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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Gene amplification acts as a molecular foothold to facilitate cross-species adaptation and evasion of multiple antiviral pathways</strong> -
<div>
Cross-species spillover events are responsible for many of the pandemics in human history including COVID-19; however, the evolutionary mechanisms that enable these events are poorly understood. We have previously modeled this process using a chimeric vaccinia virus expressing the rhesus cytomegalovirus-derived PKR antagonist RhTRS1 in place of its native PKR antagonists; E3L and K3L (VACV{delta}E{delta}K+RhTRS1). Using this virus, we demonstrated that gene amplification of rhtrs1 occurred early during experimental evolution and was sufficient to fully rescue virus replication in partially resistant African green monkey (AGM) fibroblasts. Notably, this rapid gene amplification also allowed limited virus replication in otherwise completely non-permissive human fibroblasts, suggesting that gene amplification may act as a ‘’molecular foothold’’ to facilitate viral adaptation to multiple species. In this study, we demonstrate that there are multiple barriers to VACV{delta}E{delta}K+RhTRS1 replication in human cells, mediated by both PKR and RNase L. We experimentally evolved three AGM-adapted virus populations in human fibroblasts. Each population adapted to human cells bimodally, via an initial 10-fold increase in replication after only two passages followed by a second 10-fold increase in replication by passage nine. Using our Illumina-based pipeline, we found that some SNPs which had evolved during the prior AGM adaptation were rapidly lost, while 13 single-base substitutions and short indels increased over time, including two SNPs unique to HFF adapted populations. Many of these changes were associated with components of the viral RNA polymerase, although no variant was shared between all three populations. Taken together, our results demonstrate that rhtrs1 amplification was sufficient to increase viral tropism after passage in an ‘’intermediate species’’ and subsequently enabled the virus to adopt different, species-specific adaptive mechanisms to overcome distinct barriers to viral replication in AGM and human cells.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.06.494757v3" target="_blank">Gene amplification acts as a molecular foothold to facilitate cross-species adaptation and evasion of multiple antiviral pathways</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Design and Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 DNA vaccine encoding RBD-PVXCP fusion protein</strong> -
<div>
The potential of immune evasive mutations accumulation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to its rapid spread causing over 600 million confirmed cases and more than 6.5 million confirmed deaths. Huge demand for the rapid development and deployment of low-cost and effective vaccines against emerging variants renews interest in DNA vaccine technology. Here we report a rapid generation and immunological evaluation of novel DNA vaccine candidates against Wuhan-Hu-1 and Omicron variants, based on the RBD protein fused with the Potato virus X coat protein (PVXCP). Delivery of DNA vaccines using electroporation in a two-doses regimen induced high antibody titers and profound cellular response in mice. Antibody titers induced against Omicron variant of the vaccine were sufficient for the effective protection against both the Omicron and Wuhan-Hu-1 virus infections. PVXCP protein in the vaccine construct shifted immune response to the favorable Th1-like type and provided oligomerization of RBD-PVXCP protein. A naked DNA delivery by the needle-free injection device allowed us to achieve antibody titers comparable with the mRNA-LNP delivery in rabbits. This data identifies the RBD-PVXCP DNA vaccine platform as a promising solution for robust and effective SARS-CoV-2 protection, supporting further translational study.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.06.511104v1" target="_blank">Design and Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 DNA vaccine encoding RBD-PVXCP fusion protein</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Long-term passaging of replication competent pseudo-typed SARS-CoV-2 reveals the antiviral breadth of monoclonal and bispecific antibody cocktails</strong> -
<div>
The continuous emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants poses challenges to the effectiveness of neutralizing antibodies. Rational design of antibody cocktails is a realizable approach addressing viral immune evasion. However, evaluating the breadth of antibody cocktails is essential for understanding the development potential. Here, based on a replication competent vesicular stomatitis virus model that incorporates the spike of SARS-CoV-2 (VSV-SARS-CoV-2), we evaluated the breadth of a number of antibody cocktails consisting of monoclonal antibodies and bispecific antibodies by long-term passaging the virus in the presence of the cocktails. Results from over two-month passaging of the virus showed that 9E12+10D4+2G1 and 7B9-9D11+2G1 from these cocktails were highly resistant to random mutation, and there was no breakthrough after 30 rounds of passaging. As a control, antibody REGN10933 was broken through in the third passage. Next generation sequencing was performed and several critical mutations related to viral evasion were identified. These mutations caused a decrease in neutralization efficiency, but the reduced replication rate and ACE2 susceptibility of the mutant virus suggested that they might not have the potential to become epidemic strains. The 9E12+10D4+2G1 and 7B9-9D11+2G1 cocktails that picked from the VSV-SARS-CoV-2 system efficiently neutralized all current variants of concern and variants of interest including the most recent variants Delta and Omicron, as well as SARS-CoV-1. Our results highlight the feasibility of using the VSV-SARS-CoV-2 system to develop SARS-CoV-2 antibody cocktails and provide a reference for the clinical selection of therapeutic strategies to address the mutational escape of SARS-CoV-2.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.05.511057v1" target="_blank">Long-term passaging of replication competent pseudo-typed SARS-CoV-2 reveals the antiviral breadth of monoclonal and bispecific antibody cocktails</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Is The Stalk of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Druggable?</strong> -
<div>
The SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein (SP) is the vector of the virus infectivity. The high propensity to mutate in key regions responsible for the recognition of the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) or the antibodies produced by the immune system following infection or vaccination makes subunit 1 of the SP a difficult to target and, to date, efforts have not delivered any ACE2 binding inhibitor yet. The inherent flexibility of the stalk region, within subunit S2, is key to SARS-CoV-2 high infectivity because it facilitates the receptor binding domain encounter with ACE2. Thus, it could be a valuable therapeutic target. By employing a fragment-based strategy, we computationally studied the druggability of the conserved part of the SP stalk by means of an integrated approach that combines molecular docking with high-throughput molecular dynamics simulations. Our results suggest that the druggability of the stalk is challenging and provide the structural basis for such difficulty.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.06.511069v1" target="_blank">Is The Stalk of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Druggable?</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Digital Omicron Detection using Unscripted Voice Samples from Social Media</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The success of artificial intelligence in clinical environments relies upon the diversity and availability of training data. In some cases, social media data may be used to counterbalance the limited amount of accessible, well-curated clinical data, but this possibility remains largely unexplored. In this study, we mined YouTube to collect voice data from individuals with self- declared positive COVID-19 tests during time periods in which Omicron was the predominant variant, while also sampling non-Omicron COVID-19 variants, other upper respiratory infections (URI), and healthy subjects. The resulting dataset was used to train a DenseNet model to detect the Omicron variant from voice changes. Our model achieved 0.85/0.80 sensitivity/specificity in separating Omicron samples from healthy samples and 0.76/0.70 sensitivity/specificity in separating Omicron samples from symptomatic non-COVID samples. In comparison with past studies, which used scripted voice samples, we showed that leveraging the intra-sample variance inherent to unscripted speech enhanced generalization. Our work introduced novel design paradigms for audio-based diagnostic tools and established the potential of social media data to train digital diagnostic models suitable for real-world deployment.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.13.22279673v2" target="_blank">Digital Omicron Detection using Unscripted Voice Samples from Social Media</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Evaluation of the Abbott PanbioTM COVID-19 antigen detection rapid diagnostic test among healthcare workers in elderly care</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been especially dangerous for elderly people. To reduce the risk of transmission from healthcare workers to elderly people, it is of utmost importance to detect possible severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive healthcare workers as early as possible. We aimed to determine whether the Abbott PanbioTM COVID-19 antigen detection rapid diagnostic test (Ag-RDT) could be used as an alternative to reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The second aim was to compare the cycle threshold (Ct) in RT-qPCR with the results of the Ag-RDT. Methods A prospective diagnostic evaluation of the Abbott PanbioTM COVID-19 Ag-RDT among healthcare workers across three elderly care facilities as well as home-based elderly care workers who met clinical criteria for COVID-19 during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Per healthcare worker, the first nasopharyngeal swab was obtained to perform the Ag-RDT and the second swab for RT-qPCR. A Ct-value of &lt; 40 was interpreted as positive, ≥ 40 as negative. Results A total of 683 healthcare workers with COVID-19 symptoms were sampled for detection of SARS-CoV-2 by both Ag-RDT and RT-qPCR. Sixty-three healthcare workers (9.2%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-qPCR. The overall sensitivity of Ag-RDT was 81.0% sensitivity (95%CI: 69.6-88.8%) and 100% specificity (95%CI: 99.4-100%). Using a cut-off Ct-value of 32, the sensitivity increased to 92.7% (95% CI: 82.7-97.1%). Negative Ag-RDT results were moderately associated with higher Ct-values (r = 0.62) compared to positive Ag-RDT results. Conclusion The PanbioTM COVID-19 Ag-RDT can be used to quickly detect positive SARS-CoV-2 healthcare workers. Negative Ag-RDT should be confirmed by RT-qPCR. In case of severe understaffing and with careful consideration, fully vaccinated healthcare workers with Ag-RDT negative results could work with a mask pending PCR results.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.04.22280700v1" target="_blank">Evaluation of the Abbott PanbioTM COVID-19 antigen detection rapid diagnostic test among healthcare workers in elderly care</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 infection alkalinizes the ERGIC and lysosomes through the viroporin activity of the viral envelope protein</strong> -
<div>
