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<title>22 January, 2024</title>
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<title>Covid-19 Sentry</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Cytoarchitecture of SARS-CoV-2 infected hamster lungs by X-ray phase contrast tomography: imaging workflow and classification for drug testing</strong> -
<div>
X-ray Phase Contrast Tomography (XPCT) based on wavefield propagation has been established as a high resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging modality, suitable to reconstruct the intricate structure of soft tissues, and the corresponding pathological alterations. However, for biomedical research, more is needed than 3D visualisation and rendering of the cytoarchitecture in a few selected cases. First, the throughput needs to be increased to cover a statistically relevant number of samples. Second, the cytoarchitecture has to be quantified in terms of morphometric parameters, independent of visual impression. Third, dimensionality reduction and classification are required for identification of effects and interpretation of results. In this work, we present a workflow implemented at a laboratory CT setup, using semi-automated data acquisition, reconstruction and statistical quantification of lung tissue in an early screen of Covid-19 drug candidates. Different drugs were tested in a hamster model after SARS-CoV-2 infection. To make full use of the recorded high-throughput XPCT data, we then used morphometric parameter determination followed by a dimensionality reduction and classification based on optimal transport. This approach allows efficient discrimination between physiological and pathological lung structure, thereby providing invaluable insights into the pathological progression and partial recovery due to drug treatment.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.21.576083v1" target="_blank">Cytoarchitecture of SARS-CoV-2 infected hamster lungs by X-ray phase contrast tomography: imaging workflow and classification for drug testing</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Gaining Biological Insights through Supervised Data Visualization</strong> -
<div>
Dimensionality reduction-based data visualization is pivotal in comprehending complex biological data. The most common methods, such as PHATE, t-SNE, and UMAP, are unsupervised and therefore reflect the dominant structure in the data, which may be independent of expert-provided labels. Here we introduce a supervised data visualization method called RF-PHATE, which integrates expert knowledge for further exploration of the data. RF-PHATE leverages random forests to capture intricate feature-label relationships. Extracting information from the forest, RF-PHATE generates low-dimensional visualizations that highlight relevant data relationships while disregarding extraneous features. This approach scales to large datasets and applies to classification and regression. We illustrate RF-PHATE’s prowess through three case studies. In a multiple sclerosis study using longitudinal clinical and imaging data, RF-PHATE unveils a sub-group of patients with non-benign relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis, demonstrating its aptitude for time-series data. In the context of Raman spectral data, RF-PHATE effectively showcases the impact of antioxidants on diesel exhaust-exposed lung cells, highlighting its proficiency in noisy environments. Furthermore, RF-PHATE aligns established geometric structures with COVID-19 patient outcomes, enriching interpretability in a hierarchical manner.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.22.568384v2" target="_blank">Gaining Biological Insights through Supervised Data Visualization</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Mis- and Disinformation during the 2021 Canadian Federal Election</strong> -
<div>
The Canadian Election Misinformation Project was a civil society and academic partnership that aimed to rapidly identify and respond to mis- and disinformation incidents during the 44th Canadian Federal Election while evaluating the extent to which these incidents impact the attitudes and behaviours of Canadians. It also sought to develop understanding of the types and consequences of misleading and false information circulating in the public sphere in addition to supporting world-class research into the dynamics of the information ecosystem and the broad impacts of misinformation on Canadian democracy. The data shows that: 1) Although there was widespread misinformation during the 2021 Canadian federal election, the overall election was minimally impacted by mis- and disinformation; 2) Most Canadians believe the election was safe from foreign interference and that misinformation played a minimal role in the election; 3) Communities that previously focused on sharing COVID-19 misinformation adopted conspiracy theories about a broader set of topics during the election, including vaccines, climate change, and the integrity of the election; and 4) Nevertheless, a strong majority of Canadians believe that misinformation is a threat to Canadian democracy, polarizes Canadians, and threatens social cohesion.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/ubfmx/" target="_blank">Mis- and Disinformation during the 2021 Canadian Federal Election</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Public Health Communication and Engagement on Social Media during the COVID-19 Pandemic</strong> -
<div>
Social media provides governments the opportunity to directly communicate with their constituents. During a pandemic, reaching as many citizens as possible with health messaging is critical to reducing the spread of the disease. This study evaluates efforts to spread healthcare information by Canadian local, provincial, and federal governments during the first five months of the COVID-19 pandemic. We collect all health-related communications coming from government accounts on Facebook and Twitter and analyze the data using a nested mixed method approach. We first identify quantifiable features linked with citizen engagement, before subsequently performing content analysis on outlier posts. We make two critical contributions to existing knowledge about government communication, particularly during public health crises. We identify cross-platform variations in strategy effectiveness and draw attention to specific, evidence-based practices that can increase engagement with government health information.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/7hypj/" target="_blank">Public Health Communication and Engagement on Social Media during the COVID-19 Pandemic</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>All in this together: deservingness of government aid during the COVID-19 pandemic</strong> -
<div>
The COVID-19 pandemic has placed unprecedented pressure on governments to engage in widespread cash transfers directly to citizens to help mitigate economic losses. These programs are major redistribution efforts aimed at a variety of sub-groups within society (the unemployed, those with children, those with pre-existing health conditions, etc.) and there has been remarkably little resistance to these government outlays. We employ a novel and pre-registered paired vignette experiment to assess support for government aid during the pandemic in a large, nationally representative sample. We evaluate whether the “normal” deservingness hierarchy and considerations of social affinity or material self-interest continue to drive preferences of Canadians regarding redistribution. We find only small deservingness considerations and little evidence that redistribution preferences are informed by similarity considerations. Instead, we find broad, generous, and non-discriminatory support for direct cash transfers during this period of crisis.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/eyvhj/" target="_blank">All in this together: deservingness of government aid during the COVID-19 pandemic</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The Causes and Consequences of COVID-19 Misperceptions: Understanding the Role of News and Social Media</strong> -
<div>
We investigate the relationship between media consumption, misinformation, and important attitudes and behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. We find that comparatively more misinformation circulates on social media platforms, while traditional news media tend to reinforce public health recommendations like social distancing. We find that exposure to social media is associated with misperceptions about COVID-19 while the inverse is true for news media. These misperceptions are in turn associated with lower compliance with social distancing measures. We thus draw a link from misinformation on social media to behaviours and attitudes that potentially magnify the scale and lethality of COVID-19.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/6tcdn/" target="_blank">The Causes and Consequences of COVID-19 Misperceptions: Understanding the Role of News and Social Media</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The lasting earnings losses of COVID-19 short-time work</strong> -
<div>
This study is the first to investigate the impact of short-time work (STW) schemes during the COVID-19 pandemic on earnings after STW. STW schemes were implemented to preserve employee–employer matches, support workers’ incomes, and uphold consumption. Although workers faced temporary earnings losses under STW, it is unclear if the negative earnings effects of STW persisted or were limited to the STW spell. Therefore, this study uses a dynamic difference-in-difference (DiD) identification strategy with administrative data to identify any lasting STW effects on earnings. This approach accounts for factors that influenced worker selection into STW and tests for heterogeneous effects across subgroups of workers. We find lasting earnings losses that persisted beyond the STW participation itself. Most importantly, these earnings losses depended on the duration of STW exposure, with greater negative effects being more prominent in cases of long-term or recurring STW spells. Lasting, post-STW earnings losses tended to be more pronounced for white-collar jobs, while the largest losses were observed among men with blue-collar jobs whose STW spells exceeded one year.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/p2qvh/" target="_blank">The lasting earnings losses of COVID-19 short-time work</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Revealing the drivers of antibiotic resistance trends in Streptococcus pneumoniae amidst the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic: Insights from mathematical modeling</strong> -
<div>
Non-pharmaceutical interventions implemented to block SARS-CoV-2 transmission in early 2020 led to global reductions in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). By contrast, most European countries reported an increase in antibiotic resistance among invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from 2019 to 2020, while an increasing number of studies reported stable pneumococcal carriage prevalence over the same period. To disentangle the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on pneumococcal epidemiology in the community setting, we propose a mathematical model formalizing simultaneous transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and antibiotic-sensitive and -resistant strains of S. pneumoniae. To test hypotheses underlying these trends five mechanisms were built in into the model and examined: (1) a population-wide reduction of antibiotic prescriptions in the community, (2) lockdown effect on pneumococcal transmission, (3) a reduced risk of developing an IPD due to the absence of common respiratory viruses, (4) community azithromycin use in COVID-19 infected individuals, (5) and a longer carriage duration of antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal strains. Among 31 possible pandemic scenarios involving mechanisms individually or in combination, model simulations surprisingly identified only two scenarios that reproduced the reported trends in the general population. They included factors (1), (3), and (4). These scenarios replicated a nearly 50% reduction in annual IPD, and an increase in antibiotic resistance from 20% to 22%, all while maintaining a relatively stable pneumococcal carriage. Exploring further, higher SARS-CoV-2 R0 values and synergistic within-host virus-bacteria interaction mechanisms could have additionally contributed to the observed antibiotic resistance increase. Our work demonstrates the utility of the mathematical modeling approach in unraveling the complex effects of the COVID-19 pandemic responses on AMR dynamics.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.08.503267v4" target="_blank">Revealing the drivers of antibiotic resistance trends in Streptococcus pneumoniae amidst the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic: Insights from mathematical modeling</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Persistence and Free Chlorine Disinfection of Human Coronaviruses and Their Surrogates in Water</strong> -
<div>
The COVID-19 pandemic illustrates the importance of understanding the behavior and control of human pathogenic viruses in the environment. Exposure via water (drinking, bathing, and recreation) is a known route of transmission of viruses to humans, but the literature is relatively void of studies on the persistence of many viruses, especially coronaviruses, in water and their susceptibility to chlorine disinfection. To fill that knowledge gap, we evaluated the persistence and free chlorine disinfection of human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) and its surrogates, murine hepatitis virus (MHV) and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), in drinking water and laboratory buffer using cell culture methods. The decay rate constants of human coronavirus and its surrogates in water varied depending on virus and water matrix. In drinking water prior to disinfectant addition, MHV showed the largest decay rate constant (2.25 day-1) followed by HCoV-OC43 (0.99 day-1) and TGEV (0.65 day-1); while in phosphate buffer, HCoV-OC43 (0.51 day-1) had a larger decay rate constant than MHV (0.28 day-1) and TGEV (0.24 day-1). Upon free chlorine disinfection, the inactivation rates of coronaviruses were independent of free chlorine concentration and not affected by water matrix, though they still varied between viruses. TGEV showed the highest susceptibility to free chlorine disinfection with the inactivation rate constant of 113.50 mg-1 min-1 L, followed by MHV (81.33 mg-1 min-1 L) and HCoV-OC43 (59.42 mg-1 min-1 L).
