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<title>13 August, 2022</title>
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<title>Covid-19 Sentry</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
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<li><strong>Comparison of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants in Australian children</strong> -
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<div>
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There is limited understanding of antibody responses in children across different SARS-CoV-2 variants. As part of an ongoing household cohort study, we assessed the antibody response among unvaccinated children infected with Wuhan, Delta or Omicron variants, as well as vaccinated children with breakthrough Omicron infection, using a SARS-CoV-2 S1-specific IgG assay and surrogate virus neutralisation test (sVNT). Most children infected with Delta (100%, 35/35) or Omicron (81.3%, 13/16) variants seroconverted by one month following infection. In contrast, 37.5% (21/56) children infected with Wuhan seroconverted, as previously reported. However, Omicron-infected children (GMC 46.4 BAU/ml; sVNT % inhibition: 16.3%) mounted a significantly lower antibody response than Delta (435.5 BAU/mL, sVNT=76.9%) or Wuhan (359.0 BAU/mL, sVNT=74.0%). Vaccinated children with breakthrough Omicron infection mounted the highest antibody response (2856 BAU/mL, sVNT=96.5%). Our findings suggest that despite a high seroconversion rate, Omicron infection in children results in lower antibody levels and function compared with Wuhan or Delta infection or with vaccinated children with breakthrough Omicron infection. Our data have important implications for public health measures and vaccination strategies to protect children.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.12.22278705v1" target="_blank">Comparison of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants in Australian children</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Longitudinal analysis of serum neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2, BA.4 and BA.5 in patients receiving monoclonal antibodies</strong> -
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<div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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The emergence of novel Omicron lineages, such as BA.5, may impact the therapeutic efficacy of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Here, we evaluated the neutralization and ADCC activity of 6 therapeutic mAbs against Delta, BA.2, BA.4 and BA.5 isolates. The Omicron sub-variants escaped most of the antibodies but remained sensitive to Bebtelovimab and Cilgavimab. Consistent with their shared spike sequence, BA.4 and BA.5 displayed identical neutralization profiles. Sotrovimab was the most efficient at eliciting ADCC. We also analyzed 121 sera from 40 immunocompromised individuals up to 6 months after infusion of 1200 mg of Ronapreve (Imdevimab + Casirivimab), and 300 or 600 mg of Evusheld (Cilgavimab + Tixagevimab). Sera from Ronapreve-treated individuals did not neutralize Omicron subvariants. Evusheld-treated individuals neutralized BA.2 and BA.5, but titers were reduced by 41- and 130-fold, respectively, compared to Delta. A longitudinal evaluation of sera from Evusheld-treated patients revealed a slow decay of mAb levels and neutralization. The decline was more rapid against BA.5. Our data shed light on the antiviral activities of therapeutic mAbs and the duration of effectiveness of Evusheld pre-exposure prophylaxis.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.12.22278699v1" target="_blank">Longitudinal analysis of serum neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2, BA.4 and BA.5 in patients receiving monoclonal antibodies</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 specific plasma cells acquire the phenotype of long-lived plasma cells in the human bone marrow</strong> -
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<div>
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Establishment of long-lived plasma cells (PC) in the bone marrow (BM) is important for the development of long-term specific humoral immunity. While SARS-CoV-2-specific, resting, affinity-matured, IgG-secreting plasma cells were described in human bone marrow approx. 6-7 months after infection or vaccination, the long-term durability of these PC remains unclear. We here show that approximately 20% of SARS-CoV-2-specific human BM plasma cells, including RBD-specific PC accommodate the phenotype of long-lived plasma cells, characterized by the lack of CD19 and/or CD45. This result provides evidence in support of the emergence of persistent SARS-CoV-2 specific plasma cells in humans sustaining the durable production of specific serum IgG protecting against severe courses of COVID-19.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.11.503574v1" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 specific plasma cells acquire the phenotype of long-lived plasma cells in the human bone marrow</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Memory B cell responses to Omicron subvariants after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA breakthrough infection</strong> -
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<div>
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Individuals that receive a 3rd mRNA vaccine dose show enhanced protection against severe COVID19 but little is known about the impact of breakthrough infections on memory responses. Here, we examine the memory antibodies that develop after a 3rd or 4th antigenic exposure by Delta or Omicron BA.1 infection, respectively. A 3rd exposure to antigen by Delta breakthrough increases the number of memory B cells that produce antibodies with comparable potency and breadth to a 3rd mRNA vaccine dose. A 4th antigenic exposure with Omicron BA.1 infection increased variant specific plasma antibody and memory B cell responses. However, the 4th exposure did not increase the overall frequency of memory B cells or their general potency or breadth compared to a 3rd mRNA vaccine dose. In conclusion, a 3rd antigenic exposure by Delta infection elicits strain-specific memory responses and increases in the overall potency and breadth of the memory B cells. In contrast, the effects of a 4th antigenic exposure with Omicron BA.1 is limited to increased strain specific memory with little effect on the potency or breadth of memory B cell antibodies. The results suggest that the effect of strain-specific boosting on memory B cell compartment may be limited.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.11.503601v1" target="_blank">Memory B cell responses to Omicron subvariants after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA breakthrough infection</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>The impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) related public-health measures on training behaviours of individuals previously participating in resistance training: A cross-sectional survey study</strong> -
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<div>
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Introduction: Understanding the impact of lockdown upon RT, and how people adapted their RT behaviours, is expected to have implications for strategies to maintain engagement in positive health behaviours such as this during- restrictive pandemic-related public health measures. Further, doing so will provide a baseline for investigation of the long-term effects of these measures upon behaviours and perceptions and facilitate future follow-up study. Objectives: To determine how the onset of coronavirus (COVID-19), and the associated ‘lockdown’, affected resistance training (RT) behaviours, in addition to motivation, perceived effectiveness, enjoyment, and intent to continue, in those who regularly performed resistance training RT prior to the pandemic. Methods: We conducted an observational, cross-sectional study using online surveys in multiple languages (English, Danish, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Slovakian, Swedish, and Japanese) distributed across social media platforms and through authors professional and personal networks. Adults (n = 5389 after data cleaning; median age = 31 years [interquartile range (IQR) = 25, 38]), who were previously engaged in RT prior to lockdown (median prior RT experience = 7 years [IQR = 4, 12]) participated. Outcomes were self-reported RT behaviours including: continuation of RT during lockdown, location of RT, purchase of specific equipment for RT, method of training (e.g. alone, supervision etc.), full-body or split routine, types of training, repetition ranges, exercise number, set volumes (per exercise and muscle group), weekly frequency of training, perception of effort, whether training was planned/recorded, time of day, and training goals. Secondary outcomes included motivation, perceived effectiveness, enjoyment, and intent to continue RT. Results: A majority of individuals (82.8%) maintained participation in some form of RT during- lockdown. Marginal probabilities from generalised linear models and generalised estimating equations of engaging in certain RT behaviours were largely similar from pre- to during- lockdown (particularly numbers of exercises, sets per exercise or muscle group, and weekly frequencies). There was reduced probability of training in privately owned gyms (~59% to ~7%) and increased probability of training at home (~18% to ~89%); greater probability of training using a full-body routine (~38% to ~51%); reduced probability of resistance machines (~66% to ~13%) and free weight use (~96% to ~81%), and increased probability of bodyweight training (~62% to ~82%); reduced probability of moderate repetition ranges (~62-82% to ~55-66%) and greater probability of higher repetition ranges (~27% to ~49%); and moderate reduction in the perception of effort experienced during- training (r = 0.31). Further, individuals were slightly less likely to plan or record training during- lockdown and many changed their training goals as a result of lockdown. Additionally, perceived effectiveness, enjoyment, and likelihood of continuing current training were all lower during- lockdown. Conclusions: Those engaged in RT prior to lockdown appeared mostly able to maintain these behaviours with only slight adaptations in both the location and types of training performed. However, people employed less effort, had lower motivation, and perceived training as less effective and enjoyable, reporting that their likelihood of continuing current training was similar or lower than pre- lockdown. These results have implications for strategies to maintain engagement in positive health behaviours such as RT during- restrictive pandemic-related public health measures.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/sportrxiv/b8s7e/" target="_blank">The impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) related public-health measures on training behaviours of individuals previously participating in resistance training: A cross-sectional survey study</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>The emergence of high-fitness variants accelerates the decay of genome heterogeneity in the coronavirus</strong> -
