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<title>17 October, 2021</title>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Connecting Self-Reported Social Distancing to Real-World Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic</strong> -
<div>
In an effort to combat COVID-19 and future pandemics, researchers have attempted to identify the factors underlying social distancing. Yet, much of this research relies on self-report measures. In two studies, we examine whether self- reported social distancing predicts objective distancing behavior. In Study 1, individuals’ self-reported social distancing predicted decreased mobility (assessed via smartphone step-counts) during the COVID-19 pandemic. While participants high in self-reported distancing (+1 SD) exhibited a 33% reduction in daily step-count, those low in distancing (-1 SD) exhibited only a 3% reduction. Study 2 extended these findings to the group-level. Self-reported social distancing at the U.S. state level accounted for 20% of the variance in states’ objective reduction in overall movement and visiting nonessential services (calculated via the GPS coordinates of ~15 million people). Collectively, our results indicate that self-reported social distancing tracks actual social distancing behavior.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/kvnwp/" target="_blank">Connecting Self-Reported Social Distancing to Real-World Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Psychiatric Manifestations and Associated Risk Factors among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Edo State, Nigeria.</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Objective The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had devastating effects globally. These effects are likely to result in mental health problems at different levels. Although studies have reported the mental health burden of the pandemic on the general population and frontline health workers, the impact of the disease on the mental health of patients in COVID-19 treatment and isolation centres have been understudied in Africa. We estimated the prevalence of depression and anxiety and associated risk factors in hospitalized persons with COVID-19. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 489 patients with COVID-19 at the three government-designated treatment and isolation centres in Edo State, Nigeria. The 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) tool were used to assess depression and anxiety respectively. Binary logistic regression was applied to determine risk factors of depression and anxiety. Results Of the 489 participants, 49.1% and 38.0% had depressive and anxiety symptoms respectively. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and combination of both were 16.2%, 12.9% and 9.0% respectively. Moderate-severe symptoms of COVID-19, ≥14 days in isolation, worrying about the outcome of infection and stigma increased the risk of having depression and anxiety. Additionally, being separated/divorced increased the risk of having depression and having comorbidity increased the risk of having anxiety. Conclusion A substantial proportion of our participants experienced depression, anxiety and a combination of both especially in those who had the risk factors we identified. The findings underscore the need to address these risk factors early in the course of the disease and integrate mental health interventions into COVID-19 management guidelines.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article- html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.12.21264913v1" target="_blank">Psychiatric Manifestations and Associated Risk Factors among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Edo State, Nigeria.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>A review of the effectiveness and experiences of welfare advice services co-located in health settings: a critical narrative systematic review.</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The links between financial insecurity and poor health and wellbeing are well established. Individuals experiencing financial insecurity are also more likely to face challenges in accessing the support services they need. There is evidence of unequal uptake of welfare support and benefits, particularly in some ethnic minority groups. The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated financial insecurity for the most vulnerable and action is needed to improve the support provided for those affected during the recovery from the pandemic. One approach to improving uptake of benefits has been to deliver welfare services within health settings. This has the potential to increase income and possibly improve health. We conducted systematic review with a critical narrative synthesis to assess the health, social and financial impacts of welfare advice services co-located in health settings and explore the facilitators and barriers to successful implementation of these services, in order to guide future policy and practice. The review identified 14 studies published in the UK from 2010. The services provided generated on average 27GBP of social, economic and environmental return on investment per 1GBP invested. Individuals on average benefitted from an additional 2,757GBP household income per annum and cost savings for the NHS were demonstrated. The review demonstrated that improvements to health were made by addressing key social determinants of health, thereby reducing health inequalities. Co-located welfare services actively incorporated elements of proportionate universalism and targeted those, who due to predominately health needs, were most in need of this support. The nature of the welfare advice service, how it operates within a health setting, and how visible and accessible this service is to participants and professionals referring into the service, were seen as important facilitators. Co-production during service development and ongoing enhanced multi-disciplinary collaboration were also considered vital to the success of co-located services.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.13.21264938v1" target="_blank">A review of the effectiveness and experiences of welfare advice services co-located in health settings: a critical narrative systematic review.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Human-Network Regions as Effective Geographic Units for Disease Mitigation</strong> -
<div>
Susceptibility to infectious diseases such as COVID-19 depends on how they spread, and many studies have captured the decrease in COVID-19 spread due to reduction in travel. However, less is known about practical geographic boundaries for that limit the spread of COVID-19 to adjacent places. To detect such boundaries, we apply community-detection algorithms to large networks of mobility and social-media connections to construct geographic regions that reflect natural human movement and relationships at the county level for the continental United States. We measure COVID-19 cases, case rates, and case-rate variations across adjacent counties and examine how often COVID-19 crosses the boundaries of these functional regions. We find that regions that we construct using GPS-trace networks and especially commuter networks have the smallest rates of COVID-19 case rates along the boundaries, so these regions may reflect natural partitions in COVID-19 transmission. Conversely, regions that we construct from geolocated Facebook friendships and Twitter connections yield the least effective partitions. Our analysis reveals that regions that are derived from movement flows are more appropriate geographic units than states for making policy decisions about opening areas for activity, assessing vulnerability of populations, and allocating resources. Our insights are also relevant for policy decisions and public messaging in future emergency situations.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/4mp6x/" target="_blank">Human-Network Regions as Effective Geographic Units for Disease Mitigation</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Evaluation of COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infections among immunocompromised patients fully vaccinated with BNT162b2</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Objective: To evaluate COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infections among immunocompromised (IC) individuals. Methods: Individuals vaccinated with BNT162b2 were selected from the US HealthVerity database (12/10/2020-7/8/2021). COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infections were examined in fully vaccinated (≥14 days after 2nd dose) IC individuals (IC cohort), 12 mutually exclusive IC condition groups, and a non-IC cohort. IC conditions were identified using an algorithm based on diagnosis codes and immunosuppressive (IS) medication usage. Results: Of 1,277,747 individuals ≥16 years of age who received 2 BNT162b2 doses, 225,796 (17.7%) were identified as IC (median age: 58 years; 56.3% female). The most prevalent IC conditions were solid malignancy (32.0%), kidney disease (19.5%), and rheumatologic/inflammatory conditions (16.7%). Among the fully vaccinated IC and non-IC cohorts, a total of 978 breakthrough infections were observed during the study period; 124 (12.7%) resulted in hospitalization and 2 (0.2%) were inpatient deaths. IC individuals accounted for 38.2% (N=374) of all breakthrough infections, 59.7% (N=74) of all hospitalizations, and 100% (N=2) of inpatient deaths. The proportion with breakthrough infections was 3 times higher in the IC cohort compared to the non-IC cohort (N=374 [0.18%] vs. N=604 [0.06%]; unadjusted incidence rates were 0.89 and 0.34 per 100 person-years, respectively. Organ transplant recipients had the highest incidence rate; those with &gt;1 IC condition, antimetabolite usage, primary immunodeficiencies, and hematologic malignancies also had higher incidence rates compared to the overall IC cohort. Incidence rates in older (≥65 years old) IC individuals were generally higher versus younger IC individuals (&lt;65). Limitations: This retrospective analysis relied on coding accuracy and had limited capture of COVID-19 vaccine receipt. Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infections are rare but are more common and severe in IC individuals. The findings from this large study support FDA authorization and CDC recommendations to offer a 3rd vaccine dose to increase protection among IC individuals.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article- link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.12.21264707v1" target="_blank">Evaluation of COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infections among immunocompromised patients fully vaccinated with BNT162b2</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Japanese Dictionary for Sentiment Analysis of Counselling Text</strong> -
<div>
Chat-based counselling has become increasingly popular in the era of telecommunication. The need for accessible therapy has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Given its text-based nature, chat-based counselling provides an opportunity for machine-based analysis. It even has the potential to provide machine-based counselling services. However, the informational resources for machine-based analysis and interaction are rather scarce especially in a Japanese-language context. We created a Japanese dictionary for sentiment analysis, using a technique via machine-based text analysis, tailored for counselling related text. It includes 2389 words that were frequently used in chat-based counselling corpora. The following attributes were included for each word: (1) valence rating by the general public, (2) valence rating by clinical psychologists, (3) emotionality, and (4) body-relatedness.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/2g6jt/" target="_blank">Japanese Dictionary for Sentiment Analysis of Counselling Text</a>
</div></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A phylogeny-based metric for estimating changes in transmissibility from recurrent mutations in SARS-CoV-2</strong> -
<div>
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in late 2019 and spread globally to cause the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the constant accumulation of genetic variation in the SARS-CoV-2 population, there was little evidence for the emergence of significantly more transmissible lineages in the first half of 2020. Starting around November 2020, several more contagious and possibly more virulent Variants of Concern (VoCs) were reported in various regions of the world. These VoCs share some mutations and deletions that haven arisen recurrently in distinct genetic backgrounds. Here, we build on our previous work modelling the association of mutations to SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility and characterise the contribution of individual recurrent mutations and deletions to estimated viral transmissibility. We then assess how patterns of estimated transmissibility in all SARS-CoV-2 clades have varied over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic by summing transmissibility estimates for all individual mutations carried by any sequenced genome analysed. Such an approach recovers the Delta variant (21A) as the most transmissible clade currently in circulation, followed by the Alpha variant (20I). By assessing transmissibility over the time of sampling, we observe a tendency for estimated transmissibility within clades to slightly decrease over time in most clades. Although subtle, this pattern is consistent with the expectation of a decay in transmissibility in mainly non-recombining lineages caused by the accumulation of weakly deleterious mutations. SARS-CoV-2 remains a highly transmissible pathogen, though such a trend could conceivably play a role in the turnover of different global viral clades observed over the pandemic so far.
