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HTML
520 lines
65 KiB
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<html lang="" xml:lang="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head>
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<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes" name="viewport"/>
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<title>10 April, 2023</title>
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<title>Daily-Dose</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><style>*{overflow-x:hidden;}</style><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
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<body>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
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<ul>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Inside the Hush-Money Payments That May Decide Trump’s Legal Fate</strong> - Years of interviews with potential witnesses provide insights into the Manhattan D.A.’s case. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/inside-the-hush-money-payments-that-may-decide-trumps-legal-fate">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How Putin Criminalized Journalism in Russia</strong> - The case of Evan Gershkovich, a Wall Street Journal reporter being held in Moscow on espionage charges, is only the most recent example of the Kremlin’s crackdown on reporters. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/how-putin-criminalized-journalism-in-russia">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Same Ole Line Dudes Are Waiting for You</strong> - Donald Trump’s arraignment was a circus for the media, but it was just another day at the office for New York’s professional line sitters. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-local-correspondents/the-same-ole-line-dudes-are-waiting-for-you">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What’s Behind the Fight Between Pope Francis and the Latin Mass Movement?</strong> - The discord has become a stand-in for conflicts over the decline in Catholics’ participation in Mass, over the progressive orientation of Francis’s pontificate, and over Vatican II itself. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/whats-behind-the-fight-between-pope-francis-and-the-latin-mass-movement">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Fighting for the Right to Come and Go</strong> - In Mexico, return-migrant activists are asserting their “pocha” heritage and working to end legal and cultural exclusion. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-immigration/fighting-for-the-right-to-come-and-go">link</a></p></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>If it doesn’t take our jobs, AI could make work better</strong> -
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<figure>
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<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/MV2N2CDvQr6qMTjUc0yxed_W51I=/240x0:1680x1080/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72164921/V1_Final_Chatgpt.0.jpg"/>
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<figcaption>
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Paige Vickers for Vox/Jorm Sangsorn/Getty Images
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</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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Who’s afraid of ChatGPT? Not these workers.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TJKDX4">
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A lot of what Conor Grennan does as a dean of students at NYU’s Stern School of Business could be done at least in part by bots. Brainstorming and planning are prime examples of tasks that can be easily handled by generative AI tools like ChatGPT.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="etmyRh">
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But instead of feeling like he could be replaced by AI, Grennan has become an evangelist of this technology and its potential to make work better. He likens the opportunity to work with AI technology right now to finding material wealth.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DxfUAB">
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“It feels like the Gold Rush, like there’s a bunch of people getting to California and seeing little flakes of gold in the river,” he told Vox.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ISb6e0">
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Some of Grennan’s new AI-powered workflow is pretty simple. He drops email chains into ChatGPT or Bing or Bard — he uses them all — and asks it to quickly search for details about a student or deliverables he needs to act on. But he admits that using this technology just for menial tasks would be akin to picking up an iPhone just to use its flashlight. He prefers to use AI to research, brainstorm, and learn.
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</p>
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<div class="c-float-right c-float-hang">
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<aside id="AmNtJA">
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<q>“It feels like the Gold Rush, like there’s a bunch of people getting to California and seeing little flakes of gold in the river”</q>
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</aside>
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</div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="p47ut0">
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For example, Grennan might ask an AI to give him five suggestions of a good place to hold an event for 50 students in lower Manhattan on a Tuesday night, or have it reason through how young people in Ohio could help the climate crisis, or have it explain to him what exactly an API is. He keeps asking and refining the questions until he gets good answers, and he’s <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/conorgrennan/recent-activity/all/">constantly coming up with</a> new things to ask. Grennan thinks talking with the AI makes him more creative, stokes his sense of wonder, and ultimately makes him better at his job and life.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lYN1PW">
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“Instead of the drudgery of ‘I’ve been given a task, now I’m going to solve that task,’ it’s, ‘I’ve been given a task. What are different ways of looking at it? How can this improve my life? How can I actually get smarter?’” said Grennan. He was recently granted the additional title of head of generative AI at Stern, and is helping develop an AI initiative for Stern’s MBA program so students, faculty, and administrators can become comfortable with AI tools in the workplace.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JM1tSV">
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A <a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.10130.pdf">recent study</a> by the University of Pennsylvania and OpenAI, the makers of ChatGPT and its more advanced successor <a href="https://www.vox.com/2023/3/15/23640640/gpt-4-chatgpt-openai-generative-ai">GPT-4</a> — who have a vested interest in hyping their own technology’s capabilities — found that half of workers could have more than half their tasks exposed to large language models, like ChatGPT. Exposure was the highest among high-wage jobs that require degrees and had previously felt relatively safe from the onslaught of technological erasure: financial analysts, web designers, legal researchers, and journalists, among others. While the study said tools like ChatGPT could certainly save those jobs significant time completing tasks, it stopped short of saying those jobs would be fully automated by those technologies. It’s likely, however, that it will change them.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9w02jY">
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While much has been made about AI’s potential to destroy our jobs, Grennan and other American workers whose tasks overlap with capabilities of software like ChatGPT are embracing the technology to do away with drudge work, to be more creative, and to level up their skills. Marketers are using it to write better copy; programmers are using it to take on projects that were previously out of their league or read code in unfamiliar languages. And it seems like everyone’s now using it to summarize or write emails and boilerplate documents.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4yMCYs">
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Where some see a threat, these workers see possibility. And they hope their mastery of the tools, coupled with their uniquely human skills, will allow them to stay employed even as artificial intelligence gets more and more clever. Back in January, over <a href="https://www.fishbowlapp.com/insights/70-percent-of-workers-using-chatgpt-at-work-are-not-telling-their-boss/">40 percent</a> of Americans said they were using generative AI technology at work, and that rate has likely gotten higher. At the same time, about <a href="https://docs.cdn.yougov.com/0jv1wfqlmo/results_AI%20Effects%20on%20Job%20Market.pdf">half of Americans</a> think AI could negatively impact the number of jobs in the US.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="i8CtT4">
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The truth is we don’t know exactly how artificial intelligence technologies will impact work. The fear is that if tools make existing tasks take hours instead of days, employers might hire fewer employees to get the job done or make their work part-time. The hope is that while the new technology could cause some disruption in what people do, it will ultimately lead to more and better work, much like previous technological advancements, such as the personal computer or even the internet, <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2023/01/chatgpt-ai-economy-automation-jobs/672767/">didn’t spell the end</a> of white-collar jobs.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AixAPi">
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For now, we know that Americans who’ve chosen to deploy this technology at work seem to like it. They certainly don’t feel like frogs boiling in a pot.