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<div>
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Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus accumulated an important amount of genome compositional heterogeneity through mutation and recombination, which can be summarized by means of a measure of Sequence Compositional Complexity (SCC). To test evolutionary trends that could inform us on the adaptive process of the virus to its human host, we compute SCC in high-quality coronavirus genomes from across the globe, covering the full span of the pandemic. By using phylogenetic ridge regression, we find trends for SCC in the short time-span of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic expansion. In early samples, we find no statistical support for any trend in SCC values over time, although the virus genome appears to evolve faster than Brownian Motion expectation. However, in samples taken after the emergence of Variants of Concern with higher transmissibility, and controlling for phylogenetic and sampling effects, we detect a declining trend for SCC and an increasing one for its absolute evolutionary rate. This means that the decay in SCC itself accelerated over time, and that increasing fitness of variant genomes lead to a reduction of their genome sequence heterogeneity. Therefore, our work shows that phylogenetic trends, typical of macroevolutionary time scales, can be also revealed on the shorter time spans typical of viral genomes.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.06.467547v2" target="_blank">The emergence of high-fitness variants accelerates the decay of genome heterogeneity in the coronavirus</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Measuring and validating spatial accessibility to Covid-19 vaccination sites: a case study in England</strong> -
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<div>
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The global Covid-19 pandemic has caused numerous deaths and illnesses and posed unprecedented social and economic challenges to many countries. One of the key strategies to contain the pandemic is mass vaccination. While it is essential to ensure safe and easy accessibility to Covid-19 vaccines for all communities, limited research has been carried out to understand and validate the spatial accessibility of these vaccines. This study addresses this gap by measuring and validating the spatial accessibility to Covid-19 vaccines with a particular focus on England, United Kingdom. More specifically, we compare three floating catchment area (FCA) methods with differing parameters for measuring the small-scale spatial accessibility to vaccination services. Then, we calibrate these accessibility measurements using a beta regression model and the reported vaccination uptake rates. The results show that the three-step FCA method with a distance parameter of 30 miles is the optimal model for measuring the spatial accessibility to Covid-19 vaccines. The findings provide an improved understanding of the spatial inequality of vaccine services. Further, the framework of calibrating spatial accessibility to vaccine services is generalisable to other types of healthcare services.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/xvnps/" target="_blank">Measuring and validating spatial accessibility to Covid-19 vaccination sites: a case study in England</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>COVID-19 convalescent plasma for the treatment of immunocompromised patients: a systematic review.</strong> -
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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Immunosuppressed patients have increased risk for morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 because they less frequently mount antibody responses to vaccines and often cannot tolerate small-molecule antivirals. The Omicron variant of concern of SARS-CoV-2 has progressively defeated anti-Spike mAbs authorized so far, paving the way to a return to COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) therapy. In this systematic review we performed a metanalysis of 8 controlled studies (totaling 469 treated patients and 1305 controls and including 3 randomized controlled trials), an individual patient data analysis of 125 case reports/series (totaling 265 patients), and a descriptive analysis of 13 uncontrolled large case series without individual patient data available (totaling 358 patients). The metanalysis of controlled studies showed a risk ratio for mortality of 0.63 (0.58 in randomized controlled trials) in treatment with CCP versus standard of care for immunosuppressed COVID-19 patients. On the basis of this evidence, we encourage initiation of high-titer CCP from vaccinees (hybrid plasma) in immunocompromised patients.
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</p>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.03.22278359v3" target="_blank">COVID-19 convalescent plasma for the treatment of immunocompromised patients: a systematic review.</a>
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</div></li>
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<li>**HLA-A*01:01 allele vanishing in COVID-19 patients population associated with non-structural epitope abundance in CD8+ T-cell repertoire** -
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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In mid-2021, the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant caused the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in several countries worldwide. The pivotal studies were aimed at studying changes in the efficiency of neutralizing antibodies to the spike protein. However, much less attention was paid to the T-cell response and the presentation of virus peptides by MHC-I molecules. In this study, we compared the features of the HLA-I genotype in symptomatic patients with COVID-19 in the first and third waves of the pandemic. As a result, we could identify the vanishing of carriers of the HLA-A<em>01:01 allele in the third wave and demonstrate the unique properties of this allele. Thus, HLA-A</em>01:01-binding immunodominant epitopes are mostly derived from ORF1ab. A set of epitopes from ORF1ab was tested, and their high immunogenicity was confirmed. Moreover, analysis of the results of single-cell phenotyping of T-cells in recovered patients showed that the predominant phenotype in HLA-A*01:01 carriers is central memory T-cells. The predominance of T-lymphocytes of this phenotype may contribute to forming long-term T-cell immunity in carriers of this allele. Our results can be the basis for highly effective vaccines based on ORF1ab peptides.
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</p>
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.05.22277214v2" target="_blank">HLA-A*01:01 allele vanishing in COVID-19 patients population associated with non-structural epitope abundance in CD8+ T-cell repertoire</a>
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<li><strong>Population disruption: estimating changes in population distribution in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic</strong> -
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Mobility data have demonstrated major changes in human movement patterns in response to COVID-19 and associated interventions in many countries. This can involve sub-national redistribution, short-term relocations as well as international migration. In this paper, we combine detailed location data from Facebook measuring the location of approximately 6 million daily active Facebook users in 5km2 tiles in the UK with census-derived population estimates to measure population mobility and redistribution. We provide time-varying population estimates and assess spatial population changes with respect to population density and four key reference dates in 2020 (First lockdown, End of term, Beginning of term, Christmas). We also show how population estimates derived from the distribution of Facebook users vary compared to mid-2020 small area population estimates by the UK national statistics agencies. We estimate that between March 2020 and March 2021, the total population of the UK declined and we identify important spatial variations in this population change, showing that low-density areas have experienced lower population decreases than urban areas. We estimate that, for the top 10% highest population tiles, the population has decreased by 6.6%. Further, we provide evidence that geographic redistributions of population within the UK coincide with dates of non-pharmaceutical interventions including lockdowns and movement restrictions, as well as seasonal patterns of migration around holiday dates. The methods used in this study reveal significant changes in population distribution at high spatial and temporal resolutions that have not previously been quantified by available demographic surveys in the UK. We found early indicators of potential longer-term changes in the population distribution of the UK although it is not clear if these changes may persist after the COVID-19 pandemic.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.22.21259336v2" target="_blank">Population disruption: estimating changes in population distribution in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic</a>
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<li><strong>Investigating orthographic versus auditory cross-situational word learning with online and lab-based research</strong> -
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In recent years, cross-situational word learning (CSWL) paradigms have shown that novel words can be learned through implicit statistical learning. So far, CSWL studies using adult populations have focused on the presentation of spoken words (auditory information), however, words can also be learned through their written form (orthographic information). This study compares auditory and orthographic presentation of novel words with different degrees of phonological overlap using the CSWL paradigm. Additionally, we also present a lab-based and online-based approach to testing behavioural experiments. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, lab testing was prematurely terminated, and testing was continued online using a newly created online testing protocol. Analyses first compared accuracy and response times across modalities, with our findings showing better and faster recognition performance for CSWL when novel words are presented through their written (orthographic condition) than through their spoken forms (auditory condition). As well, Bayesian modelling found that accuracy for the auditory condition was higher online compared to the lab-based experiment, whereas performance in the orthography condition was high in both experiments and generally outperformed the auditory condition. We discuss the implications of our findings for modality of presentation, as well as the benefits of our online testing protocol and its implementation for future research.