</div></li>
</ul>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.442903v2" target="_blank">A phylogeny-based metric for estimating changes in transmissibility from recurrent mutations in SARS-CoV-2</a>
</div>
<ul>
<li><strong>Alterations in CD39/CD73 Axis of T cells associated with COVID-19 severity</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Purinergic signaling modulates immune function and is involved in the immunopathogenesis of several viral infections. This study aimed to investigate alterations in purinergic pathways in COVID-19 patients. Lower plasma ATP and adenosine levels were identified in mild and severe COVID-19 patients associated with proinflammatory cytokine profiles compared to healthy controls. Mild COVID-19 patients presented lower frequencies of CD4+CD25+CD39+ (activated/memory Treg) and CD4+CD25+CD39+CD73+ T cells, and increased frequencies of high differentiated (CD27-CD28-) CD8+T cells compared to health controls. Severe COVID-19 patients also showed higher frequencies of CD4+CD39+, CD4+CD25-CD39+ (memory T effector cell), high differentiated CD8+ T cells (CD27-CD28-) and diminished frequencies of CD4+CD73+, CD4+CD25+CD39+ mTreg, CD4+CD25+CD39+CD73+, CD8+CD73+ and low-differentiated CD8+ T cells (CD27+CD28+) in the blood in relation to mild COVID-19 patients and controls. Moreover, severe COVID-19 patients presented higher expression of PD-1 on low-differentiated CD8+ T cells. Both severe and mild COVID-19 patients presented higher frequencies of CD4+Annexin-V+ and CD8+Annexin-V+ T cells, showing increased T cell apoptosis. Plasma samples collected from severe COVID-19 patients were able to decrease the expression of CD73 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of a healthy donor. Interestingly, the in vitro incubation of PBMC from severe COVID-19 patients with adenosine reduced the NF-kB activation in T cells and monocytes. Together, these data add new knowledge regarding the immunopathology of COVID-19 through purinergic regulation, especially concerning adenosine deficiency.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.18.21263782v2" target="_blank">Alterations in CD39/CD73 Axis of T cells associated with COVID-19 severity</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>COVID-19 Underreporting and its Impact on Vaccination Strategies</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
We present a novel methodology for the stable rate estimation of hospitalization and death related to the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) using publicly available reports from various distinct communities. These rates are then used to estimate underreported infections on the corresponding areas by making use of reported daily hospitalizations and deaths. The impact of underreporting infections on vaccination strategies is estimated under different disease- transmission scenarios using a Susceptible-Exposed-Infective-Removed-like (SEIR) epidemiological model.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.11.21253404v2" target="_blank">COVID-19 Underreporting and its Impact on Vaccination Strategies</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>COVID-19 Risk Factors and Mortality among Native Americans</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
BACKGROUND: Academic research on the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 among Native Americans has largely been restricted to particular indigenous groups or reservations. OBJECTIVE: We estimate COVID-19 mortality for Native Americans relative to other racial/ethnic groups and explore how state-level mortality is associated with known risk factors. METHODS: We use the Standard Mortality Ratio (SMR), adjusted for age and county, to estimate COVID-19 mortality by racial/ethnic groups for the U.S. and 10 selected states. The prevalence of risk factors is derived from the American Community Survey and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. RESULTS: The SMR for Native Americans greatly exceeds those for Black and Latino populations and varies enormously across states. There is a strong correlation between the share of Native Americans living on a reservation and the SMR. The SMR for Native Americans is also highly correlated with the income-poverty ratio and the prevalence of multigenerational families, crowded housing, frontline worker status, and health insurance (excluding the Indian Health Service). Risk factors associated with socioeconomic status and co-morbidities are generally more prevalent for Native Americans living on homelands, a proxy for reservation status, than for those living elsewhere. CONCLUSIONS: Most risk factors for COVID-19 are disproportionately high among Native Americans, particularly for those living on homelands. Reservation life appears to increase the risk of COVID-19 mortality. CONTRIBUTION: We assemble and analyze a broader set of COVID-19-related risk factors for Native Americans than previous studies, a critical step toward understanding the exceptionally high COVID-19 death rates in this population.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.13.21253515v2" target="_blank">COVID-19 Risk Factors and Mortality among Native Americans</a>
</div></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficient incorporation and template-dependent polymerase inhibition are major determinants for the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of remdesivir</strong> -
<div>
Remdesivir (RDV) is a direct antiviral agent that is approved in several countries for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). RDV exhibits broad- spectrum antiviral activity against positive-sense RNA viruses, e.g., SARS-CoV-2 and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and non- segmented negative-sense RNA viruses, e.g., Nipah virus (NiV), while several segmented negative-sense RNA viruses such as influenza (Flu) virus or Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) are not sensitive to the drug. The reasons for this apparent pattern are unknown. Here, we expressed and purified representative RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp) and studied three biochemical parameters that have been associated with the inhibitory effects of RDV-triphosphate (TP):</div></li>
</ul>
<ol type="i">
<li>selective incorporation of the nucleotide substrate RDV-TP, (ii) the effect of the incorporated RDV-monophosphate (MP) on primer extension, and (iii) the effect of RDV-MP in the template during incorporation of the complementary UTP. The results of this study revealed a strong correlation between antiviral effects and efficient incorporation of RDV-TP. Delayed chain-termination is heterogeneous and usually inefficient at higher NTP concentrations. In contrast, template- dependent inhibition of UTP incorporation opposite the embedded RDV-MP is seen with all polymerases. Molecular modeling suggests a steric conflict between the 1’-cyano group of RDV-MP and conserved residues of RdRp motif F. We conclude that future efforts in the development of nucleotide analogues with a broader spectrum of antiviral activities should focus on improving rates of incorporation while capitalizing on the inhibitory effects of a bulky 1’-modification.
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.14.464416v1" target="_blank">Efficient incorporation and template- dependent polymerase inhibition are major determinants for the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of remdesivir</a>
</div></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><strong>Nucleocapsid mutations in SARS-CoV-2 augment replication and pathogenesis.</strong> -
<div>
While SARS-CoV-2 continues to adapt for human infection and transmission, genetic variation outside of the spike gene remains largely unexplored. This study investigates a highly variable region at residues 203-205 in SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. Recreating the alpha variant mutation in an early pandemic (WA-1) background, we found that the R203K-G204R mutation is sufficient to enhance replication, fitness, and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. Importantly, the R203K-G204R mutation increases nucleocapsid phosphorylation, providing a molecular basis for these phenotypes. Notably, an analogous alanine substitution mutant also increases SARS-CoV-2 fitness and phosphorylation, suggesting that infection is enhanced through ablation of the ancestral RG motif. Overall, these results demonstrate that variant mutations outside spike are also key components in SARS-CoV-2 continued adaptation to human infection.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.14.464390v1" target="_blank">Nucleocapsid mutations in SARS-CoV-2 augment replication and pathogenesis.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Opsonization by non-neutralizing antibodies can confer protection to SARS-CoV-2 despite Spike-dependent modulation of phagocytosis</strong> -
<div>
Spike-specific antibodies are central to effective COVID19 immunity. Research efforts have focused on antibodies that neutralize the ACE2-Spike interaction but not on non-neutralizing antibodies. Antibody-dependent phagocytosis is an immune mechanism enhanced by opsonization, where typically, more bound antibodies trigger a stronger phagocyte response. Here, we show that Spike-specific antibodies, dependent on concentration, can either enhance or reduce Spike- bead phagocytosis by monocytes independently of the antibody neutralization potential. Surprisingly, we find that both convalescent patient plasma and patient-derived monoclonal antibodies lead to maximum opsonization already at low levels of bound antibodies and is reduced as antibody binding to Spike protein increases. Moreover, we show that this Spike- dependent modulation of opsonization seems to affect the outcome in an experimental SARS-CoV-2 infection model. These results suggest that the levels of anti-Spike antibodies could influence monocyte-mediated immune functions and propose that non-neutralizing antibodies could confer protection to SARS-CoV-2 infection by mediating phagocytosis.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.14.464464v1" target="_blank">Opsonization by non-neutralizing antibodies can confer protection to SARS-CoV-2 despite Spike-dependent modulation of phagocytosis</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Deep learning based on stacked sparse autoencoder applied to viral genome classification of SARS-CoV-2 virus</strong> -
<div>
Since December 2019, the world has been intensely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, first identified in Wuhan, China. In the case of a novel virus identification, the early elucidation of taxonomic classification and origin of the virus genomic sequence is essential for strategic planning, containment, and treatments. Deep learning techniques have been successfully used in many viral classification problems associated with viral infections diagnosis, metagenomics, phylogenetic, and analysis. This work proposes to generate an efficient viral genome classifier for the SARS-CoV-2 virus using the deep neural network (DNN) based on the stacked sparse autoencoder (SSAE) technique. We performed four different experiments to provide different levels of taxonomic classification of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The confusion matrix presented the validation and test sets and the ROC curve for the validation set. In all experiments, the SSAE technique provided great performance results. In this work, we explored the utilization of image representations of the complete genome sequences as the SSAE input to provide a viral classification of the SARS- CoV-2. For that, a dataset based on k-mers image representation, with k=6, was applied. The results indicated the applicability of using this deep learning technique in genome classification problems.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.14.464414v1" target="_blank">Deep learning based on stacked sparse autoencoder applied to viral genome classification of SARS-CoV-2 virus</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Recombination in Sarbecovirus lineage and mutations/insertions in spike protein linked to the emergence and adaptation of SARS-CoV-2</strong> -
<div>
