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192 lines
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<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes" name="viewport"/>
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<title>21 April, 2023</title>
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<title>Covid-19 Sentry</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
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<li><strong>Establishment of a screening platform based on human coronavirus OC43 for the identification of microbial natural products with antiviral activity</strong> -
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<div>
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Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) cause respiratory tract infections and are of great importance due to the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Human betacoronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) is an adequate surrogate for SARS-CoV-2 because it infects the human respiratory system, presents a comparable biology, and is transmitted in a similar way. Its use is advantageous since it only requires biosafety level (BSL)-2 infrastructure which minimizes costs and biosafety associated limitations. In this report, we describe a high-throughput screening (HTS) platform to identify compounds that inhibit the propagation of HCoV-OC43. Optimization of assays based on inhibition of the cytopathic effect and virus immunodetection with a specific antibody, has provided a robust methodology for the screening of a selection of microbial natural product extracts from the Fundacion MEDINA collection. Using this approach, a subset of 1280 extracts has been explored. Of these, upon hit confirmation and early LC-MS dereplication, 10 extracts were identified that contain potential new compounds. In addition, we report on the novel antiviral activity of some previously described natural products whose presence in bioactive extracts was confirmed by LC/MS analysis.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.20.537680v1" target="_blank">Establishment of a screening platform based on human coronavirus OC43 for the identification of microbial natural products with antiviral activity</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Overburdened Bureaucrats: Providing Equal Access to Public Services during COVID-19</strong> -
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Discriminatory treatment of minorities by bureaucrats remains a serious challenge. A dominant explanation argues that bureaucrats discriminate because of high workloads in public organizations, but few empirical studies test this outside of the lab. In this study, I investigate whether workload matters for discrimination in a real-world public service context during the COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark in 2020. I document that unemployment services experienced a substantial increase in workload due to a 20% rise in unemployment and exploit the fact that the increase happened suddenly and spread asymmetrically. I use micro-level register data on bureaucrat-client interactions on more than 380,000 unemployed and examine whether bureaucrats provided fewer services to citizens of non-Western descent. The finding reveals that the substantial workload associated with the COVID-19 pandemic did not lead to increased discrimination. I discuss the special circumstances associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and the possible role of organizational structure and professional norms.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/zmt5y/" target="_blank">Overburdened Bureaucrats: Providing Equal Access to Public Services during COVID-19</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Machine learning detection of SARS-CoV-2 high-risk variants</strong> -
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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has evolved many high-risk variants, resulting in repeated COVID-19 waves of pandemic during the past years. Therefore, accurate early-warning of high-risk variants is vital for epidemic prevention and control. Here we construct a machine learning model to predict high-risk variants of SARS-CoV-2 by LightGBM algorithm based on several important haplotype network features. As demonstrated on a series of different retrospective testing datasets, our model achieves accurate prediction of all variants of concern (VOC) and most variants of interest (AUC=0.96). Prediction based on the latest sequences shows that the newly emerging lineage BA.5 has the highest risk score and spreads rapidly to become a major epidemic lineage in multiple countries, suggesting that BA.5 bears great potential to be a VOC. In sum, our machine learning model is capable to early predict high-risk variants soon after their emergence, thus greatly improving public health preparedness against the evolving virus.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.19.537460v1" target="_blank">Machine learning detection of SARS-CoV-2 high-risk variants</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Mobilisation and analyses of publicly available SARS-CoV-2 data for pandemic responses</strong> -
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The COVID-19 pandemic has seen large-scale pathogen genomic sequencing efforts, becoming part of the toolbox for surveillance and epidemic research. This resulted in an unprecedented level of data sharing to open repositories, which has actively supported the identification of SARS-CoV-2 structure, molecular interactions, mutations and variants, and facilitated vaccine development and drug reuse studies and design. The European COVID-19 Data Platform was launched to support this data sharing, and has resulted in the deposition of several million SARS-CoV-2 raw reads. In this paper we describe (1) open data sharing, (2) tools for submission, analysis, visualisation and data claiming (e.g. ORCiD), (3) the systematic analysis of these datasets, at scale via the SARS-CoV-2 Data Hubs as well as (4) lessons learned. As a component of the Platform, the SARS-CoV-2 Data Hubs enabled the extension and set up of infrastructure that we intend to use more widely in the future for pathogen surveillance and pandemic preparedness.
