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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>DiSCERN - Deep Single Cell Expression ReconstructioN for improved cell clustering and cell subtype and state detection</strong> -
<div>
Single cell sequencing provides detailed insights into biological processes including cell differentiation and identity. While providing deep cell-specific information, the method suffers from technical constraints, most notably a limited number of expressed genes per cell, which leads to suboptimal clustering and cell type identification. Here we present DISCERN, a novel deep generative network that reconstructs missing single cell gene expression using a reference dataset. DISCERN outperforms competing algorithms in expression inference resulting in greatly improved cell clustering, cell type and activity detection, and insights into the cellular regulation of disease. We used DISCERN to detect two unseen COVID-19-associated T cell types, cytotoxic CD4 + and CD8 + Tc2 T helper cells, with a potential role in adverse disease outcome. We utilized T cell fraction information of patient blood to classify mild or severe COVID-19 with an AUROC of 81 % that can serve as a biomarker of disease stage. DISCERN can be easily integrated into existing single cell sequencing workflows and readily adapted to enhance various other biomedical data types.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.09.483600v6" target="_blank">DiSCERN - Deep Single Cell Expression ReconstructioN for improved cell clustering and cell subtype and state detection</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Inactivation of Influenza A virus by pH conditions encountered in expiratory aerosol particles results from localized conformational changes within Haemagglutinin and Matrix 1 proteins.</strong> -
<div>
Multiple respiratory viruses including Influenza A virus (IAV) can be transmitted via expiratory aerosol particles, and many studies have established that indoor environmental conditions can affect viral infectivity during this transmission. Aerosol pH was recently identified as a major factor influencing the infectivity of aerosol-borne IAV and SARS-CoV-2, and for indoor room air, modelling indicates that small exhaled aerosols will undergo rapid acidification (pH below 5.5). However, there is a fundamental lack of understanding as to the mechanisms leading to viral inactivation within an acidic aerosol micro-environment. Here, we identified that transient exposure to acidic conditions impacted the early stages of the IAV infection cycle, which was primarily attributed to loss of binding function of the viral protein haemagglutinin. Viral capsid integrity was also partially affected by transient acidic exposures. The structural changes associated with loss of viral infectivity were then characterized using whole-virus hydrogen-deuterium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry (HDX-MS), and we observed discrete regions of unfolding in the external viral protein haemagglutinin and the internal matrix protein 1. Viral nucleoprotein structure appeared to be unaffected by exposure to acidic conditions. Protein analyses were complemented by genome and lipid envelope characterizations, and no acid-mediated changes were detected using our whole-virus methods. Improved understanding of the fate of respiratory viruses within exhaled aerosols constitutes a global public health priority, and information gained here could aid the development of novel strategies or therapeutics to control the airborne persistence of seasonal and/or pandemic influenza in the future. This study also provides proof-of-concept that HDX-MS is a highly effective method for characterization of both internal and external proteins for whole enveloped viruses such as IAV.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.01.514690v1" target="_blank">Inactivation of Influenza A virus by pH conditions encountered in expiratory aerosol particles results from localized conformational changes within Haemagglutinin and Matrix 1 proteins.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Post-COVID Phenotypic Manifestations are Associated with New-Onset Psychiatric Disease: Findings from the NIH N3C and RECOVER Studies</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Acute COVID-19 infection can be followed by diverse clinical manifestations referred to as Post Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV2 Infection (PASC). Studies have shown an increased risk of being diagnosed with new-onset psychiatric disease following a diagnosis of acute COVID-19. However, it was unclear whether non-psychiatric PASC-associated manifestations (PASC-AMs) are associated with an increased risk of new-onset psychiatric disease following COVID-19. A retrospective EHR cohort study of 1,603,767 individuals with acute COVID-19 was performed to evaluate whether non-psychiatric PASC-AMs are associated with new-onset psychiatric disease. Data were obtained from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C), which has EHR data from 65 clinical organizations. EHR codes were mapped to 151 non-psychiatric PASC-AMs recorded 28-120 days following SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and before diagnosis of new-onset psychiatric disease. Association of newly diagnosed psychiatric disease with age, sex, race, pre-existing comorbidities, and PASC-AMs in seven categories was assessed by logistic regression. There was a significant association between six categories and newly diagnosed anxiety, mood, and psychotic disorders, with odds ratios highest for cardiovascular (1.35, 1.27-1.42) PASC-AMs. Secondary analysis revealed that the proportions of 95 individual clinical features significantly differed between patients diagnosed with different psychiatric disorders. Our study provides evidence for association between non-psychiatric PASC-AMs and the incidence of newly diagnosed psychiatric disease. Significant associations were found for features related to multiple organ systems. This information could prove useful in understanding risk stratification for new-onset psychiatric disease following COVID-19. Prospective studies are needed to corroborate these findings.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.08.22277388v2" target="_blank">Post-COVID Phenotypic Manifestations are Associated with New-Onset Psychiatric Disease: Findings from the NIH N3C and RECOVER Studies</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>An optimised method for recovery and quantification of laboratory generated SARS-CoV-2 aerosols by plaque assay.</strong> -
<div>
We present an optimised method for the recovery of laboratory generated SARS-CoV-2 aerosols and quantification by plaque assays. This method allows easy incorporation into existing standard operating procedures of biological containment level 3 (CL3) laboratories.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.31.514483v1" target="_blank">An optimised method for recovery and quantification of laboratory generated SARS-CoV-2 aerosols by plaque assay.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Site of vulnerability on SARS-CoV-2 spike induces broadly protective antibody to antigenically distinct omicron SARS-CoV-2 subvariants</strong> -
<div>
The rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants has emphasized the need to identify antibodies with broad neutralizing capabilities to inform future monoclonal therapies and vaccination strategies. Herein, we identify S728-1157, a broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) targeting the receptor-binding site (RBS) and derived from an individual previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 prior to the spread of variants of concern (VOCs). S728-1157 demonstrates broad cross-neutralization of all dominant variants including D614G, Beta, Delta, Kappa, Mu, and Omicron (BA.1/BA.2/BA.2.75/BA.4/BA.5/BL.1). Furthermore, it protected hamsters against in vivo challenges with wildtype, Delta, and BA.1 viruses. Structural analysis reveals that this antibody targets a class 1 epitope via multiple hydrophobic and polar interactions with its CDR-H3, in addition to common class 1 motifs in CDR-H1/CDR-H2. Importantly, this epitope is more readily accessible in the open and prefusion state, or in the hexaproline (6P)-stabilized spike constructs, as compared to diproline (2P) constructs. Overall, S728-1157 demonstrates broad therapeutic potential, and may inform target-driven vaccine design against future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.31.514592v1" target="_blank">Site of vulnerability on SARS-CoV-2 spike induces broadly protective antibody to antigenically distinct omicron SARS-CoV-2 subvariants</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>mRNA bivalent booster enhances neutralization against BA.2.75.2 and BQ.1.1</strong> -
<div>
The emergence of the highly divergent SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has jeopardized the efficacy of vaccines based on the ancestral spike. The bivalent COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccine within the United States is comprised of the ancestral and the Omicron BA.5 spike. Since its approval and distribution, additional Omicron subvariants have been identified with key mutations within the spike protein receptor binding domain that are predicted to escape vaccine sera. Of particular concern is the R346T mutation which has arisen in multiple subvariants, including BA.2.75.2 and BQ.1.1. Using a live virus neutralization assay, we evaluated serum samples from individuals who had received either one or two monovalent boosters or the bivalent booster to determine neutralizing activity against wild-type (WA1/2020) virus and Omicron subvariants BA.1, BA.5, BA.2.75.2, and BQ.1.1. In the one monovalent booster cohort, relative to WA1/2020, we observed a reduction in neutralization titers of 9-15-fold against BA.1 and BA.5 and 28-39-fold against BA.2.75.2 and BQ.1.1. In the BA.5-containing bivalent booster cohort, the neutralizing activity improved against all the Omicron subvariants. Relative to WA1/2020, we observed a reduction in neutralization titers of 3.7- and 4-fold against BA.1 and BA.5, respectively, and 11.5- and 21-fold against BA.2.75.2 and BQ.1.1, respectively. These data suggest that the bivalent mRNA booster vaccine broadens humoral immunity against the Omicron subvariants.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.31.514636v1" target="_blank">mRNA bivalent booster enhances neutralization against BA.2.75.2 and BQ.1.1</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Negligible peptidome diversity of SARS-CoV-2 and its higher taxonomic ranks</strong> -
<div>
The unprecedented increase in SARS-CoV-2 sequence data limits the application of alignment-dependent approaches to study viral diversity. Herein, we applied our recently published UNIQmin, an alignment-free tool to study the protein sequence diversity of SARS-CoV-2 (sub-species) and its higher taxonomic lineage ranks (species, genus, and family). Only less than 0.5% of the reported SARS-CoV-2 protein sequences are required to represent the inherent viral peptidome diversity, which only increases to a mere ~2% at the family rank. This is expected to remain relatively the same even with further increases in the sequence data. The findings have important implications in the design of vaccines, drugs, and diagnostics, whereby the number of sequences required for consideration of such studies is drastically reduced, short-circuiting the discovery process, while still providing for a systematic evaluation and coverage of the pathogen diversity.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.31.513750v1" target="_blank">Negligible peptidome diversity of SARS-CoV-2 and its higher taxonomic ranks</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Characteristics of Students Participating in Collegiate Recovery Programs and the Impact of COVID-19: An Updated National Longitudinal Study</strong> -
<div>
The goals of the present study were to use data from the first national longitudinal study of students in collegiate recovery programs (CRPs) to 1) provide an updated characterization of CRP students, with respect to demographics and past problem severity; 2) characterize current psychosocial functioning and examine changes in functioning over time; and 3) examine the impact of COVID-19 on CRP students. Data came from a longitudinal cohort study focused on the impact of CRPs on participating students’ success initiated in fall 2020. Four-year universities and community colleges with CRPs were invited to be partners on this project. Three cohorts of participants were recruited. All participants who completed the baseline survey (N = 334) were invited to complete follow-up surveys. The sample was composed of mostly White, cisgender undergraduate students with an average age of 29 years at baseline. CRP students generally reported challenging personal and academic histories, including high levels of polysubstance use and substance problem severity. They evidenced high levels of current psychosocial functioning. Recovery-related functioning (i.e., recovery capital, quality of life) was generally high at baseline and decreased slightly over time. COVID-19 represented a substantial source of stress for many CRP students, impacting some individuals’ abstinence. These results from the first national longitudinal study of CRP students parallel findings from other cross-sectional and/or CRP-specific studies and provide novel insights into the stability of recovery functioning. These results can advance our understanding and characterization of the national CRP student population, with the ability to examine recovery-related constructs over time.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/egpyv/" target="_blank">Characteristics of Students Participating in Collegiate Recovery Programs and the Impact of COVID-19: An Updated National Longitudinal Study</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>It-which-must-not-be-named: COVID-19 misinformation, tactics to profit from it and to evade content moderation on YouTube</strong> -
<div>