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.16.575911v1" target="_blank">Persistence and Free Chlorine Disinfection of Human Coronaviruses and Their Surrogates in Water</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>A Bacteriophage Cocktail Targeting Yersinia pestis Provides Strong Post-Exposure Protection in a Rat Pneumonic Plague Model</strong> -
<div>
Yersinia pestis, one of the deadliest bacterial pathogens ever known, is responsible for three plague pandemics and several epidemics, with over 200 million deaths during recorded history. Due to high genomic plasticity, Y. pestis is amenable to genetic mutations as well as genetic engineering that can lead to the emergence or intentional development of pan-drug resistant strains. The dissemination of such Y. pestis strains could be catastrophic, with public health consequences far more daunting than those caused by the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel, safe, and effective treatment approaches for managing Y. pestis infections. This includes infections by antigenically distinct strains for which vaccines, none FDA approved yet, may not be effective, and those that cannot be controlled by approved antibiotics. Lytic bacteriophages provide one such alternative approach. In this study, we examined post-exposure efficacy of a bacteriophage cocktail, YPP-401, to combat pneumonic plague caused by Y. pestis CO92. YPP-401 is a four-phage preparation with a 100% lytic activity against a panel of 68 genetically diverse Y. pestis strains. Using a pneumonic plague aerosol challenge model in gender-balanced Brown Norway rats, YPP-401 demonstrated ~88% protection when delivered 18 hours post-exposure for each of two administration routes (i.e., intraperitoneal and intranasal) in a dose-dependent manner. Our studies suggest that YPP-401 could provide an innovative, safe, and effective approach for managing Y. pestis infections, including those caused by naturally occurring or intentionally developed strains that cannot be managed by vaccines in development and antibiotics.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.17.576055v1" target="_blank">A Bacteriophage Cocktail Targeting Yersinia pestis Provides Strong Post-Exposure Protection in a Rat Pneumonic Plague Model</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>GotGlycans: Role of N343 Glycosylation on the SARS-CoV-2 S RBD Structure and Co-Receptor Binding Across Variants of Concern</strong> -
<div>
Glycosylation of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein represents a key target for viral evolution because it affects both viral evasion and fitness. Successful variations in the glycan shield are difficult to achieve though, as protein glycosylation is also critical to folding and to structural stability. Within this framework, the identification of glycosylation sites that are structurally dispensable can provide insight into the evolutionary mechanisms of the shield and inform immune surveillance. In this work we show through over 45 s of cumulative sampling from conventional and enhanced molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, how the structure of the immunodominant S receptor binding domain (RBD) is regulated by N-glycosylation at N343 and how the structural role of this glycan changes from WHu-1, alpha (B.1.1.7), and beta (B.1.351), to the delta (B.1.617.2) and omicron (BA.1 and BA.2.86) variants. More specifically, we find that the amphipathic nature of the N-glycan is instrumental to preserve the structural integrity of the RBD hydrophobic core and that loss of glycosylation at N343 triggers a specific and consistent conformational change. We show how this change allosterically regulates the conformation of the receptor binding motif (RBM) in the WHu-1, alpha and beta RBDs, but not in the delta and omicron variants, due to mutations that reinforce the RBD architecture. In support of these findings, we show that the binding of the RBD to monosialylated ganglioside co-receptors is highly dependent on N343 glycosylation in the WHu-1, but not in the delta RBD, and that affinity changes significantly across VoCs. Ultimately, the molecular and functional insight we provide in this work reinforces our understanding of the role of glycosylation in protein structure and function and it also allows us to identify the structural constraints within which the glycosylation site at N343 can become a hotspot for mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 S glycan shield.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.05.570076v2" target="_blank">GotGlycans: Role of N343 Glycosylation on the SARS-CoV-2 S RBD Structure and Co-Receptor Binding Across Variants of Concern</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Phase 1 of the NIH Preprint Pilot: Testing the viability of making preprints discoverable in PubMed Central and PubMed</strong> -
<div>
Introduction: The National Library of Medicine (NLM) launched a pilot in June 2020 to 1) explore the feasibility and utility of adding preprints to PubMed Central (PMC) and making them discoverable in PubMed and 2) to support accelerated discoverability of NIH-supported research without compromising user trust in NLM’s widely used literature services. Methods: The first phase of the Pilot focused on archiving preprints reporting NIH-supported SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 research. To launch Phase 1, NLM identified eligible preprint servers and developed processes for identifying NIH-supported preprints within scope in these servers. Processes were also developed for the ingest and conversion of preprints in PMC and to send corresponding records to PubMed. User interfaces were modified for display of preprint records. NLM collected data on the preprints ingested and discovery of preprint records in PMC and PubMed and engaged users through focus groups and a survey to obtain direct feedback on the Pilot and perceptions of preprints. Results: Between June 2020 and June 2022, NLM added more than 3,300 preprint records to PMC and PubMed, which were viewed 4 million times and 3 million times, respectively. Nearly a quarter of preprints in the Pilot were not associated with a peer-reviewed published journal article. User feedback revealed that the inclusion of preprints did not have a notable impact on trust in PMC or PubMed. Discussion: NIH-supported preprints can be identified and added to PMC and PubMed without disrupting existing operations processes. Additionally, inclusion of preprints in PMC and PubMed accelerates discovery of NIH research without reducing trust in NLM literature services. Phase 1 of the Pilot provided a useful testbed for studying NIH investigator preprint posting practices, as well as knowledge gaps among user groups, during the COVID-19 public health emergency, an unusual time with heightened interest in immediate access to research results.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.12.520156v2" target="_blank">Phase 1 of the NIH Preprint Pilot: Testing the viability of making preprints discoverable in PubMed Central and PubMed</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Deciphering the Molecular Mechanism of Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 through Comorbidity Network Analysis</strong> -
<div>
Introduction: The post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 presents a significant health challenge in the post-pandemic world. Our study aims to analyze longitudinal electronic health records to determine the impact of COVID-19 on disease progression, provide molecular insights into these mechanisms, and identify associated biomarkers. Method: We included 58,710 patients with COVID-19 records from 01/01/2020 to 31/08/2022 and at least one hospital admission before and after the acute phase of COVID-19 (28 days) as the treatment group. A healthy control group of 174,071 individuals was established for comparison using propensity score matching based on pre-existing diseases (before COVID-19). We built a comorbidity network using Pearson correlation coefficient differences between pairs of pre-existing disease and post-infection disease in both groups. Disease-protein mapping and protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed the impact of COVID-19 on disease trajectories through protein interactions in the human body. Results: The disparity in the weight of prevalent disease comorbidity patterns between the treatment and control groups highlights the impact of COVID-19. Certain specific comorbidity patterns show a more pronounced influence by COVID-19. For each comorbidity pattern, overlapping proteins directly associated with pre-existing diseases, post-infection diseases, and COVID-19 help to elucidate the biological mechanism of COVID-19's impact on each comorbidity pattern. Proteins essential for explaining the biological mechanism can be identified based on their weights. Conclusion: Disease comorbidity associations influenced by COVID-19, as identified through longitudinal electronic health records and disease-protein mapping, can help elucidate the biological mechanisms of COVID-19, discover intervention methods, and decode the molecular basis of comorbidity associations. This analysis can also yield potential biomarkers and corresponding treatments for specific disease patterns.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.17.575851v1" target="_blank">Deciphering the Molecular Mechanism of Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 through Comorbidity Network Analysis</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Changes in wild meat hunting and use by rural communities during the COVID-19 socio-economic shock</strong> -
<div>
There has been limited quantitative research into the effects of socio-economic shocks on biological resource use. Focusing on wild meat hunting, a substantial livelihood and food source in tropical regions, we evaluated the impacts of the shock from Nigeria’s COVID-19 lockdown on species exploitation around a global biodiversity hotspot. Using a three-year quantitative dataset collected during and after the lockdown (covering 1,008 hunter-months) and matching by time of year, we found that successful hunting trip rates were more frequent during lockdown, with a corresponding increase in the monthly number, mass, and value of animals caught. Moreover, hunters consumed a larger proportion of wild meat and sold less during lockdown compared to non-lockdown periods. These results suggest that local communities relied on wild meat to supplement reduced food and income during lockdown, buffering COVID-19’s socio-economic shock. Our findings also indicate that wild species may be especially vulnerable to increased hunting pressure during such shocks.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/ezyr7/" target="_blank">Changes in wild meat hunting and use by rural communities during the COVID-19 socio-economic shock</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Discrete and conserved inflammatory signatures drive thrombosis in different organs after Salmonella infection</strong> -
<div>
