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186 lines
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<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes" name="viewport"/>
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<title>04 November, 2022</title>
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<title>Covid-19 Sentry</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
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<li><strong>Appraised: The Persistent Evaluation of White Communities as More Valuable than Communities of Color</strong> -
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In recent years, journalists have told the stories of families having to erase evidence of their Blackness so that their homes are appraised at similar amounts as their White neighbors. These accounts epitomize the broader trends of racial inequality in home values recently documented by scholars. Yet, previous examinations of racial inequality in home values have not had access to appraisals themselves. This changed on Monday, October 24, 2022 when the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) released the Uniform Appraisal Dataset (UAD) Aggregate Statistics, which includes more than 47 million appraisal reports gathered from licensed appraisers between 2013 and the second quarter of 2022. “Appraised” uses this novel UAD data to evaluate neighborhood racial inequality in appraised values. Among other results, we find that neighborhood racial inequality in appraised values grew by 75% in the past decade and that the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated monetary policy further exacerbated this inequity. Racial inequality in home values directly contributes to persistent racial wealth gaps and residential segregation, which in turn influences racial inequalities in health, income, and educational outcomes. Home value inequalities are the result of appraisal practices that elevate White spaces as the most valuable. Addressing the increasing inequalities requires altering appraising practices and rectifying past injustices.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/6r5zs/" target="_blank">Appraised: The Persistent Evaluation of White Communities as More Valuable than Communities of Color</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>COVID-19 and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: a common susceptibility pattern?</strong> -
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Objective To explore the link between COVID-19 incidence, socio-economic covariates, and NHL incidence. Design Ecological study design. Setting Sardinia, Italy. Participants We used official reports on the total cases of COVID-19 in 2020, published data on NHL incidence, and socio-economic indicators by administrative unit, covering the whole regional population. Main outcomes and measures We used multivariable regression analysis to explore the association between the natural logarithm (ln) of the 2020 cumulative incidence of COVID-19 and the ln-transformed NHL incidence in 1974-2003, weighing by population size and adjusting by socioeconomic deprivation and other covariates. Results The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 increased in relation to past incidence of NHL (p < 0.001), socioeconomic deprivation (p = 0.006), and proportion of elderly residents (p < 0.001) and decreased with urban residency (p = 0.001). Several sensitivity analyses confirmed the finding of an association between COVID-19 and NHL. Conclusion This ecological study found an ecological association between NHL and COVID-19. If further investigation would confirm our findings, shared susceptibility factors should be investigated among the plausible underlying mechanisms.
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</p>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.01.22281794v1" target="_blank">COVID-19 and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: a common susceptibility pattern?</a>
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<li><strong>Use of Interviewer-Administered Telephone Surveys during Infectious Disease Outbreaks, Epidemics, and Pandemics: A Scoping Review</strong> -
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Introduction During the COVID-19 crisis, researchers had to collect data remotely. Telephone surveys and interviews can quickly gather data from a distance without heavy expense. Although interviewer-administered telephone surveys (IATS) can accommodate the needs in international public health research, the literature on its use during infectious disease outbreaks is scarce. This scoping review aimed to map characteristics of IATS during infectious disease outbreaks. Methods IATS conducted principally during infectious disease outbreaks and answered by informants at least 18 years old were searched from PubMed and EBSCO. There was a manual addition of relevant documents identified during an initial search. Global trends were reported using different groupings, and study details were compared between before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results 70 IATS published between 2003 and 2022 were identified. 