COVID-19 misinformation became accessible and profitable through social media platforms, such as YouTube. Here we investigate if Brazilian YouTube channels previously identified as vaccine misinformation spreaders would also misinform their audience about COVID-19. Our analysis sample consists of 6 months of content (3,318 videos) from 50 Brazilian YouTube channels. We establish a protocol to classify the types of COVID-19 misinformation spread by the content creators, describing how the channels evade content moderation—disguising, replicating, and dispersing misinformation—and what tactics the content creators use to profit. Our analysis shows that these channels exploited COVID-19 misinformation to promote themselves, profiting in the process.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/3cg9d/" target="_blank">It-which-must-not-be-named: COVID-19 misinformation, tactics to profit from it and to evade content moderation on YouTube</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Fluvoxamine for Outpatient Treatment of COVID-19: A Decentralized, Placebo-controlled, Randomized, Platform Clinical Trial</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: The effectiveness of fluvoxamine to shorten symptom duration or prevent hospitalization among outpatients in the US with mild to moderate symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is unclear. Design: ACTIV-6 is an ongoing, decentralized, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled platform trial testing repurposed medications in outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19. A total of 1288 non-hospitalized adults aged &gt;=30 years with confirmed COVID-19 experiencing &gt;=2 symptoms of acute infection for &lt;=7 days prior to randomization were randomized to receive fluvoxamine 50 mg or placebo twice daily for 10 days. The primary outcome was time to sustained recovery, defined as the third of 3 consecutive days without symptoms. Secondary outcomes included composites of hospitalization or death with or without urgent or emergency care visit by day 28. Results: Of 1331 participants randomized (mean [SD] age, 48.5 [12.8] years; 57% women; 67% reported receiving at least 2 doses of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine), 1288 completed the trial (n=614 placebo, n=674 fluvoxamine). Median time to recovery was 13 days (IQR 12-13) in the placebo group and 12 days (IQR 11-14) in the fluvoxamine group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.96, 95% credible interval [CrI] 0.86-1.07; posterior probability for benefit [HR&gt;1]=0.22). Twenty-six participants (3.9%) in the fluvoxamine group were hospitalized or had urgent or emergency care visits compared with 23 (3.8%) in the placebo group (HR 1.1, 95% CrI 0.6-1.8; posterior probability for benefit [HR&lt;1]=0.340). One participant in the fluvoxamine group and 2 in the placebo group were hospitalized; no deaths occurred. Adverse events were uncommon in both groups. Conclusions: Treatment with fluvoxamine 50 mg twice daily for 10 days did not improve time to recovery, compared with placebo, among outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19. These findings do not support the use of fluvoxamine at this dose and duration in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.17.22281178v2" target="_blank">Fluvoxamine for Outpatient Treatment of COVID-19: A Decentralized, Placebo-controlled, Randomized, Platform Clinical Trial</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>COVID-19 primary series and booster vaccination and immune imprinting</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: Epidemiological evidence for immune imprinting was investigated in immune histories related to vaccination in Qatar from onset of the omicron wave, on December 19, 2021, through September 15, 2022. Methods: Matched, retrospective, cohort studies were conducted to investigate differences in incidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in the national cohort of persons who had a primary omicron infection, but different vaccination histories. History of primary-series (two-dose) vaccination was compared to that of no vaccination, history of booster (three-dose) vaccination was compared to that of two-dose vaccination, and history of booster vaccination was compared to that of no vaccination. Associations were estimated using Cox proportional-hazards regression models. Results: The adjusted hazard ratio comparing incidence of reinfection in the two-dose cohort to that in the unvaccinated cohort was 0.43 (95% CI: 0.38-0.48). The adjusted hazard ratio comparing incidence of reinfection in the three-dose cohort to that in the two-dose cohort was 1.38 (95% CI: 1.16-1.65). The adjusted hazard ratio comparing incidence of reinfection in the three-dose cohort to that in the unvaccinated cohort was 0.53 (95% CI: 0.44-0.63). All adjusted hazard ratios appeared stable over 6 months of follow-up. Divergence in cumulative incidence curves in all comparisons increased markedly when incidence was dominated by BA.4/BA.5 and BA.2.75*. No reinfection in any cohort progressed to severe, critical, or fatal COVID-19. Conclusions: History of primary-series vaccination enhanced immune protection against omicron reinfection, but history of booster vaccination compromised protection against omicron reinfection. These findings do not undermine the short-term public health utility of booster vaccination.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.31.22281756v1" target="_blank">COVID-19 primary series and booster vaccination and immune imprinting</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Long-term Association between NO2 and Human Mobility: A Two-year Spatiotemporal Study during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Southeast Asia</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Since the COVID-19 pandemic, governments have implemented lockdowns and movement restrictions to contain the disease outbreak. Previous studies have reported a significant positive correlation between NO2 and mobility level during the lockdowns in early 2020. Though NO2 level and mobility exhibited similar spatial distribution, our initial exploration indicated that the decreased mobility level did not always result in concurrent decreasing NO2 level during a two-year time period in Southeast Asia with human movement data at a very high spatial resolution (i.e., Facebook origin-destination data). It indicated that factors other than mobility level contributed to NO2 level decline. Our subsequent analysis used a trained Multi-Layer Perceptron model to assess mobility and other contributing factors (e.g., travel modes, temperature, wind speed) and predicted future NO2 levels in Southeast Asia. The model results suggest that, while as expected mobility has a strong impact on NO2 level, a more accurate prediction requires considering different travel modes (i.e., driving and walking). Mobility shows two-sided impacts on NO2 level: mobility above the average level has a high impact on NO2, whereas mobility at a relatively low level shows negligible impact. The results also suggest that spatio-temporal heterogeneity and temperature also have impacts on NO2 and they should be incorporated to facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the association between NO2 and mobility in the future study.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.29.22281700v1" target="_blank">Long-term Association between NO2 and Human Mobility: A Two-year Spatiotemporal Study during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Southeast Asia</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Evaluation of the Peterborough Public Health COVID-19 Rapid Antigen Test Self-Report Tool: Implications for COVID-19 Surveillance</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated novel testing strategies, including the use of Rapid Antigen Tests (RATs). The widespread distribution of RATs to the public prompted Peterborough Public Health to launch a pilot RAT self-report tool to assess its utility in COVID-19 surveillance. Objective: To investigate the utility of a RAT self-report tool through an analysis of the temporal association between RAT results, PCR test results, and wastewater levels of COVID-19. Methods: We investigated the association between RAT results, PCR test results, and wastewater levels of COVID-19 using Pearson correlation coefficients. Percent positivity and count of positive tests for RATs and PCR tests were analyzed. Results: PCR percent positivity and wastewater were weakly correlated (r=0.33 p=0.022), as were RAT percent positivity and wastewater (r=0.33 p=0.002). RAT percent positivity and PCR percent positivity were not significantly correlated (r=-0.035, p=0.75). Count of positive RAT tests and count of positive PCR tests were moderately correlated (r=0.59, p&lt;0.001). Wastewater was not significantly correlated to count of positive RAT tests (r=0.019, p=0.864) or count of positive PCR tests (r=0.004, p=0.971). Conclusion: Our results provide evidence in support of the use of RAT self-reporting as a low-cost simple adjunctive COVID-19 surveillance tool, and may suggest that its utility is greatest when considering an absolute count of positive RAT tests rather than percent positivity due to reporting bias towards positive tests. These results can help inform COVID-19 surveillance strategies of local Public Health Units and encourage the use of a RAT self-report tool.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.28.22281659v1" target="_blank">Evaluation of the Peterborough Public Health COVID-19 Rapid Antigen Test Self-Report Tool: Implications for COVID-19 Surveillance</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The global polarisation of remote work</strong> -
<div>
The Covid-19 pandemic has led to the rise of digitally enabled remote work with consequences for the global division of labour. Remote work could connect labour markets, but it might also increase spatial polarisation. However, our understanding of the geographies of remote work is limited. Specifically, in how far could remote work connect employers and workers in different countries? Does it bring jobs to rural areas because of lower living costs, or does it concentrate in large cities? And how do skill requirements affect competition for employment and wages? We use data from a fully remote labour market - an online labour platform - to show that remote platform work is polarised along three dimensions. First, countries are globally divided: North American, European, and South Asian remote platform workers attract most jobs, while many Global South countries participate only marginally. Secondly, remote jobs are pulled to large cities; rural areas fall behind. Thirdly, remote work is polarised along the skill axis: workers with in-demand skills attract profitable jobs, while others face intense competition and obtain low wages. The findings suggest that agglomerative forces linked to the unequal spatial distribution of skills, human capital, and opportunities shape the global geography of remote work. These forces pull remote work to places with institutions that foster specialisation and complex economic activities, i.e. metropolitan areas focused on information and communication technologies. Locations without access to these enabling institutions - in many cases, rural areas - fall behind. To make remote work an effective tool for economic and rural development, it would need to be complemented by local skill-building, infrastructure investment, and labour market programmes.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/q8a96/" target="_blank">The global polarisation of remote work</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Disassociating conformity driven and self-interest driven dishonest behaviors</strong> -
<div>
Learning from others’ dishonesty usually encompasses various motivations, for example, the destination to pursue self-interest and the tendency to conform to the group norm. However, these different processes were rarely dissociated previously, which impedes the understanding of how the individual dishonest behavior propagates and becomes popular in the community. We built a comprehensive model based on the reinforcement learning framework to depict both the processes of rational self-interest propensity and dishonesty conformity and examined their roles during the social learning of dishonesty. With an agent-based simulation and empirical studies in samples of diverse cultural backgrounds, we found rational self-interest propensity was the primary factor that drives dishonest acts of self-interest, whereas the effect of dishonesty conformity was conditional and context-dependent. With an fMRI experiment, we found the brain implemented dishonesty conformity differently when it serves distinct goals. Besides, these two processes of dishonesty were encoded by non-overlapping dynamic interactions between the brain regions. In the background of the COVID-19 pandemic where public coordination is highly demanded but at a cost of self-interest, we found that these two processes of dishonesty exerted discrepant effects on residents’ attitudes towards the local epidemic control and impacted the prevalence of pathogens unevenly.