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</p>
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<h3 id="eLpX1u">
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Goodbye to drudgery?
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</h3>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2dvWLf">
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It’s important to remember that even the best jobs have parts of them that suck. And those parts are the first ones on which workers are bringing AI to bear.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GVa5oG">
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Colin McAuliffe, a filmmaker and founder of the production company Zero One Digital Media, has been using the AI software DALL-E to generate images to illustrate business pitch decks. Rather than scroll through pages and pages of stock images, he simply tells the software precisely what he wants — say, a “photograph of a lemon” — and it pops one out.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Sme1Ne">
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“It’s something I hated doing or I would make other people do for me,” he said. “And now I do it myself easily, and it’s kind of fun.”
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7qP3b9">
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Recently, a client gave him a script that had been written by ChatGPT, and while McAuliffe hasn’t had it write scripts yet, he wants to use AI more often to make shooting schedules and plan trips for his company.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="necFq7">
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“All that other stuff just takes me away from making videos,” he said.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WUjkEV">
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People say they’re using these tools on tasks they hate, and that allows them to focus on what they love.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JaBrl6">
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Vanessa Bowen, a self-employed product designer, used to dread having to come up with the text that would go inside their app prototypes. If something was off, clients would get hung up on the text rather than critiquing the user interface design of the app, and it could derail the whole interaction. Now, Bowen feeds the AI information about the client and the product, and what type of text box they’re trying to fill; then ChatGPT generates that text.
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</p>
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<div class="c-float-left c-float-hang">
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<aside id="1Facv0">
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<q>“It would leave us more time to do other things like be more creative or not work so much”</q>
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</aside>
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</div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rGOQWU">
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“It throws out something simple and concise and takes away some of that cognitive load,” they said. That lets Bowen focus on what they really like doing: designing.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1AXNms">
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“I find that we are stuck in the mundane activities of the day-to-day that could be automated, which then in turn could free up our whole lives,” they added. “It would leave us more time to do other things like be more creative or not work so much.”
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dOTYOF">
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It’s a sentiment white-collar workers expressed over and over again, and it’s part of why companies like <a href="https://www.vox.com/technology/2023/3/16/23643806/ai-microsoft-word-powerpoint-office-google-artificial-intelligence-chatgpt-automation-jobs-work">Microsoft</a> are leaning into AI so heavily in their workplace tools: Not all work is good work. Soon, Microsoft says workers will be able to ask AI-powered tools to make Excel perform complex equations, to have PowerPoint build presentations, and to summarize Outlook emails — all within seconds and by talking to them like you would a person.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oXOYkF">
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Whether that means people will spend that time saved on the parts of their job they really like or whether they’ll simply squander those freed-up hours remains to be seen. It’s also possible that this technology just enables them to make more unnecessary work for everyone else. Take for example, this <a href="https://marketoonist.com/2023/03/ai-written-ai-read.html">great cartoon</a> where one person uses AI to make a bullet point into a long email, to which the email’s reader responds by asking the AI to distill the email into a single bullet point.
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</p>
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<h3 id="SzBzPb">
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Leveling up at work
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</h3>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NetQLx">
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There’s a lot of doom and gloom about what generative AI will mean for computer programmers specifically. Indeed, these tools can often spin up perfectly functional code, using natural language, in an instant, so it’s fair to wonder what that means for the highly paid people who used to do the same thing more slowly.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9aLSiV">
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But the software engineers and developers we spoke to preferred to think of the technology as something that enables them to be better at what they do, likening it to having an incredibly smart assistant or intern at their disposal.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cpTfhg">
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Victor Boutté, a software engineer and tech lead manager at the video hosting company Wistia, says AI tools like GitHub Copilot make him more productive, by suggesting how to complete code he’s started so that he doesn’t have to write the whole thing. Boutté, who works remotely, considers AI tools to be a lot like sitting next to a very smart colleague who also happens to have already read through his code and has limitless time for his questions.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ywFu4v">
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“I’m using it essentially as I would another engineer to bounce ideas off of. It’s helping me flesh through these ideas more deeply, and the feedback is instant,” he said.
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</p>
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<div class="c-float-right c-float-hang">
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<aside id="n1iYOO">
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<q>“It gets the creative wheels spinning about what can I use this kind of tech to build”</q>
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</aside>
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</div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qRk2z9">
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AI not only helps Boutté code more quickly, but also elevates what’s possible for him to code in the first place.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xBEeDf">
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“Throughout my career, I’ve never seen a technology as advanced as this. And it gets the creative wheels spinning about what can I use this kind of tech to build,” he said. “It’s inspiring me.”