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</div>
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.19.537514v1" target="_blank">Mobilisation and analyses of publicly available SARS-CoV-2 data for pandemic responses</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 utilization of ACE2 from different bat species allows for virus entry and replication in vitro</strong> -
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) is believed to have a zoonotic origin. Bats are a suspected natural host of SARS-CoV-2 because of sequence homology with other bat coronaviruses. Understanding the origin of the virus and determining species susceptibility is essential for managing the transmission potential during a pandemic. In a previous study, we established an in vitro animal model of SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and replication in a non-permissive avian fibroblast cell line (DF1) based on expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) from different animal species. In this work, we express the ACE2 of seven bat species in DF1 cells and determine their ability to support attachment and replication of the original SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan lineage virus, as well as two variants, Delta and Lambda. We demonstrate that the ACE2 receptor of all seven species: little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus), great roundleaf bat (Hipposideros armiger), Pearson’s horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus pearsonii), greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum), Brazilian free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis), Egyptian rousette (Rousettus aegyptiacus), and Chinese rufous horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus sinicus), made the DF1 cells permissible to the three isolates of SARS-CoV-2. However, the level of virus replication differed between bat species and variant tested. In addition, the Wuhan lineage SARS-CoV-2 virus replicated to higher titers (104.5 -105.5 TCID50) than either variant virus (103.5-104.5 TCID50) on pass 1. Interestingly, all viruses tested grew to higher titers (approximately 106 TCID50) when cells expressed the human ACE2 gene compared to bat ACE2. This study provides a practical in vitro method for further testing of animal species for potential susceptibility to current and emerging SARS-CoV-2 viruses.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.19.537521v1" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 utilization of ACE2 from different bat species allows for virus entry and replication in vitro</a>
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<li><strong>A rapid review of the effectiveness, efficiency, and acceptability of surgical hubs in supporting planned care activity</strong> -
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The COVID-19 pandemic further exacerbated disruptions to elective care services in the UK, leading to longer waits for treatment and a growing elective surgery backlog. There have been growing calls for the creation of surgical hubs to help reduce this backlog. Surgical hubs aim to increase surgical capacity by providing quicker access to procedures, as well as facilitate infection control by segregating patients and staff from emergency care. This rapid review aimed to assess the effectiveness, efficiency, and acceptability of surgical hubs in supporting planned care activity, to inform the implementation of these hubs in Wales. The review identified evidence available up until January 2023. Twelve primary studies were included, eight of which used comparative methods. Most of the studies were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic and described surgical hubs designed mainly to mitigate the transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Outcome measures reported included clinical, performance, economic, and patient reported outcomes across a variety of different surgical disciplines. Most of the studies did not describe surgical hubs based on their structure, i.e., standalone, integrated, or ring-fenced hubs. The evidence relating to the impact of surgical hubs on clinical outcomes appeared to be heterogenous and limited. Included studies did not appear to control for the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on outcomes. Evidence of the impact of surgical hubs on performance outcomes such as efficiency, utilisation/usage, volume of surgeries/treatments, performance, cancellations, and time from diagnosis to treatment is limited. Evidence relating to the economic impact of surgical hubs is also limited, however there is evidence to suggest that total average costs are lower in surgical hubs when compared to general hospitals. Evidence relating to the impact of surgical hubs on patient reported outcomes is limited but indicates there may be a positive effect on patient satisfaction and compliance. Considerable variation in the types of surgical hubs reviewed, surgical disciplines, along with the small number of comparative studies, as well as methodological limitations across included studies, could limit the applicability of these findings.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.20.23288815v1" target="_blank">A rapid review of the effectiveness, efficiency, and acceptability of surgical hubs in supporting planned care activity</a>
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<li><strong>Mortality among persons with HIV in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-level analysis</strong> -