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/w2kn3/" target="_blank">Disassociating conformity driven and self-interest driven dishonest behaviors</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Efficacy of Medications COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Severe Covid-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Oral bedtime melatonin<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Hospital San Carlos, Madrid<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Use of Multiple Doses of Convalescent Plasma in Mechanically Intubated Patients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: Multiple doses of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Convalescent Plasma<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Hospital Regional Dr. Rafael Estévez;   Complejo Hospitalario Dr. Arnulfo Arias Madrid;   Hospital Santo Tomas;   Hospital Punta Pacífica, Pacífica Salud;   Insituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios para la Salud;   Sociedad Panameña de Hematología;   Institute of Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT AIP);   University of Panama;   Sistema Nacional de Investigación de Panamá<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Phase III of COVID-19 Vaccine EuCorVac-19 in Healthy Adults Aged 18 Years and Older</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: EuCorVac-19;   Biological: ChAdOx1<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   EuBiologics Co.,Ltd<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Open Multicenter Study for Assessment of Efficacy and Safety of Molnupiravir in Adult Patients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Molnupiravir (Esperavir);   Drug: Standard of care<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Promomed, LLC<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Open Multicentre Study of the Safety and Efficacy Against COVID-19 of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir in the Adult Population</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: nirmatrelvir/ritonavir;   Drug: Standard of care<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Promomed, LLC;   Sponsor GmbH<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study Evaluating GS-5245 in Participants With COVID-19 Who Have a High Risk of Developing Serious or Severe Illness</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: GS-5245;   Drug: GS-5245 Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Gilead Sciences<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effects of Respiratory Muscle Training in Individuals With Long-term Post-COVID-19 Symptoms</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Covid19;   Post-acute COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Other: Inspiratory + expiratory muscle training group;   Other: Inspiratory + expiratory muscle training sham group;   Other: Exercise training program<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Universidad Complutense de Madrid;   Colegio Profesional de Fisioterapeutas de la Comunidad de Madrid<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Recombinant COVID-19 Vaccine (CHO Cell, NVSI-06-09) Phase III Clinical Trial</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Coronavirus Infections<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: LIBP-Rec-Vaccine;   Biological: BIBP-Rec-Vaccine;   Biological: placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   National Vaccine and Serum Institute, China;   China National Biotec Group Company Limited;   Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd;   Beijing Institute of Biological Products Co Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Boost Intentions and Facilitate Action to Promote COVID-19 Booster Take-up</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Vaccines<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: Eligibility reminder;   Behavioral: Link to a narrow set of vaccine venues;   Behavioral: Link to a broad set of vaccine venues;   Behavioral: Doctors’ recommendation and value of vaccine<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University of California, Los Angeles<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effects of Prompt to Bundle COVID-19 Booster and Flu Shot</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Vaccines<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: Reminder to boost protection against COVID-19;   Behavioral: Flu Tag Along;   Behavioral: COVID-19 Booster &amp; Flu Bundle<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University of California, Los Angeles<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Information Provision and Consistency Framing to Increase COVID-19 Booster Uptake</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Vaccines<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: Reminder that facilitates action;   Behavioral: Consistency framing;   Behavioral: Information provision about the uniqueness of the bivalent booster;   Behavioral: Information provision about bivalent booster eligibility;   Behavioral: Information provision about the severity of COVID-19 symptoms<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University of California, Los Angeles<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>OPtimisation of Antiviral Therapy in Immunocompromised COVID-19 Patients: a Randomized Factorial Controlled Strategy Trial</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Immunodeficiency<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Paxlovid 5 days;   Drug: Paxlovid 10 days;   Drug: Tixagevimab and Cilgavimab<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   ANRS, Emerging Infectious Diseases;   University Hospital, Geneva<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of Combined Modified RNA Vaccine Candidates Against COVID-19 and Influenza</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Influenza, Human;   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: bivalent BNT162b2 (original/Omi BA.4/BA.5);   Biological: qIRV (22/23);   Biological: QIV<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   BioNTech SE;   Pfizer<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability, Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of ASC10 in Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   SARS CoV 2 Infection<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: ASC10;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Ascletis Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Phase I/II Study of GLB-COV2-043 as a COVID-19 Vaccine Booster</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: GLB-COV2-043;   Drug: BNT162b2/COMIRNATY®<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   GreenLight Biosciences, Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Anti-SARS-CoV-2 and cytotoxic activity of two marine alkaloids from green alga <em>Caulerpa cylindracea</em> Sonder in the Dardanelles</strong> - Caulerpa cylindracea Sonder is a green alga belonging to the Caulerpaceae family. This is the first chemical investigation of C. cylindracea in the Dardanelles which resulted in the isolation of four compounds, caulerpin (1), monomethyl caulerpinate (2), beta-sitosterol (3), and palmitic acid (4). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses including 1D- and 2D NMR and mass. The isolated compounds 1 and 2 were tested against the SARS-CoV-2 viral targets spike protein and main…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Withholding methotrexate after vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCov19 in patients with rheumatoid or psoriatic arthritis in India (MIVAC I and II): results of two, parallel, assessor-masked, randomised controlled trials</strong> - BACKGROUND: There is a necessity for an optimal COVID-19 vaccination strategy for vulnerable population groups, including people with autoimmune inflammatory arthritis on immunosuppressants such as methotrexate, which inhibit vaccine-induced immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Thus, we aimed to assess the effects of withholding methotrexate for 2 weeks after each dose of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) vaccine (MIVAC I) or only after the second dose of vaccine (MIVAC II) compared with continuation…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>In silico analyses of betulin: DFT studies, corrosion inhibition properties, ADMET prediction, and molecular docking with a series of SARS-CoV-2 and monkeypox proteins</strong> - We report detailed computational studies of betulin - a pentacyclic naturally occuring triterpene, which is a precursor for a broad family of biologically active derivatives. The structure, electronic, and optical properties of betulin were studied by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations in gas phase. The reactivity and the reactive centers of betulin were revealed through its global reactivity descriptors and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP). The DFT calculations were also…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Irradiation accelerates SARS-CoV-2 infection by enhancing sphingolipid metabolism</strong> - Cancer patients who receive radiotherapy have a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the concrete reason remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the influence of irradiation on the vulnerability of cancer cells to SARS-CoV-2 using S pseudovirions and probed the underlying mechanism via RNA-seq and other molecular biology techniques. Owing to the enhancement of sphingolipid metabolism, irradiation accelerated pseudovirion infection. Mechanistically, irradiation induced the expression of acid…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>LY3041658/ interleukin-8 complex structure as targets for IL-8 small molecule inhibitors discovery using a combination of in silico methods</strong> - Since interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL8) and its receptor, CXCR1 and CXCR2, were known in the early 1990s, biological pathways related to these proteins were proven to have high clinical value in cancer and inflammatory/autoimmune conditions treatment. Recently, IL-8 has been identified as biomarker for severe COVID-19 patients and COVID-19 prognosis. Boyles et al. (mAbs 12 (2020), pp. 1831880) have published a high-resolution X-ray crystal structure of the LY3041658 Fab in a complex human CXCL8. They…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Chemical Compositions of Clove (<em>Syzygium aromaticum</em> (L.) Merr. &amp; L.) Extracts and Their Potentials in Suppressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein-ACE2 Binding, Inhibiting ACE2, and Scavenging Free Radicals</strong> - COVID-19 is initiated by binding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on host cells. Food factors capable of suppressing the binding between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and ACE2 or reducing the ACE2 availability through ACE2 inhibitions may potentially reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19. In this study, the chemical compositions of clove water and ethanol extracts were investigated, along with their potentials in suppressing SARS-CoV-2 spike…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>hnRNP K Degrades Viral Nucleocapsid Protein and Induces Type I IFN Production to Inhibit Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Replication</strong> - Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a re-emerging enteric coronavirus currently spreading in several nations and inflicting substantial financial damages on the swine industry. The currently available coronavirus vaccines do not provide adequate protection against the newly emerging viral strains. It is essential to study the relationship between host antiviral factors and the virus and to investigate the mechanisms underlying host immune response against PEDV infection. This study shows…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Antiviral drug design based on structural insights into the N-terminal domain and C-terminal domain of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein</strong> - Nucleocapsid (N) protein plays crucial roles in the life cycle of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), including the formation of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex with the viral RNA. Here we reported the crystal structures of the N-terminal domain (NTD) and C-terminal domain (CTD) of the N protein and an NTD-RNA complex. Our structures reveal a unique tetramer organization of NTD and identify a distinct RNA binding mode in the NTD-RNA complex, which could contribute to…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 drives NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human microglia through spike protein</strong> - Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is primarily a respiratory disease, however, an increasing number of reports indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection can also cause severe neurological manifestations, including precipitating cases of probable Parkinson’s disease. As microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation is a major driver of neurodegeneration, here we interrogated whether SARS-CoV-2 can promote microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Using SARS-CoV-2 infection of transgenic mice expressing…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>BC-11 is a covalent TMPRSS2 fragment inhibitor that impedes SARS-CoV-2 host cell entry</strong> - Host cell entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is facilitated via priming of its spike glycoprotein by the human transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). Although camostat and nafamostat are two highly potent covalent TMPRSS2 inhibitors, they nevertheless did not hold promise in COVID-19 clinical trials, presumably due to their short plasma half-lives. Herein, we report an integrative chemogenomics approach based on computational modeling and in vitro enzymatic…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>High-Throughput Assay for Identifying Diverse Antagonists of the Binding Interaction between the ACE2 Receptor and the Dynamic Spike Proteins of SARS-CoV-2</strong> - SARS-CoV-2, a coronavirus strain that started a worldwide pandemic in early 2020, attaches to human cells by binding its spike (S) glycoprotein to a host receptor protein angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Blocking the interaction between the S protein and ACE2 has emerged as an important strategy for preventing viral infection. We systematically developed and optimized an AlphaLISA assay to investigate binding events between ACE2 and the ectodomain of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein (S-614G:…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>P38 kinases mediate NLRP1 inflammasome activation after ribotoxic stress response and virus infection</strong> - Inflammasomes integrate cytosolic evidence of infection or damage to mount inflammatory responses. The inflammasome sensor NLRP1 is expressed in human keratinocytes and coordinates inflammation in the skin. We found that diverse stress signals induce human NLRP1 inflammasome assembly by activating MAP kinase p38: While the ribotoxic stress response to UV and microbial molecules exclusively activates p38 through MAP3K ZAKα, infection with arthropod-borne alphaviruses, including Semliki Forest and…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>25-Hydroxycholesterol Mediates Cholesterol Metabolism to Restrict Porcine Deltacoronavirus Infection via Suppression of Transforming Growth Factor β1</strong> - Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), an emerging enteropathogenic coronavirus in pigs, is one of the major pathogens for lethal watery diarrhea in piglets and poses a threat to public health because of its potential for interspecies transmission to humans. 