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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Contacts and behaviours of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic at the start of the 2020/21 academic year</strong> -
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CONQUEST (COroNavirus QUESTionnaire) is an online survey of contacts, behaviour, and COVID-19 symptoms for University of Bristol (UoB) staff/students. We analysed survey results from the start of the 2020/2021 academic year, prior to the second national lockdown (14/09/2020-01/11/2020), where COVID-19 outbreaks led to lockdown of some student halls of residence. The aim of these analyses was to enhance knowledge of student contact patterns to inform infection disease mathematical modelling approaches. Responses captured information on demographics, contacts on the previous day, symptoms and self-isolation during the prior week, and COVID-19 status. 740 students provided 1261 unique records. Of 42 (3%) students testing positive in the prior fortnight, 99% had been self-isolating. The median number of contacts on the previous day was 2 (interquartile range: 1-5), mode: 1, mean: 6.1; 8% had ≥20 contacts. 57% of student contacts were other UoB students/staff. Most students reported few daily contacts but there was heterogeneity, and some reported many. Around 40% of student contacts were with individuals not affiliated with UoB, indicating potential for transmission to non-students/staff.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.09.20246421v1" target="_blank">Contacts and behaviours of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic at the start of the 2020/21 academic year</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Through The Back Door: Expiratory Accumulation of SARS-Cov-2 in the Olfactory Mucosa as Mechanism for CNS Penetration</strong> -
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SARS-CoV-2 is a respiratory virus supposed to enter the organism through aerosol or fomite transmission to the nose, eyes and oropharynx. It is responsible for various clinical symptoms, including hyposmia and other neurological ones. Current literature suggests the olfactory mucosa as a port of entry to the CNS, but how the virus reaches the olfactory groove is still unknown. Because the first neurological symptoms of invasion (hyposmia) do not correspond to first signs of infection, the hypothesis of direct contact through airborne droplets during primary infection and therefore during inspiration is not plausible. The aim of this study is to evaluate if a secondary spread to the olfactory groove in a retrograde manner during expiration could be more probable.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.09.20242396v1" target="_blank">Through The Back Door: Expiratory Accumulation of SARS-Cov-2 in the Olfactory Mucosa as Mechanism for CNS Penetration</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Development and assessment of the performance of a shared ventilatory system that uses clinically available components to individualize tidal volumes</strong> -
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OBJECTIVES To develop and assess the performance of a system for shared ventilation that uses clinically available components to individualize tidal volumes under a variety of clinically relevant conditions. DESIGN Evaluation and in vitro validation study. SETTING Ventilator shortage during the SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic. PARTICIPANTS The design and validation team consisted of intensive care physicians, bioengineers, computer programmers, and representatives from the medtech sector. METHODS Using standard clinical components, a system of shared ventilation consisting of two ventilatory limbs was assembled and connected to a single ventilator. Individual monitors for each circuit were developed using widely available equipment and open source software. System performance was determined under 2 sets of conditions. First, the effect of altering ventilator settings (Inspiratory Pressure, Respiratory rate, I:E ratio) on the tidal volumes delivered to each lung circuit was determined. Second, the impact of altering the compliance and resistance in one simulated lung circuit on the tidal volumes delivered to that lung and the second lung circuit was determined. All measurements at each setting were repeated three times to determine the variability in the system. RESULTS The system permitted accurate and reproducible titration of tidal volumes to each lung circuit over a wide range of ventilator settings and simulated lung conditions. Alteration of ventilator inspiratory pressures stepwise from 4-20cm H2O, of respiratory rates from 6-20 breaths/minute and I:E ratio from 1:1 to 1:4 resulted in near identical tidal volumes delivered under each set of conditions to each simulated lung. Stepwise alteration of compliance and resistance in one test lung circuit resulted in reproducible alterations in tidal volume to the test lung, with little change to tidal volumes in the control lung (a change of only 6% is noted). All tidal volumes delivered were highly reproducible upon repetition. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the reliability of a simple shared ventilation system assembled using commonly available clinical components that allows individual titration of tidal volumes. This system may be useful as a temporary strategy of last resort where the numbers of patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation exceeds supply of ventilators.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.09.20246165v1" target="_blank">Development and assessment of the performance of a shared ventilatory system that uses clinically available components to individualize tidal volumes</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Risk of adverse outcomes with COVID-19 in the Republic of Ireland</strong> -
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Aims To compare the risk of adverse outcomes (i.e. hospital/intensive care admission, death) in population sub-groups during two periods of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland. Methods We analysed routinely-collected, publicly-available data on 67,900 people with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 infection between 29th Feb to 14th Nov 2020. This period encompassed two waves of infection and two corresponding national lockdowns. For two observational periods covering each wave (W1, W2), each ending 17-19 days before implementation of high-level national restrictions, we segmented the population based on age and underlying clinical conditions. Results The prevalence of laboratory confirmed COVID-19 was 1.4%. The risk of admission to hospital, admission to intensive care, and death was 7.2%, 0.9%, and 2.5%, respectively. Compared to younger confirmed cases, those aged ≥65 y had increased risk of hospital admission (RR 5.61), ICU admission (RR 3.56), and death (RR 60.8). W2 was associated with more cases and fewer adverse events than W1. The risk of all adverse outcomes was reduced in W2 than in W1. Conclusions Ongoing responses should consider the variation in risk of adverse outcomes between specific sub-groups. These findings indicate the need to sustain the prevention, identification and management of noncommunicable diseases to reduce the burden of COVID-19.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.09.20246363v1" target="_blank">Risk of adverse outcomes with COVID-19 in the Republic of Ireland</a>
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<li><strong>Untargeted metabolomics of COVID-19 patient serum reveals potential prognostic markers of both severity and outcome.</strong> -
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The diagnosis of COVID-19 is normally based on the qualitative detection of viral nucleic acid sequences. Properties of the host response are not measured but are key in determining outcome. Although metabolic profiles are well suited to capture host state, existing metabolomics studies are either underpowered, measure only a restricted subset of metabolites (9targeted metabolomics9), compare infected individuals against uninfected control cohorts that are not suitably matched, or do not provide a compact predictive model. We here provide a well-powered, untargeted metabolomics assessment of 120 COVID-19 patient samples acquired at hospital admission. The study aims to predict patient9s infection severity (i.e. mild or severe) and potential outcome (i.e. discharged or deceased). High resolution untargeted LC-MS/MS analysis was performed on patient serum using both positive and negative ionization. A subset of 20 intermediary metabolites predictive of severity or outcome were selected based on univariate statistical significance and a multiple predictor Bayesian logistic regression model. The predictors were selected for their relevant biological function and include cytosine (reflecting viral load), kynurenine (reflecting host inflammatory response), nicotinuric acid, and multiple short chain acylcarnitines (energy metabolism) among others. Currently, this approach predicts outcome and severity with a Monte Carlo cross validated area under the ROC curve of 0.792 (SD 0.09) and 0.793 (SD 0.08), respectively. Prognostic tests based on the markers discussed in this paper could allow improvement in the planning of COVID-19 patient treatment.
</p>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.09.20246389v1" target="_blank">Untargeted metabolomics of COVID-19 patient serum reveals potential prognostic markers of both severity and outcome.</a>
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<li><strong>Clinical characteristics of critically ill patients with COVID-19</strong> -
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Objective Describe the clinical and respiratory characteristics of critical patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Design Observational and retrospective study over 6 months. Setting Intensive care unit (ICU) of a high complexity hospital in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Patients Patients older than 18 years with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 were included in the study. Variables of interest Demographic characteristics such as sex and age, comorbidities, laboratory results, imaging results, ventilatory mechanics data, complications, and mortality were recorded. Results A total of 168 critically ill patients with COVID-19 were included. 66% were men with a median age of 65 years (58-75. 79.7% had at least one comorbidity. The most frequent comorbidity was arterial hypertension, affecting 52.4% of the patients. 67.9 % required invasive mechanical ventilation (MV), and no patient was treated with non-invasive ventilation. Most of the patients in MV (73.7%) required neuromuscular blockade due to severe hypoxemia. 36% of patients were ventilated in the prone position. The length of stay in the ICU was 13 days (6-24) and the mortality in the ICU was 25%. Conclusions In this study of critical patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 in a high-complexity hospital, the majority were comorbid elderly men, a large percentage required invasive mechanical ventilation, and ICU mortality was 25%.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.09.20246413v1" target="_blank">Clinical characteristics of critically ill patients with COVID-19</a>
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<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 hospitalised patients in Switzerland: a prospective cohort profile</strong> -
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Background. SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19, which emerged in China in late 2019, rapidly spread across the world causing several million victims in 213 countries. Switzerland was severely hit by the virus, with 439000 confirmed cases as of September 1st, 2020. Aim. In cooperation with the Federal Office of Public Health, we set up a surveillance database in February 2020 to monitor hospitalised patients with COVID-19 in addition to their mandatory reporting system. Methods. Patients hospitalised for more than 24 hours with a positive PCR test, from 20 Swiss hospitals, are included. Data collection follows a custom Case Report Form based on WHO recommendations and adapted to local needs. Nosocomial infections were defined as infections for which the onset of symptoms started more than 5 days after the patient9s admission date. Results. As of September 1st, 2020, 3645 patients were included. Most patients were male (2168 - 59.5%),and aged between 50 and 89 years (2778 - 76.2%), with a median age of 68 (IQR 54-79). Community infections dominated with 3249 (89.0%) reports. Comorbidities were frequently reported: hypertension (1481 - 61.7%), cardiovascular diseases (948 - 39.5%), and diabetes (660 - 27.5%) being the most frequent in adults; respiratory diseases and asthma (4 - 21.1%), haematological and oncological diseases (3 - 15.8%) being the most frequent in children. Complications occurred in 2679 (73.4%) episodes, mostly for respiratory diseases (2470 - 93.2% in adults, 16 - 55.2% in children), renal (681 - 25.7%) and cardiac (631 - 23.8%) complication for adults. The second and third most frequent complications in children affected the digestive system and the liver (7 - 24.1%). A targeted treatment was given in 1299 (35.6%) episodes, mostly with hydroxychloroquine (989 - 76.1%). Intensive care units stays were reported in 578 (15.8%) episodes. 527 (14.5%) deaths were registered, all among adults. Conclusion. The surveillance system has been successfully initiated and provides a very representative set of data for Switzerland. We therefore consider it to be a valuable addition to the existing mandatory reporting, providing more precise information on the epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical course of these cases.
