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<title>06 December, 2022</title>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>A social network analysis approach to studying whole system disruption related to COVID19 among people who use drugs in Scotland</strong> -
<div>
Background and aims: to assess the extent of disruption to service and social interactions among people with lived or living experience of substance use in Scotland, and explore potential reasons for variations in disruption Design: Cross sectional mixed methods interview, incorporating a social network ‘egonet interview’ approach asking about whether participants had interactions with a range of substance use, health, social care or third sector organisations, or informal social interactions. Setting: Five Alcohol and Drug Partnership Areas in Scotland. Participants: 57 (42% women) participants were involved in the study, on average 42 years old. Measurements: Five-point Likert scale reporting whether interactions with a range of services and people had gotten much better, better, no different (or no change), worse, or much worse since COVID19 and lockdown. Ratings were nested within participants (Individuals provided multiple ratings) and some ratings were also nested within treatment service (services received multiple ratings). The nested structure was accounted for using cross classified ordinal logistic multilevel models. Findings: While the overall average suggested only a slight negative change in interactions (mean rating 2.93), there were substantial variations according to type of interaction, and between individuals. Reported change was more often negative for mental health services (Adjusted OR = -0.80 95% CI -1.51, -0.07), and positive for pharmacies (1.29 95% CI 0.67, 1.93). The models found between-participant variation of around 10%, and negligible between-service variation of around 1% in ratings. Ratings didn’t vary by individual age or gender but there was variation between areas. Conclusions: Service adaptations due to COVID19 lockdown led to both positive and negative service user experiences. Social network methods provide an effective way to describe complex system-wide interaction patterns, and to measure variations at the individual, service, and area.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/25scv/" target="_blank">A social network analysis approach to studying whole system disruption related to COVID19 among people who use drugs in Scotland</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Healthcare in England was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic across the pancreatic cancer pathway: a cohort study using OpenSAFELY-TPP</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background Healthcare across all sectors, in the UK and globally, was negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quantity of healthcare services delivered to people with pancreatic cancer. Methods With the approval of NHS England, and drawing from a nationally representative OpenSAFELY-TPP dataset of 24 million patients (over 40% of the English population), we undertook a cohort study of people diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. We queried electronic healthcare records for information on the provision of healthcare services across the pancreatic cancer pathway. To estimate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, we predicted the rates of healthcare services if the pandemic had not happened. We used generalised linear models (GLM) and the pre-pandemic data from January 2015 to February 2020 to predict rates in March 2020 to September 2022. The 95% confidence intervals of the predicted values were used to estimate the significance of the difference between the predicted and observed rates. Results The rate of pancreatic cancer and diabetes diagnoses in the cohort was not affected by the pandemic. There were 24,500 people diagnosed with pancreatic cancer from January 2015 to September 2022. The mean age at diagnosis was 72 (SD 11), 48% of people were female, 95% were of White ethnicity and 39% were diagnosed with diabetes. We found a reduction in surgical resections by nearly 25% during the pandemic. In addition, 20%, 10% and 5% fewer people received BMI, HbA1c and liver function tests respectively before they were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. There was no impact of the pandemic on the number of people making contact with primary care, but the number of contacts increased on average by 1 to 2 per person amongst those who made contact. Abdominal scans decreased by 7% and reporting of jaundice decreased by 20%, but recovered within six months into the pandemic. Emergency department visits, hospital admissions and deaths were not affected. Conclusions The pandemic affected healthcare in England across the pancreatic cancer pathway. Positive lessons could be learnt from services that recovered quickly. The reductions in healthcare experienced by people with cancer have the potential to lead to worse outcomes. Current efforts should focus on addressing the unmet needs of people with cancer.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.02.22283026v1" target="_blank">Healthcare in England was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic across the pancreatic cancer pathway: a cohort study using OpenSAFELY-TPP</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Discovering Social Determinants of Health from Case Reports using Natural Language Processing: Algorithmic Development and Validation</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: Social determinants of health are non-medical factors that influence health outcomes (SDOH). There is a wealth of SDOH information available via electronic health records, clinical reports, and social media, usually in free texts format, which poses a significant challenge and necessitates the use of natural language processing (NLP) techniques to extract key information. Objective: The objective of this research is to advance the automatic extraction of SDOH from clinical texts. Setting and Data: The case reports of COVID-19 patients from the published literature are curated to create a corpus. A portion of the data is annotated by experts to create gold labels, and active learning is used for corpus re-annotation. Methods: A named entity recognition (NER) framework is developed and tested to extract SDOH along with a few prominent clinical entities (diseases, treatments, diagnosis) from the free texts. The proposed model consists of three deep neural networks-A Transformer-based model, a BiLSTM model and a CRF module. Results: The proposed NER implementation achieves an accuracy (F1-score) of 92.98% on our test set and generalizes well on benchmark data. A careful analysis of case examples demonstrates the superiority of the proposed approach in correctly classifying the named entities. Conclusions: NLP can be used to extract key information, such as SDOH from free texts. A more accurate understanding of SDOH is needed to further improve healthcare outcomes.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.30.22282946v1" target="_blank">Discovering Social Determinants of Health from Case Reports using Natural Language Processing: Algorithmic Development and Validation</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Cyclic lipopeptides as membrane fusion inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2: new tricks for old dogs</strong> -
<div>
With the resurgence of the coronavirus pandemic, the repositioning of FDA-approved drugs against coronovirus and finding alternative strategies for antiviral therapy are both important. We previously identified the viral lipid envelope as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection with plant alkaloids. Here, we investigated the effects of eleven cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs), including well-known antifungal and antibacterial compounds, on the liposome fusion triggered by calcium, polyethylene glycol 8000, and a fragment of SARS-CoV-2 fusion peptide (816-827) by calcein release assays. Differential scanning microcalorimetry of the gel-to-liquid-crystalline and lamellar-to-inverted hexagonal phase transitions and confocal fluorescence microscopy demonstrated the relation of the fusion inhibitory effects of CLPs to alterations in lipid packing, membrane curvature stress and domain organization. The effects of the compounds were evaluated in an in vitro Vero-based cell model, and aculeacin A, anidulafugin, iturin A, and mycosubtilin attenuated the cytopathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 without specific toxicity.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.05.519140v1" target="_blank">Cyclic lipopeptides as membrane fusion inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2: new tricks for old dogs</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>High resolution cryo-EM structures of two potently SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies of same donor origin that vary in neutralizing Omicron variants</strong> -
<div>
While vaccines have by large been found to effective against the evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants, the profound and rapid effectivity of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in significantly reducing hospitalization to severe disease outcomes have also been demonstrated. In the present study, by high resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we examined the structural insights of two trimeric spike (S) protein bound mAbs isolated from an Indian convalescent individual infected with ancestral SARS-CoV-2 which we recently reported to potently neutralize SARS-CoV-2 from its ancestral form through highly virulent Delta form however different in their ability to neutralize Omicron variants. Our findings showed binding and conformational heterogeneities of both the mAbs (THSC20.HVTR04 and THSC20.HVTR26) bound to S trimer in its apo and hACE-2 bound forms. Additionally, cryo-EM resolved structure assisted modeling highlighted key residues associated with the ability of these two mAbs to neutralize Omicron variants. Our findings highlighted key interacting features modulating antigen-antibody interacting that can further aid in structure guided antibody engineering to enhance their breadth and potency.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.03.518949v1" target="_blank">High resolution cryo-EM structures of two potently SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies of same donor origin that vary in neutralizing Omicron variants</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Covidscope: An atlas-scale COVID-19 resource for single-cell meta analysis at sample and cell levels</strong> -
<div>
Recent advancements in the use of single-cell technologies in large cohort studies enable the investigation of cellular response and mechanisms associated with disease outcome, including COVID-19. Several efforts have been made using single-cell RNA-sequencing to better understand the immune response to COVID-19 virus infection. Nonetheless, it is often difficult to compare or integrate data from multiple data sets due to challenges in data normalisation, metadata harmonisation, and having a common interface to quickly query and access this vast amount of data. Here we present Covidscope (http://covidsc.d24h.hk/), a well-curated open web resource that currently contains single-cell gene expression data and associated metadata of almost 5 million blood and immune cells extracted from almost 1,000 COVID-19 patients across 20 studies around the world. Our collection contains the integrated data with harmonised metadata and multi-level cell type annotations. By combining NoSQL and optimised index, our Covidscope achieves rapid subsetting of high-dimensional gene expression data based on both data set level, donor-level (e.g., age and sex of patients) and cell-level (e.g., expression of specific gene markers) metadata, enabling multiple efficient downstream single-cell meta-analysis.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.03.518997v1" target="_blank">Covidscope: An atlas-scale COVID-19 resource for single-cell meta analysis at sample and cell levels</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Cryo-EM structure of SARS-CoV-2 postfusion spike in membrane</strong> -
<div>
Entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) into host cells depends on refolding of the virus-encoded spike protein from a prefusion conformation, metastable after cleavage, to a lower energy, stable postfusion conformation. This transition overcomes kinetic barriers for fusion of viral and target cell membranes. We report here a cryo-EM structure of the intact postfusion spike in a lipid bilayer that represents single-membrane product of the fusion reaction. The structure provides structural definition of the functionally critical membrane-interacting segments, including the fusion peptide and transmembrane anchor. The internal fusion peptide forms a hairpin-like wedge that spans almost the entire lipid bilayer and the transmembrane segment wraps around the fusion peptide at the last stage of membrane fusion. These results advance our understanding of the spike protein in a membrane environment and may guide development of intervention strategies.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.05.519151v1" target="_blank">Cryo-EM structure of SARS-CoV-2 postfusion spike in membrane</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>How is the COVID-19 pandemic affecting cooperation?</strong> -
<div>
Do crises bring people together or pull them apart? Here we examine how people’s willingness to help others and their perceived interdependence with others changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, and assess what factors are associated with any change. We collected data at 4 time points from the same cohort of 497 paid participants, starting on March 6th, before the pandemic was declared, through April 2. We found that perceived interdependence with neighbors and with humanity increased over time on multiple measures. However, regarding cooperation, agreement with the statement that helping someone in need “is the right thing to do” decreased over time (towards both a neighbor and a citizen of another country). Although the changes per time period were small for some of these effects, cumulatively they were non-trivial (ranging from a .33 to a .75 change on a 7 point likert scale). There was no change over time in participants’ reported willingness to help somebody in their neighborhood (cooperation) or their feelings that when “All of humanity succeeds” they feel good (interdependence). We found reliable associations of change in cooperation and interdependence with sex, age, and pre-existing medical condition. We are collecting data on an ongoing basis which will allow us to investigate how these variables continue to change or not as the pandemic unfolds.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/pk6jy/" target="_blank">How is the COVID-19 pandemic affecting cooperation?</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Deep mutational scanning to predict antibody escape in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants</strong> -
<div>
The major concern of COVID-19 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies is the loss of efficacy to continuously emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. To predict the antibodies efficacy to the future Omicron subvariants, we conducted deep mutational scanning (DMS) encompassing all single mutations in the receptor binding domain of BA.2 strain. In case of bebtelovimab that preserves neutralization activity against BA.2 and BA.5, broad range of amino acid substitutions at K444, V445 and G446 and some substitutions at P499 and T500 were indicated to achieve the antibody escape. Among currently increasing subvariants, BA2.75 carrying G446S partly and XBB with V445P and BQ.1 with K444T completely evade the neutralization of bebtelovimab, consistent with the DMS results. DMS can comprehensively characterize the antibody escape for efficient and effective management of future variants.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.02.518937v1" target="_blank">Deep mutational scanning to predict antibody escape in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Enhanced Protection from SARS-CoV-2 Variants by MVA-Based Vaccines Expressing Matched or Mismatched S Proteins Administered Intranasally to hACE2 Mice</strong> -
<div>
The continuous evolution of SARS-CoV-2 strains is contributing to the prolongation of the global pandemic. We previously reported the prevention or more rapid clearance of SARS-CoV-2 from the nasal turbinates and lungs of susceptible K18-hACE2 mice that had been vaccinated intranasally (IN) rather than intramuscularly (IM) with a recombinant MVA (rMVA) expressing a modified S protein of the ancestor SARS-CoV-2 strain. Here, we constructed additional rMVAs and pseudoviruses expressing modified S protein of SARS-CoV-2 variants and compared the ability of vaccines with S proteins that were matched or mismatched to neutralize variants, bind to S proteins and protect K18-hACE2 mice against SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Although vaccines with matched S proteins induced higher neutralizing antibodies, vaccines with mismatched S proteins still protected against severe disease and reduced virus and mRNAs in the lungs and nasal turbinates, though not as well as vaccines with matched S proteins. In mice earlier primed and boosted with rMVA expressing ancestral S, antibodies to the latter increased after one immunization with rMVA expressing Omicron S, but neutralizing antibody to Omicron required a second immunization. Passive transfer of Wuhan immune serum with Omicron S binding but undetectable neutralizing activities reduced infection of the lungs by the variant. Notably, the reduction in infection of the nasal turbinates and lungs was significantly greater when the rMVAs were administered IN rather than IM and this held true for vaccines that were matched or mismatched to the challenge SARS-CoV-2.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.03.518963v1" target="_blank">Enhanced Protection from SARS-CoV-2 Variants by MVA-Based Vaccines Expressing Matched or Mismatched S Proteins Administered Intranasally to hACE2 Mice</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Convergent evolution in SARS-CoV-2 Spike creates a variant soup that causes new COVID-19 waves.</strong> -
<div>
The first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic were mainly characterized by convergent evolution of mutations of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein at residues K417, L452, E484, N501 and P681 across different variants of concern (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta). Since Spring 2022 and the third year of the pandemic, with the advent of Omicron and its sublineages, convergent evolution has led to the observation of different lineages acquiring an additional group of mutations at different amino acid residues, namely R346, K444, N450, N460, F486, F490, Q493, and S494. Mutations at these residues have become increasingly prevalent during Summer and Autumn 2022, with combinations showing increased fitness. The most likely reason for this convergence is the selective pressure exerted by previous infection- or vaccine-elicited immunity. Such accelerated evolution has caused failure of all anti-Spike monoclonal antibodies, including bebtelovimab and cilgavimab. While we are learning how fast coronaviruses can mutate and recombine, we should reconsider opportunities for economically sustainable escape-proof combination therapies, and reevaluate the potential for polyclonal therapies (such as COVID19 convalescent plasma) in immunocompromised patients.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.05.518843v1" target="_blank">Convergent evolution in SARS-CoV-2 Spike creates a variant soup that causes new COVID-19 waves.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Convergent evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants leading to the emergence of BQ.1.1 variant</strong> -
<div>
In late 2022, although the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants have highly diversified, some lineages have convergently acquired amino acid substitutions at five critical residues in the spike protein. Here, we illuminated the evolutionary rules underlying the convergent evolution of Omicron subvariants and the properties of one of the latest lineages of concern, BQ.1.1. Our phylogenetic and epidemic dynamics analyses suggest that Omicron subvariants independently increased their viral fitness by acquiring the convergent substitutions. Particularly, BQ.1.1, which harbors all five convergent substitutions, shows the highest fitness among the viruses investigated. Neutralization assays show that BQ.1.1 is more resistant to breakthrough BA.2/5 infection sera than BA.5. The BQ.1.1 spike exhibits enhanced binding affinity to human ACE2 receptor and greater fusogenicity than the BA.5 spike. However, the pathogenicity of BQ.1.1 in hamsters is comparable to or even lower than that of BA.5. Our multiscale investigations provide insights into the evolutionary trajectory of Omicron subvariants.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.05.519085v1" target="_blank">Convergent evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants leading to the emergence of BQ.1.1 variant</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>New insights into the structure of Comirnaty Covid-19 vaccine: A theory on soft nanoparticles with mRNA-lipid supercoils stabilized by hydrogen bonds</strong> -
<div>
Despite the worldwide success of mRNA-LNP Covid-19 vaccines, the nanoscale structure of these formulations is still poorly understood. To fill this gap, we used a combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and the determination of LNP pH gradient to analyze the nanoparticles (NPs) in BNT162b2 (Comirnaty), comparing it with the well characterized pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil). Comirnaty NPs had similar size to Doxil, however, unlike Doxil liposomes, wherein the stable ammonium and pH gradient enables accumulation of 14C-methylamine in the intraliposomal aqueous phase, Comirnaty LNPs lack such pH gradient in spite of the fact that the pH 4, at which LNPs are prepared, is raised to pH 7.2 after loading of the mRNA. Mechanical manipulation of Comirnaty NPs with AFM revealed soft, compliant structures. The sawtooth-like force transitions seen during cantilever retraction implies that molecular strands, corresponding to mRNA, can be pulled out of NPs, and the process is accompanied by stepwise rupture of mRNA-lipid bonds. Unlike Doxil, cryo-TEM of Comirnaty NPs revealed a granular, solid core enclosed by mono- and bilayers. Negative staining TEM shows 2-5 nm electron-dense spots in the liposom’s interior that are aligned into strings, semicircles, or labyrinth-like networks, which may imply crosslink-stabilized supercoils. The neutral intra-LNP core questions the dominance of ionic interactions holding together this scaffold, raising the alternative possibility of hydrogen bonding between the mRNA and the lipids. Such interaction, described previously for another mRNA/lipid complex, is consistent with the steric structure of ionizable lipid in Comirnaty, ALC-0315, displaying free =O and -OH groups. It is hypothesized that the latter groups can get into steric positions that enable hydrogen bonding with the nitrogenous bases in the mRNA. These newly recognized structural features of mRNA-LNP may be important for the vaccine’s efficacy.