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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Risk compensation during COVID-19: The impact of face mask usage on social distancing.</strong> -
<div>
To reduce the spread of Covid-19, governments around the world have recommended or required minimum physical distancing between individuals, as well as either mandating or recommending the use of face coverings (masks) in certain circumstances. When multiple risk reduction activities can be adopted, people may engage in risk compensation by responding to a reduced (perceived) risk exposure due to one activity by increasing risk exposure due to another. We tested for risk compensation in two online experiments that investigated whether either wearing a mask or seeing others wearing masks reduced physical distancing. We presented participants with stylized images of everyday scenarios involving themselves with or without a mask and a stranger with or without a mask. For each scenario, participants indicated the minimum distance they would keep from the stranger. In line with risk compensation, we found that participants indicated they would stand, sit or walk closer to the stranger if either of them was wearing a mask. This form of risk compensation was stronger for those who believed masks were effective at preventing catching or spreading Covid-19, and for younger (18-40 years) compared to older (over 65 years) participants.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/rb8he/" target="_blank">Risk compensation during COVID-19: The impact of face mask usage on social distancing.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Sensitivity of diffusion-tensor and correlated diffusion imaging to white-matter microstructural abnormalities: application in COVID-19</strong> -
<div>
There has been growing attention on the effect of COVID-19 on white-matter microstructure, especially among those that self-isolated after being infected. There is also immense scientific interest and potential clinical utility to evaluate the sensitivity of single-shell diffusion MRI methods for detecting such effects. In this work, the sensitivities of three single-shell-compatible diffusion MRI modeling methods are compared for detecting the effect of COVID-19, including diffusion-tensor imaging, diffusion-tensor decomposition of orthogonal moments and correlated diffusion imaging. Imaging was performed on self-isolated patients at baseline and 3-month follow-up, along with age- and sex-matched controls. We demonstrate through simulations and experimental data that correlated diffusion imaging is associated with far greater sensitivity, being the only one of the three single-shell methods to demonstrate COVID-19-related brain effects. Results suggest less restricted diffusion in the frontal lobe in COVID-19 patients. Results also demonstrate, for the first time, more restricted diffusion in the cerebellar white matter, in agreement with several existing studies highlighting the vulnerability of the cerebellum to COVID-19 infection. Whereas correlated diffusion imaging can be successfully applied using single-shell diffusion data, different b-values also confer different sensitivities to these two opposing effects. No significant difference was observed in patients at the 3-month follow-up. To summarize, correlated diffusion imaging is shown to be a sensitive single-shell diffusion analysis approach that allowed us to uncovered opposing patterns of diffusion changes in the frontal and cerebellar regions of COVID-19 patients, suggesting the two regions react differently to viral infection.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.29.510004v1" target="_blank">Sensitivity of diffusion-tensor and correlated diffusion imaging to white-matter microstructural abnormalities: application in COVID-19</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>A linear SARS-CoV-2 DNA vaccine candidate reduces virus shedding in ferrets</strong> -
<div>
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has caused more than 600 million cases and over 6 million deaths worldwide. Vaccination has been the main strategy used to contain the spread of the virus, and to avoid hospitalizations and deaths. Currently, there are two mRNA-based and one adenovirus vectored vaccines approved and available for use in the U.S. population. The versatility, low cost and rapid-to-manufacture attributes of DNA vaccines are important advantages over other platforms. However, DNA vaccination must meet higher efficiency levels for use in humans. Importantly, in vivo DNA delivery combined with electroporation (EP) has been successfully used in the veterinary field. Here we evaluated the safety, immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a novel linear SARS-CoV-2 DNA vaccine candidate for delivered by intramuscular injection followed by electroporation (Vet-ePorator) in ferrets. The results demonstrated that the linear SARS-CoV-2 DNA vaccine candidate did not cause unexpected side effects, and was able to elicit neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses using a low dose of the linear DNA construct in prime-boost regimen, and significantly reduced shedding of infectious SARS-CoV-2 through oral and nasal secretions in a ferret model.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.29.510112v1" target="_blank">A linear SARS-CoV-2 DNA vaccine candidate reduces virus shedding in ferrets</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Social norms (not threat) mediate willingness to sacrifice in individuals fused with the nation</strong> -
<div>
Identity fusion with the community has been previously found to mediate altruism in post-disaster settings. However, whether this altruistic response is specifically triggered by ingroup threat, or whether it can also be triggered by global threats remains unclear. We evaluated willingness to sacrifice in the context of the covid-19 pandemic across three surveys waves. Against expectations, participants fused with the nation (vs. non-fused) did not differentially respond to a national vs. global threat condition. Conversely, social norms decisively influenced willingness to sacrifice in this sample, with fused individuals with stronger norms about social distancing reporting the highest altruistic response during the first weeks of the pandemic. Longitudinally, after an initial peak in the altruistic response, deteriorating social norms mediated decreases in willingness to sacrifice in individuals fused with the nation (versus non-fused). Implications of these results for the development of interventions aimed to address global challenges are discussed.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/r6hf4/" target="_blank">Social norms (not threat) mediate willingness to sacrifice in individuals fused with the nation</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The March of the Human Footprint</strong> -
<div>
Human influence is driving planetary change, often in undesirable and unsustainable ways. Recent advances enabled us to measure changes in humanity’s footprint on Earth annually from 2000 – 2019 with a nine-fold improvement in spatial resolution over previous efforts. We found that earlier studies seriously under-estimated the magnitude, extent, and rate of change in the human footprint. Inclusion of newly available data sources suggest that human influence on the land surface grew faster in the five years prior to the COVID-19 pandemic than at any other time in the last 12,000 years. The global extent of uninfluenced areas declined by 23% over the last two decades, an area equivalent to one-third the land mass of the United States. By providing a mechanism to regularly update maps going forward, this work provides a foundation for more accurate, detailed and timely approaches to sustainability.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://ecoevorxiv.org/d7rh6/" target="_blank">The March of the Human Footprint</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>What drives us to be (ir)responsible for our health during the COVID-19 pandemic? The role of personality, thinking styles and conspiracy mentality</strong> -
<div>
Abstract The study aimed to investigate the role of personality, thinking styles, and conspiracy mentality in health-related behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic, i.e., recommended health behaviors according to COVID-19 guidelines and engagement in pseudoscientific practices related to COVID-19. Basic personality space was defined by the HEXACO model complemented by Disintegration, which represents psychotic-like experiences and behaviors reconceptualized as a personality trait. Mediation analyses conducted on a convenient sample from the general population recruited via social media and by snowballing (N=417) showed that engagement in pseudoscientific behaviors was predicted by high Disintegration. However, this relationship was entirely mediated by high experiential and low rational thinking styles. Adherence to health practices recommended by COVID-19 guidelines was predicted by high Honesty traits, while low Disintegration had both direct and indirect effects through conspiracy mentality.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/cgeuv/" target="_blank">What drives us to be (ir)responsible for our health during the COVID-19 pandemic? The role of personality, thinking styles and conspiracy mentality</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Inflammation and autoreactivity define a discrete subset of patients with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, or long-COVID</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
