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<title>14 April, 2024</title>
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<title>Covid-19 Sentry</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
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<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
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<li><strong>Exploring the Perspectives of Clients and Clinicians Regarding Digitally Delivered Psychotherapies Utilized for Trauma-Affected Populations.</strong> -
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, many clinical sites shifted towards digital delivery of mental health services. However, there is still much to learn regarding tailoring interventions for trauma-affected populations, including military members, Veterans, and public safety personnel. This study examined perceptions of psychotherapies utilized for trauma-affected populations, as reported by Canadian military members, Veterans, and public safety personnel who completed such interventions and mental health clinicians who provided them. Specifically, we explored the shift to digital health use, what changed with this rapid shift, what needs, problems, and solutions arose, and important future considerations associated with delivering trauma-focused and adjunct treatments digitally. Quantitative survey data were collected from 11 Canadian patients (military members, Veterans, and public safety personnel with post-traumatic stress injury) and 12 Canadian mental health clinicians. Survey questions were adapted from the Alberta Quality Matrix for Health (AQMH) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. As a follow-up, participants were invited to participate in either a semi-structured qualitative interview or focus group to further explore their perspectives on digitally delivered trauma-focused and adjunct therapies. Four clients and 19 clinician participants participated in an interview or focus group. In survey and interview/focus group results, patient and clinician participants reported that digitally delivered trauma and adjunct therapies offered similar treatment effectiveness as in-person delivery while also improving treatment access. Participants indicated unique advantages of digital delivery, including the increased accessibility of treatment, cost effectiveness, and more efficient use of resources. However, some participants struggled with using digital platforms and felt less comfortable working in a digital environment. Further research with a larger, more diverse population is required to corroborate our results and identify other avenues in which psychotherapies utilized for trauma-affected populations can be engaged with and improved upon.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.09.24305560v1" target="_blank">Exploring the Perspectives of Clients and Clinicians Regarding Digitally Delivered Psychotherapies Utilized for Trauma-Affected Populations.</a>
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<li><strong>Impact of COVID-19 on diabetes mellitus outcomes and care in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review</strong> -
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Background The COVID-19 pandemic impacted diabetes mellitus clinical outcomes and chronic care globally. However, little is known about its impact in low-resource settings such as sub-Saharan Africa. Hence, to address this, we systematically conducted a scoping review to explore the COVID-19 impact on diabetes outcomes and care in countries of sub-Saharan Africa. Methods We applied our search strategy to PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, African Index Medicus, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Science Direct, ERIC and Embase to obtain relevant articles published from January 2020 to March 2023. Two independent reviewers were involved in the screening of retrieved articles. Data from eligible articles were extracted from quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies. Numerical data were summarised using descriptive statistics, while a thematic framework was used to categorise and identify themes for qualitative data. Results We found 42 of the retrieved 360 articles eligible, mainly from South Africa, Ethiopia and Ghana (73.4%). COVID-19 increased the risk of death (OR 1.30,9.0, 95% CI), hospitalisation (OR 3.30,3.73: 95% CI), and severity (OR: 1.30,4.05, 95% CI) in persons with diabetes mellitus. COVID-19 also increased the risk of developing diabetes mellitus in hospitalised cases. The pandemic, on the other hand, was associated with disruptions in patient self-management routine and diabetes mellitus care service delivery. Three major themes emerged, namely, (i) patient-related health management challenges, (ii) diabetes mellitus care service delivery challenges, and (iii) reorganisation of diabetes mellitus care delivery. Conclusion COVID-19 increased mortality and morbidity among people living with diabetes mellitus. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic worsened diabetes mellitus care management. Sub-Saharan African countries should, therefore, institute appropriate policy considerations for persons with diabetes mellitus during widespread emergencies.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.10.24305598v1" target="_blank">Impact of COVID-19 on diabetes mellitus outcomes and care in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review</a>
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<li><strong>Vaccination as personal public good provision</strong> -