The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan city, China in December 2019 and thereafter its spillover across the world has created a global pandemic and public health crisis. Researchers across the world are involved in finding the origin and evolution of SARS-CoV-2, its transmission route, molecular mechanism of interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and host cells, and the cause of pathogenicity etc. In this paper, we shed light on the origin, evolution and adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 into human systems. Our phylogenetic/evolutionary analysis supported that bat-CoV-RaTG13 is the closest relative of human SARS-CoV-2, outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 took place via inter-intra species mode of transmission, and host-specific adaptation occurred in SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, genome recombination analysis found that Sarbecoviruses, the subgenus containing SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, undergo frequent recombination. Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) of spike proteins revealed the insertion of four amino acid residues PRRA (Proline- Arginine-Arginine-Alanine) into the SARS-CoV-2 human strains. Structural modeling of spike protein of bat-CoV-RaTG13 also shows a high number of mutations at one of the receptor binding domains (RBD). Overall, this study finds that the probable origin of SARS-CoV-2 is the results of intra-species recombination events between bat coronaviruses belonging to Sarbecovirus subgenus and the insertion of amino acid residues PRRA and mutations in the RBD in spike protein are probably responsible for the adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 into human systems. Thus, our findings add strength to the existing knowledge on the origin and adaptation of SARS-CoV-2, and can be useful for understanding the molecular mechanisms of interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and host cells which is crucial for vaccine design and predicting future pandemics.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.12.091199v2" target="_blank">Recombination in Sarbecovirus lineage and mutations/insertions in spike protein linked to the emergence and adaptation of SARS-CoV-2</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Randomized Study to Evaluate Intranasal Dose of STI-2099 (COVI-DROPS™) in Outpatient Adults With Mild COVID-19 Infection</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: COVI-DROPS;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluating Safety, Tolerability, and Potential Efficacy of Intranasal AD17002 in Adults With Mild COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: AD17002;   Biological: Placebo (Formulation buffer)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Advagene Biopharma Co. Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy of Home Inspiratory Muscle Training in Post-covid-19 Patients: a Randomized Clinical Trial</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Device: Inspiratory muscle training<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Lymphatic Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine to Enhance Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccination Efficacy</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Other: Lymphatic OMM;   Other: Light Touch<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Rowan University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy and Safety of Ergoferon for COVID-19 Prevention During Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Immunization Against COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Ergoferon;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Materia Medica Holding<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Protein Subunit Recombinant Vaccine</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: SARS-CoV-2 Protein Subunit Recombinant Vaccine;   Biological: SARS-CoV-2 Inactivated Vaccine<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   PT Bio Farma;   Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia;   National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Ph 2 Trial With an Oral Tableted COVID-19 Vaccine</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: VXA-CoV2-1.1-S;   Other: Placebo Tablets<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Vaxart<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pulmonary Function in Patients Recovering From COVID19 Infection : a Pilot Study</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Diagnostic Test: diaphragm ultrasonography<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University Hospital, Limoges<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluation of the Efficacy of Probiotics to Reduce the Occurrence of Long COVID</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Dietary Supplement: Probiotics;   Dietary Supplement: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke;   Lallemand Health Solutions<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Impact of Nudges on Downloads of COVID-19 Exposure Notification Smartphone Apps: A Randomized Trial</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: Self-Benefit/Social Norm;   Behavioral: Self- Benefit/No Social Norm;   Behavioral: Other Benefit/Social Norm;   Behavioral: Other Benefit/No Social Norm<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of Pennsylvania;   Pennsylvania Department of Health<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Safety and Tolerability Study of BDB-001 in Mild, Moderate COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: BDB-001 injection<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:  <br/>
Staidson (Beijing) Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd;   Beijing Defengrui Biotechnology Co. Ltd<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Acetylsalicylic Acid in COVID-19 (ASA-SARS)</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   SARS-CoV2 Infection;   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Low-dose acetylsalicylic acid;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Barcelona Institute for Global Health;   Hospital Universitario de Torrejón,Madrid;   Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor;   Fundació Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau;   Hospital del Mar;   Hopsital Central de Maputo, Mozambique<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Immunogenicity Study of Booster Vaccination With Medium-dosage or High-dosage SARS-CoV-2 Inactivated Vaccine for Prevention of COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: High-dosage SARS-CoV-2 vaccine;   Biological: Medium-dosage SARS-CoV-2 vaccine<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Telerehabilitation in COVID-19 Survivors</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Telerehabilitation<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Other: telerehabilitation;   Other: home exercise program;   Other: informed program<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Clinical Trial on Sequential Immunization of Recombinant COVID-19 Vaccine (CHO Cells,NVSI-06-08) and Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero Cells) in Population Aged 18 Years and Above</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19 Pneumonia;   Coronavirus Infections<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Recombinant COVID-19 Vaccine (CHO cell，NVSI-06-08);   Biological: COVID-19 vaccine (Vero cells);   Biological: 3 doses Recombinant COVID-19 Vaccine (CHO cell，NVSI-06-08)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   National Vaccine and Serum Institute, China;   China National Biotec Group Company Limited;   Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Small molecule interactions with the SARS-CoV-2 main protease: In silico all-atom microsecond MD simulations, PELE Monte Carlo simulations, and determination of in vitro activity inhibition</strong> - The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. With some notable exceptions, safe and effective vaccines, which are now being widely distributed globally, have largely begun to stabilise the situation. However, emerging variants of concern and vaccine hesitancy are apparent obstacles to eradication. Therefore, the need for the development of potent antivirals is still of importance. In this context, the SARS-CoV-2 main protease…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Arglabin could target inflammasome-induced ARDS and cytokine storm associated with COVID-19</strong> - Arglabin (l(R),10(S)-epoxy-5(S),5(S),7(S)-guaia-3(4),ll(13)-dien-6,12-olide), is a natural sesquiterpene γ-lactone which was first isolated from Artemisia glabella. The compound has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of the NLR Family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and production of proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. A more hydrophilic derivative of the compound also exhibited antitumor activity in the breast,…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Melatonin mitigates Chloroquine-induced defects in porcine immature Sertoli cells</strong> - Chloroquine (CQ) could function as a lysosomotropic agent to inhibit the endolysosomal trafficking in the autophagy pathway, and is widely used on malarial, tumor and recently COVID-19. However, the effect of CQ treatment on porcine immature Sertoli cells (iSCs) remains unclear. Here we showed that CQ could reduce iSC viability in a dose-dependent manner. CQ treatment (20 μM) on iSCs for 36h could elevate oxidative stress, damage mitochondrial function and promote apoptosis, which could be…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>In vitro induction of interleukin-8 by SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein is inhibited in bronchial epithelial IB3-1 cells by a miR-93-5p agomiR</strong> - One of the major clinical features of COVID-19 is a hyperinflammatory state, which is characterized by high expression of cytokines (such as IL-6 and TNF-α), chemokines (such as IL-8) and growth factors and is associated with severe forms of COVID-19. For this reason, the control of the “cytokine storm” represents a key issue in the management of COVID-19 patients. In this study we report evidence that the release of key proteins of the COVID-19 “cytokine storm” can be inhibited by mimicking the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Anti-inflammatory effect of Kaba Sura Kudineer (AYUSH approved COVID-19 drug)-A Siddha poly-herbal formulation against lipopolysaccharide induced inflammatory response in RAW-264.7 macrophages cells</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: . Together, this study has proven that KSK could be a potential therapeutic drug for alleviating excessive inflammation in many inflammation-associated diseases like COVID-19.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine in COVID-19: Theory, Initial Clinical Evidence, Potential Mechanisms, and Implications</strong> - CONCLUSION: While there is initial support for the use of Traditional Chinese Medicine for COVID-19, conclusions cannot be drawn to support its use as a replacement for conventional COVID-19 treatment, given the lack of high-quality evidence from strictly-designed randomized controlled trials. However, there is initial evidence suggesting that TCM may serve as an effective adjunct to conventional treatments in alleviating COVID-19 symptoms. More research is needed to confirm the efficacy and…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Structure and Dynamics of RNA Guanine Quadruplexes in SARS-CoV-2 Genome. Original Strategies against Emerging Viruses</strong> - Guanine quadruplex (G4) structures in the viral genome have a key role in modulating viruses’ biological activity. While several DNA G4 structures have been experimentally resolved, RNA G4s are definitely less explored. We report the first calculated G4 structure of the RG-1 RNA sequence of SARS-CoV-2 genome, obtained by using a multiscale approach combining quantum and classical molecular modeling and corroborated by the excellent agreement between the corresponding calculated and experimental…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Acetylation of H3K27 activated lncRNA NEAT1 and promoted hepatic lipid accumulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via regulating miR-212-5p/GRIA3</strong> - Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was a world-wide health burden. H3K27 acetylation, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and miRNA were all implicated in NAFLD regulation, yet the detailed regulatory mechanism was not well understood. LncRNA NEAT1, miR-212-5p, and GRIA3 expression were detected both in high fatty acid-treated hepatocytes cells and NAFLD patients. Lipid droplets were stained and analyzed by oil red O staining. Expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN), acetyl-CoA carboxylase…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sweet Drugs for Bad Bugs: A Glycomimetic Strategy against the DC-SIGN-Mediated Dissemination of SARS-CoV-2</strong> - The C-type lectin receptor DC-SIGN is a pattern recognition receptor expressed on macrophages and dendritic cells. It has been identified as a promiscuous entry receptor for many pathogens, including epidemic and pandemic viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, Ebola virus, and HIV-1. In the context of the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, DC-SIGN-mediated virus dissemination and stimulation of innate immune responses has been implicated as a potential factor in the development of