While significant attention has been paid to the immunologic determinants of disease states associated with COVID-19, their contributions to post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) remain less clear. Due to the wide array of PASC presentations, it is critical to understand if specific features of the disease are associated with discrete immune processes, and whether those processes may be therapeutically targeted. To this end, we performed wide immunologic and serological characterization of patients in the early recovery phase of COVID-19 across a breadth of symptomatic presentations. Using high-parameter proteomics screening and applied machine learning (ML), we identify clear signatures of immunologic activity between PASC patients and uncomplicated recovery, dominated by inflammatory cytokine signaling, neutrophil activity, and markers of cell death. Consistent with disease complexity, heterogeneity in plasma profiling reveals distinct PASC subsets with striking divergence in these ongoing inflammatory processes, here termed plasma quiescent (plaq) and inflammatory (infl) PASC. In addition to elevated inflammatory blood proteomics, inflPASC patients display positive clinical tests of acute inflammation including C-reactive protein and fibrinogen, increased B cell activity with extrafollicular involvement coupled with elevated targeting of viral nucleocapsid protein and clinical autoreactivity. Further, the unique plasma signatures of PASC patients allowed for the creation of refined models with high sensitivity and specificity for the positive identification of inflPASC with a streamlined assessment of 12 blood markers. Additionally, refined ML modeling highlights the unexpected significance of several markers of potential diagnostic or therapeutic use for PASC in general, including the peptide hormone, epiregulin. In all, this work identifies clear biological signatures of PASC with potential diagnostic and therapeutic potential and establishes clear disease subtypes that are both easily identifiable and highly relevant to ongoing efforts in both therapeutic targeting and epidemiological investigation of this highly complex disease.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.21.21263845v2" target="_blank">Inflammation and autoreactivity define a discrete subset of patients with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, or long-COVID</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Trend and co-occurrence network study of symptoms through social media: an example of COVID-19</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Abstract Importance: COVID-19 is a multi-organ disease with broad-spectrum manifestations. Clinical data-driven research can be difficult because many patients do not receive prompt diagnoses, treatment, and follow-up studies. Social medias accessibility, promptness, and rich information provide an opportunity for large-scale and long-term analyses, enabling a comprehensive symptom investigation to complement clinical studies. Objective: Present an efficient workflow to identify and study the characteristics and co-occurrences of COVID-19 symptoms using social media. Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective cohort study analyzed 471,553,966 COVID-19-related tweets from February 1, 2020, to April 30, 2022. A comprehensive lexicon of symptoms was used to filter tweets through rule-based methods. 948,478 tweets with self-reported symptoms from 689,551 Twitter users were identified for analysis. Main Outcomes and Measures: The overall trends of COVID-19 symptoms reported on Twitter were analyzed (separately by the Delta strain and the Omicron strain) using weekly new numbers, overall frequency, and temporal distribution of reported symptoms. A co-occurrence network was developed to investigate relationships between symptoms and affected organ systems. Results: The weekly quantity of self-reported symptoms has a high consistency (0.8528, P&lt;0.0001) and one-week leading trend (0. 8802, P&lt;0.0001) with new infections in four countries. We grouped 201 common symptoms (mentioned ≥ 10 times) into 10 affected systems. The frequency of symptoms showed dynamic changes as the pandemic progressed, from typical respiratory symptoms in the early stage to more musculoskeletal and nervous symptoms at later stages. When comparing symptoms reported during the Delta strain versus the Omicron variant, significant changes were observed, with dropped odd ratios of coma (95%CI 0.55-0.49, P&lt;0.01) and anosmia (95%CI, 0.6-0.56), and more pain in the throat (95%CI, 1.86-1.96) and concentration problems (95%CI, 1.58-1.70). The co-occurrence network characterizes relationships among symptoms and affected systems, both intra-systemic, such as cough and sneezing (respiratory), and inter-systemic, such as alopecia (integumentary) and impotence (reproductive). Conclusions and Relevance: We found dynamic COVID-19 symptom evolution through self-reporting on social media and identified 201 symptoms from 10 affected systems. This demonstrates that social medias prevalence trends and co-occurrence networks can efficiently identify and study public health problems, such as common symptoms during pandemics.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.28.22280462v1" target="_blank">Trend and co-occurrence network study of symptoms through social media: an example of COVID-19</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Characterizing Longitudinal Antibody Responses in Recovered Individuals Following COVID-19 Infection and Single-Dose Vaccination in British Columbia, Canada: a Prospective Cohort Study</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: Investigating antibody titres in individuals who have been both naturally infected with SARS-CoV-2 and vaccinated can provide insight into antibody dynamics and correlates of protection over time. Methods: Human coronavirus (HCoV) IgG antibodies were measured longitudinally in a prospective cohort of PCR-confirmed, COVID-19 recovered individuals (k=57) in British Columbia pre- and post-vaccination. SARS-CoV-2 and endemic HCoV antibodies were measured in serum collected between Nov. 2020 and Sept. 2021 (n=341). Primary analysis used a linear mixed-effects model to understand the effect of single dose vaccination on antibody concentrations adjusting for biological sex, age, time from infection and vaccination. Secondary analysis investigated the cumulative incidence of high SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG seroreactivity equal to or greater than 5.5 log10 AU/mL up to 105 days post-vaccination. No re-infections were detected in vaccinated participants, post-vaccination by qRT-PCR performed on self-collected nasopharyngeal specimens. Results: Bivariate analysis (complete data for 42 participants, 270 samples over 472 days) found SARS-CoV-2 spike and RBD antibodies increased 14-56 days post-vaccination (p&lt;0.001) and vaccination prevented waning (B=1.66 [95%CI: 1.45-3.46]); while decline of nucleocapsid antibodies over time was observed (B=-0.24 [95%CI: -1.2-(-0.12)]). A non-significant trend towards higher spike antibodies against endemic beta-HCoVs was also noted. On average, SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG concentration increased in participants who received one vaccine dose by 2.06 log10 AU/mL (95%CI: 1.45-3.46) adjusting for age, biological sex, and time. Cumulative incidence of high SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies (&gt;5.5 log10 AU/mL) was 83% greater in vaccinated compared to unvaccinated individuals. Conclusions: Our study confirms that vaccination post-SARS-CoV-2 infection provides multiple benefits, such as increasing anti-spike IgG titers and preventing decay up to 85 days post-vaccination.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.28.22280429v1" target="_blank">Characterizing Longitudinal Antibody Responses in Recovered Individuals Following COVID-19 Infection and Single-Dose Vaccination in British Columbia, Canada: a Prospective Cohort Study</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Binding and neutralizing IgG responses to SARS-CoV-2 after natural infection or vaccination</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: Whether vaccination or natural infection provides greater benefit regarding the development of sustained immunity against SARS-CoV-2 remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide a direct comparison of IgG durability and neutralizing antibody (NAb) levels in vaccinated and unvaccinated adults. Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study of antibody durability in 1087 individuals with a median (IQR) age of 42 (35, 52) years who were unvaccinated and previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 (Arm 1, n=351) or vaccinated against the virus (Arm 2, n=737). Participants self-reported vaccination and infection history and provided self-collected serology samples using mailed collection kits. Results: Anti-S1 IgG seroprevalence was 15.6% higher in vaccinated versus unvaccinated, previously-infected individuals across intervals ranging from 1 to 12 months and antibody survival was sustained near 100% through 12 months in the vaccinated group. NAb titers at 50% inhibition were significantly greater in vaccinated individuals with values that averaged 893.0 units higher than those observed in the unvaccinated, naturally infected group. Conclusions: These findings suggest that vaccination as opposed to natural infection alone provides significant advantages in terms of sustained and effective (neutralizing) immunity against prior variants of SARS-CoV-2. Future efforts to characterize SARS-CoV-2 immune responses should address hybrid immunity, booster status and formulation, and protection against (sub)variants of Omicron and future lineages, as well as weigh the potential impact of other immune system mechanisms.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.28.22280476v1" target="_blank">Binding and neutralizing IgG responses to SARS-CoV-2 after natural infection or vaccination</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Superposition of Droplet and Aerosol risk in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Objectives. Considering three viral transmission routes: fomite contact, aerial transmission by droplets, and aerial transmission by aerosols, the aerial routes have been the focus of debate about the relative role of droplets and aerosols in SARS-CoV-2 infection. We seek to quantify infection risk in an enclosed space via short-range airborne transmission from droplets and long-range risk from aerosols toward focusing public health measures. Methods. Data from three published studies were analyzed to predict relative exposure at distances of 1 m and farther, mediated by droplet size divided into two bins: larger than 8 μm and smaller than 75 μm (medium droplets) and smaller than 8 μm (small droplets or aerosols). The results at 1 m from an infectious individual were treated as a boundary condition to model infection risk at greater distance. At all distances, infection risk was treated as the sum of exposure to small and medium droplets. It was assumed that number of virions is proportional to droplet volume. Results. The largest infection risk (as exposure to droplet volume) came from medium droplets, close to the infectious individual out to approximately 1 m. Farther away, the largest risk was due to aerosols. For one model, medium droplet exposure disappeared at 1.8 m. Conclusions. Policy concerning social distancing for meaningful infection reduction relies on droplet exposure as a function of distance, yet within this construct droplet size determines respiratory deposition. This two-fold distance effect can be used to evaluate additional measures such as plexiglass barriers and masking.