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Vaccination against infectious diseases has both private and public benefits. We study whether social preferences—concerns for the well-being of other people—are associated with one’s decision regarding vaccination. We measure these social preferences for 549 online subjects with a public-good game and an altruism game. To the extent that one gets vaccinated out of concern for the health of others, contribution in the public-good game is analogous to an individual’s decision to obtain vaccination, while our altruism game provides a different measure of altruism, equity, and efficiency concerns. We proxy vaccine demand with how quickly a representative individual voluntarily took the initial vaccination for COVID-19 (after the vaccine was widely available). We collect COVID-19 vaccination history separately from the games to avoid experimenter-demand effects. We find a strong result: Contribution in the public-good game is associated with greater demand to voluntarily receive a first dose, and thus also to vaccinate earlier. Compared to a subject who contributes nothing, one who contributes the maximum ($4) is 58% more likely to obtain a first dose voluntarily in the four-month period that we study (April through August 2021). In short, people who are more pro-social are more likely to take a voluntary COVID-19 vaccination. Behavior in our altruism game does not predict vaccination. We recommend further research on the use of pro-social preferences to help motivate individuals to vaccinate for other transmissible diseases, such as the flu and HPV.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/emj6v/" target="_blank">Vaccination as personal public good provision</a>
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<li><strong>MAJOR METABOLITES FROM HYPERICUM PERFORATUM L., HYPERFORIN AND HYPERICIN, ARE BOTH ACTIVE AGAINST HUMAN CORONAVIRUSES</strong> -
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COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need of antiviral molecules against coronaviruses. Plants are an endless source of active compounds. In the current study, we investigated the potential antiviral effects of Hypericum perforatum L. Its extract contained two major metabolites belonging to distinct chemical classes, hypericin (HC) and hyperforin (HF). First, we demonstrated that HC inhibited HCoV-229E at the entry step by directly targeting the viral particle in a light-dependent manner. While antiviral properties have already been described for HC, the study here showed for the first time that HF has pan-coronavirus antiviral capacity. Indeed, HF was highly active against Alphacoronavirus HCoV-229E (IC50 value of 1.10 {micro}M), and Betacoronaviruses SARS-CoV-2 (IC50 value of of 0.24 to 0.98 {micro}M), SARS-CoV (IC50 value of 1.01 {micro}M) and MERS-CoV (IC50 value of 2.55 {micro}M). Unlike HC, HF was active at a post-entry step, most likely the replication step. Antiviral activity of HF on HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed in primary human respiratory epithelial cells. Furthermore, in vitro combination assay of HF with remdesivir showed that their association was additive, which was encouraging for a potential therapeutical association. As HF was active on both Alpha- and Betacoronaviruses, a cellular target was hypothesized. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway, a potential target of HF, has been investigated but the results showed that HF antiviral activity against HCoV-229E was not dependent on HO-1. Collectively, HF is a promising antiviral candidate in view of our results and pharmacokinetics studies already published in animal models or in human.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.09.588755v1" target="_blank">MAJOR METABOLITES FROM HYPERICUM PERFORATUM L., HYPERFORIN AND HYPERICIN, ARE BOTH ACTIVE AGAINST HUMAN CORONAVIRUSES</a>
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<li><strong>Widespread exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife communities</strong> -
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Pervasive SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans have led to multiple transmission events to captive animals. While SARS-CoV-2 has a potential broad wildlife host range, most documented infections to date are found in a single species, the white-tailed deer. The extent of SARS-CoV-2 exposure among wildlife species and the factors that influence wildlife transmission risk remain unknown. We sampled 23 wildlife species for SARS-CoV-2 and examined the effects of urbanization and human use on seropositivity. Here, we document positive detections of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in six species, including the deer mouse, Virginia opossum, raccoon, groundhog, Eastern cottontail, and Eastern red bat. In addition, we found that sites with high human activity had three times higher seroprevalence than low human-use areas. We detected SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences from nine individuals of six species which were assigned to seven Pango lineages of the Omicron variant. The close match to variants circulating in humans at the time suggests at least seven recent human-to-animal transmission events. Our data support that exposure to SARS-CoV-2 has been widespread in wildlife communities and suggests that areas with high human activity may serve as points of contact for cross-species transmission.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.04.515237v3" target="_blank">Widespread exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife communities</a>