57.1 % were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the COVID-19 pandemic, some changes in the use of this data collection modality were observed. The proportion of IATS in LMICs rose from 3.3 % before the COVID-19 pandemic to 32.5 %. The share of qualitative studies grew from 6.7 % to 32.5 %. IATS performed during the COVID-19 pandemic focused on more diverse, specific population groups, such as patients and healthcare professionals. The usage of mobile phones to do IATS studies increased from 3.3 % to 25.0 %. Conclusion IATS are used globally with high frequency in the Western Pacific Region and high income countries. During the COVID-19 pandemic, IATS was performed in more countries to investigate more diverse target populations. Nonetheless, researchers should consider how to address technical and financial challenges for ITAS to be more inclusive and representative. For better use and more efficient deployment of IATS, methodological details need to be exchanged.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.01.22281787v1" target="_blank">Use of Interviewer-Administered Telephone Surveys during Infectious Disease Outbreaks, Epidemics, and Pandemics: A Scoping Review</a>
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<li><strong>The Longitudinal Analysis of Convergent Antibody VDJ Regions in SARS-CoV-2 Positive Patients Using RNA-seq</strong> -
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The severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected over 600 million individuals and caused over 6.5 million deaths. To understand the immune response individuals have from the SARS-CoV-2 infection, we studied the immunoglobulins against the viral antigens. The diversified complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) can be used to characterize an antibody. We downloaded four public RNA-seq data sets that were collected between March 2020 and March 2022 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) in our longitudinal analysis. In total, there were 269 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients and 26 negative patients who served as a control group. Samples were grouped based on their SARS-CoV-2 variant type and/or the time they were collected. Among 629,137 immunoglobulin V(D)J sequences identified by reconstructing the V(D)J sequences, we found 1011 common V(D)Js (same V gene, J gene and CDR3 sequences in each SARS-CoV-2 positive group) shared by more than one patient in each group and no common V(D)Js were from the negative control group. In our clustering analysis, we identified 129 convergent clusters from the SARS-CoV-2 positive groups. One of these convergent clusters matched the protein sequence of crystal 3D structures of the antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). In our longitudinal analysis between the Alpha and Omicron variant, we found 2.7% of common CDR3s were shared although the longitudinal profiling of common V(D)Js was variant specific. Although diverse immunoglobulin profiles were observed, the convergence of common V(D)Js suggests that there exists antibodies with similar antigenic specificities across patients in different groups over various stages of the pandemic.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.02.514944v1" target="_blank">The Longitudinal Analysis of Convergent Antibody VDJ Regions in SARS-CoV-2 Positive Patients Using RNA-seq</a>
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<li><strong>Towards increased accuracy and reproducibility in SARS-CoV-2 next generation sequence analysis for public health surveillance</strong> -
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 surveillance efforts integrated genome sequencing of clinical samples to identify emergent viral variants and to support rapid experimental examination of genome-informed vaccine and therapeutic designs. Given the broad range of methods applied to generate new viral genomes, it is critical that consensus and variant calling tools yield consistent results across disparate pipelines. Here we examine the impact of sequencing technologies (Illumina and Oxford Nanopore) and 7 different downstream bioinformatic protocols on SARS-CoV-2 variant calling as part of the NIH Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV) Tracking Resistance and Coronavirus Evolution (TRACE) initiative, a public-private partnership established to address the COVID-19 outbreak. Our results indicate that bioinformatic workflows can yield consensus genomes with different single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertions, and/or deletions even when using the same raw sequence input datasets. We introduce the use of a specific suite of parameters and protocols that greatly improves the agreement among pipelines developed by diverse organizations. Such consistency among bioinformatic pipelines is fundamental to SARS-CoV-2 and future pathogen surveillance efforts. The application of analysis standards is necessary to more accurately document phylogenomic trends and support data-driven public health responses.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.03.515010v1" target="_blank">Towards increased accuracy and reproducibility in SARS-CoV-2 next generation sequence analysis for public health surveillance</a>
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<li><strong>Association of SARS-CoV-2 BA.4/BA.5 Omicron lineages with immune escape and clinical outcome</strong> -