Inflammation-induced thrombosis is a common consequence of bacterial and viral infections, such as those caused by Salmonella Typhimurium (STm) and SARS-CoV-2. The identification of multi-organ thrombosis and the chronological differences in its induction and resolution raise significant challenges for successfully targeting multi-organ infection-associated thrombosis. Here, we identified specific pathways and effector cells driving thrombosis in the spleen and liver following STm infection. Thrombosis in the spleen is independent of IFN-{gamma} or the platelet C-type lectin-like receptor CLEC-2, while both molecules were previously identified as key drivers of thrombosis in the liver. Furthermore, we identified platelets, monocytes, and neutrophils as core constituents of thrombi in both organs. Depleting neutrophils or monocytic cells independently abrogated thrombus formation. Nevertheless, blocking TNF, which is expressed by both myeloid cell types, diminished both thrombosis and inflammation which correlates with reduced endothelial expression of E-selectin and leukocyte infiltration. Moreover, tissue factor and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 inhibition impairs thrombosis in both spleen and liver, identifying multiple common checkpoints to target multi-organ thrombosis. Therefore, organ-specific, and broad mechanisms driving thrombosis potentially allow tailored treatments based on the clinical need and to define the most adequate strategy to target both thrombosis and inflammation associated with systemic infections.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.16.575813v1" target="_blank">Discrete and conserved inflammatory signatures drive thrombosis in different organs after Salmonella infection</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Diet and Fasting for Long COVID</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Long Covid19; Long COVID <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Other: Low sugar diet and 10-12 hour eating window; Other: Low sugar diet, 8 hour eating window and fasting <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Effectiveness of a Health Promotion Program for Older People With Post-Covid-19 Sarcopenia</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Post COVID-19 Condition <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Other: Protein powder and Resistance exercise <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Mahidol University; National Health Security Office, Thailand <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Chronic-disease Self-management Program in Patients Living With Long-COVID in Puerto Rico</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Long Covid19 <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Other: “Tomando control de su salud” (Spanish Chronic Disease Self-Management) <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: University of Puerto Rico; National Institutes of Health (NIH) <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Treatment of Persistent Post-Covid-19 Smell and Taste Disorders</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Post-covid-19 Persistent Smell and Taste Disorders <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Cerebrolysin; Other: olfactory and gustatory trainings <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Sherifa Ahmed Hamed <br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evealuate Safety and Immunogenicity of TI-0010 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Healthy Adults</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; COVID-19 Immunisation <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: TI-0010; Biological: Placebo <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: National Drug Clinical Trial Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College; Therorna <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sodium Citrate in Smell Retraining for People With Post-COVID-19 Olfactory Dysfunction</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Long Haul COVID-19; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome; Anosmia; Olfaction Disorders <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Sodium Citrate; Drug: Normal Saline; Other: Olfactory Training Kit - “The Olfactory Kit, by AdvancedRx” <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Phase II, Double Blind, Randomized Trial of CX-4945 in Viral Community Acquired Pneumonia</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Community-acquired Pneumonia; SARS-CoV-2 -Associated Pneumonia; Influenza With Pneumonia <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: CX-4945 (SARS-CoV-2 domain); Drug: Placebo (SARS-CoV-2 domain); Drug: CX-4945 (Influenza virus domain); Drug: Placebo (Influenza virus domain) <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Senhwa Biosciences, Inc. <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Edge AI-deployed DIGItal Twins for PREDICTing Disease Progression and Need for Early Intervention in Infectious and Cardiovascular Diseases Beyond COVID-19 - Investigation of Biomarkers in Dermal Interstitial Fluid</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Heart Failure <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Device: Use of the PELSA System for dISF extraction <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Charite University, Berlin, Germany <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Phase III Clinical Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of WPV01 in Patients With Mild/Moderate COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Mild to Moderate COVID-19 <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: WPV01; Drug: Placebo <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Westlake Pharmaceuticals (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd. <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Integrated Mindfulness-based Health Qigong Intervention for COVID-19 Survivors and Caregivers</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19 Infection <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Other: Mindfulness-based Health Qigong Intervention <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Measuring Variant-Specific Neutralizing Antibody Profiles after Bivalent SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinations Using a Multivariant Surrogate Virus Neutralization Microarray</strong> - The capability of antibodies to neutralize different SARS-CoV-2 variants varies among individuals depending on the previous exposure to wild-type or Omicron-specific immunogens by mono- or bivalent vaccinations or infections. Such profiles of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) usually have to be assessed via laborious live-virus neutralization tests (NTs). We therefore analyzed whether a novel multivariant surrogate-virus neutralization test (sVNT) (adapted from a commercial microarray) that…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>RBD-Protein/Peptide Vaccine UB-612 Elicits Mucosal and Fc-Mediated Antibody Responses against SARS-CoV-2 in Cynomolgus Macaques</strong> - Antibodies provide critical protective immunity against COVID-19, and the Fc-mediated effector functions and mucosal antibodies also contribute to the protection. To expand the characterization of humoral immunity stimulated by subunit protein-peptide COVID-19 vaccine UB-612, preclinical studies in non-human primates were undertaken to investigate mucosal secretion and the effector functionality of vaccine-induced antibodies in antibody-dependent monocyte phagocytosis (ADMP) and…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>RNF5: inhibiting antiviral immunity and shaping virus life cycle</strong> - RNF5 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in various physiological processes such as protein localization and cancer progression. Recent studies have shown that RNF5 significantly inhibits antiviral innate immunity by promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of STING and MAVS, which are essential adaptor proteins, as well as their downstream signal IRF3. The abundance of RNF5 is delicately regulated by both host factors and viruses. Host factors have been found to restrict RNF5-mediated…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Role of probiotics in managing various human diseases, from oral pathology to cancer and gastrointestinal diseases</strong> - The imbalance of microbial composition and diversity in favor of pathogenic microorganisms combined with a loss of beneficial gut microbiota taxa results from factors such as age, diet, antimicrobial administration for different infections, other underlying medical conditions, etc. Probiotics are known for their capacity to improve health by stimulating the indigenous gut microbiota, enhancing host immunity resistance to infection, helping digestion, and carrying out various other functions….</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Prospective Antiviral Effect of <em>Ulva lactuca</em> Aqueous Extract against COVID-19 Infection</strong> - Marine algal extracts exhibit a potent inhibitory effect against several enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. The infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has several adverse effects, including an increased mortality rate. The anti-COVID-19 agents are still limited; this issue requires exploring novel, effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic approaches. This study investigated the antiviral activity of an aqueous extract of Ulva lactuca, which was collected from…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Anastrozole Protects against Human Coronavirus Infection by Ameliorating the Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Inflammatory Response</strong> - The common human coronavirus (HCoV) exhibits mild disease with upper respiratory infection and common cold symptoms. HCoV-OC43, one of the HCoVs, can be used to screen drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2. We determined the antiviral effects of FDA/EMA-approved drug anastrozole (AZ) on two human coronaviruses, HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-229E, using MRC-5 cells in vitro. The AZ exhibited antiviral effects against HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-229E infection. Subsequent studies focused on HCoV-OC43, which is related…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ACE2 improves endothelial cell function and reduces acute lung injury by downregulating FAK expression</strong> - Endothelial cell (EC) barrier dysfunction and increased adhesion of immune inflammatory cells to ECs crucially contribute to acute lung injury (ALI). Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an essential regulator of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and exerts characteristic vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory effects. SARS-COV-2 infects the lungs by binding to ACE2, which can lead to dysregulation of ACE2 expression, further leading to ALI with predominantly vascular inflammation and…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Analyzing the impact of COVID-19 on consumption behaviors through recession and recovery patterns</strong> - The COVID-19 outbreak has dramatically impacted the economy, particularly consumption behaviors. Studies on how consumption responses to COVID-19 can be a powerful aid for urban consumption recovery. In this paper, based on a high-frequency consumption dataset from January 6, 2020, to April 28, 2020 covering 18 sectors and dataset from the corresponding lunar period in 2021, we look at how COVID-19 changed how people spent their money by looking at patterns of recession and recovery during the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Informatics and Computational Approaches for the Discovery and Optimization of Natural Product-Inspired Inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 2’-<em>O</em>-Methyltransferase</strong> - The urgent need for new classes of orally available, safe, and effective antivirals─covering a breadth of emerging viruses─is evidenced by the loss of life and economic challenges created by the HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 pandemics. As frontline interventions, small-molecule antivirals can be deployed prophylactically or postinfection to control the initial spread of outbreaks by reducing transmissibility and symptom severity. Natural products have an impressive track record of success as prototypic…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Identifying novel inhibitors targeting Exportin-1 for the potential treatment of COVID-19</strong> - The nuclear export protein 1 (XPO1) mediates the nucleocytoplasmic transport of proteins and ribonucleic acids (RNAs) and plays a prominent role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. XPO1 has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach to interfere with the lifecycle of many viruses. In our earlier study, we proved the inhibition of XPO1 as a therapeutic strategy for managing SARS-COV-2 and its variants. In this study, we have utilized pharmacophore-assisted computational methods to identify…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Klotho-derived peptide KP1 ameliorates SARS-CoV-2-associated acute kidney injury</strong> - Introduction: The severe cases of COVID-19, a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), often present with acute kidney injury (AKI). Although old age and preexisting medical conditions have been identified as principal risk factors for COVID-19-associated AKI, the molecular basis behind such a connection remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the pathogenic role of Klotho deficiency in COVID-19-associated AKI and explored the therapeutic potential…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Peptidyl nitroalkene inhibitors of main protease rationalized by computational and crystallographic investigations as antivirals against SARS-CoV-2</strong> - The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to represent a global public health issue. The viral main protease (M^(pro)) represents one of the most attractive targets for the development of antiviral drugs. Herein we report peptidyl nitroalkenes exhibiting enzyme inhibitory activity against M^(pro) (K(i): 1-10 μM) good anti-SARS-CoV-2 infection activity in the low micromolar range (EC(50): 1-12 μM) without significant toxicity. Additional kinetic studies of compounds FGA145,…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Longitudinal single cell atlas identifies complex temporal relationship between type I interferon response and COVID-19 severity</strong> - Due to the paucity of longitudinal molecular studies of COVID-19, particularly those covering the early stages of infection (Days 1-8 symptom onset), our understanding of host response over the disease course is limited. We perform longitudinal single cell RNA-seq on 286 blood samples from 108 age- and sex-matched COVID-19 patients, including 73 with early samples. We examine discrete cell subtypes and continuous cell states longitudinally, and we identify upregulation of type I IFN-stimulated…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Quantitative comparison of nuclear transport inhibition by SARS coronavirus ORF6 reveals the importance of oligomerization</strong> - Open Reading Frame 6 (ORF6) proteins, which are unique to severe acute respiratory syndrome-related (SARS) coronavirus, inhibit the classical nuclear import pathway to antagonize host antiviral responses. Several alternative models were proposed to explain the inhibitory function of ORF6 [H. Xia et al., Cell Rep. 33, 108234 (2020); L. Miorin et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 117, 28344-28354 (2020); and M. Frieman et al., J. Virol. 