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<li><strong>Impact of crisis communication strategies on people’s attitudes toward behavioral guidelines regarding COVID-19 and on their trust in local officials</strong> -
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Introduction: The communication patterns of commercial organizations are generally guided by Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT), but the impact of different crisis communication strategies for public messaging on COVID-19 has not been thoroughly examined. As such, we test how crisis communication strategies affect trust in mayors and the acceptance of behavioral measures, specifically regarding the buffering effect of a mayor’s pre-crisis reputation as well whether trust mediates the link between crisis communication strategies and acceptance of behavioral measures. Methods: A total of 561 participants (53% female; mean age 50 yrs) took part in an online experiment in which we systematically manipulated the mayor’s crisis communication strategy (deny vs. diminish, vs. rebuild, vs. bolstering, vs. no response) and pre-crisis reputation (good past crisis management, bad past crisis management). Age, gender and education served as covariates. In an exploratory analysis, we also tested the predictive power of personal concern regarding the COVID-19 pandemic as well as internal and external control convictions. Results: In our pre-planned analysis, we found that crisis communication strategies and pre-crisis reputation had no significant effect on participants’ ratings of acceptance of certain behaviors or their behavioral intentions. However, the different communication strategies did affect participants’ trust in the mayor and intention to vote for him. Specifically, we found that while the strategy of denying was overall unsuccessful, all other strategies fared similarly when the mayor’s pre-crisis reputation was high. When his pre-crisis reputation was low, differences emerged between the other strategies. The exploratory analysis corroborated earlier findings about the importance of individual concern and trust as predictors of behavioral measures. Discussion: Overall, SCCT seems to be an adequate description the effects of communication strategies on reputation in local officials during a pandemic. Yet, neither direct effects of communication strategies on acceptance of behavioral measures nor indirect effects on behavioral measures could not be shown. Since trust is an important aspect, we advise local officials to carefully choose their communication style.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/qmcs6/" target="_blank">Impact of crisis communication strategies on people’s attitudes toward behavioral guidelines regarding COVID-19 and on their trust in local officials</a>
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<li><strong>Evaluation of The New Student Candidates admission Information System Using ISO/IEC 25010 Model</strong> -
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is very important to pay attention to the evaluation of the quality of higher education information systems because most of internet users were only accessed from home. So it is necessary to evaluate to produce a quality system. This study aimed to evaluate the information system for the candidate of new student admissions at the Muhammadiyah University of Education Sorong. This evaluation was conducted to find out that SIPMB Unimuda Sorong was designed according to the wishes, and how high the level of user satisfaction was. This study used five characteristics that exist in ISO/IE 25010. The results showed that the usability characteristic test obtained a percentage value of 77% in the Very Eligible category. Meanwhile, in testing the functional suitability characteristics, it obtained a score percentage of 98% in the Very Good category. In testing the performance efficiency characteristics, it has met the standard because the average time used is 3.1 seconds for page load, page size is 866 kb, page speed is in Grade C (72%), and Yslow is in grade A (93%) so that we get very good category. The maintainability characteristic test is carried out by taking into account the three test criteria. The test results showed that the system has met the three categories they were instrumentation, consistency, and simplicity, so that SIPMB has met the maintainability test. And testing the reliability characteristics obtained a percentage value of 100%, this shows that SIPMB has met the Telcordia standard. Based on the results of testing and analysis, it can be said that SIPM UNIMUDA Sorong has product quality in accordance with ISO/IEC 25010 Software Product Quality standards.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/e8znx/" target="_blank">Evaluation of The New Student Candidates admission Information System Using ISO/IEC 25010 Model</a>
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<li><strong>Educational Technology in Higher Education on Pandemic Covid-19 Experiences</strong> -
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The educational technology is very important in the world of education because it can facilitate the process of learning activities both in the classroom and learning activities at home as it is now when learning online or online because of the covid-19 pandemic that spreads throughout the world, including in Indonesia. of learning and learning, the history of the development of educational technology and knowing the meaning of educational technology. The research method used is sourced from secondary data. Secondary data is data obtained from information or knowledge obtained indirectly, among others, includes official documents, books, and research results in the form of reports. The results of this study explain that educational technology has developed steadily where each stage in its development creates a new discovery that facilitates learning activities. The emergence of educational technology makes it easier for educators and students to learn independently and can create the latest innovations in the world of education so that a learning and learning innovation will emerge that makes educators and students able to learn easily and fun.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/e9cx7/" target="_blank">Educational Technology in Higher Education on Pandemic Covid-19 Experiences</a>