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.02.518611v1" target="_blank">New insights into the structure of Comirnaty Covid-19 vaccine: A theory on soft nanoparticles with mRNA-lipid supercoils stabilized by hydrogen bonds</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Comparative effectiveness of sotrovimab and molnupiravir for preventing severe COVID-19 outcomes in non-hospitalised patients on kidney replacement therapy: observational cohort study using the OpenSAFELY-UKRR linked platform and SRR database</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background Patients on kidney replacement therapy (KRT; dialysis and kidney transplantation) are at the highest risk of severe outcomes from COVID-19. Due to limited inclusion of patients on KRT in clinical trials, information is limited on the effectiveness of sotrovimab (a neutralising monoclonal antibody). We sought to address this by comparing its effectiveness against molnupiravir (an antiviral) in preventing severe COVID-19 outcomes in non-hospitalised adults with symptomatic COVID-19. Methods With the approval of NHS England we used routine clinical data from 24 million patients in England linked to the UK Renal Registry (UKRR) to identify patients on KRT, and data on antiviral treatments, COVID-19 test results, hospitalisation events and death from the OpenSAFELY-TPP data resource. Cox proportional hazards models (stratified for region) were used to estimate hazard ratios of sotrovimab vs. molnupiravir with regards to COVID-19 related hospitalisation or deaths in the subsequent 28 days (as the primary outcome). Further analyses were conducted using propensity score weighting (adjusted for region) and to investigate robustness of results with regards to different time periods, missing data, and adjustment variables. We also conducted a complementary analysis using data from patients in the Scottish Renal Registry (SRR) treated with sotrovimab or molnupiravir, following similar analytical approaches. Results Among the 2367 renal patients treated with sotrovimab (n=1852) or molnupiravir (n=515) between December 16, 2021 and August 1, 2022 in England, 38 cases (1.6%) of COVID-19 related hospitalisations/deaths were observed during the 28 days of follow-up after treatment initiation, with 21 (1.1%) in the sotrovimab group and 17 (3.3%) in the molnupiravir group. In multiple-adjusted analysis sotrovimab was associated with substantially lower risk of 28-day COVID-19 related hospitalisation/death than treatment with molnupiravir (hazard ratio, HR=0.35, 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.71; P=0.004), with results remaining robust in sensitivity analyses. In the SRR cohort, there were 19 cases (1.9%) of COVID-19 related hospitalisations/deaths during the 28 days of follow-up after treatment initiation of sotrovimab (n=723) or molnupiravir (n=270). In multiple-adjusted analysis, sotrovimab showed a trend toward lower risk of 28-day COVID-19 related hospitalisation/death than treatment with molnupiravir (HR=0.39, 95% CI: 0.13 to 1.21; P=0.106). In both datasets, sotrovimab had no evidence of association with other hospitalisation/death compared with molnupiravir (HRs ranging from 0.73-1.29; P&gt;0.05). Conclusions In routine care of non-hospitalised patients with COVID-19 on kidney replacement therapy, those who received sotrovimab had substantially lower risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes than those receiving molnupiravir.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.02.22283049v2" target="_blank">Comparative effectiveness of sotrovimab and molnupiravir for preventing severe COVID-19 outcomes in non-hospitalised patients on kidney replacement therapy: observational cohort study using the OpenSAFELY-UKRR linked platform and SRR database</a>
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<li><strong>Brain Alterations in COVID Recovered Revealed by Susceptibility-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging.</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The increasing number of reports of mild to severe psychological, behavioral, and cognitive sequelae in COVID-19 survivors motivates a need for a thorough assessment of the neurological effects of the disease. In this regard, we have conducted a neuroimaging study to understand the neurotropic behavior of the coronavirus. We hypothesize that the COVID-recovered subjects have developed alterations in the brain which can be measured through susceptibility differences in various regions of the brain when compared to healthy controls (HCs). Hence, we performed our investigations on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) volumes. Fatigue, being of the most common symptoms of Long COVID, has also been studied in this work. SWI volumes of 46 COVID and 30 HCs were included in this study. The COVID patients were imaged within six months of their recovery. We performed an unpaired two-sample t-test over the pre-processed SWI volumes of both groups and multiple linear regression was performed to observe group differences and correlation of fatigue with SWI values. The group analysis showed that COVID recovered subjects had significantly higher susceptibility imaging values in regions of the frontal lobe and the brain stem. The clusters obtained in the frontal lobe primarily show differences in the white matter regions. The COVID group also demonstrated significantly higher fatigue levels than the HC group. The regression analysis on the COVID group yielded clusters in the anterior cingulate gyrus and midbrain, which exhibited negative correlations with fatigue scores. This study suggests an association of Long COVID with prolonged effects on the brain and also indicates the viability of the SWI modality for analysis of post-COVID symptoms.
</p>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.21.22282600v2" target="_blank">Brain Alterations in COVID Recovered Revealed by Susceptibility-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging.</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pilot Clinical Trial to Explore Efficacy and Safety of Pyramax in Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Pyramax<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Shin Poong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Animation Supported COVID-19 Education</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pandemic<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: Animation-Supported Education<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Siirt University<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>CareSuperb COVID-19 Antigen Test Usability</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Device: CareSuperb COVID-19 Antigen Home Test Kit<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   AccessBio, Inc.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Feasibility and Usability of COVID-19 Antigen RDTs in Uganda</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pandemic<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Diagnostic Test: PMC Sure Status COVID-19 Antigen Test;   Diagnostic Test: Acon Flowflex COVID-19 Antigen Home Test<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   PATH<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Roles of Vitamin D and Microbiome in Children With Post-acute COVID-19 Syndromes (PACS) and Long COVID</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Post-acute COVID-19 Syndromes<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Other: Vitamin D;   Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   China Medical University Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Learn About Bivalent COVID-19 RNA Vaccine Candidate(s) in Healthy Infants and Children</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Bivalent BNT162b2 (original/Omicron BA.4/BA.5) 3 microgram dose;   Biological: Bivalent BNT162b2 (original/Omicron BA.4/BA.5) 6 microgram dose;   Biological: Bivalent BNT162b2 (original/Omicron BA.4/BA.5) 10 microgram dose;   Biological: Bivalent BNT162b2 (original/Omicron BA.4/BA.5) 1 microgram dose<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   BioNTech SE;   Pfizer<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SUNRISE-3: Efficacy and Safety of Bemnifosbuvir in High-Risk Outpatients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   SARS CoV 2 Infection;   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Bemnifosbuvir (BEM);   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Atea Pharmaceuticals, Inc.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluation of an Integrative Medicine Outpatient Clinical Setting for Post-COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Fatigue<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: outpatient clinic with multimodal integrative medicine and naturopathy for post-COVID-19 patients;   Other: waiting group<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Universität Duisburg-Essen<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Variant (BA.4 /5) mRNA Vaccine.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: ABO1020;   Biological: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Suzhou Abogen Biosciences Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Clinical Evaluation of the Panbio™ COVID-19/Flu A&amp;B Rapid Panel Professional Use Product Using Mid-Turbinate Nasal Swabs</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Influenza A;   Influenza Type B<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Diagnostic Test: Panbio™<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Abbott Rapid Dx<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy of a Physical and Respiratory Rehabilitation Program for Patients With Persistent COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2).</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   SARS-CoV-2 Infection;   COVID-19 Recurrent;   Cognitive Dysfunction;   Fatigue<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: COPERIA-REHAB<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Fundacin Biomedica Galicia Sur;   University of Vigo;   Galician South Health Research Institute<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Randomised Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of an Online Cognitive Rehabilitation Programme (COPERIA-COG) for Patients With Persistent COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Neuro-Degenerative Disease;   Psychological;   SARS CoV 2 Infection<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: Sessions of cognitive stimulation<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Fundacin Biomedica Galicia Sur;   Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental;   Galician South Health Research Institute<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Azvudine in Preventing SARS-Cov-2 Infection in Household Contacts of Covid-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   SARS-CoV-2 Infection<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Azvudine;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Shanghai Henlius Biotech;   Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical Industrial Development Co. Ltd.;   HeNan Sincere Biotech Co., Ltd<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>VNS for Long-COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Post-COVID-19 Syndrome;   Postural Tachycardia Syndrome;   Dysautonomia<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Device: Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation;   Device: Sham Intervention<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effects of an Immersive Virtual Reality Intervention</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Nurse’s Role;   COVID-19 Pandemic;   Mental Stress<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction by Therapeutic VR;   Behavioral: Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mechanistic investigation of SARS-CoV-2 main protease to accelerate design of covalent inhibitors</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>FXR inhibition may protect from SARS-CoV-2 infection by reducing ACE2</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The impact of sphinogosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Correction: A Truncated Receptor-Binding Domain of MERS-CoV Spike Protein Potently Inhibits MERS-CoV Infection and Induces Strong Neutralizing Antibody Responses: Implication for Developing Therapeutics and Vaccines</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy and Safety of Pacritinib vs Placebo for Patients With Severe COVID-19: A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sertraline Is an Effective SARS-CoV-2 Entry Inhibitor Targeting the Spike Protein</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Real-time monitoring of enzyme-catalyzed phosphoribosylation of anti-influenza prodrug favipiravir by time-lapse NMR spectroscopy</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Development of a live biotherapeutic throat spray with lactobacilli targeting respiratory viral infections</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Establishment of Quality Evaluation Method for Yinqiao Powder: A Herbal Formula against COVID-19 in China</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Identification of FDA-approved drugs against SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) through computational virtual screening</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Identification of highly effective inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 main protease: From virtual screening to in vitro study</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Xuebijing injection inhibited neutrophil extracellular traps to reverse lung injury in sepsis mice <em>via</em> reducing Gasdermin D</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Increased IL-26 associates with markers of hyperinflammation and tissue damage in patients with acute COVID-19</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Repurposing of drugs for combined treatment of COVID-19 cytokine storm using machine learning</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The evolution of the global COVID-19 epidemic in Morocco and understanding the different therapeutic approaches of chitosan in the control of the pandemic</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Will Republicans Who Have Soured on Trump Turn Out for Herschel Walker?