severe COVID-19. Inhibition of…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Inhibition of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Replication by Hypertonic Saline Solution in Lung and Kidney Epithelial Cells</strong> - An unprecedented global health crisis has been caused by a new virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We performed experiments to test if a hypertonic saline solution was capable of inhibiting virus replication. Our data show that 1.2% NaCl inhibited virus replication by 90%, achieving 100% of inhibition at 1.5% in the nonhuman primate kidney cell line Vero, and 1.1% of NaCl was sufficient to inhibit the virus replication by 88% in human epithelial lung cell…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Characterization of Phytochemicals in Ulva intestinalis L. and Their Action Against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein Receptor-Binding Domain</strong> - Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has caused a severe impact on almost all aspects of human life and economic development. Numerous studies are being conducted to find novel therapeutic strategies to overcome COVID-19 pandemic in a much effective way. Ulva intestinalis L. (Ui), a marine microalga, known for its antiviral property, was considered for this study to determine the antiviral efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The algal sample…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evidence of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Memory B Cells Six Months After Vaccination With the BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have demonstrated high efficacy and immunogenicity, but limited information is currently available on memory B cell generation and long-term persistence. Here, we investigated spike-specific memory B cells and humoral responses in 145 subjects, up to 6 months after the BNT162b2 vaccine (Comirnaty) administration. Spike-specific antibodies peaked 7 days after the second dose and significant antibody titers and ACE2/RBD binding inhibiting activity were still observed after…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ORF3a Protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Inhibits Interferon-Activated Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Signaling via Elevating Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1</strong> - Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a crisis to global public health since its outbreak at the end of 2019. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pathogen of COVID-19, appears to efficiently evade the host immune responses, including interferon (IFN) signaling. Several SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins are believed to involve in the inhibition of IFN signaling. In this study, we discovered that ORF3a, an accessory protein of SARS-CoV-2, inhibited IFN-activated…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Integrin activation is an essential component of SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 infection depends on binding its spike (S) protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The S protein expresses an RGD motif, suggesting that integrins may be co-receptors. Here, we UV-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 and fluorescently labeled the envelope membrane with octadecyl rhodamine B (R18) to explore the role of integrin activation in mediating cell entry and productive infection. We used flow cytometry and confocal microscopy to show that SARS- CoV-2^(R18) particles engage…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Investigating Lipid-Modulating Agents for Prevention or Treatment of COVID-19: JACC State-of-the-Art Review</strong> - Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is associated with systemic inflammation, endothelial activation, and multiorgan manifestations. Lipid-modulating agents may be useful in treating patients with COVID-19. These agents may inhibit viral entry by lipid raft disruption or ameliorate the inflammatory response and endothelial activation. In addition, dyslipidemia with lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and higher triglyceride levels portend worse outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Upon a…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>스몰 RNA 검출 방법</strong> - 본 발명은 스몰(small) RNA의 분석 및 검출 방법에 관한 것이다. 특히, 본 발명은 짧은 염기서열의 RNA까지 분석이 가능하면서도 높은 민감도 및 정확도로 정량적 검출까지 가능하여 감염증, 암 등 여러 질환의 진단 용도로도 널리 활용될 수 있다. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=KR336674313">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>健康智能检测方法、装置、电子设备及可读存储介质</strong> - 本申请公开了一种健康智能检测方法、装置、电子设备及可读存储介质，其方法包括获取音频信号，并对所述音频信号进行预处理，得到检测信号；将所述检测信号转化为矩阵数字矩阵；将得到的矩阵数字矩阵作为检测样本，输入健康智能检测模型中，以获取检测结果；其中，所述健康智能检测模型是采用迁移学习和卷积神经网络对训练样本进行训练得到的。本申请由于卷积神经网络各组件或部分组件基于迁移学习进行了重新训练，显著提升了对人们健康检测的准确度；且本申请中的健康智能检测模型为分类模型，计算量小，可将其部署于人们的移动终端中，使用方便，极大程度上提升了用户的使用感受。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN337672106">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUE TO ANALYSE THE CONDITION OF COVID-19 PATIENTS BASED ON THEIR SATURATION LEVELS</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU335054861">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>单克隆抗体32C7及其制备方法和用途</strong> - 本发明公开了单克隆抗体32C7及其制备方法和用途。本发明通过制备针对于新冠病毒RBD结构域的中和抗体32C7，在体外通过表面等离子共振检测抗体32C7可以有效地与新冠病毒的S蛋白的RBD结构域结合，通过转基因小鼠感染模型验证了抗体32C7的中和能力，测定了中和抗体32C7对于新冠感染后的肺部病毒滴度和相关炎症因子的抑制效果，结果显示该中和抗体能够明显的抑制病毒在体内的复制并降低炎症因子的产生和肺部炎症浸润。单克隆中和抗体32C7抑制新冠病毒的进入宿主细胞，达到新冠病毒中和抗体的治疗作用，可有效用于治疗或者预防新冠病毒感染引起的呼吸系统损伤。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN336730149">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>单克隆抗体35B5及其制备方法和用途</strong> - 本发明公开了单克隆抗体35B5及其制备方法和用途。本发明通过制备针对于新冠病毒RBD结构域的中和抗体35B5，在体外通过表面等离子共振检测抗体35B5可以有效地与新冠病毒的S蛋白的RBD结构域结合，通过转基因小鼠感染模型验证了抗体35B5的中和能力，测定了中和抗体35B5对于新冠感染后的肺部病毒滴度和相关炎症因子的抑制效果，结果显示该中和抗体能够明显的抑制病毒在体内的复制并降低炎症因子的产生和肺部炎症浸润。单克隆中和抗体35B5抑制新冠病毒的进入宿主细胞，达到新冠病毒中和抗体的治疗作用，可有效用于治疗或者预防新冠病毒感染引起的呼吸系统损伤。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN336730150">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A HERB BASED COMPOSITION ANTI VIRAL MEDICINE FOR TREATMENT OF SARS COV 2 AND A METHOD FOR TREATING A PERSON INFECTED BY THE SARS COV 2 VIRUS</strong> - A Herbal composition, viz., PONNU MARUNTHU essentially comprising of ALLUIUM CEPA extract. [concentrated to 30%] 75%, SAPINDUS MUKOROSSI - extract [Optimised] 10%, CITRUS X LIMON - extract in its natural form 05 TRACYSPERMUM AMMI (L) – extract 07%,ROSA HYBRIDA - extract 03%, PONNU MARUNTHU solution 50 ml, or as a capsulated PONNU MARUNTHU can be given to SARS cov2 positive Patients, three times a day that is ½ an hour before food; continued for 3 days to 5 days and further taking it for 2 days if need be there; It will completely cure a person. When the SARS cov2 test shows negative this medicine can be discontinued. This indigenous medicine and method for treating a person inflicted with SARS COV 2 viral infection is quite effective in achieving of much needed remedy for the patients and saving precious lives from the pangs of death and ensuring better health of people. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN334865051">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>治疗或预防新冠病毒的靶点</strong> - 本发明提供一种蛋白片段，是如下至少一种：A1)氨基酸酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示；A2）氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1第12位‑34位所示；A3）将A1)的蛋白片段的第18、19、28和29位中的任意一个或几个氨基酸残基经过一个或几个氨基酸残基的取代、缺失、添加得到的与A1)所示的蛋白片段具有90％以上的同一性的蛋白片段；A4）氨基酸酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示；A5）氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2第32‑41位所示；A6）将A4)的蛋白片段的第35和36位中的任意1个或2个氨基酸残基经过一个或几个氨基酸残基的取代、缺失、添加得到的与A4)所示的蛋白片段具有90％以上的同一性的蛋白片段。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN336197499">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>以痘苗病毒为载体的新冠疫苗</strong> - 本申请涉及一种基于经过基因工程改造的痘苗病毒为载体的新型冠状病毒南非突变株疫苗。所述疫苗以A46R缺陷的痘苗病毒为载体携带新冠病毒南非突变株S基因核酸序列，所述痘苗病毒载体还可以携带IL‑21，该疫苗在免疫小鼠后可以产生针对新冠病毒南非突变株的抗体。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN337671415">link</a></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>氧化钛负载银单原子的材料在病毒消杀中的应用</strong> - 本发明属于生物医药领域，尤其涉及一种负载银单原子的材料在病毒消杀中的应用，所述氧化钛负载银单原子材料具有以下的结构：银单原子以单分散的形式，稳定地锚定于氧化钛的表面和/或骨架中，键合方式为Ti‑O‑Ag；银单原子的嵌合使Ag单原子和氧化钛的电子结构带隙范围为2.9‑3.2</p></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">eV；氧化钛负载银单原子材料具有较银纳米颗粒更加优异的催化活性，具有过氧化物酶活性，利用羟基自由基可高效破坏核酸和蛋白质的原理来实现广谱消杀病毒，银单原子的嵌合使Ag单原子和氧化钛的电子结构带隙变小，对可见光的敏感性更强，可将光照射下的光催化诱导光动力杀伤病毒。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN337671299">link</a></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Anti-Sars-Cov-2 Neutralizing Antibodies</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU333857732">link</a></li>
</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Complex Business of Vaccine Mandates</strong> - Tougher mandates may be necessary—but we shouldn’t ignore the harm that they can cause. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/science/medical-dispatch/the-complex-business-of-vaccine-mandates">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Trump Presidency Is Still an Active Crime Scene</strong> - It’s hard to consign the Trump years to the history books when we remain in the middle of the crisis that it sparked. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-bidens-washington/the-trump-presidency-is-still-an-active-crime-%20scene">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Mysterious Case of the COVID-19 Lab-Leak Theory</strong> - Did the virus spring from nature or from human error? - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/science/elements/the-mysterious-case-of-the-covid-19-lab-leak-theory">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Joe Biden’s Afghanistan Problem</strong> - If the Administration fails to help stabilize the beleaguered country, a withdrawal that appeared politically deft could prove damaging. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/joe-bidens-afghanistan-problem">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Jeff Bezos Thrusts Into Space</strong> - While the world burns. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/cartoons/blitts-kvetchbook/jeff-bezos-thrusts-into-space">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Joe Manchin won’t support a key climate program. Alternatives won’t be enough.</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Sen. Joe Manchin (D-WV) adjusts his mask as he speaks to reporters on Capitol Hill." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Gu64ydd5Re5ElD4EMTf76y2tsv4=/396x0:6753x4768/1310x983/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/70004893/1345211810.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Sen. Joe Manchin (D-WV) speaks to reporters in the US Capitol on October 6, 2021 in Washington, DC. | Anna Moneymaker/Getty Images
</figcaption></figure></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The clean electricity program is “the backbone of the energy transition,” experts say.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dkn5W7">
A key climate policy designed to phase out fossil fuels will likely be cut from Democrats’ upcoming reconciliation package due to opposition from <a href="https://www.vox.com/22709379/moderate-versus-progressive-
democrats-climate">Sen. Joe Manchin</a> (D-WV), who has reportedly refused to back the measure as negotiations over the budget bill continue.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="C0lHTJ">
<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/15/climate/biden-clean-energy-
manchin.html">According to the New York Times’ Coral Davenport</a>, who first reported the news on Friday, Manchin, who chairs the Senate Energy and Natural Resources committee, will not support the sweeping <a href="https://www.vox.com/22579218/clean-energy-standard-electricity-infrastructure-democrats">clean electricity program</a> that is widely seen as the centerpiece of the bill’s climate plan.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="N5HyNM">
The <a href="https://www.vox.com/22579218/clean-energy-standard-electricity-infrastructure-democrats">$150 billion program</a> — officially known as the Clean Electricity Performance Program or CEPP — would reward energy suppliers who switch from fossil fuels like coal and natural gas to sustainable power sources like solar, wind, and nuclear power, which are <a href="https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=48896">already in use</a> by about 40 percent of the industry, and fine those who do not.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OyfDuR">
Experts believe the program is the most effective way to slash US carbon emissions significantly enough to prevent the global temperature from rising by <a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/">1.5 degrees Celsius</a>, a threshold which would have <a href="https://www.vox.com/22613027/un-ipcc-climate-change-report-
ar6-disaster">drastic consequences</a> for the planet if exceeded.
