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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Educational Assessment Experiences of College Students during COVID-19</strong> -
<div>
To better understand the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on today’s college students and tomorrow’s workforce, a survey was administered to 992 U.S. college students (Meanage=22.36 years, SDage=5.24; %female=53.3) between February and June 2021 on academic assessment practices they experienced before and after COVID-19. Females reported greater test anxiety and lower computer self-efficacy; neither varied based on race/ethnicity nor parental education. Most reported a transition to an online modality during the COVID-19 outbreak with a decrease in classroom assessments. Though classroom assessment formats appeared to change minimally, assessment administration changed markedly during the pandemic-affected period. Untimed and open-book assessments became more common. Assessments administered in-class and in-person proctored became less frequent. Interestingly, during spring 2021, as many colleges returned to in-person instruction, open-book, outside of class, and exams proctored online or unproctored remained common, suggesting a persistent shift in assessment administration practices. Students generally did not feel that exams covered any less content, however cheating was a concern. Most indicated it was difficult to concentrate and reported the idea of taking an exam was stressful during the pandemic, though many still believed that it is important to have assessments to demonstrate learning. Some noted they no longer planned to take certain standardized exams (e.g., GRE) given changes in admission requirements of post-baccalaureate academic programs. Some felt deterred from pursuing further education, yet others felt more inclined given perceptions of a highly competitive job market. Implications of these findings are discussed.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/kq5yd/" target="_blank">Educational Assessment Experiences of College Students during COVID-19</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Self-Employment among Graduates during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Necessity or Opportunity Entrepreneurship Driven</strong> -
<div>
The Covid-19 pandemic has caused a profound and damaging impact on the global economy, including the rise in unemployment. One of the significant trends that emerged from the pandemic is the decline of graduate recruitment volumes due to the closure of several business activities among employers. As a result, more graduates are likely difficult to enter the labour market and not able to earn a living. In Malaysia, the government and universities have put concerted efforts to inculcate entrepreneurial mindset and competencies among graduates, intending to prepare them with entrepreneurial qualities to become independent and resourceful graduates. This study explores to what extend the Covid-19 pandemic has influenced the graduates of the Entrepreneurship Program in Universiti Malaysia Sabah to become self-employed,after 6 months of their graduation, and what drives their choices. The results of 108 graduates found that more than half of them choose for self-employment after graduation during the pandemic, mainly take up their own business and perceived themselves as opportunity-driven (to take advantage of business opportunities), while the remaining are necessity-driven (to help family, to earn money, lack of other options). The study also provides insights that venturing into entrepreneurial activities is a significant strategy for livelihood among graduates. This paper would shed light for further studies on the influence of opportunity and necessity motivation towards entrepreneurial opportunity among graduates.The results of 108 graduates found that more than half of them choose for self-employment after graduation during the pandemic, mainly take up their own business and perceived themselves as opportunity-driven (to take advantage of business opportunities), while the remaining are necessity-driven (to help family, to earn money, lack of other options). The study also provides insights that venturing into entrepreneurial activities is a significant strategy for livelihood among graduates. This paper would shed light for further studies on the influence of opportunity and necessity motivation towards entrepreneurial opportunity among graduates.The results of 108 graduates found that more than half of them choose for self-employment after graduation during the pandemic, mainly take up their own business and perceived themselves as opportunity-driven (to take advantage of business opportunities), while the remaining are necessity-driven (to help family, to earn money, lack of other options). The study also provides insights that venturing into entrepreneurial activities is a significant strategy for livelihood among graduates. This paper would shed light for further studies on the influence of opportunity and necessity motivation towards entrepreneurial opportunity among graduates.to earn money, lack of other options). The study also provides insights that venturing into entrepreneurial activities is a significant strategy for livelihood among graduates. This paper would shed light for further studies on the influence of opportunity and necessity motivation towards entrepreneurial opportunity among graduates.to earn money, lack of other options). The study also provides insights that venturing into entrepreneurial activities is a significant strategy for livelihood among graduates. This paper would shed light for further studies on the influence of opportunity and necessity motivation towards entrepreneurial opportunity among graduates.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/kyxf3/" target="_blank">Self-Employment among Graduates during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Necessity or Opportunity Entrepreneurship Driven</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 Viral Genes Compromise Survival and Functions of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Cardiomyocytes via Reducing Cellular ATP Level</strong> -
<div>
Cardiac manifestations are commonly observed in COVID-19 patients and prominently contributed to overall mortality. Human myocardium could be infected by SARS-CoV-2, and human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 gene-induced injury and dysfunction of human CMs remain elusive. Here, we find overexpression of three SARS-CoV-2 coding genes, Nsp6, Nsp8 and M, could globally compromise transcriptome of hPSC-CMs. Integrated transcriptomic analyses of hPSC-CMs infected by SARS-CoV-2 with hPSC-CMs of Nsp6, Nsp8 or M overexpression identified concordantly activated genes enriched into apoptosis and immune/inflammation responses, whereas reduced genes related to heart contraction and functions. Further, Nsp6, Nsp8 or M overexpression induce prominent apoptosis and electrical dysfunctions of hPSC-CMs. Global interactome analysis find Nsp6, Nsp8 and M all interact with ATPase subunits, leading to significantly reduced cellular ATP level of hPSC-CMs. Finally, we find two FDA-approved drugs, ivermectin and meclizine, could enhance the ATP level, and ameliorate cell death and dysfunctions of hPSC-CMs overexpressing Nsp6, Nsp8 or M. Overall, we uncover the global detrimental impacts of SARS-CoV-2 genes Nsp6, Nsp8 and M on the whole transcriptome and interactome of hPSC-CMs, define the crucial role of ATP level reduced by SARS-CoV-2 genes in CM death and functional abnormalities, and explore the potentially pharmaceutical approaches to ameliorate SARS-CoV-2 genes-induced CM injury and abnormalities.
</div>
<div class="article- link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.20.477147v1" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 Viral Genes Compromise Survival and Functions of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Cardiomyocytes via Reducing Cellular ATP Level</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>A Cross-Country Analysis of the Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines in Reducing Mortality Rates within the EU</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
We use a linear mixed model in order to estimate the effect of the number of people vaccinated against COVID-19 on the overall death toll on a monthly basis. We limit our analysis for the duration of the year 2021 and within 25 countries which are current or former (UK) members of the EU since these countries follow similar approaches to testing and reporting different COVID-19 related statistics. We explored the effect in question by comparing the total number of people vaccinated up to the end of each month and the total number of deaths occurring during the next month while controlling for several measures including number of new COVID-19 cases, diabetes prevalence, cardio vascular death rates and time trends among others. Our results indicated that one percentage point monthly increase in the total number of vaccinated people was associated, on average, with a decrease of two deaths per general population of 1 million for the next month with the effect being highly significant.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.23.22269604v1" target="_blank">A Cross-Country Analysis of the Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines in Reducing Mortality Rates within the EU</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Diminished neutralization responses towards SARS-CoV-2 Omicron VoC after mRNA or vector-based COVID-19 vaccinations</strong> -
<div>
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SARS-CoV-2 variants accumulating immune escape mutations provide a significant risk to vaccine-induced protection. The novel variant of concern (VoC) Omicron (B.1.1.529) has the largest number of amino acid alterations in its Spike protein to date. Thus, it may efficiently escape recognition by neutralizing antibodies, allowing breakthrough infections in convalescent and vaccinated individuals. We analyzed neutralization activity of sera from individuals after vaccination with all mRNA-, vector- or heterologous immunization schemes currently available in Europe by in vitro neutralization assay at peak response towards SARS-CoV-2 B.1, Omicron, Beta and Delta pseudotypes and also provide longitudinal follow-up data from BNT162b2 vaccinees. All vaccines apart from Ad26.CoV2.S showed high levels of responder rates (93-100%) towards SARS-CoV-2 wild-type, but some reductions in neutralizing Beta and Delta VoC pseudotypes. The novel Omicron variant had the biggest impact, both in terms of response rates and neutralization titers. Only mRNA-1273 showed a 100% response rate to Omicron and induced the highest level of neutralizing antibody titers, followed by heterologous prime-boost approaches. Homologous BNT162b2 vaccination or vector-based AZD1222 or Ad26.CoV2.S performed less well with peak responder rates of 33%, 50% and 9%, respectively. However, Omicron responder rates in BNT162b2 recipients were maintained in our six month longitudinal follow-up indicating that individuals with cross-protection against Omicron maintain it over time. Overall, our data strongly argues for urgent booster doses in individuals who were previously vaccinated with BNT162b2, or a vector-based immunization scheme.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.21.21267898v2" target="_blank">Diminished neutralization responses towards SARS-CoV-2 Omicron VoC after mRNA or vector-based COVID-19 vaccinations</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Shorter serial intervals in SARS-CoV-2 cases with Omicron variant compared to Delta variant in the Netherlands, 13 - 19 December 2021</strong> -
<div>
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The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has a growth advantage over the Delta variant, due to higher transmissibility, immune evasion, or a shorter serial interval. Using S-gene target failure (SGTF) as indication for Omicron, we identify 220 SGTF and 869 non-SGTF serial intervals in the same week. Within households, we find a mean serial interval of 3.4 days for SGTF and 3.9 days for non-SGTF cases. This suggests that the growth advantage of Omicron is partly due to a shorter serial interval.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.18.22269217v1" target="_blank">Shorter serial intervals in SARS- CoV-2 cases with Omicron variant compared to Delta variant in the Netherlands, 13 - 19 December 2021</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Serological study of CoronaVac vaccine and booster doses in Chile: immunogenicity and persistence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies</strong> -
<div>
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ABSTRACT Background: Chile was severely affected by COVID19 outbreaks but was also one of the first countries to start a nationwide program to vaccinate against the disease. Furthermore, Chile became one of the fastest countries to inoculate a high percentage of the target population and implemented homologous and heterologous booster schemes in late 2021 to prevent potential immunological waning. The aim of this study is to compare the immunogenicity and time course of the humoral response elicited by the CoronaVac vaccine in combination with homologous versus heterologous boosters. Methods and Findings: We compared the immunogenicity of two doses of CoronaVac and BNT162b2 vaccines and studied the effect of different booster regimes in the Chilean population. Our results demonstrate that a two-dose vaccination scheme with CoronaVac induces lower levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies than BNT162b2 in a broad age range. Furthermore, antibody production declines with time in individuals vaccinated with CoronaVac and less noticeably, with BNT162b2. Remarkably, analysis of booster schemes revealed that individuals vaccinated with two doses of CoronaVac generate immunological memory against the SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain, which can be re-activated with homologous or heterologous (BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1) boosters. Nevertheless, the magnitude of the antibody response with the heterologous booster regime was considerably higher and persistent (over 100 days) than the responses induced by the homologous scheme. Conclusions: Two doses of CoronaVac induces antibody titers against the SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain which are lower in magnitude than those induced by the BNT162b2 vaccine. However, the response induced by CoronaVac can be greatly potentiated with a heterologous booster scheme with BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 vaccines. Furthermore, the heterologous booster regimes induce a durable antibody response which does not show signs of decay 3 months after the booster dose.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.14.22269289v1" target="_blank">Serological study of CoronaVac vaccine and booster doses in Chile: immunogenicity and persistence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>COVID-19 and its clinical severity are associated with alterations of plasma sphingolipids and enzyme activities of sphingomyelinase and ceramidase</strong> -
<div>
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In the current pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19), a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality and treat post-COVID-19 disease. Here, we analyzed alterations of sphingolipids and their metabolizing enzymes in 125 men and 74 women tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and hospitalized with mild, moderate or severe symptoms or after convalescence. The activities of acid and neutral sphingomyelinases (ASM, NSM), which hydrolyze sphingomyelin to ceramide, were significantly increased in COVID-19 patients, while the activity of neutral ceramidase (NC), which hydrolyzes ceramide to sphingosine, was reduced. These alterations could each contribute to elevated ceramide levels in patients. Accordingly, liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) yielded increased levels of ceramides 16:0 and 18:0 with highest levels in severely affected patients and similar effects for dihydroceramides 16:0 and 18:0, whereas levels of (dihydro-)ceramides 24:0 were reduced. Furthermore, sphingomyelin 20:0; 22:0 and 24:0 as substrates of ASM and NSM as well as their dihydrosphingomyelin counterparts were reduced in patients as well as sphingosine-1-phosphate further downstream of NC activity. Effects of NSM, NC, ceramides and sphingomyelins remained significant after Bonferroni correction. SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in convalescent patients were associated with age but none of the sphingolipid parameters. Based on our data, COVID-19 is associated with a dysregulation of sphingolipid homeostasis in a severity- dependent manner, particularly focused around a reduction of sphingomyelins and an accumulation of ceramides by increased enzyme activities leading to ceramide elevation (ASM, NSM) combined with a decreased activity of enzymes (NC) reducing ceramide levels. The potential of a combined sphingolipid/enzyme pattern as a diagnostic and prognostic marker and therapeutic target deserves further exploration.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.19.22269391v1" target="_blank">COVID-19 and its clinical severity are associated with alterations of plasma sphingolipids and enzyme activities of sphingomyelinase and ceramidase</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>How to Run Behavioural Experiments Online: Best Practice Suggestions for Cognitive Psychology and Neuroscience</strong> -
<div>
The combination of a replication crisis, global COVID-19 pandemic, and recent technological advances have accelerated the on-going transition of research in cognitive psychology and neuroscience to the online realm. When participants cannot be tested in-person, data of acceptable quality can still be collected online. While online research offers many advantages, numerous pitfalls may hinder researchers in addressing their questions appropriately, potentially resulting in unusable data and misleading conclusions. Here, we present a cost-benefit analysis of conducting online studies in cognitive psychology and neuroscience, coupled with detailed best practice suggestions that span the range from initial study design to the final interpretation of data. These suggestions offer a critical look at issues regarding recruitment of typical and (sub)clinical samples, their comparison, and the importance of context- dependency in each part of a study. We illustrate our suggestions by means of a recent online experiment investigating cognitive working memory skills in adults with the learning disorder dyslexia.
