination table with a folded hospital gown awaiting a patient." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/AZsME3eI0OCzS0XWGhEnQSQ_3m0=/0x0:4032x3024/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72751336/GettyImages_1358113667.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
More than 8.5 million Americans have lost their Medicaid benefits in 2023. | Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Medicaid unwinding’s terrible toll, explained in 4 charts.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="x4e3mv">
In the six months since states began <a href="https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2023/2/13/23582863/medicaid-health-insurance-covid-19-coverage-florida-texas">double-checking the eligibility of people enrolled in their Medicaid programs</a> for the first time in three years, more than 8.5 million Americans have lost their Medicaid benefits.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6eRtDS">
Based on enrollment numbers at the start of the year, that means roughly 1 in 10 people covered by Medicaid have lost their health insurance in a matter of months. After the US saw its uninsured rate hit historic lows during the pandemic, millions of the most vulnerable Americans are now falling off the rolls — with no assurance they will be able to find another form of coverage.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="m5Fdv8">
Worse, many of those losing coverage are losing it because of administrative hiccups and would otherwise be eligible — a problem that is disproportionately impacting children.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yrNScZ">
We won’t know until next year’s national insurance surveys how many people simply ended up uninsured and how many people successfully enrolled in another form of health coverage even as they lost their Medicaid benefits. But it is safe to expect that millions more Americans are now uninsured than were at the beginning of the year.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VuXNoY">
The health effects of this massive loss in health insurance will take years to be realized. But we know that having Medicaid means people are more likely to see a doctor and keep up with managing chronic conditions. The program helps people live longer. So losing coverage will make it even more difficult for a population that already struggles with its health to stay well.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="z1oiBB">
Here’s why this is happening: During the pandemic, <a href="https://www.vox.com/congress">Congress</a> approved an emergency provision that prevented almost anyone from losing their Medicaid coverage. Even if you had a change in income or life circumstances that in normal times would have led to you leaving the program, you were allowed to stay as long as that emergency policy was in place. But that provision expired earlier this year, part of the government standing down from its pandemic footing, and states were tasked with double-checking the eligibility of every person who was on their Medicaid rolls — a process referred to as unwinding. Starting in April, they could remove people who they found were no longer eligible.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sNQp6J">
So far, these are the aggregate enrollment losses by state, via <a href="https://www.kff.org/report-section/medicaid-enrollment-and-unwinding-tracker-overview/">KFF</a>:
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/4xdZLSzCRtyVE85RFFSosgqyZJc=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24997251/at_least_8_696_000_medicaid_enrollees_have_been_disenrolled_and_15_424_000_have_had_their_coverage_renewed_as_of_october_11_2023.png"/> <cite>KFF</cite>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lROGbL">
Before unwinding began, the <a href="https://www.vox.com/joe-biden">Biden administration</a> and outside experts estimated that up to 15 million people could lose their coverage during the unwinding process. We are now more than halfway to that worst-case scenario, with at least six months to go in most states.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pc8YrB">
The fear is that many people would end up losing coverage not because they were actually no longer eligible for Medicaid but because they got caught in some kind of bureaucratic snag. States are supposed to do as much as they can to check people’s eligibility with data they have on hand (tax data, information from <a href="https://www.vox.com/social-programs">food stamps</a> and other welfare programs, etc.) but states are limited in their actual capacity to perform those automatic checks. According to <a href="https://www.kff.org/report-section/medicaid-enrollment-and-unwinding-tracker-overview/">KFF</a>, less than one-third of enrollment checks have been completed through automatic “ex parte” renewals.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JqRRqt">
If a person’s eligibility can’t be confirmed automatically, that’s when things get dicey. States have to make sure they know about the unwinding process in the first place, they have to have up-to-date addresses and contact information to get in touch with people, and then people have to successfully either log onto an online portal or send documentation through the mail to confirm their eligibility. There are plenty of places where the proverbial ball could be dropped, either by the state or the enrollee.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YZaukQ">
Based on the available data, that has been happening quite a lot. In most states, more than half the people who have been kicked off Medicaid have lost coverage for an administrative reason — meaning somewhere along the way, there was an issue with their paperwork, not that they were no longer eligible.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/mVc3B2izFr4uW9s4O5-ijt0o9WQ=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24997254/of_all_people_who_were_disenrolled_72_were_terminated_for_procedural_reasons_as_of_october_11_2023.png"/> <cite>KFF</cite>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9XkxIE">
Experts are particularly concerned about children losing coverage when they shouldn’t — and for good reason.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xQEyDd">
The Biden administration <a href="https://ccf.georgetown.edu/2023/08/30/breaking-news-cms-reveals-states-are-incorrectly-processing-ex-parte-renewals-kids-are-most-at-risk/">announced</a> last month that it had detected a problem with how states were conducting their eligibility checks. A majority of states, as it turns out, were automatically disqualifying everybody in a family if they found that one person (most likely a parent) was no longer eligible for Medicaid.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WRm57B">
That approach might simplify the process for states, but it risks kicking eligible children off the program. Most states have more generous eligibility rules for children than they do for parents. So while a parent may no longer qualify for Medicaid, their child still might. The administration has demanded states take steps to make sure they are evaluating the eligibility of each individual, to ensure children are not being unnecessarily removed from Medicaid