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.28.22280473v1" target="_blank">Superposition of Droplet and Aerosol risk in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Effect of COVID-19 on Food Choices and Eating Behaviour: a study protocol</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background and Aims: Research suggests that many individuals infected with COVID-19 experience changes in taste and smell that can persist for months after the initial infection. These sensory changes can potentially have long-term impacts on dietary choices, nutrition, and body weight. The aim of this study is to explore COVID-related changes in dietary intake among University Students. Methods: A retrospective cohort design will be used to compare a cohort of University Students who experienced COVID-19 infection versus pre-existing data collected from a similar cohort prior to the pandemic. Specifically, the pre-existing data were collected between July 2017 and July 2021. Both datasets comprise of a weighed Food Record and Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. The cohort will also be asked about their experience with COVID-19 and changes in their eating behaviour since before the pandemic. Total daily energy intake, macronutrient intake and composition, will be compared across groups using an ANCOVA analysis controlling for age, gender, and ethnicity. Discussion: Understanding the long-term impact of COVID-19 infection is crucial. While COVID-related sensory changes are hypothesised to have impacts on eating behaviour and dietary choices, it is challenging to perform controlled cohort studies due to the high prevalence of undetected infections. The proposed temporal analyses provide a unique opportunity to test for COVID-related impacts on eating behaviour.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.28.22280475v1" target="_blank">Effect of COVID-19 on Food Choices and Eating Behaviour: a study protocol</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Populational analysis of the immunoglobulin G response to different COVID-19 vaccines in Brazil</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Vaccination is a strategy that confers protection against symptomatic infections and/or development of severe COVID-19. In Brazil, COVID-19 vaccination began in January 2021 and has been performed using vaccines from different manufactures including CoronaVac (Sinovac), ChAdOx1 (Oxford/AstraZeneca) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech). One of the main protective mechanisms triggered by vaccination involves the production of IgG antibodies reactive to the Spike antigen of SARS-CoV-2, the levels of which correlates with vaccine efficacy. Although phase III clinical studies confirmed the efficacy of the vaccines used in Brazil, there are just few studies comparing vaccine immunogenicity in a real-world scenario. This study aimed to depict the IgG response to natural infections and to vaccination using different types of vaccines at population scale in Matinhos, a city located in south of Brazil. Nucleocapsid seroconversion rates indicated that more than a quarter of the cohort has been subjected to natural infections by SARS-CoV-2 by the first trimester of 2022. Spike seroconversion rates achieved &gt;95% by February 2022 and maintained stable as far as June 2022 confirming the effectiveness of the vaccination program. Immunogenicity concerning IgG reactive to Spike was higher using the BNT162b2 vaccine, followed by ChAdOx1 and CoronaVac. Natural infections boosted IgG levels reactive to Spike in those individuals that completed primary vaccination with ChAdOx1 and CoronaVac but not with BNT162b2. The levels of IgG reactive to Spike increased with the number of vaccine doses administered. The application of BNT162b2 as booster dose resulted in high levels of IgG reactive to Spike which were similar despite the type of the vaccine used during primary vaccination.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.28.22280449v1" target="_blank">Populational analysis of the immunoglobulin G response to different COVID-19 vaccines in Brazil</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Differences in COVID-19 cyclicity and predictability among U.S. counties and states reflect the effectiveness of protective measures</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Data available for COVID-19 in the USA make it possible to assess the dynamics of disease spread with 20:20 hindsight. Here, we analyze archived data to explain variation among counties and states in the cyclicity and predictability (that is, the extent to which predictions are possible) of disease dynamics, using a combination of statistical and simulation models. For the period after the initial outbreak but before widespread vaccination (May 2020 - February 2021), we show that for half the counties and states the spread rate of COVID-19, r(t), was predictable at most 9 weeks and 8 weeks ahead, respectively, corresponding to at most 40% and 35% of an average cycle length of 23 weeks and 26 weeks. However, there were large differences among counties and states, and high predictability was associated with high cyclicity of r(t). Furthermore, predictability was negatively associated with R0 values from the pandemic9s onset. This suggests that a severe initial outbreak induced strong and sustained protective measures to lower disease transmission, and these protective measures in turn reduced both cyclicity and predictability. Thus, decreased predictability of disease spread should be viewed as a by-product of positive and sustained steps that people take to protect themselves and others.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.28.22280465v1" target="_blank">Differences in COVID-19 cyclicity and predictability among U.S. counties and states reflect the effectiveness of protective measures</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Antigen concentration, viral load, and test performance for SARS-CoV-2 in multiple specimen types</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The relationship between N-antigen concentration and viral load within a specimen and across different specimens is essential for interpretation of rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) clinical performance in different use cases. A prospective study was conducted in Porto Velho, Brazil, to investigate RDT performance in different specimen types as a function of the correlation between antigen concentration and viral load. The study included 214 close contacts with recent exposures to confirmed cases, aged 12 years and older and with various levels of vaccination. Antigen concentration was measured in nasopharyngeal swab (NPS), anterior nares swab (ANS), and saliva specimens. Reverse transcriptase (RT)PCR was conducted on the NPS and saliva specimens, and two RDTs were conducted on ANS and one on saliva. Antigen concentration correlated with viral load when measured in the same specimen type but not across specimen types. Antigen levels were higher in symptomatic cases compared to asymptomatic/oligosymptomatic cases and lower in saliva compared to NPS and ANS samples. Discordant results between the RDTs conducted on ANS and the RT-PCR on NPS were resolved by antigen concentration values. The analytical limit-of-detection of RDTs can be used to predict the performance of the tests in populations for which the antigen concentration is known. The antigen dynamics across different sample types observed in SARS-CoV-2 disease progression support use of RDTs in nasal samples. Given lower antigen concentrations in saliva, tests using saliva is expected to require improved analytical sensitivity to achieve clinical sensitivity similar to testing of nasal samples.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.12.22279810v2" target="_blank">Antigen concentration, viral load, and test performance for SARS-CoV-2 in multiple specimen types</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Efficacy and Safety of TADIOS as an Adjuvant Therapy in Patients Diagnosed With Mild to Moderate COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: TADIOS;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Helixmith Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Fourth Dose Study in Australia</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Tozinameran;   Biological: Elasomeran;   Biological: Bivalent Pfizer-BioNTech;   Biological: Bivalent Moderna<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Murdoch Childrens Research Institute;   Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations;   The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>PBI-0451 Phase 2 Study in Nonhospitalized Symptomatic Adults With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: PBI-0451;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Pardes Biosciences, Inc.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 iCura SARS-CoV-2 Ag OTC: Clinical Evaluation</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   SARS-CoV-2 Infection;   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Device: iCura COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Home Test;   Diagnostic Test: RT-PCR Test<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   EDP Biotech;   Paragon Rx Clinical, Inc.;   iCura Diagnostics, LLC<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>FMT for Post-acute COVID-19 Syndrome</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Post-Acute COVID19 Syndrome;   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Procedure: Faecal Microbiota Transplantation<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Chinese University of Hong Kong<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Research on Community Based ATK Test Study to Control Spread of COVID-19 in Migrant Community</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pandemic<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Device: STANDARD Q COVID-19 Ag Test<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University of Oxford<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluation of the Efficacy of Mouth Rinses With Commercial Mouthwashes to Decrease Viral Load in Saliva in COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Lacer Clorhexidina Colutorio;   Drug: Lacer Clorhexidine 0.20% Colutorio;   Drug: Gingilacer Encías Delicadas Colutorio;   Drug: Distilled water<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana;   Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz;   Hospital Universitario Infanta Elena<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Spikogen Booster Study</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: SpikoGen vaccine<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Vaxine Pty Ltd;   Australian Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Institute Ltd;   Cinnagen<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Immunogenicity of COVID-19 Vaccine in Population Aged 18 Years and Above</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: low-dose LYB001;   Biological: Recombinant COVID-19 Vaccine (CHO Cell);   Biological: high-dose LYB001<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Guangzhou Patronus Biotech Co., Ltd.;   Yantai Patronus Biotech Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Long COVID-19 Syndrome in Primary Care: A Novel Protocol of Exercise Intervention “CON-VIDA Clinical Trial”</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Long COVID;   Post-COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: EXERCISE<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Universidad San Jorge<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Immunogenicity of Inactivated