</p>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.10.20246884v1" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 hospitalised patients in Switzerland: a prospective cohort profile</a>
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<li><strong>Into the SARS-CoV-2 playgrounds: investigating the origins of the Belgian second wave, from an Antwerp perspective</strong> -
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Background: Belgium has been struggling with a second pandemic wave caused by SARS-CoV-2. Aim: The goal of this study was to estimate rates of carriership and viral loads in the general population in order to evaluate the dynamics leading to the second wave. Methods: Since the major Antwerp hospitals implemented extensive (pre-)admission SARS-CoV-2 screening of patients (eg. prior to elective surgery), they have gathered valuable information regarding the viral prevalence, incidence, and viral loads in the general population throughout the pandemic period. Prevalences and incidences were calculated and compared with available governmental data (numbers of positively tested and contacted cases). Major government coronavirus responses were taken into account. Results: The overall positivity rate of (pre)admission screenings was 1.3% (35.4% of positive cases carrying high viral loads). The highest prevalence of carriership was found in the elderly (2.6% for +80 y). 0-18 year-olds tested positive in 0.9% of cases. We estimated that, by extrapolation of cohort data, 20.3 % of the Antwerp population contracted the virus, whereas only 3.0 % was tested positive. In September, restriction measures were eased at a time when increased incidences were being observed. Conclusion: The estimation that only a small proportion of the positive cases (including cases with high viral loads) was detected and traced, in combination with a country-wide easing of restriction measures within a period of increasing incidences (and within an overall high base-line prevalence of the virus), were, in our opinion, the major drivers in the origin of the second pandemic wave.
</p>
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.09.20246462v1" target="_blank">Into the SARS-CoV-2 playgrounds: investigating the origins of the Belgian second wave, from an Antwerp perspective</a>
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<li><strong>Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses pre- and post- COVID-19 convalescent plasma transfusion in patients with severe respiratory failure: an observational case-control study</strong> -
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OBJECTIVES To investigate if COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) transfusion in patients with severe respiratory failure will increase plasma levels of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody titers while improving survival and clinical outcomes. DESIGN Observational, retrospective, control study of anti-RBD of SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM titers from serial plasma samples drawn before and after CCP administration. Clinical improvement in CCP recipients is assessed and compared to COVID-19 control patients. SETTING Patients hospitalized with severe COVID19, United States, between April 17 and July 19, 2020 PARTICIPANTS 34 patients hospitalized with severe or life threatening COVID-19 and who consented and received a CCP transfusion, 95 control patients with COVID-19 not transfused with CCP. 34 out the 95 control patients were matched for age, sex, and the level of respiratory support required. Patients less than 18 years old were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serial trends of anti-RBD of SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM titers in CCP recipients are compared to those in control patients. The primary outcome is survival at 30 days, and the secondary outcomes are length of ventilator and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support, length of stay (LOS) in the hospital, and LOS in the ICU. RESULTS CCP transfusion occurred in 34 patients at a median of 11 days following COVID-19 symptom onset. Immediately prior to CCP transfusion, patients median SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM titers were 3200 (IQR, 50 to 9600) and 320 (IQR, 40 to 640) respectively. Following a Loess regression analysis, the kinetics and distribution of anti-RBD of SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM in plasma from CCP recipients were comparable to those from a control group of 68 patients who did not receive CCP. CCP recipients presented with similar survival, similar duration on ventilator and/or ECMO support, as well as ICU and hospital LOS, compared to a matched control group of 34 patients. CONCLUSION In the present study, hospitalized COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory failure transfused with CCP presented with high titers of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies before transfusion and did not show improved survival at 30 days.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.10.20247007v1" target="_blank">Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses pre- and post- COVID-19 convalescent plasma transfusion in patients with severe respiratory failure: an observational case-control study</a>
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<li><strong>High Frequency and Prevalence of Community-Based Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection</strong> -
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Approximately 20-40% of SARS-CoV-2 infection is asymptomatic; however, data are limited on drivers of such infection. Among over 730,000 SARS-CoV-2 test results in Los Angeles between August-October, 2020, we found heterogenous frequencies of asymptomatic infection among various sup-populations. Further research is needed to delineate drivers of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.09.20246249v1" target="_blank">High Frequency and Prevalence of Community-Based Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection</a>
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<li><strong>COVID-19 Test Strategy to Guide Quarantine Interval in University Students</strong> -
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BACKGROUND: Following COVID-19 exposure, the CDC recommends a 10-14 day quarantine for asymptomatic individuals and more recently a 7 day quarantine with a negative PCR test. We performed a university-based prospective student cohort study to determine if early PCR negativity predicts day 14 negativity. METHODS: We enrolled 101 asymptomatic, quarantining, students, performed nasopharyngeal swabs for viral testing on days 3 or 4, 5, 7, 10 and 14 and determined the proportion of concordant negative results for each day versus day 14 with a two-sided 95% exact binomial confidence interval. RESULTS: Overall, 14 of 90 (16%, 95% CI: 9% - 25%) tested positive while in quarantine, with 7 initial positive tests on day 3 or 4, 5 on day 5, 2 on day 7, and none on day 10 or 14. Rates of concordant negative test results are: day 5 vs. day 14 = 45/50 (90%, 95% CI: 78% - 97%); day 7 vs. day 14 = 47/52 (90%, 95% CI: 79% - 97%); day 10 vs. day 14 = 48/53 (91%, 95% CI:79% - 97%), with no evidence of different negative rates between earlier days and day 14 by McNemars test, p &gt; 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: The 16% positive rate supports the ongoing need to quarantine close contacts of COVID-19 cases, but this prospective study provides the first direct evidence that exposed asymptomatic students ages 18-44 years in a university setting are at low risk if released from quarantine at 7 days if they test negative PCR test prior to release.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.09.20246785v1" target="_blank">COVID-19 Test Strategy to Guide Quarantine Interval in University Students</a>
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<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immunity in renal transplant and haemodialysis patients treated with convalescent plasma</strong> -
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Background. When patients with chronic kidney disease are infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) they can face two specific problems: Virus-specific immune responses may be impaired and remdesivir, an antiviral drug described to shorten the time to recovery, is contraindicated. Antiviral treatment with convalescent plasma could be an alternative treatment option. Methods. In this case series we present two kidney transplant recipients and two patients dependent on haemodialysis who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and received convalescent plasma. Antibodies against the spike 1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 were determined sequentially by IgG ELISA and neutralization assay and specific T cell responses by interferon-gamma ELISpot. Results. Prior to treatment, in three patients antibodies were undetectable by ELISA (ratio &lt; 1.1), corresponding to low neutralizing antibody titers (≤ 1:40). One patient was also negative to the ELISpot and two showed weak responses. After convalescent plasma treatment we observed an increase of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies (IgG ratio and neutralization titer) and of specific T cell responses. After intermittent clinical improvement one kidney transplant recipient again developed typical symptoms at day 12 after treatment and received a second cycle of convalescent plasma treatment. Altogether, three patients clinically improved and could be discharged from hospital. However, one multimorbid female in her early eighties deceased. Conclusions. Our data suggest that the success of convalescent plasma therapy may only be temporary in patients with chronic kidney disease; which requires an adaptation of the treatment regimen. Close monitoring after treatment is needed for this patient group.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.09.20239673v1" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immunity in renal transplant and haemodialysis patients treated with convalescent plasma</a>
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<li><strong>BNT162b2 induces SARS-CoV-2-neutralising antibodies and T cells in humans</strong> -