25-Hydroxycholesterol (25HC), a derivative of cholesterol, exhibits multiple potential modulating host responses to pathogens, including viruses and bacteria, as well as pathogen-induced inflammation, while its antiviral effect on PDCoV and how…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Generation of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/Transmembrane Protease Serine 2-Double-Positive Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Spheroids for Anti-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Drug Evaluation</strong> - We newly generated two human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived spheroid lines, termed Spheroids_(4M)^(ACE2-TMPRSS2) and Spheroids_(15M63)^(ACE2-TMPRSS2), both of which express angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), which are critical for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Both spheroids were highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and two representative anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents, remdesivir and 5h…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Enhanced Inactivation of Pseudoparticles Containing SARS-CoV-2 S Protein Using Magnetic Nanoparticles and an Alternating Magnetic Field</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2’s (SARS-CoV-2) rapid global spread has posed a significant threat to human health, and similar outbreaks could occur in the future. Developing effective virus inactivation technologies is critical to preventing and overcoming pandemics. The infection of SARS-CoV-2 depends on the binding of the spike glycoprotein (S) receptor binding domain (RBD) to the host cellular surface receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). If this interaction is…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Why Vladimir Putin Would Use Nuclear Weapons in Ukraine</strong> - The more the Kremlin has signalled its readiness to drop a nuclear bomb, the more the rest of the world has sought a reason to believe that it will not. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/why-vladimir-putin-would-use-nuclear-weapons-in-ukraine">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Withdrawn Ukraine Letter and the Progressive Debate About Biden’s Foreign Policy</strong> - Last week, thirty members of Congress issued, updated, and retracted a letter calling for more direct diplomacy to end the war in Ukraine. What happened? - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/a-withdrawn-ukraine-letter-and-the-progressive-debate-about-bidens-foreign-policy">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Inherent Contradictions in the Affirmative-Action Debate</strong> - The Supreme Court takes on race-conscious admissions policies at Harvard and the University of North Carolina. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-education/the-inherent-contradictions-in-the-affirmative-action-debate">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Disturbing Rise of Amateur Predator-Hunting Stings</strong> - How the search for men who prey on underage victims became a YouTube craze. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-the-southwest/the-disturbing-rise-of-amateur-predator-hunting-stings">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Elon Musk Just Highlighted His Biggest Dilemma at Twitter</strong> - After overpaying for the platform, he is under pressure to run it on the cheap, but this will likely fuel more controversies that alienate advertisers and users. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/elon-musk-just-highlighted-his-biggest-dilemma-at-twitter">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>The 3 possible outcomes of the midterms in Congress, explained</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="On a graph-paper background, a red elephant and blue donkey, each cut in two pieces, are on either side of a hybrid animal with a red elephant’s hindquarters and a blue donkey’s front half." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/jX5np6hYi6ACBIQS9DTQdZ5TaQQ=/279x0:2946x2000/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71574350/scenarios.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Amanda Northrop/Vox
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Here’s what each party would do with power — and what divided government would mean for policy.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ydp3EJ">
Once the dust settles from the midterm elections, what — if anything — is Congress likely to do over the next two years?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RSO7Ng">
Right now, polls and forecasts suggest the Senate still is <a href="https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/2022-election-forecast/senate/">a toss-up</a>, while Republicans are <a href="https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/2022-election-forecast/house/">more likely than not</a> to win a majority in the House of Representatives. That would mean some form of divided government, with Republicans in charge of one or both houses of Congress while President Joe Biden and his veto pen would be able to stop them from implementing much of their agenda. But it’s still possible, although it currently looks less likely, that Democrats could hold onto the Senate, giving them two more years of a Democratic trifecta.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HK4u13">
Those three scenarios — Republicans winning just the House, Republicans winning the House and Senate, and Democrats holding onto control of Congress — differ in important ways. A Republican-dominated Congress could create something like gridlock, leading to potential battles over the debt ceiling and government funding and giving the Senate the power to hold up Biden’s nominees. A split legislature, with Republicans controlling only the House of Representatives, would put a focus on investigations and, potentially, lead to a vote to impeach Biden. And if Democrats retain control, they’ll face many of the same challenges they did over the last two years.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AIvNM2">
Here are the three possible outcomes of the midterms and what might happen once the new Congress begins in January 2023.
</p>
<h3 id="v6ICU9">
Scenario 1: Republicans control both houses of Congress
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="H0wLTJ">
<strong>How likely is it? </strong>Not unlikely! Forecasts from <a href="https://www.politico.com/2022-election/race-forecasts-ratings-and-predictions/">Politico</a> and <a href="https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/2022-election-forecast/">FiveThirtyEight</a> suggest Republicans are favored to win the House, while the Senate is a toss-up that comes down to <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/31/us/politics/democrats-republicans-senate-election-polls.html">a few key races</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mwxtuK">
<strong>What’s at stake? </strong>If Republicans win control of the House and Senate, they’ll have the scope to pursue a legislative agenda beyond what they’ve promised on the campaign trail — even if President Joe Biden’s veto could ultimately block most of their ability to make it a reality.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4nQX9m">
GOP House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy, who would become House Speaker if elected, released a “<a href="https://www.republicanleader.gov/commitment/">Commitment to America</a>” agenda in September — mostly a vague, one-page outline of Republican talking points like “curb wasteful government spending” and “create good-paying jobs,” though it was sprinkled with a few specifics, like a pledge to hire 200,000 more police officers and end proxy voting in Congress, which allows members to cast votes remotely. McCarthy also promises to “confront Big Tech” and expand school choice and a “Parents’ Bill of Rights.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IwKuiC">
The one-pager and the Republican campaign for controlling Congress mask what are sure to be larger fights within the Republican caucus around fiscal policy. Many House conservatives are interested in using <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/10/25/23423216/democrats-debt-ceiling-lame-duck-kevin-mccarthy">forthcoming debt limit fights</a> to force Democrats’ hands on cutting entitlement programs.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="b5p8Qp">
This hasn’t been a center of the midterm campaigns: the Commitment to America agenda says nothing about Medicare or Social Security. But earlier this year, the Republican Study Committee, the House’s conservative caucus that comprises nearly 75 percent of the House GOP, released <a href="https://banks.house.gov/uploadedfiles/fy23_budget_final_copy.pdf">a 122-page manifesto</a> that pledged to cut Medicare and Social Security benefits by raising the eligibility age as well as pushing beneficiaries to enroll in private Medicare and retirement plans.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RyB6tC">
In the Senate, Sen. Rick Scott (R-FL) endorsed the idea of forcing Congress to vote on reauthorizing Social Security and Medicare every five years, and Sen. Ron Johnson (R-WI) backed voting on the entitlement programs <a href="https://www.wpr.org/ron-johnson-calls-annual-approval-social-security-medicare-funding">annually</a>. Some conservatives and <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/17/opinion/republican-debt-federal-budget.html">even prominent liberals</a> believe Republicans could use the threat of a government default to force Democrats’ hand in these areas, though, for now, Biden has <a href="https://www.wivb.com/hill-politics/biden-to-use-florida-trip-to-warn-of-gop-threat-to-social-security-and-medicare/">promised to veto</a> any cuts to the programs. Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/03/01/rick-scott-gets-his-dressing-down-mcconnell-right-after-he-walks-away/?itid=lk_inline_manual_25">has also so far rejected</a> these ideas, calling them nonstarters, but the debate is unlikely to die out.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Xw5SXo">
The Republican agenda for abortion rights also hasn’t been something they’ve sought to campaign on in the midterms but could become a top issue if they take control of Congress. The Commitment to America platform states merely that the Republican Party would “defend the unborn, fight for life,” but the RSC manifesto lists nearly two dozen anti-abortion bills the caucus supports codifying, including <a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/705#:~:text=Introduced%20in%20House%20(02%2F02%2F2021)&amp;text=This%20bill%20makes%20it%20a,fetus%20has%20a%20detectable%20heartbeat.">a bill</a> effectively prohibiting abortions after about six weeks, and <a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/1011#:~:text=This%20bill%20declares%20that%20the,an%20individual%20comes%20into%20being.">one that would provide</a> 14th Amendment protections to fetuses.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RIucvV">
Sen. Lindsey Graham (R-SC) introduced a bill in September <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/9/13/23351590/national-abortion-ban-bill-lindsey-graham-republican">banning abortion after 15 weeks</a>. In 202when he introduced a bill banning abortion after 20 weeks in 2021, <a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/61/cosponsors">45</a> Senate Republicans joined in support. While anti-abortion groups are pressing Republicans <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2022/10/18/anti-abortion-groups-gop-midterms-00062182">to go on the offensive</a>, it seems for now congressional Republicans are waiting to see how the issue plays out in the midterms.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Dsb7gu">
With two years ahead of the next presidential election, it’s likely GOP lawmakers will be keen to avoid giving Biden more big bipartisan wins, like they did in his first two years, compromising on issues like gun control, infrastructure, and competitiveness with China.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nxafTs">
Were Republicans able to retake the Senate, they would be able to vote down Biden’s judicial nominees (including any that come up on the Supreme Court), block them wholesale from consideration, and pressure the White House to pick what they perceive as more moderate options. Republican lawmakers have already signaled that they may not consider Biden’s nominees.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="k7Eqw5">
In April, <a href="https://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/news/2022/04/08/mcconnell-supreme-court-biden-democrats-republicans-senate">Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell wouldn’t commit</a> to giving a Supreme Court pick a hearing in 2023 if the Republicans retook their majority. It’s something he’s done before: During the Obama administration, McConnell notably blocked Supreme Court nominee Merrick Garland from ever getting a hearing by arguing that his nomination was in an election year.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hb7tq0">
<strong>What constraints would the party in power face? </strong>The House and Senate will ultimately be limited on what they can enact into law over the next two years, as Biden will remain in the White House with a veto pen he promises to use. The Senate will also lack a veto-proof conservative majority, even if Republicans win control of the chamber. But even if it’s unlikely that Republicans manage to pass very conservative bills into law, a Republican-controlled Congress will certainly be able to stymie Biden’s legislative agenda.