Heterologous Booster Vaccination</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: VLA 2001<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Centro de Estudios en Infectogía Pediatrica<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Efficacy and Safety of BioBlock® Intranasally Administered Virus-Neutralizing Bovine Colostrum Nasal Spray in Preventing of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-19) Infection in Healthy Volunteer Individuals</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   SARS CoV 2 Infection<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: BioBlock® antiviral nasal spray<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Chemi-Pharm AS<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of Trivalent Coronavirus Vaccine Candidate VBI-2901a</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Coronavirus Infections<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: VBI-2901a<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   VBI Vaccines Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>3EO Health SARS-CoV-2 OTC At Home Test</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pandemic<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Diagnostic Test: In Vitro<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   3EO Health<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effects of Diagrammatic Breathing With and Without Resistance in Post Covid Patients on ADLs</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pandemic<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Other: Diaphragmatic breathing with Resistance Training;   Other: diaphragmatic breathing with out resistance training<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Riphah International University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>NLRP3-inflammasome activation in male reproductive system diseases</strong> - The nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a multiprotein complex belonging to the innate immune system, plays a key role in the chronic inflammatory response, through the production of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18, which can elicit their effects through receptor activation, both locally and systemically. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated the interaction of NLRP3 inflammasome components with redox signaling,…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Receptor-binding domain-anchored peptides block binding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike proteins with cell surface angiotensin-converting enzyme 2</strong> - CONCLUSION: Using PhD methodology, two peptides were generated bearing potentials to interfere with S protein-ACE2 interaction, which might be further exploited to produce peptidomimetics that block the attachment of SARS-CoV-2 virus onto host cells, hence diminishing the pathogenesis of COVID-19.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14 protein associates with IMPDH2 and activates NF-κB signaling</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection leads to NF-κB activation and induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, though the underlying mechanism for this activation is not fully understood. Our results reveal that the SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14 protein contributes to the viral activation of NF-κB signaling. Nsp14 caused the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. Nsp14 induced the upregulation of IL-6 and IL-8, which also occurred in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. IL-8 upregulation…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The regulation of ISG20 expression on SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer patients and healthy individuals</strong> - ISG20 inhibits viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 invasion; however, details of its expression and regulation with viral susceptibility remain to be elucidated. The present study analyzed ISG20 expression, isoform information, survival rate, methylation patterns, immune cell infiltration, and COVID-19 outcomes in healthy and cancerous individuals. Cordycepin (CD) and N6, N6-dimethyladenosine (m⁶ (2)A) were used to treat cancer cells for ISG20 expression. We revealed that ISG20 mRNA expression was…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Targeted protein S-nitrosylation of ACE2 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> - Prevention of infection and propagation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a high priority in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Here we describe S-nitrosylation of multiple proteins involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection, including angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor for viral entry. This reaction prevents binding of ACE2 to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, thereby inhibiting viral entry, infectivity and cytotoxicity. Aminoadamantane…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 infects adipose tissue in a fat depot- and viral lineage-dependent manner</strong> - Visceral adiposity is a risk factor for severe COVID-19, and a link between adipose tissue infection and disease progression has been proposed. Here we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 infects human adipose tissue and undergoes productive infection in fat cells. However, susceptibility to infection and the cellular response depends on the anatomical origin of the cells and the viral lineage. Visceral fat cells express more ACE2 and are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection than their subcutaneous…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Novel Regioselective Approach to Cyclize Phage-Displayed Peptides in Combination with Epitope-Directed Selection to Identify a Potent Neutralizing Macrocyclic Peptide for SARS-CoV-2</strong> - Using the regioselective cyanobenzothiazole condensation reaction with an N-terminal cysteine and the chloroacetamide reaction with an internal cysteine, a phage-displayed macrocyclic 12-mer peptide library was constructed and subsequently validated. Using this library in combination with iterative selections against two epitopes from the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Spike protein, macrocyclic peptides that strongly inhibit the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Interaction of HDAC2 with SARS-CoV-2 NSP5 and IRF3 Is Not Required for NSP5-Mediated Inhibition of Type I Interferon Signaling Pathway</strong> - Over the last 2 years, several global virus-host interactome studies have been published with SARS-CoV-2 proteins with the purpose of better understanding how specific viral proteins can subvert or utilize different cellular processes to promote viral infection and pathogenesis. However, most of the virus-host protein interactions have not yet been confirmed experimentally, and their biological significance is largely unknown. The goal of this study was to verify the interaction of NSP5, the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A New Complex Design of Fe (II) Isoleucine Dithiocarbamate as a Novel Anticancer and Antivirus against SARSCOV-2 (COVID-19)</strong> - CONCLUSION: Cytotoxic test of Fe(II) isoleucine dithiocarbamate showed moderate anticancer activity on MCF-7 cancer cells and showed antiviral activity against SARSCOV-2 by interfering with spike glycoprotein -ACE2 receptors, and inhibiting major proteases and 3Clpro.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>IL-10 suppresses T cell expansion while promoting tissue-resident memory cell formation during SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques</strong> - The pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways that determine the balance of inflammation and viral control during SARS-CoV-2 infection are not well understood. Here we examine the roles of IFNγ and IL-10 in regulating inflammation, immune cell responses and viral replication during SARS-CoV-2 infection of rhesus macaques. IFNγ blockade tended to decrease lung inflammation based on ^(18) FDG-PET/CT imaging but had no major impact on innate lymphocytes, neutralizing antibodies, or antigen-specific T…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Flap structure within receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike periodically obstructs hACE2 Binding subdomain bearing similarities to HIV-1 protease flap</strong> - The SARS-CoV-2 prefusion spike protein is characterized by a high degree of flexibility and temporal transformations associated with its multifunctional behavior. In this study, we have examined the dynamics of the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in detail. Its primary, binding subdomain with human Angiotensin Covering Enzyme II includes a highly conspicuous flap or loop that is part of a beta hairpin loop structural motif. Dynamic details of the RBD obtained…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease for Treatment of COVID-19: Covalent Inhibitors Structure-Activity Relationship Insights and Evolution Perspectives</strong> - The viral main protease is one of the most attractive targets among all key enzymes involved in the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. Covalent inhibition of the cysteine^(145) of SARS-CoV-2 M^(PRO) with selective antiviral drugs will arrest the replication process of the virus without affecting human catalytic pathways. In this Perspective, we analyzed the in silico, in vitro, and in vivo data of the most representative examples of covalent SARS-CoV-2 M^(PRO) inhibitors reported in the literature to date….</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) infection activates AMPK and JNK through TAK1 to induce autophagy and enhance virus replication</strong> - Autophagy plays an important role in defending against invading microbes. However, numerous viruses can subvert autophagy to benefit their replication. Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) is an aetiological agent that causes severe porcine epidemic diarrhoea. How PEDV infection regulates autophagy and its role in PEDV replication are inadequately understood. Herein, we report that PEDV induced complete autophagy in Vero and IPEC-DQ cells, as evidenced by increased LC3 lipidation, p62…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The inhibition of MDM2 slows cell proliferation and activates apoptosis in ADPKD cell lines</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that several inflammatory proteins remain aberrantly dysregulated in COVID-19 survivors and CXCL10 might serve as a potential biomarker to typify COV-LH. Further characterization of these signature inflammatory molecules might improve the understanding of the long-term impacts of COVID-19 and provide new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 survivors with PASC.