</p>
<div id="h2lYj2">
<blockquote class="twitter- tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
The Clean Electricity Performance Program is the most important part of the climate bill when it comes to cutting pollution. We need the CEPP to take on the climate crisis. It’s just that simple.<br/><br/>No climate, no deal. <a href="https://t.co/YIl1jZRHWO">https://t.co/YIl1jZRHWO</a>
</p>
— Dr. Leah Stokes (<span class="citation" data-cites="leahstokes">@leahstokes</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/leahstokes/status/1449162002723586058?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">October 15, 2021</a>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="P7PcBu">
A clean electricity standard, <a href="https://www.vox.com/22265119/biden-climate-change-
renewable-energy-clean-electricity-standard-congress">Leah Stokes</a>, a climate policy expert at the University of California Santa Barbara, told <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/15/climate/biden-clean-energy-
manchin.html?partner=slack&amp;smid=sl-share">the New York Times</a> on Friday, “is absolutely the most important climate policy in the package. We fundamentally need it to meet our climate goals. That’s just the reality. And now we can’t. So this is pretty sad.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="B5w43E">
Manchin’s rejection of the energy plan is the latest challenge to the beleaguered reconciliation package — also called <a href="https://www.vox.com/22577374/reconciliation-bill-biden-
medicare-climate">the Build Back Better Act</a> — which is now likely to be pared down in response to demands from moderate Democrats like Manchin and Sen. Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona, who have said they <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/14/politics/manchin-sinema-disagreements-biden-agenda/index.html">oppose</a> the $3.5 trillion in spending called for in the original plan for the bill.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dlfZ1k">
Manchin’s home state of West Virginia is <a href="https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=69&amp;t=2">one of the largest producers of coal</a> in the US, and Manchin himself <a href="https://theintercept.com/2021/09/03/joe-manchin-coal-fossil-fuels-
pollution/">benefits financially from the coal industry</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MnAaUX">
Manchin’s spokesperson, Sam Runyon, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/15/climate/biden-clean-energy-manchin.html">told the New York Times</a> that Manchin opposed the CEPP because he couldn’t support “using taxpayer dollars to pay private companies to do things they’re already doing.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3Q7M0l">
In light of Manchin’s opposition to the clean electricity program, the White House is reportedly working to rewrite the bill and and find <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/15/politics/clean-
electricity-program-cut-budget-bill-climate/index.html">alternative ways</a> to address greenhouse gas emissions.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9DRbU5">
But in trying to appease Manchin, the White House could alienate other Senate Democrats like Sen. Tina Smith (D-MN), who was the <a href="https://www.eenews.net/articles/4-democrats-to-watch-during-budget-
negotiations/">chief architect of the clean electricity program</a>.
</p>
<div id="jbeajW">
<blockquote class="twitter- tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
Let’s be clear: the Build Back Better budget must meaningfully address climate change. I’m open to different approaches, but I cannot support a bill that won’t get us where we need to be on emissions. <br/><br/>There are 50 Democratic senators. Every one of us is needed get this passed.
</p>
— Senator Tina Smith (<span class="citation" data-cites="SenTinaSmith">@SenTinaSmith</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/SenTinaSmith/status/1449212243376328705?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">October 16, 2021</a>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OVtszt">
“I’m open to different approaches, but I cannot support a bill that won’t get us where we need to be on emissions,” <a href="https://twitter.com/SenTinaSmith/status/1449212243376328705">Smith tweeted</a> Friday. “There are 50 Democratic senators. Every one of us is needed get this passed.”
</p>
<h3 id="MZA4cg">
The clean electricity program is key to addressing climate change
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PAKbPE">
As <a href="https://www.vox.com/22579218/clean-energy-standard-electricity-infrastructure-democrats">Vox’s Rebecca Leber wrote in August</a>, the clean electricity standard “is a bit of a misnomer because the actual policy being discussed is even more boring-sounding: a clean electricity payment program that pays utilities to clean up their act and fines them for missing deadlines.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="J2xISf">
Boring though it may sound, however, experts say it’s crucially important for two reasons.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Inr5QB">
First, the proposed program provides a financial framework for energy companies to work within. Manchin is correct in saying that <a href="https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/buying-clean-electricity">some companies</a> are indeed changing over to sustainable electricity production; currently, almost <a href="https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=427&amp;t=3">40 percent of electricity</a> generated in the US comes from a clean energy source, either nuclear or renewable. But corporations are ultimately concerned about their bottom line, and the carrot-and-stick approach of the proposed clean electricity program incorporates that reality by incentivizing companies to make the drastic changes necessary to address climate change — and penalizing them if they don’t.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qtHati">
The other reason a clean electricity program could prove key to addressing climate change is that it creates a national standard, as opposed to the <a href="https://www.vox.com/22579218/clean-energy-standard-
electricity-infrastructure-democrats">patchwork</a> of municipal and state legislation and individual efforts currently in place. Among other impacts, the program would help bring lagging areas up to speed with the ambitious targets set by the <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/jul/11/biden-administration-clean-energy-climate-crisis">Biden administration</a>, which call for 80 percent of the nation’s electricity to come from renewable sources by 2030, and 100 percent by 2035.
</p>
<div id="CL0pMF">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
That number comes from <a href="https://twitter.com/EnergyInnovLLC?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw"><span class="citation" data-cites="EnergyInnovLLC">@EnergyInnovLLC</span></a> modeling that shows just how vital the CEPP is for decarbonizing the U.S. over the next decade. Joe Manchin wants to cut the biggest chunk out of the graph <a href="https://t.co/xWs9ZVrbRd">https://t.co/xWs9ZVrbRd</a> <a href="https://t.co/CYVwZm79x9">pic.twitter.com/CYVwZm79x9</a>
</p>
— Brian Kahn (<span class="citation" data-cites="blkahn">@blkahn</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/blkahn/status/1449478028627693571?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">October 16, 2021</a>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DgW24G">
Ultimately, as Stokes and Sam Ricketts, a cofounder of <a href="https://www.evergreenaction.com/">Evergreen Action</a>, <a href="https://www.vox.com/22265119/biden-climate-
change-renewable-energy-clean-electricity-standard-congress">wrote for Vox in February</a>, a clean electricity program provides a framework for other industries to use sustainable power, too.
</p>
<blockquote>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vdCAkz">
Clean electricity is the backbone of the energy transition — the critical piece that all the other sectors will slot into. Not only will getting to 100 percent clean electricity directly cut <a href="https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/inventory-us-
greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks"><strong>more than a quarter</strong></a> of US carbon pollution, it will also enable large parts of our transportation, building, and industrial sectors to run on clean power. Powering as much of these sectors as we can with carbon-free electricity would allow us to cut US emissions 70 to 80 percent. It would, in short, solve a huge chunk of our climate challenge.
</p>
</blockquote>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5ZwbOy">
As Stokes and Ricketts argue, a clean electricity standard would not only be effective at heading off the worst impacts of climate change, but it could work within the <a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report_smaller.pdf">very limited timeframe</a> scientists have outlined to limit the rise of the global temperature.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5OGqOt">
It’s also <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/10/15/22723457/build-back-better-poll-democrats-bill-infrastructure-
taxes">popular</a>: According to <a href="https://www.filesforprogress.org/datasets/2021/10/dfp-vox-bbb-
oct12-toplines.pdf">a poll from Data for Progress and Vox</a> conducted in early October, 63 percent of voters support the clean electricity program — the same percentage as supports the reconciliation bill overall.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZyXj8a">
Despite widespread popular support for the program, however, Manchin has a great deal of influence over its fate: Not only does he hold particular sway as the head of the <a href="https://www.energy.senate.gov/2021/2/manchin-to-
serve-as-chairman-of-senate-energy-and-natural-resources-committee">Senate Energy and Natural Resources committee</a>, but in an evenly divided Senate, his vote is crucial to passing any eventual reconciliation package.
</p>
<h3 id="gSpSI6">
No other legislation measures up to the clean electricity program’s impact
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="f8M5Wm">
The clean electricity program is not the only climate legislation on the table, but it is by far the biggest and most important, with the potential to bring the US in alignment its <a href="https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/PublishedDocuments/United%20States%20of%20America%20First/United%20States%20NDC%20April%2021%202021%20Final.pdf">Paris agreement target</a>: carbon pollution at 50 percent of 2005 levels by 2030.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JvA8aB">
The <a href="https://www.vox.com/22598883/infrastructure-deal-bipartisan-bill-biden-manchin">$1 trillion bipartisan infrastructure bill</a>, which has already passed the Senate, includes provisions like funding for electric vehicle charging stations and for public transit and school buses to run on electricity, as well as $21 billion for environmental remediation — such as fixing the <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-drilling-abandoned-
specialreport/special-report-millions-of-abandoned-oil-wells-are-leaking-methane-a-climate-menace-idUSKBN23N1NL">3.2 million abandoned gas and oil wells</a> across the country leaking methane gas.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ApSe4g">
And even if Manchin succeeds in blocking a clean electricity program, the reconciliation bill will likely still include <a href="https://www.vox.com/22685920/democrats-infrastructure-build-back-better-climate-change">some measures to combat climate change</a>, including billions in clean energy tax credits and investments in public transit and electric vehicles.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="95hMpw">
But as David Roberts, a former Vox writer and current author of the Volts newsletter, <a href="https://twitter.com/drvolts/status/1449176252389068801?s=20">explained on Twitter Friday</a>, the CEPP is by far the most important piece of climate legislation in play right now, and it’s unlikely that any alternatives would bring about the kind of change necessary for the US to meet the renewable energy and <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/22/fact-sheet-president-biden-
sets-2030-greenhouse-gas-pollution-reduction-target-aimed-at-creating-good-paying-union-jobs-and-securing-u-s-
leadership-on-clean-energy-technologies/">carbon pollution targets</a> outlined by the Biden White House.