</p>
<h3 id="uWCccX">
Scenario 2: A divided Congress
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Locanq">
<strong>How likely is it? </strong>Congress could be divided two ways — with a Democratic Senate and Republican House, or the reverse, a Republican Senate and Democratic House. The latter is very unlikely; if Democrats perform well enough to hold onto the House, they’re unlikely to lose Senate control. The Senate is a toss-up while the House leans Republican, so the former certainly could happen.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Sxi7J3">
<strong>What’s at stake? </strong>In the case of a split Congress, the likelihood of more ambitious legislation passing is exceedingly slim. Instead, the two chambers are poised to focus on their own respective priorities, while facing clashes over must-pass bills like government funding and an increase to the debt ceiling.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UeMq0t">
As House Minority Leader <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/10/18/mccarthy-gop-medicare-social-security/">Kevin McCarthy has made clear</a>, House Republicans are prepared to hold any increase to the debt ceiling hostage in exchange for cuts to other programs like clean energy investments and Social Security. In that case, the House and Senate could face an interminable standoff that could put the United States on the verge of defaulting on its debt, a scenario that could have devastating consequences for the economy.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bdsGzU">
On the House side, meanwhile, a Republican lower chamber would be able to proceed with its many investigations even if the GOP doesn’t control the Senate. As would be the case if Republicans captured the majority in both chambers, they’d have free rein to hold investigations in the House on everything from Hunter Biden’s financial dealings to the Biden administration’s approach to border security, and they intend to use it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EL6nnR">
Investigations and impeachment votes can both proceed without the Senate’s approval or the White House’s signature. Some House members <a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/house/3620081-house-conservatives-prep-plans-to-impeach-biden/">have already said</a> they plan to push for the impeachment of President Biden, and have already introduced at least eight resolutions to do that.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NVTCuf">
Last week, the Atlantic’s Barton Gellman — who was <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2020/11/what-if-trump-refuses-concede/616424/">prescient in predicting</a> that Donald Trump would not admit defeat if he lost his reelection bid — <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2022/10/republicans-investigate-possible-impeachment-joe-biden/671859/">published a piece</a> detailing why he thinks a new House Republican majority would vote to impeach Biden within its first year, largely driven by mounting caucus pressure from election deniers who cast Biden as illegitimately elected.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1dhlzf">
House Republicans could also push for the impeachment of other high-ranking Biden administration officials, including US Attorney General <a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-resolution/743/text">Merrick Garland</a>, Homeland Security Secretary <a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-resolution/582">Alejandro Mayorkas</a>, and Vice President <a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-resolution/679">Kamala Harris</a>, and hold a series of House investigations next year if they take power, specifically <a href="https://twitter.com/kadiagoba/status/1567620373553856517">on areas like</a> Democrats’ handling of the southern border, the DOJ, inflation, and the energy crisis. Rep. James Comer (R-KY) is set to lead the House Oversight and Reform Committee <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2022/08/11/james-comer-biden-investigations-00050927">and told Politico</a> he also wants to spearhead investigations into the business dealings of Hunter Biden and the origins of Covid-19.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bLx0iJ">
“Part of our constitutional duty is oversight,” said Rep. Jim Jordan (R-OH), a founder of the Freedom Caucus, who’s expected to wield significant influence in a Republican majority, during the Conservative Political Action Conference earlier this year. “We need to know why the Biden administration has taken the intentional position of not having a border.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="32g4mO">
<strong>What constraints would the party in power face? </strong>With Senate control, Democrats could continue to advance more judges and executive branch nominees. The Senate, after all, retains the critical ability to approve judges for district courts, circuit courts, and the Supreme Court with a <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/12/9/20962980/trump-supreme-court-federal-judges">simple majority</a>. Filling these vacancies will be a crucial priority for Democrats if they’re able to hang onto the Senate, especially after Republicans spent much of the Trump administration attempting to stack the courts in their favor.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sYELDj">
“The main difference between a split Congress and one controlled by Republicans completely would be Biden’s ability to fill judicial and other vacancies,” says Kyle Kondik, managing editor of Sabato’s Crystal Ball at the University of Virginia.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vcOGRc">
Already, the Senate has confirmed judges at a rapid clip, approving Biden’s faster than any president at this point in their term <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2022/08/09/biden-has-appointed-more-federal-judges-than-any-president-since-jfk-at-this-point-in-his-tenure/">since President John F. Kennedy</a>. Biden’s nominees have also included a significant number of women, racial and ethnic minorities, and public defenders, all groups that Democrats could continue to prioritize for these roles if they hold the upper chamber. As of early October, there were still <a href="https://rollcall.com/2022/10/07/so-little-senate-floor-time-left-so-many-biden-judicial-nominees-in-limbo/">44 judicial nominees</a> pending in the Senate and additional vacancies that did not have nominees yet.
</p>
<h3 id="kJKz7Q">
Scenario 3: Democrats keep control of Congress
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7VKEq9">
<strong>How likely is it? </strong>This is the unlikeliest scenario of the three, according to <a href="https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/2022-election-forecast/house/">the polling</a> and <a href="https://centerforpolitics.org/crystalball/articles/the-house-gop-hits-218-in-ratings-as-battle-rages-across-big-playing-field/">election forecasters</a>. The president’s party historically loses ground in the midterm elections, and Democrats hold narrow majorities as it is. But with an unusual political climate — inflation is up, but unemployment is low, while the Supreme Court’s June abortion ruling has animated the Democratic base — they have at least an outside chance to defy one of the most consistent trends in US politics.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WCZRw7">
<strong>What’s at stake: </strong>Democrats would have two more years of complete control in Washington (outside of the Supreme Court). The legislative agenda is theirs to set. What do they want to do?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="t93rMu">
Based on interviews with current and former congressional staff, as well as lobbyists and progressive advocates, two items would almost surely be the subject of legislative debate and possible action: abortion rights and election integrity.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lBsbwS">
The consequences of the Supreme Court’s <a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/6/24/23181720/supreme-court-dobbs-jackson-womens-health-samuel-alito-roe-wade-abortion-marriage-contraception"><em>Dobbs</em> decision</a> and anti-democratic radicalism within the Republican Party have been the two of the most consistent themes in Democratic campaigns this cycle.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="P4ZOD6">
Both would likely require modifying the filibuster in the Senate, presuming (as we safely can) Democrats are still short of a 60-vote supermajority. That is where the difference between a 50-seat Democratic majority and a 52-seat one matters; Sens. Joe Manchin (D-WV) and Kyrsten Sinema (D-AZ) are resolutely opposed to weakening the filibuster, but incoming Democratic senators will have signaled an openness to it on the campaign trail.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ui9Gr9">
Some bills — the Women’s Health Protection Act on reproductive rights, the <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/9/13/23344990/electoral-count-reform-act">Electoral Count Reform Act</a> (if it doesn’t pass this Congress), and the John Lewis Voting Rights Act for election integrity — could serve as a starting point for those efforts, if the filibuster were no longer an obstacle. But they are only starting points and far from finished products, as earlier Senate Democratic disagreements <a href="https://www.vox.com/23195307/roe-wade-dobbs-abortion-congress-senate-fillibuster">about the WHPA</a> and <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/6/8/22521563/manchin-hr1-s1-for-the-people-act">voting rights</a> laid bare.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Q5nJ9G">
Democrats would also have a chance to pass budget reconciliation legislation without having to worry about the filibuster (though they would be limited in what they could do).