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Background: Whether COVID-19 has had a disproportionate impact on mortality among persons with diagnosed HIV (PWDH) in United States is unclear. Through our macro-scale analysis, we seek to better understand how COVID-19 and subsequent behavioral changes affected mortality among PWDH. Methods: We obtained mortality and population size data for the years 2018-2020 from the National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS) for the PWDH population aged ≥13 years in the United States, and from publicly available data for the general population. We computed mortality rates and excess mortality for both the general and PWDH populations. Stratifications by age, race/ethnicity, and sex-at birth were considered. For each group, we determined whether the 2020 mortality rates and mortality risk ratio showed a statistically significant change from 2018-2019. Results: Mortality rates increased in 2020 from 2018-2019 across the general population in all groups. Among PWDH, mortality rates either increased, or showed no statistically significant change. The mortality risk ratio between PWDH and the general population decreased 7.7% in 2020. Approximately 1550 excess deaths occurred among PWDH in 2020, with Black, Hispanic/Latino and PWDH above 55 and older representing the majority of excess deaths. Conclusions: While mortality rates among PWDH increased in 2020 relative to 2018-2019, the increases were smaller than those observed in the general population. This suggests that COVID-19 and resulting behavioral changes among PWDH did not result in disproportionate mortality among PWDH. These findings suggest that COVID-19, and any associated indirect effects, do not represent a proportionally greater risk for PWDH compared to the general population.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.19.23288817v1" target="_blank">Mortality among persons with HIV in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-level analysis</a>
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<li><strong>COVID-19 testing avoidance among patients with cardiovascular disease</strong> -
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Background: Rapid coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) testing in symptomatic cases is extremely important for preventing the spread of COVID-19 infection and early therapeutic intervention. In contrast, whether symptomatic patients are tested depends largely on their health literacy, interpretation, and knowledge of COVID-19. We aimed to investigate the rate of COVID-19 testing avoidance despite having common cold symptoms in patients with cardiovascular disease and examine factors related to testing avoidance. Methods: A large-scale epidemiological questionnaire survey, the Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey 2022 (JACSIS), was conducted online from April to May 2022. The rate of COVID-19 testing avoidance was investigated in patients aged 20 to 80 years with cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, or diabetes) or a history of cardiovascular disease (angina, myocardial infarction, or stroke), only those exhibiting common cold symptoms during the 2 months in the survey. Results: Of the 1,565 eligible patients, 58% (909 patients) did not undergo COVID-19 testing. Multivariate analysis revealed that older age, obesity, non-walking regularly, long sedentary time, eating alone, frequent snacking, and having received 4 COVID-19 vaccinations were independently associated with testing avoidance. Conclusions: In the chronic phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, prompt COVID-19 testing at the time of symptomatic disease is important, and strategies to reduce testing hesitancy should be considered.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.17.23288710v1" target="_blank">COVID-19 testing avoidance among patients with cardiovascular disease</a>
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<li><strong>An estimate of pediatric lives saved due to non-pharmacologic interventions during the early COVID-19 pandemic</strong> -
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The net effect of the pandemic mitigation strategies on childhood mortality is not known. During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, mitigation policies and behaviors were widespread, and although vaccinations and effective treatments were not yet widely available, the risk of death from SARS-CoV-2 infection was low. In that first year, there was a 7% decrease in medical (“natural causes”) mortality among children ages 0-9 during the first pandemic year (5% among infants <1 year and 15% among children ages 1-9) in the United States, resulting in an estimated 1,488 deaths due to medical causes averted among children ages 0-9, and 1,938 deaths averted over 24 months. The usual expected surge in winter medical deaths, particularly among children ages >1 year was absent. However, smaller increases in external (“non-natural causes”) mortality were also observed during the study period, which decreased the overall number of pediatric deaths averted during both years and the pandemic period. In total, 1,468 fewer all-cause pediatric deaths than expected occurred in the United States during the first 24 months of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.18.23288763v1" target="_blank">An estimate of pediatric lives saved due to non-pharmacologic interventions during the early COVID-19 pandemic</a>