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<li><strong>Data rectification to account for delays in reporting disease incidence with an application to forecasting COVID-19 cases</strong> -
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Effective monitoring of infectious disease incidence remains a major challenge to public health. Difficulties in estimating the trends in disease incidence arise mainly from the time delay between case diagnosis and the reporting of cases to public health databases. However, predictive models usually assume that public data sets faithfully reflect the state of disease transmission. In this paper, we study the effect of delayed case reporting by comparing data reported by the Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center (CRC) with that of the raw clinical data collected from the San Antonio Metro Health District (SAMHD), San Antonio, Texas. An insight on the subtle effect that such reporting errors potentially have on predictive modeling is presented. We use an exponential distribution model for the regression analysis of the reporting delay. The proposed model for correcting reporting delays was applied to our recently developed SEYAR (Susceptible, Exposed, Symptomatic, Asymptomatic, Recovered) dynamical model for COVID-19 transmission dynamics. Employing data from SAMHD, we demonstrate that the forecasting ability of the SEYAR model is substantially improved when the rectified reporting obtained from our proposed model is utilized. The methods and findings demonstrated in this work have ample applicability in the forecasting of infectious disease outbreaks. Our findings suggest that failure to consider reporting delays in surveillance data can significantly alter forecasts.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.08.24305398v1" target="_blank">Data rectification to account for delays in reporting disease incidence with an application to forecasting COVID-19 cases</a>
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<li><strong>Effectiveness of the 2023-2024 Omicron XBB.1.5-containing mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (mRNA-1273.815) in preventing COVID-19-related hospitalizations and medical encounters among adults in the United States: An interim analysis</strong> -
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Background/Objectives COVID-19 continues to pose a significant burden that impacts public health and the healthcare system as the SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to evolve. Regularly updated vaccines are anticipated to boost waning immunity and provide protection against circulating variants. This study evaluated vaccine effectiveness (VE) of mRNA-1273.815, a 2023-2024 Omicron XBB.1.5-containing mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, at preventing COVID-19-related hospitalizations and any medically attended COVID-19 in adults ≥18 years, overall, and by age and underlying medical conditions. Methods This retrospective cohort study used the Veradigm Network EHR linked to claims data to identify US adults ≥18 years of age who received the mRNA-1273.815 vaccine (exposed) matched 1:1 to individuals who did not receive a 2023-2024 updated COVID-19 vaccine (unexposed). Patients in the unexposed cohort were randomly matched to eligible mRNA-1273.815 recipients. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to adjust for differences between the two cohorts. The exposed cohort was vaccinated between September 12, 2023, and December 15, 2023, and individuals in both cohorts were followed up for COVID-19-related hospitalizations and medically attended COVID-19 until December 31, 2023. A Cox regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR). VE of the mRNA-1273.815 vaccine in preventing COVID-19-related hospitalizations and any medically attended COVID-19 was estimated as 100*(1-HR). Subgroup analyses were performed for adults ≥50, adults ≥65, and individuals with underlying medical conditions associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes. Results Overall, 859,335 matched pairs of mRNA-1273.815 recipients and unexposed adults were identified. The mean age was 63 years, and 80% of the study population was ≥50 years old. 61.5% of the mRNA-1273.815 cohort and 66.4% of the unexposed cohort had an underlying medical condition. Among the overall adult population (≥18 years), VE was 60.2% (53.4-66.0%) against COVID-19-related hospitalization and 33.1% (30.2%-35.9%) against medically attended COVID-19 over a median follow-up of 63 (IQR: 44-78) days. VE estimates by age and underlying medical conditions were similar. Conclusions These results demonstrate the significant protection provided by mRNA-1273.815 against COVID-19-related hospitalizations and any medically attended COVID-19 in adults 18 years and older, regardless of their vaccination history, and support CDC recommendations for vaccination with the 2023-2024 Omicron XBB.1.5-containing COVID-19 vaccine to prevent COVID-19-related outcomes, including hospitalizations.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.10.24305549v1" target="_blank">Effectiveness of the 2023-2024 Omicron XBB.1.5-containing mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (mRNA-1273.815) in preventing COVID-19-related hospitalizations and medical encounters among adults in the United States: An interim analysis</a>