81, 9812-9824 (2007)]. To distinguish these models and build…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>NF9 peptide specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte clone cross react to Y453F mutation of SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein</strong> - The recognition by cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) is essential for the clearance of SARS-CoV-2 virus-infected cells. Several viral proteins have been described to be recognized by CTLs. Among them, the spike (S) protein is one of the immunogenic proteins. The S protein acts as a ligand for its receptors, and several mutants with different affinities for its cognate receptors have been reported, and certain mutations in the S protein, such as L452R and Y453F, have been found to inhibit the…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sofia Coppola’s Path to Filming Gilded Adolescence</strong> - There are few Hollywood families in which one famous director has spawned another. Coppola says, “It’s not easy for anyone in this business, even though it looks easy for me.” - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2024/01/29/sofia-coppola-profile">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How to Eat a Tire in a Year, by David Sedaris</strong> - Walking and talking with my friend Dawn. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2024/01/29/how-to-eat-a-tire-in-a-year-david-sedaris">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Rules for the Ruling Class</strong> - How to thrive in the power élite—while declaring it your enemy. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2024/01/29/rules-for-the-ruling-class">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Woman Who Spent Five Hundred Days in a Cave</strong> - Beatriz Flamini liked to be alone so much that she decided to live underground—and pursue a world record. The experience was gruelling and surreal. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2024/01/29/the-woman-who-spent-five-hundred-days-in-a-cave">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Trump on the Trail and on Trial</strong> - Is it clever, or deluded, for Trump—who complained last week that he has been indicted more times than Al Capone—to see his trials as a political opportunity? - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2024/01/29/trump-on-the-trail-and-on-trial">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>The complicated lives and deaths of TikTok’s illness influencers</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="An illustration from the perspective of a person making a TikTok video. Their reflection, a close up of their eye, is seen on the screen of the smart phone recording the video in the center of the frame. Behind the phone is a ring light. Seen in the background of the image is a desk covered in medical supplies, including several pill bottles and an IV. There is also a vase of orange flowers. " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/pgcXauZlkEDikjYHvIMXbfq4z5Y=/453x0:2613x1620/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72929068/231129_xinmei_Vox_Dying_Online_final.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Xinmei Liu for Vox
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A ‘day in the life’ at the end of a life
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qzKM2S">
Madison Baloy began making <a href="https://www.vox.com/tiktok">TikTok</a> videos at the beginning of the Covid lockdown because her very cute “weenie dog” Binks (as in Jar Jar) deserved an audience. But the real views — the brand deal views — came after her stage 4 cancer diagnosis earlier this year. With 7 million views, her breakout video was a “get ready with me” for the day she got her head tattoo, a depiction of the sun. Baloy has illustrations of two tarot cards, the sun and the moon, hanging above her bed.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5vqPnl">
Every tarot card has two meanings, which depend on how you’re looking at it. The sun, viewed upright, means contentment, good results for tough struggles, and vitality. Reversed, the sun’s warmth is blocked by clouds, instead symbolizing pessimism, difficult setbacks, and sadness. Baloy’s account, <span class="citation" data-cites="fruitsnackmaddy">@fruitsnackmaddy</span>, radiates both orientations. On it, she’s shared a makeup tutorial for her evening out at the club with her oncologist. She filmed her own PET scan. She talked about the severity of her anxiety while revealing her favorite product to keep her head moisturized: Renee’s Shea Souffle hair and scalp oil by Lush. (Lush later mailed her a package of free products.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KdYEnz">
“Come spend the day with me,” Baloy says in a day-in-the-life video, “because I don’t know how many I have left.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pOAMM2">
Baloy is just one of a cohort of creators with life-threatening illnesses sharing their lives with the world on TikTok. There’s also Erin Lennon, a 26-year-old with 312,000 followers who makes TikToks (including many poking fun at her own impending death) from her shockingly pink bedroom. Amanda Tam, a 23-year-old in Quebec with ALS, said that her account began as a joke but has quickly become an advocacy tool. Kasey Altman launched a podcast and research fund after documenting her life with a stage 4 rare sarcoma. Altman died in 2022. <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@kasey.altman">Her family now maintains her account</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="44g1dc">
The first video of Altman’s that I remember seeing is also <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@kasey.altman/video/7044649738402024710?lang=en">one of her most viewed</a>: a dark joke about getting diagnosed set to the sound of a playlist <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@boiwhatdahelllboi1/">abruptly transitioning</a> from Nirvana’s “Smells Like Teen Spirit” into “Sicko Mode” by Travis Scott — a popular TikTok meme. While some of her videos, that one included, feel like sly infiltrations into TikTok’s meme culture that grab your attention before delivering an unexpected punchline, Altman made others, about people with cancer and her “cancer friends.” Watching her account over time provided a carefully packaged glimpse of a personal experience with terminal illness.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="U9Xs65">
Personal stories about serious illness are hardly uncommon. Yet the preeminent narrators of sickness and dying in America tend to be people and institutions that are not ill, Anita Hannig, an anthropologist and death educator whose research focuses on the cultural components of the medical system, told me. Before the 19th century, clergy and other religious figures spoke for and to the dying, issuing last rites, guiding the mourning, enforcing the standards required for a religious burial. A burgeoning funeral industry, and then the medical system, then picked up as primary narrators for the dying. Patient voices remain plentiful and important, but not nearly as influential on how we think about sickness and death.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="a3cyJ0">
Susan Sontag, recovering from grueling treatment for stage 4 breast cancer in 1978, wrote that “illness is not a metaphor.” She was trying to nullify the mythologies of illness as a spiritual test, divine justice, or a poetic coda to how a person’s life was lived. Illness is just illness, she argued. “Sick” and “healthy” are not personality types, and all of us will, at different times in our lives, be both.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TW9VNW">
When I started getting videos from seriously ill creators on my TikTok For You page, I let myself briefly think that I’d found something Sontag was looking for. If anything can be content, then maybe turning illness into social media posts flattens it within TikTok’s meme culture, rendering it just like anything else. If TikTok’s algorithms can create a custom deck of shuffled cards for each user, then sickness content is just one of the suits.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="thsMm5">
But these stories — whether held in an archive of personal letters, a widely discussed lecture, or on the For You pages of millions — are all shaped by the expectations of the “well.” Turning sickness into content can get views. And just like any content, not all people, or illnesses, have an equal chance of going viral.
</p>
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="O99puF"/>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5D5fza">
The #BreastCancer hashtag on TikTok has 2.9 billion views. The fight against this illness has a marketing army and deep pockets. Meanwhile, #SickleCellAnemia, an inherited blood disease that is most common in Black people, has just 40 million views.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hqdper">
People often look for inspiration in the stories of strangers who are sick or dying, says <a href="https://seis.ucla.edu/faculty-and-research/faculty-directory/tonia-sutherland">Tonia Sutherland</a>, an assistant professor of information studies at UCLA, whose work focuses on the intersections of memory, community, and technology. “We want to hold up those stories and narratives and be like, ‘Yes. That was a beautifully lived life,” she said. There’s a judgment there.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="m7OAi0">
In reality, not every sick or dying person expresses themselves so predictably. At times, viewers seeking an ideal of a “dying person” in a terminally ill person’s TikToks can get angry when they instead find a human being. Some of the creators told me that when their content didn’t meet the expectations of how a sick person is supposed to be, they faced harassment and vitriol from strangers.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Bq7I3v">
Krystal Lee, a 34-year-old with spinal muscular atrophy who posts to TikTok and Instagram as SuperGimpChick, said she has dealt with commenters trying to fat-shame her and criticize what she’s publicly shared about her end-of-life decisions. Baloy said she’s gotten pushback for swearing in her videos, a trait that some find unbecoming of someone with terminal cancer. One 2019 study suggests that GoFundMe campaigns for people with lung cancer actually do better if the pitch mentions that the beneficiary is a “non-smoker.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZyEMN7">
Sometimes, even posting about illness can feel like a transgression. When Amanda Tam, the 23-year-old with ALS, posted what would become her breakout TikTok video, she was worried her doctor would see it and be mad at her. In the video, Tam dances to a popular TikTok sound called “My Happy Song,” with a caption that reads, “How my doctor thought I would react when she told me I’m dying but I still have to get a job and be an adult.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bzPw6E">
Tam had nothing to worry about. Her ALS team saw the video on their own For You pages, and loved it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OoZfZ5">
“We valorize this idea of having a stiff upper lip and not complaining,” said Hannig, the anthropologist. Sick people are supposed to suffer in silence. Those who are dying of their illness, Sutherland noted, are held up as virtuous when they use their final moments to inspire others, so long as they fit the mold of the sort of person whose thoughts are considered worthy.