</div>
<div class="article-link article- html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/nt67j/" target="_blank">How to Run Behavioural Experiments Online: Best Practice Suggestions for Cognitive Psychology and Neuroscience</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Evaluation of the effects of vaccination regimes on the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 pandemic</strong> -
<div>
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The COVID-19 pandemic has yet to be eliminated globally despite the advancement of immunization programs. Evaluation of the effects of the vaccination regimes of COVID-19 is critical for understanding the potential capacity of countermeasures and informing subsequent prioritization strategies of responses. Research and observational data provide broad support regarding the importance of effective vaccines, in contrast, debates remain on the timing and priority of booster vaccination under the assumption of resource constraint. This study aims to evaluate the effect of vaccination regimes on the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic from the medium-term perspective. We employ a mathematical model to infer critical epidemiological characteristics associated with COVID-19, thereafter perform simulation on the transmission dynamics of the epidemic up to 3 years. The outcomes imply that in the absence of severe variants of the pathogen, administration of booster vaccination curtails the peak size of total cases and share of severe infections at later waves. Nevertheless, it can be better off by prioritizing the primary doses to unvaccinated individuals when vaccine shortage is challenged. The effects of priority categories are consistent across a broad range of profiles. Increasing the rollout capacity (i.e., administration rate) of doses can render the reproduction number lower than one and hence contain the transmission of pandemic ultimately controlling for other factors. The timing of rollout of primary doses is pivotal in reducing the magnitude of transmission saturation. It is of importance to prioritize the administration of primary vaccination series to vulnerable individuals efficiently and thereafter increment of administration capacity when the supply of vaccine increases over time to scale down the size of an epidemic.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.22.22269569v1" target="_blank">Evaluation of the effects of vaccination regimes on the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 pandemic</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>ESTIMATING THE EFFECT OF VACCINATION ON THE CASE-FATALITY RATE FOR COVID-19</strong> -
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Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination on the case fatality rate (CFR) for COVID-19 infection. Unlike infection or mortality rates, CFR is not affected by unmeasured patient behaviors or environmental factors that affect the risk of exposure. Methods: Cases were identified through the COVID Shared Data Resource (CSDR) of the Department of Veterans Affairs. Patients were included in this study if they had baseline data available for risk stratification. The primary outcome was death within 60 days of the first positive nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT). A patient was considered fully vaccinated if they had received one dose of the Johnson &amp; Johnson product or two doses of any other formulation, at least, 14 days prior to the NAAT. Cases diagnosed in July, August, or September of 2021 were considered to have the delta variant. We used novel methods to control for confounders in multiple domains of the electronic medical record, including ICD10 codes, vital signs, baseline laboratory tests and outpatient medications. These procedures included retrieving all entries more than 14 days prior to the NAAT; deriving summary measures of their contribution to the risk of death; and including these measures as covariates in a logistic regression model evaluating vaccine effectiveness. PDeathDx refers to the risk of death based on 153 root ICD10 codes previously shown to be independent predictors of mortality. PDeathLabs refers to the risk based on 49 parameters from 4 vital signs and 7 baseline laboratory tests. AggRiskDx refers to the aggregate effect of 8 drug classes shown to have protective effects. Other predictors in the model included demographic characteristics and comorbidity scores. Logistic regression was used to derive adjusted odds ratios for the vaccination and delta terms. Separate models were developed for early COVID variants and the delta variant. Split sample validation was used to determine if the estimates for vaccine and delta effects were stable across independent patient samples. Results: On September 30, 2021, there were 339,772 patients in the COVID CSDR who met the criteria for this study. 9.1% had been fully vaccinated, while 21.5% were presumed to have the delta variant. The median time from vaccination to diagnosis was 154 days. Overall, 18,120 patients (5.33%) died within 60 days of their diagnosis. Multivariate modeling showed that age, gender, race, ethnicity, veteran status, PDeathDx, PDeathLabs, AggRiskRx and 3 of 4 comorbidity measures were independent risk factors for death within 60 days. The adjusted odds ratio for delta infection was 1.87 +/- 0.05, which corresponds to a relative risk of 1.78. The adjusted odds ratio for prior vaccination was 0.280 +/- 0.011, corresponding to a relative risk of 0.291. Separate models showed that vaccination had even greater benefits for delta infections than for earlier variants. Split sample procedures showed that the estimates for vaccine and delta effects were stable across independent samples. Conclusions: Estimates of vaccine effectiveness are valid to the extent that they exclude non-vaccine effects and control for confounding. Infection and mortality rates depend upon the risk of exposure which, in turn, depends upon the extent to which the patient adheres to COVID precautions and environmental factors. Moreover, there are hundreds of confounders that may promote higher vaccination rates in those suspected to have poor outcomes if they contract the virus. Our study used CFR and novel procedures to mitigate these problems. Although delta is substantially more lethal than earlier variants, vaccination reduces the risk of death by over 70%. Moreover, the benefit of such was observed at a median of 5 months after vaccination. Our study using CFR confirms that vaccination is an effective means of preventing COVID death and suggests that CFR would better identify changes in virulence of new variants.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.22.22269689v1" target="_blank">ESTIMATING THE EFFECT OF VACCINATION ON THE CASE-FATALITY RATE FOR COVID-19</a>
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<li><strong>Beyond vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Study of the importance of Behavioral and Native Factors on COVID-19 Infection and Severity.</strong> -
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The COVID-19 pandemic has a major impact on a global scale. Understanding the innate and lifestyle-related factors influencing the rate and severity of COVID-19 is important for making evidence-based recommendations. This cross-sectional study aimed at establishing a potential relationship between human characteristics and vulnerability/resistance to SARS-CoV-2. We hypothesize that the impact of virus is not the same due to cultural and ethnic differences. A cross-sectional study was performed using an online questionnaire. The methodology included a development of a multi-language survey, expert evaluation and data analysis. Data was collected using a 13-item pre- tested questionnaire based on a literature review. Data was statistically analyzed using the logistic regression. For a total of 1125 respondents, 332 (29.5%) were COVID-19 positive, among them 130 (11.5%) required home-based treatment, and 14 (1.2%) intensive care. The significant factors included age, physical activity and health status all found to have a significant influence on the infection (p &lt; 0.05). The severity of infection was associated with preventive measures and tobacco (p &lt; 0.05). This suggests the importance of behavioral factors compared to innate ones. Apparently, the individual behavior is mainly responsible for the spread of the virus. Adopting a healthy lifestyle and scrupulously observing preventive measures including vaccination would greatly limit the probability of infection and prevent the development of severe COVID-19.
</p>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.23.22269214v1" target="_blank">Beyond vaccination: A Cross- Sectional Study of the importance of Behavioral and Native Factors on COVID-19 Infection and Severity.</a>
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<li><strong>Impact of accelerating booster vaccination amidst Omicron surge in the United States</strong> -
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COVID-19 infections driven by the Omicron variant are sweeping across the United States. Although early evidence suggests that the Omicron variant may cause less severe disease than previous variants, the explosive spread of infections threatens to drive hospitalizations and deaths to unprecedented high levels, swamping already overburdened hospitals. Booster vaccination appears to be effective at preventing severe illness and hospitalization. However, the pace of booster vaccination in the US has been slow despite the available infrastructure to administer doses at a much higher rate. We used an age-stratified, multi-variant agent-based model to project the reduction in COVID-related deaths and hospitalizations that could be achieved by accelerating the current daily pace of booster vaccination in the US. We found that doubling the rate of booster vaccination would prevent over 400,000 hospitalizations and 48,000 deaths. Tripling the booster vaccination rate would avert over 600,000 hospitalizations and save 70,000 lives during the first four months of 2022.
</p>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.22.22269655v1" target="_blank">Impact of accelerating booster vaccination amidst Omicron surge in the United States</a>
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<li><strong>Vaccine hesitancy and access to psoriasis care in the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from a global patient-reported cross-sectional survey.</strong> -
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Background: COVID-19 vaccination is efficacious at protecting against severe COVID-19 outcomes in the general population. However, vaccine hesitancy (unwillingness for vaccination despite available vaccination services) threatens public health. Individuals taking immunosuppression for psoriasis have been prioritised for COVID-19 vaccination, however there is a paucity of information on vaccine hesitancy in this population, including contributing factors. While global healthcare has been severely disrupted in the pandemic, the impact on access to psoriasis care and whether this may negatively influence vaccine uptake, is underexplored. Objectives: To explore organisational and individual factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in individuals with psoriasis. Methods: Individuals with psoriasis, identified through global patient organisations and social media, completed a cross-sectional self-reported online survey. The primary outcome was COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between predictor variables (organisational and individual factors) and outcome. Results: Self-reported data from 802 individuals with psoriasis across 89 countries were available (65.6% female, median age 51 years [IQR 37-61], 43.7% taking systemic immunosuppression). Eight percent (n=63) reported vaccine hesitancy. Those reporting vaccine hesitancy were younger, more likely to be of non-white ethnicity, non-UK resident, have a lower BMI, not taking systemic immunosuppression and with shorter disease duration compared to those not reporting vaccine hesitancy. The commonest reasons for vaccine hesitancy were concerns regarding vaccine side-effects, that the vaccine is too new or that psoriasis may worsen post-vaccination. Forty percent (n=322) reported that their psoriasis care had been disrupted by the pandemic. These individuals were younger, of non-white ethnicity, with shorter duration and more severe psoriasis. Disruption to psoriasis care was associated with vaccine hesitancy (unadjusted OR 2.97 (95%CI 1.23-7.13), p=0.015), although not statistically significant in the adjusted model. Conclusion: A minority of individuals with psoriasis from our study reported COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Similar to general population trends, vaccine hesitancy in our psoriasis sample is most common in younger age and ethnic minority groups. Our data highlight patient concerns regarding COVID-19 vaccination, which are important to address during patient-clinician interactions to help optimise vaccine uptake and mitigate risks from the ongoing pandemic in individuals with psoriasis.