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</div>
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/tpn5e/" target="_blank">Investigating orthographic versus auditory cross-situational word learning with online and lab-based research</a>
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<li><strong>Partisan Selectivity in Blame Attribution: Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic</strong> -
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<div>
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Crises and disasters give voters an opportunity to observe the incumbent’s response and reward or punish them for successes and failures. Yet even when voters perceive events similarly, they tend to attribute responsibility selectively, disproportionately crediting their party for positive developments and blaming opponents for negative developments. We examine selective attribution during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, reporting three key findings. First, selective attribution rapidly emerged during the first weeks of the pandemic, a time in which Democrats and Republicans were otherwise updating their perceptions and behavior in parallel. Second, selective attribution is caused by individual-level changes in perceptions of the pandemic. Third, existing research has been too quick to explain selective attribution in terms of partisan-motivated reasoning. We find stronger evidence for an explanation rooted in beliefs about presidential competence. This recasts selective attribution’s implications for democratic accountability.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/t8xar/" target="_blank">Partisan Selectivity in Blame Attribution: Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic</a>
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<li><strong>Estimation of the Total Number of Infected Cases in the 5th Wave of COVID-19 in Hong Kong</strong> -
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The total number of infected cases in a region in an epidemic is an important measure of the severity of the disease. With the increase in the number of infected people, the number of susceptible people will be reduced, and the recovery number is increased. The present study attempts to estimate the total number of infected cases in the 5th wave of COVID-19 in Hong Kong based on the daily additional cases supplied by the government based on two test schemes. Scheme 1 covers citizens suspected to be infected as referred by medical professionals, or requested or reported by citizens themselves, those returning from overseas, and those in close contact with the infected persons. Scheme 2 covers residents in buildings with a high concentration of virus in sewage. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and then rapid antigen test (RAT) after 26 February 2022 were accepted by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Government in confirming infected cases. The number of infected cases in these two schemes were compared. A prediction model on infection case was proposed based on the transient daily infection curves. The averaged recovery number was estimated by assuming a 10-day infection period, including an incubation period of 5 days, and another 5 days for recovery. The transient number of infected, susceptible, recovered people were then presented. An adjustment factor to extend the scenario to the whole population of 7 million in Hong Kong was estimated and applied to study infection number in Hong Kong. Further, it appears that the infection number at the later stage of the 5th wave is weak around end July 2022. However, the number stayed at a constant value in comparing with rapid rise at the early stage in February 2022, even though the gathering activities were kept normal.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.12.22278708v1" target="_blank">Estimation of the Total Number of Infected Cases in the 5th Wave of COVID-19 in Hong Kong</a>
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<li><strong>An evaluation of the early impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Zambia’s routine immunization program</strong> -
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Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for both populations and healthcare systems are vast. In addition to morbidity and mortality from COVID-19, the pandemic also has disrupted local health systems, including reductions or delays in routine vaccination services and catch-up vaccination campaigns that could lead to outbreaks of other infectious diseases that result in an additional burden of disease and strain on the healthcare system. We evaluated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Zambia9s routine childhood immunization program in 2020 using multiple sources of data. We relied on district-level administrative vaccination coverage data and Zambia9s 2018 Demographic and Health Survey to project disruptions to routine childhood vaccination within the pandemic year 2020 (N=5,670). Next, we leveraged serological data to predict age-specific measles seroprevalence and assessed the impact of changes in vaccination coverage on measles outbreak risk in each district. We found minor disruptions to routine administration of measles-rubella and pentavalent vaccines in 2020. This was in part due to Zambia9s Child Health Week held in June of 2020 which helped to reach children missed during the first six months of the year. We estimated that the two-month delay in a measles-rubella vaccination campaign, originally planned for September of 2020 but conducted in November of 2020 as a result of the pandemic, had little impact on modeled district-specific measles outbreak risks. The pandemic only minimally increased the number of children missed by measles-rubella and pentavalent vaccines in 2020. However, the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 transmission since our analysis concluded means efforts to maintain routine immunization services and minimize the risk of measles outbreaks will continue to be critical. Fortunately, the methodological framework developed in this analysis relied on routinely collected data and can be used to evaluate COVID-19 pandemic disruptions in Zambia following 2020 and in other countries or for other vaccines at a sub-national level.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.12.22278710v1" target="_blank">An evaluation of the early impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Zambia’s routine immunization program</a>
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<li><strong>Risk factors for COVID-19 hospitalization or death during the first Omicron surge in adults: a large population-based case-control study</strong> -
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Background: Description of risk factors of severe acute COVID-19 outcomes with the consideration of vaccination status in the era of the Omicron variant of concern are limited. Objectives: To examine the association of age, sex, underlying medical conditions, and COVID-19 vaccination with hospitalization, intensive-care unit (ICU) admission, or death due to the disease, using data from a period when Omicron was the dominant strain. Methods: A population-based case-control study based on administrative health data, that included confirmed COVID-19 patients during January (2022) in Alberta, Canada. Patients who were non-residents, without the provincial healthcare insurance coverage, or <=18 years of age were excluded. Patients with any severe outcome were the cases; and those without any hospitalization, ICU admission, or death were controls. Adjusted odds ratios, of the explanatory factors of a severe outcome, were estimated using a logistic regression model. Results: There were 90,989 COVID-19 patients included in the analysis; 2% had severe outcomes and 98% were included in the control group. Overall, more COVID patients were found in the younger age-groups (72.0% <=49 years old), females (56.5%), with no underlying conditions (59.5%), and fully vaccinated patients (90.4%). However, the adjusted odds ratios were highest in the 70-79 age group (28.32; 95% CI 20.6-38.9) or among >=80 years old (29.8; 21.6-41.0), males (1.4; 1.3-1.6); unvaccinated (16.1; 13.8-18.8), or patients with >=3 underlying conditions (13.1; 10.9-15.8). Conclusion: Higher risk of severe acute COVID-19 outcomes were associated with older age, the male sex, and increased number of underlying medical conditions. Unvaccination or undervaccination remained as the greatest modifiable risk factor in prevention of severe COVID outcomes. These findings help inform medical decisions and allocation of scarce healthcare resources.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
|
||||
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.11.22278682v1" target="_blank">Risk factors for COVID-19 hospitalization or death during the first Omicron surge in adults: a large population-based case-control study</a>
|
||||
</div></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
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||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Measure the Amount of Study Medicine in Blood in Adult Participants With COVID-19 and Severe Kidney Disease</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Drug: PF-07321332 (nirmatrelvir)/ritonavir<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Pfizer<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cognitive Rehabilitation in Post-COVID-19 Condition</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Behavioral: Goal Management Training (GMT)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital; University of Oslo; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; University of Toronto; UiT The Arctic University of Norway; Oslo University Hospital<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study of Booster Immunization With COVID-19 Vaccine,Inactivated Co -Administration With Influenza Vaccine and Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: Adult group in immunogenicity and safety study of combined immunization; Biological: Elderly group in immunogenicity and safety study of combined immunization; Biological: Adult group in safety observation study of combined immunization; Biological: Elderly group in safety observation study of combined immunization<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Temelimab as a Disease Modifying Therapy in Patients With Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Post-COVID 19 or PASC Syndrome</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Post-COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Temelimab 54mg/kg; Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: GeNeuro SA<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Addressing Vaccine Hesitancy and Increasing COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Among African American Young Adults in the South</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; Vaccine Uptake<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Behavioral: Tough Talks COVID<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; University of Alabama at Birmingham; National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD)<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>rSIFN-co Among Healthy Subjects and Subjects With Mild or Asymptomatic COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: rSIFN-co Nasal Spray; Drug: Placebo Nasal Spray<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Sichuan Huiyang Life Science and Technology Corporation<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>EFFECTS OF INSPIRATORY MUSCLE TRAINING IN POST-COVID-19 PATIENTS</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Other: TREATMENT GROUP (TG); Other: CONTROL GROUP (CG)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: University Vila Velha<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
|
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Long-term Effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the Central Nervous System and One-year Follow-up of “Long COVID-19” Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Long Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Diagnostic Test: Perfusion brain scintigraphy imaging<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Brugmann University Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Active Cycle Of Breathing Technique Verses Breathing Exercises In Post ICU COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Post Covid-19 Patients<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Other: Chest physiotherapy with breathing exercises and ACBT; Other: Chest physiotherapy with breathing exercises<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Riphah International University<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluation of Safety and Immunogenicity of the Recombinant ZR202-CoV and ZR202a-CoV Vaccines in Adults.</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: SARS-CoV-2 Infection; COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: ZR202-CoV; Biological: ZR202a-CoV; Biological: Comirnaty®<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Shanghai Zerun Biotechnology Co.,Ltd<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>This Trial is a Clinical Performance Validation Study That Will Evaluate the Clinical Agreement of the Sky Medical™ Rapid Antigen Test Comparing the Antigen Rapid Test to RT-PCR</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; Sars-CoV-2 Infection<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Diagnostic Test: Sky Medical™ Rapid Antigen Test<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Sky Medical Supplies & Equipments, LLC<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Effect of Pilates on Biopsychosocial Characteristics in the Covid-19 Pandemic</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; Healthy; Sedentary; Exercise; Pilates<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: Sedantary; Behavioral: Exercise therapy<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Medipol University<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>BERRY- a Study of Sambucol ® in the Treatment, and Reduction of Symptoms in Participants With Coronavirus 19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Dietary Supplement: Sambucol® Black Elderberry Original (Sambucus nigra) Liquid; Dietary Supplement: Placebo for Sambucol® Black Elderberry Original (Sambucus nigra)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Clinical Study of F61 Injection in Healthy Chinese Subjects</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: F61 injection; Drug: F61 Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Effect Of Distraction Methods On Fear And Anxiety In Children Before The Covid 19 Test</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Anxiety; Fear<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: The Kaleidescope; Behavioral: The visual illusion cards<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Ondokuz Mayıs University<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