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<li><strong>OVERVIEW OF ETHICS COMMITTEE REGISTRATION AND RE-REGISTRATION WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH RESEARCH IN INDIA</strong> -
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The Government of India requires all ethics committees (EC) to register themselves with the Department of Health Research (DHR) and the study aimed to analyze the same. Since post-graduation mandates research-necessitating the presence of EC in the institution-we aimed to analyze the status of registrations along with the presence of ECs in National Medical Council(NMC) and Dental Council of India(DCI)-permitted colleges and also to study zone-wise differences in the same. We also studied the impact of COVID-19 on the registration process. The status of ECs was obtained from the DHR website. ECs information was extracted [location, date & type of Approval]. The search terms “College” and “Hospital” were used to locate Institutional ECs (IEC). A list of Medical and Dental colleges was obtained from the NMC and DCI Websites with their location information. Of 931 IECs, 103(11.06%) had final, 728(78.2%) had provisional approval while 100(10.74%) ECs registration had expired. The median delay to file for provisional approval was 857 (IQR=407) days. The expired ECs functioning without registration for 90 (IQR=131) days. 440 of 931 (47.3%) ECs got registered during the COVID-19 period. The IEC to Medical Colleges ratio shows a significant zone-wise difference (Kruskal-Wallis, p=0.019) with the Northern Zone having the highest mean ratio of 0.90(SD=0.63). It is vital to improve DHR compliance and the EC/College Ratio for appropriate ethical governance and improve international acceptance of Indian Research.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.19.23288784v1" target="_blank">OVERVIEW OF ETHICS COMMITTEE REGISTRATION AND RE-REGISTRATION WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH RESEARCH IN INDIA</a>
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<li><strong>Looking under the lamp-post: quantifying the performance of contact tracing in the United States during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic</strong> -
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Contact tracing forms a crucial part of the public-health toolbox in mitigating and understanding emergent pathogens and nascent disease outbreaks. Contact tracing in the United States was conducted during the pre-Omicron phase of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This tracing relied on voluntary reporting and responses, often using rapid antigen tests (with a high false negative rate) due to lack of accessibility to PCR tests. These limitations, combined with SARS-CoV-2s propensity for asymptomatic transmission, raise the question how reliable was contact tracing for COVID-19 in the United States? We answered this question using a Markov model to examine the efficiency with which transmission could be detected based on the design and response rates of contact tracing studies in the United States. Our results suggest that contact tracing protocols in the U.S. are unlikely to have identified more than 1.65% (95% uncertainty interval: 1.62%-1.68%) of transmission events with PCR testing and 0.88% (95% uncertainty interval 0.86%-0.89%) with rapid antigen testing. When considering an optimal scenario, based on compliance rates in East Asia with PCR testing, this increases to 62.7% (95% uncertainty interval: 62.6%-62.8%). These findings highlight the limitations in interpretability for studies of SARS-CoV-2 disease spread based on U.S. contact tracing and underscore the vulnerability of the population to future disease outbreaks, for SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.27.23287812v2" target="_blank">Looking under the lamp-post: quantifying the performance of contact tracing in the United States during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic</a>
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<li><strong>Population-Based Model of the Fraction of Incidental COVID-19 Hospitalizations During the Omicron BA.1 Wave in the United States</strong> -
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Background. Some reports have suggested that as many as one-half of all hospital inpatients identified as COVID-19-positive during the Omicron BA.1 variant-driven wave were incidental cases admitted primarily for reasons other than their viral infections. To date, however, there are no prospective longitudinal studies of a representative panel of hospitals based on pre-established criteria for determining whether a patient was in fact admitted as a result of the disease. Materials and Methods. To fill this gap, we developed a formula to estimate the fraction of incidental COVID-19 hospitalizations that relies upon measurable, population-based parameters. We applied our approach to a longitudinal panel of 164 counties throughout the United States, covering a 4-week interval ending in the first week of January 2022. Results. Within this panel, we estimated that COVID-19 incidence was rising exponentially at a rate of 9.34% per day (95% CI, 8.93-9.87). Assuming that only one-quarter of all Omicron BA.1 infections had been reported by public authorities, we further estimated the aggregate prevalence of active SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first week of January to be 3.45%. During the same week, among 250 high-COVID-volume hospitals within our 164-county panel, an estimated 1 in 4 inpatients was COVID-positive. Based upon these estimates, we computed that 10.6% of such COVID-19-positive hospitalized patients were incidental infections. Across individual counties, the median fraction of incidental COVID-19 hospitalizations was 9.5%, with an interquartile range of 6.7 to 12.7%. Conclusion. Incidental COVID-19 infections appear to have been a nontrivial fraction of all COVID-19-positive hospitalized patients during the Omicron BA.1 wave. In the aggregate, however, the burden of patients admitted for complications of their viral infections was far greater.