The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the agent of the deadly COVID-19 pandemic, is an enveloped virus propagating within the endocytic and secretory organelles of host mammalian cells. Enveloped viruses modify the ionic homeostasis of organelles to render their intra-luminal milieu permissive for viral entry, replication, and egress. Here, we show that infection of Vero E6 cells with the delta variant of the SARS-CoV-2 alkalinizes the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) as well as lysosomes, mimicking the effect of inhibitors of vacuolar proton ATPases. We further show the envelope protein of SARS-CoV-2 accumulates in the ERGIC when expressed in mammalian cells and selectively dissipates the ERGIC pH. This viroporin effect is not associated with acute cellular toxicity but is prevented by mutations within the channel pore of E. We conclude that the envelope protein acts as a proton channel in the ERGIC to mitigate the acidity of this intermediate compartment. The altered pH homeostasis of the ERGIC likely contributes to the virus fitness and pathogenicity, making the E channel an attractive drug target for the treatment of COVID-19.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.04.510830v1" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 infection alkalinizes the ERGIC and lysosomes through the viroporin activity of the viral envelope protein</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Three-dose vaccination-induced immune responses protect against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-BA.2</strong> -
<div>
Background: The ongoing outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 infections in Hong Kong, the model city of universal masking of the world, has resulted in a major public health crisis. Although the third vaccination resulted in strong boosting of neutralization antibody, vaccine efficacy and corelates of immune protection against the major circulating Omicron BA.2 remains to be investigated. Methods: We investigated the vaccine efficacy against the Omicron BA.2 breakthrough infection among 470 public servants who had received different SARS-CoV-2 vaccine regimens including two-dose BNT162b2 (2xBNT, n=169), three-dose BNT162b2 (3xBNT, n=170), two-dose CoronaVac (2xCorV, n=34), three-dose CoronaVac (3xCorV, n=67) and third-dose BNT162b2 following 2xCorV (2xCorV+1BNT, n=32). Humoral and cellular immune responses after three-dose vaccination were further characterized and correlated with clinical characteristics of BA.2 infection. Findings: During the BA.2 outbreak, 27.7% vaccinees were infected. The timely third-dose vaccination provided significant protection with lower incidence rates of breakthrough infections (2xBNT 49.2% vs 3xBNT 13.1%, p&lt;0.0001; 2xCorV 44.1% vs 3xCoV 19.4%, p=0.003). Investigation of immune response on blood samples derived from 92 subjects in three-dose vaccination cohorts collected before the BA.2 outbreak revealed that the third-dose vaccination activated spike (S)-specific memory B cells and Omicron cross-reactive T cell responses, which correlated with reduced frequencies of breakthrough infections and disease severity rather than with types of vaccines. Moreover, the frequency of S-specific activated memory B cells was significantly lower in infected vaccinees than uninfected vaccinees before vaccine-breakthrough infection whereas IFN-{gamma}+ CD4 T cells were negatively associated with age and viral clearance time. Critically, BA.2 breakthrough infection boosted cross-reactive memory B cells with enhanced cross-neutralizing antibodies to Omicron sublineages, including BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5, in all vaccinees tested. Interpretation: Our results imply that the timely third vaccination and immune responses are likely required for vaccine-mediated protection against Omicron BA.2 pandemic. Although BA.2 conferred the highest neutralization resistance compared with variants of concern tested before the emergence of BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5, the third dose vaccination-activated S-specific memory B cells and Omicron cross-reactive T cell responses contributed to reduced frequencies of breakthrough infection and disease severity. Neutralizing antibody potency enhanced by BA.2 breakthrough infection with previous 3 doses of vaccines (CoronaVac or BNT162b2) may reduce the risk for infection of ongoing BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.09.491254v2" target="_blank">Three-dose vaccination-induced immune responses protect against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-BA.2</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Vaccines alone cannot slow the evolution of SARS-CoV-2</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The rapid emergence of immune-evading viral variants of SARS-CoV-2 calls into question the practicality of a vaccine-only public health strategy for managing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. It has been suggested that widespread vaccination is necessary to prevent the emergence of future immune-evading mutants. Here we examine that proposition using stochastic computational models of viral transmission and mutation. Specifically, we look at the likelihood of emergence of immune escape variants requiring multiple mutations, and the impact of vaccination on this process. Our results suggest that the transmission rate of intermediate SARS-CoV-2 mutants will impact the rate at which novel immune-evading variants will appear. While vaccination can lower the rate at which new variants appear, other interventions that reduce transmission can also have the same effect. Crucially, relying solely on widespread and repeated vaccination (vaccinating the entire population multiple times a year) is not sufficient to prevent the emergence of novel immune-evading strains if transmission rates remain high within the population. Thus, vaccines alone are incapable of slowing the pace of evolution of immune evasion, and vaccinal protection against severe and fatal outcomes for COVID-19 patients is therefore not assured.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.04.22280696v1" target="_blank">Vaccines alone cannot slow the evolution of SARS-CoV-2</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Age-dependent impairment in antibody responses elicited by a homologous CoronaVac booster dose</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages resulted in drastically increased transmission rates and reduced protection from vaccine-induced immunity. To counteract these effects, multiple booster strategies were used in different countries, although data comparing their efficiency in improving protective immunity remains sparse, especially among vulnerable populations, including older adults. The inactivated CoronaVac vaccine was among the most widely distributed worldwide, particularly in China, and South America. However, whether homologous versus heterologous booster doses in those fully vaccinated with CoronaVac induce distinct humoral responses and whether these responses vary across age groups remain unknown. We analyzed plasma antibody responses from CoronaVac-vaccinated younger or older individuals in central and south America that received a homologous CoronaVac or heterologous BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 booster vaccines. We found that both IgG levels against SARS-CoV-2 spike or RBD, as well as neutralization titers against Omicron sublineages, were substantially reduced in participants that received homologous CoronaVac when compared to heterologous BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 booster. This effect was specifically prominent in recipients older than 50 years of age. In this group, CoronaVac booster induced low virus-specific IgG levels and failed to elevate their neutralization titers against any omicron sublineage. Our results point to significant inefficiency in mounting protective anti-viral humoral immunity in those who were primed with CoronaVac followed by CoronaVac booster, particularly among older adults, urging a heterologous regimen in high-risk populations fully vaccinated with CoronaVac.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.04.22280704v1" target="_blank">Age-dependent impairment in antibody responses elicited by a homologous CoronaVac booster dose</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Effectiveness and duration of a second COVID-19 vaccine booster</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Using a prospective national cohort of 3.75 million individuals aged 20 or older, we evaluated the effectiveness against COVID-19 related ICU admissions and death of mRNA-based second vaccine boosters for four different three-dose background regimes: BNT162b2 primary series plus a homologous booster, and CoronaVac primary series plus an mRNA booster, a homologous booster, and a ChAdOx-1 booster. We estimated the vaccine effectiveness weekly from February 14 to August 15, 2022, by estimating hazard ratios of immunization over non-vaccination, accounting for relevant confounders. The overall adjusted effectiveness of a second mRNA booster shot was 88.2% (95%CI, 86.2-89.9) and 90.5% (95%CI 89.4-91.4) against ICU admissions and death, respectively. Vaccine effectiveness showed a mild decrease for all regimens and outcomes, probably associated with the introduction of BA.4 and BA.5 Omicron sub-lineages and immunity waning. The duration of effectiveness suggests that no additional boosters are needed six months following a second booster shot.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.03.22280660v1" target="_blank">Effectiveness and duration of a second COVID-19 vaccine booster</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Key performance indicators of COVID-19 contact tracing in Belgium from September 2020 to December 2021</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background Contact tracing aims to prevent onward transmission of infectious diseases and data obtained during tracing provide unique information on transmission characteristics. A key performance indicator that has been proposed to evaluate contact tracing is the proportion of cases arising from known contacts. However, few empirical studies have investigated the effectiveness of contact tracing. Methods Using data collected between September 2020 and December 2021 in Belgium, we investigated the impact of contact tracing on SARS-CoV-2 transmission. We compared confirmed cases that were previously identified as a close contact to those that were not yet known, in terms of their traced contacts and secondary cases as well as the serial interval. In addition, we established contact and transmission patterns by age. Findings Previously traced, hence 9known9, cases comprised 20% of all cases and they were linked to relatively fewer close contacts as well as fewer secondary cases and a lower secondary attack rate compared to cases that were not already known. In addition we observed a shorter serial interval for 9known9 cases. There was a relative increase in transmission from children to adults during circulation of the Delta and Omicron variants, without an increase in the extent of contact between these age groups. Interpretation These results suggest that contact tracing in Belgium has been effective in reducing onward transmission and that individuals aware of their exposure to SARSCoV- 2 seemed more reserved in their social contact behaviour. Data from a reference period or region are needed to measure the impact of contact tracing in terms of the number of cases and deaths averted.