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AH3TRt">
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For independent developer and researcher Simon Willison, AI tools allow him to be more ambitious because he spends less time researching how to figure things out. That means he has more time to try out time-intensive projects he might have previously had to pass on.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Dljgv0">
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Recently, Willison helped his wife with a pottery project. She wanted to see the rate at which a kiln cooled down after being heated in a microwave, in order to estimate its peak temperature while heating. Since she couldn’t put the thermometer in the microwave, after taking the kiln out, she would have to check its temperature over the course of the 90 minutes it took to cool. Instead, Willison <a href="https://til.simonwillison.net/googlecloud/video-frame-ocr">asked GPT-4</a> how to break down a video of the thermometer into 10-second JPEG intervals. He then asked it for commands that would read the temperature from the images and chart it over time. Willison is now thinking about how he could help journalists bring such knowledge to problems like analyzing police body camera footage.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nfyf8W">
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“Normally, when faced with challenges like this, I’d be like, ‘It’s gonna take me an hour to figure this out. Just sit down next to the microwave and write the numbers down,” he said.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VXSHDH">
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Even in less technical and more creative areas, workers are finding that generative AI is able to make them better at what they do. In addition to letting humans spend more time on their creative tasks, generative AI is showing off its own kind of creativity — with the right prompts.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xLuj8f">
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Michael Kaye, director of brand marketing and communications at the dating app OkCupid, has been asking generative AI to come up with in-app matching questions. OkCupid matches people based on how they answer these questions, so coming up with ones that illuminate what’s important to people is incredibly important to how the service functions. At any given time, OKCupid has thousands of these questions available for daters to answer, and Kaye was responsible for creating new ones. For Kaye, this was one of many tasks he does at work, so offloading some of the question creation to AI helped free him up to work on other things. More importantly, he said, the questions that the AI generated — which were based on the simple prompts of “What would you ask on a date?” and “What would you ask on a dating app?” — were actually very good.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0esIIw">
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The first 10 AI-generated questions Kaye ended up <a href="https://theblog.okcupid.com/chatgpt-is-the-matchmaker-you-didnt-know-you-needed-1c79f57416a4">adding to the dating service</a> included “How do you balance your own needs with the needs of your partner in a relationship?” “What do you value most in a partner?” and “Are you a morning or night person?” So far, they’ve been popular, with users responding to them more than 675,000 times since the end of January.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6lERSz">
|
|||
|
|
“They’re high-quality, especially given how generic the prompt was,” Kaye said. “They might sound surface-level, but I think those are things that really help connect people.”
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3gS5P8">
|
|||
|
|
He plans to add more ChatGPT questions using more specific prompts every month this year.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<h3 id="JEPDc0">
|
|||
|
|
Why AI probably won’t take our jobs
|
|||
|
|
</h3>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HZ8SG6">
|
|||
|
|
While everyone we spoke to understood that generative AI might be disruptive to some jobs, no one felt it was a real danger to theirs.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sHY80B">
|
|||
|
|
A common refrain was a version of a <a href="https://twitter.com/svpino/status/1610984481342771200">tweet</a> from machine learning engineer Santiago Valdarrama that said, “AI will not replace you. A person using AI will.” In other words, they felt that their mastery over generative AI tools would give them a leg up, even if that generative AI made some of what they’re paid to do obsolete.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LxFFvW">
|
|||
|
|
“When I first started using GPT-4, [losing my job] was my first concern. It’s very natural to feel threatened by new technology, especially technology that’s really good at what you do,” said Stephanie Yamkovenko, a group manager for the digital marketing team at Khan Academy, an education nonprofit that has partnered with GPT-4 maker OpenAI since September.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="77jnqL">
|
|||
|
|
“But as I’ve used it more, I’ve realized that it’s going to be a skill that’s going to be in high demand for writing and editing in the future,” she added.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="z559gV">
|
|||
|
|
Yamkovenko recently was able to work on a much more robust product launch than what her small team normally would have been able to do. She used ChatGPT to write a greater volume of social media copy, which in turn snagged the company 10 times the traffic it would normally get.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="c-float-left c-float-hang">
|
|||
|
|
<aside id="gbUo1J">
|
|||
|
|
<q>“It’s very natural to feel threatened by new technology, especially technology that’s really good at what you do”</q>
|
|||
|
|
</aside>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wvV7lG">
|
|||
|
|
Others were sanguine that their skills, now boosted by their agility with generative AI, are eternally in demand.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="n437qS">
|
|||
|
|
Somnath Banerjee, VP of data science at the early-stage investment firm Clear Ventures, said there will always be an abundance of work for engineers like himself. He’s been using AI to code projects more quickly and to feel more confident in his email writing as a non-native speaker.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uFrYqx">
|
|||
|
|
“They will not say, ‘I paid him for two weeks and you did it in two days,’ because there’s always two years of work waiting for you,” he said.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NamXEN">
|
|||
|
|
None of this, of course, is to say that work will be the same. The acceptance of using tools like ChatGPT will be the first of many changes. Even if they do keep their jobs, what these white-collar workers do and how they do it will likely be different if generative AI technology becomes widely used. That will be a loss to many who like their craft as is.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vGYJqe">
|
|||
|
|
Take, for example, this 3D mobile games artist who <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/blender/comments/121lhfq/i_lost_everything_that_made_me_love_my_job/">lamented on Reddit</a> recently: “My job is different now since Midjourney v5 came out last week. I am not an artist anymore.”
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zNClAl">
|
|||
|
|
The poster added, “All I do is prompting, photoshopping and implementing good looking pictures. The reason I [wanted] to be a 3D artist in the first place is gone. I wanted to create form In 3D space, sculpt, create. With my own creativity. With my own hands.”