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Coronavirus Lung Infection Impairs Host Immunity against Secondary Bacterial Infection by Promoting Lysosomal Dysfunction</strong> - Postviral bacterial infections are a major health care challenge in coronavirus infections, including COVID-19; however, the coronavirus-specific mechanisms of increased host susceptibility to secondary infections remain unknown. In humans, coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, infect lung immune cells, including alveolar macrophages, a phenotype poorly replicated in mouse models of SARS-CoV-2. To overcome this, we used a mouse model of native murine β-coronavirus that infects both immune and…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>“I’m a Woman, I’m a Mother, I’m Christian”: How Giorgia Meloni Took Control in the Italian Election</strong> - The country has chosen its most right-wing government since the Second World War. Will political dysfunction temper extremism? - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/im-a-woman-im-a-mother-im-christian-how-giorgia-meloni-took-control-in-the-italian-election">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>“Hurricane Maria Never Finished Leaving Us”: The Aftermath of Fiona in a Puerto Rican Town</strong> - “You’re seeing the most dramatic display of inequality,” a Puerto Rican teacher and independence activist said, after Hurricane Fiona. “It hurts.” - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/as-told-to/hurricane-maria-never-finished-leaving-us-the-aftermath-of-fiona-in-a-puerto-rican-town">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Fine Economic Mess in the United Kingdom</strong> - With the pound hitting record lows, financial analysts are questioning the competence of Britain’s new government. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/a-fine-economic-mess-in-the-united-kingdom">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Thorny Problem of Keeping the Internet’s Time</strong> - An obscure software system synchronizes the network’s clocks. Who will keep it running? - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/the-thorny-problem-of-keeping-the-internets-time">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sandra Cisneros Reads José Antonio Rodríguez</strong> - The poet joins Kevin Young to read and discuss “Shelter,” by José Antonio Rodríguez, and her own poem “Tea Dance, Provincetown, 1982.” - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/podcast/poetry/sandra-cisneros-reads-jose-antonio-rodriguez">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>The 2022 midterm elections, explained</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/VX863FWJfP3q0sJhQWeFfMbbdY0=/0x142:2995x2388/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71431201/GettyImages_1350833520c.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
A person votes in Brooklyn, New York, in November 2021. | Michael M. Santiago/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Weoy5W">
The 2022 midterms are coming up on November 8, when voters across the US will decide the makeup of Congress, determine who will hold key offices in their states and cities, and weigh in on policies directly via ballot measures.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Xdmmg5">
Democrats currently have narrow majorities in both chambers, and because the same party holds the White House, conditions are ideal for them to pass bills President Joe Biden will sign. But forecasts suggest Democrats are likely to lose control of the House and keep the Senate this fall — though many key races are so close that anything is possible.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Hzzh93">
Beyond Washington, governors, secretaries of state, and attorneys general, along with members of the legislature, are up for election in dozens of states. The winners of those contests will affect state policies on issues as varied as abortion, voting rights, and Covid-19.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KXHezI">
Vox has been digging into the stakes of individual races and the entire country and will continue to through and even after Election Day. If you’re just starting to follow the elections, you can get a better understanding of what’s on the line <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/9/12/23344632/midterms-2022-elections-key-house-senate-races-control-congress">here</a>, and if you’re trying to figure out what you need to do to vote, <a href="https://www.vox.com/even-better/23363748/voting-guide-registration-polling-place-voter-suppression">start here</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RslRk5">
Do you have something you want explained that you don’t see on this page? Ask a Vox reporter your questions about Congress <a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf6isuraAwbdnBBVVKorqU-b6TdYQFuHmQKqcrW5TC-N1Y4bg/viewform">here</a>, about what’s going on in the states <a href="http://vox.com/ask-nicole-narea.">here</a>, and about the politics of the midterms <a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfgKliYTFIvitGbPSxGzMyiB1PnfUWBq_Ef81sdv0y5-R8qGw/viewform">here</a>.
</p></li>
<li><strong>The Bros and cons of being a huge, gay Hollywood rom-com</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/f8AzjLo8IFu1m6R3RFq_G0CazUA=/51x0:1584x1150/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71434850/Screen_Shot_2022_09_29_at_9.39.32_AM.0.png"/>
<figcaption>
Billy Eichner and Luke MacFarlane in Bros, a movie about gay dudes (not brothers). | Bros/Universal Pictures
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Bros wants to be a gay love story that doesn’t play it straight.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hRqM4I">
Billy Eichner seems like the fun kind of grumpy — like a person who will say the mean stuff you’d wish you could say out loud. Eichner rocketed to success and visibility based on his ability to charmingly <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1XP5zczzJwY">harangue New Yorkers</a> on sidewalks. Then on <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZIr0FpAuOnI"><em>Difficult People</em></a>, he sharpened that crankiness and pop culture savvy into an acidic, narcissistic lead also named Billy, in a <a href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/meet-billy-eichner-and-julie-klausner-tvs-most-difficult-people">show that’s loosely based</a> on his and his friend Julie Klausner’s lives.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7LjsNm">
The underlying irony of Eichner’s humor is that the crankiness is blazing insecurity, the meanness is neurosis, and his self-absorption is a symptom of being his own biggest critic. He’s hilarious and caustic, but you probably wouldn’t assume he’s a romantic.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WZDl8F">
Eichner is now starring as Bobby in<em> Bros</em>,<em> </em>which he co-wrote with director Nicholas Stoller. In it, he flexes a similar smart irritability that we saw in <em>Difficult People</em> and <em>Billy on the Street</em> — this time, in a rom-com. (Eichner has maintained that the movie isn’t strictly autobiographical but that it does borrow from his own life.)
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Romantic comedies are rare at this point, and romantic comedies about two gay men, starring two gay men (and an <a href="https://variety.com/2022/scene/news/billy-eichner-bros-queer-cast-1235286489/">all-LGBTQ cast</a>) are even rarer. <em>Bros</em> has the unfortunate pressure of being revolutionary by simply existing. Never mind that “revolutionary” in this case is more about how slow mainstream Hollywood can be when it comes to depicting LBGTQ relationships rather than any genuinely groundbreaking concepts that <em>Bros</em> contains. That’s an incredible amount of pressure to place on a movie about two conventionally attractive (one looking like a Marvel superhero) cis, gay white men who fall in love.
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It’s not a particularly easy position to be in.
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Eichner has drawn fire for trying to talk about the importance of <em>Bros</em> while simultaneously, and perhaps inadvertently, <a href="https://www.thewrap.com/billy-eichner-streaming-films-fire-island-bros/">putting other LGBTQ movies down</a>. He also has <a href="https://www.gawker.com/celebrity/billy-eichner-is-the-first-gay-man-ever-bros">described the act</a> of seeing the movie as a form of active resistance against Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas’s view on gay rights. I do not believe <em>Bros</em>’ box office will necessarily determine the future of <em>Obergefell v. Hodges.</em>
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But the movie is concerned with the specifics, meaning, and pressures of gay culture. As its title suggests, Eichner’s script roasts gay male culture and its obsessiveness with masculinity and muscles. The way traditional, heterosexual masculinity is lauded in gay male culture is a gay conundrum that <em>should</em> be made fun of more, and Eichner is more than skilled at doing so.
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What caught me off-guard, though, is how thoughtful Eichner is when it comes to mapping out his own character’s vulnerability. In a way that his comedy often elides, <em>Bros</em> has Bobby connecting the dots between cynicism and a pursuit of happiness. It’s terrifyingly intimate territory. I thought I knew Billy Eichner to be someone cynical, who’d written off romance, but <em>Bros</em> reflects a curiosity about how love functions in the heads and hearts of gay men. It’s a question worth exploring.
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<h3 id="oV27aY">
<em>Bros</em> is a story of a neurotic boy standing in front of another boy, asking him to love him
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nXeH3K">
<em>Bros</em> operates on a gimmick: It asks explicitly what a gay love story could look like, free from hetero norms, and then, by coincidence, its hero has a chance to answer that question.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Ilayro">
The question comes to Bobby at work. He’s an award-winning podcaster who lands a dream gig of curating the country’s first LGBTQ+ museum in New York City. The museum gig is a vehicle for the movie to talk about queer history. Specifically, it’s a chance for Bobby to wrestle with the idea of how much same-sex marriage — the biggest pop culture touchstone when it comes to gay rights — factors into the identity of the museum and his own identity as a gay man.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Ef9A54">
Bobby is an intellectual and political crank, an antithesis to the movie’s title. “Bro” itself implies a simpleness of being. Bros are part of the same genus as himbos, a laid-back species of masculine men. Bobby’s never laid-back; he’s argument-prone and hyper-aware. He’s funny in a way that complaints about failing bodies are funny, and watching him navigate through the world of gay male desire — hookup apps, flirty texts, DMs slides, and circuit parties — is sometimes hilarious, often at his own expense.