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BNT162b2, a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulated nucleoside-modified messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein (S) stabilized in the prefusion conformation, has demonstrated 95% efficacy to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Recently, we reported preliminary BNT162b2 safety and antibody response data from an ongoing placebo-controlled, observer-blinded phase 1/2 vaccine trial. We present here antibody and T cell responses from a second, non-randomized open-label phase 1/2 trial in healthy adults, 19-55 years of age, after BNT162b2 prime/boost vaccination at 1 to 30 μg dose levels. BNT162b2 elicited strong antibody responses, with S-binding IgG concentrations above those in a COVID-19 human convalescent sample (HCS) panel. Day 29 (7 days post-boost) SARS-CoV-2 serum 50% neutralising geometric mean titers were 0.3-fold (1 μg) to 3.3-fold (30 μg) those of the HCS panel. The BNT162b2-elicited sera neutralised pseudoviruses with diverse SARS-CoV-2 S variants. Concurrently, in most participants, S-specific CD8+ and T helper type 1 (TH1) CD4+ T cells had expanded, with a high fraction producing interferon-γ (IFNγ). Using peptide MHC multimers, the epitopes recognised by several BNT162b2-induced CD8+ T cells when presented on frequent MHC alleles were identified. CD8+ T cells were shown to be of the early-differentiated effector-memory phenotype, with single specificities reaching 0.01-3% of circulating CD8+ T cells. In summary, vaccination with BNT162b2 at well tolerated doses elicits a combined adaptive humoral and cellular immune response, which together may contribute to protection against COVID-19.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.09.20245175v1" target="_blank">BNT162b2 induces SARS-CoV-2-neutralising antibodies and T cells in humans</a>
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<li><strong>Analysis of the specificity of the SD Biosensor Standard Q Ag-Test based on Slovak mass testing data</strong> -
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From 31.10. - 1.11. 2020 Slovakia has used the SD Biosensor Standard Q Ag-Test for nationwide tests for SARS-CoV-2, in which 3,625,332 persons from 79 counties were tested. Based on this data, we calculate that the specificity of the test is at least 99.6% (with a 97.5% one-sided lower confidence bound). Our analysis is based on a worst case approach in which all positives are assumed to be false positives. Therefore, the actual specificity is expected to exceed 99.6%.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.08.20246090v1" target="_blank">Analysis of the specificity of the SD Biosensor Standard Q Ag-Test based on Slovak mass testing data</a>
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<li><strong>Impact of Convalescent Plasma Transfusion (CCP) In Patients With Previous Circulating Neutralizing Antibodies (nAb) to COVID-19</strong> -
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INTRODUCTION - COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) transfusion has emerged in the past months as an alternative approach to treat pneumonia cases of SARS-CoV-2. Current evidence regarding characteristics of the plasma product, the titer of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) in the transfused units, time to onset of intervention, and impact of nAbs produced by the patient are limited and heterogeneous. MATERIAL AND METHODS - We describe the preliminary results of 104 patients with severe pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 transfused with CCP at three medical centers in Brazil. All enrolled patients were transfused with doses between 200 mL through 600mL of ABO compatible CCP on days 0-2 after enrolment. Clinical parameters were monitored and nAbs titration was performed using the cytopathic effect-based virus neutralization test with SARS-CoV-2 (GenBank MT126808.1). RESULTS - Forty-one patients achieved clinical improvement on day 14, and multivariable logistic regression showed that nAbs T (from CCP units transfused) (p=0.001), nAbs P0 (on day of enrolment) (p=0.009) and use of other supportive therapies (p&lt;0.001) were associated with higher odds for this clinical improvement. Considering ICU length of stay (LOS) and length of mechanical ventilation, in our analysis, nAbs P0 were associated with a significant reduction in ICU LOS (p=0.018) and duration of mechanical ventilation (p&lt;0.001). Administration of CCP after 10 days of symptom onset was associated with increases in ICU length of stay (p&lt;0.001). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION - Despite the study limitations, our data have shown an association between patients previously acquired nAbs and clinical outcomes. The potential value of timely administration of CCP transfusion before day 10 of disease onset was demonstrated and nAbsP0, but not nAbsT, were associated with ICU LOS, and duration of mechanical ventilation on the improvement of clinical outcomes was also demonstrated. In conclusion, we consider these data are useful parameters to guide future CPP transfusion strategies to COVID19.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.08.20246173v1" target="_blank">Impact of Convalescent Plasma Transfusion (CCP) In Patients With Previous Circulating Neutralizing Antibodies (nAb) to COVID-19</a>
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</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ivermectin for Severe COVID-19 Management</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Ivermectin<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University;   NeuTec Pharma<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Phase II / III Study of COVID-19 DNA Vaccine (AG0302-COVID19)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Group A (AG0302-COVID19);   Biological: Group A (Placebo);   Biological: Group B (AG0302-COVID19);   Biological: Group B (Placebo)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   AnGes, Inc.;   Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Resolving Inflammatory Storm in COVID-19 Patients by Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids -</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Omegaven®;   Drug: Sodium chloride<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Karolinska University Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sarilumab Treatment In cytoKinE Storm Caused by Infection With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Drug Treatment<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Sarilumab<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra;   Sanofi;   Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Protective Potential of Exercise Training on the Cardiopulmonary Morbidity After COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19, SARS-CoV2<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: High intensity interval training;   Behavioral: Standard care<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Rigshospitalet, Denmark<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Efficacy, Safety and Immunogenicity Study of Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine for Preventing Against COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (Vero cell);   Biological: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Convalescent Plasma for Treatment of COVID-19: An Open Randomised Controlled Trial</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma;   Other: Standard of care<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Joakim Dillner;   Karolinska Institutet;   Danderyd Hospital;   Falu Hospital<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy and Safety of TY027, a Treatment for COVID-19, in Humans</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19)<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: TY027;   Other: 0.9% saline<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Tychan Pte Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Use of BCG Vaccine as a Preventive Measure for COVID-19 in Health Care Workers</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID 19 Vaccine<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: BCG vaccine<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro;   Ministry of Science and Technology, Brazil<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>At-Home Infusion Using Bamlanivimab in Participants With Mild to Moderate COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: bamlanivimab<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Daniel Griffin, MD PhD;   Eli Lilly and Company;   Optum, Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 And Geko Evaluation: The CAGE Study</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Device: geko T3<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Lawson Health Research Institute<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study of FOY-305 in Patients With SARS-Cov-2 Infection (COVID-19)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   SARS-CoV-2 Infection (COVID-19)<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: FOY-305;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Ono Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Clinical Safety Study on AT-100 in Treating Adults With Severe COVID-19 Infection</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: AT-100<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Airway Therapeutics, Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>LYT-100 in Post-acute COVID-19 Respiratory Disease</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: LYT-100;   Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   PureTech;   Clinipace Worldwide;   Novotech (Australia) Pty Limited<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>WHO COVID-19 Solidarity Trial for COVID-19 Treatments</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Remdesivir;   Drug: Acalabrutinib;   Drug: Interferon beta-1a;   Other: Standard of Care<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   The University of The West Indies<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Proton pump inhibitors and the risk of severe COVID-19: a post-hoc analysis from the Korean nationwide cohort</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Silybin B and Cianidanol Inhibit M pro and Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2: Evidence from in Silico Molecular Docking Studies</strong> - CONCLUSION: Silybin B and Cianidanol showed excellent binding and ADME properties compared with the currently endeavored drugs and can be exploited as therapeutic options against SARS-CoV-2 infection after experimental validation and clinical trials.