</p>
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="OdEDYA"/>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JmlFCU">
Shortly after her diagnosis with life-threatening synovial sarcoma, Natasha Allen told her mom that she was going to make a quick Instagram post letting people know she had cancer.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="03JPqt">
“I remember my mom being like, ‘Why do you have to tell people?’ That it should be more of a private struggle, I guess,” Allen told me. But sharing became a way to pull back the pressure of needing to present to the world a version of herself that wasn’t sick. “I need to be more open, to be more graceful to myself. That’s what I told my mom.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5isOKD">
Plus, finding ways to connect with people isn’t always easy when you’re young and terminally ill. Allen’s particular form of cancer was rare, particularly in younger people. So she couldn’t find people like her online talking about it. Her TikTok account now has nearly 150,000 followers.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="M6rdm1">
“People have this view of someone being older. I’ve had a lot of people saying, ‘You don’t look sick,’” Allen said. People are also surprised when she mentions that she’s working full-time while going through treatment.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="L3FLQb">
“Not everyone has the privilege to just be able to be sick,” she said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IqagpD">
This, I think, is one of the biggest disconnects between creators sharing their lives with serious illnesses and the outsiders gazing in through their algorithmic feeds: that sick people aren’t always just sick. Their status is not always immediately identifiable from a quick glance. Illness is a part of Allen’s identity these days. But it’s not always the main thing she has going on.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vA9A5X">
These divisions are also very visible in what I’ll call Disability TikTok. There are three groups of creators who tend to get views in this space: people who have a disability, people who are care partners or loved ones of people with a disability, and medical professionals who work in a related field. These different categories of creators can end up in tension with each other, especially when people who are not living with a disability become the louder voices speaking about it. For instance, dementia content is hugely popular on TikTok, and the overwhelming majority of it is posted by care partners of people who have dementia — for example, people who do not have cognitive decline — raising questions about the ethics of telling the story of someone <a href="https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/02/16/1045322/dementia-consent-tiktok-online-ethics/">who cannot consent to being filmed</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="B807SW">
People with serious illnesses face their own version of this. Allen described the phenomenon of “cancer muggles,” an online term popular in some cancer support spaces for people who have not had cancer themselves but feel compelled to offer advice to those who do have it. Some will rattle off hopeful stories of someone they know who “beat” stage 4 cancer. (Which cancer, Allen often mentally replies.) Others hop in the comments of her posts recommending bogus miracle “cures,” like green smoothies and soursop, a fruiting tree with <a href="https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrative-medicine/herbs/graviola">no proven benefits </a>for cancer patients as a treatment. She does what she can to address these comments, debunking and adding context, to minimize the harm caused by this misinformation latching onto her posts.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nbSHHP">
The comments section is also where Allen makes some of the most meaningful connections. After wandering the halls at UCLA’s sarcoma oncology center, where everyone she saw looked older than her, she started spending more time on TikTok during her chemo sessions. And she found more people like her. They’d comment on her videos that they had cancer, too, that they remembered that thing about chemo. And they liked her jokes.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0nPjob">
Allen has a self-described dark sense of humor. When she’d try to poke fun at her illness among friends, they’d tell her not to say it. “But then when I would do it online,” she said, “people were like, ‘My gosh, I feel it.’”
</p>
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="UHWg7J"/>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="M48mai">
TikTok is a bunch of niche interests smashed together algorithmically, sometimes alongside the overlapping interests of other people. Getting TikTok views beyond a single niche requires knowing how to cross those borders. Baloy showed up on my For You page over the summer, thanks to a video where she rolled a 20-sided die to randomize her choices on a chemotherapy day, a video that bridged the boundaries between Dungeons &amp; Dragons TikTok and cancer TikTok.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lTzgAr">
People like me are lurkers on the platform: Sure, I’ve posted about my ridiculously cute cats, but I do not have a following beyond my circle of preexisting friends. For me, the site is like a never-ending movie. But gain a degree of fame within a niche, and you’ll start finding your mutuals.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xKrYhC">
“Mutuals,” as it does on any social media site, means two people who follow each other’s accounts on the same platform. There can also be a deeper meaning to the relationship, one that goes beyond the transactional nature of follower and followed. For Baloy, her mutuals became a group chat of other young women with stage 4 cancer.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="E78vHI">
Allen’s first TikTok “cancer friend” left a comment on one of her videos, saying, “Hey, I also have a rare sarcoma,” Allen recalled. It was Kasey Altman, the TikToker I’d seen on my feed a couple of years ago. Altman was living in New York City at the time, working for Google. Allen, who was in LA going through treatment, had always wanted to move to New York. Before Altman messaged her, she’d even looked up which cancer center she’d go to for follow-ups in New York. Allen eventually made it happen, and she and Altman met up in New York. They talked. They understood each other. It felt nice.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="q9ckW8">
Both were in remission when they met. Then Altman’s cancer came back, and then Allen’s did, too. When Altman died, Allen went to her Celebration of Life, where she met her friend’s parents and boyfriend. They all still check in from time to time.
</p>
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="FZogJY"/>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LaX0e5">
Baloy, the TikToker with the sun tattoo, knows that, in many ways, she’s a highly marketable sick person. She’s young, white, educated, and knows what she’s doing on social media. Plus, she says, beauty companies love to get brand deals with people going through chemotherapy. So even though she didn’t start posting in order to get famous, she knew what would get views.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JApz1e">
“To a degree, it’s following the formula, right?” she said. “I had something that was just a few degrees away from ‘normalcy.’ I had the relatability factor of conventionally attractive 25-year-old. Many people can see me and recognize themselves as that.” She also has little else to do these days, since she stopped working as a kindergarten teacher shortly after beginning treatment. Even so, maintaining a TikTok presence can amount to more than a hobby.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zUXkFo">
There are many immaterial reasons someone might become an <a href="https://www.vox.com/influencers">influencer</a> while dying or seriously ill. A number of creators told me they’d forged personal connections on TikTok and found an outlet for feelings that were difficult to express in their offline lives. But there are also material reasons to post. Being a good content creator and a marketable sick person can lead to financial support in addition to being heard.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dxqIE2">
Baloy, Allen, and Tam all have active GoFundMe campaigns to support their costly treatments, and those campaigns have benefited from the size of their social media presences. Allen’s family was on an HMO when she sought treatment for her rare cancer, but none of their local oncologists had treated that particular illness before. So she found a doctor at UCLA, which was not in her insurance company’s network. Her family had to pay out of pocket. The TikTok-fueled boost to her GoFundMe helps.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6zWtZL">
“If you’re going to be spotted by somebody who might be able to throw some cash your way, somebody who’s doing an experimental treatment, that kind of visibility is what could save your life,” said Sutherland.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0ybYMq">
A successful social media career could also allow you to set up your family with financial stability after you die. It could raise funds for research, and it can make a rare illness visible. But being a content creator, even for the “well,” is exhausting.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vZ2run">
When Baloy and I spoke, she was preparing for another chemo day. She wanted to film her chemo but was in a bit of a content rut. Her working concept was “how to serve at chemo,” as in the <a href="https://www.elle.com.au/culture/rupauls-drag-race-dictionary-19207">drag queen version</a> of “serving” an impeccable look on a runway. How-tos do well on TikTok, and that juxtaposition of “serving” and going to chemotherapy had an obvious dark humor to it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MgMMZW">
She did not serve, I learned later that week when she texted me. “I put together a bunch of clips, and I felt super uninspired,” she said. Several days later, <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@fruitsnackmaddy/video/7301786472846232875?lang=en">she posted a very different video</a>. It was supposed to be a tutorial for pork fried rice, an easy video to promote her tongue-in-cheek reminder to “eat like shit,” because a lifetime of healthy eating didn’t prevent her from getting cancer.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XHlCaY">
She opens the video in tears. She woke up that morning bloated from the previous night’s dinner. She looked in the mirror and thought she looked pregnant. The thought reminded her that she couldn’t get pregnant because of, you guessed it, the cancer. Then she wanted to make a soup to cheer herself up, but the carrots she wanted to use were “limp.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="b03oTd">
“People comment, ‘I don’t know how you handle this so well,’” she tells the camera. “I don’t! I don’t! I’ve been crying over these carrots for an hour. I know it’s not the carrots, but I don’t want to think about the stuff that’s actually making me cry.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="N9XBeN">
Then the video cuts back to the stove, where Baloy has regrouped, found some sausage and frozen vegetables, and is throwing together a fried rice dish. She throws the carrots in the trash, takes a bowl of food outside, and takes a bite.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mjU3hm">
Baloy smiles. “Cancer? I hardly know ’er.”