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="c4aW8o">
The data we have on how kids are faring during unwinding is concerning. Experts expect that most children who are legitimately no longer eligible for Medicaid should be eligible for the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) in the states that run a separate CHIP program. (In other states, Medicaid and CHIP have been integrated.) According to <a href="https://ccf.georgetown.edu/2023/09/21/cms-takes-swift-action-to-require-states-to-address-medicaid-auto-renewal-errors-and-reinstate-childrens-coverage/">the Georgetown Center on Children and Families</a>, while more than 1 million children have lost Medicaid in those states over the past six months, CHIP enrollment has stayed relatively flat.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tV9HMn">
Altogether, more than 1.7 million American children <a href="https://ccf.georgetown.edu/2023/09/27/how-many-children-are-losing-medicaid/">have lost their Medicaid benefits this year</a>:
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/EQ-YIRxWJYTWTkMhThYLYBIhkuQ=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24997256/Child_Medicaid_Enrollment_Declines_During_Unwinding_ByGeorgetownCCF.png"/> <cite>Georgetown Center for Children and Families</cite>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Ogpna5">
In states that are breaking out renewal data by age, children account for a substantial share of the people who are losing Medicaid benefits:
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/y61mL8rjqFbyCPSEnfhcCSYEDmY=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24997258/children_account_for_roughly_four_in_ten_40_medicaid_disenrollments_in_the_19_states_reporting_age_breakouts_as_of_october_11_2023.png"/> <cite>KFF</cite>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bbk842">
Some coverage losses were inevitable during the unwinding process. But the US seems to be failing in the pursuit of minimizing the unnecessary losses, with the country’s children bearing a significant part of that failure. States and the Biden administration say they are trying to stop the bleeding. Time will tell if they can do so successfully — or if it’s already too late.
</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>International Olympic Committee approves cricket for 2028 Los Angeles Olympics</strong> - Cricket along with baseball/softball, flag football, squash and lacrosse will be included in the 2028 LA Olympics</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>World Cup | Can India extend its lead to 8-0 against Pakistan?</strong> - The two protagonists did not meet each other in the 2007 World Cup in the West Indies, crashing out in the league stage itself.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cricket World Cup: Bangladesh score 245/9 against New Zealand</strong> - For New Zealand, Kane Williamson came in for Will Young while Mahmudullah replaced Mahedi Hasan for Bangladesh</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Indian team withdraws from world cadet chess championship in Egypt</strong> - As many as 39 players from the country were supposed to take part in the tournament which included events in the under-12, 10 and 8 categories.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>World Cup 2023 | Incredibly tough challenge to win in India, but we’ve got the players, says Chris Woakes</strong> - India and England will face each other at Lucknow on October 29.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Six of two families found dead in separate incidents in Hyderabad</strong> - In one incident a silversmith is suspected to have given poison to his family and consumed it</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Monsoon preparedness in the Nilgiris reviewed</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Here are the big stories from Karnataka today</strong> - Welcome to the Karnataka Today newsletter, your guide from The Hindu on the major news stories to follow today. Curated and written by Nalme Nachiyar.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>CAG dismisses allegations of malfeasance in transfer of officers</strong> - In a statement, the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) said audit reports went through multiple hands before being approved by the highest authority for tabling in Parliament</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Israel-Hamas war | Life in Israel continues to be largely peaceful, say evacuated Keralites</strong> - The seven Keralites were part of the 212 Indians evacuated from Israel in the maiden flight operated under the Union government’s rescue mission ‘Operation Ajay’. They had reached Delhi from Tel Aviv in the early morning hours of October 13 before flying down to Kochi by an Air India flight.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Teacher killed in France school stabbing</strong> - Two other people have been seriously injured in the knife attack in the northern city of Arras.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Germany migrants: Seven dead after vehicle crashes in Bavaria</strong> - Authorities said the driver of a “suspected smuggling vehicle” attempted to evade police before losing control.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>French police break up pro-Palestinian demo after ban</strong> - Tear gas is used after pro-Palestinian rallies are banned as a possible threat to public order.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Russia to build nuclear plant to meet Burkina Faso’s energy needs</strong> - The deal comes after junta leader Capt Traore asked President Putin to help set up a nuclear plant.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Russia attacks Avdiivka stronghold in eastern Ukraine</strong> - Some 2,000 troops are reportedly involved in what is described as the largest-scale attack in the area.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Rocket Report: European rockets finally fly; Artemis II core stage issues</strong> - This week, Intelsat signaled confidence in Relativity Space’s Terran R rocket. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1975776">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ubuntu 23.10 is a Minotaur that moves faster and takes up less space</strong> - Interim release points the way toward minimal installers and better security. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1975687">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Apple AirTags stalking led to ruin and murders, lawsuit says</strong> - Dozens join lawsuit alleging Apple AirTags are stalkers’ “weapon of choice.” - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1975778">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Microsoft disputes $29B tax bill after “one of the largest” audits in IRS history</strong> - IRS ends epic 16-year tax probe and sends Microsoft the bill, but Redmond disagrees. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1975702">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SpaceX details Starlink-for-phones plan, launching in 2024</strong> - Cell phone towers in space could soon be connecting to your normal smartphone. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1975684">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A boy asked his father “Dad, what are politics?”</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The boy’s father thinks for a minute, then says to him “Well, son, let me give you an example. Think of our family like the country. Since I make the money that this family uses, let’s think of me like capitalism. Your mom is like the government, because she makes the rules and decides what the family’s money gets spent on. Since you depend on us for everything-food, clothing, shelter, things like that-you’re like the people of the country. Since the maid does all the hard work around here, we’ll call her the working class. We’ll think of your baby sister as the future. Take a while to think about what I said and let me know what you come up with tomorrow morning.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Okay,” says the boy. The dad pats him on the shoulder and walks away. Later on, the family has dinner and goes to bed.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