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Same-sex marriage ushered in a wave of tolerance and economic benefits for LGBTQ people, but Bobby’s a bit skeptical. To him, the advantages of gay marriage have also come at a price: the sanding down of the edges of gay life (even if he’s not partaking in those edges) into something more palatable for straight consumption. The years and years spent trying to convince straight people that LGBTQ people are just like them was maybe too effective, particularly when it comes to sex and romance.
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<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/7t2-Yqjc_YsGUoZvoZuyFc2j3dE=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24064245/Screen_Shot_2022_09_29_at_9.39.22_AM.png"/> <cite>Bros/Universal Pictures</cite>
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Luke MacFarlane probably does push-ups!
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DrgKU7">
To Bobby, straight people love <em>Schitt’s Creek</em> and its earnest gay romance because it’s egregiously, dopily unsexy — also the big reason he hates it so much. And oh my god, does Bobby really hate <em>Schitt’s Creek</em>.
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Since he doesn’t want the museum to pretend that same-sex marriage is the final, happy ending for queer rights, Bobby challenges his colleagues and his friends to imagine what an actual gay love story for gay people looks like. It’s a clever nod to the problem of creating a gay rom-com that doesn’t look like the same old straight stuff.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Uyjcor">
Then, at a shirtless party, Bobby meets Aaron (Luke MacFarlane), a lawyer specializing in estate planning. That means that Aaron helps people draw up paperwork and decide where their money will go when they die. But Aaron doesn’t look like the kind of person who would have this job, gently guiding people to death. Aaron looks like a Barry’s Bootcamp instructor, someone you pay to be mean to you in a fitness way. He’s the kind of handsome that you can’t tell if you’re attracted to him or just want to have his pecs.
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Bobby and Aaron’s meet-cute isn’t really a conversation since the music is too loud (one of my homosexual friends refers to the music played at shirtless gay dance parties as “bing bong stuff”). It’s also not really a conversation because Bobby is mostly just yelling complaints about the party at Aaron. It works though, and Bobby and Aaron spend the rest of the movie figuring out whether and how much the other one likes them.
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There’s plenty of guy-on-guy sex happening in <em>Bros</em>, some of it hot and fun, some of it silly, and some of it both. Again, because of the relative lack of big Hollywood movies centering gay men and the sex they have, showing gay group sex might be seen as audacious or groundbreaking. But the most daring thing <em>Bros</em> does is trace the psychology of Bobby’s emotional intimacy.
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Bobby is hesitant to open up to Aaron, in large part, due to not feeling handsome or muscular or successful enough to warrant the affection of someone who is as handsome, as muscular, or as successful as Aaron. Admittedly, I’m not up to date on the latest heterosexual trends and best practices, but I don’t believe feeling like someone is out of your league is exclusively a queer problem.
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There’s plenty going on beneath the surface, though.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Hn90Cj">
As Bobby tells Aaron, he spent his whole childhood and adolescence being told to be anyone but the person he was. It’s a common experience for many little gay boys. Those kids grow up and that message takes its toll. Many gay men then spend an inordinate amount of their adult lives unraveling that damage, cleaving away the artificial parts of themselves they’ve built to find acceptance and finally rediscovering, sometimes too late, the tender bits that they discarded.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gPEX4z">
A lot of the movie and a lot of Eichner’s comedy satirizes this trauma, stretching it to the point of neurotic derangement —<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=11BOOsypvDI"> Eichner once told James Corden</a> and a slightly unamused Riley Keough about not feeling handsome enough to warrant a happy ending after a massage. Bobby’s insecurity, his deep belief that everything — Aaron, his job, his success — can be yanked away at a moment’s notice, comes from the same place as the stress of not being hot enough for a hand job, but it’s delivered without the defense humor provides.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TqUJ3c">
When the movie gives us a glimpse into Aaron’s life, we see what these very different men have in common. They have the same experience of hiding themselves, but just broke in different ways. Aaron compensated by following a career path and workout regimen that was supposed to get him to a place where he’d be happy. Despite the abs, wealth, and validation, his happiness is also unfortunately tethered to a fear of losing it all.
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<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/gwmboDqkZEpow03CPQa-5EKSqRs=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24064254/Screen_Shot_2022_09_29_at_9.45.24_AM.png"/> <cite>Bros/Universal Pictures</cite>
<figcaption>
This is the staff in the movie that’s in charge of curating a museum of LGBTQ culture. It’s quite likely that they are making fun of <em>Schitt’s Creek</em> in this moment.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="v6e3fp">
Love, then, is a surreal thing for two men who have constantly been told it’s conditional. It’s somehow even more fragile when they come to the realization that they want it. Bobby and Aaron’s relationship is as much a negotiation of their own hangups and feelings of desire as it is wading through each other’s fears and insecurity to better understand each other. And of course, that’s exactly the kind of complicated gay love story that Bobby would love to see reflected in his museum exhibit.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="m6hcl5">
The pressures of gay life — whether that’s adhering to and later breaking norms in search of happiness, navigating sexual and aesthetic expectations, trying to forge an authentic life, or even speaking for the community through a museum exhibit or a de facto revolutionary movie — can feel enormous. And it’s thrilling to see it explored in romantic comedies like <em>Bros</em>. Hopefully, though, there’ll be a time where there’s not so much pressure to be “revolutionary.”
</p></li>
<li><strong>What we get wrong about being in love</strong> -
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<img alt="Collage of a couple with their arms around each other gesturing toward a large seated statue of a Greek philosopher." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ZwFLJ7n-bzC63FU0lWnd7Z8jffY=/177x0:1528x1013/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71434747/wrong_love_board_1.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Christina Animashaun/Vox; Getty Images
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Carrie Jenkins on what philosophy can teach us about love and heartbreak.
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Do we need a new vision of romantic love?
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When you think of romantic love in popular culture, you probably think of one of two things: limitless joy or unspeakable sorrow.
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Pick your favorite stereotype: obsessed teenagers who can’t leave each other’s side until some youthful misdeed leads to a cry-fest. Or maybe it’s the romance novel depictions of infatuated adults tangled up in passionate love triangles.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PTHRSr">
The point is, even if we know real relationships are much more complicated than this, we’re still drawn to misleading models of romantic love.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qMs7gj">
A new book by the philosopher Carrie Jenkins, called <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Sad-Love-Romance-Search-Meaning/dp/150953959X/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&amp;qid=&amp;sr="><em>Sad Love: Romance and the Search for Meaning</em></a>, wants to scrap these simplistic stories and replace them with something richer and more complicated. For Jenkins, the problem isn’t that we imagine love as either blissful or tragic; it can certainly be both.
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The problem is that we expect love to mean happiness. And if we’re not happy, we think we’ve failed. But Jenkins says we should recognize that the pain and difficulties of love are not just unavoidable — they’re actually part of what makes love worthwhile. So the way we talk about love should reflect this.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="K0V07o">
There’s so much to chew on in this book, and ultimately what it offers is more than a theory of love. It’s a philosophy of life. That’s why I invited Jenkins to join me for an episode of <a href="https://tools.applemediaservices.com/podcast/1081584611?country=us"><em>Vox Conversations</em></a>.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RuDZCC">
Below is an excerpt, edited for length and clarity. As always, there’s much more in the full podcast, so listen and follow <em>Vox Conversations</em> on <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/vox-conversations/id1215557536">Apple Podcasts</a>, <a href="https://podcasts.google.com/search/vox%20conversations">Google Podcasts</a>, <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/6NOJ6IkTb2GWMj1RpmtnxP">Spotify</a>, <a href="https://www.stitcher.com/show/vox-conversations">Stitcher</a>, or wherever you listen to podcasts.
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<h4 id="6pQ3R0">
Sean Illing
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="f6BBWE">
You say that we tend to imagine love as a “failure condition.” What does that mean?