|
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<ul>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Modeling SARS-CoV-2 and influenza infections and antiviral treatments in human lung epithelial tissue equivalents</strong> - There is a critical need for physiologically relevant, robust, and ready-to-use in vitro cellular assay platforms to rapidly model the infectivity of emerging viruses and develop new antiviral treatments. Here we describe the cellular complexity of human alveolar and tracheobronchial air liquid interface (ALI) tissue models during SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus (IAV) infections. Our results showed that both SARS-CoV-2 and IAV effectively infect these ALI tissues, with SARS-CoV-2 exhibiting a…</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Structure-Based Identification of Naphthoquinones and Derivatives as Novel Inhibitors of Main Protease M<sup>pro</sup> and Papain-like Protease PL<sup>pro</sup> of SARS-CoV-2</strong> - The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 urgently demands novel direct antiviral treatments. The main protease (M^(pro)) and papain-like protease (PL^(pro)) are attractive drug targets among coronaviruses due to their essential role in processing the polyproteins translated from the viral RNA. In this study, we virtually screened 688 naphthoquinoidal compounds and derivatives against M^(pro) of SARS-CoV-2. Twenty-four derivatives were selected and evaluated in…</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 infection and C1-esterase inhibitor: Camouflage pattern and new perspective</strong> - In Covid-19, the pathological effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection is arbitrated through direct viral toxicity, unusual immune response, endothelial dysfunction, deregulated renin-angiotensin system [RAS], and thrombo-inflammation leading to acute lung injury [ALI], with a succession of acute respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS] in critical conditions. C1 esterase inhibitor [C1INH] is a protease inhibitor that inhibits the spontaneous activation of complement and contact systems and kinin pathway,…</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The effect of reparixin on survival in patients at high risk for in-hospital mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized trials</strong> - CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis of randomized trials suggests that short-term inhibition of CXCL8 activity improved survival in patients at high risk for in-hospital mortality without increasing the risk of infection.</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Phytochemical Discrimination, Biological Activity and Molecular Docking of Water-Soluble Inhibitors from <em>Saussurea costus</em> Herb against Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2</strong> - Siddha medicine is one of the oldest medical systems in the world and is believed to have originated more than 10,000 years ago and is prevalent across ancient Tamil land. It is undeniable that inhibitor preferences rise with increasing solubility in water due to the considerations pertaining to the bioavailability and the ease of which unabsorbed residues can be disposed of. In this study, we showed the phytochemical discrimination of Saussurea costus extracted with water at room temperature as…</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Antiviral and Antibacterial Effect of Honey Enriched with <em>Rubus</em> spp. as a Functional Food with Enhanced Antioxidant Properties</strong> - The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of blackberry and raspberry fruits (1 and 4%) and leaves (0.5 and 1%) on the biological activities of rape honey. Honey and plant material extracts were analyzed regarding total phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin contents, HPTLC and HPLC polyphenol profiles, as well as antioxidant activity. The antiviral potential was analyzed against bacteriophage phi 6-a coronavirus surrogate-whereas antimicrobial was tested against S. aureus and E. coli….</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Actions of Novel Angiotensin Receptor Blocking Drugs, Bisartans, Relevant for COVID-19 Therapy: Biased Agonism at Angiotensin Receptors and the Beneficial Effects of Neprilysin in the Renin Angiotensin System</strong> - Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) used in the treatment of hypertension and potentially in SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibit inverse agonist effects at angiotensin AR1 receptors, suggesting the receptor may have evolved to accommodate naturally occurring angiotensin ‘antipeptides’. Screening of the human genome has identified a peptide (EGVYVHPV) encoded by mRNA, complementary to that encoding ANG II itself, which is an inverse agonist. Thus, opposite strands of DNA encode peptides with opposite…</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Textiles Functionalized with Copper Oxides: A Sustainable Option for Prevention of COVID-19</strong> - COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) represent severe problems in health centers and public areas. Polyester/cotton (PES/CO) blend fabrics have been functionalized with copper oxides on an industrial scale. For functionalization, the impregnation dyeing technique was applied. The functionalized samples were tested virologically against SARS-CoV-2 and human coronavirus (229E) according to ISO 18184-2019 and…</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Isolation and In Silico Inhibitory Potential against SARS-CoV-2 RNA Polymerase of the Rare Kaempferol 3-<em>O</em>-(6″-<em>O</em>-acetyl)-Glucoside from <em>Calligonum tetrapterum</em></strong> - The phytochemical constituents of Calligonum tetrapterum Jaub. & Spach (Family Polygonaceae) were studied for the first time. The study resulted in the isolation of the rare flavonol glycoside, kaempferol 3-O-(6″-O-acetyl)-glucoside,(K3G-A). The potential inhibitive activity of K3G-A toward SARS-CoV-2 was investigated utilizing several in silico approaches. First, molecular fingerprints and structural similarity experiments were carried out for K3G-A against nine co-crystallized ligands of nine…</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Systematic Study on the Optimal Nucleotide Analogue Concentration and Rate Limiting Nucleotide of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase</strong> - The current COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the necessity of more efficient antiviral compounds. The antiviral efficacy of adenosine-based analogs, the main repurposed drugs for SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibition, is mainly assessed through in vitro or cell-free polymerization assays, under arbitrary conditions that do not reflect the physiological environment. We show that SARS-CoV-2 RdRp inhibition efficiency of remdesivir and cordycepin, two common adenosine analogs,…</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Serum of Post-COVID-19 Syndrome Patients with or without ME/CFS Differentially Affects Endothelial Cell Function In Vitro</strong> - A proportion of COVID-19 reconvalescent patients develop post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) including a subgroup fulfilling diagnostic criteria of Myalgic encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (PCS/CFS). Recently, endothelial dysfunction (ED) has been demonstrated in these patients, but the mechanisms remain elusive. Therefore, we investigated the effects of patients’ sera on endothelia cells (ECs) in vitro. PCS (n = 17), PCS/CFS (n = 13), and healthy controls (HC, n = 14) were screened for serum…</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Innate Immune Response and Inflammasome Activation During SARS-CoV-2 Infection</strong> - The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the COVID-19 outbreak, has become a pandemic threatening millions of lives worldwide. Recently, several vaccine candidates and drugs have shown promising effects in preventing or treating COVID-19, but due to the development of mutant strains through rapid viral evolution, urgent investigations are warranted in order to develop preventive measures and further improve current vaccine candidates. Positive-sense-single-stranded RNA viruses comprise…</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Antiviral activity of natural phenolic compounds in complex at an allosteric site of SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro) covers multiple functions. Beside the cysteine-protease activity, facilitating cleavage of the viral polypeptide chain, PLpro has the additional and vital function of removing ubiquitin and ISG15 (Interferon-stimulated gene 15) from host-cell proteins to support coronaviruses in evading the host’s innate immune responses. We identified three phenolic compounds bound to PLpro, preventing essential molecular interactions to ISG15 by screening a natural…</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Consensus statement on blocking interleukin-6 receptor and interleukin-6 in inflammatory conditions: an update</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: The document provides a comprehensive consensus on the use of IL-6 inhibition to treat inflammatory disorders to inform healthcare professionals (including researchers), patients, administrators and payers.</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>An engineered SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain produced in Pichia pastoris as a candidate vaccine antigen</strong> - Developing affordable and easily manufactured SARS-CoV-2 vaccines will be essential to achieve worldwide vaccine coverage and long-term control of the COVID-19 pandemic. Here the development is reported of a vaccine based on the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD), produced in the yeast Pichia pastoris. The RBD was modified by adding flexible N- and C-terminal amino acid extensions that modulate protein/protein interactions and facilitate protein purification. A fed-batch methanol…</p></li>
|
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
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||||
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
|
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<ul>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What the F.B.I.’s Raid of Mar-a-Lago Could Mean for Trump</strong> - A former federal prosecutor and general counsel for the F.B.I. explains the process and implications of obtaining a search warrant on the home of a former President. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/what-the-fbis-raid-of-mar-a-lago-could-mean-for-trump">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Democrats Finally Deliver</strong> - The Senate’s passage of a sweeping, if imperfect, climate-change-and-health-care bill is a landmark moment in U.S. policymaking. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-democrats-finally-deliver">link</a></p></li>
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||||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How Hurricanes Get Their Names</strong> - In an age of more intense storms, forecasters explain their aims. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/how-hurricanes-get-their-names">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Exhibit A of Trump’s Recklessness</strong> - The classified documents recovered by federal agents at the former President’s Mar-a-Lago estate add to the picture of his out-of-control behavior after he lost the 2020 election. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/exhibit-a-of-trumps-recklessness">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Sound of Electric Cars, and Elizabeth Kolbert on a Historic Climate Bill</strong> - Electric cars are nearly silent; that’s a problem sound designers can fix. Plus, the Pulitzer Prize-winning climate journalist on what the Inflation Reduction Act means for the planet. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/podcast/the-new-yorker-radio-hour/the-sound-of-electric-cars-and-elizabeth-kolbert-on-a-historic-climate-bill">link</a></p></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>The power of listening, explained (to kids)</strong> -
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<img alt="England v Sweden: Semi Final - UEFA Women’s EURO 2022" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/9JIzacwD2As8cyn6d14n1aWSWtU=/77x0:4941x3648/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71239413/1411260508.0.jpg"/>
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<figcaption>
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Naomi Baker/Getty Images
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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Today, Explained to Kids explores how hearing works and why actively listening with empathy is key to resolving arguments between friends.