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Expansion of the SARS-CoV-2 BA.4 and BA.5 Omicron subvariants in populations with prevalent immunity from prior infection and vaccination, and associated burden of severe COVID-19, has raised concerns about epidemiologic characteristics of these lineages including their association with immune escape or severe clinical outcomes. Here we show that BA.4/BA.5 cases had 15% (95% confidence interval: 9-21%) and 38% (27-49%) higher adjusted odds of having received 3 and ≥4 COVID-19 vaccine doses, respectively, than time-matched BA.2 cases, as well as 55% (43-69%) higher adjusted odds of prior documented infection. However, after adjusting for differences in epidemiologic characteristics among cases with each lineage, BA.4/BA.5 infection was not associated with differential risk of emergency department presentation, hospital admission, or intensive care unit admission following an initial outpatient diagnosis. This finding held in sensitivity analyses correcting for potential exposure misclassification resulting from unascertained prior infections. Our results demonstrate that the reduced severity associated with prior (BA.1 and BA.2) Omicron lineages, relative to the Delta variant, has persisted with BA.4/BA.5, despite the association of BA.4/BA.5 with increased risk of breakthrough infection among previously vaccinated or infected individuals.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.31.22278258v2" target="_blank">Association of SARS-CoV-2 BA.4/BA.5 Omicron lineages with immune escape and clinical outcome</a>
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<li><strong>Estimating the impact of implementation and timing of COVID-19 vaccination programme in Brazil: a counterfactual analysis</strong> -
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Background: Vaccines developed between 2020 - 2021 against the SARS-CoV-2 virus were designed to diminish the severity and prevent deaths due to COVID-19. However, estimates of the effectiveness of vaccination campaigns in achieving these goals remain a methodological challenge. In this work, we developed a Bayesian statistical model to estimate the number of deaths and hospitalisations averted by vaccination of older adults (above 60 years old) in Brazil. Methods: We fit a linear model to predict the number of deaths and hospitalisations of older adults as a function of vaccination coverage in this group and casualties in younger adults. We used this model in a counterfactual analysis, simulating alternative scenarios without vaccination or with faster vaccination roll-out. We estimated the direct effects of COVID-19 vaccination by computing the difference between hypothetical and realised scenarios. Findings: We estimated that more than 165,000 individuals above 60 years of age were not hospitalised due to COVID-19 in the first seven months of the vaccination campaign. An additional contingent of 104,000 hospitalisations could have been averted if vaccination had started earlier. We also estimated that more than 58 thousand lives were saved by vaccinations in the period analysed for the same age group and that an additional 47 thousand lives could have been saved had the Brazilian government started the vaccination programme earlier. Interpretation: Our estimates provided a lower bound for vaccination impacts in Brazil, demonstrating the importance of preventing the suffering and loss of older Brazilian adults. Once vaccines were approved, an early vaccination roll-out could have saved many more lives, especially when facing a pandemic.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.24.21268384v5" target="_blank">Estimating the impact of implementation and timing of COVID-19 vaccination programme in Brazil: a counterfactual analysis</a>
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<li><strong>Modeling and Global Sensitivity Analysis of Strategies to Mitigate Covid-19 Transmission on a Structured College Campus</strong> -
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In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many higher educational institutions moved their courses on-line in hopes of slowing disease spread. The advent of multiple highly-effective vaccines offers the promise of a return to ``normal99 in-person operations, but it is not clear if—or for how long—campuses should employ non-pharmaceutical interventions such as requiring masks or capping the size of in-person courses. In this study, we develop and fine-tune a model of COVID-19 spread to UC Merced9s student and faculty population. We perform a global sensitivity analysis to consider how both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions impact disease spread. Our work reveals that vaccines alone may not be sufficient to eradicate disease dynamics and that significant contact with an infectious surrounding community will maintain infections on-campus. Our work provides a foundation for higher-education planning allowing campuses to balance the benefits of in-person instruction with the ability to quarantine/isolate infectious individuals.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.01.22273316v2" target="_blank">Modeling and Global Sensitivity Analysis of Strategies to Mitigate Covid-19 Transmission on a Structured College Campus</a>
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<li><strong>Contagious economic failure? Discourses around “zombie firms” in Covid-19 ridden Germany and Italy</strong> -