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WSABjD">
|
|||
|
|
Those who’ve embraced generative AI and who are less tied to the specific tasks of their work will likely have an easier time adjusting to a world of work that’s changing in front of their fingertips.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ITVS0h">
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WykvN4">
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xAIqcr">
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RBahP2">
|
|||
|
|
</p></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><strong>How the US ran short on Adderall</strong> -
|
|||
|
|
<figure>
|
|||
|
|
<img alt="An empty prescription bottle." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/jWt3YAau8BpoTz1t51RC_BdDGNo=/0x0:3376x2532/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72164889/GettyImages_185278776.0.jpg"/>
|
|||
|
|
<figcaption>
|
|||
|
|
The ADHD drug Adderall is still experiencing a shortage in the US, six months after the FDA first announced the inadequate supply. | Getty Images/iStockphoto
|
|||
|
|
</figcaption>
|
|||
|
|
</figure>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
|||
|
|
Limits on the ADHD drug’s supply are coming under scrutiny amid an increase in diagnoses and a six-month shortage.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zcNACs">
|
|||
|
|
Six months after the FDA first announced a shortage of <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/23484040/rsv-flu-amoxicillin-tamiflu-abuterol-drug-adderall-shortages">the ADHD drug Adderall</a> and its generic variations, a <a href="https://www.houstonchronicle.com/business/article/ozempic-adderall-albuterol-medication-shortages-17876067.php">steady</a> <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/02/23/health/adderall-shortage-adhd/index.html">stream</a> of <a href="https://twitter.com/fordm/status/1638213864494866442">reports</a> shows patients are still struggling to obtain a medication that can be essential for leading a normal and productive life.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rxclMG">
|
|||
|
|
Adderall might seem like just one of many drugs that it’s been increasingly difficult to get. Drug shortages are becoming <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/23484040/rsv-flu-amoxicillin-tamiflu-abuterol-drug-adderall-shortages#:~:text=According%20to%20a%202022%20report,economics%20of%20the%20pharmaceutical%20market">increasingly common</a> in the United States, and on average, lasting longer. Typically, these shortages are, essentially, a supply chain problem: When one drug company experiences a shortage because of supply problems with raw materials, for example, there is little capacity in the market to make up for that shortfall.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6Qv5hf">
|
|||
|
|
But the explanation for the persistent Adderall shortage is more complicated. While it began with manufacturing problems, the picture has muddied over the past few months. Currently, four different companies are <a href="https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/drugshortages/dsp_ActiveIngredientDetails.cfm?AI=Amphetamine%20Aspartate;%20Amphetamine%20Sulfate;%20Dextroamphetamine%20Saccharate;%20Dextroamphetamine%20Sulfate%20Tablets&st=c&tab=tabs-1">reporting shortages</a> of the drug. Their reasons include a shortage of its active ingredient due in part to the unusual way in which Adderall is regulated, and an increase in demand.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sYdia9">
|
|||
|
|
Drug shortages are almost always the result of too little supply, not too much demand. But while artificial limits on supply are undoubtedly contributing to the shortage, the growing demand for Adderall is unique. As the medical science on ADHD has evolved, doctors now better understand how ADHD manifests at different ages and are better able to identify when a patient may be dealing with the disorder and, therefore, when Adderall or another stimulant medication may be an appropriate treatment.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6ZrHWK">
|
|||
|
|
For most medical conditions, an increase in the number of people diagnosed would not create new barriers (other than market constraints) to manufacturing more medications for the people who need treatment. But what’s different about ADHD is that the first-line treatment is a stimulant drug with the potential for misuse or addiction — and so it’s a matter not just for pharmaceutical companies but for law enforcement. The Drug Enforcement Agency has hedged on the side of keeping production of these drugs down to limit the potential for abuse.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mkfW7I">
|
|||
|
|
The fear is that Adderall would follow the same path as opioid painkillers: careless overprescribing would lead to an epidemic of drug addiction — this time, to stimulants.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uEMZnO">
|
|||
|
|
The current shortage is the result of rising demand colliding with restricted supply, with consequences for millions of patients.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mYS3LA">
|
|||
|
|
“People are raising the question, ‘Why is Adderall being put in the same category as the opiates?’” Dr. Max Wiznitzer, who advises the ADHD advocacy group CHADD and practices in the Cleveland area, told me. “It’s not where the science is. They’re so stuck on what it has been, they’re not necessarily asking themselves where the science is pointing now.”
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IZCjtY">
|
|||
|
|
The Adderall shortage could be an opportunity to change how the country at large views this condition and the medication to treat it. But institutional inertia, and the shadow of the opioid crisis, is standing in the way.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<h3 id="fq73oh">
|
|||
|
|
How has our understanding of ADHD evolved?
|
|||
|
|
</h3>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hgcIJ4">
|
|||
|
|
The <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3000907/">modern scientific understanding of ADHD</a> is commonly associated with George Still, a British pediatrician who in a series of lectures in 1902 described children who were showing symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention and referred to their condition as a “defect of moral control.” The children were said to suffer from poor academic performance and other behavioral problems.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="P5nR43">
|
|||
|
|
In the following decades, medical science’s understanding of the disorder advanced from blaming “moral defects” to brain damage to understanding that a deficit of certain neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine, contributes to the disorder’s telltale symptoms.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="r3miPI">
|
|||
|
|
“As time went on, we had science tell us, it wasn’t that people were doing something wrong,” Wiznitzer said. “It was a product of how their brains were built.”