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</p>
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<a href="https://www.vox.com/today-explained-to-kids"><em>Today, Explained to Kids</em></a><em> </em>is back for a second season. In each episode of this Vox podcast, a group of friends takes a journey to the Island of Explained. Kids (and adults) come along to explore the magical island and meet its whimsical inhabitants, all while tackling some of the biggest questions in the world. This summer, we’ll answer questions about how to make the future better through the way we eat, care for our environment, listen to each other, and more.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9gYKU0">
|
||||
In <em>Today, Explained to Kids: You’re not LISTENING!,</em> Kiarra and Izii are having an argument when they are unexpectedly transported to the Island of Explained. There, they meet an Engin-Ear and a magical unicorn who teach them how hearing works and why actively listening with empathy is key to resolving arguments between friends.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bzHlgP">
|
||||
<a href="https://link.chtbl.com/texkids">Listen to the episode</a> with the young people in your life — or just because — and then come back here to download our <a href="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23939257/081122_VOX_Episode3.pdf">educational activities</a> that build on what we learned in the episode. Thanks to early childhood education specialist Rachel Giannini for developing our learning materials!
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<div id="LziVKJ">
|
||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5s0zS6">
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sOheBX">
|
||||
You can also read the <a href="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23936274/Today__Explained_to_Kids__S2_E3_You_re_not_LISTENING__Final_Script.pdf">full transcript of this episode</a> below:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<div id="5YjdFQ">
|
||||
<div style="width: 100%; height: 0;">
|
||||
|
||||
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||||
</div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="q2UGif">
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="33vt3T">
|
||||
And listen to more <a href="https://www.vox.com/today-explained-to-kids"><em>Today, Explained to Kids</em></a><em> </em>episodes:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<div id="7Ovxe0">
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
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||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="d39rIJ">
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</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KFg5i8">
|
||||
For season two, <em>Today, Explained to Kids</em> is teaming up with KiwiCo to bring four new episodes to life with <a href="https://www.kiwico.com/mlp/vox">fun and enriching home-based activities</a> to create a seamless listening and hands-on experience.
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><strong>A second Trader Joe’s just unionized. It could be the next Starbucks.</strong> -
|
||||
<figure>
|
||||
<img alt="A Trader Joe’s grocery store exterior." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/uc9_5NjkA1cia0DuvpwIis-jRu8=/0x0:4303x3227/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71239296/GettyImages_492615170a.0.jpg"/>
|
||||
<figcaption>
|
||||
A Trader Joe’s in Buffalo, New York, in 2015. | Melissa Renwick/Toronto Star via Getty Images
|
||||
</figcaption>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
The grocery chain is now famous for Hawaiian shirts, frozen foods, and union jobs.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OuqyEj">
|
||||
A Trader Joe’s in downtown Minneapolis became <a href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/trader-joes-workers-unionize-second-store-minneapolis_n_62f4181ae4b095e7887d1c38">the second unionized location</a> in the US on Friday, less than a month after a Massachusetts location <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/28/business/trader-joes-union.html">became the first</a>. One in <a href="https://www.denverpost.com/2022/07/27/boulder-trader-joes-unionization/">Boulder</a>, Colorado, could be next, bringing the effort to unionize the grocery chain across the country. There will likely be many more in between.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Km07vQ">
|
||||
This could be the start of a mass union effort at Trader Joe’s in which victory leads to victory, and unions become a reality for America’s retail and hospitality workers, who are among the lowest paid.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GrcNgr">
|
||||
In other words, Trader Joe’s could be the next <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/22993509/starbucks-successful-union-drive">Starbucks</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZycjLN">
|
||||
After a Starbucks in Buffalo, New York, became the first company-owned location to unionize last December, more than 215 other stores around the country have done the same. That initial win set off a chain reaction of Starbucks workers working together to share notes on how more locations could organize. Workers explained the unionization process, shared tips with their colleagues, and told would-be union members what anti-union tactics to expect from the company. The strategy seems to be paying off, as more Starbucks employees join union ranks every week.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6MjnpU">
|
||||
“That’s our vision. That’s what we want,” Sarah Beth Ryther, a worker at the Minneapolis Trader Joe’s, told Recode last week ahead of the union vote. “We really and truly are interested in creating a larger movement because we are all going through the same things.”
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="khVcEx">
|
||||
Trader Joe’s, a California-headquartered grocery chain known for outfitting employees in Hawaiian shirts and offering higher-end goods at lower-end prices, has more than 500 locations in more than 40 US states. Workers at the two newly unionized locations say they’ve heard from peers interested in unionizing in every state where there’s a Trader Joe’s.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Gb91lR">
|
||||
There’s a reason, workers say, that more than 50 years after Trader Joe’s was founded, three separate stores all got the idea to unionize pretty much at once. The company’s retail employees nationwide are facing the same issues regarding worker safety, pay that’s no longer competitive, and benefits that aren’t as good as they used to be.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WqVPtm">
|
||||
“Trader Joe’s earned the reputation they have for being a good place to work by taking care of us and listening to us,” said Woody Hoagland, who’s been at Trader Joe’s for 14 years and whose store in Massachusetts was the first to unionize. “Then it started to slowly get chipped away and it really took a pretty precipitous fall during the pandemic.”