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As the spread of Covid-19 hit societies around the world, governments stepped up to contain the pandemic’s economic shock. Governments saved businesses and stabilized employment through extensive fiscal relief packages. In this paper, we analyze public debates around zombie firms – businesses that are unprofitable and/or unable to pay interests on their debt but still receive public aid. In popular culture, zombies are contagious creatures that threaten the “healthy” order of society; in economic discourse, we suggest, the zombie trope is no less rich in cultural meaning and metaphor. Specifically, we are interested in how narrative meaning around zombie firms can be employed to describe the role of the state and the role of the market in addressing economic crises and economic transformations. We comparatively explore how zombie firms are discussed in two societies, Germany and Italy, during the first two years of the Covid-19 pandemic. Combining computational and qualitative text analysis, we investigate how newspapers on the left and on the right imbue this term with meaning. Our results show that German and Italian debates are more similar than expected. Right-leaning newspapers in both countries depict zombie firms as a problem of debt, which is seen as caused and aggravated by undesired state intervention in market dynamics. Left-leaning newspapers articulate more nuanced positions: while German left-leaning newspapers tend to reject the trope of zombie firms and defend pandemic state interventions such as short-time work programs, their Italian counterparts also argue for the need for such policies but associate zombie firms with doubts about the efficiency of state support in the long term.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/wypmf/" target="_blank">Contagious economic failure? Discourses around “zombie firms” in Covid-19 ridden Germany and Italy</a>
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<li><strong>The association between vaccination status identification and societal polarization</strong> -
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Public discord between those vaccinated and those unvaccinated for COVID-19 has intensified globally. Theories of intergroup relations propose that identifying with one’s social group plays a key role in the perceptions and behaviors that fuel intergroup conflict. We test whether identification with one’s vaccination status is associated with current societal polarization. The study draws on panel data from samples of vaccinated (n = 3,267) and unvaccinated (n = 2,038) respondents in Germany and Austria that were collected in December 2021, February, March, and July 2022. The findings confirm that vaccination status identification (VSI) explains substantial variance in a range of polarizing attitudes and behaviors. VSI was also related to higher psychological reactance toward mandatory vaccination policies among the unvaccinated. Higher levels of VSI reduced the gap between intended and actual counter-behaviors over time by the unvaccinated. VSI appears to be an important measure for predicting behavioral responses to vaccination policies.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/mgqk5/" target="_blank">The association between vaccination status identification and societal polarization</a>
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<li><strong>Time intervals between COVID-19 cases, and more severe outcomes</strong> -
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A critical factor in infectious disease control is the risk of an outbreak overwhelming local healthcare capacity. The overall demand on healthcare services will depend on disease severity, but the precise timing and size of peak demand also depends on the time interval (or clinical time delay) between initial infection, and development of severe disease. A broader distribution of intervals may draw that demand out over a longer period, but have a lower peak demand. These interval distributions are therefore important in modelling trajectories of e.g. hospital admissions, given a trajectory of incidence. Conversely, as testing rates decline, an incidence trajectory may need to be inferred through the delayed, but relatively unbiased signal of hospital admissions. Healthcare demand has been extensively modelled during the COVID-19 pandemic, where localised waves of infection have imposed severe stresses on healthcare services. While the initial acute threat posed by this disease has since subsided from immunity buildup from vaccination and prior infection, prevalence remains high and waning immunity may lead to substantial pressures for years to come. In this work, then, we present a set of interval distributions, for COVID-19 cases and subsequent severe outcomes; hospital admission, ICU admission, and death. These may be used to model more realistic scenarios of hospital admissions and occupancy, given a trajectory of infections or cases. We present a method for obtaining empirical distributions using COVID-19 outcomes data from Scotland between September 2020 and January 2022 (N = 31724 hospital admissions, N = 3514 ICU admissions, N = 8306 mortalities). We present separate distributions for individual age, sex, and deprivation of residing community. We show that, while the risk of severe disease following COVID-19 infection is substantially higher for the elderly or those residing in areas of high deprivation, the length of stay shows no strong dependence, suggesting that severe outcomes are equally severe across risk groups. As Scotland and other countries move into a phase where testing is no longer abundant, these intervals may be of use for retrospective modelling of patterns of infection, given data on severe outcomes.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.31.22281769v1" target="_blank">Time intervals between COVID-19 cases, and more severe outcomes</a>