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.04.22280542v1" target="_blank">Key performance indicators of COVID-19 contact tracing in Belgium from September 2020 to December 2021</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Potential use of Immunodaat (Botanical extract of Elderberry -Sambucus Nigra L.) in the management of Post Covid-19 symptoms- a comparative, multi-centric, randomized, clinical study</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: Immunodaat, a proprietary botanical extract, contains a standardized extract of Elderberry (Sambucus Nigra L.). Elderberry is used as an immunity enhancer for the prevention and management of various respiratory diseases and as an antioxidant. Objectives: The present study evaluated the effect of Immunodaat, in Post Covid-19 recovery. Methods: An open-labeled, comparative, randomized, multi-centric, prospective clinical study was conducted on 74 subjects who had post-COVID-19 symptoms recovery from mild-moderate COVID-19 within the last 15 days. Subjects were divided equally, with 37 subjects in trial and control groups each, where subjects in the trial group were given Immunodaat capsules in a dose of 250 mg Capsules twice daily along with the standard care for COVID-19 for consecutive 30 days while subjects in the control group were given only the standard care for Post Covid. Subjects were evaluated for post-clinical recovery signs and symptoms (like cough, fatigue, Myalgia, Joint pain, confusion, altered mood, anxiety, insomnia, etc.) and lab parameters. Subjects were evaluated for quality of life using WHO QOL BREF. Results: Continuous 30 days of administration of Immunodaat showed a significant difference in reducing physical and mental symptoms compared to the control group. Also, a significant improvement in quality of life was observed on the WHO QOL BREF scale with Immunodaat compared to the control group. The overall quality of life, energy levels, and stamina levels improved with the use of Immunodaat. Subjects showed excellent tolerability and did not have any adverse effects with the use of Immunodaat. Conclusion: The study concludes that the use of Immunodaat over 30 days aided to normalize the physical and mental symptoms that occurred due to Post COVID and long COVID. Immunodaat can be considered a safe and effective natural ingredient in managing Post COVID-19 or long COVID conditions.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.04.22280680v1" target="_blank">Potential use of Immunodaat (Botanical extract of Elderberry -Sambucus Nigra L.) in the management of Post Covid-19 symptoms- a comparative, multi-centric, randomized, clinical study</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Low-dose IL-2 reduces IL-21+ T cells and induces a long-lived anti-inflammatory gene expression signature inversely modulated in COVID-19 patients</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Despite early clinical successes, the mechanisms of action of low-dose interleukin-2 (LD-IL-2) immunotherapy remain only partly understood. Here, we examined the effects of interval administration of low-dose recombinant IL-2 (iLD-IL-2) using high-resolution, single-cell multiomics and flow cytometry. We confirmed that iLD-IL-2 selectively expands thymic-derived FOXP3+HELIOS+ Tregs and CD56br NK cells, and showed that treatment reduced the frequency of IL-21-producing CD4+ T cells and of two subsets of innate-like CD8+ T cells, mucosal-associated invariant T cells and Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. The cellular changes induced by LD-IL-2 were associated with an anti-inflammatory gene expression signature, which remains detectable in all T and NK cell subsets analysed one month after treatment. The anti-inflammatory nature of this gene expression signature was supported by the observation that the same genes were also modulated in COVID-19 patients, but in the opposite direction. These findings warrant continued investigations of the potential clinical benefits of iLD-IL-2 in immunotherapy and further understanding of the development of long-term sequelae in convalescent COVID-19 patients.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.05.22273167v2" target="_blank">Low-dose IL-2 reduces IL-21+ T cells and induces a long-lived anti-inflammatory gene expression signature inversely modulated in COVID-19 patients</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 variants in the making: Sequential intrahost evolution and forward transmissions in the context of persistent infections</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Persistent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections have been reported in immune-compromised individuals and people undergoing immune-modulatory treatments. Although intrahost evolution has been documented, to our knowledge, no direct evidence of subsequent transmission and stepwise adaptation is available. Here we describe sequential persistent SARS-CoV-2 infections in three individuals that led to the emergence, forward transmission, and continued evolution of a new Omicron sublineage, BA.1.23, over an eight-month period. The initially transmitted BA.1.23 variant encoded seven additional amino acid substitutions within the spike protein (E96D, R346T, L455W, K458M, A484V, H681R, A688V), and displayed substantial resistance to neutralization by sera from boosted and/or Omicron BA.1-infected study participants. Subsequent continued BA.1.23 replication resulted in additional substitutions in the spike protein (S254F, N448S, F456L, M458K, F981L, S982L) as well as in five other virus proteins. Our findings demonstrate that the Omicron BA.1 lineage can diverge further from its already exceptionally mutated genome during persistent infection in more than one host, and also document ongoing transmission of these novel variants. There is an urgent need to implement strategies to prevent prolonged SARS-CoV-2 replication and to limit the spread of newly emerging, neutralization-resistant variants in vulnerable patients.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.25.22275533v2" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 variants in the making: Sequential intrahost evolution and forward transmissions in the context of persistent infections</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Efficacy and Safety of TADIOS as an Adjuvant Therapy in Patients Diagnosed With Mild to Moderate COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: TADIOS;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Helixmith Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Learn About a Repeat 5-Day Treatment With the Study Medicines (Called Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir) in People 12 Years Old or Older With Return of COVID-19 Symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 Positivity After Finishing Treatment With Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: nirmatrelvir;   Drug: ritonavir;   Drug: placebo for nirmatrelvir<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Pfizer<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 iCura SARS-CoV-2 Ag OTC: Clinical Evaluation</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   SARS-CoV-2 Infection;   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Device: iCura COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Home Test;   Diagnostic Test: RT-PCR Test<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   EDP Biotech;   Paragon Rx Clinical, Inc.;   iCura Diagnostics, LLC<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study Evaluating Diltiazem in Combination With Standard Treatment in the Management of Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 Pneumonia</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: DILTIAZEM TEVA 60 mg or placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Hospices Civils de Lyon;   Signia Therapeutics<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>FMT for Post-acute COVID-19 Syndrome</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Post-Acute COVID19 Syndrome;   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Procedure: Faecal Microbiota Transplantation<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Chinese University of Hong Kong<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Booster Dose Reminder/Recall for Adolescents</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Vaccines<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: Reminder/Recall Sent Via Preferred Method of Communication<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>VAX-MOM COVID-19: Increasing Maternal COVID-19 Vaccination</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Immunization; Infection;   Pregnancy Related;   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: VAX-MOM COVID-19 Intervention;   Other: Standard of Care<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of Rochester;   Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;   University of California, Los Angeles<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Research on Community Based ATK Test Study to Control Spread of COVID-19 in Migrant Community</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pandemic<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Device: STANDARD Q COVID-19 Ag Test<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University of Oxford<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Immunogenicity of COVID-19 Vaccine in Population Aged 18 Years and Above</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: low-dose LYB001;   Biological: Recombinant COVID-19 Vaccine (CHO Cell);   Biological: high-dose LYB001<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Guangzhou Patronus Biotech Co., Ltd.;   Yantai Patronus Biotech Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Efficacy and Safety of BioBlock® Intranasally Administered Virus-Neutralizing Bovine Colostrum Nasal Spray in Preventing of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-19) Infection in Healthy Volunteer Individuals</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   SARS CoV 2 Infection<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: BioBlock® antiviral nasal spray<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Chemi-Pharm AS<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Personalized Computerized Training Program for Cognitive Dysfunction After COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Post-Acute COVID-19;   Long COVID<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Device: CogniFit’s CCT Post COVID-19<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Universidad Antonio de Nebrija<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>3EO Health SARS-CoV-2 OTC At Home Test</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pandemic<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Diagnostic Test: In Vitro<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   3EO Health<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Understanding the Impact of Death Conditions Linked to the COVID-19 Crisis on the Grieving Process in Bereaved Families</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Psychological Disorder<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: Qualitative research interview<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sequential Enhanced Safety Study of a Novel Coronavirus Messenger RNA (mRNA) Vaccine in Adults Aged 18 Years and Older.