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AG7lCq">
|
||||
Hoagland explained that making $24 an hour, which is near the maximum he can get at a Trader Joe’s store in his area, still makes it very difficult to pay rent on<strong> </strong>an apartment for himself and his two kids. As the cost of goods has risen much faster than wages, he says, Trader Joe’s is no longer offering a living wage. Meanwhile, in recent years the company has minimized its retirement benefits and raised requirements to receive health care, while their jobs have become more dangerous thanks to the pandemic.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3G8G4V">
|
||||
The other big reason Trader Joe’s is unionizing now, of course, is the organizing activity at Starbucks. The recent spate of successful unionizations at the coffee giant showed workers at Trader Joe’s that it was possible for them too. And there are a lot of similarities between the two companies.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="REnm5r">
|
||||
As people have historically done at Starbucks, many came to work for Trader Joe’s because of the reputation it had for being a good place to work. Like Starbucks workers, Trader Joe’s employees became inadvertent front-line workers, who forged tight bonds with coworkers over their shared experiences working in person during the pandemic. Trader Joe’s and Starbucks organizers both say they’re trying to hold their companies to the higher standard the companies themselves have set, lest they become just as bad as other retailers. Even their demands are similar: better pay, better benefits, more safety precautions, and a bigger say in how the store is run.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ocgqdM">
|
||||
Trader Joe’s did not respond to a request for comment.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iFHiSK">
|
||||
Workers at Trader Joe’s and Starbucks also say they need unions to claw back worker protections that eroded as the highly unionized manufacturing economy gave way to the low-paying service industry. The pandemic brought an already bad situation to a boiling point and spurred workers to fight back. A tight job market means workers have <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/23203511/recession-job-market-hiring-layoffs-benefits">more leverage now</a> than they have had in recent history. And pro-union sentiment makes now as good a time as any to change things.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hqFppY">
|
||||
Some 70 percent of non-union workers said they’d join a union at their primary workplace in a new <a href="https://www.jobcase.com/newsroom/union-survey-22/">survey</a> by career services site Jobcase. Of these skilled and hourly workers, 41 percent said they’re more likely to do so now than they would have been three years ago. A <a href="https://news.gallup.com/poll/354455/approval-labor-unions-highest-point-1965.aspx">Gallup poll</a> last year found the highest approval rate for unions in nearly 60 years. And union filing petitions were up 57 percent in the first half of fiscal year 2022 compared with 2021, according to the <a href="https://www.nlrb.gov/news-outreach/news-story/union-election-petitions-increase-57-in-first-half-of-fiscal-year-2022">National Labor Relations Board</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uGle7p">
|
||||
It’s a long journey, though, from filing for a union to actually getting one. First, a majority of workers at a particular store need to vote in favor of a union, which itself isn’t an easy task since the company can use workers’ time on the job to convince them otherwise. And if the workers organizing do win the vote, the union and company then have to negotiate a contract, which both have to agree to — a <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/23013840/starbucks-amazon-union-votes-contract">process that can be lengthy</a> if it happens at all.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8Jeekj">
|
||||
And while Trader Joe’s bears many similarities to Starbucks — both progressive companies that have resorted to union-busting tactics, their employees say — there are differences, too. Trader Joe’s stores are typically much larger than Starbucks. The unionized Trader Joe’s locations, for instance, have about 80 employees, while a typical Starbucks has around 25. Union organizers say it’s much easier to organize small groups because it’s more intimate and easy to connect one-on-one.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SQBlLu">
|
||||
The first two Trader Joe’s unions have organized under an independent union, Trader Joe’s United, similar to how <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/23005336/amazon-union-new-york-warehouse">Amazon workers in Staten Island founded their own union</a>. That independent status helps avoid criticism that these union movements are being forced from the outside. (The Trader Joe’s location in Boulder has joined forces with a much larger existing union, the United Food and Commercial Workers). Meanwhile, Starbucks stores are unionizing under the umbrella of Workers United, an affiliate of the Service Employees International Union. Still, these Starbucks employees say their union is very much worker-led, even if it leans on another union for help.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="l4n5Os">
|
||||
The differences, however, aren’t stopping Trader Joe’s and Starbucks workers from trying to support each other’s efforts. Unionized workers at a nearby Starbucks showed up to support Minneapolis Trader Joe’s workers at their <a href="https://minnesotareformer.com/2022/08/05/minneapolis-trader-joes-workers-to-vote-on-becoming-nations-second-unionized-store/">rally last week</a>, and Trader Joe’s United has been broadly supportive of Starbucks’ organizing efforts.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="S25Q4d">
|
||||
“They showed up for us, and we’ll show up for them,” Ryther said.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pzEyuj">
|
||||
More importantly, Trader Joe’s workers around the country are reaching out to one another, offering advice, exchanging tips, and hoping their union effort catches on as fast as Starbucks’.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KWO9BP">
|
||||
These Trader Joe’s victories are one of several high-profile union wins this year at places people don’t normally expect unions. Stores as far afield as <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/18/technology/apple-union-maryland.html">Apple</a> stores or outdoor apparel retailer <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/02/business/rei-union-new-york.html">REI</a> are taking advantage of a unique point in time to eke out better conditions for American workers.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="k1403m">
|
||||
Of course, their leverage might only last as long as hiring remains difficult and the economy is good. But for now, it’s looking strong.
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><strong>What nuclear secrets could Trump have possibly taken?</strong> -
|
||||
<figure>
|
||||
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/iPYYfCgMHoEF5ijoVbGaHXvqVhU=/141x0:1822x1261/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71238395/AP22222461162496a.0.jpg"/>
|
||||
<figcaption>
|
||||
Former President Donald Trump holds up a fist as he departs Trump Tower in New York on August 10, headed to a deposition for the state attorney general’s office, which is investigating the Trump Organization. | Julia Nikhinson/AP
|
||||
</figcaption>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
A nuclear weapons historian explains why it’s so hard to know what material Trump took.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VtXlo8">
|
||||
<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2022/08/11/garland-trump-mar-a-lago/">The Washington Post</a> reported Thursday that “classified documents relating to nuclear weapons” were among the things FBI agents were looking for when they searched Mar-a-Lago this week. And there were numerous examples of “secret,” “confidential,” and “top secret” documents<strong> </strong>listed on the official <a href="https://www.vox.com/e/23067404">property receipt from the seizure</a> that was released Friday.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nsohe1">
|
||||
A <a href="https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.flsd.617854/gov.uscourts.flsd.617854.17.0_7.pdf">warrant released alongside the receipt</a> suggested the FBI may be looking into violations of the Espionage Act and potential obstruction of justice as well.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Tgka3D">
|
||||
Former President Donald Trump has denied taking any nuclear-related documents, <a href="https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/108809454912105665">calling the Post’s reporting a “Hoax.”</a> Trump has been known to issue false and misleading statements before, of course, which raises the question: If Trump had nuclear secrets lying around his house, what might they be?
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QuSkTD">
|
||||
“It could be anything ranging from something that would endanger the lives of hundreds of millions of people to something that has no impact on anything whatsoever. That’s how vague the classified categorization is,” Alex Wellerstein, a historian of science and nuclear weapons, told me.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nm0dj7">
|
||||
I reached out to Wellerstein after the Post report, and after the <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/11/us/politics/trump-fbi-subpoena.html?smid=url-share">New York Times</a> reported that federal investigators were concerned about information from “special access programs” — what the Times called “extremely sensitive” US operations abroad, or sensitive technology or capabilities — falling into the wrong hands if it was being stored at Mar–a-Lago. In his research, Wellerstein has focused extensively on the history of nuclear weapons, presidential power over them, and how nuclear secrets are safeguarded.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AIP8UX">
|
||||
I asked Wellerstein to offer some ways to think about all this news, and whether Trump could be in legal trouble. Our conversation, below, has been edited for clarity.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<h4 id="n6WQS0">
|
||||
Christian Paz
|
||||
</h4>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EhTzqF">
|
||||
How should we understand what’s going on here?
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<h4 id="fbPSlF">
|
||||
Alex Wellerstein
|
||||
</h4>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="45FkqW">
|
||||
There’s two frameworks that I keep coming back to. One, is there a national security risk to how these documents were handled or stored? [Was there any] breaking the law or breaking regulations?
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VegrDy">
|
||||
Separate from the question of whether Trump could be prosecuted — that’s a harder question to answer in some ways, because the president can declassify certain categories of things, sort of by fiat — is there a risk in keeping these kinds of documents at Mar-a-Lago?
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7j6Zf2">
|
||||
Mar-a-Lago is potentially not set up to handle these kinds of documents according to the regulations. If you have a top secret document, that implies, through these regulations, how you can handle this document, what kind of safe it can be in, who is allowed to be guarding the safe, what they have to be armed with. All of that kind of stuff.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NgB6jE">
|
||||
Then there’s the perhaps more significant legal angle which is, what are the responsibilities of the White House with the preservation and disposition of records, which is a totally separate issue. It’s pretty clear you’re not allowed to take records home and keep them and not give them to the National Archives and not give them to your successors. There are pretty tight regulations around what you are allowed to do with these kinds of records.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<h4 id="jwxkdY">
|
||||
Christian Paz
|
||||
</h4>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rhayVF">
|
||||
Does that legal framework apply to nuclear secrets?
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<h4 id="jh50Kq">
|
||||
Alex Wellerstein
|
||||
</h4>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="C7oMvm">
|
||||
Nuclear is tricky, because nuclear secrets are handled by a different law [<a href="https://www.energy.gov/ehss/statutes-regulations-and-directives-classification-program">the Atomic Energy Act</a>] than the rest of [government] secrets, and the president’s ability to sort of arbitrarily declassify things in a nuclear realm is not as obvious. The law constricts nuclear secrets very differently than it constricts most national security information. It’s hard to know whether it could either be something incredibly banal and not interesting, or something that would have massive implications for American security and diplomacy. And so it’s the entire gamut of extremes.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<div id="9560RQ">
|
||||
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
|
||||
Now, to get back to the original question — could POTUS remove things from the RD category unilaterally (and without telling anyone ahead of time)? The Atomic Energy Act certainly makes zero provisions for this. It is pretty clear on the procedures and agencies involved. <a href="https://t.co/WO0bZD4Bld">pic.twitter.com/WO0bZD4Bld</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
— Alex Wellerstein (<span class="citation" data-cites="wellerstein">@wellerstein</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/wellerstein/status/1558069960827719680?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 12, 2022</a>
|
||||
</blockquote></div></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="hw96ts">
|
||||
Christian Paz
|
||||
</h4>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DtQ7xI">
|
||||
What about the term “special access program”? Does that suggest something significant?