</strong> - With the Senate not in play, some conservatives fear that Walker won’t inspire voters. “I think a lot of people’s consciences will allow them to, like me, stay home,” one said. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/campaign-chronicles/will-republicans-who-have-soured-on-trump-turn-out-for-herschel-walker">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How Argentina Came to Love Lionel Messi at the World Cup</strong> - He’s never won the cup for his country—and this may be his last chance. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/how-argentina-came-to-love-lionel-messi-at-the-world-cup">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>After the January 6th Committee</strong> - It will cease to exist, as a result of the Republicans’ regaining control of the House. Can the committee’s work move forward without the committee itself? - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/12/12/after-the-january-6th-committee">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What Chinese People Think of Their Government’s “Zero COVID” Policy</strong> - Many citizens don’t know anyone who’s had the disease, yet their faith in the country’s restrictive rules is waning. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/what-chinese-people-think-of-their-governments-zero-covid-policy">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>2022 Georgia Senate Runoff: Live Election Results</strong> - The latest vote tallies and updates in the race between Raphael Warnock and Herschel Walker. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/election-2022/live-results-map-warnock-walker-georgia-senate">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Lots of bad science still gets published. Here’s how we can change that.</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/4hZZzFK_7jVexq-5Mp3JLdZhlOY=/406x0:6955x4912/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71716532/replication_crisis_GettyImages_667417952.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A new project aims to tackle the “replication crisis” by shifting incentives among scientists.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="CTHnHT">
For over a decade, scientists have been grappling with the alarming realization that many published findings — in fields ranging from psychology to cancer biology — may actually be wrong. Or at least, we don’t know if they’re right,<strong> </strong>because they just don’t hold up when other scientists repeat the same experiments, a process known as replication.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WGDce3">
In a 2015 <a href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/349/6251/aac4716">attempt</a> to reproduce 100 psychology studies from high-ranking journals, only 39 of them replicated. And in 2018, <a href="https://osf.io/ux3eh/">one effort</a> to repeat influential studies found that 14 out of 28 — just half — replicated. Another <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-018-0399-z.epdf?sharing_token=uY-7XXSwrYqjnTaF4k_LwdRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0ODPoD_DniKOJV85YbvYREV4WYg3rUMkw4Dn3xQpiS36ewTQMztGsmzwDVhiD6qsOTincMm_6MNx3iVweaC-Br4IKcK_J1FMyo7gekrMG0IwJjMkUbPoOOsXV_plU0uyaUh7wihjHJ-UQu1bguEiZfqnqN7NTFPQt3C_0QoV-oKp432nRQ5ffc2UA5BY90g4iK0ZBBYY3dUcr_5QiA4dJ4hgldAHBXR-Z59rVmKtU6W1S9mmQWSK2UkVcSsp-mF6XUa0m236lCGYzIleP_2BSiM77pjx_WrxRWf5SrVCGJ5L535khtcNZ8XtAIl7bwr98I%3D&amp;tracking_referrer=www.theatlantic.com">attempt</a> found that only 13 out of 21 social science<strong> </strong>results picked from the journals <em>Science</em> and <em>Nature</em> could be reproduced.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="APcvfA">
This is known as the “<a href="https://www.vox.com/2016/3/14/11219446/psychology-replication-crisis">replication crisis</a>,” and it’s devastating. The ability to repeat an experiment and get consistent results is the bedrock of science. If important experiments didn’t really find what they claimed to, that could lead to iffy treatments and a loss of trust in science more broadly. So scientists have done a lot of tinkering to try to fix this crisis. They’ve come up with “open science” practices that help somewhat — like preregistration, where a scientist announces how she’ll conduct her study before actually doing the study — and journals have <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/21504366/science-replication-crisis-peer-review-statistics">gotten better about retracting</a> bad papers. Yet top journals still publish shoddy papers, and other researchers still cite and build on them.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YUonMd">
This is where the <a href="https://replications.clearerthinking.org/">Transparent Replications project</a> comes in.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="16PiWn">
The project, launched last week by the nonprofit Clearer Thinking, has a simple goal: to replicate any psychology study published in <em>Science</em> or <em>Nature</em> (as long as it’s not way too expensive or technically hard). The idea is that, from now on, before researchers submit their papers to a prestigious journal, they’ll know that their work will be subjected to replication attempts, and they’ll have to worry about whether their findings hold up. Ideally, this will shift their incentives toward producing more robust research in the first place, as opposed to just racking up another publication in hopes of getting tenure.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8KOzuo">
Spencer Greenberg, Clearer Thinking’s founder, told me his team is tackling psychology papers to start with because that’s their specialty, though he hopes this same model will later be extended to other fields.<strong> </strong>I spoke to him about the replications that the project has run so far, whether the original researchers were helpful or defensive, and why he hopes this project will eventually become obsolete. A transcript of our conversation, edited for length and clarity, follows.
</p>
<h4 id="H6y8GK">
Sigal Samuel
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Zu7kNW">
It’s been over a decade that scientists have been talking about the replication crisis. There’s been all this soul-searching and debate. Is your sense that all of that has led to better science being published? Is bad science still being published very often in top journals?
</p>
<h4 id="fIPa9f">
Spencer Greenberg
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZQt3tN">
So there’s been this whole awakening to have better practices and open science. And I think there is way more awareness around how that seems to happen. It’s starting to trickle into people’s work. You definitely see more preregistration. But we’re talking about an entire field, so it takes time to get uptake. There’s still a lot better that could be done.
</p>
<h4 id="dLj6aj">
Sigal Samuel
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BcDpIn">
Do you think these sorts of reforms — preregistration and more open science — are in principle enough to solve the issue, and it just hasn’t had time yet to trickle into the field fully? Or do you think the field needs something fundamentally different?
</p>
<h4 id="FxF24L">
Spencer Greenberg
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AMNzQ7">
It’s definitely very helpful, but also not sufficient. The way I think about it is, when you’re doing research as a scientist, you’re making hundreds of little micro-decisions in the research process, right? So if you’re a psychologist, you’re thinking about what questions to ask participants and how to word them and what order to put them in and so on. And if you have a truth-seeking orientation during that process, where you’re constantly asking, “What is the way to do this that best arrives at the truth?” then I think you’ll tend to produce good research. Whereas if you have other motivations, like “What will make a cool-looking finding?” or “What will get published?” then I think you’ll make decisions suboptimally.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nAttIT">
And so one of the things that these good practices like open science do is they help create greater alignment between truth-seeking and what the researcher is doing. But they’re not perfect. There’s so many ways in which you can be misaligned.
</p>
<h4 id="qocAEz">
Sigal Samuel
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LGhGS7">
Okay, so thinking about different efforts that have been put forth to address replication issues, like preregistration, what makes you hopeful that your effort will succeed where others might have fallen short?
</p>
<h4 id="nFhCwp">
Spencer Greenberg
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="55wgrX">
Our project is really quite different. With previous projects, what they’ve done is go back and look at papers and go try to replicate them. This gave us a lot of insight — like, my best guess from looking at all those prior big replication studies is that in top journals, about 40 percent of papers don’t replicate.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dAD4c3">
But the thing about those studies is that they don’t shift incentives going forward. What really makes the Transparent Replications project different is that we’re trying to change forward-looking incentives by saying: Whenever a new psychology paper or behavior paper comes out in <em>Nature</em> and <em>Science</em>, as long as they are within our technical and monetary constraints, we will replicate them. So imagine you’re submitting your paper and you’re like, “Oh, wait a minute, I’m going to get replicated if this gets published!” That actually makes a really big difference. Right now the chance of being replicated is so low that you basically just ignore it.
</p>
<h4 id="XagX6Q">
Sigal Samuel
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6vTKVo">
Talk to me about the timeline here. How soon after a paper gets published would you release your replication results? And is that quick enough to change the incentive structure?
</p>
<h4 id="TyhY74">
Spencer Greenberg
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="g7JrKV">
Our goal would be to do everything in 8 to 10 weeks. We want it to be fast enough that we can avoid stuff getting into the research literature that may not turn out to be true. Think about how many ideas have now been shared in the literature that other people are citing and building on that are not correct!
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Axaf3R">
We’ve seen examples of this, like with <a href="https://www.vox.com/2016/3/14/11219446/psychology-replication-crisis">ego depletion</a> [the theory that when a task requires a lot of mental energy, it depletes our store of willpower]. Hundreds of papers have been written on it, and yet now there’s doubts about whether it’s really legitimate at all. It’s just an incredible waste of time and energy and resources. So if we can say, “This new paper came out, but wait, it doesn’t replicate!” we can avoid building on it.
</p>
<h4 id="kxLLmy">
Sigal Samuel
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PyVCv7">
Running replications in 8 to 10 weeks — that’s fast. It sounds like a lot of work. How big of a team do you have helping with this?
</p>
<h4 id="0MRNTo">
Spencer Greenberg
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EEqUti">
My colleague Amanda Metskas is the director of the project, and then we have a couple other people who are helping. It’s just four of us right now. But I should say we’ve spent years building the experience to run rapid studies. We actually build technology around studies, like this platform recruiting people for studies in 100 countries. So if you need depressed people in Germany or people with sleep problems in the US or whatever, the platform helps you find that. So this is sort of our bread and butter.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7ETPZ1">
Another extremely important thing is, our replications have to be extremely accurate, so we always run them by the original research team. We really want to make sure it’s a fair replication of what they did. So we’ll say, “Hey, your paper is going to be replicated, here is the exact replication that’s going to be done, look at our materials.” I think all the teams have gotten back to us and they’ve given minor comments. And after we write the report, we send it to the research team and ask if they see any errors. We give them a chance to respond.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="g5piUu">
But if for some reason they don’t get back to us, we’re still going to run the replication!