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<li><strong>Equipment-Free Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Fabrication from Bacterial Cellulose-Derived Biomaterials via Waste-to-Wealth Conversion</strong> -
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The recent COVID-19 crisis necessitated the universal use of Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) kits, generating tons of plastic wastes that inevitably lead to environmental damage. Circumventing the challenges stemming from such undesirable non-degradability on disposal, here we present an eco-friendly, robust, yet inexpensive and equipment-free method of growing biodegradable PPE fabrics by the fermentation of locally-sourced organic feed stocks in a rural livelihood. Using a pre-acclimatized symbiotic culture, we report the production of a high yield (up to 3.2 g fabric/g substrate) of bacterial cellulose, a biopolymer matrix, obtained by bacterial weaving. This membrane has an intricate, self-assembled, nano-porous 3D architecture formed by randomly oriented cellulose fibres. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that the pore size of the membrane turns out to be in the tune of 140 nanometers on the average, indicating that it can filter out viruses effectively. In-vitro results demonstrate assured breathability through the membrane for a filter thickness of approximately 5 microns. When subjected to soil degradation, the fabrics are seen to disintegrate rapidly and fully decompose within 15 days. With a favourable cost proposition of less than 1 US$ per meter square of the developed fabric unit, our approach stands out in providing a unique sustainable, and production-ready alternative to synthetic PPE fabrics, solving community healthcare and environmental crisis, and opening up new avenues sustainable under-served livelihood at the same time.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.02.514716v1" target="_blank">Equipment-Free Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Fabrication from Bacterial Cellulose-Derived Biomaterials via Waste-to-Wealth Conversion</a>
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<li><strong>A Model of High-Speed Endovascular Sonothrombolysis with Vortex Ultrasound-Induced Shear Stress to Treat Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis</strong> -
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This research aims to demonstrate a novel vortex ultrasound enabled endovascular thrombolysis method designed for treating cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). This is a topic of significant importance since current treatment modalities for CVST still fail in as many as 20-40% of the cases and the incidence of CVST has increased since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Compared with conventional anticoagulant or thrombolytic drugs, sonothrombolysis has the potential to remarkably shorten the required treatment time owing to the direct clot targeting with acoustic waves. However, previously reported strategies for sonothrombolysis have not demonstrated clinically meaningful outcomes (e.g., recanalization within 30 minutes) in treating large, completely occluded veins or arteries. In this paper, we demonstrated a new vortex ultrasound technique for endovascular sonothrombolysis utilizing wave-matter interaction-induced shear stress to enhance the lytic rate substantially. Our in vitro experiment showed that the lytic rate was increased by at least 64.3 % compared with the nonvortex endovascular ultrasound treatment. A 3.1 g, 7.5 cm long, completely occluded in vitro 3D model of acute CVST was fully recanalized within 8 minutes with a record-high lytic rate of 237.5 mg/min for acute bovine clot in vitro. Furthermore, we confirmed that the vortex ultrasound causes no vessel wall damage over ex vivo bovine veins. This vortex ultrasound thrombolysis technique potentially presents a new life-saving tool for severe CVST cases that cannot be efficaciously treated using existing therapies.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.02.514936v1" target="_blank">A Model of High-Speed Endovascular Sonothrombolysis with Vortex Ultrasound-Induced Shear Stress to Treat Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis</a>
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<li><strong>Tracking SARS-CoV-2 genomic variants in wastewater sequencing data with LolliPop</strong> -
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, wastewater-based epidemiology has progressively taken a central role as a pathogen surveillance tool. Tracking viral loads and variant outbreaks in sewage offers advantages over clinical surveillance methods by providing unbiased estimates and enabling early detection. However, wastewater-based epidemiology poses new computational research questions that need to be solved in order for this approach to be implemented broadly and successfully. Here, we address the variant deconvolution problem, where we aim to estimate the relative abundances of genomic variants from next-generation sequencing data of a mixed wastewater sample. We introduce LolliPop, a computational method to solve the variant deconvolution problem by simultaneously solving least squares problems and kernel-based smoothing of relative variant abundances from wastewater time series sequencing data. We derive multiple approaches to compute confidence bands, and demonstrate the application of our method to data from the Swiss wastewater surveillance efforts.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.02.22281825v1" target="_blank">Tracking SARS-CoV-2 genomic variants in wastewater sequencing data with LolliPop</a>