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Natural Products Homoharringtonine and Emetine Alkaloids for SARSCoV-2 Treatment Options</strong> - CONCLUSION: This review specifically focuses on the recent findings of these alkaloids against coronaviruses and possible treatment options for SARS-CoV-2. It is expected that natural products as alkaloids from herbal plants could be considered as novel and valuable candidates for the new antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Protease-activated receptor 1 as a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19</strong> - Acute respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has spread all over the world, since its discovery in 2019, Wuhan, China. This disease is called COVID-19 and already killed over 1 million people worldwide. The clinical symptoms include fever, dry cough, dyspnea, headache, dizziness, generalized weakness, vomiting, and diarrhea. Unfortunately, so far, there is no validated vaccine, and its management consists mainly of supportive care. Venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Entry into Host Cells Using Small Molecules</strong> - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a virus belonging to the Coronavirus family, is now known to cause Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) which was first recognized in December 2019. Covid-19 leads to respiratory illnesses ranging from mild infections to pneumonia and lung failure. Strikingly, within a few months of its first report, Covid-19 has spread worldwide at an exceptionally high speed and it has caused enormous human casualties. As yet, there is no specific…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Topoisomerase 1 inhibition therapy protects against SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation and death in animal models</strong> - The ongoing pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently affecting millions of lives worldwide. Large retrospective studies indicate that an elevated level of inflammatory cytokines and pro-inflammatory factors are associated with both increased disease severity and mortality. Here, using multidimensional epigenetic, transcriptional, in vitro and in vivo analyses, we report that Topoisomerase 1 (Top1) inhibition suppresses lethal inflammation…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Amilorides inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro by targeting RNA structures</strong> - The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and the likelihood of future coronavirus pandemics, has rendered our understanding of coronavirus biology more essential than ever. Small molecule chemical probes offer to both reveal novel aspects of virus replication and to serve as leads for antiviral therapeutic development. The RNA-biased amiloride scaffold was recently tuned to target a viral RNA structure critical for translation in enterovirus 71, ultimately uncovering a novel mechanism to modulate positive-sense…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ca (2+) -dependent mechanism of membrane insertion and destabilization by the SARS-CoV-2 fusion peptide</strong> - Cell penetration after recognition of the SARS-CoV-2 virus by the ACE2 receptor, and the fusion of its viral envelope membrane with cellular membranes, are the early steps of infectivity. A region of the Spike protein (S) of the virus, identified as the “fusion peptide” (FP), is liberated at its N-terminal site by a specific cleavage occurring in concert with the interaction of the receptor binding domain of the Spike. Studies have shown that penetration is enhanced by the required binding of Ca…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Repurposing the Ebola and Marburg Virus Inhibitors Tilorone, Quinacrine and Pyronaridine: In vitro Activity Against SARS-CoV-2 and Potential Mechanisms</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 is a newly identified virus that has resulted in over 1.3 M deaths globally and over 59 M cases globally to date. Small molecule inhibitors that reverse disease severity have proven difficult to discover. One of the key approaches that has been widely applied in an effort to speed up the translation of drugs is drug repurposing. A few drugs have shown in vitro activity against Ebola virus and demonstrated activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vivo . Most notably the RNA polymerase targeting…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A proposed molecular mechanism for pathogenesis of severe RNA-viral pulmonary infections</strong> - Background: Certain riboviruses can cause severe pulmonary complications leading to death in some infected patients. We propose that DNA damage induced-apoptosis accelerates viral release, triggered by depletion of host RNA binding proteins (RBPs) from nuclear RNA bound to replicating viral sequences. Methods: Information theory-based analysis of interactions between RBPs and individual sequences in the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Influenza A (H3N1), HIV-1, and…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Emerging role of artificial intelligence in therapeutics for COVID-19: a systematic review</strong> - To elucidate the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in therapeutics for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Five databases were searched (December 2019-May 2020). We included both published and pre-print original articles in English that applied AI, machine learning or deep learning in drug repurposing, novel drug discovery, vaccine and antibody development for COVID-19. Out of 31 studies included, 16 studies applied AI for drug repurposing, whereas 10 studies utilized AI for novel drug…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Heparan sulfate assists SARS-CoV-2 in cell entry and can be targeted by approved drugs in vitro</strong> - The cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 has emerged as an attractive drug repurposing target for COVID-19. Here we combine genetics and chemical perturbation to demonstrate that ACE2-mediated entry of SARS-Cov and CoV-2 requires the cell surface heparan sulfate (HS) as an assisting cofactor: ablation of genes involved in HS biosynthesis or incubating cells with a HS mimetic both inhibit Spike-mediated viral entry. We show that heparin/HS binds to Spike directly, and facilitates the attachment of…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Targeting viral genome synthesis as broad-spectrum approach against RNA virus infections</strong> - Zoonotic spillover, i.e. pathogen transmission from animal to human, has repeatedly introduced RNA viruses into the human population. In some cases, where these viruses were then efficiently transmitted between humans, they caused large disease outbreaks such as the 1918 flu pandemic or, more recently, outbreaks of Ebola and Coronavirus disease. These examples demonstrate that RNA viruses pose an immense burden on individual and public health with outbreaks threatening the economy and social…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mechanistic Aspects and Therapeutic Potential of Quercetin against COVID-19-Associated Acute Kidney Injury</strong> - The inflammatory mediator and oxidant agent storm caused by the SARS-CoV-2 infection has been strongly associated with the failure of vital organs observed in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the death of thousands of infected people around the world. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common renal disorder characterized by a sudden and sustained decrease in renal function with a critical influence on poor prognosis and lethal clinical outcomes of various…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Lectin Protein as a Promising Component to Functionalize Micelles, Liposomes and Lipid NPs against Coronavirus</strong> - The outbreak of a novel strain coronavirus as the causative agent of COVID-19 pneumonia, first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019, has resulted in considerable focus on virulence abilities of coronavirus. Lectins are natural proteins with the ability to bind specific carbohydrates related to various microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. Lectins have the ability to agglutinate and neutralize these pathogeneses. The delivery of the encapsulated antiviral agents…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>“AYURVEDIC PROPRIETARY MEDICINE FOR TREATMENT OF SEVERWE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS 2 (SARS-COV-2.”</strong> - AbstractAyurvedic Proprietary Medicine for treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)In one of the aspect of the present invention it is provided that Polyherbal combinations called Coufex (syrup) is prepared as Ayurvedic Proprietary Medicine , Aqueous Extracts Mixing with Sugar Syrup form the following herbal aqueous extract coriandrum sativum was used for the formulation of protek.Further another Polyherbal combination protek as syrup is prepared by the combining an aqueous extract of the medicinal herbs including Emblica officinalis, Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica, Aegle marmelos, Zingiber officinale, Ocimum sanctum, Adatoda zeylanica, Piper lingum, Andrographis panivulata, Coriandrum sativum, Tinospora cordiofolia, cuminum cyminum,piper nigrum was used for the formulation of Coufex.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Haptens, hapten conjugates, compositions thereof and method for their preparation and use</strong> - A method for performing a multiplexed diagnostic assay, such as for two or more different targets in a sample, is described. One embodiment comprised contacting the sample with two or more specific binding moieties that bind specifically to two or more different targets. The two or more specific binding moieties are conjugated to different haptens, and at least one of the haptens is an oxazole, a pyrazole, a thiazole, a nitroaryl compound other than dinitrophenyl, a benzofurazan, a triterpene, a urea, a thiourea, a rotenoid, a coumarin, a cyclolignan, a heterobiaryl, an azo aryl, or a benzodiazepine. The sample is contacted with two or more different anti-hapten antibodies that can be detected separately. The two or more different anti-hapten antibodies may be conjugated to different detectable labels.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>疫苗融合蛋白</strong> - 本申请涉及一种融合蛋白，所述融合蛋白包括SARS‑CoV‑2抗原多肽和鞭毛蛋白或其片段。本申请还提供了所述融合蛋白的制备方法和用途。本申请所述的融合蛋白能够诱导机体产生针对SARS‑CoV类病毒的抗原的细胞免疫反应。</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>AN EFFICIENT METHODOLOGY TO MANAGE THE ADMISSIONS IN HOSPITALS DURING THE PANDEMICS SUCH AS COVID 19</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>一种SARS-CoV-2假病毒小鼠体内包装系统及其制备方法</strong> - 本发明提供了一种假病毒小鼠体内包装系统的制备方法，包括以下步骤：S1基于慢病毒包装质粒系统和睡美人转座子系统构建SARS‑CoV‑2假病毒包装质粒系统，S2将步骤S1中SARS‑CoV‑2假病毒包装质粒系统与睡美人转座酶表达质粒混合通过水动力注射的方式转染小鼠肝细胞，然后睡美人转座子系统将SARS‑CoV‑2假病毒包装所需序列以剪切粘贴的方式整合到小鼠肝细胞的基因组。本发明可在小鼠体内持续制造分泌SARS‑CoV‑2假病毒，可模拟靶器官被SARS‑CoV‑2病毒持续侵入攻击的过程，从而可模拟出新冠肺炎（COVID‑19）的病理特征。