</p>
<h4 id="VhclDt">
Sigal Samuel
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="CO1IiB">
So far you’ve done <a href="https://replications.clearerthinking.org/replications/">three replications</a>, which are scoring pretty well on transparency and clarity. Two of them scored okay on replicability, but one basically failed to replicate. I’m curious, especially for that one, have you gotten a negative reaction? Have the researchers been defensive? What’s the process been like on a human level?
</p>
<h4 id="47MhuJ">
Spencer Greenberg
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BREeAg">
We’re really grateful because all the research teams have communicated with us, which is awesome. That really helps us do a better job. But I do not know how that research team is going to react. We have not heard anything since we sent them the final version.
</p>
<h4 id="UNHfOo">
Sigal Samuel
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZPTsHN">
Broadly, what do you think the consequences should be for bad research? Should there be consequences other than how frequently it’ll be cited by other scientists?
</p>
<h4 id="UrF6kh">
Spencer Greenberg
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mubeZt">
No. Failing to replicate really should not be seen as an indictment of the research team. Every single researcher will sometimes have their work fail to replicate. Like, even if you’re the perfect researcher. So I really think the way to interpret it is not, “This research team is bad,” but, “We should believe this result less.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TvSVCf">
In an ideal world, it just wouldn’t get published! Because really what should happen is that the journals should be doing what we’re doing. The journals — like <em>Nature</em> and <em>Science</em> — should be saying, well, we’re going to replicate a certain percentage of the papers.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1yIq55">
That would be incredible. It would change everything. And then we could stop doing this!
</p>
<h4 id="IacsuP">
Sigal Samuel
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uOpNx7">
You just put your finger on exactly what I wanted to ask you, which is … it seems a bit ridiculous to me that a group like yours has to go out, raise money, do all this work. Should it actually be the journals that are doing this? Should it be the NIH or NSF that are randomly selecting studies that they fund for replication follow-ups? I mean, just doing this as part of the cost of the basic process of science — whose job should it actually be?
</p>
<h4 id="vQw7jx">
Spencer Greenberg
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2Kvwnh">
I think it would be amazing if the journals did it. That would make a lot of sense because they’re already engaging at a deep level. It could be the funder as well, although they may be in not as good a position to do it, since it’s less in their wheelhouse.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="g59H4U">
But I would say being independent from academia puts us in a unique position to be able to do this. Because if you’re going to do a bunch of replications, if you’re an academic, what is the output of that? You have to get a paper out of it, because that’s how you advance your career — that’s the currency. But the top journals don’t tend to publish replications. Additionally, some of these papers are coming from top people in the field. If you fail to replicate them, well, you might worry: Is that going to make them think badly of you? Is it going to have career repercussions?
</p>
<h4 id="KTVHat">
Sigal Samuel
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="geLtl1">
Can you say a word about your funding model going forward? Where do you think the funding for this is going to come from in the long haul?
</p>
<h4 id="CJGH98">
Spencer Greenberg
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="l4P70C">
We set up a <a href="https://www.patreon.com/replications">Patreon</a> because some people might just want to support this scientific endeavor. We’re also very likely going to be going to foundations, especially ones that are interested in meta-science, and see if they might be interested in giving. We want this to be an indefinite project, until others who should be doing it take it over. And then we can stop doing our work, which would be awesome.
</p></li>
<li><strong>Everything to know about Georgia’s big Senate runoff</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A young girl stands on a street corner and holds a sign over her head that reads, “Let’s vote today, Georgia.”" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/nmwpiCqkTPUxYGWZqKr_7GSBVWg=/46x0:3513x2600/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71716450/GettyImages_1445608448a.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Reniya Weekes holds a sign to encourage people to vote early outside a polling station in Atlanta, Georgia, on November 29, ahead of the runoff election between Sen. Raphael Warnock and Herschel Walker on December 6. | Alex Wong/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The election could say a lot about candidate quality and about whether Democrats can replicate their success in the state.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1mgCh8">
The results of the <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/23425078/midterm-elections-results-2022-georgia-senate-run-off-walker-warnock">Georgia Senate runoff,</a> taking place on December 6, could <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/23475557/herschel-walker-raphael-warnock-georgia-senate-runoff">ultimately be pretty illuminating</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="D0HR1Q">
The <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/23464862/senate-elections-georgia-runoff-2024-map">election</a>, a rematch between Baptist pastor Sen. Raphael Warnock (D) and former football star Herschel Walker (R) will tell us more about <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/11/16/23458896/republicans-senate-candidate-quality-trump">how much candidate quality really matters</a>, whether Democrats are able to replicate the gains they saw in Georgia in 2021, and which party was able to keep more of its voters energized.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="syk5zv">
The outcome will also have big implications for power in the Senate. While Georgia’s election will no longer decide the majority, it could determine whether Democrats secure a 51st seat, <a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/11/13/23456019/democrat-majority-senate-georgia-warnock-walker-trump-biden">which would give them more control over committees</a>, judicial nominations, and the upper chamber’s legislative agenda.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="L3dgtG">
Depending on how close the race is, we may not know the results for a day or two, though we’re likely to soon have a better read on several issues the runoff has raised. Here are five key questions we’re watching as results come in this week.
</p>
<h3 id="HDYVrF">
<ol type="1">
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Could Warnock maintain his lead from the general election and in the polls?
</li></ol></h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Za8bhW">
Although he did not get a majority of the votes in the general election, Warnock did beat Walker, securing 49.4 percent of the vote to Walker’s 48.5 percent. Because no candidate received 50 percent of the vote, the race went to a runoff, as required by Georgia law.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/81PLTxEo28Wwdua70Hl9e2V4wXg=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24265964/GettyImages_1245373743a.jpg"/> <cite>Demetrius Freeman/The Washington Post via Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Sen. Raphael Warnock speaks at St. John Baptist Church in Gainesville, Georgia, on Sunday, December 4, as he campaigns ahead of the runoff election on December 6.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AsPqWM">
Since the general election, Warnock has been leading consistently in polls, with <a href="https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/polls/senate/2022/georgia/">most of the surveys conducted</a> continuing to show him ahead by narrow margins. A <a href="https://emersoncollegepolling.com/georgia-2022-warnock-holds-slight-edge-over-walker/">late November poll from Emerson College and The Hill</a> had Warnock up by 2 percentage points among likely voters, while <a href="https://www.surveyusa.com/client/PollReport.aspx?g=ec76271b-9c31-41b7-9c15-4d281bc48cd7">another poll from SurveyUSA and WXIA-TV Atlanta</a> had Warnock up by 3 percentage points. Warnock also benefits from incumbency — having served for nearly two years, he’s a name Georgians know — and has previously maintained <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/georgia-senate-race-brian-kemp-stacey-abrams-raphael-warnock-herschel-walker-opinion-poll-2022-09-20/">solid approval ratings in the state</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="g2kOx1">
The senator’s lead in the general and the latest polling suggest he’s in a strong position going into this runoff, but the main unknown is whether enough of the voters who supported him in November will be motivated to vote again.
</p>
<h3 id="QyObwN">
<ol start="2" type="1">
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Are Walker’s scandals sufficient to deter Republican voters?
</li></ol></h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qwaRNU">
Another big outstanding question is whether Walker could still win in the face of his numerous scandals and campaign trail missteps.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WVRlGA">
During his campaign, <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/10/4/23387712/herschel-walker-georgia-senate-raphael-warnock">Walker has been plagued with a series of issues</a>, including allegations that, despite being staunchly anti-abortion himself, he paid for two women’s abortions (he has denied both allegations). Walker has also faced allegations of domestic violence, scrutiny over policy gaffes, and claims that he misrepresented his business record, charitable donations, and experience in law enforcement.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RlyfMh">
Most of these allegations and policy missteps were public ahead of the general election, suggesting that many Republicans remain willing to back him regardless, and could continue to do so.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/krqkTVQD5NHpZymblh24zThnHug=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24265988/GettyImages_1446783547a.jpg"/> <cite>Alex Wong/Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Georgia Senate candidate Herschel Walker speaks during a campaign rally in Loganville, Georgia. on December 4.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9Y599S">
For some voters, Walker’s celebrity in Georgia as a football player and the fact that he’d bolster Republicans’ numbers in the Senate could be sufficient reasons to overlook the other problems that have been raised. Republicans have also worked to tie Warnock with Biden, who has been blamed for inflation and has low approval ratings in the state.
</p>
<h3 id="7Hye5Q">
<ol start="3" type="1">
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Which party can turn out more voters?