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<li><strong>Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the microbiota of pregnant women and their infants</strong> -
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The microbiome inherited at birth exerts marked effects on immune programming with long-term health consequences. Here, we demonstrated that the gut, vaginal, and oral microbial diversity of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection is reduced, and women with early infections exhibit a different vaginal microbiota composition compared to healthy controls at the time of delivery. Accordingly, infants born to pregnant women with early SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibit a unique oral microbiota dominated by Streptococcus species. Together, we demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infections during pregnancy, particularly early infections, are associated with lasting changes in the microbiome of pregnant women compromising the initial microbial seed of their infant. Our results highlight the importance of further exploring the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the infant9s microbiome-dependent immune programming.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.01.22281810v1" target="_blank">Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the microbiota of pregnant women and their infants</a>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Using a Community-level Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention to Address COVID-19 Testing Disparities</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: Multi-Level Multi-Component Intervention (MLI); Behavioral: Community Just-In-Time Adaptive Intervention (Community JITAI)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Efficacy of Medications COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Severe Covid-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Drug: Oral bedtime melatonin<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Hospital San Carlos, Madrid<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Use of Multiple Doses of Convalescent Plasma in Mechanically Intubated Patients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Biological: Multiple doses of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Convalescent Plasma<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Hospital Regional Dr. Rafael Estévez; Complejo Hospitalario Dr. Arnulfo Arias Madrid; Hospital Santo Tomas; Hospital Punta Pacífica, Pacífica Salud; Insituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios para la Salud; Sociedad Panameña de Hematología; Institute of Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT AIP); University of Panama; Sistema Nacional de Investigación de Panamá<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Examining How a Facilitated Self-Sampling Intervention and Testing Navigation Intervention Influences COVID-19 Testing</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: Facilitated Self-Sampling Intervention (FSSI); Behavioral: Testing Navigation Intervention (TNI).; Behavioral: Control<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Phase III of COVID-19 Vaccine EuCorVac-19 in Healthy Adults Aged 18 Years and Older</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: EuCorVac-19; Biological: ChAdOx1<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: EuBiologics Co.,Ltd<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Open Multicenter Study for Assessment of Efficacy and Safety of Molnupiravir in Adult Patients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Molnupiravir (Esperavir); Drug: Standard of care<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Promomed, LLC<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Open Multicentre Study of the Safety and Efficacy Against COVID-19 of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir in the Adult Population</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: nirmatrelvir/ritonavir; Drug: Standard of care<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Promomed, LLC; Sponsor GmbH<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study Evaluating GS-5245 in Participants With COVID-19 Who Have a High Risk of Developing Serious or Severe Illness</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: GS-5245; Drug: GS-5245 Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Gilead Sciences<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effects of Respiratory Muscle Training in Individuals With Long-term Post-COVID-19 Symptoms</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Covid19; Post-acute COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Other: Inspiratory + expiratory muscle training group; Other: Inspiratory + expiratory muscle training sham group; Other: Exercise training program<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Colegio Profesional de Fisioterapeutas de la Comunidad de Madrid<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Recombinant COVID-19 Vaccine (CHO Cell, NVSI-06-09) Phase III Clinical Trial</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: LIBP-Rec-Vaccine; Biological: BIBP-Rec-Vaccine; Biological: placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: National Vaccine and Serum Institute, China; China National Biotec Group Company