基于SARS‑CoV‑2假病毒小鼠体内包装系统的动物模型安全性高，不需要P3级实验室就能开展研究。利用水动力注射的方式引入SARS‑CoV‑2假病毒包装质粒系统操作简单，成本低。</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>柴胡解毒药物组合物及其制备方法和应用</strong> - 本发明属于中药领域，具体涉及一种柴胡解毒药物组合物及其制备方法和应用，所述柴胡解毒药物组合物以质量份计由如下原料组分制成：柴胡30<sub>60份，黄芩15</sub>30份，法半夏15<sub>30份，生姜15</sub>30份，大枣5<sub>10份，枳实20</sub>40份，大黄10<sub>20份，桃仁10</sub>20份，白芍15~30份。本发明的柴胡解毒药物组合物能够显著改善普通型COVID‑19引起的咳嗽；能改善疫毒闭肺型重型COVID‑19引起的咳嗽，显著改善疫毒闭肺型重型COVID‑19引起的胸闷、气短和乏力等主要症状。另外经大量临床观察，本发明的柴胡解毒药物组合物能够显著改善疫毒闭肺型重型COVID‑19引起的发热面红，咳嗽，痰黄粘少，或痰中带血，喘憋气促，疲乏倦怠，口干苦粘，大便不畅，小便短赤等症状。</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>一种新型冠状病毒RBD核苷酸序列、优化方法与应用</strong> - 本发明公开了一种新型冠状病毒RBD核苷酸序列、优化方法与应用。属于基因工程技术领域。优化步骤：（1）对野生型新型冠状病毒RBD核苷酸序列进行初步优化；（2）将宿主细胞特异性高表达分泌蛋白信号肽序列进行优化；（3）将人IgG1‑Fc核苷酸序列进行优化；（4）将步骤（2）优化后的宿主细胞特异性高表达分泌蛋白信号肽核苷酸序列、步骤（1）得到的初步优化新型冠状病毒RBD核苷酸序列、连接子核苷酸序列和步骤（3）优化后的人IgG1‑Fc核苷酸序列依次连接即可。与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果：产生的克隆表达效率比野生新型冠状病毒RBD序列提高了约12倍，比中国仓鼠密码子偏性优化序列克隆表达效率提高了2倍。</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ASSISTING COMPLEX FOR TAKING OF BIOMATERIAL FROM MOUTH IN PANDEMIC CONDITIONS</strong> - FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine, namely to methods for contactless taking of biomaterial in tested person. Taking the biomaterial in the tested person is carried out in a room located in a dirty zone and separated by a partition from the clean zone, in which there is a laboratory assistant performing the procedure using a robotic complex. Complex includes digital controller, manipulator with tool unit, small manipulator, camera, monitor, control system of digital controller, manipulator, small manipulator, and complex control system. In the partition there are two holes: one – for installation and passage of the swab, the other – for the test tube installation. In the dirty zone there is a small manipulator having two actuators: one for movement of a test tube with a swab, and the second for positioning and placing a disposable mouthpiece. EFFECT: reduced risk of laboratory assistant and tested person infection by avoiding their direct contact. 17 cl, 1 dwg</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Antiinfektive Arzneiform zur Herstellung einer Nasenspülung gegen COVID-19</strong> -</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Einzeldosierte, wasserlösliche oder wassermischbare Arzneiform, umfassend mindestens einen antiinfektiven Arzneistoff, zur Herstellung einer Nasenspülung und/oder zur Verwendung in der lokalen Behandlung des menschlichen Nasenraums.</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Antiinfektive Arzneiform zur Herstellung einer Nasenspülung gegen COVID-19</strong> -</p>
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</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Einzeldosierte, wasserlösliche oder wassermischbare Arzneiform, umfassend mindestens einen antiinfektiven Arzneistoff, zur Herstellung einer Nasenspülung und/oder zur Verwendung in der lokalen Behandlung des menschlichen Nasenraums.</p>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Dianne Feinstein’s Missteps Raise a Painful Age Question Among Senate Democrats</strong> - Older lawmakers’ foibles and infirmities are coming under new scrutiny, violating an unspoken culture of complicity and coverup. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/dianne-feinsteins-missteps-raise-a-painful-age-question-among-senate-democrats">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Distinct Political Paths of Barack Obama and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez</strong> - In elevating the New York congresswoman and gently criticizing her ideas, Obama has opened up a new conversation in the Democratic Party. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-distinct-political-paths-of-barack-obama-and-alexandria-ocasio-cortez">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Britain’s Vaccine Program Brings Joy and Chauvinism</strong> - Brexit colors a rare bright day in the country’s management of the pandemic. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-the-uk/britains-vaccine-program-brings-joy-and-chauvinism">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>It’s Not Just Trump’s War on Democracy Anymore</strong> - Republicans have gone far beyond merely humoring their losing leader. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-trumps-washington/its-not-just-trumps-war-on-democracy-anymore">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Billionaires Who Profited from the Pandemic Should Help Pay for Our Recovery</strong> - A new plan from the United Kingdom suggests that a onetime pandemic levy on a country’s wealthiest citizens could be the most practical and ethical way to pay for stimulus plans. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-billionaires-who-profited-from-the-pandemic-should-help-pay-for-our-recovery">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>The FDA is preparing to authorize the first Covid-19 vaccine in the US</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="An elderly couple wearing protective face masks walk past the Pfizer Inc. headquarters where the wall reads, “Science will win,” on December 9, 2020, in New York City." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/NWV19gkREY1u7KOZPc8X0E6aSIc=/543x0:4703x3120/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/68493783/GettyImages_1230032451.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
The Covid-19 vaccine developed by Pfizer and BioNTech has been recommended for an emergency use authorization by the FDA’s vaccine advisors. | Angela Weiss/AFP via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The first doses of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine are expected to ship soon.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fQb7ag">
An advisory committee to the Food and Drug Administration has voted 17 to 4, with 1 abstention, to recommend emergency use authorization (EUA) to the first vaccine for <a href="https://www.vox.com/coronavirus-covid19">Covid-19</a> in the United States. In response, FDA officials said Friday the agency will <a href="https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-statement-vaccines-and-related-biological-products-advisory-committee-meeting">accept the committee’s recommendation</a> and work to issue the EUA as soon as possible.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YTLOEB">
The highly anticipated vote means health workers facing high exposure to the disease and residents of long-term care facilities could start receiving the first doses of the two-dose vaccine, developed by <a href="https://www.vox.com/22163957/fda-pfizer-covid-19-vaccine-biontech-eua-meeting-approval">Pfizer and BioNTech</a>, within days. The first <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/24/world/pfizer-vaccine-distribution.html">6.4 million doses</a> could ship as soon as Friday once the EUA is issued.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3QeUod">
The <a href="https://www.fda.gov/advisory-committees/advisory-committee-calendar/vaccines-and-related-biological-products-advisory-committee-december-10-2020-meeting-announcement">Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee</a> held the vote Thursday after an all-day public meeting to consider the emergency use authorization request (EUA) for Pfizer and BioNTech’s Covid-19 vaccine candidate. The committee specifically voted on whether the benefits of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine outweigh the risks in people aged 16 years and older.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tQXhUx">
That a vaccine for a disease only discovered late<strong> </strong>last year would be ready so quickly is already an unmatched scientific feat, but the fact that it’s also based on a <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/8/13/21359025/coronavirus-vaccine-covid-19-moderna-oxford-mrna-adenovirus">new technology</a> that yielded 95 percent efficacy in preventing disease makes the announcement all the more remarkable.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wvtoxZ">
“We will take what we have heard today into consideration when deciding not only the EUA issuance here but also how to move forward on the end licensure of this product,” said Marion Gruber, director of the Office of Vaccines Research and Review at the FDA.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oOwO5u">
The approval of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine in the US follows green lights from regulatory agencies in <a href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/vaccine-rollout-plan-phac-1.5833912">Canada</a> and the <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/12/2/21983642/uk-first-approves-pfizer-vaccine-biontech-covid-19">United Kingdom</a>. Next week, the vaccine advisory committee will consider another EUA for the Covid-19 vaccine using a similar approach developed by <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/11/30/21726327/moderna-covid-19-vaccine-results">Moderna</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pSDY0F">
But a vote for authorization isn’t the final word for getting people immunized against the deadly disease. The FDA must still issue a formal EUA.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="513ntb">
Then the vaccine will be shipped to health facilities and administered in two doses. These steps present their own challenges, ranging from keeping the vaccine at the <a href="https://www.vox.com/21552934/moderna-pfizer-covid-19-vaccine-biontech-coronavirus-cold-chain">frigid temperatures</a> it requires to getting patients to come back for a follow-up shot. Meanwhile, many of the health systems administering shots are struggling to care for a huge surge of <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/11/12/21560902/covid-19-risk-hospitalizations-chart-texas-illinois">hospitalized Covid-19 patients</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tG7AdO">
This rollout will be part of the largest vaccination effort in history. But there will not be enough doses for everyone at the outset, even for people placed at the front of the line. Pfizer and BioNTech expect to produce 50 million doses of their vaccine around the world before the end of the year, enough for 25 million people — half of which has been pledged for the US. The first doses to roll out will be a <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/12/10/21611674/covid-19-vaccine-pfizer-biontech-fda-distribution-hospitals">crucial test</a> of the vaccine distribution system in the United States, as well as a test of public acceptance and of the integrity of the clinical trial process.