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: 0.3ml of mRNA vaccine<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Yu Qin<br/><b>Enrolling by invitation</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Bringing Optimised COVID-19 Vaccine Schedules To ImmunoCompromised Populations (BOOST-IC): an Adaptive Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   HIV;   Organ Transplantation;   Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin;   Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia;   Multiple Myeloma;   COVID-19 Vaccines<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: BNT162b2;   Biological: mRNA-1273;   Biological: NVX-COV2373<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Bayside Health;   Monash University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Comparison of Intracellular Transcriptional Response of NHBE Cells to Infection with SARS-CoV-2 Washington and New York Strains</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and caused a global pandemic resulting in millions of deaths and tens of millions of patients positive tests. While studies have shown a D614G mutation in the viral spike protein are more transmissible, the effects of this and other mutations on the host response, especially at the cellular level, are yet to be fully elucidated. In this experiment we infected normal human bronchial…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Inhibition of nonstructural protein 15 of SARS-CoV-2 by golden spice: A computational insight</strong> - The quick widespread of the coronavirus and speedy upsurge in the tally of cases demand the fast development of effective drugs. The uridine-directed endoribonuclease activity of nonstructural protein 15 (Nsp15) of the coronavirus is responsible for the invasion of the host immune system. Therefore, developing potential inhibitors against Nsp15 is a promising strategy. In this concern, the in silico approach can play a significant role, as it is fast and cost-effective in comparison to the trial…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Apelin as a new therapeutic target for COVID-19 treatment</strong> - CONCLUSION: Apelin is a potential therapeutic candidate against SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Two Cases of Acute Myocarditis in Young Male Adults After mRNA Vaccines Against COVID-19: Similarities and Differences</strong> - CONCLUSION: The benefits of vaccination against Covid-19 outweigh possible untoward effects and especially myocarditis. Health workers must close monitor the vaccinated patients for possible future cardiovascular complications.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Therapeutic Approaches in COVID-19 Patients: The Role of the Renin-Angiotensin System</strong> - Two and a half years after COVID-19 was first reported in China, thousands of people are still dying from the disease every day around the world. The condition is forcing physicians to adopt new treatment strategies while emphasizing continuation of vaccination programs. The renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in the development and progression of COVID-19 patients. Nonetheless, administration of recombinant angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 has been proposed for the treatment of the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Integral Membrane Protein ZMPSTE24 Protects Cells from SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Mediated Pseudovirus Infection and Syncytia Formation</strong> - COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had a devastating impact on global public health, emphasizing the importance of understanding innate immune mechanisms and cellular restriction factors that cells can harness to fight viral infections. The multimembrane-spanning zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24 is one such restriction factor. ZMPSTE24 has a well-characterized proteolytic role in the maturation of prelamin A, precursor of the nuclear…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Booster vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 induces potent immune responses in people with HIV</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: In PWH receiving a third vaccine dose, there were significant increases in B and T cell immunity, including to known VOCs.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Body Weight is Inversely Associated with Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels after BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination in Young and Middle Aged Adults</strong> - CONCLUSION: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody was inversely correlated with weight and BMI, which may be used as a marker to predict immune response of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in young and middle aged adults.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A molecularly engineered, broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus lectin inhibits SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV infection in vivo</strong> - “Pan-coronavirus” antivirals targeting conserved viral components can be designed. Here, we show that the rationally engineered H84T-banana lectin (H84T-BanLec), which specifically recognizes high mannose found on viral proteins but seldom on healthy human cells, potently inhibits Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (including Omicron), and other human-pathogenic coronaviruses at nanomolar concentrations….</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Assessment of Practices Affecting Racial and Ethnic COVID-19 Vaccination Equity in 10 Large US Cities</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: Lack of consistent public reporting and transparency of COVID-19 vaccination data has likely hindered public health responses by impeding the ability to track the effectiveness of strategies that target vaccine equity.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 3CL<sup>pro</sup> mutations selected in a VSV-based system confer resistance to nirmatrelvir, ensitrelvir, and GC376</strong> - Protease inhibitors are among the most powerful antiviral drugs. Nirmatrelvir is the first protease inhibitor against the SARS-CoV-2 protease 3CL^(pro) that has been licensed for clinical use. To identify mutations that confer resistance to this protease inhibitor, we engineered a chimeric vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) that expressed a polyprotein composed of the VSV glycoprotein G, the SARS-CoV-2 3CL^(pro), and the VSV polymerase L. Viral replication was thus dependent on the autocatalytic…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Reducing delayed transfer of care in older people: A qualitative study of barriers and facilitators to shorter hospital stays</strong> - CONCLUSION: Poor quality and availability of information, and poor communication, inhibit effective transfer of care. Communication is fundamental to patient-centred care and even more important in discharge models characterized by limited assessments and quicker discharge. Interventions at the service level and targeted patient information about what to expect in discharge assessments and after discharge could help to address poor communication and support for improving discharge of older…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) natural antiviral inhibitors: a review</strong> - Viral diseases are the cause of many global epidemics, leading to deaths, affecting the quality of life of populations, and impairing public health. The limitations in the treatment of viral diseases and the constant resistance to conventional antiviral treatments encourage researchers to discover new compounds. In this perspective, this literature review presents isolated molecules and extracts of natural products capable of inhibiting the activity of the nonstructural protein that acts as the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Novel α-aminophosphonate derivates synthesis, theoretical calculation, Molecular docking, and in silico prediction of potential inhibition of SARS-CoV-2</strong> - Using the Density Functional Theory approach and in silico docking, the current study analyzes the inhibitory role of a novel α-aminophosphonate derivative against SARS-CoV-2 major protease (Mpro) and RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2. FT-IR, UV-Vis, and NMR (1H, 13C, 31P) approaches were used to produce and confirm the novel α-aminophosphonate derivative. The quantum chemical parameters were detremined, and the reactivity of the synthesized molecule was discussed using DFT at…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immunogenicity decay and case incidence six months post Sinovac-CoronaVac vaccine in autoimmune rheumatic diseases patients</strong> - The determination of durability and vaccine-associated protection is essential for booster doses strategies, however data on the stability of SARS-CoV-2 immunity are scarce. Here we assess anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunogenicity decay and incident cases six months after the 2^(nd) dose of Sinovac-CoronaVac inactivated vaccine (D210) in 828 autoimmune rheumatic diseases patients compared with 207 age/sex-balanced control individuals. The primary outcome is the presence of anti-S1/S2 SARS-CoV-2 IgG at 6…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Supreme Court Considers What May Be the Final Blow to the Voting Rights Act</strong> - Justices Elena Kagan, Ketanji Brown Jackson, and Sonia Sotomayor warn of what’s really at stake in Merrill v. Milligan. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/the-supreme-court-considers-what-may-be-the-final-blow-to-the-voting-rights-act">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Putin’s Draft Order Has Inspired a Russian Exodus</strong> - “I’ve never seen anything like this,” an advocate said. “It feels like a sort of popular resistance.” - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/putins-draft-order-has-inspired-a-russian-exodus">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Ongoing Electoral Efforts to Up the Anti-Democratic Ante</strong> - Republican-led legislatures and right-wing activists alike are making things more difficult for election officials. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/the-ongoing-electoral-efforts-to-up-the-anti-democratic-ante">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How Netflix’s “Mo” Evades the Usual Representation Traps</strong> - A lesser show might have tried to make the titular character a bit more likable, or, perhaps, implanted within him a desire to explain his culture to the rest of the world. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/how-netflixs-mo-evades-the-usual-representation-traps">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Will Abortion Be Enough to Save Democrats in November?</strong> - With Republicans strong on the economy, it’s not clear how much any other issue will matter. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-bidens-washington/will-abortion-be-enough-to-save-democrats-in-november">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Tár demands — and deserves — your full attention</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Cate Blanchett as an orchestra conductor, baton in hand." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/C4KW8du4sXJu0JyqCk8WppT1TU0=/1549x0:6200x3488/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71465325/001_TA_R_FP_00001_R.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Cate Blanchett stars as an orchestra conductor in <em>Tár</em>. | Focus Features
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Cate Blanchett stars in a tightly wound masterpiece that slices through class anxiety and power.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jjmgL7">
To watch <em>Tár</em> properly requires mental recursion. The surface of each scene is perfectly legible, but the full import of what you’re watching is elusive till the end of the scene, or even the sequence. The end of the film recasts everything that’s come before it. It’s like Kierkegaard’s old saw, embodied: Life can only be understood backwards; but it must be lived forwards.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZOgRhC">
Yet <em>Tár</em> is anything but clichéd. Not to be hyperbolic, but it might be perfect.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Hyk404">
The titular <em>Tár</em> is Lydia Tár, a fearsome orchestra conductor fiercely played by Cate Blanchett. (She’s a fictional character, but you can sense a dozen real ones just beneath her skin.) She’s fought her way to the top of the profession, which in this particular case resides on the podium in front of the Berlin Philharmonic. She lives in a sleek modernist flat with her wife, Sharon (Nina Hoss), and their daughter, and she spends her days on the most elite circuit imaginable: chatting with New Yorker writers in front of packed crowds; rehearsing the orchestra in advance of a new season and upcoming recordings; prepping for the publication of her memoirs. Her devoted assistant Francesca (Noémie Merlant) by her side, she’s always on a plane or waving a baton or greeting admirers.