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IhhXyB">
|
|||
|
|
As ADHD became more widely accepted as a distinct clinical disorder, rather than a result of poor parenting or a byproduct of another condition, the medical community began investigating more treatments. Ritalin had first been approved by the FDA in the 1950s, but it requires more frequent dosing to have a sustained effect.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UjORMo">
|
|||
|
|
Adderall was approved in 1996 and would soon become the most commonly prescribed treatment for ADHD, though Ritalin and several other drugs remain in use. A few years later, an extended-release version of the drug — intended to be less prone to abuse — was put on the market.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tRfVay">
|
|||
|
|
According to <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/data.html">the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)</a>, approximately 6 million children ages 3 to 17 (about 9.8 percent of children in the United States) have been diagnosed with ADHD as of 2019. Boys are about twice as likely to be diagnosed with the condition as girls.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PleObw">
|
|||
|
|
National surveys have varied in their estimates of how many US adults have ADHD, with figures ranging from 1 to 4 percent, but the trend is consistent: The share who have been diagnosed is <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2753787?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=110119">going up</a>. <a href="https://news.ohsu.edu/2022/10/13/ohsu-researchers-sharpen-estimate-of-true-percentage-of-people-with-adhd">A new estimate</a> published in 2022 by researchers from the Oregon Health and Science University put the percentage of the total US population with ADHD at 3.5 percent.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="CDTtO5">
|
|||
|
|
According to IQVIA, a health care data and analytics company, <a href="https://www.axios.com/2022/11/15/adderall-shortage-adhd-diagnosis-prescriptions">about 41.4 million prescriptions for Adderall</a> were dispensed in the US in 2021. Not every prescription is for a unique individual, but those data suggest that millions of Americans are relying on the drug to moderate their ADHD symptoms.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KI30Jn">
|
|||
|
|
But that suddenly became more difficult when, in October 2022, the Adderall shortage began.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<h3 id="w7L860">
|
|||
|
|
How does the federal government limit Adderall production?
|
|||
|
|
</h3>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4Oabtw">
|
|||
|
|
The reasons for drug shortages can be difficult to divine. Manufacturers are not mandated to report the reasons for a drug shortage and any public information they do provide can be vague.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0NBgWm">
|
|||
|
|
That has proven true with the Adderall shortage too. However, experts say that the role of the federal government in regulating one of Adderall’s active ingredients makes this shortage distinct.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qycdPS">
|
|||
|
|
One of the active ingredients in Adderall is amphetamine, and therefore the drug is regulated as a controlled substance under federal law. Its potential for abuse has long been recognized, with the cliche example being college students taking the drug to help them study. <a href="https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17091048">A 2018 study by federal researchers</a> found that about 5 million Americans misused a prescribed stimulant, of which Adderall is the most common, at least once in the past year; about 400,000 misused stimulant drugs frequently enough to be characterized as having a disorder. (About 2.7 million people in the US <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/dotw/opioid-use-disorder/index.html#:~:text=impairment%20and%20distress.-,A%20diagnosis%20of%20OUD%20is%20based%20on%20specific%20criteria%20such,States%20report%20suffering%20from%20OUD.">report</a> they have an opioid use disorder.)
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zAxNpe">
|
|||
|
|
To mitigate the potential for abuse, the Drug Enforcement Administration sets production limits for Adderall and its generic competitors. In order to produce the drugs legally, pharmaceutical manufacturers must obtain approval from the government and comply with regulations for the medication’s manufacturing, distribution, and dispensing.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rNsZ0T">
|
|||
|
|
The DEA also sets annual production quotas for Adderall, as with other controlled substances that have recognized medical uses, based on estimates of legitimate medical and scientific needs, as well as the potential for diversion and abuse. However, those quotas are not well understood; while the agency announced in 2019 that it was allowing for more production of Adderall, given the apparent growing need in the patient population, we still don’t know exactly how much production has been authorized or the limits set for individual companies.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Sd6bqD">
|
|||
|
|
“The DEA gives the companies a set amount of raw material ‘quota’ to manufacture these products, but we don’t know which company gets how much,” said Erin Fox, a pharmacist at the University of Utah and leading expert on US drug shortages. “Some companies say they’re short, but DEA says that they haven’t used it all, so lots of finger-pointing.”
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QujDsu">
|
|||
|
|
Indeed, the companies that produce Adderall and its generic version <a href="https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/drugshortages/dsp_ActiveIngredientDetails.cfm?AI=Amphetamine%20Aspartate;%20Amphetamine%20Sulfate;%20Dextroamphetamine%20Saccharate;%20Dextroamphetamine%20Sulfate%20Tablets&st=c&tab=tabs-1">have cited</a> both a shortage of the active ingredients and an increase in demand to explain their ongoing shortages. But another factor, new limits on the dispensing of the drug at US pharmacies, is making the situation worse.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="T2mY54">
|
|||
|
|
In 2022, drug distributors reached a settlement with most states over their role in the proliferation of prescription opioids that helped create an addiction and overdose epidemic. Bloomberg <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-04-03/adderall-shortages-are-made-worse-by-the-opioid-crisis">reported this week</a> that, as part of that settlement, secret limits were placed on the dispensation of controlled substances last July. That has in turn prevented pharmacists from filling the prescription of every patient who comes to their pharmacy with an Adderall order.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AEYAQZ">
|
|||
|
|
According to Bloomberg, in essence, manufacturers are supposed to limit a pharmacy’s supply of drugs covered by the Controlled Substances Act, which includes opioids as well as stimulants. Pharmacists can only fill a certain number of prescriptions over a set period. But there has been widespread confusion over these rules because the pharmacists themselves don’t know what the limits are or when they are approaching them. Sometimes, they won’t know their access to Adderall has been cut off until trying to fill a prescription.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RLIwYB">
|
|||
|
|
In theory, that information is hidden to prevent anyone from gaming the system. But in practice, it has made it harder for patients to get access to the medicines they need during a six-month shortage.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="G5r1PW">
|
|||
|
|
“I understand the intention of this policy is to have control of controlled substances so they don’t get abused, but it’s not working,” Richard Glotzer, an independent pharmacist in Millwood, New York, told Bloomberg. “There’s no reason I should be cut off from ordering these products to dispense to my legitimate patients that need it.”
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xQxiF4">
|
|||
|
|
Doctors have found workarounds. Certain dosages (such as 7.5mg versus 15) are more plentiful. Some physicians have also opted for immediate-release versions of the drug instead of the extended-release doses that are chiefly in short supply. And for some of those patients, those creative solutions may work. But that may not be true for everybody: Wiznitzer told me that, on the day of our interview, a mother had come into his practice and asked that her child be returned to his older medication, currently still experiencing a shortage, as soon as possible.