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<li><strong>Safety and immunogenicity of PHH-1V as booster vaccination through the Omicron era: results from a phase IIb open-label extension study up to 6 months</strong> -
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Background: Phase IIb HIPRA-HH-2 study results showed that PHH-1V as first booster dose elicited a strong and sustained neutralising antibody response against various SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here, we report the safety and immunogenicity of a fourth booster dose of PHH-1V against the most prevalent Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants in Spain. Methods: The HIPRA-HH-2 open-label extension study (NCT05142553) evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of PHH-1V as a fourth booster dose in subjects aged ≥18 years and followed for 6 months. Subjects received a fourth dose of PHH-1V 6-12 months after a previous regime of either two doses of BNT162b2 plus a third dose of PHH-1V (Cohort 1) or three doses of BNT162b2 (Cohort 2). Primary regulatory endpoint evaluated the neutralisation titres (GMT) against Omicron BA.1 on Day 14 of PHH-1V used as fourth dose in Cohort 2 vs the BNT162b2 used as third dose in initial HIPRA-HH-2 study. The immunogenicity of PHH-1V as fourth dose was also investigated by GMTs against Beta, Delta, and Omicron BA.1, BA.4/5 and XBB.1.5 on Days 14, 98 and 182 post-immunisation in the overall study population and in Cohorts 1 and 2 versus baseline. Safety of the fourth dose was also assessed. Findings: From September 2022, 288 subjects received PHH-1V as a fourth dose (Cohort 1 n=106; Cohort 2 n=182). A significant increase in neutralising antibodies against Omicron BA.1 subvariant at Day 14 was observed from the third homologous booster with mRNA vaccine compared to the fourth heterologous booster with PHH-1V (1739.02 vs 4049.01; GMT ratio 0.43 (95% CI: 0.28; 0.65; p-value < 0.0001). PHH-1V used as fourth booster induced a statistically significant increase in neutralising antibody titres 14 days after immunisation for all variants compared with baseline [GMFR on Day 14 (95%CI) was 6.96 (5.23, 9.25) for Beta variant; 6.27 (4.79, 8.22) for Delta variant; 9.21 (5.57, 15.21) for Omicron BA.1 variant; 11.80 (8.29, 16.80) for Omicron BA.4/5 variant and 5.22 (3.97, 6.87) for Omicron XBB.1.5 variant]. Titres remained significantly higher compared with baseline at 3 and 6 months post-vaccination. Cohort comparison revealed no significant differences at 14 , 98 and 182 days post-vaccination. The most frequent adverse events were injection site pain (Cohort 1: 84.0%; Cohort 2: 77.5%) and fatigue (Cohort 1: 17.9%; Cohort 2: 29.1%). No subjects experienced severe COVID-19 infection. Interpretation: The PHH-1V vaccine as a booster induced a potent and sustained neutralising antibody response against previous circulating Beta, Delta variants and Omicron BA.1, BA.4/5, and XBB.1.5 subvariants in subjects previously vaccinated with three doses regardless of previous regimen. These findings suggest that PHH-1V could be an appropriate strategy for upcoming heterologous vaccination campaigns.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.09.24305540v1" target="_blank">Safety and immunogenicity of PHH-1V as booster vaccination through the Omicron era: results from a phase IIb open-label extension study up to 6 months</a>
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<li><strong>On the parameterization of mathematical models of infectious disease transmission structured by age at the start of the epidemic spread.</strong> -
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Estimation of transmission and contact rate parameters among individuals in different age groups is a key point in the mathematical modeling of infectious disease transmission. Several approaches exist for this task but, given the complexity of the problem, the obtained values are always approximate estimations that hold in particular conditions. Our goal is to contribute to this task in the event of an emerging disease. We propose a methodology to estimate the contact rate parameters from the fraction of the incidence reported in each age group at the beginning of the epidemic spread. Working with an age-structured SIR model, we obtain an equation that relates the contact parameters to various epidemiological quantities that could be accessible through different sources. We apply the method to obtain information about the contact structure by age during the COVID-19 epidemic spread in Greater Buenos Aires (Argentina) in 2020. As we have the fractions of reported incidence by age but only rough estimations of other quantities involved in the method, we define several epidemiological scenarios based on various hypotheses. Using the different sets of contact parameters obtained, we evaluate control strategies and analyze the dependence of the results on our assumptions. The proposed method could be useful to obtain a fast first insight of a new emergent disease at the beginning of epidemic spread using the accessible information.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.11.24305604v1" target="_blank">On the parameterization of mathematical models of infectious disease transmission structured by age at the start of the epidemic spread.</a>