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<h4 id="XsOzrP">
|
||||
Alex Wellerstein
|
||||
</h4>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="V8nAgF">
|
||||
Usually when you have something like a special access program, what you’re essentially saying is, we have lots of secrets that we think, if they got released, would do damage to the United States.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3SvkY6">
|
||||
In principle, that’s the baseline. And then as you go up the ranks of secrecy, like confidential, secret, and top secret, you’re essentially saying, the damage would be more and more. And it goes from saying, for example, “Well, this could make our relationship with Japan a little more difficult” — that’s the form of damage — to the top level, which is, “We could have entire intelligence sources compromised, people could die, our plans could be rendered nil, they could attack us first and we lose hundreds of millions”: just as imaginative as you can get.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="CxhJks">
|
||||
So “special access program” is just another one of these layers, where you’re essentially saying, “Look, we really think this is important stuff. And so the number of people who can have access to it needs to be smaller, and those people have to be specially vetted.” This is the kind of stuff that would potentially have some sort of nasty implication in the very short term, but that could be very vague.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fnJekb">
|
||||
Whether that’s true or not [about the material <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/11/us/politics/trump-fbi-subpoena.html?smid=url-share">the Times reported</a> was in Mar-a-Lago] — people have misused these things, and overapplied them, and used them for things that are just embarrassing — who knows? Without more information, it’s hard to even speculate, but if it’s got stuff like that in there, that means that somebody, when making that document, thought, this is hot stuff. So you know, handle with care.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<h4 id="ufRMxW">
|
||||
Christian Paz
|
||||
</h4>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yGWfPB">
|
||||
This also gets us to the question of how much the government tends to classify materials that might not legitimately need to be classified to begin with. Part of the reason we don’t know what classified documents the former president might have is because so many things are classified to begin with.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<h4 id="xsqFR9">
|
||||
Alex Wellerstein
|
||||
</h4>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PA5Hyr">
|
||||
This is an anecdote, but somebody who used to work at Los Alamos [National Laboratory] told me a little while ago that they would occasionally mix in certain amounts of higher level classification into a document because it would allow them to just easily classify the document at a certain level and not have to worry about segregating out certain types of information, and just doing this; essentially, a bureaucratic hack to make their jobs easier. Which I found a horror, but he told us as a funny joke.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kYkmOZ">
|
||||
And I was like, well, that’s horrifying, right? You’re admitting that you have gamed the system in a way that overclassifies because it’s easier to handle, in some ways, higher classified things; they come with more responsibilities, and they come with more regulations, but if you’re already in a world that’s highly used to using these things, you know that fewer people are going to look at your program and get in your way. I’m not saying that’s a universal example, but it’s hard to know what is “legitimate.” And it’s also hard, inherently, to even have a definition of legitimate that we would all agree on.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nARXot">
|
||||
Another good example: is this the true worst-case scenario for nuclear documents? What if … one of these nuclear documents confirms that the United States knows, as we know it does, that Israel has nuclear weapons?
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="P8Cion">
|
||||
The United States does not admit to knowing that, and Israel does not admit to having them. We are still able to sell Israel arms, even though we’re not supposed to sell them to nations that are nuclear states that are not in the <a href="https://www.un.org/disarmament/wmd/nuclear/npt/">nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty</a>. And so I can tell you, they have nuclear weapons; there’s books about how they have nuclear weapons; you can look it up on the internet [and] see pictures of their nuclear weapons, essentially.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kveDvI">
|
||||
Another good example, and this is what some people have speculated among the worst-case scenarios: because the United States doesn’t acknowledge [Israel’s nuclear weapons], there’s that legal fiction. So a document from the US that acknowledged it would destroy the legal fiction if it was released or brought out. It could create problems for another country, too. Maybe they get to enjoy the fiction for their domestic politics. And suddenly they’ve got to confront that domestically. Right? It can’t be ignored.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IpSoeQ">
|
||||
It’s one of the reasons why the argument that the president can arbitrarily declassify things if he wants to [is] not a good practice. It’s a terrible idea. It’s absolutely the worst approach you could have for this. Except in cases where the president really felt that there was some pressing need to release something and all of his agencies were telling him they didn’t want it to be released, but the president really felt that that was important.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Jy0Hcv">
|
||||
But I’ve never gotten any sense that Donald Trump has done anything like that. Every time he’s released classified information, which he has done many times — there’s that famous picture he tweeted of the bombing of that Iranian site, which was really tricky, because it revealed information about what we can see in our satellites, which is very classified, like what resolution they can go to — I’ve never seen a deliberate, “People need to know this” situation. That seemed like an “oh, cool” situation.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<h4 id="NwBrlv">
|
||||
Christian Paz
|
||||
</h4>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="e8bi2e">
|
||||
I saw you’ve spoken about Harry Truman — how as president, nuclear weapons were used <a href="https://twitter.com/wellerstein/status/1557360502954774528?s=20&t=sxnVFwS2d92eyALIAa1mgw">largely without his involvement</a>, and how <a href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/wxnjz9/it-could-be-anything-experts-tell-us-what-kind-of-nuclear-secrets-could-trump-steal">he revealed</a> some nuclear secrets post-presidency. Is this at all like that?
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<h4 id="tXGGzU">
|
||||
Alex Wellerstein
|
||||
</h4>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TtR5Hl">
|
||||
It’s just a very odd situation. It’s not something that happens normally. There have certainly been cases in which former officials of different sorts have talked about things that either they thought were unclassified, or they just hadn’t given any thought to its classification.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DAmmEL">
|
||||
Truman had a number of issues with saying, especially after his presidency, stuff that annoyed current administrations or made them feel like he was getting into territory he really shouldn’t get into. And this is just one example of that, but the one I posted [is] <a href="https://twitter.com/wellerstein/status/1558113162909581312/photo/1">the document</a> about [Truman talking about how much plutonium was in the first atomic bomb]. And for Truman, you can kind of give him a little slack since this literally got invented under his watch.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<div id="ejStL2">
|
||||
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
|
||||
In 1956, the FBI was told by someone — probably someone at the AEC — that Harry Truman was telling people how much plutonium was in the first atomic bomb. <a href="https://t.co/w4WDNGCHV8">pic.twitter.com/w4WDNGCHV8</a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
— Alex Wellerstein (<span class="citation" data-cites="wellerstein">@wellerstein</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/wellerstein/status/1558113162909581312?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 12, 2022</a>
|
||||
</blockquote>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mGqPVp">
|
||||
The closest that I can think of now is Jimmy Carter, who has said some things that seem to be very clearly implying that Israel had nuclear weapons. And that’s not what he’s supposed to say. Again, that’s a very open secret. But that’s the only other example that comes to mind.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TBhMDA">
|
||||
They don’t prosecute most people who violate security, and even with nuclear things, prosecution is a really high bar. And the laws for prosecuting are not that ironclad in terms of their constitutionality. So if … they don’t think you’re a spy, what they usually do is an administrative sanction, where you might lose your clearance and then have to apply to get it renewed and it’s a big, ugly sort of thing, but it’s not like going to jail for taking documents home with you. It’s not common.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7LwA9y">
|
||||
The government did, in the 1940s, have some issues with GIs who had stolen photographs that they weren’t supposed to have and then tried to sell them. I know there’s been speculation that one of the reasons Trump may have these documents is to sort of give them away or sell them, not as espionage, but as mementos. So that’s not totally unprecedented, and they did prosecute some people for that. But again, these were GIs … I don’t think the odds of prosecution for mishandling of secrets are super high, just because it’s so legally difficult anyway, but if it’s a president, it’s even more legally difficult and legally unclear, and they do have discretion over whether they prosecute these kinds of things.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sOSDKQ">
|
||||
But I do think it’s pretty significant that this clearly violates the Presidential Records Act. There’s [not] a lot of interpretation there, whereas with the nuclear stuff, or the Espionage Act, you have a lot of interpretation about what the president actually can do. But the Presidential Records Act is pretty straightforward.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sindhu suffers stress fracture injury; out of badminton World Championship</strong> - The 27-year-old Sindhu, winner of five medals in the Worlds including a gold, will now be closely monitored during the recovery phase.</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Test cricket won't die in my lifetime but who'll be playing it?, says Ian Chappell</strong> - The former Australia captain believed that international cricket faces a real challenge of retaining players in the face of rapid expansion of T20 leagues</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>PM Modi hosts India's Commonwealth Games contingent</strong> - The Indian athletes produced a sensational show in Birmingham, claiming 61 medals, including 22 gold, 16 silver and 23 bronze.</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Unvaccinated Novak Djokovic out of U.S. Open tuneup in Cincinnati</strong> - Men’s tennis world no. 6 has not received COVID-19 vaccination and will not be allowed to travel to the United States</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>New Zealand beats Windies by 90 runs, leads T20 series 2-0</strong> - The West Indies managed only 125/9 in reply of Kiwi’s mammoth total of 215/5</p></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID cases drop in Telangana</strong> -</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Preamble, crafted by deft needlework</strong> - Homemaker embroiders Constitution’s Preamble in Malayalam, working nearly 10 hours a day for five months</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Revanth expresses apology but Komatireddy Venkata Reddy not yet satisfied</strong> - Revanth releases a video</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>BJP practises what it preaches: Rajnath Singh</strong> - Rajnath Singh unveiled the statue Veer Durgadas Rathore at Salvan Kalan village of Jodhpur on the Rajput general’s 385th birth anniversary</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Rajiv Gandhi govt. decision to ban Rushdie's book was justified, taken for law & order reasons: Natwar Singh</strong> - Former Minister of State for External Affairs K. Natwar Singh said he was “very distressed” over the attack.