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</p>
|
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nxyhKL">
|
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|
|
Some manufacturers report they expect to have production back on track by the end of April or in May. But the fact that a drug depended upon by millions of Americans could, at best, experience more than half a year of shortages has left experts wondering why more couldn’t be done to provide relief sooner.
|
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|
|
</p>
|
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|
|
<h3 id="croQOF">
|
|||
|
|
How can the government make sure Adderall is available to those who need it?
|
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|
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</h3>
|
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MvNT9p">
|
|||
|
|
The ongoing shortage has brought the DEA’s limits on Adderall production under scrutiny. Though the current shortage was officially recognized in October 2022, the agency did not alter its plans for production quotas in 2023 in <a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2022-12-02/pdf/2022-26351.pdf">a December 2022 bulletin</a>, to the bafflement of <a href="https://reason.com/2023/03/14/wheres-your-adderall/">some outside observers</a>.
|
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|
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</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="K4WdsY">
|
|||
|
|
Maia Szalavitz, a leading commentator on substance abuse issues, suggested in <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/25/opinion/adderall-shortage-drug-policy.html">a column published last month in the New York Times</a> that oversight of the drug should be shifted from the DEA, which approaches the issue through a law-enforcement lens, to the Food and Drug Administration. She advocated specifically for increasing production quotas and for revisiting the opioid settlements that have added to the regulatory red tape that may limit legitimate access to the drug for patients who need it.
|
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</p>
|
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3fiZtk">
|
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|
|
These artificial limits on production, however well-intentioned, are at least partly to blame for the persistent shortage of the past six months. Lawmakers are <a href="https://spanberger.house.gov/posts/spanberger-puts-more-pressure-on-dea-to-address-adderall-shortage-following-silence-from-federal-agencies">pressing the DEA</a> to do what it can to alleviate the problem. The solution seems simple — allow more of the drug to be produced — though that also has potential downsides.
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</p>
|
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kViX57">
|
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|
|
Illicit use of prescription stimulants is a real problem. Some of the doctors I spoke to did not want to comment on the record about any changes to federal Adderall regulations, given its sensitive nature. There are <a href="https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17091048">several hundred thousand people</a> in the US who are abusing stimulants like Adderall habitually. Prescription stimulants can be deadly, though they have historically accounted for <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7606828/">a small percentage of all overdose deaths</a>.
|
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</p>
|
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="U1hZ2f">
|
|||
|
|
Regulations should reflect the relative risks. “Stimulants like Adderall and Ritalin are nowhere near as addictive or lethal as Fentanyl or other opioids,” Linda Schmidt, a child and adolescent psychiatrist at Oregon Health and Science University, told me.
|
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|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uDROhG">
|
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|
|
The question is how to calibrate government oversight to balance the risks to public health versus the risks to patients who can’t access the medications they need. Some experts believe the current system is too overloaded toward preventing abuse, and the current shortage is a consequence of that misalignment.
|
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|
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</p>
|
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WZRfdi">
|
|||
|
|
It would certainly be possible to monitor for Adderall diversion without subjecting it to the same restrictions as opioids. Wiznitzer pointed out that, under Ohio laws, physicians are required to check the state’s prescription drug monitoring database once a month for patients who are prescribed opioids, but only once a year for patients who are prescribed stimulants.
|
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</p>
|
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IMrlMj">
|
|||
|
|
Most of the policy discussion during the shortage has focused on questions of how to loosen up the supply of Adderall.
|
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|
|
</p>
|
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="p0Xks4">
|
|||
|
|
The other factor driving the shortage, the increase in demand, is more complicated. During the pandemic, it became easier for doctors to prescribe controlled substances without an in-person visit. There have been examples, as <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/23310326/tiktok-adhd-telehealth-done-adderall">Vox’s Sara Morrison previously reported</a>, of “sketchy as hell” startups pushing Adderall on social media sites like TikTok. The DEA has proposed new rules to require an in-person consultation before the prescription of a drug like Adderall.
|
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</p>
|
|||
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9CGrfU">
|
|||
|
|
But that plan <a href="https://newrepublic.com/article/171018/biden-telemedicine-adderall-buphenorphine-restrictions">has been criticized</a> by some as putting patients at risk who may rely on telemedicine for legitimate reasons. Wiznitzer pointed out that a virtual visit, in which a doctor can observe a child in their natural habitat, can be more revealing than an office visit.
|
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</p>
|
|||
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|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gevye8">
|
|||
|
|
This law enforcement mindset is at the heart of the critique from Szalavitz and others. The DEA approaches its role in regulating Adderall as primarily one of law enforcement, with the emphasis being placed on preventing abuse as much as possible. That may be an understandable — if misguided, in the eyes of some — legacy of the opioid epidemic.
|
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</p>
|
|||
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Ew0XIP">
|
|||
|
|
“Perhaps in response to its failure to prevent the rise in prescription opioid misuse, the D.E.A. may be trying to avert a repeat crisis by keeping stimulant manufacturing quotas tight,” Szalavitz wrote in the Times.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NW11du">
|
|||
|
|
But the crisis of the past six months has also shown the potential risk of the current approach: In the richest country in the world, desperate patients can’t get a medicine they need.