</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="CaQNkS">
The world she’s constructed for herself is like a perfectly tuned violin, cooly precise. For a stringed instrument to play in tune with its orchestral neighbors, each string must be pulled to exactly the right tension — no more, no less. Too loose and you can’t draw a bow across them. Too tight, and they can snap. And sometimes (I speak from experience here) that snap can cause the musician serious injury, leaving welts or deep lacerations.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="Cate Blanchett as a conductor in front of an orchestra." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/5rGmMASHdzwMxBztGNOyqAd34fE=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24078263/038_166A_3_PUC.SUB.02.09851_C1_UR.jpg"/> <cite>Focus Features</cite>
<figcaption>
Lydia Tár conducts an orchestra, and tries to keep her life as tightly wound.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Uyc988">
Lydia, we slowly come to realize, reached this position of influence in a world in which imitating the lives of the men who came before her seemed like the best way to make it to the top and stay there. Her personal relationships are built atop their professional benefit to her, and her friends know it. Even her more altruistic-looking efforts — commissioning works from female composers, creating opportunities for women to enter the profession — are mainly useful insofar as they promote her, Lydia Tár, and secure her place in history. Her past is littered with not-quite-appropriate relationships with less powerful people, discarded when they pose a threat to her. <em>Tár</em> is the tale of a string being stretched so tightly that the bridge starts to bow and the whole thing threatens to give way.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BP6Wek">
And at its root is a deep class anxiety. The arc of <em>Tár</em> is of a woman terrified, in an almost subconscious way, that the ground beneath the ladder she’s climbed is going to prove shaky. Not quicksand so much as mud — the kind that spatters and cakes on your clean clothes and skin.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6aHZic">
The most apt <a href="https://www.filmcomment.com/blog/women-on-fire-venice-2022/">comparison I’ve read</a> for Lydia was Daniel Plainview, the antihero of <em>There Will Be Blood</em>, a vicious oil tycoon with a finely tuned sense of resentment toward the world wherever it thwarts him. He finds himself, at the end of his days, living in a palatial estate (complete with bowling alley, site of the famous “I drink your milkshake” scene), alone and miserable.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NhpIXJ">
Their lives aren’t perfect matches, but the same principle applies: that they’ve clawed their way up a mountain composed of dead and wounded bodies, and perch atop it with a shiny, composed facade. It’s only through cracks in the veneer that you can glimpse the real person. They are ruthless and bitter and brilliant. Their teeth are always on edge, their jaws always grinding. That Lydia is a woman only adds to it all; she’s not meant to have gotten here in the first place.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="An image of Cate Blanchett, arms outstretched." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/u4z8unEJ0XPC1YV4qBTm0zlFcSA=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24078277/014_74B_1B.SUB.01.0985_JB02_C1_UR.jpg"/> <cite>Focus Features</cite>
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<em>Tár </em>looks incredible, too.
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When it all starts coming apart, then, so does Lydia. <em>Tár </em>tackles the rough but rewarding challenge of portraying the ways that powerful people are sometimes taken down by things that, in a strict sense, aren’t really their fault. The young woman of consenting age whose relationship with Lydia went south, and then found her career heading down the tubes, too. The male graduate student angered by Lydia’s challenge to his career choices, and the video edited to make her look worse than she is. The “cancellation” driven by protesters who don’t really understand what they’re protesting against, but who aren’t exactly wrong about Lydia’s behavior, either. We aren’t asked to sympathize with Lydia, ever; <em>Tár</em> doesn’t think she’s the good guy. (This is not a tiresome movie about how “#MeToo has gone too far” or about the dangers of social media.) But there’s not exactly a villain in this world, either. It’s a bracing, dazzling tightrope walk, and if you feel unsettled at the end, well, then it’s done what it set out to do.
</p>
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After a (much too) long absence from cinema, it’s a relief that Todd Field — whose previous films <em>In the Bedroom</em> and <em>Little Children</em> are devastating examinations of what happens when perfectly constructed realities begin to cave in — has tuned his themes so brilliantly. You can’t just half-watch <em>Tár</em>, your mind drifting or your phone in your hand. It demands your full attention. That’s the mark of good art, but it’s a discipline so many contemporary films aren’t willing to demand from audiences.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vcMxFM">
Which is what makes <em>Tár</em> so incredible. Its bookending scenes, beginning and end, are the subtlest of indicators of what Lydia must deign to do to keep herself afloat; blink, and you’ll miss it. It’s not an “easy” film, exactly. But it so richly rewards the careful viewer that you immediately want to see it again, to see what you couldn’t have known from the start.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2ogqeh">
And if you’re honest with yourself, you don’t just watch <em>Tár</em>; it watches you, too.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UdrkIy">
Tár <em>opens in theaters on October 7.</em>
</p></li>
<li><strong>A Twitter trial would expose Elon Musk to scrutiny. Buying Twitter might help him avoid it.</strong> -
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<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/LE-OavnP2MB-pR_yFLSXbDRGnkQ=/200x0:3005x2104/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71458961/GettyImages_1239416791.7.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Elon Musk at Tesla’s Gigafactory in Gruenheide, Germany, in March. | Patrick Pleul/AFP via Getty Images
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The billionaire might buy Twitter after all — and for once not get his way.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oCOHbh">
Elon Musk wanted to buy Twitter. Then he didn’t. Now, according to a letter he sent to Twitter earlier this week, he does. Yes, again.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sqnfPg">
The news in this months-long saga came the very week<strong> </strong><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/sep/27/elon-musk-deposition-twitter-takeover-deal">he was expected to be deposed</a><strong> </strong>in in a lawsuit Twitter filed against Musk for breach of contract. The exact reasons for his 180 are unknown, but experts told Vox that it shows the Delaware Court of Chancery’s muscle in potentially reining in the richest person in the world’s disregard for convention in his business dealings.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xWbUJ4">
After <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-04/musk-proposes-to-proceed-with-twitter-deal-at-54-20-a-share">Bloomberg first reported</a> on Musk’s renewed offer to Twitter, an SEC filing revealed that Musk <a href="https://sec.report/Document/0001104659-22-105787/">sent Twitter a letter</a> on Monday night saying he wants to buy the company at the price he originally offered: $54.20 per share, amounting to a deal worth around $44 billion. That’s higher than Twitter’s Wednesday stock price.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xz2BX4">
On Thursday, <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23126733-letter-decision-granting-stay">court documents show</a>, the two parties reached an agreement to close the deal, and, at Musk’s request, the Court of Chancery stayed the trial. If the two fail to complete the sale by October 28, however, a new trial date could be scheduled for November.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8IMzxY">
Those closely watching the case say the billionaire’s sudden, unexpected willingness to close a deal that he previously soured on could represent a meaningful break in the Elon Musk narrative — that, at a moment when everyone is watching, he might not get his way. Perhaps that’s why his offer contains one important stipulation: The letter notes that Musk will close the deal “provided that the Delaware Chancery Court enter an immediate stay of the action” and “adjourn the trial.”
</p>
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<div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="INbiEi">
Musk has <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/19/tesla-and-elon-musk-lawsuits-overview.html">gotten into legal trouble</a> before, but he has a track record of coming away from it with victories or minor fines — and <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/23207361/elon-musk-twitter-narrative-billionaire">hardly a ding to his public image</a>. A Twitter trial, should it continue, could be a watershed moment for how the public sees Musk: no longer as the genius, environment-loving tech innovator, but increasingly as a rich man who breaks promises when it benefits him.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="O0s7wn">
Through the ups and downs of the Twitter deal, Musk has faced the court of public opinion, and he’s not coming away unscathed. According to a <a href="https://morningconsult.com/2022/06/23/elon-musk-favorability/">Morning Consult poll from June</a>, US voters have a less favorable impression of him than they did in April, with unfavorability among Democrats jumping to 59 percent. Musk may avoid more reputational damage if the lawsuit ends quickly, because this trial would mark the most high-profile attempt at holding him accountable in the public eye.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jXEdJ5">
As <a href="https://thechancerydaily.substack.com/p/twitter-v-musk-spotlight">explained by the Chancery Daily</a>, which has been providing real-time updates and context on the lawsuit through its Twitter account, “The letter doesn’t say much, it doesn’t do much, but it does mean something. It means that Elon’s mindset has changed.”