</li></ol></h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4x6caA">
Turning voters back out for the second time is the real challenge of any runoff election. In this case, both campaigns face new obstacles.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kdvkn9">
Because of a 2021 Georgia election law, there were just four weeks between the general election and the runoff, which is a much shorter period for early voting and returning absentee ballots. That’s a lot less time than during the 2020 runoffs, when there were nine weeks between the two races.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pPCfat">
Additionally, unlike last time, no new voters could register between the general election and the runoff, so the candidates had to target residents who were already registered. Both candidates also have to contend with different stakes than in 2020, when control of the Senate hinged on Georgia. This year, there is concern that because the state will no longer determine the majority, some could feel less motivated to vote.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DVoWTt">
The two candidates have had to navigate unique headwinds as well. Walker was likely helped in the general by the strong support that more popular GOP candidates, particularly Gov. Brian Kemp, had. Kemp, who 56 percent of Georgia residents approved of <a href="https://maristpoll.marist.edu/polls/the-2022-elections-in-georgia-2/">in a November Marist poll,</a> is no longer on the ticket, and it’s possible some Republicans could stay home because of that.<strong> </strong>In the general election, <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/2022-georgia-senate-runoff-election-results">200,000 voters who backed Kemp</a> did not vote for Walker, and some of those Georgians could opt out of the runoff entirely.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WsNcrm">
Democrats, meanwhile, are up against the state’s slight Republican lean and <a href="https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/how-either-candidate-could-win-georgias-senate-runoff/">historic successes the GOP has had in Georgia runoffs</a>, a trend they bucked last cycle. There’s also a chance that Walker could pick up votes from those who supported the libertarian candidate, Chase Oliver, in the general election.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8U3PFM">
So far, early voting suggests some positive signs for Democrats, though turnout could look very different on Election Day, since Republicans are more likely to vote then. This year, more than 1.8 million people cast votes early either in person or via absentee ballot, breaking records for the number of early votes submitted in a day. That’s likely because of the shortened early voting period people had to work with this time around; most voters had less than a week this cycle compared to multiple weeks for the 2021 race, and many reported waiting in long lines at their polling places.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/VRV2esKqOyUy0LwZOoRlYtOK55Y=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24265997/GettyImages_1245157934a.jpg"/> <cite>Cheney Orr/Bloomberg via Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Voters cast their ballots at a polling location in Columbus, Georgia, on Sunday, November 27, during early voting for the Senate runoff election.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="igloOk">
<a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2022/12/02/georgia-senate-runoff-early-voting-00071944">As Politico reported,</a> there have been strong early turnout numbers in Democratic-leaning counties and among Black voters, a majority of whom previously supported Warnock, both trends that could bode well for him.
</p>
<h3 id="V9Xwfx">
<ol start="4" type="1">
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Were the 2021 elections in Georgia an anomaly?
</li></ol></h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MxtKVD">
Democrats saw strong gains in the 2021 elections, driven by aggressive organizing efforts that turned out voters of color in the state, many of whom supported the party’s candidates. Those races, which sent two Democrats to the Senate, as well as Joe Biden to the White House, marked the first time in years that Democrats had won Senate seats and the presidency in the state.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Y1pc8r">
These wins spoke to how the state is becoming more purple, a shift that the runoff could further reaffirm. While there are certainly factors that make this race unique, including Walker’s specific candidate quality issues, another Democratic success this cycle would show that the party’s victories in the state can be replicated.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RMEiop">
Many of the organizations that played a pivotal role in reaching voters in past races, <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/11/30/democrats-georgia-voter-turnout/">such as the New Georgia Project Action Fund</a>, have put in significant resources this cycle as well. Despite these efforts, the overall turnout rate in the state fell <a href="https://www.npr.org/2022/11/19/1137552158/the-path-looks-uncertain-for-democrats-after-losing-the-georgia-governorship-aga">compared to 2018</a> in the general election, indicating that past gains could still fluctuate in the future.
</p>
<h3 id="I8Igz3">
<ol start="5" type="1">
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Which party had the stronger closing argument?<strong> </strong></li>
</ol></h3></li>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="avvKDe">
Both parties have invested heavily to mobilize voters in the last four weeks, although Democrats have outspent Republicans roughly two to one, <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/first-read/democrats-maintain-massive-ad-spending-edge-georgia-runoff-rcna60089">according to NBC News</a>. In the last month or so, Democrats have spent $52.5 million on political ads to Republicans’ $25 million, the publication reported.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ERurhA">
The two parties have also boosted the two candidates with their respective surrogates, with former President Barack Obama visiting the state to stump for Warnock last week, and Sens. Tim Scott (R-SC) and John Kennedy (R-LA) among those doing the same for Walker. Walker’s campaign has also tapped Kemp for ads, while former President Donald Trump — someone who’s turned off moderate voters in the state — has kept a lower profile.
</p>
<div>
<div class="c-image-grid">
<div class="c-image-grid__item">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/cIWOQEH759IdrvMMGWfj8NhbGTI=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24266009/GettyImages_1446121042a.jpg"/> <cite>Win McNamee/Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Former President Barack Obama campaigns for Sen. Raphael Warnock at a rally in Atlanta, Georgia, on December 1.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="c-image-grid__item">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/8hjwxbCKCV519wYmO5C_2qhvYNg=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24266028/GettyImages_1446776105a.jpg"/> <cite>Alex Wong/Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Sen. Tim Scott, left, and Sen. John Kennedy, right, stump for Herschel Walker in Loganville, Georgia, on December 4.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dkIS9I">
Although the Senate majority question is no longer being decided by the state, Republicans and Democrats have sought to underscore the importance of the seat.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zBu4Pj">
Walker has emphasized that he would help the GOP counter the Biden administration, noting repeatedly that he would not be a “rubber stamp” for its policies, and argued that he’d help combat problems like inflation. Warnock, meanwhile, has said that this election is less about partisanship and more about “right and wrong,” jabbing at Walker over his scandals and fitness for office. Warnock has stressed, too, the policies he’s helped advance, including an insulin cap for Medicare recipients and a bipartisan proposal that bolsters highway funding in the state.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WXwlqY">
Tuesday’s outcome could speak to which candidate’s message wound up being more compelling, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/12/02/us/elections/georgia-senate-results-analysis.html">particularly for swing voters</a>.
</p>
<li><strong>We forgot to fix unemployment insurance yet again</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="An image of a man with a leaf blower blowing tiny people into the air." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Vf8NJWEdHcAizJ46bDNabSG_zTI=/0x50:1967x1525/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71716404/GettyImages_1148108263.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Unemployed workers are in trouble if and when the next crisis hits. | Getty Images/Fanatic Studio/Gary Waters/Science Photo Library
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Layoffs are hitting tech and media. A recession may be looming. What happens to everyone who loses their job?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lQePlr">
Hey, remember the <a href="https://www.vox.com/covid-19-coronavirus-economy-recession-stock-marketk">pandemic economy</a>? How could you not, right? In early 2020, <a href="https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2020/article/employment-recovery.htm#:~:text=The%20U.S.%20economy%20lost%2022,seasonally%20adjusted)%20below%20February's%20peak.">millions of people lost their jobs</a> in the blink of an eye, through no fault of their own. In the United States, their subsequent attempts to get help from the government overwhelmed unemployment offices across the country, <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2020/5/13/21255894/unemployment-insurance-system-problems-florida-claims-pua-new-york">revealing the system to be fundamentally broken</a>. The infrastructure was bad, the benefits insufficient, and the entire scheme next to impossible to navigate.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="j05sIF">
And then, something remarkable happened: The federal government stepped in to shore things up. It added extra dollars to state unemployment benefits to make sure people could get by and pay their bills. It <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/4/22/21224927/how-to-apply-for-unemployment-benefits-freelancer-self-employed">expanded</a> the pool of people who were eligible for benefits, so workers such as freelancers and contractors could access them, too. While <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/22/business/unemployment-insurance-fraud-pandemic.html">far from perfect</a>, the extra efforts to help the unemployed made a <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/21358814/coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic-unemployment-600">real difference in people’s lives</a> and played a part in the country <a href="https://www.vox.com/22348364/united-states-stimulus-covid-coronavirus">averting a deeper and longer recession</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nzByEZ">
It felt, for a while, like maybe there would be momentum to finally <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/21430930/covid-unemployment-600-cares-act-the-great-rebuild">address the issues in America’s unemployment system</a>. So many people had experienced first-hand just what a disaster it was on a massive scale, from outdated administrative systems to inadequate benefits. It seemed obvious that this hybrid state-federal program that had left so much discretion up to individual states just didn’t work.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UBd3Ez">
And then … America’s UI setup didn’t really get fixed, because it never does.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<div id="XJZu7n">
<div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="l8NECN">
“This is literally what always happens every time there is an economic downturn,” said Michele Evermore, the former deputy director of policy at the Office of Unemployment Insurance Modernization at the Department of Labor who is now a senior fellow at the Century Foundation, a progressive think tank. “At the very start of it, people are pretty sympathetic to people who suddenly became unemployed, so we temporarily add benefits and add temporary fixes, and then as the economic crisis rolls on, everybody gets sick of the unemployed people and starts blaming them. By the end of it, it’s all the unemployed people’s fault, they just don’t want to work, we’ve got to take away their unemployment benefits.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="D2fjEJ">
As workers stare down the barrel of <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/10/26/23419373/inflation-recession-interest-rates-economy">another potential recession</a> — and the layoffs that would accompany it — the problems that dogged unemployment insurance before the pandemic, many of which have persisted for decades, remain. Most of the momentum to repair the system has dissipated.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<aside id="Gr7IPO">
<q>“When the next crisis hits, we’re not at all ready for it”</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sOw89y">
Congress and the White House <a href="https://www.dol.gov/newsroom/releases/eta/eta20210811">allocated</a> $2 billion to the Department of Labor in 2021 to try to help states update their unemployment systems, combat fraud, and promote equitable access to benefits. But that funding and the accompanying efforts can only go so far, and they are aimed at administrative fixes, not policy fixes. The benefit amount a worker is entitled to, how long the benefits last, and the requirements to get them largely depend on which state that worker lives in. Many states are still digging themselves out from under the last crisis. Given the narrative that has taken hold around unemployment during this most recent economic recovery — that UI <a href="https://apnews.com/article/health-coronavirus-pandemic-government-and-politics-business-b9d952c2f4a801cf0a9f49fcd8c4f456">kept people out</a> of the workforce, that too much government assistance <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2022/10/09/inflation-economy-biden-covid/">contributed to inflation</a> — it’s not clear what kind of appetite would exist in Congress to help workers <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2022/12/2/23486024/economy-inflation-jobs-report-gdp-stock-market-recession">if and when another recession hits</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ogVksG">
“When the next crisis hits, we’re not at all ready for it, we’re worse off,” Evermore said.