</p></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Drought hits Germany’s Rhine River: ‘We have 30cm of water left’</strong> - The Rhine is a key shipping route for Germany and Europe - so what happens if it’s too shallow to use?</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Montenegro: Gunman kills 11 after family dispute</strong> - Three members of the same family were killed - the gunman was shot dead by a civilian.</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Crimea blasts significantly hit Russian navy - UK</strong> - The Ministry of Defence says the blasts have “significantly degraded” Moscow’s Black Sea Fleet.</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>German ex-leader Gerhard Schroeder sues parliament over lost perks</strong> - The former chancellor has faced criticism over his links to Russian energy companies.</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Puck Fair: Wild goat removed from festival ‘throne’ amid Irish heat alert</strong> - The goat is taken down from its pedestal on Friday for the second day in a row as temperatures soar.</p></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How long will it take to understand long COVID?</strong> - Researchers have proposed a variety of theories to explain symptoms of COVID long-haulers. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1873313">link</a></p></li>
|
||||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Poliovirus detected in NYC sewage; health officials urge vaccination</strong> - Meanwhile, officials in London reported finding poliovirus over 100 times in sewage. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1873536">link</a></p></li>
|
||||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>LG plans to introduce 20-inch OLED panels this year</strong> - The smallest consumer OLED TV LG makes currently measures 42 inches. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1873435">link</a></p></li>
|
||||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How to upgrade to Windows 11, whether your PC is supported or not [Updated]</strong> - Supported or not, new or old, this is everything you need to know. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1800798">link</a></p></li>
|
||||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Betelgeuse is bouncing back after blowing its top in 2019</strong> - “We’re watching stellar evolution in real time.” - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1873393">link</a></p></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><strong>76% of people don’t know opposite words for the following:</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
|
||||
<div class="md">
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
</p><ol type="1">
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Always 2) Coming 3) From 4) Take 5) Me 6) Down
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"></p>
|
||||
</li></ol></div>
|
||||
<!-- SC_ON -->
|
||||
submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/dandan_56"> /u/dandan_56 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/wn5gsx/76_of_people_dont_know_opposite_words_for_the/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/wn5gsx/76_of_people_dont_know_opposite_words_for_the/">[comments]</a></span></li>
|
||||
|
||||
<li><strong>Once upon a time, there lived a man who had a terrible passion for baked beans.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
|
||||
<div class="md">
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
He loved them dearly, but they always had an embarrassing and somewhat explosive effect on him.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
One day he met a girl and fell in love. When it became apparent that they would marry, he thought to himself, “she’ll never go through with the marriage with me carrying on like this,” so he made the supreme sacrifice and gave up beans. Shortly afterward, they were married.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
A few months later, on the way home from work, his car broke down. Since they lived in the country, he called his wife and told her that he would be late because he had to walk home. On his way, he passed a small cafe and the wonderful aroma of baked beans overwhelmed him. Since he still had several miles to walk he figured he could walk off any ill effects before he got home.<br/> So he went in, ordered, and had 3 extra large helpings of delicious baked beans. He farted all the way home. By the time he arrived home he felt reasonably safe.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
His wife met him at the door and seemed somewhat excited. She exclaimed, “Darling, I have the most wonderful surprise for you for dinner tonight!” She put a blindfold on him, and led him to his chair at the head of the table and made him promise not to peek.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
At this point he was beginning to feel another one coming on. Just as his wife was about to remove the blindfold, the telephone rang. She again made him promise not to peek until she returned, and away she went to answer the phone.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
While she was gone, he seized the opportunity. He shifted his weight to one leg and let go. It was not only loud, but also ripe as a rotten egg. He had a hard time breathing, so he felt for his napkin and fanned the air about him.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
He had just started to feel better, when another urge came on. He raised his leg and RRIIIPPPP!!! It sounded like a diesel engine revving, and smelled worse. To keep from gagging, he tried fanning his arms a while, hoping the smell would dissipate. Then he got another urge. This was a real blue ribbon winner, the windows shook, the dishes on the table rattled and a minute later the flowers on the table fell over. While keeping an ear tuned in on the conversation in the hallway, and keeping his promise of staying blindfolded, he carried on like this for the next ten minutes, farting and fanning each time with his napkin. When he heard the phone farewells he neatly laid his napkin on his lap and folded his hands on top of it.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
Smiling contentedly, he was the picture of innocence when his wife walked in. Apologizing for taking so long, she asked if he had peeked at the dinner table. After assuring her he had not peeked, she removed the blindfold and yelled, “SURPRISE!!!”
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
There, seated around the table to his great alarm, were twelve dinner guests for his surprise birthday party!
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<!-- SC_ON -->
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/FM596"> /u/FM596 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/wn2u4b/once_upon_a_time_there_lived_a_man_who_had_a/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/wn2u4b/once_upon_a_time_there_lived_a_man_who_had_a/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
|
||||
<li><strong>A lady decided to give herself a big treat for her 50th birthday by staying overnight in a really nice luxurious hotel..</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
|
||||
<div class="md">
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
The following morning, she was appalled when the desk clerk gave her a bill for $250.00. She requested to know why the charge was too high.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
“It’s a nice hotel, but the rooms certainly aren’t worth $250.00 for just an overnight stay! I didn’t even have breakfast,” she told the clerk.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
The clerk clarified that $250.00 is the standard rate. At that point, the older lady insisted on talking with the manager.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
The manager showed up and explained that the hotel “has an Olympic-sized pool and a huge conference center which are available for use.”
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
“But I didn’t use them,” the old woman said.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
“Well, they are here, and you could have,” he replied.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
The manager proceeded with that she could likewise have seen one of the in-hotel shows for which the hotel is famous.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
“We have the best entertainers from the world over performing here,” he said.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
“But I didn’t go to any of those shows,” she said.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
The manager replied, “Well, we have them, and you could have.”
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
Regardless of what facility he recommended, the older lady would just answer, “But I didn’t use it!”
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
The manager then countered with his standard reaction. After several minutes of contending with him, she chose to pay.
|
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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The manager was shocked when she gave the check to him. “But madam, this check is for only $50.00,” he said.
|
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</p>
|
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
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“That is right. I charged you $200.00 for sleeping with me,” the old lady replied.
|
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</p>
|
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
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“But I didn’t!” the manager shouted.
|
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
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“Well, too bad, I was here, and you could have.”
|
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</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<!-- SC_ON -->
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/xavi24"> /u/xavi24 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/wmodye/a_lady_decided_to_give_herself_a_big_treat_for/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/wmodye/a_lady_decided_to_give_herself_a_big_treat_for/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
|
||||
<li><strong>I was auditioning for a play today, and the director yelled at me. He said my acting reminded him of a female reproductive organ! Needless to say I stormed off…</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
|
||||
<div class="md">
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
But after I thought about it, I went back. I had to apologize for ovary acting.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<!-- SC_ON -->
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/JeffTrav"> /u/JeffTrav </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/wn08ed/i_was_auditioning_for_a_play_today_and_the/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/wn08ed/i_was_auditioning_for_a_play_today_and_the/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
|
||||
<li><strong>Why did the crab cross the road?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
|
||||
<div class="md">
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
It didnt, it used the sidewalk
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<!-- SC_ON -->
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Mammoth-Astronaut-87"> /u/Mammoth-Astronaut-87 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/wnaihr/why_did_the_crab_cross_the_road/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/wnaihr/why_did_the_crab_cross_the_road/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script>AOS.init();</script></body></html>
|
||||
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Reference in New Issue