Limited; Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd; Beijing Institute of Biological Products Co Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of Combined Modified RNA Vaccine Candidates Against COVID-19 and Influenza</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Influenza, Human; COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: bivalent BNT162b2 (original/Omi BA.4/BA.5); Biological: qIRV (22/23); Biological: QIV<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: BioNTech SE; Pfizer<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability, Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of ASC10 in Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: SARS CoV 2 Infection<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: ASC10; Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Ascletis Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Phase I/II Study of GLB-COV2-043 as a COVID-19 Vaccine Booster</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: GLB-COV2-043; Drug: BNT162b2/COMIRNATY®<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: GreenLight Biosciences, Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Efficacy of Intranasal Administration of Avacc 10 Vaccine Against COVID-19 in Healthy Volunteers</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: Avacc 10; Combination Product: Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMV) : OMV alone in vehicle; Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Intravacc B.V.; Novotech (Australia) Pty Limited<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Phase Ⅱ/Ⅲ Trial of LYB001</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: LYB001; Biological: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Yantai Patronus Biotech Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mechanism of N-0385 blocking SARS-CoV-2 to treat COVID-19 based on molecular docking and molecular dynamics</strong> - CONCLUSION: The mechanism of N-0385 treatment COVID-19 was investigated by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. We speculated that N-0385 may not only inhibit SARS-CoV-2 invasion directly by acting on TMPRSS2, ACE2 and DPP4, but also inhibit the immune recognition process and inflammatory response by regulating TLR7, NLRP3 and IL-10 to prevent SARS-CoV-2 invasion. Therefore, these results suggested that N-0385 may act through multiple targets to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection and…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Bovine lactoferrin inhibits SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 by targeting the RdRp complex and alleviates viral infection in the hamster model</strong> - Breast milk has been found to inhibit coronavirus infection, while the key components and mechanisms are unknown. We aimed to determine the components that contribute to the antiviral effects of breastmilk and explore their potential mechanism. Lactoferrin (Lf) and milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) inhibit SARS-CoV-2 related coronavirus GX_P2V and SARS-CoV-2 trVLP in vitro and block viral entry into cells. We confirmed that bovine lactoferrin (bLf) blocked the binding between human…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Constructing Janus Microsphere Membranes for Particulate Matter Filtration, Directional Water Vapor Transfer, and High-Efficiency Broad-Spectrum Sterilization</strong> - Commercial masks have significant drawbacks, including low water vapor transmission efficiency and limited ability to inhibit harmful microorganisms, whereas in this contribution, a series of Janus microsphere membranes are developed with hierarchical structures by quenching and crystallizing 12-hydroxystearic acid and halicin layer-by-layer on a polypropylene non-woven fabric, laminating them with hydrophilic cotton fibers in a one-pot process, and further demonstrate the potential of this…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Management of Severe and Critical COVID-19 Infection with Immunotherapies</strong> - Following the reduction in mortality demonstrated by dexamethasone treatment in severe COVID-19, many targeted immunotherapies have been investigated. Thus far, inhibition of IL-6 and JAK pathways have the most robust data and have been granted Emergency Use Authorization for treatment of severe disease. However, it must be noted that critically ill patients comprised a relatively small proportion of most of the trials of COVID-19 therapeutics, despite bearing a disproportionate burden of…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Topoisomerase 3b is dispensable for replication of a positive-sense RNA virus–murine coronavirus</strong> - A recent study demonstrated that a DNA-RNA dual-activity topoisomerase complex, TOP3B-TDRD3, is required for normal replication of positive-sense RNA viruses, including several human flaviviruses and coronaviruses; and the authors proposed that TOP3B is a target of antiviral drugs. Here we examined this hypothesis by investigating whether inactivation of Top3b can inhibit the replication of a mouse coronavirus, MHV, using cell lines and mice that are inactivated of Top3b or Tdrd3. We found that…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The urgency of strengthening health information to support public perception and involvement in the COVID-19 vaccine</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: Strengthening positive information can alter the sense of community vulnerability, making it a driving force for participation in the COVID-19 vaccine campaign. This finding is an appropriate strategy to expand the reach and resolve public doubts about accepting the vaccine.