</p>
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.20.22269546v1" target="_blank">Vaccine hesitancy and access to psoriasis care in the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from a global patient-reported cross-sectional survey.</a>
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<li><strong>Social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: a population study</strong> -
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Since March of 2020, billions of people worldwide have been asked to limit their social contacts in an effort to contain the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, little research has been carried out to date on the impact of such social distancing measures on the social isolation levels of the population. In this paper, we study the impact of the pandemic on the social isolation of the Spanish population, by means of 32,359 answers to a citizen survey collected over a period of 7 months. We uncover (1) a significant increase in the prevalence of social isolation in the population, reaching almost 26%; (2) gender and age differences, with the largest prevalence of isolation among middle- aged individuals; (3) a strong relationship between economic impact and social isolation; and (4) differences in social isolation, depending on the number of COVID-19 protection measures and on the perception of coronavirus infection risk by our participants. Our research sheds quantitative light on the sociological impact of the pandemic, and enables us to identify key factors in the interplay between the deployment of non-pharmaceutical interventions to contain the spread of an infectious disease and a population9s levels of social isolation.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.22.22269682v1" target="_blank">Social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: a population study</a>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Quantifying Viral Load in Respiratory Particles That Are Generated by Children and Adults With COVID-19 Infection</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Device: COVID-19 Aerosol Collection<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
Massachusetts General Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of Booster With AZD1222, mRNA-1273, or MVC-COV1901 Against COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Vaccine<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Half dose of MVC-COV1901;   Biological: Full dose of MVC-COV1901;   Biological: AZD1222;   Biological: Half dose of mRNA-1273<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corp.;   Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluation of Safety &amp; Efficacy of MIR 19 ® Inhalation Solution in Patients With Moderate COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: MIR 19 ®;   Combination Product: Standard COVID-19 therapy<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia;   St. Petersburg Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy of Breathox Device Inhalation Therapy in the Treatment of Acute Symptoms Associated With COVID-19 and in the Prevention of the Use of Health Resources</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: BREATHOX 5 sessions;   Drug: BREATHOX 10 sessions<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   UPECLIN HC FM Botucatu Unesp;   Liita Holdings LTD<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Plasma Exchange in Covid-19 Patients With Anti-interferon Autoantibodies</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Therapeutic plasma exchange<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
Centre Hospitalier St Anne<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Randomized Multicenter Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Favipiravir for Parenteral Administration Compared to Standard of Care in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Favipiravir;   Drug: Remdesivir<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Promomed, LLC;   Solyur Pharmaceuticals Group<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immunogenicity of an Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sinovac Research and Development Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Inhaled Heparin for Hospitalised Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: unfractionated Heparin<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:  <br/>
Australian National University;   The George Institute;   St George Hospital, Australia;   St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne;   John Hunter Hospital;   Royal North Shore Hospital<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Prospective, Phase II Study to Evaluate Safety of 101-PGC-005 (’005) for Moderate to Severe COVID-19 Disease Along With Standard of Care</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: 101-PGC-005 (’005) + SOC;   Drug: Placebo + SOC<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   101 Therapeutics<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>To Evaluate Safety &amp; Immunogenicity of DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT1 for COVID-19 in Healthy Adults Received 2 Doses of BNT162b2</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT1;   Biological: Matching placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   The University of Hong Kong<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immunogenicity and Safety Study of a SCB-2019 Vaccine Booster Dose to Adults Who Previously Received Primary Series of Selected COVID-19 Vaccines</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: Candidate vaccine, SCB-2019<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Clover Biopharmaceuticals AUS Pty Ltd<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Increasing COVID-19 Testing in Chicago’s African American Testing Desserts</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pandemic<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: COVID-19 Testing<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Rush University Medical Center<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Messaging for Vaccination</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Vaccination Refusal;   COVID-19 Pandemic<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: Doctor Videos;   Behavioral: Sharing Videos;   Behavioral: Sharing Videos (Influencers);   Behavioral: Vaccine Ambassador;   Behavioral: Video framing;   Behavioral: Video order<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Massachusetts Institute of Technology;   Facebook, Inc.;   Code3;   Stanford University;   Harvard University;   Yale University;   Johns Hopkins University;   Massachusetts General Hospital;   Ludwig-Maximilians - University of Munich;   National Institutes of Health (NIH)<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Respiratory Physiotherapy and Neurorehabilitation in Patients With Post-covid19 Sequelae.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pandemic<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: respiratory treatment<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Universidad Católica de Ávila<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Effect of Telemonitoring on Anxiety and Quality of Life in Patients in COVID 19 Quarantine</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pandemic<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: tele-monitoring<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
Yuksek Ihtisas University<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The COVID-19-diabetes mellitus molecular tetrahedron</strong> - Accumulating molecular evidence suggests that insulin resistance, rather than SARS-CoV-2- provoked beta-cell impairment, plays a major role in the observed rapid metabolic deterioration in diabetes, or new-onset hyperglycemia, during the COVID-19 clinical course. In order to clarify the underlying complexity of COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus interactions, we propose the imaginary diabetes-COVID-19 molecular tetrahedron with four lateral faces consisting of SARS-CoV-2 entry via ACE2 (lateral face…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Artecanin of Laurus nobilis is a novel inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease with highly desirable druglikeness</strong> - Main protease (M^(pro)) is a critical enzyme in the life cycle of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus -2 (SARS-CoV-2). Due to its essential role in the maturation of the polyproteins, the necessity to inhibit M^(pro) is one of the essential means to prevent the outbreak of COVID-19. In this context, this study was conducted on the natural compounds of medicinal plants that are commonly available in the Middle East to find out the most potent one to inhibit M^(pro) with the best…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>An investigation for the interaction of gamma oryzanol with the Mpro of SARS-CoV-2 to combat COVID-19: DFT, molecular docking, ADME and molecular dynamics simulations</strong> - COVID-19 has affected more or less every nation across the world and affected the economy very badly. Infection of this virus in human took the life of millions. We have already faced the first and the second waves of COVID-19 and recently, the nations or humanity is afraid of new strain, that is, OMICRON. Considered to highly infectious than the previous strains. Therefore, the researchers are working to find a promising molecule with no or permissible toxicity. In the present work, authors…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>HACE2-Exosome-Based Nano-Bait for Concurrent SARS-CoV-2 Trapping and Antioxidant Therapy</strong> - Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is seriously threatening human health. Following SARS-CoV-2 infection, immune cell infiltration creates an inflammatory and oxidative microenvironment, which can cause pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, kidney failure, and even death. Clinically, a safe and effective treatment strategy remains to be established. Herein, a nano-bait strategy for inhibition of…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Case Report of COVID-19 Infection After Kidney Transplant Treated With Casirivimab-Imdevimab and Mycophenolate Mofetil Changed to Everolimus</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: We could safely treat a patient with casirivimab-imdevimab after kidney transplant. It is suggested that casirivimab-imdevimab can prevent COVID-19 from becoming severe and can be administered without worsening renal function. In addition, everolimus may have inhibited the spread of the virus and prevented it from replicating.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Favipiravir in Kidney Transplant Recipients With COVID-19: A Romanian Case Series</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: FPV appears well tolerated by KTx with COVID-19, but its clinical benefit remains unclear. Larger analyses are needed.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Postbiotics as Potential Promising Tools for SARS-COV-2 Disease Adjuvant Therapy</strong> - The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic defines the global health tension of our time. There are several continuous efforts to find a definitive cure in this regard. According to some adverse effects and problems of customary SARS-CoV-2 disease therapies, bioactive compounds for example probiotics-derived metabolites (postbiotics) have been accomplishing supreme importance by investigators for adjuvant cures in patients with SARS-CoV-2. Postbiotics inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activity and…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Genetic prediction of ICU hospitalization and mortality in COVID-19 patients using artificial neural networks</strong> - There is an unmet need of models for early prediction of morbidity and mortality of Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). We aimed to a) identify complement-related genetic variants associated with the clinical outcomes of ICU hospitalization and death, b) develop an artificial neural network (ANN) predicting these outcomes and c) validate whether complement- related variants are associated with an impaired complement phenotype. We prospectively recruited consecutive adult patients of Caucasian…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evidence for a semisolid phase state of aerosols and droplets relevant to the airborne and surface survival of pathogens</strong> - The phase state of respiratory aerosols and droplets has been linked to the humidity-dependent survival of pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2. To inform strategies to mitigate the spread of infectious disease, it is thus necessary to understand the humidity-dependent phase changes associated with the particles in which pathogens are suspended. Here, we study phase changes of levitated aerosols and droplets composed of model respiratory compounds (salt and protein) and growth media (organic-inorganic…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Discovery of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Covalent Inhibitors from a DNA-Encoded Library Selection</strong> - Covalent inhibitors targeting the main protease (M^(pro), or 3CLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 have shown promise in preclinical investigations. Herein, we report the discovery of two new series of molecules that irreversibly bind to SARS-CoV-2 M^(pro). These acrylamide containing molecules were discovered using our DNA-encoded library (DEL) screening platform. Following selection against SARS-CoV-2 M^(pro), off-DNA compounds were synthesized and investigated to determine their inhibitory effects, the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The possible role of ursolic acid in Covid-19: A real game changer</strong> - Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic terpenoid is usually found in the fruit peels and stem bark as secondary metabolites. UA has antiviral, antibacterial, and antiparasitic properties. UA has a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities against different infections. Because of the greatest antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties of UA, so it could be a plausible therapeutic herbal medicine in Covid-19 treatment. Covid-19 is a recent worldwide virulent disease pandemic due to severe acute…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Allosteric perspective on the mutability and druggability of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein</strong> - Recent developments in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic point to its inevitable transformation into an endemic disease, urging both refinement of diagnostics for emerging variants of concern (VOCs) and design of variant-specific drugs in addition to vaccine adjustments. Exploring the structure and dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, we argue that the high- mutability characteristic of RNA viruses coupled with the remarkable flexibility and dynamics of viral proteins result in a substantial…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Immunogenicity of the Third Booster Dose with Inactivated, Viral Vector, and mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines in Fully Immunized Healthy Adults with Inactivated Vaccine</strong> - The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a severe healthcare problem worldwide since the first outbreak in late December 2019. Currently, the COVID-19 vaccine has been used in many countries, but it is still unable to control the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, despite patients receiving full vaccination doses. Therefore, we aimed to appraise the booster effect of the different platforms of vaccines, including inactivated…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>GNS561 Exhibits Potent Antiviral Activity against SARS-CoV-2 through Autophagy Inhibition</strong> - Since December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has spread quickly worldwide, leading to more than 280 million confirmed cases, including over 5,000,000 deaths. Interestingly, coronaviruses were found to subvert and hijack autophagic process to allow their viral replication. Autophagy-modulating compounds thus rapidly emerged as an attractive strategy to fight SARS-CoV-2 infection, including the well-known chloroquine (CQ). Here, we investigated the antiviral activity and associated mechanism of…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Photodynamic Inactivation of Human Coronaviruses</strong> - Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) employs a photosensitizer, light, and oxygen to create a local burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can inactivate microorganisms. The botanical extract PhytoQuin^(TM) is a powerful photosensitizer with antimicrobial properties. We previously demonstrated that photoactivated PhytoQuin also has antiviral properties against herpes simplex viruses and adenoviruses in a dose-dependent manner across a broad range of sub-cytotoxic concentrations. Here, we report…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>IDENTIFICATION AND ALARM SYSTEM FOR FACIAL CORONA MASK USING CNN BASED IMAGE PROCESSING</strong> - tThe covid-19 epidemic is the world’s largest wake-up call for people to pay attention to their own and society’s health. One thing to keep in mind is that there is a segment of the population that has been exposed to the covid-19 virus and has generated antibodies without developing any significant illnesses and is continuing to be healthy. This indicates that a significant section of the population, even excluding the elderly, lacks the necessary bodily immunity to combat a Viral infection. As terrible as covid-19 is on a global scale, developing personal health standards and preventative measures for any pathogenic virus as a community would have spared many lives. In’this work, a camera is combined with an image processing system to recognise facial masks, which may be improved in a variety of ways. First and foremost, this method is meant to identify masks on a single person’s face. While this method is efficient in identifying someone has a mask, it does not ensure that they will wear it all of the time. The most effective update for this task is to install a camera with a wide field of view so that many individuals can be seen in the frame, and the faces of those who aren’t wearing markings can be identified, as well as the number of people and the timing. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN346889253">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ANTIMICROBIAL SANITIZING FORMULATION</strong> - An antimicrobial sanitizing formulation, comprising, i) isopropyl alcohol in the range of 0.1%- 80% w/w, ii) an emollient in the range of 0.1%-15% w/w, iii) hydrogen peroxide in the range of 0.1 0.13% w/w, iv) citric acid in the range of 0.1% to 2.0% w/w, v) silver nitrate in the range of 0.1% to 0.5% w/w, and vi) a fragrance imparting agent in the range of 0.1% to 2.0% w/w. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN346888094">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A HEALTH BAND WITH A BIOMETRIC MODULE AND WORKING METHOD THEREOF</strong> - The present invention discloses a health band with a biometric module and method thereof. The assembly includes, but not limited to, a plurality of sensors configured to gather health data associated with a predefined symptom of a medical condition of a user; a memory unit configured to store the data and an interface, which is configured to determine the medical condition using the data;a processing unit configured to execute the application; and a notification facility configured to provide a notification upon receiving from the interface an instruction associated with the notification, wherein the notification is associated with a drug reminder and the like. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN346889061">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>RNA 검출 방법</strong> - 본 발명은 RNA의 분석 및 검출 방법에 관한 것이다. 특히, 본 발명은 특히, 본 발명은 짧은 염기서열의 RNA까지 분석이 가능하면서도 높은 민감도 및 정확도로 정량적 검출까지 가능하여 감염증, 암 등 여러 질환의 진단 용도로도 널리 활용될 수 있다. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=KR346026620">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>REUNION OF PHOTOTHERMAL THERAPY WITH MXENE ADSORBED UREMIC TOXINS AND CYTOKINES: A SHILED FOR COVID-19 PATENTS</strong> - The COVID-19 pandemic has created havoc throughout the world. The disease has proved to be more fatalfor patients having comorbidities like diabetics, lungs and kidney infections, etc. In the case of COVID-19 patientsI having kidney injury, the. removal of uremic toxins from the blood is hindered and there is a rapid surge in the levelj of cytokine hormone resulting in the death of the patient in a short interval of time. To resolve this issue,iI; researchers have examined that the immediate removal of these toxins can improve the condition of the patient to a |greater extent. Studies have also found the presence of SARS CoV-2 viral RNAs in the blood of COVID-19patients, which risks their life as well as impacts the blood transfusion process, especially in the case ofasymptomatic patients. Hence it is required to control the surge of cytokines and uremic toxins as well as disinfectthe blood of the patient from the virus. MXenes, having a foam-like porous structure and hydrophilic negativesurface functionalization have greater adsorption efficiency as well as superior photothermal activity. Utilizingthese properties of MXenes, the MXene membranes can be used in the dialyzer that can help in the efficient andBiuick removal of the uremic toxins, cytokines, and other impurities from the blood. Along with this the greaterTJAdsorption efficiency of MXenes to amino acids result in the trapping of the SARS CoV-2 viruses on the surface J)3&gt;f the MXene. Many researchers as well as the WHO have proved the efficient reduction of the viral copy numbersjjvith the increase of temperature. Hence, followed by the trapping of the viruses, the implementation of"Zphotothermal Therapy can result in the inactivation and denaturation of the viruses and their respective viral RNAsBJlby the produced heat. The same process can be repeated several times to get better results. This whole process canr&gt;oQ-esult in impurity-free and infection-free blood, that can be returned back to the body of the patient or can be!— I Sitilized for the blood transfusion process without any risk of infection.IM - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN346889224">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>REDUCING AND STOPPING OXYGEN WASTAGE IN HOSPITAL</strong> - In an aspect, the present invention discloses a system (200) for prevention and reduction of oxygen wastage from oxygen mask (202). The system (200) includes the oxygen mask (202) having straps; a tension sensor (204), the tension sensor being sensitive towards tension produced in the straps as the oxygen gets leakage through sides of the mask (202); a processor configured in alignment with the tension sensor (204); and a buzzer (206) in alignment with processor. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN346042219">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>编码SARS-COV-2病毒C.37突变株抗原的DNA分子、DNA疫苗及应用</strong> - 本发明涉及生物技术领域，具体而言，提供了一种编码SARS‑COV‑2病毒C.37突变株抗原的DNA分子、DNA疫苗及应用。本发明提供的SEQ ID NO：1核酸序列在真核表达系统中能够高效转录和表达，而且具有免疫原性，表现在体液免疫和细胞免疫应答中，以此作为活性成分的核酸疫苗同样具有良好的免疫原性。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN347705379">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-COV-2病毒B.1.617.2突变株DNA疫苗及应用</strong> - 本发明涉及生物技术领域，具体而言，提供了一种编码SARS‑COV‑2病毒B.1.617.2突变株抗原的DNA分子、DNA疫苗及应用。本发明提供的SEQ ID NO：1核酸序列在真核表达系统中能够高效转录和表达，而且具有免疫原性，表现在体液免疫和细胞免疫应答中，以此作为活性成分的核酸疫苗同样具有良好的免疫原性。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN347705359">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Hung Thanh Phan COVID-19 NEW SOLUTION</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU344983394">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A METHOD TO REVEAL MOTIF PATTERNS OF COVID-19 USING MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT</strong> - This present invention consists of different levels of computation and work in a pipeline manner i.e., input of one will be output of another and it is sequential process. Input data given in form of nucleotide sequence (DNA) of different COVID-19 patients (1). Using these nucleotide sequence perform mutation if possible and arrange them in a sequential order (2). Arrange number of nucleotide sequences of different patients in row wise and also compute number of characters in each row. (3). Compute frequency of occurrence of character in column wise and create a matrix having 4 rows and maximum sequence length will be the column size (4). Find the character like A, T, C, and G which one has maximum score and similarly find for each column to produce a final sequence (5). - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN346039750">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Is Ginni Thomas a Threat to the Supreme Court?</strong> - Behind closed doors, Justice Clarence Thomas’s wife is working with many groups directly involved in controversial cases before the Court. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/01/31/is-ginni-thomas-a-threat-to-the-supreme-court">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Why President Biden Bet on a Senate That No Longer Exists</strong> - On the eve of the President’s first anniversary in office, members of the chamber he served for so long voted for paralysis over action. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/why-president-biden-bet-on-a-senate-that-no-longer-exists">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Welcome Unfreedom</strong> - Quarantining with my mother in her homeland, I questioned the U.S. approach to the pandemic and public health. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/personal-history/a-welcome-unfreedom-in-south-korea">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ayşegül Savaş Reads “Long Distance”</strong> - The author reads her story from the January 31, 2022, issue of the magazine. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/podcast/the-writers-voice/aysegul-savas-reads-long-distance">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sergio García Sánchez’s “Modern Life”</strong> - The artist talks about how his visits to museums inspire him to create. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cover-story/cover-story-2022-01-31">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>The never-ending suffering of the legacyquel</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Neve Campbell in Scream 5 and Keanu Reeves in Matrix 4." src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/H8pE83leslP-wQFlYp6IrHL7Wp4=/108x0:1708x1200/1310x983/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/70424925/headshots_1642717240587.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Sidney from <em>Scream</em> and Neo from <em>The Matrix</em> don’t have a ton in common. But they are both trapped in never-ending franchises that keep forcing them to endure endless amounts of suffering. So there’s that! | Paramount Pictures/Warner Bros.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The new Scream movie and The Matrix Resurrections explore what happens when stories never end.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7sfNhL">
<strong>Spoilers for the </strong><em><strong>Scream</strong></em><strong> and </strong><em><strong>Matrix</strong></em><strong> franchises follow.</strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AMdOo8">
Midway through <em>Scream</em>, the fifth feature film entry in the <em>Scream</em> slasher movie franchise, a roomful of nervous youths have a discussion of terminology with Dewey Riley (David Arquette), one of the series’ core trio of characters.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="V7VXiS">
The fact that these new characters, who are mostly a bunch of teenagers with connections to the kids from the original film (no matter how tenuous), are being stalked by a killer in the famous Ghostface mask is one thing. But they’ve also been joined by Dewey and eventually the series’ other two main characters, Gale Weathers (Courtney Cox) and Sidney Prescott (Neve Campbell). Is this a sequel? Is this a reboot? No. As one of the kids explains, it’s the purgatory between both — alternately known as the requel or the legacyquel. (I’m going to use legacyquel because it’s a great play on words.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1yzvHk">
Dewey, who has to this point survived four slasher movies and is literally getting too old for this shit, doesn’t much care about which term the kids use. But he’s also aware he’s trapped in an unending Sisyphean ordeal, doomed, forever, to not quite escape the bloody tendrils of the past. The kids might be excited at the thought that they are part of a major film franchise (the <em>Scream</em> movies have always been winking and meta-textual), but Dewey has had enough of this. He would rather live his life in peace and watch his ex host a morning show.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hIL4oJ">
Of course he gets dragged back in to the slasher nonsense. Of course he’s living in a legacyquel. And of course he’s unable to make it out of this story alive. Dewey, who has been near death in seemingly every <em>Scream </em>movie finally dies at the hands of Ghostface, because the film needs to establish that the stakes are different this time. Higher.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qrJomC">
Similarly, the first act of <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/22847558/the-matrix-resurrections-4-spoilers-review-neo-therapy-mental-health-
trauma"><em>The Matrix Resurrections</em></a>, the recently released legacyquel to the original <em>Matrix</em> trilogy, involves Neo (Keanu Reeves) drudging through a work-a-day life as a world-famous video game designer. He’s most famous for a trilogy of games called The Matrix, and now his video game company has been asked by its parent company Warner Bros. to make a fourth Matrix game. It’s goofy meta trickery that sets the stage for one of the film’s big questions: Why does this movie even exist?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8MMDg3">
The film offers an initial answer to that question in the very same scene as the order to make a new Matrix game. His old nemesis Smith (played here by Jonathan Groff), now reborn as his business partner, offers the following bit of wisdom: “I know you said the story was over for you, but that’s the thing about stories. They never really end, do they? We’re still telling the same stories we’ve always told, just with different names, different faces.” Stories are eternal; certain characters just end up being conduits for them. Enjoy the show.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OTiyY7">
I really liked <em>Scream</em> and loved <em>The Matrix Resurrections</em>. But they also left me wondering if they were ultimately about the same basic idea: If storytelling is, on some level, about either catharsis or the subversion of same, then what happens when you have to tell stories that keep jerking catharsis away from their characters, like Lucy with a trauma-filled football?
</p>
<h3 id="6bPF7p">
What if you were trapped in a story that never ended?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xQ4Sxy">
I have a habit of thinking about movies and TV shows through the lens of what the emotional experiences of living through those stories would be like for the characters if they were real people. One example, Meredith Grey, the hero of <em>Grey’s Anatomy</em>, has endured so many disasters both natural and manmade, in addition to <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/22465064/greys-anatomy-finale-season-17-recap-review-
covid-19-beach">nearly dying from Covid-19</a>, that it’s a wonder she’s not borderline catatonic and can keep going to work.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GxiKNF">
To some degree, that’s the buy-in of serialized storytelling: These characters are going to go through a lot, and you’re going to buy that they’re not completely leveled by it emotionally. In the best serialized stories, the writers, directors, and actors combine to convince you that, say, Meredith really is that stalwart and steadfast because she is a doctor, and doctors are stalwart and steadfast. It’s taking an idea inherent in our culture and pushing it to its absolute extreme.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZEikt5">
But in serialized TV shows, we expect things to keep rolling along to some degree. Film sequels are a different beast, and legacyquels are <em>really</em> different. Both <em>Matrix Resurrections</em> and the new <em>Scream</em> need to convincingly tie off stories for characters old and new in a way that will stand as a successful wrap-up for the entire story, but they also need to leave just enough room for the story to continue if need be.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="D5VyGV">
What sets apart the legacyquel is an attempt to build satisfying stories for characters we know from older entries in the franchise <em>and</em> for characters brand new to this particular story. Yes, Sidney and Gale face off with Ghostface again, but so do sisters Sam (Melissa Barrera) and Tara (Jenna Ortega). If there are more <em>Scream</em> movies, the franchise’s many keepers surely hope you’ll be just as excited to find out what Sam and Tara are up to as you were Sidney and Gale. That way, the franchise’s future is not tied to actors who might not want to keep coming back for more movies every few years.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<pre><code> &lt;img alt="Sam brandishes a knife while she looks for Ghostface." src="https://cdn.vox-</code></pre>
cdn.com/thumbor/ZIh8cTUTIGUeWwSkIX0R7pXZHoA=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox- cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23183070/barrera.jpg" /&gt; <cite>Paramount Pictures</cite></figure></li>
</ul>
<figcaption>
Melissa Barrera plays the new character Sam in the new Scream. Despite being new to the franchise, Sam has a surprising connection to its past.