</p>
<h3 id="iNd8nq">
The Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine is cleared for emergency approval. Now what?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4UDflv">
One of the first challenges for the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine is getting it where it needs to go. That’s complicated by the fact that the vaccine requires temperatures of minus 70 degrees Celsius (minus 94 degrees Fahrenheit) or lower, some of the coldest temperature constraints of any Covid-19 vaccine under development. Maintaining the <a href="https://www.vox.com/21552934/moderna-pfizer-covid-19-vaccine-biontech-coronavirus-cold-chain">cold chain</a> from factories to distribution hubs to hospitals is crucial; otherwise, the vaccine may spoil and become ineffective.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2dnnZL">
Pfizer has developed its own temperature-controlled shipping containers that use dry ice to maintain the recommended temperatures for their vaccine for up to 10 days. But longer storage will require ultra-cold freezers, and not many clinics have the requisite hardware, so timing the shipments will be key. There may also be shortages of <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2020/12/09/covid-vaccine-dry-ice-sales-skyrocket-as-hospitals-prepare-to-deliver-shots.html">dry ice</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZoFvE0">
The next hurdle is figuring out who gets the vaccine first. The 6.4 million doses available at the outset are nowhere near enough to quench the raging Covid-19 pandemic that is still reaching new peaks in daily<strong> </strong>hospitalizations and fatalities.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aQVhV8">
An advisory committee to the <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/12/2/21754854/covid-19-vaccine-cdc-advisory-recommendation">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> voted at the beginning of this month on a set of guidelines that prioritize health care personnel, as well as staff and residents of long-term care facilities. But these groups alone add up to about <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/meetings/downloads/slides-2020-12/COVID-02-Dooling.pdf">24 million people</a>, so states and local governments and health groups are having to narrow these groups further.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Qm1dJA">
Pfizer and BioNTech’s vaccine also has to be administered as two doses spaced 21 days apart. That poses a problem because experiences with other vaccines show that <a href="https://www.vox.com/coronavirus-covid19/22163315/covid-19-vaccines-doses-pfizer-moderna">people are really bad at getting follow-up shots</a>. As many as half of patients failed to get their second dose of the hepatitis B vaccine, for example. For the Covid-19 vaccine, side effects from the first dose, scheduling conflicts, or supply shortages may inhibit recipients from getting the second dose.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7CUQGE">
The good news is that the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine may offer some protection against Covid-19 from the first dose, although it takes a few days for the shielding to build up. In fact, some experts, including former FDA commissioner Scott Gottlieb, argued that the entire allotment of doses should be given to as many people as possible, as fast as possible, rather than withholding injections to give to people as second shots.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tYJVKR">
“We should get as many shots in our arms as possible right away,” he told <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2020/12/07/covid-vaccine-pfizer-board-member-disagrees-us-distribution-plan/3860363001/">USA Today</a> on Monday. “The idea that we need to cut (the doses) in half and give half of it now and hold onto it, so we have supply in January to get the second dose … I just fundamentally disagree with that.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RK4s0B">
But other experts say <a href="https://twitter.com/fperrywilson/status/1337130432261984256">there isn’t yet enough data</a> on a single dose to know whether it will provide enough protection from the virus for the broader population.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7hj1HJ">
Meanwhile, the FDA is likely to authorize another Covid-19 vaccine in the coming weeks, clearing the way for the distribution of 25 million doses of the Moderna vaccine, enough for 12.5 million people on the two-dose regimen.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fm9dEI">
Moncef Slaoui, the scientific lead for Operation Warp Speed, the program from the Department of Health and Human Services to accelerate and deploy Covid-19 vaccines, said he expects 20 million Americans will be vaccinated in December, 30 million more in January, and 50 million more in February as more vaccines with promising early results are approved.
</p>
<h3 id="Rb2nGD">
The clinical trials for Covid-19 vaccines must continue, but they’re going to get harder to complete as placebo participants leave to get vaccinated
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AelNjj">
An EUA is a critical step, but it’s not full approval, and it signals that the FDA still wants answers to key questions, like long-term safety. The standards for an EUA for a vaccine is that there is an urgent public health need, the proposed vaccine may have a beneficial effect, and that there are no approved alternatives. The FDA also set a minimum threshold of 50 percent efficacy for a Covid-19 vaccine, a line that several vaccines have completely vaulted.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2D8tD5">
So far, Pfizer and BioNTech are only reporting two months of observational safety for their phase 3 clinical trial, although the companies have committed to continue monitoring their more than 43,000 trial participants.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="P0ohzK">
But at the same time, Covid-19 is spreading rampantly in the United States, and more than 20,000 people in Pfizer and BioNTech’s trial have received a placebo rather than the actual vaccine, leaving them vulnerable to the disease. Of the 178 reported cases of Covid-19 in the trial pool, 169 were in the placebo group. Of those, 9 in the placebo group and 1 in the vaccine group experienced severe Covid-19. As time goes on, more people in the placebo group will likely get sick and some will fall severely ill, requiring hospitalization. Without intervention, some of these people in the placebo group may die.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RrWJDE">
The EUA now presents a huge dilemma for the clinical trial. People in the placebo group may be at risk of Covid-19, but if they receive the vaccine, it would diminish the value of the trial and make it harder to answer questions about safety and efficacy, particularly in vulnerable subgroups like older adults.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xXkmlw">
And since this is a double-blind clinical trial, neither the recipients nor the companies know who received the vaccine and who received the placebo. Vaccinating the placebo group would require breaking this blind, and if participants find out which group they’re in, they could change their behavior. People who received the vaccine may engage in riskier behavior while people in the placebo group may end up taking more precautions if they decide not to get vaccinated themselves. Those changes in behavior will make it harder to isolate the effects of the vaccine.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eQNf0D">
William C. Gruber, senior vice president for vaccine clinical research and development for Pfizer, told the FDA vaccine advisory committee on Thursday that the company has an ethical obligation to inform trial participants that the vaccine has received an EUA, but they are working on coming up with ways to maintain the integrity of the trial as much as possible.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="CdXpXp">
“Eligible participants in the placebo group will have the option to receive the vaccine,” Gruber said. “We are currently in discussions with the FDA about the best way to vaccinate placebo recipients.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tDoiqS">
Gruber added that the study will continue for 24 months regardless, with ongoing monitoring of the trial participants. This sort of large-scale and long-term follow-up is key because there may be rare complications that emerge that weren’t detected over a shorter time frame or were not present in the selected pool of participants in the trial.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="t1gt4i">
Already, the rollout of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine in the UK has revealed that people with <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/people-with-severe-allergies-shouldnt-get-covid-19-vaccine-says-u-k-regulator-after-reactions-11607515727">severe allergies</a> could face complications.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="djxzlt">
“[T]he expectation would be that subjects with known severe reaction — allergic reaction — should not take the vaccine until we understand exactly what happened here,” Slaoui <a href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/independent-panel-scrutinize-vaccine-public-meeting/story?id=74626659">told reporters</a> on Wednesday.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SpF0Ep">
More people receiving this inoculation will further clarify any problems and concerns. But it will take months before the vaccine will start to constrain new Covid-19 cases since tens of millions of people would need to have immunity before the spread starts to slow down. And while the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine has demonstrated effectiveness against disease, it’s still not clear how well it prevents asymptomatic infection. Scientists don’t yet know if people who are vaccinated could still transmit the virus to other people without getting sick themselves.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="blJHXt">
That means that until there is widespread vaccination, hospitals will still be battling severe Covid-19 as case numbers reach grim new heights. And handwashing, social distancing, and mark-wearing will remain the orders of the day for months to come, even for people lucky enough to receive a vaccine.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KmF48j">
</p></li>
<li><strong>RSVP now: Dr. Fauci joins Today, Explained for a live conversation</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/wEQ_9NDSwptYM1zyjXMCAaLtZBM=/313x0:3648x2501/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/68496267/TodayExplained_Email_03__1_.0.png"/>
<figcaption>
Vox
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Sign up for this free event happening on December 14.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QNjxn4">
Worldwide, as of December 11, 2020, the <a href="https://www.vox.com/coronavirus-covid19">coronavirus</a> has taken nearly <a href="https://www.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6">1.6 million</a> lives — and changed billions.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DLb7Du">
Join <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/5/12/21255101/who-is-dr-anthony-fauci-coronavirus-aids">Dr. Anthony Fauci</a> and <a href="https://www.vox.com/today-explained"><em>Today, Explained</em></a> host <a href="https://www.vox.com/authors/sean-rameswaram">Sean Rameswaram</a> on Monday, December 14, at 4 pm ET for a <a href="https://voxmediaevents.com/todayexplainedlive/vox">live virtual discussion</a> on how this year has changed all of us and how it has impacted Fauci personally and professionally. Vox reporter <a href="https://www.vox.com/authors/umair-irfan">Umair Irfan</a> will also join to talk about what’s next for the coronavirus pandemic, including the latest <a href="https://www.vox.com/22167841/pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccine-approved-fda-eua-coronavirus">Pfizer/BioNTech Covid-19 vaccine news</a>, and answer some of your questions about the upcoming vaccine rollout in the US.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IP6laA">
This event is free for everyone. <a href="https://voxmediaevents.com/todayexplainedlive/vox"><strong>RSVP now to reserve your spot</strong></a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pQ7cp9">
This live conversation will become part of the <em>Today, Explained</em> upcoming podcast series “You, Me, and Covid-19,” looking back on how the coronavirus has fundamentally reshaped our world. Through reporting, listener reflections, and interviews, the team will examine how Covid-19 changed our relationships with each other and the places we live, upended our livelihoods, and redefined what we thought of as “normal.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Bvgv2O">
The first episode of the series drops on Monday, December 21, and continues through that week. Subscribe to <em>Today, Explained </em>wherever you listen to podcasts — including <a href="https://go.redirectingat.com/?id=66960X1516588&amp;xs=1&amp;url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/today-explained/id1346207297?mt=2&amp;referrer=vox.com&amp;sref=https://www.vox.com/21430923/fake-news-disinformation-misinformation-conspiracy-theory-coronavirus&amp;xcust=___vx__e_21194964__r_vox.com/today-explained__t_w_" rel="sponsored nofollow noopener" target="_blank"><strong>Apple Podcasts</strong></a>, <a href="https://www.google.com/podcasts?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly9yc3MuYXJ0MTkuY29tL3RvZGF5LWV4cGxhaW5lZA%3D%3D"><strong>Google Podcasts</strong></a>, and <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/3pXx5SXzXwJxnf4A5pWN2A"><strong>Spotify</strong></a><strong> </strong>— so you don’t miss an episode.