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<li><strong>Parametrization of Worldwide Covid-19 data for multiple variants: How is the SAR-Cov2 virus evolving?</strong> -
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We mapped the 2020-2023 daily Covid-19 case data from the World Health Organization (WHO) to the original SIR model of Karmack and McKendrick for multiple pandemic recurrences due to the evolution of the virus to different variants in forty countries worldwide. The aim of the study was to determine how the SIR parameters are changing as the virus evolved into variants. Each peak in cases was analyzed separately for each country and the parameters: reff (pandemic R-parameter), Leff (average number of days an individual is infective) and alpha (the rate of infection for contacts between the set of susceptible persons and the set of infected persons) were computed. Each peak was mapped to circulating variants for each country and the SIR parameters (reff, Leff, alpha) were averaged over each variant using their values in peaks where 70% of the variant sequences identified belonged to a single variant. This analysis showed that on average, compared to the original Wuhan variant (alpha = 0.2), the parameter alpha has increased to alpha = 0.5 for the Omicron variants. The value of reff has decreased from around 3.8 to 2.0 and Leff has decreased from 15 days to 10 days. This is as would be expected of a virus that is coming to equilibrium by evolving to increase its infectivity while reducing the effects of infections on the host.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.09.24305557v1" target="_blank">Parametrization of Worldwide Covid-19 data for multiple variants: How is the SAR-Cov2 virus evolving?</a>
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<li><strong>Incidence and Risk of Post-COVID-19 Thromboembolic Disease and the Impact of Aspirin Prescription; Nationwide Observational Cohort at the US Department of Veteran Affairs.</strong> -
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Introduction: COVID-19 triggers prothrombotic and proinflammatory changes, with thrombotic disease prevalent in up to 30% SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Early work suggests that aspirin could prevent COVID-19 related thromboembolic disorders in some studies but not others. This study leverages data from the largest integrated healthcare system in the United States to better understand this association. Our objective was to evaluate the incidence and risk of COVID-19 associated acute thromboembolic disorders and the potential impact of aspirin. Methods: This retrospective, observational study utilized national electronic health record data from the Veterans Health Administration. 334,374 Veterans who tested positive for COVID-19 from March 2, 2020, to June 13, 2022, were included, 81,830 of whom had preexisting aspirin prescription prior to their COVID-19 diagnosis. Patients with and without aspirin prescriptions were matched and the odds of post-COVID acute thromboembolic disorders were assessed. Results: 10.1% of Veterans had a documented thromboembolic disorder within 12 months following their COVID-19 diagnosis. Those with specific comorbidities were at greatest risk. Preexisting aspirin prescription was associated with a significant decrease risk of post-COVID-19 thromboembolic disorders, including pulmonary embolism (OR [95% CI]: 0.69 [0.65, 0.74]) and deep vein thrombosis (OR [95% CI]: 0.76 [0.69, 0.83], but an increased risk of acute arterial diseases, including ischemic stroke (OR [95% CI]: 1.54 [1.46, 1.60]) and acute ischemic heart disease (1.33 [1.26, 1.39]). Conclusions: Findings demonstrated that preexisting aspirin prescription prior to COVID-19 diagnosis was associated with significantly decreased risk of venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism but increased risk of acute arterial disease. The risk of arterial disease may be associated with increased COVID-19 prothrombotic effects superimposed on preexisting chronic cardiovascular disease for which aspirin was already prescribed. Prospective clinical trials may help to further assess the efficacy of aspirin use prior to COVID-19 diagnosis for the prevention of post-COVID-19 thromboembolic disorders.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.10.24305647v1" target="_blank">Incidence and Risk of Post-COVID-19 Thromboembolic Disease and the Impact of Aspirin Prescription; Nationwide Observational Cohort at the US Department of Veteran Affairs.</a>
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<li><strong>Modeling the interplay between disease spread, behaviors, and disease perception with a data-driven approach</strong> -
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Individuals9 perceptions of disease influence their adherence to preventive measures, shaping the dynamics of disease spread. Despite extensive research on the interaction between disease spread, human behaviors, and interventions, few models have incorporated real-world behavioral data on disease perception, limiting their applicability. This study novelly integrates disease perception, represented by perceived severity, as a critical determinant of behavioral change into a data-driven compartmental model to assess its impact on disease spread. Using survey data, we explore scenarios involving a competition between a COVID-19 wave and a vaccination campaign, where individuals9 behaviors vary based on their perceived severity of the disease. Results demonstrate that behavioral heterogeneities influenced by perceived severity affect epidemic dynamics, with high heterogeneity