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kGnwOD">
“The good news is it’s highly unlikely the government is going to shut down and you can still pass a lot of stuff using the reconciliation process,” said Jim Manley, a longtime strategist for former Senate Democratic leader Harry Reid. “Nothing comes easy on Capitol Hill these days, but it helps your odds of getting something done besides continuing to fund the government.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pzLKDF">
The contours of any reconciliation bill would depend on the macroeconomic situation. Is inflation still at historic highs? Has the economy entered a recession and sent unemployment soaring? That would dictate, at least in part, how much Democrats might be willing to approve new spending or hike taxes to pay for their spending plans.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SswJnc">
The leftover pieces of Biden’s Build Back Better plan would likely be the starting point for any reconciliation bill that the next Congress might decide to pursue in 2023. Democrats passed climate provisions as well as fixes to the Affordable Care Act as part of the Inflation Reduction Act. But entire swaths of the BBB agenda focused on child care, pre-K, and long-term care for seniors and people with disabilities were cut out during the 18-month negotiations that were largely driven by Manchin and Sinema’s desires.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wqUeFP">
<strong>What constraints would the party in power face? </strong>The 2024 election looms, with either Joe Biden preparing to run for reelection (more likely if Democrats win a historic victory in the midterms) or a swarm of possible successors jockeying for a position from Capitol Hill. The Senate map in 2024 is <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2022/10/05/senate-dems-reelection-00060062">much less favorable to Democrats</a> than it was in 2022, which may make Senate leaders reluctant to put their most vulnerable members (in states like Montana, Arizona, and Wisconsin) through a messy legislative debate or force them to take difficult votes.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YnNbT3">
“If you’re just thinking of it from that perspective, with all those Democrats up for reelection, I question how much of an appetite there’s going to be for a progressive agenda,” Manley said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wy68ea">
It would also make a difference whether Democrats continue to cling to 50 seats in the Senate, leaving Manchin and Sinema (who are up for reelection themselves in 2024) with an effective veto pen over the legislative agenda. If they can expand their majority to, say, 52, that would give party leadership some wiggle room in deciding which policies to pursue.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0XN2SP">
Those would likely be difficult debates, on both the particulars of the policy and the prospect of changing the Senate’s rules for good. But progressives argue Democrats would have a mandate to act.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="s8S2GA">
A Democratic victory would reflect “overreach by the GOP in terms of extremism, plus Democrats competently governing in some difficult terrain,” said Mary Small, national advocacy director for Indivisible. “Codifying abortion rights has also been a galvanizing issue for voters.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LZDs34">
Still, progressives hope Democrats feel emboldened if they wake up one morning in November (or December, depending) and learn they are still in control of Congress. They will have passed two major bills (the American Rescue Plan and IRA), weathered soaring inflation, and still earned the trust of voters.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1wzpAH">
They will also try to learn from the mistakes of the past two years, where they feel a lengthy legislative debate reduced the urgency to get something done as the immediate concerns of voters and lawmakers transitioned from the economic recovery of early 2021 to the inflation crisis of 2022. They are hoping they can tell a more consistent story about how the policies that Democrats are proposing will materially improve voters’ lives.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="A23l4R">
“Doing nothing is not going to help us make the argument in 2024,” Small said. An unlikely victory in 2022, she said, would call for “repeating their work to call out the extremism of the GOP and to competently deliver on ways that improve people’s lives materially.”
</p></li>
<li><strong>The messy true story of the last time we beat inflation</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Former Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volcker pictured against a background of a red arrow made of $20 bills." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/aIxaxf1GwZj_aNN_yMHqmmb3SQY=/0x0:3767x2825/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71574045/GettyImages_1292713874_volcker.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Former Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volcker’s rate hikes sent the US economy into the worst recession since the Great Depression during the early 1980s — but it eventually recovered. | Bita Honarvar/Vox; Diana Walker/Getty Images; iStockphoto
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The usual narrative about the “Volcker shock” leaves a lot out — and policymakers risk learning the wrong lessons.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4cQPHN">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rnmhdx">
As inflation persists at multi-decade highs, the pressure is on the Federal Reserve, above all other economic policymaking institutions, to halt rising prices. The central bank is expected to raise rates again Wednesday for the sixth time since March.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5mtJdG">
Since the climax of the last major inflation crisis in the 1970s, independent central bank chiefs willing to administer proverbial harsh medicine — raising interest rates so high they potentially cause a recession — have reigned like near-deities over our economic lives.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="465F9B">
In this, Fed Chair Jerome Powell stands in the shadow of his most legendary predecessor, the late Paul Volcker. Inflation hawks want Powell to go “full Volcker”: follow the elder banker’s example from 1979 and raise interest rates high enough to choke off demand, even at the cost of a devastating recession.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hRoejK">
The <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2022/7/13/23188455/inflation-paul-volcker-shock-recession-1970s">Volcker shock</a> looms large in the mythology of central banking: the moment when neoliberal Zeus slew the old economic Titans standing in the way of progress. Volcker’s rate hikes sent the US economy into the worst recession since the Great Depression during the early 1980s, but it eventually recovered into what’s called the “<a href="https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/great-moderation">Great Moderation</a>”: a more than three-decade stretch when inflation seemed banished even as economic growth returned.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nCaFx6">
Powell’s Fed has raised interest rates throughout 2022, and looks like it wants to channel Volcker, at least in spirit. But this “great man” story of inflation-fighting that gives the credit for stable prices to technocratic central bankers fiddling with interest rates leaves out a good deal of context that explains not only why inflation cratered, but why it stayed down.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5iMJ8W">
Central bankers can engineer a sudden shortage of credit, but they can’t necessarily address knottier distributional questions, like whether workers should have the legal means to demand higher wages. Nor can they build the systems and infrastructure that increase productivity and access to cheap stuff, which are the product of decades of investment and coordination.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qFgQXJ">
In other words: The monetary tightening inaugurated by Volcker was one part of an entire deflationary policy repertoire that also included union-busting and the creation of a global supply chain to hold down the costs of labor, components, and commodities.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RD3ZVi">
Neither of those options outside the realm of monetary policy is really available right now. While wages have risen, unions aren’t the real force pushing up pay anymore. And the global supply chain that gave us cheap imports from anywhere in the world is part of the problem: It’s currently breaking down. The Fed might be able to choke off credit to slow investment and job creation, but it can’t create the real-world political, legal, and logistical systems that in the past have kept prices down even amid economic growth.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Hf7v8i">
To truly tame prices, we can’t just turn off the money hose. We have to plan for more concrete long-term solutions to a lack of labor, commodities, and goods.
</p>
<h3 id="711qKh">
How union-busting helped defeat inflation
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="A3OZHm">
The Fed has one main knob to turn to raise or lower the economy’s temperature: interest rates. When the Fed raises the cost of borrowing money from the central bank, the rest of the financial system that ultimately provides credit to businesses and households raises its rates in turn, reducing the amount of money available to open new businesses, finance big new projects, or buy homes. This is supposed to lead to fewer jobs, slimmer household budgets, and less confident workers making fewer demands of their bosses, slowing down spending and wage growth.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hBcRQr">
The relationship between inflation and employment is described in the famous 1958 economic theory known as the <a href="https://www.stlouisfed.org/open-vault/2020/january/what-is-phillips-curve-why-flattened">Phillips curve</a>, which states that inflation rises as unemployment falls.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3L6AE4">
The conundrum described by the Phillips curve — that more jobs mean higher prices — was at the heart of conversations about pre-Volcker inflation: It appeared that after the unprecedented boom of the 1950s and 1960s, when large numbers of American employees first achieved middle-class standards of living, we consumed more than could be efficiently produced and, for instance, became more reliant on imported oil.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UrJFE6">
As prices for gas to fill boat-sized cars soared, workers asked for raises, compelling their bosses to raise prices to pay those high wages, which put pressure on their customers to demand raises from their<em> </em>bosses in turn — what’s known as a wage-price spiral. All the while, supposedly feckless central bankers avoided sharp interest rate hikes that might have cut off demand, trying to please politicians riding high on the birth of mass affluence. No one had the nerve to stop the cycle.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1tMdYe">
In the heroic model of central banking, Volcker and his successors like Alan Greenspan stopped the vicious wage-price cycle not only by raising rates, but by establishing the central bank’s “credibility” that the institution was independent from elected officials. That is, investors, employers, and workers could now credibly expect the central bank to raise interest rates if the economy got too hot, and would temper their wage and price setting accordingly. When expectations about future inflation are grounded by the sense that the Fed will intervene before prices spiral out of control, economic actors are supposed to have confidence that their assets will retain value, so they’ll feel safe investing or hiring.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FPs905">
Confidence in central bank independence allowed for the “Great Moderation” of the late 1980s through the 2000s, where growth continued — albeit much more slowly than during the post-WWII years — and unemployment fell without sparking inflation.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="h6Pnjw">
It’s a very elegant schematic of balanced forces and rational actors. But it leaves out the messier side of the deflationary story of the late 20th century.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vg0XUL">
The wage-price spiral might have been broken in the 1980s by less savory means. As senior Fed economists David Ratner and Jae Sim wrote in a <a href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/feds/who-killed-the-phillips-curve-a-murder-mystery.htm">paper earlier this year,</a> the wage-taming owed a lot to nitty-gritty union busting and labor policy that makes it harder to organize and collectively bargain.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="M4AbrL">
In other words, they write, inflation may arise not from “too much money chasing too few goods,” as mainstream economists typically argue, but as a side effect of class conflict. Without strong unions, workers are less able to demand higher wages even as labor demand grows, flattening the Phillips curve. Ratner and Sim’s analysis found that loss of worker bargaining power reduced inflation volatility by 87 percent even without monetary interventions like interest rate hikes.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HaoOOa">
Volcker’s shock and central bank independence happened at the same time as Ronald Reagan’s anti-union effort; the emergence of New Democrats like Jimmy Carter and Bill Clinton, who were less sympathetic to organized labor than their New Deal and Great Society forebears; and the collapse of union membership across almost every sector of the economy except government. Volcker and his central banker colleagues were keenly aware of the importance of union power to increasing wages: The minutes of Fed meetings show that these <a href="https://escholarship.org/content/qt62h197fw/qt62h197fw_noSplash_5b15010b9e85dc94a813f045c5dee6c4.pdf">policymakers fixated on the ability of unions to set wages</a> even after many academic economists had moved on from the subject.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="D5WnzA">
Unions <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2022/8/30/23326654/2022-union-charts-elections-wins-strikes">may be notching some wins right now</a>, but the national unionization rate is <a href="https://www.bls.gov/news.release/union2.nr0.htm">half what it was in 1983</a>, when the Bureau of Labor Statistics started tracking the metric. Today, rather than pushing for higher wages, unions may in fact be <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/with-inflation-high-unions-suppress-wages-collective-bargaining-contracts-starbucks-delta-nonunionized-workers-labor-law-negotiations-11659888541">suppressing</a><em> </em>them: By negotiating long-term contracts, they lock in pay for their members for years at a time, regardless of what happens to price levels. Pay increases are instead driven by a wave of retirements that were likely inevitable at some point in the near future, new labor market opportunities created by remote work, and <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2022/07/28/majority-of-u-s-workers-changing-jobs-are-seeing-real-wage-gains/">a massive number of quits</a> in difficult, typically lo- paying jobs in health care, retail, and food service. And for all the labor market chaos, <a href="https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2022/10/05/wage-price-spiral-risks-appear-contained-despite-high-inflation">wages haven’t driven inflation</a>, instead <a href="https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2022/10/05/wage-price-spiral-risks-appear-contained-despite-high-inflation">lagging behind the cost of living</a>. So it doesn’t appear the calls for Powell to go full Volcker would actually solve current causes of rising prices. If we want growth without inflation, we have to find new sources of labor, energy, and stuff.