</p>
<div id="8gXlpF">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
.<a href="https://twitter.com/EnergyInnovLLC?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw"><span class="citation" data-cites="EnergyInnovLLC">@EnergyInnovLLC</span></a> just modeled the climate &amp; energy effects of the provisions in the BBB Act. The CEPP is the linchpin. <a href="https://t.co/wBbJsOqzYD">https://t.co/wBbJsOqzYD</a> <a href="https://t.co/Q6dZrdjRq7">pic.twitter.com/Q6dZrdjRq7</a>
</p>
— David Roberts (<span class="citation" data-cites="drvolts">@drvolts</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/drvolts/status/1449177018755518465?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">October 16, 2021</a>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Em1qvp">
Raising the stakes of Manchin’s objection to the CEPP is the the fact that reconciliation could also be one of the last chances Democrats have to pass a clean electricity program, or any major climate legislation. <a href="https://www.vox.com/22685920/democrats-infrastructure-build-back-better-climate-change">As Vox’s Leber pointed out earlier this month</a>, the party is in real danger of losing unified control of government in the 2022 midterms, and if that happens, the window of opportunity for climate action could close before Democrats regain majorities in both chambers.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="m9vEHk">
Manchin’s push to cut the CEPP also comes as crunch time is bearing down on Democrats in Congress: Speaker Nancy Pelosi <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/10/13/new-deadline-pass-biden-
agenda-is-coming-up-fast/">has set an October 31 deadline</a> to pass both the reconciliation bill and the infrastructure bill, which will be crucial as short-term funding for the highway infrastructure system runs out on that day.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DSfqcW">
October 31 is also the day that the <a href="https://unfccc.int/process-and-
meetings/conferences/glasgow-climate-change-conference">2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference</a> begins in Glasgow, Scotland, and without significant policy in place to address climate change — like, for example, a clean electricity standard — it could be difficult for the US to rally other nations at the conference to make similar policy changes.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="odspDx">
As Rachel Cleetus, the clean energy policy director at the Union of Concerned Scientists, <a href="https://www.vox.com/22685920/democrats-infrastructure-build-back-better-climate-change">told Leber in October</a>, if Congress can get serious about climate change, other countries are likely to follow suit. But a lack of progress would slow forward momentum all around.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hMozYB">
“There is this sense of exhaustion about how long is it going to take for one of the biggest emitters in the world to do its fair share,” Cleetus said.
</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Americans are ready to tax the rich</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Demonstrators stand on the lawn in front of the US Capitol holding a banner that reads “hold
the line.”" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/s8GnrVpmw58WPVXqGWzGPur9yjc=/109x0:2798x2017/1310x983/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/69998665/GettyImages_1343307477.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
A September MoveOn “Hold the Line” rally encourages members of Congress to pass President Joe Biden’s entire Build Back Better recovery package. | Paul Morigi/Getty Images for MoveOn
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
It’s not always clear what the public wants. But a new poll shows strong support for taxing the rich to pay for Democrats’ Build Back Better Act.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Qfhwbi">
As debate over Democrats’ <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/budget-reconciliation-bill-build-back-
better-act/">Build Back Better Act</a> has intensified, the $3.5 trillion social spending bill has remained strikingly popular in polls. That may be both a blessing and a curse for lawmakers because it’s now clear that the <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2021/10/12/pelosi-biden-democrats-spending/">bill will need to shrink to pass</a>. And like Congress, Americans don’t all agree on which of its big-ticket items are most important.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bQeXA6">
But at least one thing seems clear from public surveys: People want to pay for the bill by <a href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/democrats-taxes-poll_n_6149eebae4b00171834144d5">taxing the rich</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oypzim">
A <a href="https://www.filesforprogress.org/datasets/2021/10/dfp-vox-bbb-oct12-toplines.pdf">Vox and Data for Progress poll</a>, conducted October 8-12, found that 71 percent of voters support raising taxes on the wealthiest 2 percent of Americans to pay for the bill. Eighty-six percent of Democrats and 50 percent of Republicans backed the idea. Other tax provisions focused on the wealthy that could be included in the bill — such as tax increases on corporations and capital gains — found 65 percent or more support overall.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8JIfjX">
Sixty-three percent of voters in the poll said they supported the $3.5 trillion overall plan that includes spending on health care, long-term care, child care, and clean-energy jobs.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="Chart: “Majorities of likely
voters support raising taxes on the wealthy and large corporations to pay for the Build Back Better Plan”" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/1cZ7kzenqVLCDNNTxBFG0o09xnw=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22926396/image__21_.png"/> <cite>Ethan Winter/Data for Progress</cite></figure></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JjKU1m">
It’s less clear which priorities voters most want to spend that money on. When asked to choose the <a href="https://www.filesforprogress.org/datasets/2021/10/dfp-bbb-maxdiff-priorities-toplines.pdf">most and least important parts of the Build Back Better Act</a>’s many policies, taxing the rich was most frequently cited as a top priority, with 13 percent of respondents choosing the measure. (The poll surveyed 1,224 likely voters and had a sampling margin of error of plus or minus 3 percentage points.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="i9TH2s">
Expanding Medicare benefits to cover dental, vision, and hearing also showed strong support, with 12 percent of respondents ranking it the highest priority, and another 12 percent picked policies to increase access to long-term care for older adults and people with disabilities.<strong> </strong>Republicans were especially supportive of the provisions for health care and long-term care for older adults, compared to Democrats, who most frequently cited the tax increases and clean-energy measures as top priorities.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="l6308g">
Democrats <a href="https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/paulmcleod/build-back-better-
reconciliation-cuts-congress">face tough choices</a> in keeping a promise of <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-
policy/2021/10/12/pelosi-biden-democrats-spending/">“transformative”</a> policies in the Build Back Better Act: Do programs <a href="https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2021/10/democrats-shouldnt-half-ass-joe-bidens-agenda.html">need to be made permanent</a>, increasing their price tag? Should funding <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/13/upshot/of-
four-family-policies-in-democrats-bill-which-is-most-important.html">child care or prekindergarten</a> win out over expanding Medicare benefits? How fast must the country move to cut fossil fuels and fight climate change?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Q41w0G">
This is Democrats’ first chance in years at crafting major legislation not directly tied to the pandemic — and given the electoral map’s skew toward Republicans, it could be their last for another decade.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wMvpVv">
The popularity of the Build Back Better Act so far may or may not make it easier for lawmakers to get the bill over the finish line. In the Vox/Data for Progress poll, voters were presented with arguments for and against removing a particular provision to reduce costs, such as Medicare benefits expansion or clean-energy policy. Only about a third of voters or fewer supported the cuts. And respondents showed a diversity of opinion on what’s most important in the bill.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EFnTG8">
That likely reflects the fact that Democrats’ big bill touches on important issues for people at various stages of life, said Ethan Winter, a senior analyst for Data for Progress.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="Chart: “Voters see raising taxes, expanding Medicare, and investing in long-term care
as the most important parts of the Build Back Better Plan”" src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/_y6Qp4bfKZKvSHMnTBS_7E5giAo=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22928612/Screen_Shot_2021_10_14_at_9.35.46_AM__1___1_.png"/> <cite>Ethan Winter/Data for Progress</cite>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Sjlafe">
Winter noted that a policy like free prekindergarten would be especially favored by a young parent, while expanding Medicare benefits appeals more to older adults — who make up a larger swath of the electorate. The somewhat stronger support for tax increases on the wealthy and spending on care for older adults suggests those ideas are a core appeal of Democratic politics, for both<strong> </strong>the party’s base and swing voters.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="81Ismw">
“People elect Democrats because they will raise taxes on the rich to do modest economic redistribution, and [policies] for seniors are always very popular,” Winter said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UQa7AM">
Polls have shown <a href="https://www.dataforprogress.org/blog/voters-want-the-government-to-continue-to-invest-in-job-
creation">solid majority support for most pieces of the bill</a> as standalone policies. (The child tax credit expansion has seen <a href="https://www.filesforprogress.org/datasets/2021/10/fighting-chance-ctc-support-
oct1-toplines.pdf">majority approval</a> but <a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/575491-1-in-3-want-expanded-child-
tax-credits-to-be-made-permanent-poll">seems to fare worse in polling</a> when voters are explicitly asked about making the expansion permanent.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Vk0is7">
The bill’s popularity could shift as Americans learn more about it and are exposed to partisan messaging; an <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/democrats-build-back-better-americans-dont-
know-opinion-poll/">October CBS News poll</a> found that few Americans say they know much about what’s in the bill, and only a third think it will affect them directly, despite many provisions focused on helping middle- and lower-income families.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SvusCX">
And there’s a potential warning sign for Democrats in a <a href="https://news.gallup.com/poll/355838/americans-revert-favoring-reduced-government-role.aspx">new Gallup poll</a>: In a September survey, 52 percent of voters said the government is doing too many things that should be left to individuals and businesses — basically returning to the average level in the survey in the past decade. In 2020, as the pandemic pummeled Americans and the economy, 54 percent of voters said they wanted the government to do more.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2R5KXh">
On climate issues, 57 percent of voters in the Vox/Data for Progress poll said tax credits for electric cars in the Build Back Better plan would make them more likely to purchase one.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="m9jZor">
Sixty-three percent of voters expressed support for the <a href="https://www.vox.com/22579218/clean-energy-standard-electricity-infrastructure-
democrats">clean electricity program that is a key component</a> of the bill’s climate crisis strategy and now appears in <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/15/climate/biden-clean-energy-manchin.html">danger of being scrapped or significantly cut back</a>. When asked about removing this provision of the bill after hearing arguments for and against government intervention in the energy industry, 53 percent of voters wanted to keep the clean electricity plan, and 36 percent wanted to remove it.
</p>
<h3 id="DLeI9a">
Democrats’ bill is popular. So why are they shrinking it?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yRfQMI">
Americans largely seem to like the Build Back Better Act. Most <a href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/poll-
reconciliation-bill-trillion-dollar-infrastructure_n_611c481ee4b0c696810276c1">don’t seem fazed by the $3.5 trillion price tag</a>. The strong support for tax increases on the rich — after big tax breaks for the wealthy and corporations under President Donald Trump — suggests <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/oct/10/kyrsten-sinema-arizona-
senate-senator-infrastructure-spending-biden-democrats">skeptical centrist Democrats</a> may have <a href="https://observer-reporter.com/opinion/op-eds/op-ed-reconciliation-and-build-back-
better/article_09c75618-2855-11ec-93e6-4f55bb523e50.html">other concerns</a> in backing cuts to the bill.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6Ke4fm">
The precariousness of the bill largely comes down to Democrats’ very thin majorities in the House and Senate. That gives Joe Manchin, a senator from a Trump-voting coal state, the power to <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/10/14/democrats-central-climate-program-is-trouble/">dictate demands on climate provisions</a> as well as the overall size of the bill.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tVgxh6">
It also means another centrist senator, Kyrsten Sinema, is a key figure in the negotiations, even though it’s not totally clear what she wants in the bill — and she left this week for <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/13/us/politics/kyrsten-sinema-fundraising-
europe.html">Europe on a fundraising tour</a>. (While Manchin’s approval in his home state of West Virginia has remained fairly steady overall, Sinema’s resistance to the legislation has caused her approval rating to <a href="https://morningconsult.com/2021/10/04/sinema-manchin-approval-rating/">plummet among Democrats</a> and prompt stirrings of a <a href="https://www.dataforprogress.org/blog/2021/10/14/kyrsten-sinema-poised-to-lose-democratic-
primary-in-2024">primary challenge</a> in Arizona, a state more evenly split between Republicans and Democrats.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pL2bxc">
Manchin, Sinema, and other moderate Democrats have sometimes appeared at odds with each other on tax increases and <a href="https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2021/10/manchin-sinema-demands-biden-build-back-better-
deal.html">how to pay for the bill</a>, making things even more complicated.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VrxbBy">
At New York magazine, <a href="https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2021/09/why-are-there-so-many-democrats-to-joe-bidens-right.html">Eric Levitz chalks</a> pushback by some House Democrats<strong> </strong>up to America’s skewed representation in Congress and the decline of labor as a lobbying force. Plus, perhaps, old-fashioned stubbornness: Many Democrats in Congress came of political age in the era of Bill Clinton, deficit reduction, and welfare reform. “I think that’s why we can’t have ($3.5 trillion worth of) nice things: Labor is weak, Congress is malapportioned, and some old rich Democrats have annoying beliefs,” Levitz wrote.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Ke4Rk8">
No matter what happens with the Build Back Better Act, it won’t end debates around <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/08/opinion/democrats-david-shor-education-polarization.html">what pursuing popular policies really means</a>. Even if the final bill is embraced by the public, it <a href="https://www.vox.com/22711083/biden-reconciliation-build-back-better-polls-infrastructure">might not lead Democrats to electoral victory</a>, either.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cdu5Kh">
But if Democrats are just looking for legislation that most Americans want, taxing the rich to pay for policies that help families, seniors, and the planet seems like a safe bet so far.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NzPfdj">
<strong>Update, October 16, 9:40 am</strong>: This story has been updated to reflect news that the Build Back Better Act’s clean-electricity program may be cut, and to include a new Gallup poll on the role of government.