yielding contrasting effects. Longer adherence to protective measures by groups with high perceived severity provides greater protection to vulnerable individuals, while premature relaxation of behaviors by low perceived severity groups facilitates virus spread. Epidemiological curves reveal that differences in behavior among groups can eliminate a second infection peak, resulting in a higher first peak and overall more severe outcomes. The specific modeling approach for how perceived severity modulates behavior parameters does not strongly impact the model9s outcomes. Sensitivity analyses confirm the robustness of our findings, emphasizing the consistent impact of behavioral heterogeneities across various scenarios. Our study underscores the importance of integrating risk perception into infectious disease transmission models and highlights the necessity of extensive data collection to enhance model accuracy and relevance.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.10.24305600v1" target="_blank">Modeling the interplay between disease spread, behaviors, and disease perception with a data-driven approach</a>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effects of Unsupervised Inspiratory Muscle Training on Ventilation Variability in Post-covid-19 Patients.</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19 <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Device: Experimental Group <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Phase IV Vaccine Study Under the National Cohort Study of Effectiveness and Safety of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Vaccines.</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: SARS CoV 2 Infection <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: Johnson & Johnson <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Jens D Lundgren, MD; Ministry of the Interior and Health, Denmark <br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Detoxification From the Lipid Tract</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19 Vaccine Adverse Reaction <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Device: electroencephalogram biofeedback; Device: electrical brain stimulation; Device: ultra-low frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation; Drug: Sertraline Hydrochloride; Drug: Clonazepam; Drug: Alprazolam; Drug: Metoprolol; Drug: Olanzapine; Drug: Pravastatin Sodium 20 MG; Drug: Sacubitril Valsartan Sodium Hydrate <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Pachankis, Yang I., M.D.; First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University <br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Covid-19 and Influenza Oral Vaccine Study</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: covid19 Infection; Influenza, Human <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: Covid-19 vaccine; Biological: Influenza vaccine <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Vaxine Pty Ltd; Australian Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Institute Ltd <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study of an Investigational mRNA-1273.815 COVID-19 Vaccine in Previously Vaccinated Adults</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: SARS-CoV-2 <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: Investigational mRNA-1273.815; Biological: Licensed Spikevax Vaccine <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: ModernaTX, Inc. <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study of the Efficacy of Troxerutin in Preventing Thrombotic Events in COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID 19 Associated Coagulopathy <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Troxerutin; Drug: Placebo; Drug: placebo + low molecular weight heparin; Drug: troxerutin + low molecular weight heparin <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Westlake University; Shaoxing Central Hospital <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Use of Isatidis Root and Forsythia Oral Liquid for the Treatment of Mild Cases of COVID-19: A Trial Clinical Study</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Treatment of Mild Cases of COVID-19 <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Langenlianqiao; Drug: LianhuaQingWen; Other: placebo control group <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Central South University <br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Fascial Tissue Response To Manual Therapy: Implications In Long Covid Rehabilitation</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19 <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Other: Guidebook; Other: Guidebook and Myofascial Reorganization® (RMF). <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: University of the State of Santa Catarina; Larissa Sinhorim <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effect of Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus Paracasei PS23 on Brain Fog in People With Long COVID</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Long COVID; Brain Fog; Cognitive Change <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Dietary Supplement: Lactobacillus paracasei PS23; Dietary Supplement: microcrystalline cellulose <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluation of the Impact of Rehabilitation Strategies and Early Discharge After Respiratory Failure</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Acute Respiratory Failure <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: Standard of Care; Behavioral: Rehabilitation <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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