</p>
<h3 id="dqRu1W">
The supply chain frontier has closed
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xrUaR4">
Just as Volcker’s rate hikes coincided with a bipartisan anti-union push, so the rise of central banks paralleled the acceleration of globalization and the creation of a world-spanning super-efficient “just in time” supply chain. New logistics infrastructure, trade deals, and methods of inventory management allowed firms to get cheap commodities and components from the other side of the world astonishingly quickly. Globalization also reinforced the attack on unions, since it allowed businesses to move factories to countries with weaker labor laws, humbling labor leaders of industrialized economies. After the 1980s, and especially after the fall of the Soviet Union, markets began to integrate many formerly communist countries with large, well-educated — but poorly paid — workforces and ample natural resources. The creation of global supply chains depended in large part on a relatively calm geopolitical scene, with no serious confrontations between “great powers,” who generally seemed to be on the same page regarding globalization.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TQIy9Z">
The globalized world of fast free trade was supposed to take the sting out of the demise of labor’s bargaining power. Sure, workers couldn’t improve their working conditions or pay. But if the stuff their wages bought got cheaper, economists reasoned, they would have less need to demand higher pay in the first place. <a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2236208">As some post-Keynesian economists have argued</a>, inflation moderated when globalization increased imports and labor competition, not because investors had “anchored expectations” about central bank policy.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NjIszv">
It’s this model of globalization that is currently breaking down, leading to volatile rising prices. As anyone who has ordered a piece of furniture in the last two years can tell you, “just in time” has become a thing of the past. Instead of speedy manufacturing getting imported from any nation on earth, now we import their supply chain bottlenecks, as, say, plumbing component manufacturers in China hamstrung by that country’s “zero-Covid” policy hold up house completions in the United States.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lWt5Bq">
While supply chain bottlenecks were widely predicted to ease in 2022, geopolitics got in the way. The Russian invasion of Ukraine and subsequent economic retaliation rocked global energy supplies, a particularly troubling economic disruption since energy is a vital component of nearly every product, and further poisoned relations between wealthy Western countries and Russia’s key ally, China, where so much of the stuff Americans buy is made. Instead of getting more cheap electronics from China, the world’s second-largest economy, the US is sanctioning <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/13/us/politics/biden-china-technology-semiconductors.html">the chip industry there</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3fbLOQ">
If the Federal Reserve is largely removed from the internal dynamics of the labor market, it has even less to do with foreign policy and geo-strategic maneuvering.
</p>
<h3 id="OWE9el">
Policymakers risk fighting the last war
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="X7rwGO">
The Federal Reserve is several months into its most aggressive rate-hiking cycle since Volcker’s famous shock, and inflation has not subsided. Even as higher rates <a href="https://www.npr.org/2022/09/21/1124272098/home-prices-see-biggest-drop-in-9-years-thanks-to-higher-mortgage-rates">choked off home sales</a> and <a href="https://blog.dol.gov/2022/10/07/september-2022-jobs-report-strong-and-steady#:~:text=Today%2C%20the%20Bureau%20of%20Labor,%2Dyear%20low%20of%203.5%25.">slowed job growth</a>, September saw <a href="https://www.bls.gov/news.release/cpi.nr0.htm">annualized inflation of 8.2 percent</a>. The Fed’s higher rates seem to be imposing the expected economic pain, but with little deflationary pay-off.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8iO02B">
Instead, what little relief Americans have enjoyed has come from unconventional direct interventions in the real economy, like the Biden administration’s release of oil from America’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve during the spring and summer. A July <a href="https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0887">Treasury analysis</a> suggested the SPR release, with similar international actions, lowered gas prices by 17 to 24 cents per gallon.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EQu7Ev">
It seems that the lessons of the Volcker era do not necessarily apply to 2022. Though our own era is dominated by rising prices and highly politicized conflicts over energy, just like the 1970s, the particulars of our current inflationary dynamics appear quite different. So it’s natural to wonder if the same policy tools will necessarily work to slow rising prices.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TxQv4L">
We don’t want policymakers to make the mistake of fighting the last war. If we leave inflation up to the central bankers rather than continuing the push for coordinated investments in <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/8/16/23306588/biden-inflation-reduction-act-climate-pollution-energy">cost-saving renewable energy</a> and <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/21401460/housing-economy-coronavirus-great-rebuild">dense housing</a>, or policies that reverse the <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/9/27/23356278/the-pandemic-child-care-inflation-crisis">shrinkage of the labor supply</a> since the pandemic, we won’t so much beat inflation as resign ourselves to a poorer, less-resilient future.
</p></li>
<li><strong>January 6 isn’t a priority for voters — even where you’d most expect it</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/HBaOQqBuuqzMPkK58u-6Xua3m9g=/366x0:3833x2600/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71573982/GettyImages_1242041680a.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Rep. Elaine Luria, incumbent Democrat from Virginia, speaks during a hearing of the Select Committee to Investigate the January 6 Attack on the US Capitol in Washington, DC, on July 21. | Al Drago/Bloomberg via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Elaine Luria has dedicated herself to investigating January 6. Her voters don’t care.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bPdl9o">
In the first major federal elections after the January 6, 2021, attack on the Capitol, the concerted effort by Donald Trump and his allies to overturn the results of the 2020 election seems to be having little impact on voters. Instead, they find a sagging economy and rising crime to be far more relevant than more abstract concerns about democracy, and appear likely to hand Republicans control of the House of Representatives.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Q5RxXy">
That’s even the case here in Virginia’s heavily military Second Congressional District, where one might think voters would feel even more protective about democracy than those in other parts of the country, and where the economy is relatively insulated from some of the pain of inflation and a potential recession. Defense spending remains constant regardless of the price of gas or the stock market, and the fact that many voters can buy through the federal commissary system means that rising prices take less of a bite out of pocketbooks than they do elsewhere.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rjyKZu">
That insulation isn’t protecting the district’s two-term incumbent, Democrat Elaine Luria, from an uphill reelection fight. Luria is <a href="https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/04/elaine-luria-on-the-january-6-committees-plans.html">on the January 6 committee</a> and has played a visible role in the <a href="https://www.vox.com/23268754/january-6-committee-trump-liz-cheney">nationally televised hearings</a> about the attack on the Capitol.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3uGg7B">
In many ways, the race is playing out like most other competitive races this cycle. Luria has run ads touting her accomplishments in Congress and emphasizing abortion in the aftermath of the <em>Dobbs </em>decision while her opponent, state Sen. Jen Kiggans, focuses on the economic struggles and ties Luria to Nancy Pelosi as a party-line Democrat. However, the attack on the Capitol plays more of a role in this race than it does in others because of a combination of Luria’s service on the committee and the hope that the issue might resonate more with voters with ties to the military.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jNM86L">
It isn’t resonating enough to overcome all the factors cutting against Luria, including the electorate’s displeasure with Democrats’ control of government and a district that was redrawn to lean more Republican. A <a href="https://cnu.edu/wasoncenter/surveys/archive/2022-10-21.html">recent poll in the district</a> had Luria tied 45-45 with Kiggans, not an ideal place for an incumbent only weeks before Election Day.