</figcaption>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7EwHZj">
The irony here is that the addition of new “generations” of characters means the stories of these franchises can’t end. They’re doomed to cycle endlessly, grinding up more and more people. The recent <em>Star Wars</em> trilogy that began with <em>The Force Awakens</em> in 2015 literally served as <a href="https://www.vox.com/2015/12/21/10632690/star-wars-the-force-awakens-spoilers-han-solo-new-
hope">a revisiting</a> of most of the initial trilogy’s ideas, themes, and memorable moments, now with a set of new, younger characters to carry us through. (Luke, Leia, Han, and Chewy were all still there, of course.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3IT7Tz">
Because these sorts of franchise films are often the main game in town when it comes to getting anything made within the studio system, all kinds of narrative baggage gets piled on top of them, in a way that becomes much more untenable within the world of feature filmmaking. If Sidney Prescott has survived five separate slasher movies and if Neo has died and been resurrected in his pursuit of ending the Matrix’s hold over those who would rather be free, their emotions start to feel alien and unrecognizable.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QiZBMk">
That potential distance has led to one of the more fashionable ways to describe big-budget storytelling right now: These stories are really about trauma. And, yes, if I had survived five separate slasher movies, I would be really, really traumatized. Part of the appeal of Sidney, then, is that we know she won’t let these events get her down. By the fifth movie, she’s treating hunting down a psycho killer as basically just a thing she’s gotta keep doing, like Meredith Grey at her hospital. Characters like Sidney and Neo are inspiring because of how they keep rising above what would crush most of us. (Also, Sidney can survive seemingly any knife wound, and Neo can stop bullets with his hands, both of which are also admirable qualities.)
</p>
<aside id="5Gmnsj">
<div>
</div>
</aside>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="G88IYH">
But the legacyquel drags entirely new batches of characters into the central stories of the franchise, which ends up feeling slightly like a cycle of trauma perpetuating itself. If we accept that these stories are “about trauma” on some level (and I have doubts, but I’m going with it for purposes of this argument), then the continuation of the story is a continuation of the trauma. And if new people are getting dragged into the story, then the trauma becomes cyclical. Sidney and Neo aren’t spreading damage themselves, but by being in mere proximity to them, you’ll probably end up dead or horribly injured anyway.
</p>
<h3 id="RPRN5h">
The perversity of blockbuster suffering
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iRsLRP">
There’s an occasionally overt religiosity to the ordeals these characters must endure the longer their franchises go. Neo and his love Trinity (Carrie-Anne Moss) are literally resurrected, after all.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Tg0SrA">
But that religiosity extends beyond what the characters go through to the experiences of the audience itself. When the characters in a <em>Scream</em> movie argue about the rules of the genre and/or franchise they exist within, they present their arguments almost as ones over doctrinal differences. Being in a slasher movie is different from being in a slasher sequel is different from being in a slasher legacyquel, but we in the audience want to see the familiar beats of the story hit, like stations of the cross.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="81WbKn">
If it’s a <em>Scream</em> movie, we want some poor girl to die before the opening title, we want a collection of characters who get whittled down to a core handful, and we want there to be two killers working in tandem. You can subvert one or two of those things — the girl in the pre-titles sequence in the new <em>Scream</em> survives, for instance — but you can’t subvert all of them.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8y1A2R">
This endless procession through pain and catharsis, over and over, starts to take on the feeling of ritual. We sit down in our theater seats, we pull out our popcorn, and we wait for Sidney and Neo to do the things they do. If they don’t do them in exactly the way we expect them to, there will be angry outcry online, as <em>The Matrix Resurrections</em> (which inspired a lot of fan complaints) and <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/12/18/16791844/star-wars-last-jedi-backlash-controversy">the <em>Star Wars</em> film <em>The Last Jedi</em></a> showed. We want to know our faith has not been misplaced.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XPJ5xV">
Amusingly, <em>Resurrections</em> and especially <em>Scream</em> write these ideas into their very text. <em>Resurrections</em> features a number of <em>Matrix </em>fan characters, one of whom turns out to be a most likely unwitting dupe of the movie’s main villain. And the big bad in <em>Scream</em> is literally a toxic fan, who yells at a handful of terrified survivors about how there are certain things that must be done to make a good slasher movie.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="Neo visits a body shop. Sparks fly in the background." src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/zV3YxZj6qo4vYdver9-TRHvKLsI=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23120590/matrix4sparks.jpeg"/> <cite>Warner Bros.</cite>
<figcaption>
Neo finds himself resurrected in <em>The Matrix Resurrections</em>.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NaetQD">
But that’s just it: If you’re a character in one of these movies and you only continue to exist because there’s an appetite for more of your adventures, then literally any fandom of the property is toxic. I’m not trying to suggest here that you and I are literally responsible for the endless suffering of Sidney Prescott.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kGXacR">
We’re not the ones stabbing Sidney, nor do we have the power to greenlight more <em>Scream</em> movies. But so long as we keep going to those movies, they’re going to keep getting made, and Sidney will forever be trapped in a maze of knives because we don’t want to see the <em>Scream</em> formula shaken up all that much. Sidney’s a great movie character, one of the best in the slasher genre, played brilliantly by Campbell, so it makes sense we’d want to spend time with her. But the price of getting to hang out with her is also having to watch her nearly die, over and over again.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HBRJmv">
The sense of an unwelcome cycle repeating itself extends behind the scenes too. The filmmakers of <em>Resurrections</em> and <em>Scream</em> are incredibly inventive. The <em>Matrix</em> sequel was spearheaded by Lana Wachowski, one of the most innovative directors currently working, and <em>Scream</em> hails from Matt Bettinelli-Olpin and Tyler Gillett, whose 2019 horror movie <em>Ready or Not</em> was a blood-drenched bit of darkly comedic class commentary. And yet how can these filmmakers continue to make movies in this environment? They can continue pumping out new installments in established franchises, that’s how!
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WFI7ZA">
There used to be room for many stories within the American film industry, but now, unless you’re willing to make movies for very small budgets that often limit the scope of what you can do, you’re only telling a handful of stories we already know. We’re still telling the same stories we’ve always told. The difference is that we won’t let the characters we love escape them to do something else. They’re stuck in the spiral, and they’re dragging all of us down with them.
</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Welcome to the Memory Issue of the Highlight</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/NTSAOLnh-
augjaVdHYMATf-07Sg=/392x0:2733x1756/1310x983/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/70424891/Vox_Survivor_extra_graphics.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Will Staehle for Vox
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Survivors of early school shootings reflect, the growing popularity of the word “trauma,” scientists’ efforts to understand memory, and more.
</p>
<div class="c-float-left">
<figure class="e-image">
<pre><code> &lt;img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-</code></pre>
cdn.com/thumbor/YYgW4HsU995yniG4Y5QuEoQvF0Y=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox- cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/21899595/VOX_The_Highlight_Box_Logo_Horizontal.png" /&gt;
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PGWDMT">
Years from now, when, presumably, <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/22849891/omicron-pandemic-
endemic">Covid-19 becomes endemic</a>, how will we remember this moment? As an odd blip in our long and eventful lives, or as a transformative period whose realities we won’t soon forget?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4UsgVS">
It feels impossible to know. Memory is slippery, a mystery even to those who’ve devoted themselves to studying it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7i7UIM">
For this month’s issue of the Highlight, we were inspired by memory — its effect on our culture and our health, as well as the attempts to understand and harness it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iQ9KWC">
In our cover story, it haunts the survivors of a particularly tragic period of school shootings in the 1990s and 2000s. Marin Cogan spoke with several survivors who came of age in an era when schools, parents, and others were wholly unprepared to help them deal with the aftermath of mass shootings. The memories live with them today, even as some reach their 30s and 40s, triggering feelings with each new bout of school violence. Yet each has arrived at a complex understanding about what it means to survive.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9TnH7q">
Interrogations of our personal histories in the hopes of understanding our traumas have become commonplace in recent decades — so much so that Google searches for the term “trauma” have risen steadily over much of the past two decades, peaking in 2021. But the term now is everywhere, fodder for TV shows, TikToks, and memes. Now, writes Lexi Pandell, experts are concerned that the word is being overused and its meaning is rapidly being diluted.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Ht6JjF">
Also in this issue, Vox’s Brian Resnick looked at scientists’ efforts to understand why we remember what we remember — an undertaking that’s not as straightforward as it may sound. “No experiment can capture the whole of our human experience with memory and explain every instance of it,” writes Resnick. If scientists could harness “memorability,” could they help design a more memorable world for students, for the memory-impaired, and for others?
</p></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FiiX34">
Our bodies have their own way of remembering. Our brains, for example, forge connections between neurons early in our development, a process that can be visibly disrupted by illness or trauma. Similarly, our primary or baby teeth, as they grow, capture the conditions of their surroundings, like growth rings in a tree. Reporter Jackie Rocheleau explores an effort among a small group of scientists to discover what stories may lie in our teeth, and how they might help doctors better understand children’s health.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AjkbCP">
And finally, our issue concludes with a look at the way New Orleans remembers and celebrates those who’ve died. “Covid-19 has exacerbated our country’s <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/22262549/grief-anxiety-coronavirus-covid-19-resilience-stress">inarticulateness around grief</a>,” writes Nicole Young. “So many Americans have had to bear <a href="https://www.npr.org/2021/05/06/993982943/some-question-whether-hospital-visitation-bans-during-pandemic-were-too-
strict">theirs alone</a>.” What can our nation learn from the communal mourning of a New Orleans funeral second line?
</p>
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="tEJwR2"/>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="Photo illustration of a stack of
books with the words “the survivors” and the silhouettes of two people on the cut sides of the pages." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/4_EMo0qoUyKhCBM4NwgZJNrOi28=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23170004/00_Survivors___HEADER_1600x900.png"/> <cite>Will Staehle for Vox</cite>
</figure>
<h3 id="UHKfkp">
<a href="https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/22878920/school-shootings-survivors-
columbine-mental-health"><strong>The school shooting generation grows up</strong></a>
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YmuOnm">
After coming of age in a world wholly unprepared to deal with the aftermath of mass school shootings, an early wave of survivors is now in their 30s and 40s, grappling with the present.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LouR1T">
By Marin Cogan
</p>
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="4fHTZq"/>
<figure class="e-image">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><img alt="The word trauma appears in numerous cartoon fonts and is
repeated over and over on a yellow background." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Z52-2uNwXnh-
Xf2-WyneHx-9T9U=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23166917/trauma2.jpg"/></p>
<cite>Bráulio Amado for Vox</cite>
</figure>
<h3 id="kI93My">
<a href="https://www.vox.com/the-
highlight/22876522/trauma-covid-word-origin-mental-health"><strong>How trauma became the word of the decade</strong></a><strong> </strong><em>- Coming Tuesday</em>
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Da2HNv">
The very real psychiatric term has become so omnipresent in pop culture that some experts worry<strong> </strong>it’s losing its meaning.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JlCmbx">
By Lexi Pandell
</p>
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="Ei3V5M"/>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="A
person is shown with photographs, sticky notes, calendars, an image of a birthday cake and musical notes coming from
their head. They hold a finger up with a red ribbon tied around it. The background is a teal blue sky with clouds and
birds." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/HfYQ7k4yMhkIHM04ieao1Vi5fWg=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23165626/memory2final.jpg"/> <cite>Michael Waraksa for Vox</cite>
</figure>
<h3 id="nOEN1P">
<a href="https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/22716264/memory-science-memorability"><strong>Why do we remember what we remember?</strong></a><strong> </strong><em>- Coming Wednesday</em>
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RCqVS0">
The mundane photographs that are helping scientists probe the mysteries of memory.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0GCHgq">
By Brian Resnick
</p>
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="tl00Pv"/>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/hXt9C-kTkbf-pce2G9S4b7S9HRg=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23158528/teeth_edit02.jpg"/> <cite>Getty Images; illustration by Amanda Northrop/Vox</cite>
</figure>
<h3 id="bzX4bG">
<a href="https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/22876530/baby-teeth-science-
anthropology"><strong>The secret lives of baby teeth</strong></a><strong> </strong><em>- Coming Thursday</em>
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KsxOpz">
Why some scientists are trying to discover more about our bodies’ “little living archives.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vJZ0KQ">
By Jackie Rocheleau
</p>
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="b7bxka"/>
<figure class="e-image">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><img alt="
" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/9chh6XIszsaw0UHRaYAuKaTUyv4=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23182756/Second_line_011.JPG"/> <cite>Photos by Kathleen Flynn for Vox</cite></p>
</figure>
<h3 id="C6AALA">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What New Orleans can teach us about mourning </strong><em>- Coming Friday</em></p>
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uqLHbj">
As we reckon with the mass deaths from Covid-19, the collective power — and joy — of the funeral second line reminds us that grief is a burden that can be shared.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mnw3Vy">
By Nicole Young
</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>The school shooting generation grows up</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Photo illustration of a stack of books with the words “the survivors” and the silhouettes of
two people on the cut sides of the pages." src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/ZVqkqXy54DVeZyEoYu78cNDW2Ss=/200x0:1400x900/1310x983/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/70400057/00_Survivors___HEADER_1600x900.0.png"/>
<figcaption>
Will Staehle for Vox
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
After coming of age in a world wholly unprepared to deal with the aftermath of mass school shootings, an early wave of survivors is now in their 30s and 40s, grappling with the present.