</p></li>
<li><strong>Americans want to cancel student loans — but not all of them</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A graduation ceremony at the University of California Los Angeles on June 14." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Ft-jtXmYlp5HSPhxc0uvpRc_Ryw=/326x0:2993x2000/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/68496242/GettyImages_1151695902.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Robyn Beck/AFP via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Student debt forgiveness is especially popular among people with student debt. Those without it are more split.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Z1h9UW">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WhGAIN">
Is it a good idea to forgive <a href="https://www.vox.com/videos/2019/8/6/20750351/student-debt-cancel-data-video">student debt</a>? The answer is complicated and, ultimately, driven by politics — not only political will but also political popularity.
</p>
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Some critics <a href="https://twitter.com/DamonLinker/status/1328166615507230720">have suggested</a> that if <a href="https://www.vox.com/joe-biden">President-elect Joe Biden</a> were to unilaterally take action to cancel some or all student loan debt, it would be a disaster for Democrats and cause major backlash from many voters. That’s not the likeliest outcome, based on polls, but it’s not a clear political win either.
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A <a href="https://filesforprogress.org/datasets/2020/12/dfp_vox_student_debt.pdf">poll from Vox and Data for Progress</a> found that a majority of likely voters support forgiving some student loan debt up to a certain amount and in certain situations, but the popularity of the idea varies among voters based on age and other characteristics.
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Two-thirds of voters say they would support canceling $10,000 in student loan debt for every year someone works in national or community service (up to give years). More than half of voters support canceling $50,000 of debt without the service requirement, but the idea is more politically palatable if the program targets debtors making less than $125,000 a year. Only about four in 10 likely voters, however, support forgiving all student debt.
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Student debt forgiveness, once a fringe idea, has moved into the mainstream, and many Democrats and progressives are calling on Biden to act. Proponents argue that canceling student debt is a way to stimulate the economy during the Covid-19 pandemic — though reasonable minds can disagree about how effective a stimulus it would be — as well as an issue of justice. Black borrowers carry a heavier student debt burden than whites, and people have been encouraged to take on sometimes enormous amounts of debt for an education, even if that debt will be a drag on their economic lives for decades.
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But beyond the mechanics of the proposal, it’s obviously a political question. Namely, if Biden goes through with it — which Sens. Chuck Schumer and Elizabeth Warren are pushing him to do — and cancels up to $50,000 for every borrower, how will it play?
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According to the Vox/Data for Progress polling, 51 percent of likely voters would support Biden canceling up to $50,000 of student loan debt for people making less than $125,000 a year.
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When you separate the responses by existing debt levels, it becomes clear that the idea is <a href="https://filesforprogress.org/datasets/2020/12/dfp_vox_student_debt_by_debt.pdf">much more popular among those with student debt</a> than it is among those without it. It’s also more popular with Democrats, women, people younger than 45, and Black voters than with Republicans, men, older voters, and whites. Fifty-one percent of both college-educated and non-college-educated respondents said they would support canceling the debt.
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Other polls have similarly found that canceling some student debt is a <a href="https://thehill.com/hilltv/rising/461106-majority-of-voters-support-free-college-eliminating-student-debt">moderately popular idea</a>, and it’s pretty well liked among much of the Democratic base — Black voters and middle-class professionals — who helped hand Biden the election.
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If Democrats do go ahead with student debt forgiveness via executive order, they could pair it with an action that would benefit non-college-educated people, such as <a href="https://www.epi.org/publication/a-first-step-to-fifteen/">requiring federal contractors</a> to pay a $15 minimum wage. That would benefit millions of workers. And it’s not clear how many people — other than those it directly impacts — will notice the effects of student debt cancellation.
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Proponents of forgiveness say they hope that by taking one big Democratic ask off the table, they can open the door to making progress on other issues related to the affordability of higher education, namely ones that would require congressional action.
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“Everybody advocating for student debt cancellation also thinks we should fix the [cost] problem,” said Suzanne Kahn, director of education, jobs, and worker power at the Roosevelt Institute and an advocate for complete cancellation of federal student debt. “The order of the conversation we’re having is a direct result of Covid and the fact that this is a simulative action that Biden can take without Congress.”
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The debate over student debt isn’t going away. Neither is the problem that got us here in the first place.
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One reason student debt is now at the forefront of the political conversation is that years of activism helped put it there. Another reason is that it’s a prevalent issue in so many people’s lives.
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Some 45 million Americans have student debt. And while <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2020/10/09/who-owes-the-most-in-student-loans-new-data-from-the-fed/">households with graduate degrees</a> are the ones with the most education debt, the problem affects people of all races, across incomes and education levels. In fact, some of those in the worst situation when it comes to their student debt are people who started college but didn’t finish. They often struggle to pay off their debt in part because they aren’t getting the income benefit that often comes with a college degree.
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“We have lured people into high-cost colleges by offering these student loans … and maybe we should recognize that and at least cancel some of the pain that we have encouraged people to take on,” said Bob Shireman, director of higher education excellence and a senior fellow at the Century Foundation.
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Regardless of whether Biden ultimately decides to cancel debt on his own, the problem of the price of higher education and how it’s financed is not going away. Indeed, if he were to cancel all debt tomorrow, there would still be millions of students across the country incurring new debt unless the entire system is overhauled.
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“We need a Congress that’s willing to have that conversation,” Shireman said. “We cannot address the broader affordability questions, the broader affordability problem, without Congress and the administration working together.”
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Vishnu Prasad, Amir scorch the track</strong> - MSport boys Vishnu Prasad (Chennai) and Amir Sayed (Kottayam) dominated the opening day’s proceedings in the 23rd JK Tyre-FMSCI National racing champi</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Silver Flames claims Evatina Plate</strong> - Trainer Altaf Hussain’s ward Silver Flames (P. Trevor astride) won the Evatina Plate, the main event of the Mumbai races held here on of Friday. The w</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Aus vs Ind warm-up | All-round Jasprit Bumrah headlines opening day for India</strong> - Indians however came back strongly with the ball to bundle out Australia for 108 at stumps as 20 wickets fell on a rain-curtailed day.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Green suffers concussion after being hit on the head by Bumrah’s drive</strong> - The 21-year-old was unable to react in time when Bumrah’s full blooded drive slipped through his palms and struck on the right side of the head.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Rohit Sharma clears fitness test at Bengaluru’s NCA</strong> - Rohit had sustained a hamstring injury during the IPL, which led to him missing the white-ball leg of the ongoing tour.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Residents of Tukkapur live in fear</strong> - Huge sounds of blasting make them sleepless</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Enrol young blood, Kishan tells party</strong> - 98% of youth are not aligned with any party, Union Minister tells BJP leadership</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Panel to probe infants’ death in Kota</strong> - Nine infants died at the State-run J.K. Lon Hospital on Wednesday and Thursday</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>KSEB seeks legal advice on transmission charges</strong> - The Kerala State Electricity Board (KSEB) has sought legal advice on options before it with a High Court Single Bench rejecting its plea against the n</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Bihar govt. raises paddy procurement limit for farmers</strong> - CM Kumar chairs meeting to hike quotas, ensure MSP for farmers registered with PACS</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Covid: Trials to test combination of Oxford and Sputnik vaccines</strong> - The aim is to see whether mixing two vaccines could improve protection against Covid-19.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Covid: Record deaths in Germany and Russia</strong> - Germany is facing calls for a second lockdown before Christmas.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Climate change: EU leaders set 55% target for CO2 emissions cut</strong> - All-night talks lead to a goal of cutting CO2 emissions by 55% by 2030, rather than 40%.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>EU breaks deadlock over €1.8tn budget and Covid-recovery fund</strong> - A compromise was reached with Hungary and Poland who had threatened a veto over the rule-of-law clause.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Covid-19: France moves to night-time curfew from 15 December</strong> - A stay-at-home rule will still end on 15 December, but the new curfew will begin - and include New Year’s Eve.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Wormable code-execution flaw in Jabber has a severity rating of 9.9 out of 10</strong> - The company failed to adequately fix the vulnerability before, so it’s trying again. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1729160">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Working from home at 25MHz: You could do worse than a Quadra 700 (even in 2020)</strong> - Famously, Apple’s Quadra 700 once helped track dinosaurs. Is it stuck in amber nowadays? - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1728362">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Rocket Report: SN8 meets its fate, SLS Green Run tests to resume next week</strong> - “We’re not going to have big issues that cause us to stand down.” - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1729011">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>More Disney 2021 plans: Kate McKinnon as Elizabeth Holmes, Y: The Last Man on FX</strong> - Wait… they got Mahershala Ali to revive <em>Blade</em>, too? - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1729153">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Visa and MasterCard ban Pornhub over abusive videos</strong> - New York Times columnist Nick Kristof inspired increased scrutiny of Pornhub. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1729168">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Macaroni, a Penne and a Spaghetti were drinking wine in a bar one evening. They saw a noodle sitting by himself and discussed inviting him to join them.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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They all agreed he looked Cannelloni.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/LOUDCO-HD"> /u/LOUDCO-HD </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kasrnr/a_macaroni_a_penne_and_a_spaghetti_were_drinking/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kasrnr/a_macaroni_a_penne_and_a_spaghetti_were_drinking/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Late one night a man is driving down the road, speeding quite a bit. A cop notices how fast he is going and pulls him over.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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The cop says to the man, “Are you aware of how fast you were going?”