</p>
<h3 id="rpcaeo">
Musk may not be above the rules after all
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7gGUjM">
Even if those watching the case take everything Musk does or says with a grain of salt, the letter he sent to Twitter could still be read as a rare public capitulation from a powerful man with a track record of mostly getting his way.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jCVjSX">
Take his multiple run-ins with the SEC. Musk first locked horns with the agency a few years ago when it <a href="https://www.vox.com/2018/9/27/17911568/elon-musk-tesla-sec-tweet-lawsuit-private">sued him for making false and misleading tweets</a> about having secured funding to take Tesla private, making share prices jump. Musk is Tesla’s largest individual shareholder. He and Tesla each paid a $20 million fine — still pretty tame for a billionaire — and Musk agreed to have tweets regarding his companies reviewed internally, a leash Musk chafes at and <a href="https://www.reuters.com/legal/elon-musk-seeks-narrow-sec-consent-decree-end-pre-approval-tweets-2022-09-28/">continues to fight</a>. He has <a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/how-tweets-by-teslas-elon-musk-have-moved-markets-2021-11-08/">continued to tweet about other stocks</a>, like Gamestop and Dogecoin, moving markets. The SEC is also currently investigating Musk for <a href="https://www.protocol.com/sec-elon-musk-twitter-shares">the late disclosure of the Twitter shares</a> he began buying early this year, a move that may have saved him over $143 million.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0flbfE">
There is “definitely some frustration within the four walls at the SEC with trying to get Musk to follow the rules,” according to Josh White, a professor of finance at Vanderbilt University who was formerly an economist at the agency. The SEC has sometimes been <a href="https://www.marketwatch.com/amp/story/secs-efforts-to-rein-in-elon-musks-tweets-have-been-largely-toothless-11622672563">accused of being toothless</a>, though it has recently been ramping up enforcement, including levying a <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2022/10/3/23384955/kim-kardashian-crypto-ethereum-max-emax-sec">$1.26 million fine on Kim Kardashian</a> for failing to properly disclose a crypto-touting ad.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iRrhAd">
<a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2020/5/12/21255812/elon-musk-tesla-factory-coronavirus-reopening">Musk also flouted public health orders</a> by reopening his Tesla factory in May 2020, before officials deemed it safe to do so. He didn’t face any consequences; in fact, <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/13/business/tesla-plant-reopening/index.html">county officials signed off on the move</a> a few days later.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="c4iZ1R">
Musk has been involved in other public skirmishes before. In 2018, Musk infamously called a British cave diver involved in the rescue of a Thai youth soccer team <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-50695593">a “pedo guy” on Twitter</a>. The diver lost his defamation suit against Musk.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pC2snA">
Earlier this year, the Delaware Court of Chancery also <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-04-27/tesla-s-musk-defeats-investor-claims-solarcity-deal-was-improper">ruled in favor of Musk</a> in a lawsuit where Tesla directors accused the CEO of pressuring them to buy SolarCity, a solar energy company Musk helped found, at an inflated price. The <a href="https://twitter.com/AnnMLipton/status/1530339323387777028">plaintiffs are currently appealing that ruling</a> in the Delaware Supreme Court.
</p>
<h3 id="bsq8QK">
The odds against Musk
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MoyV1C">
The Twitter saga is only the latest controversy in which Musk has found himself. Twitter sued Musk in July, asking the court to force him to follow through with a $44 billion acquisition offer he made the company in April and rescinded months later.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7I99SE">
Since then, there’s been a flurry of speculation around whether the social media platform could really win against the billionaire. Legal experts have said <a href="https://www.reuters.com/technology/twitter-has-legal-edge-deal-dispute-with-musk-2022-07-09/">Twitter had a stronger case</a>, but what would happen if <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-07-14/what-if-musk-is-ordered-to-do-twitter-deal-and-he-just-says-no">Musk simply didn’t comply</a> with a court order? The Tesla and SpaceX CEO has a history of publicly undermining regulators and authorities, <a href="https://www.npr.org/2022/06/04/1102327987/elon-musk-sec-tweets-lawsuit-power">most notably the Securities and Exchange Commission</a>. In an interview the day after he offered to buy Twitter, he called <a href="https://www.reuters.com/technology/musk-says-us-sec-bastards-forced-settlement-over-tesla-tweets-2022-04-14/">SEC regulators “bastards.”</a>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="X1id4r">
According to Ann Lipton, a law professor at Tulane University and former corporate litigator, Musk’s case was always weak. (Musk refused to follow through on the purchase of the social media platform on the premise that it had misled him about the number of <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-07-08/musk-says-he-s-terminating-44-billion-deal-to-buy-twitter">spam bots</a>. Twitter has said he reneged because of a market downturn that affected both Twitter and Tesla stock prices.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gNVI9t">
“Every day that passes in this court, it’s been clear that [Musk’s case] is weaker. He’s lost a lot of rulings with the chancellor,” she told Vox.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="k5qNij">
The Delaware Court of Chancery has a history of efficiently ruling on corporate disputes; many businesses, including Twitter, incorporate in Delaware because of its <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/10/corporate-governance/502487/">famously pro-business laws</a>. Kathaleen St. Jude McCormick, the court’s chancellor, has denied most of <a href="https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/delaware-judge-orders-twitter-turn-over-some-data-musk-court-ruling-2022-08-25/">Musk’s broad requests for Twitter data</a> so far. In September, Musk’s lawyer also argued that <a href="https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/musks-lawyer-urges-judge-delay-twitter-trial-due-whistleblower-2022-09-06/">the trial should be delayed</a> till November. That request was denied, too. Then, hundreds of Musk’s personal text messages were released in court documents made public last week.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2FZkHw">
It’s possible that Musk’s text messages played some role in his decision to revive his offer to buy Twitter. The texts revealed the ease with which Musk and other wealthy investors — including Oracle co-founder Larry Ellison, who committed $1 billion to the deal — chatted about coming up with the billions of dollars required for the purchase. In the texts, some of the nation’s wealthiest and most influential people showed excitement at the idea of Musk leading Twitter and turning it into the ultimate platform for uncensored speech.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VO7oSH">
“Especially after the text messages came to light, it was sort of embarrassing for everyone,” Lipton told Vox. “If he was afraid that those investors would get cold feet, that would mean that he could end up buying the company, but with less investor support.”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2kHBtB">
Initially, Musk outwardly behaved as if <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/23207361/elon-musk-twitter-narrative-billionaire">he was one step ahead of Twitter</a>, even <a href="https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1546344529460174849">tweeting a meme</a> implying that the lawsuit would backfire and force Twitter to reveal the truth about its bot problem in court. Proof that Twitter lied about the degree of its bot problem hasn’t surfaced. On the other hand, <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2022/10/1/23381257/elon-musk-texts-twitter-billionaires">Musk’s text messages</a> indicate that in April, before he agreed to buy Twitter, he was already <a href="https://finance.yahoo.com/news/elon-musk-text-messages-revealed-in-twitter-dispute-175049645.html">aware of the issue of fake accounts</a>. That public revelation deflates his argument that he was misled about Twitter’s bots before agreeing to acquire the platform.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="b5EYam">
With his latest offer, Musk isn’t trying to negotiate a lower price — an option <a href="https://www.latimes.com/business/technology/story/2022-05-16/elon-musk-hints-at-negotiating-down-price-on-twitter-purchase">he’s previously hinted at wanting</a>. Instead, it could be an indication that he is aware of where things stand: His case is weaker than Twitter’s, and Twitter is unlikely to settle at a lower price.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jjqUj0">
There’s also Twitter’s value to think about. If Musk began to think the court would force him to be the site’s new owner, Lipton said, dragging the case out could further hurt the price. When Twitter accepted Musk’s offer on April 25, its price was about $51 per share. It <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/11/business/twitter-stock-elon-musk.html">fell by 11 percent</a> on the day Musk announced he was pulling out. Wednesday morning, before it was revealed that Musk wanted to buy again, it was <a href="https://www.wsj.com/market-data/quotes/TWTR/historical-prices">trading around $42.70</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IiawE8">
“He’d end up with a weaker company than he had before,” Lipton said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="f0cnsf">
So if Musk believes he doesn’t have a good chance of winning, agreeing to buy Twitter for $44 billion before <a href="https://www.reuters.com/technology/twitter-revenue-falls-weakening-digital-ad-market-2022-07-22/">any more damage is done to the company</a> might just be the best deal he can get.