</p>
<div class="c-float-left">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/YYgW4HsU995yniG4Y5QuEoQvF0Y=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/21899595/VOX_The_Highlight_Box_Logo_Horizontal.png"/>
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0nNXTg">
Part of the <a href="https://www.vox.com/features/22893528/welcome-to-the-memory-issue-of-the-
highlight"><strong>Memory Issue</strong></a><strong> </strong>of <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-highlight"><strong>The Highlight</strong></a>, our home for ambitious stories that explain our world.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uxA6Xv">
The details are embedded in Sam Leam’s memory, even though it happened more than 30 years ago, when he was just a kid. Recess on a chilly January day. Waiting with friends by the tetherball courts for a chance to play. A sound like the crack of fireworks, and a simple thought running through his head: <em>It’s too early for Chinese New Year</em>. Plugging his fingers in his ears. His classmates running and screaming. Following them into the school, and watching a panicked teacher drag students into his room. The teacher shutting the door on him. Continuing down the hallway. Falling, and being unable to get up. Crawling down the hall. Another teacher closing her door. Reaching his classroom, where his teacher pulled him in. Another kid, telling Sam that he’d been shot.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right c-float-hang">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="A young Asian American boy in a 1980s-vintage school photo, wearing a
collared shirt and patterned sweater." src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/OmeEuTmB4xi8e9ZCu3vlLXWW2G8=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23170014/01_Survivors_small_inset_image_1.png"/> <cite>Courtesy of Sam Leam</cite>
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ObacTF">
Leam was 7 when a man brought a semi-automatic weapon to Cleveland Elementary School in Stockton, California, killing five children who were immigrants from Cambodia and Vietnam, and injuring about 30 others. Leam was one of them, shot three times, twice in the buttocks and once in his arm. The shooting took place in 1989. At the time, mass shootings at schools were incredibly rare. Leam couldn’t have known that tragedies like the one he experienced would, a decade later, be a horrible national trend, and that while <a href="https://news.northeastern.edu/2018/02/26/schools-are-still-one-of-the-safest-places-for-children-researcher-
says/">uncommon</a>, they would only continue, becoming <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-
va/2021/12/31/2021-school-shootings-record/">more frequent</a> in the decades after. At the time, he was just a kid, struggling to make sense of what happened.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8TNZ65">
It wasn’t easy. “My mom, coming from the killing fields of Cambodia and surviving her own trauma, didn’t want to talk about it. I remember asking her certain things about the school shooting,” he said, but “it was traumatizing for her, too.”
</p>
<div class="p-fullbleed-block">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/1RipgDwdBKtQR0uAk2agpZTsm9A=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23170033/02_Survivors___large_images___Sam.jpg"/> <cite>Kristan Lieb for Vox</cite>
<figcaption>
Sam Leam was 7 when he was injured in a 1989 school shooting in Stockton, California. Five children died.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="c-float-right c-float-hang">
<figure class="e-image">
<pre><code> &lt;img alt="An image of text reading: “As children, they practiced tornado and fire drills at their schools. </code></pre>
Because of what happened to them, their kids have active shooter drills, too.”" src=“https://cdn.vox- cdn.com/thumbor/CEngTKKeCzCLUnm-xB749dNeZGE=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox- cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23170042/03_Survivors_small_inset_image_quote1.png” /&gt;
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="B2Qv61">
The kids who lived through the start of the school shooting era have grown up. Most of them came of age in the late ’90s and the 2000s, when mass shooters started showing up in schools in Pearl, Mississippi; West Paducah, Kentucky; and Springfield, Oregon (though some, like Leam, survived them even earlier). Now adults in their 30s and 40s, many with children of their own, they are navigating a world in which what happened to them was not an anomaly but the beginning of a recurrent feature of American life. As children, they practiced tornado and fire drills at their schools. Because of what happened to them, their kids have active shooter drills, too.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tqhg5y">
There’s no real guidebook for recovering from what they experienced. What distinguishes the thousands of survivors of the early wave of school <a href="https://www.theviolenceproject.org/methodology/">mass shootings</a> from those who came after is that they experienced those shootings in a world wholly unprepared to deal with the aftermath. Few got the mental health treatment now considered necessary for survivors of mass violence. As a result, many were left on their own, to process their trauma in the countless years — and school shootings — since.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/1OGpLJBIjGNYw6jU7rnZvz9umIE=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23170045/04_Survivors___inline_medium_images_columbine.png"/> <cite>Steve Kagan/Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Students embrace outside Heath High School in West Paducah, Kentucky, after a classmate opened fire in 1997, killing three.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="acjq2f"/>
<div class="c-wide-block">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="The cut pages of two books bound in red and green are
shown, home to a drawing of a person pushing another person in a wheelchair toward seated people surrounded by trees." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/BWGSWqgBa6QAw5Myb0QhgmsJHXw=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23170056/05_Survivors___large_images___book1.png"/>
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0qI8RP">
When Leam came back to school after the shooting, he remembers, a group of Buddhist monks were there to lead a cleansing ceremony in the cafeteria. A therapist used a large teddy bear with a moving mouthpiece to speak to him. He was comforted by it, and by the chance to say that he was afraid of the spirits that he worried might now be haunting the school. Beyond that, he didn’t receive any formal counseling for years.
</p>
<div class="c-float-left c-float-hang">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/CLIxF7xjPJkOAkvAyzMioi_5SHE=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23170062/06_Survivors_small_inset_image_2.png"/> <cite>Courtesy of Missy Jenkins Smith</cite>
<figcaption>
Missy Jenkins Smith, center, was paralyzed in the 1997 shooting at Heath High School.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9x6qct">
His experience was not unusual. Missy Jenkins Smith was 15 years old when a classmate opened fire at her high school, in West Paducah, Kentucky, in 1997. Jenkins Smith, who had just left her morning prayer circle, was shot and paralyzed. The shooting at Heath High School was among the first to receive <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/03/us/forgiveness-after-3-die-in-shootings-in-kentucky.html">widespread</a> <a href="http://www.cnn.com/US/9712/05/school.shooting.funeral/index.html">media </a><a href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-02-mn-59759-story.html">coverage</a> in the cable news era; three people were killed, and five were injured.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6p3WvG">
Jenkins Smith received thousands of letters and gifts from well-wishers around the world, which helped her feel supported in her recovery. There were specialists at the hospital who worked with her to adapt to using a wheelchair. But, she said, “I didn’t have anyone who focused on the fact that I saw someone get shot in the head.” Her twin sister, who also survived the shooting, tried group counseling, but the other children in the group were dealing with different problems (a parent making them practice piano when they didn’t want to, for example), which made sharing her own experiences feel absurd.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="z5vRgW">
Instead of seeing a professional, Jenkins Smith and a few of her friends started an informal therapy group, supervised by their guidance counselor. They held sleepovers and created a safe space to talk about their memories. They stopped, 10 months after the incident, when the shooter pleaded guilty but mentally ill and was sentenced. His plea, they felt, seemed like a logical end point.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hZGy4T">
Even when schools had counselors on hand after a shooting, the survivors often didn’t feel comfortable using them. “I refused to see a counselor,” said Kristen Dare, who was 16 in 2001 when a classmate opened fire at her school in Santee, California. “I refused to talk about it. I didn’t want to open up.” Her peers, she realizes now, were struggling, too. The cultural understanding of mental health was totally different 20 years ago; the importance of seeking professional help wasn’t as widely acknowledged as it is now.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UVYx1r">
There was also a profound sense of alienation that teenagers felt then, trying to speak with therapists about an experience that was most likely new to them, too: <em>How can I explain this to an adult who has no idea what I’ve been through?</em><strong> </strong>
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<div id="nrWvmN">
<div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fimAgp">
“I only wanted to talk to people who understood. I didn’t want to talk to people who didn’t see what I saw or understand how I felt,” Dare said. “I found it more therapeutic to be among my peers who had the same understanding as me.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="R49F2I">
Heather Martin, who survived the Columbine High School shooting in 1999 by hiding in a teacher’s office with her classmates, felt the same way. “I didn’t want to be around people who hadn’t gone through it,” she said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZJPC4e">
I wanted to reach out to the adult survivors of school shootings because I have something in common with them. When I was in sixth grade, a student from my school brought a gun to a dance. He killed one of our teachers and wounded three other people. It happened in 1998 — a few months after the shooting in West Paducah, and almost exactly a year before Columbine — at which point our town’s tragedy was swept away in the public consciousness by other, even deadlier acts of violence.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="N02oiV">
I did not witness the shooting firsthand, but I was standing right next to the dance hall where the shooter was, and had to run and take cover in a concession stand when the shooter came outside with the gun. I crammed in with other students, crouched down on the ground, until an adult came and told us we were safe. Over the years, I’ve thought a lot about what happened, and about other kids who had these experiences. Back then, the phenomenon seemed so new that we didn’t have the language to discuss it. Talking to adult survivors was a chance to learn about their experiences. It was also an opportunity to better understand my own.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5WrA0w">
Because of my distance from what happened, I’ve never thought of myself as a survivor; to me, it would feel insulting to the students more directly affected. Some of those I spoke with also didn’t recognize themselves as victims who might be in need of help. Each shooting created concentric circles of trauma. Often, the further out someone was, the less justified they felt seeking treatment.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="An image containing
text which reads: “each shooting created concentric circles of trauma.”" src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/y8KzGs0O7jTZ7dNvA8UuEBiRGu4=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23170080/07_1_Survivors___inline_medium_images_quote2.png"/>
</figure>
<div class="c-float-right c-float-hang">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/k3t4q5I70azD3-FHz1maR8lksGM=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23170067/08_Survivors_small_inset_image_3.png"/> <cite>Courtesy of Hollan Holm</cite>
<figcaption>
Hollan Holm, shot in the Heath High School mass shooting, took decades to seek treatment.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8TZ9Dg">
Hollan Holm was in the same prayer circle as Jenkins Smith in West Paducah, and he was shot in the head, though his injuries weren’t life-threatening. In the days following the incident, he remembers thinking that he needed to get back to class sooner than the other students who were more seriously hurt. He was in school again just a few days after the shooting.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Lvsmo8">
Holm and his friend Craig Keene dealt with their injuries in a typical teenage fashion: They made jokes. Of the five students injured who survived the shooting, they were among the least seriously hurt, and dark humor is how they processed it with each other, ranking themselves by the severity of their injuries and teasing each other about it. I spoke to Holm and Keene on the same afternoon in September, and Holm pulled out his 1998 yearbook to read what Keene wrote: “sup number #5 I got an exit [wound]. #4 (craig)”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uRZmyq">
Keene, though, was unusual among school shooting survivors of the era: He recognized that he was struggling, and sought help. “I had this huge bandage that covered half my neck; it was like a highlighter for ‘the kid who was shot.’ While I had that bandage on, things went really well,” Keene said. “After that came off, people kind of stopped asking and caring, and that’s when things got pretty rough for me mentally. I felt invisible.” He lost interest in sports and had difficulty sleeping — he couldn’t shake the sense that he was still in danger. He doesn’t remember much of the details about those early therapy sessions, but he is certain that they helped.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5WWA53">
For Holm, it would be decades before he sought treatment. “I guess I wasn’t injured enough to justify going to a trauma counselor, which is just kind of insane and sad,” Holm said, reflecting on his attitude at the time. He remembers going to see his pastor once to discuss it. “It was really grossly inadequate. That’s what you get when you let a 14-year-old boy lead his own mental health response to a crisis.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XNaFFb">
Jenkins Smith doesn’t remember there being much conversation about what happened outside of her group. She got a sense of why when she connected with classmates at her 20-year high school reunion. “They felt like for them to have a problem was ridiculous because there were people that were worse than them.” Jenkins Smith felt tremendous sympathy for them, and then she felt something unexpected. “I felt kind of lucky,” she said. “Because I was a victim, because I was injured, it did give me that ticket to heal.”