</p>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The myth of the climate moderate</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/4SaptvJVUy_oTO-
fWUu-9WZPtGk=/167x0:2834x2000/1310x983/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/70003371/GettyImages_1235616430_copy.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Sen. Joe Manchin (D-WV) in front of the US Capitol on September 30. | Kent Nishimura/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images
</figcaption></figure></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“There isn’t a middle ground between a livable and unlivable world.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ubj5ez">
After months of discussion and debate, Democrats are at an impasse on a raft of infrastructure legislation that could make or break President Joe Biden’s effort to fight climate change. The rift, as it’s framed in <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/03/us/politics/progressive-democrats-infrastructure-abortion.html">countless</a> <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/pelosi-faces-infrastructure-squeeze-between-moderates-
progressives-n1276910">news</a> <a href="https://www.npr.org/2021/09/23/1039987448/democrats-progressives-and-moderates-
are-divided-over-infrastructure-plan">stories</a>, is between progressives who want an ambitious social and climate spending bill and moderates who have protested the price tag.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KOsOOc">
But there’s a problem with portraying these disagreements as a conflict between moderates and progressives. This picture leaves out the unarguable scientific reality that pollution is warming the planet at an unsustainable and dangerous rate. There is nothing moderate or debatable about the catastrophic changes that global emissions are wreaking on the climate. In August, a panel of United Nations climate scientists called it “<a href="https://www.vox.com/22613027/un-ipcc-climate-change-report-
ar6-disaster">unequivocal</a>” that humans have warmed Earth’s skies, waters, and lands.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="J5wfs5">
“It is possible to find middle ground in many areas of politics; I know, because I have done it,” Sen. Ed Markey (D-MA), an advocate of swift climate action, said in a recent <a href="https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/575765-markey-
senate-must-pass-reconciliation-package-before-global">press conference</a>. “But we cannot compromise on science. There isn’t a middle ground between a livable and unlivable world.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xtpJLc">
A narrative that pits progressives against moderates runs the risk of spotlighting climate deniers and centering fossil fuel interests. It arguably<strong> </strong>distracts from the substance of climate policies that a broad swath of Americans already support.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/Suf1KazU2OrkfE0KspQnQ1SqCpw=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22929689/GettyImages_1235615318_copy.jpg"/> <cite>Kent Nishimura/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Democratic holdouts Sens. Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona and Joe Manchin of West Virginia have a disproportionate power over the future of the country’s climate policy.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SWAFow">
To take ambitious climate action, Senate Democrats need every single member of their party (plus two independents) to vote for a version of the Build Back Better agenda, a proposed budget that would, among other things, <a href="https://www.vox.com/22685920/democrats-infrastructure-build-back-better-climate-change">boost clean energy and reduce US emissions</a>. That has put two holdouts, Joe Manchin of West Virginia and Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona, <a href="https://www.vox.com/22704198/congress-infrastructure-budget-reconciliation">front and center</a> in the negotiations, and gives them disproportionate power over the future of the country’s climate policy.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aIx7Jw">
Policy battles like this show that Americans need a new way to talk about the politics of climate change, as<strong> </strong>a range of strategists, pollsters, and lawmakers told Vox.<strong> </strong>Instead of focusing on “centrist” or “moderate” politicians, they said, political observers<strong> </strong>should<strong> </strong>distinguish between the many Democrats who support addressing the crisis at hand and the few who support an unacceptable status quo.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yUXi8p">
“People don’t know what ‘moderate’ even means, particularly around climate change,” Celinda Lake, a Democratic strategist, told Vox. “I mean, you’re flooded two feet instead of four?”
</p>
<h3 id="gfxLgs">
A traditional left-right spectrum doesn’t capture widespread consensus about climate change
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PaKQcn">
Let’s consider what “middle ground” climate action might mean in practice. The planet faces<strong> </strong>rampant warming unless the entire world takes aggressive action this decade. Only if countries make big and rapid investments to help clean energy replace fossil fuels will it be possible to limit warming to less disastrous levels.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XIiJdM">
Splitting the difference between doing nothing and doing everything in our power, in other words, does not halt the crisis. This “moderate” path leads us somewhere between devastating warming and catastrophic warming.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="omAX1p">
Supporters of modest climate action are ignoring the magnitude of the problem, argued Ryan Fitzpatrick, director of the Climate and Energy Program at Third Way, a group that says it promotes center-left policies. “If you don’t publicly acknowledge the severity of the impact of climate change, then why would we expect any of your policy conditions or solutions to be based in rationality?” Fitzpatrick asked.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oiZkVI">
If you accept the findings of climate scientists,<strong> </strong>he added, “you understand the level of ambition that’s needed to solve the problem.”
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<aside id="JdImZJ">
<q>“People don’t know what ‘moderate’ even means, particularly around climate change. I mean, you’re flooded two feet instead of four?” —Celinda Lake</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EDs6MG">
Research suggests that the so-called moderates in Congress don’t represent the median US opinion about climate change. Anthony Leiserowitz, director of the Yale Program on Climate Communication, has spent his career using polling to find out what the public actually thinks about climate. When he’s<a href="https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/publications/politics-global-warming-december-2020/"> looked at the political differences</a> between self-identifying conservative, moderate, and liberal voters, he finds there’s more agreement than you might hear in the halls of Congress.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Y0jGV4">
“The pattern that really jumps out to you is that there’s one group that’s really not like the others,” Leiserowitz said, “and that’s conservative Republicans.” This group made up <a href="https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/politics-global-warming-
december-2020b.pdf">less than a quarter</a> of those sampled. Most of the US voters who are doubtful or dismissive of climate change are politically conservative, and most are Republicans, his research has shown.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="asJueB">
When he ropes off the conservative Republicans as outliers, Leiserowitz finds a surprising amount of agreement on some core principles, such as support for clean energy. In Yale’s <a href="https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/publications/politics-global-warming-december-2020/">December 2020 national sample </a>of 1,036 Americans, a large majority of Democrats and moderate Republicans supported generating renewable energy on public land. The supporters included 94 percent of the liberal Democrats in the survey, 76 percent of the liberal and moderate Republicans, and 59 percent of conservative Democrats.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Fu8otb">
There’s also surprising agreement about the importance of transitioning off fossil fuels. The survey estimated that more than 8 in 10 Democrats across the spectrum support a transition to clean energy, and so did 59 percent of self-identified moderate and liberal Republicans.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="j4e4Rr">
“These are relatively minor differences,” Leiserowitz told Vox. In fact, he said, there’s more agreement than disagreement on many policies related to climate change, with the specific exception of conservative Republicans.
</p>
<aside id="Te5rXL">
<div>
</div>
</aside>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zL67SL">
Climate<strong> </strong>downplayers and deniers, however, have an elevated role in politics and arguably<strong> </strong>skew the public understanding of the consensus position. While some Republicans are gradually coming around to the idea of climate action, the top GOP senator, Mitch McConnell of Kentucky, led a Republican Senate majority that ignored the issue for nearly a decade. “We can debate this forever,” he said in 2014, ignoring the scientific consensus. And when Biden reentered the Paris climate agreement this year, a group of Republican senators <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-biden-climate-
republicans/republicans-call-for-senate-review-before-u-s-re-enters-paris-climate-deal-idUSKBN29P2WF">attempted to override </a>his order.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qhgV1r">
This helps explain how the future of US climate policy has landed in the hands of Sen. Manchin, a longtime coal businessman who continues to<a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-
congress/joe-manchin/industries?cid=N00032838&amp;cycle=2022"> receive campaign funding from the fossil fuel industry </a>and <a href="https://www.wvgazettemail.com/news/energy_and_environment/manchin-protecting-coal-industry-while-
profiting-from-it-imperils-key-climate-priorities/article_be7472e4-1560-5d79-8856-4820700c56ab.html">advocate</a> for fossil fuel interests. Before he was labeled a moderate, the press called Manchin a <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/05/joe-manchin-bernie-sanders-primary-challenge-west-virginia-
senate-2018/525918/">conservative</a> Democrat; he has very different goals than Sinema, the other senator widely called a moderate in the news these days. Sinema hails from one of the leading states in the solar industry and has publicly argued for robust climate spending in the infrastructure bill. (She has disputed reports that she wants to see <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/08/climate/arizona-senator-sinema.html">$100 billion</a> in climate funds cut from the spending bill.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lLLCSg">
As Ezra Klein wrote about <a href="https://www.vox.com/2014/7/8/5878293/lets-
stop-using-the-word-moderate">the myth of the middle</a> in a 2015 Vox story, “The idea of the moderate middle is bullshit: it’s a rhetorical device meant to marginalize some policy positions at the expense of others.” This is what’s happening to climate policy, too.