</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>S-217622, a SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor, decreases viral load and ameliorates COVID-19 severity in hamsters</strong> - In parallel with vaccination, oral antiviral agents are highly anticipated to act as countermeasures for the treatment of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Oral antiviral medication demands not only high antiviral activity, but also target specificity, favorable oral bioavailability, and high metabolic stability. Although a large number of compounds have been identified as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 infects human brain organoids causing cell death and loss of synapses that can be rescued by treatment with Sofosbuvir</strong> - The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was rapidly declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Early clinical symptomatology focused mainly on respiratory illnesses. However, a variety of neurological manifestations in both adults and newborns are now well-documented. To experimentally determine whether SARS-CoV-2 could replicate in and affect human brain cells, we infected iPSC-derived…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ubiquitination of SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a Prevents Cell Death Induced by Recruiting BclXL To Activate ER Stress</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has emerged in the last 2 years. The accessory protein ORF7a has been proposed as an immunomodulating factor that can cause dramatic inflammatory responses, but it is unknown how ORF7a interacts with host cells. We show that ORF7a induces cell apoptosis by recruiting the prosurvival factor BclXL to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via the exposed C-terminal residues…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong><em>In silico</em> approaches and <em>in vitro</em> assays identify a coumarin derivative as antiviral potential against SARS-CoV-2</strong> - COVID-19, a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, was declared a pandemic in 2020 and created a global crisis in health systems, with more than 545 million confirmed cases and 6.33 million deaths. In this sense, this work aims to identify possible inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp enzyme using in silico approaches. RdRp is a crucial enzyme in the replication and assembly cycle of new viral particles and a critical pharmacological target in the treatment of COVID-19. We performed a virtual screening…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Elucidating Design Principles for Engineering Cell-Derived Vesicles to Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Infection</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Inhalation of Low Molecular Weight Heparins as Prophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2</strong> - New SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and waning immunity demonstrate the need for a quick and simple prophylactic agent to prevent infection. Low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) are potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 binding and infection in vitro. The airways are a major route for infection and therefore inhaled LMWH could be a prophylactic treatment against SARS-CoV-2. We investigated the efficacy of in vivo inhalation of LMWH in humans to prevent SARS-CoV-2 attachment to nasal epithelial cells in…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Lupus anticoagulant-hypoprothrombinemia syndrome with severe bleeding diathesis after coronavirus disease 2019: a case report</strong> - Acquired antibodies against factor II (prothrombin) are rare and most commonly associated with severe liver disease or vitamin K antagonist treatment. In very rare cases, these antibodies and associated hypoprothrombinemia are found in patients with lupus anticoagulant (LAC), an antiphospholipid antibody that inhibits phospholipid-dependent coagulation tests. This uncommon entity, called lupus anticoagulant-hypoprothrombinemia syndrome (LAHPS), may cause both severe, life-threatening bleeding…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong><em>HLA-C</em> dysregulation as a possible mechanism of immune evasion in SARS-CoV-2 and other RNA-virus infections</strong> - One of the mechanisms by which viruses can evade the host’s immune system is to modify the host’s DNA methylation pattern. This work aims to investigate the DNA methylation and gene expression profile of COVID-19 patients, divided into symptomatic and asymptomatic, and healthy controls, focusing on genes involved in the immune response. In this study, changes in the methylome of COVID-19 patients’ upper airways cells, the first barrier against respiratory infections and the first cells…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evidence of a Sjögren’s disease-like phenotype following COVID-19</strong> - CONCLUSION: Overall, our study shows a direct association between SARS-CoV-2 and SjD. Hallmark features of SjD salivary glands were histologically indistinguishable from convalescent COVID-19 subjects. The results potentially implicate that SARS-CoV-2 could be an environmental trigger for SjD.</p></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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