|
|||
|
|
</p></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><strong>Kelly Link secures her crown as queen of the literary fairy tale</strong> -
|
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|
|
<figure>
|
|||
|
|
<img alt="A parchment-colored book cover depicts a broken nutshell. A small black dog sits in one half of the shell, and the word STORIES is superimposed on the other. On the right side of the cover we can see the shadow of pointed cat ears. The top of the cover says WHITE CAT, BLACK DOG, and the bottom says KELLY LINK, FINALIST FOR THE PULITZER PRIZE." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/FPAJf6MQnTIGkUIFZ9_EWDiof3Y=/0x226:298x450/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72164822/9780593449950.0.jpeg"/>
|
|||
|
|
<figcaption>
|
|||
|
|
<em>White Cat, Black Dog</em> by Kelly Link. | Random House
|
|||
|
|
</figcaption>
|
|||
|
|
</figure>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
|||
|
|
Her latest book, White Cat, Black Dog, is a collection of fairy tales that shimmer with unease.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SmLJRx">
|
|||
|
|
A characteristic of the fairy tale is that it refuses to explain itself. Not for folklore is our modern fretting over magical systems that behave, science-like, in clear and predictable ways, with rules an audience can fathom. Cinderella’s slipper is glass because that’s what it’s made out of. There are giants at the end of Jack’s beanstalk because that’s where they are. Rapunzel’s hair grows long enough to be used as a ladder because that’s what it does.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4BFYQ1">
|
|||
|
|
Kelly Link’s short stories are fairy tales in part because she does not force them to explain themselves. In Link’s funny, eerie tales, you talk to a magical grub by putting it into your own mouth because that’s how it works. Death requires a house sitter because he does. “The mechanics of how I can speak are really of no great interest,” says a cannabis-farming white cat, “and I’m afraid I don’t really understand it myself, in any case.”
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="K615cO">
|
|||
|
|
The pot-growing cat is one of the title characters of <a href="https://bookshop.org/p/books/white-cat-black-dog-stories-kelly-link/18600074"><em>White Cat, Black Dog</em></a>, Link’s latest collection of short stories. It’s the fifth anthology Link has published since she put out her debut, <em>Stranger Things Happen</em>, at her own Small Beer Press in 2001, and the first since she became a Pulitzer finalist for 2016 and won a MacArthur “genius” grant <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/short-story-writer-kelly-link-wins-macarthur-genius-grant/2018/10/04/75b53be8-c768-11e8-b1ed-1d2d65b86d0c_story.html">in 2018</a>. <em>White Cat, Black Dog</em> is also the first Link anthology in which each story is explicitly a fairy tale, although the straight-faced incomprehensibility of the magic in her previous stories makes them a good match for the genre, too.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LC8gmn">
|
|||
|
|
The white cat in question comes from “The White Cat’s Divorce,” Link’s take on Madame d’Aulnoy’s “The White Cat.” A king — or, in Link’s case, a tech billionaire — sends his three sons off in search of the smallest and most beautiful dog they can find, assuring them he’ll name the winner his heir. The youngest son meets a white cat, who sends him home with a nutshell which, on being cracked open, reveals a miniscule dog of supreme beauty. “Certainly, that is a very small dog,” allows Link’s tech billionaire.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="c-float-right">
|
|||
|
|
<aside id="VO1igX">
|
|||
|
|
<div>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</aside>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4pFHXc">
|
|||
|
|
Link’s retelling, though, is not a copy-and-paste of the original with updated job titles. She knows that fairy tales were never really just for children, and she uses their deceptively simple structures to explore decidedly adult concerns. Her billionaire, Peter Thiel-like, longs to become immortal, and to that end marries a succession of increasingly younger wives, swims two miles a day, receives blood transfusions from the young, and dines upon “fish and berries and walnuts as if he were a bear and not a rich man at all.” He sends his sons off on increasingly baroque quests because he finds that their presence is one of the great obstacles to his dream of conquering death: “It is very difficult to remain young when one’s children selfishly insist upon growing older,” observes Link.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="f3Imip">
|
|||
|
|
Again and again, Link applies her fairy tales like a nutcracker to our contemporary archetypes, breaking them open and making us shiver with mingled horror and delight at the tiny and unsettling wonders she finds within. The newlywed quest narrative “East of the Sun, West of the Moon,” applied to a couple of middle-aged Upper West Side gay men in “Prince Hat Underground,” becomes a study of the problem of a perennially unfaithful beloved. “The Lady and the Fox” sets the Scottish tale of a fairy knight “Tam Lin” within a wealthy family that delights in adopting strays, and in so doing casts a vexed eye over the part-grateful, part-resentful power dynamics that ensue.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DTReWJ">
|
|||
|
|
Within these half-familiar story forms, Link’s magic continually disrupts the ideas we think we have a solid grasp on. The worlds she builds are recognizable but fundamentally strange, other, not quite like anything you’ve ever seen before. When you emerge out of <em>White Cat, Black Dog</em>, the world you left behind doesn’t look quite like anything you’ve seen before either.