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.22.22269700v4" target="_blank">Population-Based Model of the Fraction of Incidental COVID-19 Hospitalizations During the Omicron BA.1 Wave in the United States</a>
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<li><strong>Preliminary clinical characteristics of Pediatric Covid-19 cases during the ongoing Omicron XBB.1.16 driven surge in a north Indian city</strong> -
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ABSTRACT India is experiencing a new surge in Covid-19 cases in most parts of the country. A new sub-variant of Omicron, XBB.1.16 which is far more aggressive and immune evasive than other sub-lineages of Omicron, is responsible for this outbreak. In this preliminary account, we describe key clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infected children, visiting an outdoor department of a pediatric hospital in a north Indian city. Our preliminary findings show a higher involvement of young infants than older children and mild respiratory illness predominates other presentations. One interesting finding was the presence of itchy, non-purulent conjunctivitis with mucoid discharge and stickiness of eyelids in 42.8% of positive infants. None of the children required hospitalization. All recovered with symptomatic treatment.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.18.23288715v1" target="_blank">Preliminary clinical characteristics of Pediatric Covid-19 cases during the ongoing Omicron XBB.1.16 driven surge in a north Indian city</a>
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<li><strong>Brief Multimodal Intervention to Address Bedtime Procrastination and Sleep through Self-Compassion and Sleep Hygiene during Stressful Times</strong> -
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Bedtime procrastination is increasingly recognized as a widespread impediment to health-promoting sleep. Based on its potential malleability, bedtime procrastination is starting to be targeted for intervention using traditional health behavior models, but other cognitive and emotional factors that potentially modulate bedtime procrastination warrant more targeted intervention. The present research recruited college students (n = 93) with self-reported tendencies toward bedtime procrastination and low self-compassion early in the COVID-19 pandemic, and it examined a hybrid intervention model involving a single group meeting and home practices that focused on comprehensive sleep hygiene or intentional self-compassion practices, simultaneously leveraging social motivation and commitment. It also examined bedtime procrastination, sleep, emotion regulation, and procrastinatory cognitions. The study showed evidence for feasibility, acceptability, reduced bedtime procrastination, improved sleep, and moderated mediation whereby the relationship between increased self-compassion and decreased bedtime procrastination was mediated by improved emotion regulation for those with elevated reductions in procrastinatory cognition. Predictors of bedtime procrastination reduction and other relevant sequelae differed between self-compassion and sleep hygiene virtual trainings. Thus, the present research expands and synthesizes a burgeoning literature, suggesting that integrating effective elements into acceptable interventions may help reverse a cycle of self-criticism, emotion dysregulation, bedtime procrastination, and sleep-related difficulties for many who might benefit.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.16.23288655v1" target="_blank">Brief Multimodal Intervention to Address Bedtime Procrastination and Sleep through Self-Compassion and Sleep Hygiene during Stressful Times</a>
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<li><strong>Outcomes of non-hospitalized isolation service during COVID-19 pandemic</strong> -
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Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or COVID-19 affected more than 500 million patients worldwide and overwhelmed hospital resources. Rapid increase of new cases forced patient isolation to be conduct outside the hospital where many strategies have been implemented. This study aimed to compare outcomes among non-hospitalized isolation service. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic adult patients who were allocated to home isolation, community isolation, and hospitel (i.e., hotel isolation) under service of Ramathibodi Hospital and Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute. Variables including patients9 characteristics, comorbidities, symptoms, and medication were retrieved for use in inverse-probability-weighted regression adjustment model. Risks and risk differences (RDs) of death, oxygen requirement, and hospitalization were estimated from the model afterward. Results: A total of 3869 patients were included in the analysis. Mean age was 41.8 +/- 16.5 years. Cough was presented in 62.2% of patients, followed by hyposmia (43.7%), runny nose (43.5%), sore throat (42.2%), and fever (38.6%). Among the isolation strategies, hospitel yielded the lowest risks of death (0.3%), oxygen requirement (4.5%), and hospitalization (3.3%). Hospitel had significantly lower oxygen requirements and hospitalization rates compared with home isolation with the RDs (95% CI) of -0.016 (-0.029, -0.002) and -0.025 (-0.038, -0.012), respectively. Death rates did not differ among isolation strategies. Conclusion: Non-hospitalized isolation is feasible and could ameliorate hospital demands. Given the lowest risks of death, hospitalization, and oxygen requirement, hospitel might be the best isolation strategy.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.19.23288791v1" target="_blank">Outcomes of non-hospitalized isolation service during COVID-19 pandemic</a>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effectiveness and Safety of Quinine Sulfate as add-on Therapy for COVID-19 in Hospitalized Adults in Indonesia ( DEAL-COVID19 )</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Standard of Care + Quinine Sulfate; Drug: Standard of Care<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Universitas Padjadjaran; National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia; Prodia Diacro Laboratories P.T.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Efficacy of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes in Treating Chronic Cough After COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Long COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Biological: MSC-derived exosomes<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Huazhong University of Science and Technology; REGEN-αGEEK (SHENZHEN) MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy and Safety of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir for Treating Omicron Variant of COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Omicron Variant of COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Drug: Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Xiangao Jiang<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study of mRNA-1283.222 Injection Compared With mRNA-1273.222 Injection in Participants ≥12 Years of Age to Prevent COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: mRNA-1283.222; Biological: mRNA-1273.222<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: ModernaTX, Inc.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>To Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Meplazumab in Treatment of COVID-19 Sequelae</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: Meplazumab for injection; Other: Normal saline<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Jiangsu Pacific Meinuoke Bio Pharmaceutical Co Ltd<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluation of the RD-X19 Treatment Device in Individuals With Mild COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Device: RD-X19; Device: Sham<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: EmitBio Inc.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Clinical Study for the Efficacy and Safety of Ropeginterferon Alfa-2b in Adult COVID-19 Patients With Comorbidities</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Ropeginterferon alfa-2b; Procedure: SOC<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: National Taiwan University Hospital<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Assessment of Immunogenicity, Safety and Reactogenicity of a Booster Dose of Various COVID-19 Vaccine Platforms in Individuals Primed With Several Regimes.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: SCB-2019/Clover; Biological: AstraZeneca/Fiocruz; Biological: Pfizer/Wyeth<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: D’Or Institute for Research and Education; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Postoperative Sugammadex After COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: General Anesthesia; COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Sugammadex Sodium; Drug: neostigmine 50µg/kg + glycopyrollate 0.01mg/kg<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Korea University Ansan Hospital<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2/3 Study to Determine the Safety and Effectiveness of Azeliragon in the Treatment of Patients Hospitalized for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Azeliragon; Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Salim S. Hayek<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Tailored COVID-19 Testing Support Plan for Francophone African Born Immigrants</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID19 Testing<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: FABI tailored COVID-19 testing pamphlet; Behavioral: Standard COVID-19 home-based test kit<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Texas Woman’s University; National Institutes of Health (NIH)<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cognitive-behavioral Therapy for Mental Disorder in COVID-19 Survivors</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Post Acute COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Behavioral: mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale di Lecco<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy of Lactobacillus Paracasei PS23 for Patients With Post-COVID-19 Syndrome</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Post-COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Dietary Supplement: PS23 heat-treated<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Mackay Memorial Hospital; Bened Biomedical Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Exploring the Effect of Video Interventions on Intentions for Continued COVID-19 Vaccination</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Vaccine Refusal; COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: Informational Video; Behavioral: Altruistic Video; Behavioral: Individualistic Video<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Sir Mortimer B. Davis - Jewish General Hospital<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Building Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Randomized Controlled Trial</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Healthy; COVID-19; Distress, Emotional<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: RASMUS Resilience Training; Behavioral: Progressive Muscle Relaxation<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Medical University Innsbruck<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Prospecting native and analogous peptides with anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential derived from the trypsin inhibitor purified from tamarind seeds</strong> - The study aimed to prospect in silico native and analogous peptides with anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential derived from the trypsin inhibitor purified from tamarind seeds (TTIp). From the most stable theoretical model of TTIp (TTIp 56/287), in silico cleavage was performed for the theoretical identification of native peptides and generation of analogous peptides. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential was investigated through molecular dynamics (MD) simulation between the peptides and binding sites of…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Antiviral activities of hemp cannabinoids</strong> - Hemp is an understudied source of pharmacologically active compounds and many unique plant secondary metabolites including more than 100 cannabinoids. After years of legal restriction, research on hemp has recently demonstrated antiviral activities in silico, in vitro, and in vivo for cannabidiol (CBD), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), and several other cannabinoids against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), human…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Kinetics and ability of binding antibody and surrogate virus neutralization tests to predict neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant following BNT162b2 booster administration</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a significant drop in humoral immunity 6 months after booster administration. Anti-RBD IgG and Omicron sVNT assays were highly correlated and could predict neutralizing activity with moderate performance.</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>MHC class I links with severe pathogenicity in C57BL/6N mice infected with SARS-CoV-2/BMA8</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our work shows that host MHC molecules play a crucial role in the pathogenicity differences of SARS-CoV-2/BMA8 infection. This provides a more profound insight into the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, and contributes enlightenment and guidance for controlling the virus spread.</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Discovery and structural characterization of monkeypox virus methyltransferase VP39 inhibitors reveal similarities to SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 methyltransferase</strong> - Monkeypox is a disease with pandemic potential. It is caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), a double-stranded DNA virus from the Poxviridae family, that replicates in the cytoplasm and must encode for its own RNA processing machinery including the capping machinery. Here, we present crystal structures of its 2’-O-RNA methyltransferase (MTase) VP39 in complex with the pan-MTase inhibitor sinefungin and a series of inhibitors that were discovered based on it. A comparison of this 2’-O-RNA MTase…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Synthesis of SARS-CoV-2 M<sup>pro</sup> inhibitors bearing a cinnamic ester warhead with <em>in vitro</em> activity against human coronaviruses</strong> - COVID-19 now ranks among the most devastating global pandemics in history. The causative virus, SARS-CoV-2, is a new human coronavirus (hCoV) that spreads among humans and animals. Great efforts have been made to develop therapeutic agents to treat COVID-19, and among the available viral molecular targets, the cysteine protease SARS-CoV-2 M^(pro) is considered the most appealing one due to its essential role in viral replication. However, the inhibition of M^(pro) activity is an interesting…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Diosmetin alleviates acute lung injury caused by lipopolysaccharide by targeting barrier function</strong> - Acute lung injury (ALI) is an acute and devastating disease caused by systemic inflammation e.g. patients infected with bacteria and viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 have an unacceptably high mortality rate. It has been well documented