</p>
<h3 id="l2RsQo">
What should replace the myth of the climate moderate?<strong> </strong>
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Y09dkI">
The time to take a moderate approach to climate has passed, argued Dana Johnson, who leads federal policy office of WE ACT for Environmental Justice, a climate advocacy group. “If we would have done this 20, 40, 60 years ago, perhaps we could take a moderate approach,” Johnson said. “The moment right now called for us to go big, and to be bold, if we’re going to achieve any kind of meaningful change.”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Q25uXz">
She’s not the only one.<strong> </strong>“Perhaps the most politically difficult aspect of climate change is that, after decades of denial and delay, there is no longer any coherent ‘moderate’ position to be had,” energy writer David Roberts wrote in his<a href="https://www.volts.wtf/p/there-is-no-moderate-position-on"> newsletter</a>.
</p>
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At <a href="https://newrepublic.com/article/163867/manchin-sinema-climate-moderates-extremists">the New Republic</a>, Kate Aronoff has argued that lawmakers who undermine climate legislation are actually extremists: “No one should call them moderates, or even centrists. They’re extremists. If they have their way, they’re going to get a lot of people killed.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="A8l9r9">
Instead, it’s time to judge politicians on the level of their ambition, and the extent to which they prioritize the planet’s climat<em>e. </em>Leaders who aren’t ready to accelerate a transition to clean energy, and publicly recognize that fossil fuels cannot be the dominant fuel of the future, effectively support a dangerous status quo. Politicians who block climate action are more or less on the same side as fossil fuels.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/J2vv7FDT1atv3DVXuigI-
Wp9hEA=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22929734/GettyImages_1346211873_copy.jpg"/> <cite>Kevin Dietsch/Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Climate demonstrators march toward the White House to urge President Biden to ban fossil fuels on October 12.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="atui2Z">
Some climate policies genuinely divide Democrats, such as investments in <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/05/13/green-schism-biden-
climate-plan-488037">nuclear power and carbon-capture technology</a>. Many progressive environmentalists are skeptical of both.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EEurHq">
A new framing for the politics of climate change would not ignore these policy debates. It’s possible to agree about the reality and urgency of climate change while disagreeing about the best strategies to stop it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VFbAIV">
Climate change may still become an important electoral issue, as younger voters who care more about these policies start to<strong> </strong>vote<strong> </strong>in greater numbers. “Turnout is going to impact a lot of what happens in the midterms,” said Lake, the Democratic strategist. “And in the 2024 election, the younger voters are going to be bigger than the baby boomers for the first time.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="q8khSC">
Republicans may be reacting to these electoral pressures. “You have a lot of Republicans who have embraced <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/23/climate/climate-change-republicans.html">a tax credit</a> that promotes emissions reductions and clean energy sources,” Carlos Curbelo, a Republican former Congress member who introduced climate legislation in the House, told Vox. “It’s a departure from the Republican Party of just a few years ago, where the most common element … was apathy.”
</p>
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When it comes to climate change, Republicans and Democrats can be judged by the same standard. “It comes down to whether or not you acknowledge the well-established fact that climate change is going to cause severe damage, particularly if we don’t meet these emissions goals,” said Fitzpatrick of Third Way. “Whether you call yourself a progressive or a moderate, if you’re serious about climate, we all have to be aiming to accomplish the same thing. And getting that means getting to net-zero emissions by 2050.”
</p>
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</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DYQitJ">
</p>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>T20 World Cup warm-up | India would look to sort out opening combination, Hardik’s batting position</strong> - Against England and Wednesday’s game versus Australia, the Indian team management would look to give the players who are still not automatic choices in the playing XI, more overs to bat or bowl to get a better idea about their current form</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mere formality but BCCI invites application for head coach’s post</strong> - Dravid has already informally agreed during his discussion with top BCCI officials in Dubai on the sidelines of IPL final</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ICC Twenty20 World Cup | Australia wants nothing less than title, says Mitchell Starc</strong> - Australia have just six wins from their last 21 games in T20 cricket and have lost five consecutive series</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ICC Twenty20 World Cup | Former champions Sri Lanka clash with fast-rising Namibia</strong> - Sri Lanka’s first rivals Namibia are returning to World Cup stage after competing in the 2003 edition.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ICC T20 World Cup | Ireland faces tough Netherlands in their opener</strong> - Ireland have registered World Cup victories over Pakistan, England, West Indies and Zimbabwe and Bangladesh in T20 World cup.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Punjab CM launches ‘Mera Ghar Mere Naam’ scheme</strong> - He said that earlier this scheme was launched only for the residents of villages but now it is being extended to the eligible residents of the cities</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Nokkukooli not a right, says Rajeeve</strong> - Minister calls for creation of new opportunities for workers</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sonia’s firm stand seeks to formalise Rahul’s role whether or not he enjoys any formal position</strong> - It is also a clear message to G-23 leaders, who are seeking internal reforms, that she is still the boss</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Political parties, civil society in Tripura condemn Bangladesh violence against Hindus</strong> - Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasina earlier said action will be taken again those trying to “disturb communal harmony”</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Bommai campaigns in Hangal, holds meeting at Shivakumar Udasi’s house</strong> - The CM used the opportunity to send a message that the Udasi family members were actively involved in the campaign.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Macron condemns ‘unforgivable’ 1961 massacre of Algerians in Paris</strong> - The 1961 Paris massacre was denied or concealed by French governments for decades.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>BBC’s Rainsford can return if Russian journalists gets UK visas - ambassador</strong> - Ambassador Andrei Kelin says the BBC reporter can return if Russian journalists gets UK visas.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Russian team back on Earth after filming first movie in space</strong> - The Russian film crew return after an ISS shoot that had its own moments of drama.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Dormice favoured by Italian mafia seized in drugs raid</strong> - Italian police search a cannabis farm and seize a stash of 235 frozen dormice - a mafia delicacy.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Covid: Russia’s daily deaths pass 1,000 for first time</strong> - Infections continue to soar as the Kremlin struggles to persuade people to get vaccinated.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Robert Pattinson broods and batters his way through new The Batman trailer</strong> - Also: Is that Michael Keaton returning as Batman in sneak peek for <em>The Flash</em> film? - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1804748">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>John Cena shows off comedic chops in extended teaser for Peacemaker series</strong> - “We’re born killers. What separates us from other killers is we only kill bad people. Usually.” - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1804724">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Star Trek: Exploring New Worlds exhibit comes to LA’s Skirball Center</strong> - Spaceship models, Kirk’s captain’s chair, plenty of props—and so many Tribbles - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1796392">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Every: When Big Tech rules all, don’t say Dave Eggers didn’t warn us</strong> - Bestselling author talks latest “sequel,” in which humanity cedes control to tech. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1799306">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Weeping Angels are as terrifying as ever in Doctor Who: Flux trailer</strong> - “There’s no use being squeamish, we’ve got the future to save.” - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1804682">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Guy breaks into a house and finds a married couple in bed.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He drags the husband out and ties him up. As he’s tying the wife up he kisses her neck and then goes to the bathroom.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The husband says " He’s wearing prison issue clothes and must have escaped. He probably hasn’t been with a woman for a while and I saw him kiss your neck. If he wants to fuck you and have you suck his dick, just let him, it’s our best chance of surviving this. Stay strong, I love you honey."
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
At that point, the wife says “He didn’t kiss my neck, he whispered your husband’s cute, have you got any lube? I said yes, in the bathroom. You stay strong, I love you honey.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/thenez68"> /u/thenez68 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/q9m023/guy_breaks_into_a_house_and_finds_a_married/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/q9m023/guy_breaks_into_a_house_and_finds_a_married/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>What is the difference between a snowman and a snowwoman?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Snowballs
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/FunnyDifficulty6"> /u/FunnyDifficulty6 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/q9tsbv/what_is_the_difference_between_a_snowman_and_a/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/q9tsbv/what_is_the_difference_between_a_snowman_and_a/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>One night a man walked into a bar</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
One night a man walked into a bar with an alligator.<br/> He stood up on the counter and announced, “If I stick my cock and balls into this gator’s mouth, let the gator shut his jaws and pull them out without a scratch on ’em you’ll all buy me a drink.”<br/> The crowd looked up at the man and nodded with glee.<br/> So the man whipped out his cock and balls and stuck them in the gator’s mouth then shut the gator’s jaws.<br/> A few moments later he hit it on the head with a beer bottle and the gator’s mouth flung open, he pulled his genitalia out without a scratch.<br/> As he was collecting his first free drink he looked to the crowd and asked if anybody would like to try.<br/> A hush blew over the crowd.<br/> All of a sudden a hand shot up in the back. “I would,” said the blond lady, “if you promise not to hit me in the head with a beer bottle.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/ereyes7089"> /u/ereyes7089 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/q9v1uj/one_night_a_man_walked_into_a_bar/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/q9v1uj/one_night_a_man_walked_into_a_bar/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>A blonde, brunette, and redhead mom go to a cafe….</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
They had each stolen their daughters purses to see what their girls did in their free time.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The redhead mom opens her daughters purse first and finds a pack of cigarettes. “Oh my God, Debbie smokes! I am going to kill her!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The brunette mom opens her daughter’s purse second, holding up a half-smoked joint. “Lindsay smokes pot?! How could she?!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The blonde mom rifles through her daughter’s purse next and pulls out an empty condom wrapper. The other moms stare at her for a few moments before she puts her hand over her mouth. “Holy shit… Cindy has a dick.”
</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Tjaames"> /u/Tjaames </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/q9h4td/a_blonde_brunette_and_redhead_mom_go_to_a_cafe/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/q9h4td/a_blonde_brunette_and_redhead_mom_go_to_a_cafe/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>An attractive blonde walks into a casino</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The two bored dealers look at her and their eyes spark up. The blonde then makes a huge bet of $100,000 on a roll of a dice.
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Before she rolls, she asks the dealers whether she could take her top off. The two dealers immediately agree.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The blonde takes her top off, and proceeds with the roll. Then, she screams, “I won! I won! Oh my God I did it!”.
</p>
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After the blonde left with her cash, the two dealers stare at each other, dumbfounded.
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“Did you see what she rolled?” One dealer asks the other.
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“Nah man, I thought you were watching!”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/DJY_djy"> /u/DJY_djy </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/q9t4zo/an_attractive_blonde_walks_into_a_casino/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/q9t4zo/an_attractive_blonde_walks_into_a_casino/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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