</p>
<h3 id="uqSHgT">
State by state, not so great
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="x5xOOo">
The point of unemployment insurance is to replace income for people who have lost their jobs and keep them attached to the labor market. It’s meant to be a support for the broader economy in times of economic downturn, too, and keep consumer spending going. If I lose my job and can’t pay my rent, it is a problem for me <em>and </em>for my landlord <em>and </em>for the sandwich guy I no longer buy from down the street.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XUJUy5">
In the US, Wisconsin was the first state to put UI in place in 1932, and the federal program <a href="https://www.ssa.gov/history/35actinx.html">became law under the Social Security Act in 1935</a>. It is a federal-state scheme that has never worked smoothly because each state does things its own way.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pBghhG">
UI is financed through <a href="https://www.taxpolicycenter.org/briefing-book/what-unemployment-insurance-trust-fund-and-how-it-financed#:~:text=Unemployment%20insurance%20programs%20are%20run,partnerships%20financed%20through%20payroll%20taxes.&amp;text=State%20unemployment%20insurance%20taxes%20are,covering%20normal%20unemployment%20insurance%20benefits.">state and federal payroll taxes</a> that are supposed to cover both administrative systems and the benefits themselves. Many states have kept those taxes quite low, leaving the system chronically underfunded and resulting in luck-of-the-draw situations for workers applying for UI, depending on where they live.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UMpq5N">
The <a href="https://oui.doleta.gov/unemploy/DataDashboard.asp">average weekly benefit</a> paid out in regular unemployment insurance nationwide was about $385 in the 12 months ending in September. But if you look at Mississippi, for example, the average benefit is in the low $200 range, while it’s now above $600 for Washington state.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9sx8Bz">
These benefits do not move with <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/11/10/23450034/fed-inflation-consumer-price-index">inflation</a>, either.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="r3AIr5">
“Inflation is making it even harder for people to survive on these inadequate benefits,” said Rebecca Dixon, executive director of the National Employment Law Project (NELP). “Most benefits are not set to increase on any index, so there are a lot of states where they’ve just been stuck at the number that they’re at for a decade or more.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DWx6Nd">
Workers in many states are eligible to collect UI benefits for up to 26 weeks, but in some states, such as Florida, <a href="https://www.cbpp.org/research/economy/how-many-weeks-of-unemployment-compensation-are-available">the maximum is about half of that</a>. Different states also have all sorts of hoops workers have to jump through to certify they’re still unemployed and prove they’re looking for work. One week they’ll get benefits, the next week they’ll get denied.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QeY1k6">
Many UI offices are understaffed, are still dealing with pandemic-era backlogs, and are using outdated technologies to administer benefits. Or, they’ve updated their technologies and they’re <a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/08/06/899893368/gov-says-floridas-unemployment-system-was-designed-to-create-pointless-roadblock">intentionally designed</a> to make the whole thing harder for workers to navigate, or the update was just bad.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<aside id="gbvu3a">
<q>“When you took away these temporary federal programs, you just left these huge holes”</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Yqof1h">
Add it all up and it’s easy to see why so many unemployed people aren’t getting UI benefits at all. According to a <a href="https://tcf.org/content/report/a-pandemic-lifeline-nations-unemployment-system-is-inadequate-and-unprepared-for-next-downturn/">recent analysis</a> from the Century Foundation (TCF), about 27 percent of unemployed workers were getting state unemployment benefits in the year ending in August 2022. That’s worse than during the financial crisis in 2009, when 41 percent of the unemployed were collecting benefits. It’s much worse than in 2021, while many pandemic-era UI federal supports were still in place, which saw a 76 percent recipiency rate.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="g3krCD">
“It’s really the policy side that’s sticking out right now in that there are these huge holes in the safety net that got filled with a federal program, but when you took away these temporary federal programs, you just left these huge holes,” said Andrew Stettner in an interview while he was director of workforce policy and a senior fellow at TCF. In late November, after that interview, he took over Evermore’s old job at the Department of Labor.
</p>
<h3 id="NHSiQ5">
After the pandemic, we tried to fix America’s unemployment system and then gave up
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1oAgGc">
When the pandemic hit in the spring of 2020 and millions of people were laid off, <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/4/20/21220931/unemployment-insurance-coronavirus-websites-crashing">America’s UI system was crushed</a>. Millions of people were met with broken websites and endless call wait times as they tried desperately to access benefits to which they were entitled, and state offices were completely overwhelmed. Once people did get benefits, in many cases they weren’t adequate given the economic situation the country was facing.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UsFqa8">
So, the federal government stepped up in 2020 and through much of 2021. It added extra federal dollars to weekly benefits — first $600, then a lapse, then $300. It also extended the length of eligibility for benefits collection and expanded the pool of workers who could apply to include freelancers, gig workers, and the self-employed.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="atQeKm">
Those efforts certainly had their shortfalls; it’s estimated that <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/22/business/unemployment-insurance-fraud-pandemic.html">billions of dollars in benefits</a> were wrongly paid out and obtained by fraud. At the same time, they really helped people who needed them, and they demonstrated the need for a reformed system.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ePS6bc">
“There was such a crush that even some of the checks that were normally done were not done,” Stettner said. “I don’t think that would happen again because we’re never going to have that kind of crush again, god willing.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IZukLB">
The state-federal hybrid model across the country only made the overall system more vulnerable. “For hackers and people who are doing these waves of fraud, they’re looking at it like there’s 53 different opportunities for us to do this because there’s 53 different programs,” Dixon said. “It makes it harder to stop because it’s happening in multiple places.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ax9mEu">
At the administrative level, there have been efforts to improve UI overall. The American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) signed into law in 2021 <a href="https://www.dol.gov/newsroom/releases/eta/eta20210811">provided</a> $2 billion to the Department of Labor to put toward fraud detection, equity, and ensuring state UI programs worked better overall. The DOL <a href="https://news.bloomberglaw.com/daily-labor-report/dols-tiger-teams-eye-unemployment-fixes-in-six-more-states">dispatched</a> what it dubbed “tiger teams” of experts six states at a time to work with their offices to improve their programs. They’ve thus far gone to 30 states, according to a DOL spokesperson. ARPA also put $260 million in equity grants to try to help with outreach to make sure everyone entitled to benefits has fair, equal access to them.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<aside id="MaZC9y">
<q>“We’ve historically underinvested in the unemployment insurance programs”</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Z9IfoU">
“In the beginning, it was like, make your website more disability accessible, of course, but by the second or third cohort, they were like, ‘Okay here’s how to redo your form, make it horizontal not vertical, this font not that.’ They were making very informed, specific recommendations,” Evermore said. “There are so many weird little bottlenecks that states never had time to address.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EAuoe9">
Still, many of these initiatives are just scratching at the surface. “The big picture remains the same, which is that we’ve historically underinvested in the unemployment insurance programs,” Dixon said. “One infusion during the pandemic is not going to remedy years of disinvestment.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="04aI5u">
Where the US would need an overhaul is on the policy end, many experts say. That could take a variety of forms. For example, the federal government could put in place a set of basic standards that states have to abide by that would set minimum benefit amounts and time frames, and it could overall push states to keep their systems updated. Or, <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/22277339/covid-19-relief-bill-automatic-stabilizers">it could put in place automatic stabilizers</a> that would tie benefits to certain economic conditions, such as the unemployment rate. What that would look like is when the unemployment rate rises to X percent, an extra amount of dollars and/or weeks automatically kick in until the unemployment rate falls again. That way, workers aren’t dealing with the political will in Washington, DC, in the event of another recession.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vHxlSh">
The thing is, these types of changes would require action from Congress. There have been <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/22394677/unemployment-insurance-ron-wyden">proposals from lawmakers on that front</a>, including from Sens. Ron Wyden (D-OR) and <a href="https://www.vox.com/2019/8/22/20827080/michael-bennet-recession-federal-reserve-fiscal-stimulus">Michael Bennet</a> (D-CO), but they haven’t gained much traction.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="R3UadD">
“This is why unemployment hasn’t been fixed for decades. Whenever there’s an opportunity, there are more pressing things on the agenda that members want to get done,” one Democratic congressional aide, who asked for anonymity to speak freely about the matter, said in an interview. “If you gave those same members a choice of should we do climate or fix UI, should we do child care or fix unemployment, given that A or B choice, I don’t think anybody’s going to choose unemployment.”