that endothelial cell damage and repair play a central role in the pathogenesis of ALI because of its barrier function. Nevertheless, the leading compounds that effectively accelerate endothelial cell repair and improve barrier dysfunction in ALI are largely unknown. In…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Molecular Networking Accelerated Discovery of Biflavonoid Alkaloids from Cephalotaxus sinensis</strong> - Four undescribed biflavonoid alkaloids, sinenbiflavones A-D, were isolated from Cephalotaxus sinensis using a MS/MS-based molecular networking guided strategy. Their structures were elucidated by series of spectroscopic methods (HRESIMS, UV, IR, 1D, and 2D NMR). Sinenbiflavones A-D are the first examples of amentoflavone-type (C-3’-C-8’’) biflavonoid alkaloids. Meanwhile, sinenbiflavones B and D are the unique C-6-methylated amentoflavone-type biflavonoid alkaloids. Sinenbiflavone D showed weak…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Myeloperoxidase Inhibition in Heart Failure With Preserved or Mildly Reduced Ejection Fraction: SATELLITE Trial Results</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: AZD4831 inhibited myeloperoxidase and was well tolerated in patients with HF and LVEF ≥40%. Efficacy findings were exploratory due to early termination but warrant further clinical investigation of AZD4831.</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Awareness raising and dealing with methanol poisoning based on effective strategies</strong> - Intoxication with methanol most commonly occurs as a consequence of ingesting, inhaling, or coming into contact with formulations that include methanol as a base. Clinical manifestations of methanol poisoning include suppression of the central nervous system, gastrointestinal symptoms, and decompensated metabolic acidosis, which is associated with impaired vision and either early or late blindness within 0.5-4 h after ingestion. After ingestion, methanol concentrations in the blood that are…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ferrocenoyl-substituted quinolinone and coumarin as organometallic inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro main protease</strong> - The 3-chymotrypsin-like protease 3CLpro from SARS-CoV-2 is a potential target for antiviral drug development. In this work, three organometallic ferrocene-modified quinolinones and coumarins were compared to their benzoic acid ester analogues with regard to inhibition of 3CLpro using a HPLC-based assay with a 15mer model peptide as the substrate. In contrast to FRET-based assays, this allows direct identification of interference of buffer constituents with the inhibitors, as demonstrated by the…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Transcription factor <em>Dmrt1</em> triggers the SPRY1-NF-κB pathway to maintain testicular immune homeostasis and male fertility</strong> - Bacterial or viral infections, such as Brucella, mumps virus, herpes simplex virus, and Zika virus, destroy immune homeostasis of the testes, leading to spermatogenesis disorder and infertility. Of note, recent research shows that SARS-CoV-2 can infect male gonads and destroy Sertoli and Leydig cells, leading to male reproductive dysfunction. Due to the many side effects associated with antibiotic therapy, finding alternative treatments for inflammatory injury remains critical. Here, we found…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Selective translational control of cellular and viral mRNAs by RPS3 mRNA binding</strong> - RPS3, a universal core component of the 40S ribosomal subunit, interacts with mRNA at the entry channel. Whether RPS3 mRNA-binding contributes to specific mRNA translation and ribosome specialization in mammalian cells is unknown. Here we mutated RPS3 mRNA-contacting residues R116, R146 and K148 and report their impact on cellular and viral translation. R116D weakened cap-proximal initiation and promoted leaky scanning, while R146D had the opposite effect. Additionally, R146D and K148D displayed…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Discovery of Potent Pyrazoline-Based Covalent SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors</strong> - Among the various genes and proteins encoded by all coronaviruses, one particularly “druggable” or relatively easy-to-drug target is the coronavirus Main Protease (3CLproor Mpro), an enzyme that is involved in cleaving a long peptide translated by the viral genome into its individual protein components that are then assembled into the virus to enable viral replication in the cell. Inhibiting Mpro with a small-molecule antiviral would effectively stop the ability of the virus to replicate,…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Omicsynin B4 potently blocks coronavirus infection by inhibiting host proteases cathepsin L and TMPRSS2</strong> - The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants represents a major threat to public health and requires identification of novel therapeutic agents to address the unmet medical needs. Small molecules impeding viral entry through inhibition of spike protein priming proteases could have potent antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Omicsynin B4, a pseudo-tetrapeptides identified from Streptomyces sp. 1647, has potent antiviral activity against influenza A viruses in our previous study. Here, we found…</p></li>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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