</p></li>
<li><strong>Is Nikki Haley a moderate or a conservative? Yes.</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A sign that reads “independents for Nikki” is stuck in the New Hampshire snow." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/H7xe08JLl4swj84dTyX4OmPsiBs=/25x0:2692x2000/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/73075024/1943353567.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
A campaign sign in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, urging independents to vote for Republican presidential candidate Nikki Haley. | Joe Raedle/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
She’s a down-the-line conservative on almost every issue — except for one really important one.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YU8Bzj">
People often refer to <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2023/2/14/23599194/nikki-haley-donald-trump-2024-presidential-campaign">Nikki Haley</a> as a “moderate.” But what<a href="https://jacobin.com/2023/12/nikki-haley-republican-anti-worker-conservative-presidential-candidate-union-busting"> does that really mean</a>?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="StSbSB">
In the traditional three main policy areas in <a href="https://www.vox.com/politics">US politics</a> — economic, social, and foreign policy — the former South Carolina governor’s platform is deeply conservative. Haley has endorsed<a href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/nikki-haley-doubles-down-promise-send-special-ops-eliminate-drug-cartels-mexico-border"> invading Mexico</a> and<a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4402756-trump-campaign-hits-haley-social-security-new-ad/"> increasing the age</a> at which Americans can receive Social Security benefits. She has called herself a proud “<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2023/09/20/scott-and-haley-attack-unions-as-uaw-strike-threatens-to-escalate.html">union buster</a>” and said that Florida’s infamous “don’t say gay” law<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/feb/17/nikki-haley-ron-desantis-dont-say-gay-law"> doesn’t go far enough</a>. She wants to<a href="https://www.taxpolicycenter.org/taxvox/what-nikki-haleys-tax-and-budget-platform"> cut taxes for the wealthy and hike them on green energy companies</a>. Those positions are not extreme enough to be out of step with the MAGAfied modern GOP, but they are not “moderate” by any reasonable definition of the word.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="INbu06">
But since the rise of <a href="https://www.vox.com/donald-trump">Donald Trump</a>, a fourth policy area has become central to American politics in the past few years: democracy. And in this area, Haley really does break with the GOP’s extremists. She has said Biden won<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/01/11/nikki-haley-january-6-republican-debate/"> the 2020 election and attacked Trump for denying it</a>. She called January 6 a “<a href="https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/elections/presidential/caucus/2024/01/06/january-6-anniversary-nikki-haley-ron-desantis-vivek-ramaswamy-donald-trump-lessons-learned/72133439007/">terrible day</a>,” supported prosecutions of rioters, and even suggested Trump should be held responsible.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="X8Ozmz">
Haley hasn’t made her campaign <em>about</em> these issues. But it’s very clear that, if elected, she wouldn’t wage war on the American political system<a href="https://www.vox.com/2023/5/13/23708595/trump-second-term-cnn-town-hall"> in the way Trump would</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WrwdeG">
This kind of basic support for free elections and the rule of law would not, prior to Trump, have been remotely controversial. But in today’s Republican Party, where a large majority of voters believe that Biden did not legitimately win the <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020-presidential-election">2020 election</a>, it requires a certain kind of political courage.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Y6ysri">
These stances are what truly earn the otherwise-conservative Haley the moniker “moderate.” But the very fact that she qualifies shows how far American politics has strayed from normal.
</p>
<h3 id="nNbMVs">
Democracy, moderation, and the right
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QhHe1n">
Prior to Trump, the term “moderate Republican” was typically used to refer to Republicans who advocated that the party take a more conciliatory approach in specific policy areas like<a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/624581-rnc-autopsy"> immigration</a>,<a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/how-politicians-came-support-criminal-justice-reform-n309966"> criminal justice</a>, and<a href="https://www.politico.com/story/2012/01/post-huntsman-climate-may-pose-perils-for-gop-071555"> climate change</a>. These kinds of moderates understood “moderation” in terms of traditional policy issues — arguing that, for some combination of substantive and political reasons, the Republican Party would be better off softening its rough edges. Such Republicans have generally conservative views but are willing to compromise with Democrats and sometimes embrace relatively liberal policy ideas.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aJpGnK">
When Mitt Romney was governor of Massachusetts in the 1990s, he passed<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2015/10/23/mitt-romney-admits-romneycare-had-to-precede-obamacare.html"> a state health care program that worked a lot like Obamacare</a>. In the late 2010s, Maryland Gov. Larry Hogan signed<a href="https://goccp.maryland.gov/governor-larry-hogan-announces-implementation-justice-reinvestment-act/"> bills eliminating mandatory minimums for drug convictions</a> and requiring a<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/md-politics/hogan-signs-environmental-bills-and-a-benefits-bill-for-surviving-children-of-police-officers-killed-in-the-line-of-duty/2016/04/04/ae686530-fa6c-11e5-80e4-c381214de1a3_story.html"> 40 percent cut in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030</a>. After the <a href="https://www.vox.com/scotus">Supreme Court</a> <a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/5/3/23055125/roe-v-wade-abortion-rights-supreme-court-dobbs-v-jackson">overturned <em>Roe v. Wade</em></a>, Sens. Lisa Murkowski (AK) and Susan Collins (ME) proposed legislation<a href="https://www.collins.senate.gov/newsroom/senators-collins-and-murkowski-introduce-bill-to-codify-supreme-court-decisions-on-reproductive-rights_roe-v-wade-and-planned-parenthood-v-casey#:~:text=Washington%2C%20D.C.%20%E2%80%93%20U.S.%20Senators%20Susan,Casey%20(1992)."> codifying <em>Roe</em>’s abortion protections into federal law</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jq325l">
This is what moderation looks like within a stable democracy: a willingness to compromise with the other side in specific policy areas. But when democracy itself is at risk of collapse, it makes sense to think of “moderate” in a somewhat different fashion: referring not to stances on the issues of the day, but to a more fundamental view on the proper relationship between conservatives and democratic institutions. When people call Haley a “moderate” today, this other meaning — or something like it — is what they have in mind.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gP7Bm7">
To clarify this alternative understanding of moderation, it’s helpful to turn to<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Conservative-Democracy-Cambridge-Comparative-Politics/dp/0521172993"> <em>Conservative Parties and the Birth of Democracy</em></a>, Harvard political scientist Daniel Ziblatt’s treatment of 19th- and early-20th-century Europe — the period during which democracy dethroned monarchy as the continent’s dominant governing ideology. Ziblatt shows how conservative parties (meaning those factions representing the interests of the elite classes and others hostile to social change) worked to accommodate their supporters to democracy. They would not have been called “moderate,” but they did play a moderating role.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Ty9btk">
Ziblatt’s research shows that countries with strong conservative parties tended to have relatively straightforward and stable paths to democracy. By contrast, those with weak conservative parties tended to democratize more erratically, often involving bloodshed and right-wing counter-coups.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZJIzv4">
This, he argues, is a result of the conservative parties’ role in changing their backers’ attitudes toward democracy. In countries with strong conservative parties, elites felt as though they could get enough of what they wanted through elections to be comfortable with democracy. In countries with weak conservative parties, by contrast, these classes felt as though democracy itself posed a danger to their wealth and status — and felt a need to strike at the system to protect their positions of privilege.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rALkSV">
“Well-organized and highly institutionalized partisan old regime interests provided a way of ‘lowering the costs of toleration,’ and thus making democracy safe for key segments of old regime elites,” Ziblatt wrote.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="J0RT6E">
Nikki Haley is a “moderate” in a related sense. With American democracy under threat from Trump and his MAGA movement, there’s a desperate need for a faction to play the role of 19th-century English Tories: convincing the right-wing sectors of American society that they can advance their policy aims through the system, without resorting to Trump-style radicalism.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ohtDXY">
The best case for Haley is that her victory could theoretically turn the GOP into such a party.
</p>
<h3 id="RkgxrB">
Why Haley-style moderation isn’t working — for her or democracy
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kdAb9e">
But there’s a fundamental difference between the 19th century and today. Back then, the parties served to domesticate a threat to democracy emanating from the social elite. Today, the Republican Party is the source of the threat. The party has been <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/22274429/republicans-anti-democracy-13-charts">institutionally captured by its extreme faction</a>, to the point where<a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/7/6/23144343/end-of-conservatism-roe"> many moderates in the pre-Trump sense have been driven out</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BltqsX">
In such a radical environment, Haley obviously couldn’t run as an old-school moderate. She couldn’t flee to Trump’s right: That strategy has been tried repeatedly (<a href="https://www.vox.com/politics/24034491/iowa-caucus-results-polls-desantis-trump-haley-ramaswamy-republican-party">most recently by Ron DeSantis</a>) and found wanting. And she couldn’t wage a frontal assault on Trump’s authoritarian tendencies in a party where large majorities believe the 2020 election was stolen; <a href="https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2024/01/christie-drops-out-blasts-other-trump-rivals-as-cowards.html">that’s why Chris Christie flamed out</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BaV0gR">
So Haley tried to thread a very difficult needle: campaigning as a true conservative on policy, while adopting a sunny affect and distancing herself from Trump’s lies about the 2020 election.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="b5UBrY">
This looks, in hindsight, like a better tack than the ones taken by her rivals. In New Hampshire, an open-primary state with a tradition of moderation, it may yield some limited dividends.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9LOPmg">
But in her home state of South Carolina, she’s down by 30 points in the <a href="https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2024/president/2024gop.html">RealClearPolitics poll average</a>. Nationally, she’s down by about 50. Haley’s brand of “moderation,” limited as it is, is out of touch with the Republican electorate and Party as a whole.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="p32G0x">
Once she loses, the rubber will hit the road for Nikki Haley’s moderate bona fides. Will she choose to endorse Trump and campaign for him, maximizing her relevance in the Republican Party? Or will she choose to put her commitment to democracy first and oppose him?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zXyBah">
On this, her track record is not very promising. You may recall she served as Trump’s ambassador to the United Nations, standing by him through the first two and a half tumultuous years of his presidency. And she has already said she would vote for Trump if he won the party’s nomination — <a href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/nikki-haley-vote-donald-trump-convicted/story?id=102524719">even in the event that he was found guilty of a felony</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RWESlG">
Perhaps Haley will surprise us. But I have a nagging feeling that her commitment to democracy is subordinate to her commitment to her party and to her future success within it. If that proves correct, then her brand of moderation will be exposed to be something worse than limited: fake.