</p>
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="Djzo42"/>
<div class="c-wide-block">
<figure class="e-image">
<pre><code> &lt;img alt="A side view of two bound books shows a drawing made across the ends of their pages, of a portrait </code></pre>
frame amid vines and flowers." src=“https://cdn.vox- cdn.com/thumbor/qEgIfhAnu5aEu6G_jVK80mBkWwk=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox- cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23170094/09_Survivors_<strong>large_images</strong>_books2.png” /&gt;
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uqfRH7">
Each survivor was trying to make sense of an experience with mass tragedy with a brain that was still developing. They’d spend years processing and reprocessing the trauma as they got older. Experts still don’t have a complete picture of the different ways that brain development can affect the processing of trauma. “As a field, we’re still figuring it out,” said Laura Wilson, an associate professor of psychology at the University of Mary Washington and editor of <a href="https://www.wiley.com/en-
us/The+Wiley+Handbook+of+the+Psychology+of+Mass+Shootings-p-9781119047933"><em>The Wiley Handbook of the Psychology of Mass Shootings</em></a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XUr3IQ">
Still, the field of psychology has come a long way in understanding how children and teenagers might experience post-traumatic stress. “Young people are in a lot of ways more resilient,” Wilson said, but they also have less life experience to help them make sense of violence, making them more susceptible to destabilizing shifts in their worldview. It might be harder for young people to feel safe again after experiencing a mass shooting.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AZVYtv">
Mass shooting trauma can be different from the kind of trauma experienced after natural disasters, because the traumatic event was caused by another person. “You have more individuals that may develop something like PTSD, depression, or anxiety following a man-made disaster,” said Robin Gurwitch, a psychologist and professor at Duke University Medical Center and a member of the <a href="https://www.nctsn.org/">National Child Traumatic Stress Network</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mIh3XN">
Age also affects how the symptoms of post-traumatic stress might manifest. Younger children might experience sleep disturbances, difficulty focusing, and other troubles at school, while adolescent and young adults may also withdraw from their regular activities and relationships, and engage in more risk- seeking behaviors. Untreated symptoms, Gurwitch said, can lead to a greater risk of addiction and the development of other mental and physical health issues later in life.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/c2PLT19eMf0mvZU_mwpJaE9rV18=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23170096/10_Survivors___inline_medium___columbine.png"/> <cite>Mark Leffingwell/Boulder Daily Camera/AFP via Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Students from Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, watch as the last of their fellow students are evacuated from the school building in April 1999.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RnvwNh">
Martin was a senior at the time of the Columbine shooting; she and her classmates finished their last few weeks at a nearby school. She eventually went off to college, and didn’t tell people there that she was a survivor of what was then the deadliest school shooting in American history. Still, she couldn’t escape it. Once, during class, a fire alarm went off, and she started crying. Another time, a teacher asked her to write a persuasive essay on gun violence, and when she tried to explain why that might be difficult, the teacher told her she needed to write it or fail the class. She failed, and later dropped out.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right c-float-hang">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="An image of text which reads: “I was so desperate for people to know my story
and know I wasn’t shot, but I’m struggling.”" src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/Rs_xpEs5mTFpAH7_DGQdfPXAs3I=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23170103/11_Survivors_small_inset_image_quote_3.png"/>
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UO3foD">
“I stopped going to classes, and I started using recreational drugs,” Martin said. “I knew I wasn’t okay on a surface level, but I refused to believe it was because of Columbine.” She went to a few sessions of therapy, and tried to move on with her life. Yet the trauma kept resurfacing. She was triggered by the 9/11 terror attacks and, years later, by the mass shooting at Virginia Tech that killed 32 people. “I was horrified, I cried, I freaked out,” she said. “I felt jealous that nobody would remember Columbine.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eiLstC">
Later, Martin went back to college, graduated, and became a teacher. As an adult, she co-founded a group to help support other survivors of mass shootings. Looking back at it now, she thinks, “I was so desperate for people to know my story and know I wasn’t shot, but I’m struggling. It’s a horrible thing to admit and even recognize in yourself.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rNPIc4">
Zach Cartaya, a classmate of Martin’s who hid with her that day, experienced a similar trajectory. “I suppressed it through my college years with drugs and alcohol,” he said. After graduating from college, he started a career in financial services, and he, too, found the aftershocks of the shooting creeping up in unexpected ways. His job required regular meetings in conference rooms. At first, they were fine. Yet over time, he said, “those meetings got harder and harder for me. I hated being in them. My skin started to crawl.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eqChgh">
One day, during a meeting, Cartaya realized he couldn’t breathe. “I got up, jumped the table, ran out the door, got in my bed, and didn’t talk to anyone for three days,” he said. He met with his doctor, who ran a battery of tests to make sure there wasn’t some underlying medical cause. When there wasn’t, the doctor sent him to therapy. Cartaya tried different treatments, including <a href="https://www.emdr.com/what-is-
emdr/">eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy (EMDR)</a>, a form of therapy that has been proven effective for patients with post-traumatic stress disorder. “I’ve come a long way, and managed to keep a lid on it,” he said, but not until after “things got pretty dark and scary.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8dz7ZT">
The discovery that everything was not okay, that they were still struggling with what happened, came from events large and small. The survivors of the West Paducah shooting felt it when a school 30 miles away in Marshall County, Kentucky, had a shooting in 2018. Those moments of revelation could be more subtle, too. Leam didn’t receive a PTSD diagnosis until four years ago, when a doctor he was seeing for severe back pain suggested he try seeing a therapist.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right c-float-hang">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/m286dqjESJ8xwzlzKIXXj3xGn4Q=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23170109/12_Survivors_small_inset_image_4.png"/> <cite>Courtesy of William Tipper Thomas</cite>
<figcaption>
William Tipper Thomas was weeks away from graduating when he was injured in a school shooting just outside Baltimore, Maryland, in 2004.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qCiDXk">
Another survivor, William Tipper Thomas, who was paralyzed in a school shooting just outside Baltimore, Maryland, in 2004, said a recent small moment — snapping at his sister during a FaceTime call — helped him realize he was still dealing with trauma-related stress. His sister found it so unusual that she drove from her home in Virginia to his place in Baltimore to confront him about it, leading to him seeking treatment. Thomas had never seen a therapist. When the shooting happened, he was an honors student weeks away from graduating and fulfilling his dream of playing college football. Suddenly, he had to orient himself to using a wheelchair. The argument with his sister, he realized, came just after doing a photo shoot on the field of his college alma mater, where he was supposed to have played.
</p>
<div class="c-float-left c-float-hang">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="An image of text which reads: “It’s hard
to heal from things that you’re consistently and constantly reminded of.”" src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/dOhv7xcwAjEFNZoFWE3DlwlO9cA=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23170111/13_Survivors_small_inset_image_quote_5.png"/>
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cHWFio">
The timing ended up being significant. In May 2021, Thomas realized he’d crossed an important threshold. He was 17 when he was shot, and he’s 35 now. “I’ve spent more time in the wheelchair than I have walking,” he said. He feels that he’s had a certain level of healing, psychologically and emotionally. Being in a wheelchair, though, makes it hard to forget. “I think about it often because I’m constantly reminded of it,” he said. “It’s hard to heal from things that you’re consistently and constantly reminded of.”
</p>
<div class="p-fullbleed-block">
<figure class="e-image">
<pre><code> &lt;img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-</code></pre>
cdn.com/thumbor/cRxDmdqgAqb4CAr9skKxbfHlkT8=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox- cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23170112/14_Survivors_<strong>large_images</strong>_Will__1.jpg" /&gt;
</figure>
</div>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/ixh3zPXHVQmR1INalXYRLBH-0Eo=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23170114/15_Survivors___inline_large_image___Will___2.png"/> <cite>Photos by Rosem Morton for Vox</cite>
<figcaption>
William Tipper Thomas was 17 when he was shot. He is 35 now. “I’ve spent more time in the wheelchair than I have walking,” he said. He only recently began seeking treatment for the trauma he endured.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="zNDTIU"/>
<div class="c-wide-block">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="The cut-paper sides of two bound books show a school building with a news crew
outside, and the silhouette of a child’s head." src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/IAHNhpfgJIe1GQartwzQAw9P_i8=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23170131/16_Survivors___large_images___book3.png"/> <cite>Will Staehle for Vox</cite>
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nHtx7O">
Long after Jenkins Smith was released from the hospital, and after her informal therapy group disbanded, reporters continued to reach out to her, eager to track her story of recovery. At times the interest could be overwhelming, but she also found some value in it: Here were adults who were genuinely interested in her experiences and thoughts, providing an open forum for her to discuss what happened. “I started using reporters as counselors,” she said. “It was therapeutic to me, and I really didn’t have that realization that that’s what I was doing with it until later on in life.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="F2gqIB">
Though I couldn’t exactly relate to her experience, I instinctively understood it. I’ve never found it necessary to seek treatment for what happened on the day of my school’s shooting, but it looms large in my memories. It was my first and most powerful experience with collective trauma. What has helped me process my feelings as an adult has been writing about it, <a href="https://www.gq.com/story/enough-grief-to-swallow-you-whole-recollections-from-another-american-shooting">again</a> and <a href="https://www.thecut.com/2013/01/school-shooting-liberal-pro-gun-childhood.html">again</a> and <a href="https://story.californiasunday.com/escape-unwanted-firearms/">again</a>. But perhaps nothing was as helpful as talking with these adult survivors.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bP4fYy">
There was so much overlap in our experiences. To know that others felt like they weren’t impacted directly enough to need help — even some students who had been shot — was both surprising and reassuring. We were all looking back at the ways we tried, as kids, to comprehend the incomprehensible. We were all considering what life was like back then, what’s different now, and what’s stayed the same.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NfLTy2">
The survivors I spoke with come from a diverse range of backgrounds and experiences. They grew up in suburbs, rural areas, and cities. Their experiences with guns were mixed. Some, <a href="https://story.californiasunday.com/escape-unwanted-firearms/">like me</a>, grew up in homes and communities where lots of people owned guns, regardless of their politics. Others had never touched one before. Many, but not all, grew up to favor stricter gun control; a handful of them owned guns themselves. (Leam owns an assault rifle, the kind of weapon he was shot with, but he said he wouldn’t mind if the government banned them.) Dare decided that she doesn’t want guns in her house; Jenkins Smith, despite her initial discomfort, has allowed them because hunting is a part of the culture where she lives, and she wants her children to experience it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="73MwOH">
They also had different feelings about how we should discuss the perpetrators of the shootings. Martin asked me not to name the shooters in my article; the media coverage of Columbine focused intensely on the psychology of the shooters, which <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-
big-idea/2018/2/22/17041382/school-shooting-media-coverage-perpetrator-parkland">inspired copycats</a>. Fannie Black, who survived a shooting in 1997 when she was a teen at Bethel High School in Alaska, felt differently. It’s always bothered her that no one ever talked about her school’s shooter when discussing what happened. “No one ever talked about bullying,” she said. She knew the shooter, watched him get bullied, watched him unsuccessfully try to seek help. “This could have been prevented,” she said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VBUC13">
As a teen, Jenkins Smith forgave the boy who shot her. He then proceeded to mail and call her from prison, until her dad called the authorities and told them to make it stop. As an adult, she went to meet with him in prison. She wanted to see what he remembered, and if he was remorseful, though she was almost nine months pregnant at the time and wasn’t sure it was a great idea. He couldn’t remember much, she said, but he did apologize for what he’d done. “I felt like I got what I needed,” she said. “There was no reason for me to talk with him again.”