|
|||
|
|
</p></li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
|
|||
|
|
<ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Hockey India moves closer to reviving HIL</strong> -</p></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>IPL 2023 | Five sixes bat used by Rinku was KKR captain Rana’s</strong> - The left-handed Rinku Singh hammered successive sixes off Yash Dayal from the last five balls of KKR’s run chase</p></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Perks of BCCI’s honorary job | First class travel, suite room and $1,000 per day on foreign trips</strong> - The BCCI board has also revised the allowances for the members of its state units who will now get ₹30,000 per day during domestic travel and $400 on foreign travel</p></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Indian GM Gukesh wins title at World Chess Armageddon Asia & Oceania event</strong> - He won in a field that included former world classical champion Vladimir Kramnik, Daniil Dubov, Yangyi Yu, Vidit Gujrathi and Karthikeyan Murali and Param Maghsoodloo, apart from Nodirbek Abdusattorov</p></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>IPL 2023 | Shikhar Dhawan blames batting unit for loss against SRH</strong> - Dhawan slammed a 66-ball 99 not out to carry the Punjab team on his shoulders as the other batters cut a sorry figure after being asked to take first strike</p></li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
|
|||
|
|
<ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Centre runs up dues of ₹483 crore on welfare pensions payment to Kerala</strong> - As per information shared by State Finance department in response to an RTI application</p></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>HAL pays second interim dividend of ₹502.58 crore</strong> -</p></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Geographical Indication: post-registration initiatives vital, say top officials of Textiles Committee</strong> - One need to register producers as authorised users, train them to use GI as an instrument for marketing the product, build the brand and logo, says Tapan Kumar Rout</p></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Countering Rahul Gandhi’s ₹20,000 crore claim, Adani says $2.6 billion stake sale money came in group firms</strong> - The statement was issued rebutting reports in an international publication, which apparently was the basis of Rahul Gandhi’s statement late last month questioning</p></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SC grants Centre 4 weeks to respond to PIL for barring those charged with serious crimes from polls</strong> - A Bench of Justices K. M. Joseph and B. V. Nagarathna also said the Union Government first needed to identify what constituted serious offences</p></li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
|
|||
|
|
<ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Who leaked top secret US documents - and why?</strong> - Almost 100 US defence department documents have been leaked - and it is unclear who will benefit.</p></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mikheil Saakashvili: Thousands join mass anti-government rally in Georgia</strong> - The demonstrators are calling for the immediate release of jailed ex-President Mikheil Saakashvili.</p></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Qatargate: Andrea Cozzolino’s lawyer speaks to the BBC</strong> - An MEP allegedly took bribes to sway EU lawmakers. His lawyer says prosecutors want to “crack” him.</p></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>French Alps avalanche: Guides among six killed at Armancette glacier</strong> - A wall of snow hit a group near Mont Blanc in south-eastern France.</p></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Vitaly Votanovsky flees Russia after documenting a Wagner cemetery</strong> - How an activist documented Russia’s war dead by counting graves - and was forced to flee.</p></li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
|
|||
|
|
<ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Last-gen ultralight laptops are nearly as fast as new models—and much cheaper</strong> - Would you pay 42 percent more for a 7.8 percent productivity boost? - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1923886">link</a></p></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Musk admits NPR isn’t state-affiliated after asking questions he could have Googled</strong> - NPR now labeled “Government Funded” despite getting under 1% of funds from US. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1930327">link</a></p></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Black hole is soaring between galaxies, leaving stars in its wake</strong> - A galaxy merger may have set a supermassive black hole free. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1930219">link</a></p></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Klaus Teuber made Catan, and it changed the world’s expectations for board games</strong> - One man’s quest to re-create ancient exploration opened up new tabletop worlds. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1929865">link</a></p></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>We’re one step closer to reading an octopus’s mind</strong> - A recording device and electrodes were implanted in the very flexible cephalopods. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1930115">link</a></p></li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
|
|||
|
|
<ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Ukranian Soldier</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="md">
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
|||
|
|
A Russian general hears someone shouting from the woods - “One Ukranian soldier is better than ten Russian”. The angry general sends ten men to deal with the annoying Ukranian. After a short period of shots and screams, another shout is heard - “One Ukranian is better than a hundred Russians”. The general sends a hundred soldiers, and again none of them come back. Then general hears a third shout - “One ukranian soldier is better than a thousand russians”. Furious, the general sends a thousand men. This time one of his soldiers survives and reports to general - “Sir, it’s a trap, there’s two of them”.
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<!-- SC_ON -->
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/MerfaGlopp"> /u/MerfaGlopp </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/12h8exo/the_ukranian_soldier/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/12h8exo/the_ukranian_soldier/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>I sexually identify as a microwave dinner</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="md">
|
|||
|
|
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
|||
|
|
I’m done in five minutes and look nothing like the picture
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
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|
<!-- SC_ON -->
|
|||
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/mutilatedxlips"> /u/mutilatedxlips </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/12gtnqg/i_sexually_identify_as_a_microwave_dinner/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/12gtnqg/i_sexually_identify_as_a_microwave_dinner/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What’s brown and rhymes with snoop?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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Dr Dre
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</p>
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</div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/theturtlegame"> /u/theturtlegame </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/12h1a6h/whats_brown_and_rhymes_with_snoop/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/12h1a6h/whats_brown_and_rhymes_with_snoop/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A man has his mother-in-law move in with him when she lost her job.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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About a week later, he returns home from his job and finds her laying on the floor, unconscious. He calls 911, the ambulance comes and takes her off to the hospital.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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He calls his wife and tells her she may have to cut her business trip short, but he’ll keep her posted.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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He gets to the hospital and waits outside the surgery, nervous and pacing. Soon, the doctor comes out and says he has some good news and some bad news.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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“Give me the bad news first, Doc.”
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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“Well, your mother-in-law had a massive stroke. She’s lost her ability to speak and can only cackle like a chicken.” The man nods his head.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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“She’s also lost all motor control to her arms and legs, so not only won’t she be able to walk, she won’t even be able to feed herself. You’ll have to feed her baby food for the rest of her life. Every day, three times a day.” Somberly, the man nods, so the doctor continues.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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“Without any motor control, she’ll also be incontinent, so she’ll have to wear diapers for the rest of her life. You’ll have to clean her and put a new diaper on her several times a day for the rest of her life.”
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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The man nods, processing all this information in his brain, then looks to the doctor and asks, " that’s some pretty bad news, but you said you had some good news. What’s the good news?"
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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“The good news is I’m just joking with you: she died.”
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</p>
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</div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Swiggy1957"> /u/Swiggy1957 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/12hb5lt/a_man_has_his_motherinlaw_move_in_with_him_when/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/12hb5lt/a_man_has_his_motherinlaw_move_in_with_him_when/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Wife: Do men wipe after they pee?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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Aging husband: Yes. Wipe the floor, wipe the rim, wipe the wall…..
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</p>
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</div>
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<!-- SC_ON -->
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/asiers"> /u/asiers </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/12ghs76/wife_do_men_wipe_after_they_pee/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/12ghs76/wife_do_men_wipe_after_they_pee/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
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</ul>
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