</p></li>
<li><strong>How do you become a billionaire? Try having billionaire parents.</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A drawing of one set of hands offering a bag with a dollar sign on it to another set of hands." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Z2OGnmr0enGJjWqTVzxrRhdy2jE=/1494x0:8301x5105/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/73074959/GettyImages_1312670162.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Most Americans have never received an inheritance — but among billionaires, inheritance is a key tool of growing already-enormous family fortunes. | Getty Images/iStockphoto
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The great billionaire wealth transfer means people born very, very rich are going to stay very, very rich.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YMGwQ1">
In late 2023, the richest woman in the world <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-12-28/l-oreal-heir-francoise-bettencourt-meyers-is-first-woman-to-hit-100-billion">became a centibillionaire</a>. But she didn’t get there by building an <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/23553730/jeff-bezos-philanthropy-giving-pledge-charity">online shopping empire</a> or by <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/22218999/elon-musk-richest-person-world-jeff-bezos">selling sleek EVs</a>. She did it the good old-fashioned way: by inheriting it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LRKmqz">
The scion of the French beauty brand L’Oréal, Françoise Bettencourt Meyers saw the value of her stake in the company shoot up during the <a href="https://www.vox.com/money/23728283/luxury-designer-boom-nike-lvmh-pandemic-le-creuset">rush of cosmetics and luxury fashion spending</a> that’s taken place in the last few years. She’s far from alone in receiving billions from a parent. A <a href="https://www.ubs.com/global/en/media/display-page-ndp/en-20231130-the-great-wealth-transfer.html">recent report</a> from the investment bank UBS highlighted a milestone: In 2023, for the first time in the nine years it’s been publishing this data, inherited billionaire wealth outstripped new billionaire wealth.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bB9X6U">
Billionaires have been minted at a dizzying pace in the last few decades — in 1987 Forbes counted 140, while in 2023 the tally was 2,640 — and we’ve now returned to the point in the cycle where enormous piles of wealth are passed on to the next generation. “This is how wealth dynasties are formed,” says Chuck Collins, director of the Program on Inequality and the Common Good at the left-leaning think tank Institute for Policy Studies. The only thing that’s new in 2024 is that the piles of money are bigger than ever.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="b4YVEC">
Not only are there more billionaires today, their average wealth keeps ticking up too, thanks to historic <a href="https://www.vox.com/stock-market">stock market</a> returns. On top of that, heirs are receiving wealth transfers earlier in life, rather than waiting for the death or near death of a family member. All this underscores the truth that having money remains the best way to get more money. Perhaps there’s nowhere that’s truer than in the US, home to the most billionaires, despite the pervasive myth of hardscrabble, self-made entrepreneurs climbing to the top of the socioeconomic ladder. If you’re born poor, you’re <a href="https://opportunityinsights.org/national_trends/">likely to stay poor</a>; if you’re born super rich, you’ll probably get even richer.
</p>
<h3 id="Y31v47">
What do billionaires do with their riches anyway?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xD3gmY">
Many heirs are involved with the family business in some way, often weaving in and out of it. Bettencourt Meyers, the 70-year-old L’Oréal heir, sits on the company’s board but mostly chooses to live a quiet life as a writer who enjoys playing the piano. America’s richest heirs, the Waltons of Walmart fortune, collectively command <a href="https://www.forbes.com/families/list/">almost $250 billion</a>. Rob, the eldest son of the founder, was a longtime chair of Walmart’s board of directors. In 2022, he spearheaded a <a href="https://www.nfl.com/news/nfl-owners-approve-walton-penner-family-s-purchase-of-denver-broncos-franchise">family effort to buy the Denver Broncos</a>. Jim, the youngest son, is the former CEO and current board chair of the family-owned bank. Alice, the only daughter, collects art (she even founded her own museum) and is soon opening a <a href="https://www.axios.com/local/nw-arkansas/2023/09/05/bentonville-medical-school-health-nonprofit-alice-walton">health institute and medical school</a>. Their family foundation has mostly <a href="https://www.waltonfamilyfoundation.org/learning/flash-cards/25-years-of-public-charter-schools">prioritized expanding charter schools</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TRlMBM">
Whatever heirs do with their hand-me-downs, chances are they’ll stay extremely rich — if not grow much richer. Though there are a surprising number of <a href="https://www.rbcwealthmanagement.com/en-us/insights/inheritance-planning-beating-the-shirtsleeves-to-shirtsleeves-adage">proverbs</a> about the “<a href="https://business.smu.edu.sg/master-wealth-management/lkcsb-community/how-beat-third-generation-curse">third-generation curse</a>” in which grandchildren fritter away the family fortune, when you inherit billions with a B, the real challenge appears to be spending that largesse down. The same goes for newly minted billionaires: Just look at MacKenzie Scott, whose wealth comes from her marriage to <a href="https://www.vox.com/amazon">Amazon</a> founder <a href="https://www.vox.com/jeff-bezos">Jeff Bezos</a>. She has given away over $16 billion to charity since 2019, when her net worth was <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jeff-mackenzie-bezos-divorce-official-settlement-38-billion-2019-7">about $38 billion</a>. As of January 2024, she was worth more than <a href="https://www.forbes.com/profile/mackenzie-scott/?sh=6b8ca0f2243d">$41 billion</a>.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<aside id="ikZD61">
<q>When you inherit billions with a B, the real challenge appears to be spending that largesse down</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="q4I7Dd">
This is by and large a testament to the blockbuster stock market returns shareholders have received in recent decades. If you invested $10,000 in 1980 into the S&amp;P 500 — a stock index tracking the 500 biggest companies on the market — it would have amounted to <a href="https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/heres-what-10000-investment-sp-500-index-fund-1980-would-be-worth-today-2018-02-08">$760,000 in 2018</a>. Alongside the explosion of double- and even triple-digit billionaires, managing wealth has become a <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-09-01/how-new-wealth-few-rules-fuel-family-office-boom">professionalized industry</a>. We’ve seen <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-09-01/how-new-wealth-few-rules-fuel-family-office-boom">an explosion of so-called family offices</a>, whose employees work full time on preserving and growing a single clan’s assets. A <a href="https://ips-dc.org/report-americas-wealth-dynasties-2021/">2021 Institute of Policy Studies report</a> on American wealth dynasties found that 27 of the top 50 richest families on Forbes’ <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2020/12/17/billion-dollar-dynasties-these-are-the-richest-families-in-america/?sh=30f7fbb772c7">2020 Billion-Dollar Dynasties list</a> were already represented on the magazine’s list of 400 richest Americans in 1983 — and their wealth, collectively, had multiplied more than tenfold since then.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BrxbLD">
Don’t hold your breath for an onslaught of billionaire heirs suddenly giving their inheritances away for the betterment of society. One insight from the UBS report is that heirs tend to be much less interested in <a href="https://www.vox.com/philanthropy">philanthropy</a> than first-gen billionaires. A theory as to why, according to Collins, is that “the first generation has some confidence in their ability to create wealth,” while the second generation doesn’t. “We know that the second generation, third generation are more concerned about protecting wealth than creating it,” he continues. “They invest a lot in wealth defense; they invest a lot in lobbying.” That means opposing any <a href="https://www.vox.com/money/23634085/biden-2024-budget-billionaire-tax-capital-gains">wealth tax</a> or income tax hikes on the rich, or fighting regulations that would close loopholes that have long allowed billionaires to minimize what they owe to the government. It’s a sign that “the tax system on wealth has become more optional,” says Collins.
</p>
<h3 id="0sF5Il">
The ultrarich are passing money down to their kids earlier out of fear
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="atKXJH">
There are a lot of reasons why ultrarich parents might be handing over some of their net worth — whether it’s via cash, stocks, a nice piece of property, a family business, or an art collection — sooner rather than later. Most of them involve fear of how their wealth might be lost.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VpsS6N">
For one, there’s the gnawing anxiety that estate tax and trust laws could tighten up. Circumstances have been <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2023/1/4/23413342/us-tax-havens-billionaires-wealthy">pretty friendly for transferring wealth</a> (in 2024, the first $13.6 million being passed on is completely exempt from the federal estate tax). But that could, in theory, change. The rich are well aware of the mounting political hunger to address yawning wealth inequality in the US, including by implementing a wealth tax that would apply to their assets (which they have a lot of) rather than just taxing income (which they tend to rely much less on).
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="phim3B">
The wealth-transfer rush may also have to do with a different kind of fear. Some ultrarich are “fearful of what the next generation will do with it,” says Michael Kosnitzky, co-chair of the law firm Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman’s Private Client &amp; Family Office practice group. “There have always been differences in how older and younger generations view wealth. But I believe that today there are very profound differences in how the next generation thinks about wealth and money. And the older generation believes that there is a need to get ahead of that now.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lJMr3j">
There are trusts that simply stop heirs from <a href="https://www.nerdwallet.com/article/investing/estate-planning/spendthrift-trust">impulsively wasting their money</a>; some feel that “the next generation just doesn’t have the work ethic,” says Kosnitzky. But parents transferring wealth earlier is another way to proactively control how it’s spent because they’ll still be alive to see it used. Predecessor and heir often don’t see eye to eye on the best use of a fortune — whether it’s how to run the family business, what political causes to donate to, or, in some cases, whether keeping such a great fortune is even ethical or should be <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/23141993/anticapitalist-investing-rich-heirs-explainer">given away</a>.
</p>
<h3 id="cJrzdb">
How billionaires shrink our opportunities
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ixLv9n">
Getting an inheritance remains a rarity in the US. As of 2022, data from the Federal Reserve shows, only about <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2023/11/10/inheritance-america-taxes-equality/">a fifth of American households</a> had ever received an inheritance. According to New York University professor Edward Wolff, the most common inheritance amount as of a few years ago was <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/22320272/inheritance-money-wealth-transfer-estate-tax">between $10,000 and $50,000</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EJs33p">
The <a href="https://realtimeinequality.org/">Realtime Inequality tracker</a> indicates that the bottom 50 percent of American adults — about 125 million people — collectively owned about $1.1 trillion as of January 2023. That’s about how much the eight richest people in the US own together, based on their <a href="https://www.forbes.com/real-time-billionaires/#5d2315613d78">current net worth listed on Forbes</a>. This is despite the fact that the <a href="https://theintercept.com/2022/10/21/economy-wealth-pandemic-inflation/">wealth of the bottom 50 percent doubled</a> in the past few years.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oWD3US">
The immense wealth of billionaires is not <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-bad-is-inequality-trickle-down-economics-thomas-piketty-economists-2021-12">trickling down</a>. It just gets passed to a handful of people from generation to generation. And this closed loop has repercussions on the rest of society. Economic research shows that high wealth inequality coincides with lower intergenerational mobility, meaning the presence of a lot of really rich people goes hand in hand with ordinary people struggling to do better financially than their parents did — an observation dubbed the <a href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/696058?mobileUi=0&amp;">Great Gatsby Curve</a>. According to <a href="https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jep.27.3.79">research</a> by City University of New York economist Miles Corak, wealth chasms make it more likely for “family background to play a stronger role” in determining your success in adulthood, with your “own hard work playing a commensurately weaker role.”