</p>
<div class="c-float-right c-float-hang">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="An image
of text that reads: Many adult survivors have entered the life phase where they are having children of their own. Some
have decided not to." src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/55Ni0zDAvU7Wv2i_wXOGyeJV_yY=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23170137/17_Survivors_small_inset_image_quote4.png"/>
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iLJAb4">
Many adult survivors have entered the life phase where they are having children. Some have decided not to. “Around the time that it would have made sense for me to have kids,” Cartaya said, “I was realizing I didn’t want to bring children into a world where this stuff was still happening.” Others, though, are now raising kids, some with fellow survivors, in the towns where they grew up. Dare and her husband both attended Santana High School, but they weren’t a couple at the time of the shooting. They didn’t talk much about what happened until it was time for their son to enter high school, and Dare’s husband told her he didn’t want his son to attend their high school, because it would mean too many trips back to a place that was still difficult to visit.<strong> </strong>“I had no idea it bothered him,” she said. “We had never talked about our experiences of that day.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="U6VOjV">
Nichole Burcal and her husband are high school sweethearts; they were both in the cafeteria of Thurston High School when their classmate opened fire. Even though they were together, they too had different experiences: Burcal was shot; her husband wasn’t. As one of the injured, she says she received offers of free counseling and scholarships. But he didn’t, she said, “even though we were [both] in the middle of it.” Later, their oldest son attended Thurston High. When it came time to sign him up for cross-country in the school’s cafeteria, she found that she couldn’t do it. “I still can’t go in the cafeteria,” she said, “even 20 years later.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8T6mZr">
The impacts of trauma can last a lifetime, but psychologists are much better equipped to deal with young trauma survivors today than they were 20 years ago. “The field of child trauma has grown exponentially over the years, and that’s a good thing because we know more treatments are readily available now for children,” Gurwitch said. <a href="https://www.apa.org/ptsd-guideline/treatments/cognitive-processing-
therapy">Cognitive processing therapy</a>, in which a patient learns to reframe unhelpful thoughts about a traumatic event, and <a href="https://tfcbt.org/">trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy</a> have been shown to help children and adolescents recover from traumatic experiences. <a href="http://www.pcit.org/">Parent-child interaction therapy</a> has also proven helpful for young children.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YQWhFO">
Something else has changed, too: The adult survivors with school-age children have had to process the reality of their children going through active shooter drills. (Research <a href="https://www.vox.com/2015/5/22/8644219/school-shooting-hysteria-is-out-of-control">suggests</a> that the drills increase stress and anxiety in students, with little evidence that they’re effective.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mYHyFU">
Holm remembered the day his daughter came home from kindergarten and told him and his wife about a drill where they had to turn off the lights and be quiet so the bad guys couldn’t find them. It was the kind of moment, he said, in which “you step outside of yourself and you take a look at your entire life leading up to that moment. It reprioritizes everything. … This thing that happened to me is now affecting my daughter.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cvhl2V">
The following year, when students in Marshall County had a shooting at their school, Holm and other West Paducah survivors met with the students affected, to offer them help. He also wrote an <a href="https://www.courier-
journal.com/story/opinion/contributors/2018/01/30/kentucky-school-shooting-gun-violence/1078059001/">op-ed for his local paper</a>, and started speaking out at rallies for greater gun control. “I was silent for 20 years, and it never went away,” he said, “and these kids kept getting injured and it’s frustrating.” Doing nothing was no longer an option.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/UPUgWcAZI-
GPvTy7Jspsx-6kUgU=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23170139/18_Survivors___inline_medium___kids.png"/> <cite>Kevin Mazur/Getty Images for March For Our Lives</cite>
<figcaption>
Emma Gonzales, a survivor of the Parkland, Florida, shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School, speaks at the 2018 March For Our Lives. She is among the younger survivors to use the media attention to call for greater gun control.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="20e5xY">
Holm wasn’t the only one who took action. After the Aurora, Colorado, shooting in 2012, Martin and another classmate decided to start a group, <a href="https://www.therebelsproject.org/">the Rebels Project</a>, named after the Columbine school mascot, to lend support to and connect with other mass shooting survivors. “When we started, all we knew is that we wanted to help in ways we didn’t have access to in 1999,” Martin said. Since then, the group has met with victims to offer their help and hosts an annual meetup for survivors.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="seJ5x2">
Keene focuses on helping another way. He is a social worker who does therapy with kids, including in his old school district. “Hollan is so outspoken and eloquent, he speaks at rallies, and he’s so good at that,” Keene said of his old high school friend. “The way I deal with it is I pour it into these individuals who are sitting across from me at work.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BQB7BA">
There’s been one undeniable difference in the media landscape since the first generation of survivors grew up — young people are more able to make their voices heard about the issue. When Parkland, Florida, students seized on media attention after the shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School to call for greater gun control, “I was extremely proud of them,” said Thomas, who now works as an engineer and started his own <a href="http://www.tipperfoundation.org/">foundation</a> aimed at violence prevention for young people in Baltimore.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RbuS54">
A few years ago, Leam took his oldest son with him to an event commemorating the 29th anniversary of the Cleveland Elementary shooting. Getting diagnosed and treated for PTSD has helped Leam cope with the loud noises that used to trigger him, and with the pain of seeing his trauma repeated in countless other schools. Before treatment, “I could be driving and break down in tears, just thinking about what these kids are going through over and over again,” he said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Cx2J9w">
Still, he hasn’t talked to many of his fellow Cleveland survivors about what happened — even at the anniversary event. “I wish we did more back then to talk about it, and the repercussions from it,” Leam said. “Because I think it could have changed my life.”
</p>
<div class="p-fullbleed-block">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/gdr3t7onm_M7pCZAdAU0xmXOu3g=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23170146/19_Survivors___large_images___Sam_2.jpg"/> <cite>Kristan Lieb for Vox</cite>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="c-wide-block">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="The paper side of a
bound book shows a drawing made across the page ends: a family facing each other, with mother, daughter, father, and
son." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/tsXZmhEUfQerug3lRx-PL-WsUw4=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23170147/20_Survivors___large_images___books4.png"/> <cite>Will Staehle for Vox</cite>
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7aJPkf">
<em>Marin Cogan is a senior correspondent at Vox.</em>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8xuqkO">
<em>Will Staehle is an award-winning designer based in Seattle. He’s been one of Print magazine’s New Visual Artists and an ADC Young Gun. He has had a solo exhibit at the Type Directors Club.</em>
</p>
<div>
<div id="aLKHgh">
<div>
</div>
</div>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Women’s Football Asia Cup | All India matches cancelled after COVID-19 outbreak in camp</strong> - India on Sunday failed to field a team against Chinese Taipei following 12 players’ RT-PCR reports coming positive</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Smriti Mandhana named ICC Women’s Cricketer of the Year</strong> - The stylish left-hander was rewarded for good performances in England, Australia in 2021</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Former Zimbabwe batsman Brendan Taylor admits receiving money from Indian businessman for spot-fixing</strong> - Taylor clarified he was blackmailed and never went through with the arrangement</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Navratilova says Tennis Australia ‘capitulating’ to China over Peng</strong> - Peng supporters in Australia said they were planning to hand out 1,000 “Where is Peng Shuai?” T-shirts at Melbourne Park this week</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Australian Open 2022 | Medvedev loses temper but wins match to reach quarterfinals</strong> - The Russian second seed found the American serve-and-volley exponent a tough nut to crack at Margaret Court Arena and his frustration spilled over after losing the third set</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Billboards across Ernakulam highlight issue of Mass</strong> - Issue of fully congregation-facing Mass celebration</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Revamped CGHS website and mobile app launched</strong> - It will enable delivery of healthcare services without venturing out, says Mandaviya</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani practitioners can now issue fitness certificates</strong> - National Commission for Indian System of Medicine releases order in this regard</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Karnataka to complete Smart City projects ahead of Centre’s deadline</strong> - The smart city projects are under way in Bengaluru, Shivamogga, Mangaluru, Tumakuru, Hubballi-Dharwad, Davangere and Belagavi</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Punjab Assembly polls | BJP to contest on 65 seats, Punjab Lok Congress on 37, SAD (Sanyukt) on 15</strong> - JP Nadda said Punjab is a border State and security is a very important issue as far as assembly elections are concerned</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Russia-Ukraine tensions: UK warns of plot to install pro-Moscow ally</strong> - The Foreign Office takes the unusual step of naming a former Ukrainian MP as a potential Kremlin candidate.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>German navy chief resigns over Ukraine comments</strong> - Kay-Achim Schönbach said the idea that Russia wanted to invade Ukraine was nonsense.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Auschwitz: Dutch tourist fined over Nazi salute at former death camp</strong> - A 29-year-old woman - who says it was a bad joke - is charged with engaging in Nazi propaganda.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Covid: Clashes at Belgium protest against restrictions</strong> - A rally sees violent exchanges in Brussels as tens of thousands marched against Covid restrictions.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Stowaway found in South Africa plane wheel at Amsterdam airport</strong> - A man is discovered alive in the wheel section of a plane that landed in Amsterdam from South Africa.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Bitcoin drops to six-month low as investors dump speculative assets</strong> - Cryptocurrencies tumble in wake of global stock sell-off, proposed Russian crypto ban. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1827809">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>It’s a good time to learn the immune system—and this is the book for it</strong> - Philipp Dettmer, a self-described immune enthusiast, invites us into his world. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1827658">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Europe is in the middle of a messy nuclear showdown</strong> - Will green energy goals suffer as aging nuclear infrastructure is phased out? - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1827559">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Retired FBI agent has new theory about who betrayed Anne Frank’s family to Nazis</strong> - Vincent Pankoke ID’d Jewish Council member Arnold van den Bergh as most likely culprit. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1826737">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A white supremacist website got hacked, airing all its dirty laundry</strong> - Patriot Front says it’s aligned with American heroes. Leaks paint a darker picture. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1827722">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
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<li><strong>Just found out that the Oscars is a big fucking lie all the way along</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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Those people they invite to their ceremonies are all paid actors
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/SomeEdgyCunt_inChina"> /u/SomeEdgyCunt_inChina </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/sbeu2m/just_found_out_that_the_oscars_is_a_big_fucking/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/sbeu2m/just_found_out_that_the_oscars_is_a_big_fucking/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>A man was driving on the highway in the US when suddenly he was hit by a drunk driver, breaking his right arm, puncturing his lung, and putting him into a short coma</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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Despite not having insurance, he left the hospital without any financially crippling debt that would haunt him for the rest of his life and compromise his future savings.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Row_the_boat2"> /u/Row_the_boat2 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/sbact6/a_man_was_driving_on_the_highway_in_the_us_when/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/sbact6/a_man_was_driving_on_the_highway_in_the_us_when/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>A human couple meets an alien couple</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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So naturally, they decide it would be fun to swap partners. The alien woman goes off with the human man and the alien man goes off with the human woman. The alien man and human woman get undressed and he asks her, “Is it long enough?” She replies, “It could be a bit longer I suppose.” So the alien man slaps himself on the forehead a few times and it grows longer! Then he asks her, “Is it wide enough?” and again she says. “I guess it could be just a bit wider.” So he starts tugging at his own ears and it gets a bit wider.
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​
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An hour or so later the human couple get together to discuss. The man asks the woman, “So how was your experience with the alien man? Be honest!” She says “Honestly? No offense to you, but that was the single greatest sexual experience of my life. What about you and the alien woman?” The man replies, “Don’t get me wrong, it was good and all but she kept slapping me in the head and pulling at my ears really hard.”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/ihatethatguy009"> /u/ihatethatguy009 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/sb3mv7/a_human_couple_meets_an_alien_couple/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/sb3mv7/a_human_couple_meets_an_alien_couple/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>What do you call a homosexual Russian knight?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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Sergei
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/whoarewetointerfere"> /u/whoarewetointerfere </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/sbhxac/what_do_you_call_a_homosexual_russian_knight/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/sbhxac/what_do_you_call_a_homosexual_russian_knight/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>A journalist asked Tim Cook why iPhones are so expensive</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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“Well”, said Tim Cook, “that’s because the iPhone replaces a whole bunch of devices. A phone, a camera, a watch, a music player, a video player, a PDA, a voice recorder, a GPS navigator, a flashlight, a calculator, a portable gaming console, and many other things. Surely, a high price is worth paying to replace so many devices!”
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“Then why are Androids so much cheaper?”, asked the journalist.
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“Because,” said Tim Cook, “an Android replaces just one device. The iPhone.”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/BrandonBensonPHyB"> /u/BrandonBensonPHyB </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/sb10jz/a_journalist_asked_tim_cook_why_iphones_are_so/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/sb10jz/a_journalist_asked_tim_cook_why_iphones_are_so/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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