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<h4 id="kakaYq">
Carrie Jenkins
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YPQE8w">
I say that if we are sad when we’re in love, it’s seen as a failure because love’s supposed to be about being happy ever after. If your relationship’s going well, we say we’re happy with the person, or we’re happy together. Happiness has just come to stand in for your love life going well.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0w1s6t">
If we’re sad or if we’re angry, where does that leave us? Does that mean our relationships aren’t working? Does it mean we are not in love? Or even worse, does it mean we’re unlovable? What if we’re depressed?
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="m12kzz">
When I started writing this book, I was really depressed, and I was genuinely worried about how that left me for being capable of love and capable of being loved, because I didn’t think I was gonna be happy ever after. At some points, I had no hope of that even.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oIOPNH">
I still thought I could love someone. I still thought someone could love me. So I wanted to know why we think of happiness as the success state for love and anything else as a failure condition.
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<h4 id="ruiO9K">
Sean Illing
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="95XkgZ">
It’s either a Greek tragedy or just unspeakable bliss. And that seems a little too neat.
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<h4 id="BKN7yb">
Carrie Jenkins
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SWR0Iv">
Well, it’s all extremes, right? We are either ecstatic, waking up every morning, singing. Or they don’t love you back or they’ve left you or something, and it’s a complete tragedy, drama.
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Nothing in the middle, nothing normal, nothing boring.
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<h4 id="v956TY">
Sean Illing
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vSmuav">
And what you call “sad love” — how is that different from the myth of romantic love?
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<h4 id="5npOsh">
Carrie Jenkins
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uPg0oP">
What I try to do is talk about a kind of love that has space for the full range of human emotions. That includes happiness, of course, but also sadness and anger. And also just the day-to-day, grayscale grind of getting up and going to work and not feeling particularly any kind of way about that, just doing it.
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Those are most people’s lives day to day. Most people are not particularly happy all the time. Most people are not particularly sad all the time, although some of us have experienced that.
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But what I want to say is all of these emotions are valid. All of these feelings are part of being human and being alive. And I think that means they should be part of love. I want to move away from defining love in terms of happiness, the way that that romantic myth tends to do, the “happy ever after” love.
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Now, sometimes, you could be sad for reasons that do indicate there’s a problem. And we can talk about that as well, but just being sad by itself doesn’t mean there’s something wrong with your love life or with your life in general — sometimes being sad is the right response to the world.
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Sometimes the world is a sad place, you know?
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<h4 id="A7h1Vu">
Sean Illing
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="K1hz6h">
You point out that we seem so much more willing to accept sad parental love than we are sad romantic love. Sad parental love, as you say, is not seen as a failure. That’s just what it is, it’s just baked into the cake.
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Whereas romantic love, if you’re experiencing sadness, something must have gone wrong. And that’s therefore an indictment maybe of the whole relationship.
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<h4 id="msRO2F">
Carrie Jenkins
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DiovzS">
And this temptation to externalize it and say, “The other person is not making me happy.” That can be really toxic, too. Like it’s anyone else’s job to make you happy. That’s not necessarily what love is for or what love is about.
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One way I sometimes think about it is, I don’t think that the most valuable thing in my life is me being happy. Don’t get me wrong. I like being happy. I’ll take it if that’s available, but there are things that mean much more to me.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="V14eGH">
And I think when people have children, we tend to understand this. You’re gonna have a rough time, but there’s something about that that means much more to you. And there’s something about that goal of raising your kids that is valuable and meaningful in a way that’s not really about happiness or your happiness.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tprSlN">
That is a useful way to think about this stuff sometimes.
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<h4 id="UU5IHo">
Sean Illing
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TLtnaa">
It’s a very existentialist book because it’s trying to map out a vision of love that’s truly compatible with freedom. I think that’s also what makes it very hard for people to practice in real life.
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We all want to love someone. We all want someone to love us. But the truth is that we often want someone to love us on our terms. And that’s problematic, if I’m reading you right.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hv2wEE">
You write: “The other human being involved in such a relationship is presumably an autonomous agent with their own free will, not a prize you get for being a good person.”
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<h4 id="ck9Evg">
Carrie Jenkins
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UOSfam">
I’d go so far as to question whether that can even count as love. Because it’s almost like you’re not really loving that person. You are just loving something that happens inside of you when you are around that person.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SzZKSK">
If you are not working in a collaborative spirit with them on things that are meaningful to them and to both of you, then yeah, I’m not really sure that I would wanna say that’s love at all.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gbQc5v">
There’s also another risk that’s close to that one, which is where we tend to see a partner as a kind of social status symbol. Like, “Look at me, I’ve been able to attract <em>this</em> person.”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mQUZhO">
When we’re thinking about it in that way, that again can be incredibly toxic. Not only because we’re not seeing the other person — we are just thinking about how being with them is a benefit to us.
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<h4 id="Yb0Doy">
Sean Illing
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JtvRBp">
I’m married; I’ve been with my wife for 11 years now. We’re in a pretty challenging stage of life. We have a 3-year-old in the house, and that’s its own kind of tornado.
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But like everyone, we’re — both of us — changing and evolving. Hopefully productively, as we get older, often in unexpected ways. Anyone who’s a parent knows that it changes you.
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And the question we’re always asking is, how do we allow each other to grow and change without imposing our own expectations, or our own desires, on each other? And it’s really hard. There are inevitable clashes.
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And my biggest worry is that we might allow ourselves to believe the lie that love consists in the loss of our own agency, our own freedom. And that’s not really true. It only appears true if you’re attached to an unhealthy vision of love.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jXzMMh">
But at the same time, if you’re going to love someone in a way that respects their autonomy, that means you’re not in control of them, and they don’t exist just for you, to make you feel secure or whatever. And that means you have to let go.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="okaV6r">
And that’s hard and scary.
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<h4 id="81Iee6">
Carrie Jenkins
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7p2slS">
Yeah. It’s scary. And I get it. I do.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lmoLFP">
The thing about that is, if we don’t face that fact about needing to respect a partner’s own autonomy, it doesn’t make it not a fact. They still might grow and change in ways that pull them, maybe, away from us.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AWhmJq">
We actually can’t stop that from happening whatever we try to do. But if we don’t look it in the face, we can kind of kid ourselves that it’s not true. So then, what’s gonna happen if we do that? I mean, maybe we’ll get lucky and nothing bad will happen.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dLqYzF">
Another possibility, though, is we’re gonna be blindsided when that day comes because we’ve been ignoring the fact that our partner is their own person. We might even have brought it on by doing that, if we’ve been treating the person as though they’re just there for us.
</p>
<h4 id="Iof1O3">
Sean Illing
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HEmVAF">
So if romantic love is this rich, dynamic thing that involves the entire spectrum of emotion, and it’s full of all these contradictory needs and desires, how do we know when it’s just not working? How do we know when it’s time to move on?
</p>
<h4 id="eBeqWi">
Carrie Jenkins
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZAyXvU">
There’s a lot to be said about thinking, not necessarily just in terms of when to move on, but to think about how things can change. So an individual person grows and changes over time, and relationships, if they are healthy, will grow and change over time as well.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="04NGbb">
Part of what worries me about the romantic myth is that we’re supposed to be just the same way we are now forever. That never happens. Everybody changes. And if your relationship doesn’t change, then it’s going to die. Anything alive is gonna grow and is gonna change.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="W1X0ge">
So what I’m sometimes tempted to think about is how a relationship to another person needs to change, rather than what needs to end or be removed. And I’m not talking here about if you’re in an abusive relationship, or if things have gotten bad enough that you’re being harmed. That situation needs to end. Don’t get me wrong.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Y1tgAk">
But if you’re just realizing you’ve grown apart from someone in certain kinds of ways, and you’re no longer really engaged in the same lives anymore — once we’ve stepped away from thinking there’s only one story for how a loving relationship can look, we’re at liberty to say, “Okay, well, how could our loving relationship look if we only overlap in this much of our lives instead of that much like we used to? And what does that look like?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Xfkf5l">
And then you can have a conversation about, does it look like being friends? Does it look like being lovers who only see one another somewhat occasionally? Does it look like becoming non-monogamous?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="of8mi1">
There’s lots of ways that relationships can change that we’re just kind of trained out of considering as options. I just wish we were more aware of those possibilities for ways that love can change and grow over time. Because actually I think the “happy ever after” mythology and its associated conception that romantic love never changes is the exact thing that leads to all kinds of heartbreak and unnecessary separations and devastating breakups.