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<aside id="kFo6tg">
<q>Economic research shows that high wealth inequality coincides with lower intergenerational mobility</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xWQOA8">
For all that America is championed as a land of opportunities and bootstraps, the hundreds of billionaires that have popped up here since the ’80s may actually mean your hustle and grind matter less today.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jRxqzk">
According to economist Salvatore Morelli, director of the <a href="https://wealthproject.gc.cuny.edu/">GC Wealth Project</a>, the US once had a relatively low incidence of inheritance compared to other developed countries, but it has started to shift to a “European level” of inheritance. The gap between the haves and have-nots shapes “the opportunity and the chances that people start with in their life,” he tells Vox. Examples of unequal opportunities include things like education: You might have the grades to attend an Ivy League school, but if someone’s parent is a billionaire who can outspend yours to hire the most expensive college consultants and even make a generous donation to the school, that heir may just snatch your spot. With an exploding number of ultrarich families in the US, the bar for having a chance at financial success — even a slim chance — keeps getting raised.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gGYZZh">
It seems like at some point, this inequality will become impossible to bear — an “oligarchy tipping point,” Collins calls it — due to too much instability and polarization.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WPHPXz">
But rather than become disillusioned with the idea of fairness, growing inequality may actually lead to people believing more strongly that society is fair, according to <a href="https://academic.oup.com/ser/article-abstract/19/1/7/5299221?redirectedFrom=fulltext">research by sociologist Jonathan Mijs</a>. The theory goes that inequality is so great that it needs similarly great justification — something like believing the explosion of American billionaires proves how much they’ve been working harder, innovating harder, being geniuses harder than ever before. The American dream and the idea that so many “self-made” rich people in the US went from rags to riches may paradoxically make Americans more accepting of inequality. Don’t let the reality that many of those billions come from Mom and Dad get in the way.
</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Hussamuddin returns to India’s World Qualification Tournament boxing squad</strong> - KOLKATA</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Australian Open 2024 tennis | Red-hot Alcaraz races into quarterfinals, Medvedev wins</strong> - The Spanish second seed, who will next face sixth seed Alexander Zverev, is locked in a fierce battle with Novak Djokovic for the world number one spot and is also after his Melbourne crown.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Suryakumar Yadav named captain of ICC men’s T20I team of the year</strong> - Three more Indians in the team are Yashasvi Jaiswal, Ravi Bishnoi and Arshdeep Singh.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Paris Olympics 2024 | India placed in tough Pool B in men’s hockey competition</strong> - Bronze medallist in Tokyo Olympics have been clubbed with Belgium, Australia, Argentina, New Zealand and Ireland</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>IND vs ENG | Virat Kohli withdraws from first two Tests against England citing personal reasons</strong> - The BCCI urged the fans and media to refrain from speculating about the reason for his forced break. The five-match series begins in Hyderabad on January 25.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Lok Sabha elections 2024 | Karnataka has 5.38 crore voters in final electoral rolls</strong> - Between the draft and final rolls of 2024, as many as 10,81,110 electors have been added and 6,72,457 electors have been deleted</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>It has become a habit for top BJP leaders to behave irresponsibly and spread rumours: T.N. CM Stalin</strong> - Mr. Stalin dismissed Governor R N Ravi’s claim that there was sense of fear among the priests of a temple in Chennai saying it was a “jaundiced view.”</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Two TSRTC buses gutted in Hyderabad’s Dilsukhnagar depot</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Elanthoor human sacrifice case: Kerala High Court dismisses bail plea of accused</strong> - Petitioner submits that she has been behind the bars since October 25, 2022. As investigation is over and final report has been filed, there is no need to detain her in custody any longer</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>BJP is mixing politics with spirituality, Governor Ravi has joined hands with them: T.N. Minister Sekarbabu</strong> - The Minister said the allegations about the T.N. government’s ban on special pujas during the consecration of the temple in Ayodhya, was an attempt to portray the government as being against spirituality; he reiterated that there was no interference whatsoever in the conduct of temples</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>In Ukraine’s river war, drones mean nowhere is safe</strong> - Ukraine aims to build a million military drones in 2024. In Kherson, the BBC saw how vital they are.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Donetsk: Deadly blast hits market in Russia-held Ukraine city, officials say</strong> - Ukraine rejects accusations from the region’s Moscow-installed leader that it was responsible.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine drones hit St Petersburg gas terminal in Russia</strong> - An official in Kyiv tells the BBC the “special operation” is an economic blow to Russia.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Football racism: Forfeit matches when fans are racist - Fifa’s Infantino</strong> - Fifa president Gianni Infantino calls for an automatic forfeit of games for teams whose fans commit racist abuse.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Australian Open 2024 results: Novak Djokovic reaches quarter-finals with ruthless victory</strong> - Novak Djokovic moves ominously into the Australian Open quarter-finals with a ruthless thrashing of Adrian Mannarino.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What happens when an astronaut in orbit says he’s not coming back?</strong> - “If you guys don’t give me a chance to repair my instrument, I’m not going back.” - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1994083">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What happens when you trigger a car’s automated emergency stopping?</strong> - Experiencing the sequence of events in a car programmed for automated emergency stopping. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1995333">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Microsoft network breached through password-spraying by Russian-state hackers</strong> - Senior execs’ emails accessed in network breach that wasn’t caught for 2 months. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1997633">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Elizabeth Holmes barred from federal health programs for 90 years</strong> - The former Theranos CEO is barred from receiving payments from federal health program. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1997609">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>WordPad out; 80Gbps USB support and other Win 11 features in testing this month</strong> - Microsoft’s next batch of Windows 11 feature updates is taking shape. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1997547">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A married man was having an affair</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A married man was having an affair with his secretary. One day, their passions overcame them in the office and they took off for her house. Exhausted from the afternoon’s activities, they fell asleep and awoke at around 8 p.m. As the man threw on his clothes, he told the woman to take his shoes outside and rub them through the grass and dirt. Confused, she nonetheless complied and he slipped into his shoes and drove home. “Where have you been?” demanded his wife when he entered the house. “Darling,” replied the man, “I can’t lie to you. I’ve been having an affair with my secretary. I fell asleep in her bed and didn’t wake up until eight o’clock.” The wife glanced down at his shoes and said, "You liar! You’ve been playing golf!
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/dp37405"> /u/dp37405 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/19ckclh/a_married_man_was_having_an_affair/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/19ckclh/a_married_man_was_having_an_affair/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>One Monday morning, a man calls his boss and says, “I<code>m sorry sir, but I</code>m really sick. I think I am going to have to take the whole week off.”</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
His boss says, “This is going to be a very busy week, I really need you to be here. Whenever I feel sick, I just have a really good, hard, rough, doggy style fuck with my wife, then I always feel better. You should try that and see if it works for you.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Later that afternoon, the man calls his boss and says, “Sir, I tried what you suggested, and it worked! I feel way better! I will be in to work tomorrow morning at 9:00AM.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The boss says, “That`s great! See you tomorrow.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The man replies, " And by the way sir, your mahogany bedroom suite is absolutely beautiful."
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Steve_Starr"> /u/Steve_Starr </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/19cpfqw/one_monday_morning_a_man_calls_his_boss_and_says/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/19cpfqw/one_monday_morning_a_man_calls_his_boss_and_says/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A few days ago, I was out for my weekly 10k jog with my friend. We ran through a swarm of bees. He was stung, and collapsed within about 30 seconds</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He was looking in severe distress and was having trouble breathing, so I called 911. The ambulance got there in about 5 minutes, but he had already lost consciousness. They tried to revive him on the scene, but they said it was too late. He was gone. I was in total shock.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
I went to his wake yesterday. I offered my condolences to his wife Liz. She was in total shell-shock. He was 52 but in fantastic health. Jim ran every day, but we’d also meet up once per week to run 10k for fun, just to push each other a bit.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
So I told her “Liz, before Jim lost consciousness, he reached into his running shorts and pulled out this blue and yellow thing that says ‘EPI-PEN’ and gave it to me. It seemed to be very important to him, so I want you to have it”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/edfitz83"> /u/edfitz83 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/19cevsa/a_few_days_ago_i_was_out_for_my_weekly_10k_jog/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/19cevsa/a_few_days_ago_i_was_out_for_my_weekly_10k_jog/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A lady comes home from her doctor</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A lady comes home from her doctor’s appointment grinning from ear to ear. Her husband asks, “Why are you so happy?” The wife says, “The doctor told me that for a forty-five year old woman, I have the breasts of a eighteen year old.” “Oh yeah?” quipped her husband, “What did he say about your forty-five year old ass?” She said, “Your name never came up in the conversation.”
</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/dp37405"> /u/dp37405 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/19ckbbb/a_lady_comes_home_from_her_doctor/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/19ckbbb/a_lady_comes_home_from_her_doctor/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>An owl is sitting at the top of his very own pine tree</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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One day, the tree starts violently shaking. He looks down and sees an elephant at the bottom starting to climb the tree.
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“What do you think you’re doing?” Asks the owl.
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“Oh don’t mind me, I’m just coming up to eat some apples” Says the elephant.
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“You idiot, this is a pine tree, there are no apples up here” Says the owl.
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The elephant says “I brought my own”.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/brutalanglosaxon"> /u/brutalanglosaxon </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/19cksp9/an_owl_is_sitting_at_the_top_of_his_very_own_pine/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/19cksp9/an_owl_is_sitting_at_the_top_of_his_very_own_pine/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
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