</p>
<h3 id="mr8rld">
The winners and losers, if Musk buys Twitter
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Xi3gC2">
If Musk ends up buying Twitter, its shareholders will win big, according to White. (Twitter is currently a publicly traded company; Musk wants to <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2022/04/14/elon-musk-offers-to-buy-twitter-for-54point20-a-share-saying-it-needs-to-be-transformed-as-private-company.html">take it private</a>. If Twitter agrees to his proposal, it will also resurface many of the questions about <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2022/10/4/23387396/musk-twitter-new-deal-44-billion">what else he will do with the social media platform</a>.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cbbNwI">
White says that Musk would be overpaying for Twitter; he estimates that, based on current market conditions, if the deal fell through, the company’s stock would be trading between $10 and $20 per share rather than above $50.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vNehIz">
It would likely be a very different story for Twitter users and employees. The global sentiment around <a href="https://sites.tufts.edu/digitalplanet/the-elon-musk-twitter-takeover-saga-a-multi-country-sentiment-analysis-of-twitter-users/">Musk buying Twitter has been mostly negative</a>, according to a study by Tufts University analyzing sentiments expressed by Twitter users regarding the acquisition. In the US, according to the study, there was a big spike in sadness and anger when Twitter accepted Musk’s bid on April 25. When Musk claimed the deal was on hold in mid-May, there was a rise in angry tweets. Progressives are also already worried about the possibility of a <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2022/10/04/musk-twitter-offer-accepted-00060301">Musk-led Twitter allowing former President Donald Trump</a> back on the platform after he was suspended in January 2021.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PpVe6p">
Given the high price Musk is paying for Twitter, he will likely want to quickly earn a return on his investment, White continued. The text messages released last Thursday showed Musk telling Twitter board chair Bret Taylor that his “biggest concern was headcount and expense growth.” In a <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/23171541/leaked-transcript-elon-musk-first-meeting-twitter-employees">June meeting with Twitter employees</a>, Musk didn’t deny the possibility of layoffs once he took the reins.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qUvVsQ">
Tesla shareholders probably aren’t thrilled either. Tesla’s stock price fell after Musk’s intention to buy Twitter after all became public. White said he believes that it declined in part due to uncertainty over how much more stock Musk might have to sell to come up with $44 billion. In August, he sold <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/10/business/dealbook/elon-musk-tesla-twitter.html">almost $7 billion worth of his Tesla shares</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qeFDxV">
Shareholders might also fear Musk’s ability to lead yet another company on top of Tesla, SpaceX, Neuralink, and the Boring Company. “Every day or every hour he spends working on Twitter — which he will have to, it’s a huge investment for him — that’s one less hour he would spend on Tesla,” White said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4DaixD">
Musk’s unpredictable style and tendency to weigh in on the issues of the day in an inflammatory manner — such as <a href="https://www.npr.org/2022/10/04/1126714896/elon-musk-ukraine-peace-plan-zelenskyy">the Ukraine-Russia war</a> — can also create fallout for the businesses he runs. In June, <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/23178616/elon-musk-twitter-spacex-tesla-employees-fired-letter">SpaceX employees wrote a letter to company executives</a> voicing their concerns about how their CEO’s public behavior reflected on them. Several employees involved in writing the letter were fired.
</p>
<h3 id="jZlDNK">
What happens next
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oeCN3a">
As of October 6, the trial is on pause. Twitter and Musk have agreed to close the deal, but given how tumultuous the acquisition has been, Twitter was likely careful not to agree too hastily.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gscDeL">
“Twitter’s going to want some kind of hard commitment from him that will prevent him from backing out — maybe a court order of some kind,” said Lipton.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="C9d5ZM">
There might also be important details that the public has no idea about. “We don’t see everything,” said Donna Hitscherich, a professor of finance at Columbia Business School. “It ain’t over till it’s over. I think that’s the tagline for this whole thing. [Mergers and acquisitions] deals are complicated under the best of circumstances, and this one added some twists and turns.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2SqSbn">
Whatever the outcome, in the face of his history of avoiding accountability, the possibility of Musk facing consequences this time is meaningful. If he ends up buying Twitter, that would be a win for the courts and the rule of law, White said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zdyWVq">
“As a society, we often view wealth as maybe being above the law,” he noted. Musk might have the resources to hire the best lawyers in the field, but the Court of Chancery’s powers are nothing to scoff at. It can <a href="https://www.inquirer.com/business/technology/elon-musk-twitter-delaware-court-20221003.html">seize some of Musk’s assets</a> — such as his Tesla shares — if he doesn’t comply with a court order.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6fIODv">
“I think this is him conceding defeat,” Lipton said. “And I think he’s doing it in recognition that the law was just not going to go his way.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fIrtju">
<em><strong>Update, October 6, 6:45 pm: </strong></em><em>This story was originally published on October 5, and has been updated to indicate that Twitter and Musk have agreed to a deal, and that the court has stayed the trial. </em>
</p></li>
<li><strong>Elon Musk wants to buy Twitter again, spam bots and all</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Elon Musk Visits Germany" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/o-KrFlcaISjD0hyxjeaz0TAjA_M=/374x0:6347x4480/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71452929/1270402004.14.jpg"/>
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Photo by Maja Hitij/Getty Images
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The world’s richest man has a $44 billion change of heart. (Maybe.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aOGgkd">
Elon Musk wants to buy Twitter for $44 billion. Again.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aqzaFV">
The world’s richest man has told Twitter that he’d like to move forward with the deal he first agreed to in April: <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-04/elon-musk-proposes-to-proceed-with-twitter-deal-at-54-20-a-share-twtr">He wants to pay $54.20 a share for the messaging service</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TaD96o">
The difference between now and last spring, of course, is that in the interim Musk tried to walk away from his signed contract to buy Twitter. And that Twitter sued him to try to enforce that deal, and that the two sides are currently in court preparing for a trial that is scheduled to start October 17 — less than two weeks from now.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MG2tdT">
What changed? We don’t know yet. We do know that Musk is at best unpredictable and that we shouldn’t take anything he says or does at face value. Even if the two sides met in Delaware court on Tuesday to discuss the proposal, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/04/technology/elon-musk-twitter-deal.html">as the New York Times has reported</a>, it doesn’t mean it will go through or that he won’t have another reversal at some point.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5GjPi4">
Here, for the record, is Musk’s letter to Twitter, pledging to agree to the deal he was previously trying get out of, as long as the planned trial comes to a halt.
</p>
<div id="dkOZeC">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
“Gentlemen?”<br/><br/>Did we revert a century or what lol smh<br/><br/>We got the letter from Musk to Twitter via SEC. <br/><br/>In short: “let’s call the whole thing off” <a href="https://t.co/HRkLEZsqU1">pic.twitter.com/HRkLEZsqU1</a>
</p>
— The Chancery Daily (<span class="citation" data-cites="chancery_daily">@chancery_daily</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/chancery_daily/status/1577377535255613442?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">October 4, 2022</a>
</blockquote></div></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oEmHGw">
In the meantime, let’s briefly recap how we got here, and discuss the challenges Musk will face if he actually does end up owning Twitter.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="C9bqfd">
The tl;dr backstory: Last spring, Musk, one of Twitter’s most prolific users, accumulated a 9 percent stake in Twitter but said he wasn’t planning on acquiring the service. Then he agreed to join the company’s board, then decided he didn’t want to do that, and then announced that he wanted to buy Twitter. The company first rejected his offer and then, after looking around for a better alternative, agreed to his terms.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Y1Z28k">
Within weeks of that announcement, though, the market for tech stocks began sliding, as did the value of Tesla shares — Musk’s primary source of wealth. Then Musk, who had announced that one of his goals in acquiring Twitter was to rid it of bots he felt plagued the service, began complaining that Twitter might have too many bots and that the deal “<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/17/business/elon-musk-twitter.html#:~:text=the%20main%20story-,Elon%20Musk%20says%20Twitter%20deal%20'cannot%20move%20forward'%20without%20more,on%20the%20social%20media%20site.&amp;text=As%20a%20subscriber%2C%20you%20have,articles%20to%20give%20each%20month.">couldn’t move forward</a>” until he got more data about that. In July, Musk formally announced that he wanted out of the deal, and then <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2022/07/12/twitter-sues-elon-musk-to-enforce-original-merger-agreement.html">Twitter sued him for breach of contract</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qgMj4k">
The fact that Twitter was trying to force Musk to buy a company that originally didn’t want him as an owner, coupled with the fact that most legal experts believed that Musk had a poor legal case, led to a conventional wisdom among tech observers: At some point, Musk would settle with Twitter, pay some kind of multibillion-dollar penalty, and walk away.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="03oVwP">
The current news wipes away that possibility, for now. So we’re back to the question we started asking back in April: <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/23041717/twitter-musk-business-plan-peter-kafka-column">What will Musk do with Twitter if he actually owns it?</a>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sPePh5">
Remember, the reason Twitter was available for purchase in the first place is that the <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/23025978/elon-musk-twitter-trump-free-speech-business-facebook-youtube">messaging service seems very important</a> to at least a slice of its 238 million active users, but has a <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2022/4/14/23024962/elon-musk-twitter-43-billion-private-analysis">business that’s nowhere near as big or valuable as, say, Meta’s</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iaHKLb">
So in order to change that — and to make Twitter worth at least as much as the $44 billion Musk would shell out to own the company — Musk would face major challenges: He’d need to find a way to increase its user base, cut costs, and<em> </em>generate more revenue.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ypvRqo">
But it became clear, almost immediately, that Musk didn’t have much more than a hunch about what he would do with Twitter if he owned it. An <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/06/technology/elon-musk-twitter-pitch-deck.html">early proposal</a> he floated to prospective investors last spring included entirely fanciful notions, like finding another 750 million users within a few years.