</p>
<h3 id="FiJsbr">
Unemployment never feels like a problem until it is
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jq08BQ">
Losing a job is an awful experience, <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2022/07/21/the-long-term-economic-scars-of-job-displacements/">financially</a> and <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8950467/">emotionally</a>. In the current moment, the Federal Reserve is hiking interest rates in an effort to <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2022/10/31/23428781/inflation-federal-reserve-gas-prices-congress-biden">fight inflation</a>, which could <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/10/26/23419373/inflation-recession-interest-rates-economy">push the economy into a recession</a>. It could put millions of people out of work, once again through no fault of their own. Part of what the Fed wants is for businesses to slow hiring, stop raising wages, and, ultimately, <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/23339531/federal-reserve-inflation-jerome-powell-unemployment-interest-rates">lay people off</a>. If Fed Chair Jay Powell is the reason John in Minneapolis loses his job, does that mean John in Minneapolis, who also can’t access decent unemployment benefits while he looks for a new job, should also lose his home?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Y66Djg">
“You don’t want that Fed recession to have a lasting impact,” Stettner said. “The <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2022/7/13/23188455/inflation-paul-volcker-shock-recession-1970s">last time the Fed put the economy into a recession</a> in the ’80s, there are entire communities that didn’t recover from that.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3YK0Ue">
Many experts, advocates, and policymakers worry that the opportunity to fix unemployment insurance has been squandered once again. On Capitol Hill and in many states, there doesn’t appear to be much appetite for addressing the system policy right now, when times are relatively good. It’s not clear what appetite there would be to put in place at least temporary supports if a recession hits, either. Pandemic unemployment insurance has taken some of the blame for <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/10/17/23401726/inflation-stimulus-american-rescue-plan">bumping up inflation as part of government stimulus</a> in the first place. There are also concerns about the potential for fraud and, more broadly, concerns that too-generous benefits keep people out of the workforce. (<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/23/ending-unemployment-benefits-had-little-impact-on-jobs-study-says.html">Evidence</a> <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/10/politics/unemployment-benefits-jobs-september/index.html">suggests</a> more robust benefits during the pandemic did not keep people on the sidelines.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uw9n8a">
“I’m actually worried that we won’t get any temporary improvement in unemployment insurance that we usually get,” Evermore said. “The political will is really, really bad.”
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<aside id="LyXimI">
<q>“Unemployed worker” is a temporary status</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mIg9Bc">
“There would be an appetite to do something more limited, maybe extend weeks or something like that, but I don’t see an appetite to do a boost like we did at the beginning of the pandemic, that’s for sure,” the Democratic aide said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="i2ShCB">
It’s a lesson the country has half-learned time and again and then forgotten. The last crisis — the pandemic-induced recession — is over, and the next crisis looms. Yet Congress has already moved onto other things, as has most of the public. “Unemployed worker” is a temporary status, and once people go back to work, they forget. “It doesn’t really have a constituency that you can rally to stand up for the program and support sustained advocacy to get changes,” Dixon said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="A3ygEt">
In the bad times, either personally or collectively, the shortcomings of the unemployment insurance system punch you in the face. It hurts in the moment, and it bruises. Then the pain subsides and the bruise fades, and life moves on, even though the risk of the next punch in the face remains.
</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Raisina, My Opinion, Abilitare and Hope And Glory impress</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Coeur De Lion shines</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Touch Of Grey, Ashwa Magadheera, Ashwa Yudhvir, Ravishing Form and Granpar shine</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Shall we dance? Brazil cop flak, praise for World Cup shenanigans</strong> - Brazil’s exuberant celebrations against South Korea in the FIFA World Cup has caught the eye of many</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>FIFA World Cup 2022 | Ronaldo eyes quarters as Morocco dares to dream</strong> - Ronaldo appears in what is certainly his last FIFA World Cup, while Morocco are the sole African-Arab contenders remaining in Qatar</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Body of fisherman retrieved from Godavari in Andhra Pradesh</strong> - Two persons drowned while three survived after a boat capsized at the Polavaram irrigation project site in Eluru district on December 4</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Telangana Southern Discom allays doubts on charges due to delay in bill generation</strong> - CMD Raghuma Reddy says bill amount remains appropriate even in case of a few days delay in billing</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>CBI’s challenge to statutory bail granted to DHFL’s Wadhawans requires detailed consideration: HC</strong> - The CBI urged the court to stay the trial court’s order granting bail to the two accused</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Director hints at legal recourse for retaining Higuita as movie’s title</strong> - No consensus at talks held between Kerala Film Chamber of Commerce, makers of movie</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Chief Electoral Officer visits Jenu Kuruba colonies</strong> -</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Russian missile strikes force emergency power shutdowns</strong> - President Zelensky says Ukraine’s power grid needs to be stabilised after another wave of deadly Russian strikes.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>TV Rain: Latvia shuts down Russian broadcaster over Ukraine war coverage</strong> - The channel has been accused of showing content that supports Moscow’s invasion of Ukraine.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Schoolgirl killed in knife attack in Germany</strong> - Police say a man came out of a refugee shelter and attacked two teenagers on their way to school.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Kerala: Indian men jailed for rape and murder of Latvian tourist</strong> - Two men have been sent to jail for life for the rape and murder of a Latvian tourist in Kerala in 2018.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Oil prices rise as cap on Russian crude kicks in</strong> - The G7 nations and its allies have agreed to limit the price of Russian oil to $60 a barrel.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Here’s how marsh grass shrimp reduce drag while swimming</strong> - The shrimp flexes its legs on the recovery stroke and keeps them close together. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1901957">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>No Linux? No problem. Just get AI to hallucinate it for you</strong> - ChatGPT-generated command line can create virtual files, execute code, play games. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1902045">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pfizer seeks FDA greenlight for bivalent COVID dose in kids under 5 years</strong> - Bivalent vaccine wouldn’t be a booster, but part of an updated primary series. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1902183">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Syntax errors are the doom of us all, including botnet authors</strong> - A command typo might have dismantled most of an advanced malware’s network. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1902139">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Respiratory illnesses slam US: “Perfect storm for a terrible holiday season”</strong> - Respiratory illnesses are slamming the US, and things could get worse. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1902118">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The teacher asked the class to use the word “fascinate” in a sentence</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Molly put up her hand and said, “My family went to my granddad’s farm, and we all saw his pet sheep. It was fascinating.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The teacher said, “That was good, but I wanted you to use the word ‘fascinate,’ not ‘fascinating’.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Sally raised her hand. She said, “My family went to see Rock City and I was fascinated.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The teacher said, “Well, that was good Sally, but I wanted you to use the word ‘fascinate’.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Little Johnny raised his hand, but the teacher hesitated because she had been burned by Little Johnny before. She finally decided there was no way he could damage the word “fascinate,” so she called on him.
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Johnny said, “My aunt Carolyn has a sweater with ten buttons, but her tits are so big she can only fasten eight!”
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The teacher sat down and cried.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/My_Balls_Itch_123"> /u/My_Balls_Itch_123 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zdq0xg/the_teacher_asked_the_class_to_use_the_word/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zdq0xg/the_teacher_asked_the_class_to_use_the_word/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A man called his twin brother from prison.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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A man called his twin brother from prison.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Hey remember when we were kids and use to finish each other’s sentences?”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/AnalysisFrequent"> /u/AnalysisFrequent </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zdf01o/a_man_called_his_twin_brother_from_prison/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zdf01o/a_man_called_his_twin_brother_from_prison/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A blind pilot walks into a plane waving his walking stick</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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The passengers all look at each other in disbelief. The flight attendant gets on the PA and says,
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“Ladies and gentlemen, as you can see, the captain is legally blind, but rest assured, he is one of the best pilots in the world with over six thousand successful flights.”
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Next the co-pilot makes his way to the plane and he is also blind and uses his walking stick to make it to the cabin. The flight attendant gets on the PA and says,
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“Ladies and gentlemen, as you can see, the co-pilot is also blind, but rest assured, he is the second best pilot in the world with over five thousand successful flights.”
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At this point the plane begins to take off from the runway. As it gains speed, the passengers grow tenser. The plane keeps accelerating more and more and as it approaches the end of the runway, it still hasn’t left the ground. The plane is approaching the end of the runway at high speed and the passengers scream, “Oh my God, we’re all going to die!!”
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Suddenly, the plane takes off and begins its ascent.
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The pilot turns to the co-pilot and says, “The day they stop screaming, we’re screwed.”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Accomplished-Ice-644"> /u/Accomplished-Ice-644 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/ze1x2o/a_blind_pilot_walks_into_a_plane_waving_his/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/ze1x2o/a_blind_pilot_walks_into_a_plane_waving_his/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Putin dies and goes to hell. After a while, he’s given a day off for good behavior.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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So he goes to Moscow, enters a bar, orders a drink, and asks the bartender:
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-Is Crimea ours?
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-Yes, it is.
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-And the Donbas?
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-Also ours.
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-Kyiv?
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
-We got that too.
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Satisfied, he drinks and asks:
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-Thanks. How much do I owe you?
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
-5 euros, please.
</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/regwregarvfse"> /u/regwregarvfse </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zdegrj/putin_dies_and_goes_to_hell_after_a_while_hes/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zdegrj/putin_dies_and_goes_to_hell_after_a_while_hes/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A sadist, a masochist, a murderer, a necrophile, a zoophile and a pyromaniac</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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A sadist, a masochist, a murderer, a necrophile, a zoophile and a pyromaniac<br/> are all sitting on a bench in a mental institution,<br/> bored out of their minds.<br/> “How about having sex with a cat?” asked the zoophile.<br/> “Let’s have sex with a cat and then torture it,” said the sadist.<br/> … “Let’s have sex with a cat, torture it then kill it,” said the murderer.<br/> “Let’s have sex with a cat, torture it, kill it<br/> then fuck it again,” said the necrophile.<br/> “Let’s have sex with a cat, torture it, kill it, fuck it again,<br/> then set it on fire,” said the pyromaniac.<br/> Silence took over then the masochist says….<br/> “Meow?”
</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/dirtybird971"> /u/dirtybird971 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zd8qmo/a_sadist_a_masochist_a_murderer_a_necrophile_a/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/zd8qmo/a_sadist_a_masochist_a_murderer_a_necrophile_a/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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