At about 11:30 that night, the boy’s baby sister wakes him up by screaming and crying. The boy goes to check on her and sees that she has destroyed her diaper so badly that poop has formed a stripe on her back. The boy goes to his parent’s’ bedroom and peeks in the door. His mom is sound asleep. Not wanting to disturb her, the boy goes to the maid’s room. Finding the door locked, he peeks in through the keyhole and sees his dad having sex with the maid. The boy sighs and goes back to bed, taking a while to fall asleep.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
His dad approaches him the next morning at breakfast and asks, “Any thoughts about yesterday’s conversation?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Yeah, dad,” the boy replies. “While the government is sound asleep, capitalism is screwing the working class, the people are being ignored, and the future is in deep shit.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/MrNightmare_999"> /u/MrNightmare_999 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/176mbvt/a_boy_asked_his_father_dad_what_are_politics/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/176mbvt/a_boy_asked_his_father_dad_what_are_politics/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Three women died and found themselves standing at the Pearly Gates.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Saint Peter said to the first woman, “How many men did you sleep with in life?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The first woman said, “I only slept with one man: my husband. And I didn’t sleep with him until after we were married.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Saint Peter turned to the angel standing next to him and said, “Give her the key to the Silver Room.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The angel gave the woman a silver key, and the woman went into Heaven with the key.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Then Saint Peter said to the second woman, “How many men did you sleep with in life?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“I remained a virgin my whole life, for I was a nun and I devoted my life to God.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Saint Peter turned to the angel and said, “Give her the key to the Golden Room.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The angel gave the woman a golden key, and the woman went into Heaven with the key.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Then Saint Peter said to the third woman, “How many men did you sleep with in life?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“I slept with 13 men before I started dating my husband, 35 men while we were dating, 49 men while we were engaged, 56 men while were were married, and 28 men after he died.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Saint Peter turned to the angel and said, “Give her the key to my room.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/wimpykidfan37"> /u/wimpykidfan37 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/176majy/three_women_died_and_found_themselves_standing_at/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/176majy/three_women_died_and_found_themselves_standing_at/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A recently married man says to his friend: “My wife and I are thinking of going on our honeymoon to northern Italy”</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Friend: “How lovely, Genoa?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Well if I didn’t I certainly wouldn’t have married her”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Jefferncfc"> /u/Jefferncfc </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/176ugl3/a_recently_married_man_says_to_his_friend_my_wife/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/176ugl3/a_recently_married_man_says_to_his_friend_my_wife/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A husband and wife are eating breakfast.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The wife says, “I had a dream last night. I was at an auction, and they were auctioning penises. Nice-sized ones were going for $25, big ones were going for $50, and spectacular ones were going for $100.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The husband says, “Is that right? How much did one like mine go for?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
And the wife says, “50 cents!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
So the husband says, “You know, I also had a dream about an auction. In my dream they were auctioning vaginas. Okay ones were going for $25, pretty tight ones were going for $50, and really tight ones were going for $100.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The wife says, “Oh yeah? How much did one like mine go for?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
And the husband says, “That`s where they held the auction.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Jokeminder42"> /u/Jokeminder42 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/176focg/a_husband_and_wife_are_eating_breakfast/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/176focg/a_husband_and_wife_are_eating_breakfast/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>I’ve seen a few jokes about dwarfs recently and I’m sick of it.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
My girlfriend has dwarfism, and is kinder and works harder than anyone I know. She deserves respect and shouldn’t be treated so poorly by you lot.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
In fact, to make it up to her I’m going to make her a lovely meal, pour her a glass of wine, and run her a nice hot sink.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Neat_Petite"> /u/Neat_Petite </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/176fd1l/ive_seen_a_few_jokes_about_dwarfs_recently_and_im/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/176fd1l/ive_seen_a_few_jokes_about_dwarfs_recently_and_im/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
<script>AOS.init();</script></body></html>

4
index.html
View File

File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long