</p>
<h3 id="Y4PS9Y">
Luria’s priorities are running up against voters’
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="grdeo3">
Luria, who spent 20 years serving in the Navy, retiring as a commander, gives off the precise air of the nuclear engineer she is, and no one would ever mistake her for a backslapping politician. Luria is a diligent and methodical speaker in public, talking about the military in acronyms in debates and rhapsodizing about her enjoyment of the “technical aspect” of learning languages in response to a question at a local meeting of the Junior League.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IRGQDd">
“How do you decline a noun? How do you conjugate a verb? How does it all fit together? What order do they go in a sentence? So I think it was probably sort of like part of my very methodical thought process,” she told a crowd of about 30 in Virginia Beach, over plates of chicken and glasses of white wine.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dgZTHi">
The challenges facing American democracy were not as easily soluble in her view. Speaking to Vox after the dinner, Luria said two things kept her up at night: the threats posed to the United States from within and without. “If we can’t preserve our democracy, and we can’t stand up to China, nothing else matters,” she said. The threat from China, though, was not an issue in the race; the threat to American democracy was.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="opskY6">
Speaking to Vox, Luria expressed her disappointment that Republicans were not dealing with the gravity of the attack on the Capitol and directed her ire specifically at her opponent, state Sen. Kiggans. “She won’t say Biden was legitimately elected president, even though she’ll dance around it. ‘He really lives in the White House. I wish he didn’t. He is the president. He’s ruining the economy,’ and all these petty and flippant remarks that don’t have the seriousness or gravity of someone who is trying to take that responsibility of writing and upholding the laws of the country. There is a spectrum, some folks are a lot more vocally spewing conspiracy theories and other things, but she certainly in my mind has refused to acknowledge the facts.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4JcfO8">
When asked if she thinks Kiggans knows what she is saying is wrong, Luria responded, “That’s the part that bothers me about it the most. I absolutely think that she doesn’t believe what she said, as a person. She doesn’t believe that but she feels she has to say it.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="d9dFZr">
Kiggans is no <a href="https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2021/03/no-one-likes-marjorie-taylor-greene-but-can-they-stop-her.html">Marjorie Taylor Greene</a>. First elected in 2019, she is a mother of four with a gold-plated political resume. After serving 10 years as a Navy helicopter pilot, she became a geriatric nurse. While she isn’t a bomb thrower, the Republican hopeful is also not a polished communicator and has been particularly press-shy during her congressional campaign. Her campaign did not respond to repeated phone calls, text messages, and voicemails.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="beNPZR">
At a public appearance with Virginia Gov. Glenn Youngkin, she took two quick questions from a <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Electable-America-Hasnt-Woman-White/dp/0063058634">national television reporter</a> before running off. When asked about January 6, Kiggans said, “Of all the doors we’ve knocked, we never hear any complaints about January 6. Economy, economy, economy.” In response to a follow-up, the Republican candidate responded, “Joe Biden’s the president. He’s destroying the country. We say it every time. Said it just a couple days ago in the debate.” Her responses were indeed almost identical to what she had said in a debate earlier that week.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ijwd6H">
In conversations with voters at an early-voting location in Virginia Beach, the economy weighed far more heavily than the attack on the Capitol. While jets from a nearby Naval Air Station roared overhead, those coming and going from casting their ballots didn’t view January 6 as a factor. Mike Malbon told Vox that he had voted for Kiggans. Although he had never voted for Luria, he described himself as a swing voter who had voted for Trump, Obama, and George W. Bush. Malbon said his vote was based on the fact that he was “just not really happy with what the Democrats were doing.” When asked if he’d thought about January 6 while voting, Malbon said, “I’ve thought about it for sure. I probably would never vote for Trump again, I would have otherwise.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vHEJIk">
Melinda Salmons, who said she was voting for Kiggans because she thought Luria was in Nancy Pelosi’s pocket, echoed this. When asked about Trump, she told Vox, “Donald Trump doesn’t affect me one way or another. The man is not running. I’m like a lot of people, I like what my pocketbook says. I do not like what he says.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7616gP">
One person at the polling place freely brought up past election issues. Pilar Eteke, who said she was an observer for the Republican Party, told Vox about how “globalists” have been “rigging elections for at least 20 years on behalf of both parties.” It was her first election cycle working as a poll observer, and Eteke, who raved about an <a href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/wxdpwz/ohio-terpsehore-maras-qanon-time-traveler">Ohio-based QAnon influencer</a>, expressed broad concerns about how poll workers at the early-voting site were doing their jobs.
</p>
<h3 id="nnEBkT">
“See how you feel when we’ve lost our democracy”
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mMnKBa">
Luria acknowledged that voters were struggling with high inflation. “I’m very sensitive to the fact that it is a difficult time economically for people right now, gas prices, consumer prices, you know, paying more than you’re accustomed to at the grocery store.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jxT99L">
The poll that had Luria tied with Kiggans <a href="https://cnu.edu/wasoncenter/surveys/archive/2022-10-21.html">also showed</a> that 39 percent of voters in the southeast Virginia congressional district had the economy as their top issue. Only 14 percent ranked threats to democracy as their top issue, which lagged behind abortion as well as the economy. This was reflected nationally: In a <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/10/17/upshot/times-siena-poll-likely-voters-crosstabs.html">recent national poll conducted by the New York Times and Siena College</a>, only 8 percent of voters thought “the state of democracy” was the most important issue facing the country, lagging far behind the 44 percent who picked either the economy or inflation. Further, a Republican operative familiar with the race noted to Vox that January 6 just wasn’t an issue that seemed to be moving voters at all in polling.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="U7k0JX">
But Luria pushed back pointedly when asked about the fact that voters were not terribly concerned about the state of American democracy. “I’m just tired of answering this question,” she said. “It should be front of mind for everyone. Just wake up on January 20, 2025, and see how you feel when we’ve lost our democracy.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mRVTZ1">
And she wasn’t shying away from the topic on paid media; she made it the focus of <a href="https://twitter.com/ElaineLuriaVA/status/1587062123410104322">her closing television ad</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DMc8v7">
After redistricting made the district less friendly to her and national trends looked ugly, Luria was confident in the decisions she made. “If it’s not popular with voters and I don’t win reelection, I’ll be able to sleep at night because I know I did the right thing … in the long run, I think I’m on the right side of it, and the economy will recover. Democracy may not.”
</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Women’s weightlifting tournament | Gold for Ann Mariya</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Table Tennis | Avisha and Krisha bag gold medals</strong> - Sports Bureau</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Aracana and Coeur De Lion impress</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Maketa named interim head coach of South Africa cricket team</strong> - Malibongwe Maketa has been named interim head coach of the South Africa cricket team for a three-test tour of Australia starting next month</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Virat Kohli becomes top run-scorer in T20 World Cup history</strong> - Kohli scored a fifty in the match between India and Bangladesh at the 2022 T20 World Cup. He crossed Mahela Jayawardene's record of 1,016 runs</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Woman Maoist carrying ₹4 lakh bounty surrenders before Nellore police in Andhra Pradesh</strong> - Around 10 cases were pending against Sri Ramoju Rajeswari hailing from Tadikonda in Guntur district, say police</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Andhra Pradesh government, farmers wait with bated breath for outcome of apex court hearing on SLP on three capitals</strong> - While the State government contends that the High Court has no powers to adjudicate on its legislative competence, the farmers argue that the government cannot renege on its commitment to develop Amaravati as the sole capital</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Kannada film Kantara song plagiarism row: Interview with Littil Swayamp, director of ‘Navarasam’ music video by Kerala band Thaikkudam Bridge</strong> - Thaikkudam Bridge has gone to court saying ‘Navarasam’ and Kantara’s ‘Varaha Roopam’ sound similar</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Country’s agro-waste to be converted to ethanol, says expert</strong> - NIE hosts international conclave on clean fuels</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cabinet approves ₹51,875 crore subsidy for phosphatic and potassic fertilizers for rabi season</strong> - The Centre had in April approved a subsidy of ₹60,939.23 crore for P&amp;K fertilizers for first six months (kharif season) of current fiscal year</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Russian U-turn allows grain deal to resume</strong> - Moscow halted its support, accusing Ukraine of using the Black Sea route to attack Russia’s fleet.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Kyiv water supply restored but blackouts remain</strong> - Parts of Kyiv fall dark, despite power and water being restored after Russian attacks on Monday.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Denmark election: Centre-left bloc comes out on top</strong> - Despite success, PM Mette Frederiksen tendered her government’s resignation and is seeking to form a new one.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Russia’s uncertain future a product of its past</strong> - Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is making its future uncertain - but so too is its authoritarian past.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Italy’s right-wing government to criminalise raves</strong> - An unlicensed rave is shut down in Modena and hours later a new law proposes jail for organisers.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Video games invade the art world in MoMA’s Never Alone exhibition</strong> - Are games art? Who cares. Exhibit is more interested in how they bring us together. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1891639">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>High-speed video captures how cannibalistic mosquito larvae snag their prey</strong> - Two species launch their heads like a harpoon; a third relies on tail sweeps. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1889441">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>YouTube’s new Primetime Channels puts 34 streaming services in one place</strong> - You can subscribe to and watch streaming services, like Showtime, on YouTube. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1894358">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Meta’s AI-powered audio codec promises 10x compression over MP3</strong> - Technique could allow high-quality calls and music on low-quality connections. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1894059">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The close-up view of two Falcon rockets landing is as majestic as you think</strong> - This was the first time SpaceX invited photographers to set Florida landing zone remotes. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1894361">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>A kid dressed all in red rang my doorbell and said, “Trick or Treat!” I said to him, “dude Halloween was yesterday.”</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He replied “I know. I’m a period, I’m sorry I’m late.”
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Bloody twat earned all of my leftover candy.
</p>
</div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/CivilizedPsycho"> /u/CivilizedPsycho </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/yjlop0/a_kid_dressed_all_in_red_rang_my_doorbell_and/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/yjlop0/a_kid_dressed_all_in_red_rang_my_doorbell_and/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>A racist, an anti-semite and a black man walk into a bar</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Hey Kanye!”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/awall621"> /u/awall621 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/yjdrez/a_racist_an_antisemite_and_a_black_man_walk_into/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/yjdrez/a_racist_an_antisemite_and_a_black_man_walk_into/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>I just found out that Jehovah’s Witnesses don’t celebrate Halloween.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
I guess they don’t like random strangers showing up at their door.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/JoeWilliams2501"> /u/JoeWilliams2501 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/yjkbrf/i_just_found_out_that_jehovahs_witnesses_dont/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/yjkbrf/i_just_found_out_that_jehovahs_witnesses_dont/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>I just found my wife has a Tinder profile and I’m furious.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
She is absolutely not “adventurous”, and “fun to be around”!
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Edit: Note to some of y’all: This is a JOKE! My marriage is just fine…
</p>
</div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/RibaldPancake"> /u/RibaldPancake </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/yj5go5/i_just_found_my_wife_has_a_tinder_profile_and_im/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/yj5go5/i_just_found_my_wife_has_a_tinder_profile_and_im/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>A Blonde calls her boyfriend and says,</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Please come over here and help me. I have a killer jigsaw puzzle, and I can’t figure out how to get started.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Her boyfriend asks, “What is it supposed to be when it’s finished?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The blonde says, “According to the picture on the box, it’s a rooster.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Her boyfriend decides to go over and help with the puzzle. She lets him in and shows him where she has the puzzle spread all over the table. He studies the pieces for a moment, then looks at the box, then turns to her and says,
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“First of all, no matter what we do, we’re not going to be able to assemble these pieces into anything resembling a rooster.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He then takes her hand and says, “Secondly, I want you to relax. Let’s have a nice cup of tea, and then….. he said with a deep sigh” …………
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
"Let’s put all these Corn Flakes back in the box
</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Kvothestarkiller"> /u/Kvothestarkiller </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/yjwowa/a_blonde_calls_her_boyfriend_and_says/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/yjwowa/a_blonde_calls_her_boyfriend_and_says/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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