</p>
<div id="yrve5s">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
On the one hand: You should definitely take Elon Musk’s Twitter plans seriously and literally.<br/><br/>On the other hand: Elon Musk says he’s going to increase Twitter’s user base from 217 million to 931 million. So maybe not so much.
</p>
— Peter Kafka (<span class="citation" data-cites="pkafka">@pkafka</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/pkafka/status/1524103561432469506?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">May 10, 2022</a>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gz0IcY">
And the release last week of <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2022/10/1/23381257/elon-musk-texts-twitter-billionaires">text messages Musk received and sent last spring</a> reinforced the notion that Musk, along with some of his richest superfans, wasn’t sure exactly how Musk would do all of this — just that they were sure that a man who pioneered electric cars and sent rockets into space and then landed them back on earth could easily <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2022/09/elon-musk-texts-twitter-trial-jack-dorsey/671619/">solve Twitter</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="46K2ZW">
Now — maybe — we’ll get a chance to see if they were right, after all.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mZr1Bi">
<em><strong>Update, October 6, 6 pm ET: </strong></em><em>The judge presiding over Twitter and Elon Musk’s upcoming trial, originally scheduled for October 17, has </em><a href="https://courts.delaware.gov/Opinions/Download.aspx?id=338820"><em>delayed its start until October 28</em></a><em>. The judge warned that if Musk and Twitter do not work out a deal by then, the trial will be rescheduled for November. </em>
</p>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>MRF Formula 2000 makes a return</strong> - Sports Reporter</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Warner, Starc help Australia sweep series against West Indies</strong> - David Warner’s stroke-filled 75 helped Australia post 178/7; Mitchell Starc’s career-best figures of 4 for 20 restrcited the West Indies to 147/8</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Diya puts it across Aleena</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Terminator and Alexander impress</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Messi out of PSG trip to Reims with minor calf injury</strong> - There are more injury woes for PSG as fullback Nuno Mendes will be out of action for three weeks with a muscle injury while Kylian Mbappe is suffering from a throat infection</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Opposition leader Satheesan visits Daya Bai at endosulfan protest site</strong> - He calls for a lasting solution to the health issues faced by endosulfan victims</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Andhra Pradesh: Raghuveera Reddy hints at re-entering active politics</strong> - He offers prayers for the success of Bharat Jodo Yatra</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Kisan Swaraj Sammelan to be held in Mysuru in November</strong> - More than 1,000 people from 20 States will participate in it</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Colleges in Kerala to be urged extra caution in selection of buses for excursions</strong> - The Palakkad accident has triggered debate over whether students exercised disproportionate say in the selection of buses, because of which those with excessively illuminated dancefloor-like interiors and high-decibel sound systems were often engaged for tours</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>APSRTC strategy of operating special buses during Dasara at no extra cost pays off</strong> - The State-owned corporation has so far earned a revenue of ₹5.5 crore on the 2,100 special buses it plied across the State</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ales Bialiatski: Who is the Nobel Peace Prize winner?</strong> - The jailed activist has spent decades fighting Aleksander Lukashenko’s authoritarian rule in Belarus.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Complutense University: ‘Macho, repugnant’: Spanish PM condemns students’ chant</strong> - Videos have circulated for days of male students chanting obscene misogynistic abuse in Madrid.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Europe energy crisis: Italians told to turn thermostats down</strong> - Italy becomes the latest European country to impose energy-saving rules ahead of winter.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>EU leaders consider how to cap gas prices</strong> - At a summit in Prague, 27 countries are asked to agree measures to protect consumers from soaring bills.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Eurovision 2023: Glasgow and Liverpool await decision on UK host city</strong> - Glasgow and Liverpool will find out on Friday which will stage the Eurovision Song Contest next May.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What happened to the virtual reality gaming revolution?</strong> - VR hasn’t taken over the world, but that doesn’t mean it has failed. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1885995">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Rocket Report: Falcon Heavy launch on tap; South Korea seeks Russia alternative</strong> - Also, the Ariane 6 rocket is inching closer to the launch pad. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1887499">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Acer’s AMD-powered Swift Edge laptop is a gentle reminder of the Intel tax</strong> - The AMD-based Swift Edge is bigger and OLED-ier than the Intel-based Swift ultralight. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1887624">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Judge delays Musk/Twitter trial, gives them three weeks to complete merger [Updated]</strong> - Musk asked judge to cancel trial, claiming Twitter won’t “take yes for an answer.” - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1887793">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>2K warns users their info has been stolen following breach of its help desk</strong> - Stolen data includes names, email addresses, console IDs, and gamertags. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1887894">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>President Biden has called for full legalization of marijuana</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Now it is up to Congress to hold a joint session.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Henri_Dupont"> /u/Henri_Dupont </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/xxlekg/president_biden_has_called_for_full_legalization/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/xxlekg/president_biden_has_called_for_full_legalization/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>Two Jewish guys are walking…..</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
when one notices a sign on a Catholic church that says “Convert to Christianity, and we’ll give you $100.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The one says to the other, “should we do it??” The other says “NO!! Are you crazy?” The first guy replies “Hey, a hundred dollars is a hundred dollars… I’m gonna do it.” So he walks in to the church, and little while later, he walks back out. The friend says “well, did you get the money?” He replies “Oh that’s all you people think about, isn’t it??”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/vect77"> /u/vect77 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/xx9ob2/two_jewish_guys_are_walking/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/xx9ob2/two_jewish_guys_are_walking/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>Elon Musk lands on Mars and steps out of his spaceship</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“It’s a small step for a man, but a giant leap for mankind,” says ground control officer and cuts off all communications.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Atlas421"> /u/Atlas421 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/xxqyyn/elon_musk_lands_on_mars_and_steps_out_of_his/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/xxqyyn/elon_musk_lands_on_mars_and_steps_out_of_his/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>Four rabbis are having a debate</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Four rabbis are debating scripture out in the garden, and one of them notices he’s continuously outvoted by the other three even though he’s absolutely certain he’s right. At a certain point, his frustration gets the best of him and he stands up, raises his hands and and says “My Lord, you must know that this is the right way, gives us a sign to let us know!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
As soon as he has spoken, a cloud materializes out of nowhere, moves in front of the sun and dissolves again.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The other three look at him, at each other, go “Well… That was certainly unusual, but the weather’s been acting up a bit lately, so this does not really mean anything”, and just continue with the discussion unmoved.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The fourth rabbi, increasingly desperate, again stands up and calls out “My Lord, they continue to defy your word, please send another sign to help them see the error of their ways!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
This time, it’s not just one cloud, but the entire sky darkens, a thunderclap sounds and a bolt of lightning hits <em>just</em> next to the other three rabbis. They’re startled, but after catching their breath conclude that no, you don’t see that every day, but it’s late summer, thunderstorms can come in surprisingly quickly, we’re out in an open garden, there’s no lightning rod on top of the synagogue even though there <em>really</em> should be, etc. So this still doesn’t mean anything, we’ll stick with our viewpoints thank you very much.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Now absolutely livid and still outvoted, the fourth rabbi gets up one final time, stamps his feet, raises his hands and shouts “Oh Lord, you who created all, for the love of your peope and the ways of the world, make your will known, so that it must be clear even to these stubborn mules!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
And a booming voice fills the sky, “<strong>HE IS CORRECT</strong>”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The other three rabbis look up, look down to their colleague, and finally one says:
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“That’s still three against two”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Super-Office5235"> /u/Super-Office5235 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/xxt7ji/four_rabbis_are_having_a_debate/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/xxt7ji/four_rabbis_are_having_a_debate/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>a Scottish man walks into a bar in canada</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He noticed there is an animal’s head hanging on the wall and asked the bartender what is it
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“A moose” replied the bartender
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Jesus christ! How big are the cats here?” Said the scot
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/DerRaumdenker"> /u/DerRaumdenker </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/xwyxmb/a_scottish_man_walks_into_a_bar_in_canada/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/xwyxmb/a_scottish_man_walks_into_a_bar_in_canada/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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