</p>
<h4 id="uR45Bu">
Sean Illing
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jzY2Dh">
One of the things I most appreciate about the argument you make in the book is that you emphasize love as a verb, not a noun. We have this idea of love as a passive thing, that it’s about feeling something rather than doing something.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xpy6mB">
But that’s wrong. Love is not something you have — it’s something you do.
</p>
<h4 id="lOq1d7">
Carrie Jenkins
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3wxFCF">
It’s not something you just fall in, like a hole in the ground, right? You don’t just find yourself in a loving relationship one day. You can have some feelings, then, what do you do with that?
</p>
<h4 id="vPiL5P">
Sean Illing
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LSH566">
You reference Victor Frankl quite a bit in the book, the famous Austrian psychiatrist who survived the Nazi concentration camps. And we both agree that he’s right when he says that the goal that makes life meaningful has to be something that points beyond ourselves.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QE6atf">
But for that exact reason, it means we can’t do this alone. So whatever form of love we aim at, it can’t just be about individual happiness. And part of figuring out how to love and, really, how to live, is knowing ourselves: what we value, what we want, what really matters.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nYoZ61">
But if you accept this very existentialist insight — and I do; I think you do as well — if you accept that our identities aren’t fixed, that we’re making it up as we go, then you also have to accept that there’s no one-size-fits-all model of love. And what you need from people and what they need from you will constantly change. If the person you love or the people you love don’t recognize that, then you have to really ask yourself if that’s the kind of love you want, or if it’s even love at all.
</p>
<h4 id="WgNDND">
Carrie Jenkins
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Io9902">
Right. If they’re loving something that they had in mind that you might be, but it’s not you, then they’re loving something that really is inside of them all along, and not the self, the being that you are, which is a living thing that grows and changes.
</p>
<h4 id="LtJ3ZV">
Sean Illing
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sZBBqt">
Or if they love a version of yourself that you’ve grown past.
</p>
<h4 id="9dutwS">
Carrie Jenkins
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5DcJdF">
Exactly. Right. They love a past time-slice of you.
</p>
<h4 id="QBesrh">
Sean Illing
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FZUWmS">
I think that happens a lot.
</p>
<h4 id="PaWaih">
Carrie Jenkins
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kJMp74">
You’re right that Victor Frankl’s a huge influence here. He’s actually the reason for the subtitle of this book. So it’s <em>Sad, Love: Romance and the Search for Meaning</em>, and Frankl’s book was called <em>Man’s Search For Meaning</em>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="X4zFeY">
But that’s why I chose that phrase for my subtitle: to respect what Frankl is saying about how you have to place meaningfulness and what you actually value at the center, and not happiness, in order to survive difficult situations.
</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Time to move on, says Harmanpreet on the Charlie Dean run-out</strong> - “Whatever we did was within the rules. There have been too many discussions and now we want to move on,” says the Indian women’s team skipper</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>New look MGC golf links all set to host Sportstar Open</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Speed Air, Storm Breaker, Zaneta, Kings Walk and Glorious Destiny please</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Emperor Roderic, Finch and Turmeric Tower impress</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sucre, De Villiers, The Sovereign Orb, Ascoval and Tranquilo please</strong> -</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Bharat Jodo Yatra should not be linked to one party, says Yogendra Yadav</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ED freezes crypto currency, Tether worth ₹47.64 lakh</strong> - The ED initiated the money laundering investigation on the basis of an FIR registered on February 15, 2021.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sitar symphony at palace today</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Christ College in Thrissur awarded A+ grading by SAAC</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>BJP will cover every village in Telugu States before next elections: Laxman</strong> -</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What Russian annexation means for Ukraine’s regions</strong> - How will Russia annex four occupied regions it does not fully control, while in the middle of a war?</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Survivors speak of horror as Zaporizhzhia convoy hit</strong> - At least 23 civilians were reportedly killed as they tried to enter Russian-held territory to deliver aid.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>US suggests Russia could be behind Nord Stream gas leaks</strong> - US Energy Secretary Jennifer Granholm tells the BBC its unlikely Nord Stream leaks are coincidence.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>UK to go to first meeting of European nations club</strong> - More than 40 leaders, including from all EU countries, were invited to discuss security and energy issues.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>NI Protocol: Cleverly to speak to Šefčovič amid fresh hopes for talks</strong> - Foreign Secretary James Cleverly will speak to his EU counterpart Maroš Šefčovič on Friday.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Qubits surf sound waves between quantum nodes</strong> - Sound waves in a piezoelectric material can steer electrons to precise destinations. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1885499">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Rocket Report: BE-4 engine breathes fire; Delta IV Heavy puts on a show</strong> - “Getting back out there might be a challenge.” - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1885393">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>FDA’s rotten definition of “healthy” food is finally getting tossed</strong> - For now, salmon, nuts are not eligible for “healthy” label, but sugary cereals are. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1885776">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>NASA and SpaceX are studying a Hubble telescope boost, adding 15 to 20 years of life</strong> - “It’s doing great science as we speak.” - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1885669">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>This underwater camera operates wirelessly without batteries</strong> - New ultra low-power imaging method employs underwater backscatter imaging. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1885419">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>I hired a transgender prostitute</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
I had never been to a brothel before, so the first thing I did was talk to several prostitutes to compare prices. One was much cheaper than the rest, and I asked her why. “I’m giving a discount right now because I’m basically relearning to have sex. I was assigned male at birth and just completed reassignment surgery. I’m looking for feedback on my performance.” I decided to give her a chance. I paid her, and we had amazing sex. She asked me to fill out a questionnaire before I left. I picked one up from the table and read the question “Were you satisfied with your trans action?”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/AnimusNoctis"> /u/AnimusNoctis </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/xrdmcf/i_hired_a_transgender_prostitute/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/xrdmcf/i_hired_a_transgender_prostitute/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>Why did the dog cross the road, roll in the dirt, and cross the road again?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Because he’s a dirty, double-crossing son of a b*tch.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
<em>edit</em> And a such GOOD one, yes he IS!
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/TimeLuckBug"> /u/TimeLuckBug </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/xronj1/why_did_the_dog_cross_the_road_roll_in_the_dirt/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/xronj1/why_did_the_dog_cross_the_road_roll_in_the_dirt/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>You can tell that Wolverine is a Canadian character written by an American</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
His superpower is healthcare
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/LiesOfTheSith"> /u/LiesOfTheSith </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/xrfqcj/you_can_tell_that_wolverine_is_a_canadian/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/xrfqcj/you_can_tell_that_wolverine_is_a_canadian/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>Monastery Spelling Mistake</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A new monk arrives at the monastery. He is assigned to help the other monks in copying the old texts by hand. He notices, however, that they are copying copies, and not the original books.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
So, the new monk goes to the head monk to ask him about this. He points out that if there was an error in the first copy, that error would be continued in all of the other copies. The head monk says, “We have been copying from the copies for centuries, but you make a good point, my son.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
So, he goes down into the cellar with one of the copies to check it against the original. Hours later, nobody has seen him. So, one of the monks goes downstairs to look for him. He hears sobbing coming from the back of the cellar and finds the old monk leaning over one of the original books crying. He asks what’s wrong.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“You fuckers”, he says, with anger and sadness in his eyes, “the word was celebrate!”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/EmergencyLeading8137"> /u/EmergencyLeading8137 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/xrsr05/monastery_spelling_mistake/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/xrsr05/monastery_spelling_mistake/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>My wife asked why I was whispering.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
I told her that Mark Zuckerburg might be listening.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Then she laughed, and Siri laughed, and Alexa laughed.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Clazzo524"> /u/Clazzo524 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/xrvia6/my_wife_asked_why_i_was_whispering/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/xrvia6/my_wife_asked_why_i_was_whispering/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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