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The man replies, “Yes I am. I’m trying to escape a robbery I got involved in.”
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The cop gives him a skeptical look and asks, “Were you the one being robbed?”
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“No, I committed the robbery,” the man casually says.
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“So you’re telling me you were speeding…AND committed a robbery?” the cop responds, shocked.
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“Yes,” the man says calmly. “I have the loot in the back.”
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The cop begins to get angry. “Sir, I’m afraid you have to come with me.” With that, the cop reaches in the window to subdue the man.
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“Don’t do that!” the man suddenly yells. “I’m scared you’ll find the gun in my glove compartment!” The cop pulls his hand out. “Wait here,” he says. The cop calls for backup. Soon cops, cars, and helicopters are flooding the area. The man is cuffed quickly and taken towards a car.
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However, before he gets in, a cop walks up to him and says, while gesturing to the cop that pulled him over, “Sir, this officer informed us that you had committed a robbery, had stolen loot in the trunk of your car, and had a loaded gun in your glove compartment. However, we found none of these things in your car.”
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The man replies, “Yeah, and I bet that liar said I was speeding too!”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/AmbitiousPart7"> /u/AmbitiousPart7 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kayuzj/late_one_night_a_man_is_driving_down_the_road/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kayuzj/late_one_night_a_man_is_driving_down_the_road/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A white scientist is studying a tribe in Africa</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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A white scientist is studying an African tribe.
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One day, the tribe leaders wife has a white son.
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The tribe leader approaches the scientist soon after.
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“Well, we both know what happened here. No one else could have done it. You slept with my wife, I have to kill you.” The tribe leader says.
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The scientist’s brow furrows as he is deep in thought.
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“No no no sir there’s been a terrible misunderstanding!” The scientist exclaims. “Look out at the pasture.” He points his index finger to the fields, where a flock of sheep are grazing.
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“Yes, what is the matter? It’s just sheep.” The tribe leader asks.
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“Do you see that sheep? It’s black, while the rest of the sheep are white. The same can be said about your son, It simply happens sometimes in nature.”
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The tribe leader grasps the scientists shoulders and stares him down intensely.
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“I won’t say anything about my son if you don’t say anything about that sheep”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/LullaBellaBoo"> /u/LullaBellaBoo </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kaj5hd/a_white_scientist_is_studying_a_tribe_in_africa/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kaj5hd/a_white_scientist_is_studying_a_tribe_in_africa/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>I just saw that Chuck Yeager has died</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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…and then I heard it a few seconds later
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/NotMetheThree"> /u/NotMetheThree </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kauwny/i_just_saw_that_chuck_yeager_has_died/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/kauwny/i_just_saw_that_chuck_yeager_has_died/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>I went to a sad wedding</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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Even the cake was in tiers.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/xXAanAlleinXx"> /u/xXAanAlleinXx </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/katdq7/i_went_to_a_sad_wedding/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/katdq7/i_went_to_a_sad_wedding/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
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<h2 id="daily-dose">Daily Dose</h2>
<ul id="daily-dose-list"><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/10 December, 2020.html">10 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/09 December, 2020.html">09 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/08 December, 2020.html">08 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/07 December, 2020.html">07 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/06 December, 2020.html">06 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/05 December, 2020.html">05 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/04 December, 2020.html">04 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/03 December, 2020.html">03 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/02 December, 2020.html">02 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/01 December, 2020.html">01 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/30 November, 2020.html">30 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/29 November, 2020.html">29 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/28 November, 2020.html">28 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/27 November, 2020.html">27 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/26 November, 2020.html">26 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/25 November, 2020.html">25 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/24 November, 2020.html">24 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/23 November, 2020.html">23 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/22 November, 2020.html">22 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/21 November, 2020.html">21 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/20 November, 2020.html">20 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/19 November, 2020.html">19 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/18 November, 2020.html">18 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/17 November, 2020.html">17 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/16 November, 2020.html">16 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/15 November, 2020.html">15 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/14 November, 2020.html">14 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/13 November, 2020.html">13 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/12 November, 2020.html">12 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/11 November, 2020.html">11 November, 2020</a></li>
<ul id="daily-dose-list"><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/11 December, 2020.html">11 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/10 December, 2020.html">10 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/09 December, 2020.html">09 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/08 December, 2020.html">08 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/07 December, 2020.html">07 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/06 December, 2020.html">06 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/05 December, 2020.html">05 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/04 December, 2020.html">04 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/03 December, 2020.html">03 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/02 December, 2020.html">02 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/01 December, 2020.html">01 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/30 November, 2020.html">30 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/29 November, 2020.html">29 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/28 November, 2020.html">28 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/27 November, 2020.html">27 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/26 November, 2020.html">26 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/25 November, 2020.html">25 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/24 November, 2020.html">24 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/23 November, 2020.html">23 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/22 November, 2020.html">22 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/21 November, 2020.html">21 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/20 November, 2020.html">20 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/19 November, 2020.html">19 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/18 November, 2020.html">18 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/17 November, 2020.html">17 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/16 November, 2020.html">16 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/15 November, 2020.html">15 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/14 November, 2020.html">14 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/13 November, 2020.html">13 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/12 November, 2020.html">12 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-daily-dose/11 November, 2020.html">11 November, 2020</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="covid-19">Covid-19</h2>
<ul id="covid-19-list"><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/10 December, 2020.html">10 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/09 December, 2020.html">09 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/08 December, 2020.html">08 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/07 December, 2020.html">07 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/06 December, 2020.html">06 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/05 December, 2020.html">05 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/04 December, 2020.html">04 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/03 December, 2020.html">03 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/02 December, 2020.html">02 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/01 December, 2020.html">01 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/30 November, 2020.html">30 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/29 November, 2020.html">29 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/28 November, 2020.html">28 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/27 November, 2020.html">27 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/26 November, 2020.html">26 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/25 November, 2020.html">25 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/24 November, 2020.html">24 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/23 November, 2020.html">23 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/22 November, 2020.html">22 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/21 November, 2020.html">21 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/20 November, 2020.html">20 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/19 November, 2020.html">19 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/18 November, 2020.html">18 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/17 November, 2020.html">17 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/16 November, 2020.html">16 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/15 November, 2020.html">15 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/14 November, 2020.html">14 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/13 November, 2020.html">13 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/12 November, 2020.html">12 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/11 November, 2020.html">11 November, 2020</a></li>
<ul id="covid-19-list"><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/11 December, 2020.html">11 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/10 December, 2020.html">10 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/09 December, 2020.html">09 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/08 December, 2020.html">08 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/07 December, 2020.html">07 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/06 December, 2020.html">06 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/05 December, 2020.html">05 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/04 December, 2020.html">04 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/03 December, 2020.html">03 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/02 December, 2020.html">02 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/01 December, 2020.html">01 December, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/30 November, 2020.html">30 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/29 November, 2020.html">29 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/28 November, 2020.html">28 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/27 November, 2020.html">27 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/26 November, 2020.html">26 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/25 November, 2020.html">25 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/24 November, 2020.html">24 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/23 November, 2020.html">23 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/22 November, 2020.html">22 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/21 November, 2020.html">21 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/20 November, 2020.html">20 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/19 November, 2020.html">19 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/18 November, 2020.html">18 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/17 November, 2020.html">17 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/16 November, 2020.html">16 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/15 November, 2020.html">15 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/14 November, 2020.html">14 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/13 November, 2020.html">13 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/12 November, 2020.html">12 November, 2020</a></li><li><a href="./archive-covid-19/11 November, 2020.html">11 November, 2020</a></li>
</ul>
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