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<title>08 February, 2022</title>
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<title>Covid-19 Sentry</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
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<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
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<li><strong>Having a Prevention Regulatory Focus Longitudinally Predicts Distress and Health-Protective Behaviors During the COVID-9 Pandemic</strong> -
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<div>
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Background: Past research has shown that regulatory focus shapes people’s health and well-being, with those who are focused on prevention (vs. promotion) being more motivated by safety and being less inclined to take risks. Purpose: In the current study, we tested if having a prevention (vs. promotion) focus before the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak predicted perceptions and health outcomes and threat over the course of the pandemic. Methods: Participants (N = 161, 51.6% women; Mage = 34.04, SD = 7.77) took part in a longitudinal study. Measures were assessed before the pandemic was declared (in November 2019, T1) and after a global pandemic was declared (on June 2020, T2). Results: Results suggest that people who were more focused on prevention prior to the onset of the pandemic (at T1) perceived greater risk of contracting COVID-19, were more worried about being infected, and engaged in more preventative behaviors during the pandemic (at T2). Additionally, they also reported less anxiety and felt healthier (at T2). Conclusions: People focused on prevention (i.e., motivated by security) are more aware of health threats and more likely to engage in health-protective behaviors. Acting in accordance to their motives seems to help these people to experience better health and reduces anxiety about health even during a pandemic.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/k7j6h/" target="_blank">Having a Prevention Regulatory Focus Longitudinally Predicts Distress and Health-Protective Behaviors During the COVID-9 Pandemic</a>
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<li><strong>A Self-Monitoring Wellbeing Screening Methodology for Keyworkers</strong> -
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Background The detrimental impact of Covid-19 has led to an urgent need to support the wellbeing of UK National Health Service and care workers. Objective To develop a diary to support the wellbeing of staff in public healthcare in real-time, allowing the exploration of population wellbeing and pro-active responses to issues identified. Methods The diary was co-produced by NHS and care stakeholders and university researchers. It was based on an integrative model of mental health and wellbeing. Diary users were encouraged to reflect on their experience confidentially, empowering them to monitor their wellbeing. The data collected was analysed using Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests to determine any significant wellbeing trends and issues. Findings A statistically significant decline in wellbeing (P<2.2E-16), and a significant increase in symptoms (P=1.2E-14) was observed. For example, indicators of post-traumatic stress, including, flashbacks, dissociation, and bodily symptoms (Kruskal-Wallis P=0.00081, 0.0083, and 0.027, respectively) became significantly worse and users reported issues with sleeping (51%), levels of alertness (46%), and burnout (41%). Conclusions and clinical implications The wellbeing diary demonstrated the value of population-based wellbeing data driven by an integrative model of wellbeing. It successfully demonstrated the capability to distinguish trends and wellbeing problems. Thus, informing how staff wellbeing services can determine and respond to need with timely interventions. The results particularly emphasised the pressing need for interventions that help staff with burnout, self-compassion, and flashbacks.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/8h564/" target="_blank">A Self-Monitoring Wellbeing Screening Methodology for Keyworkers</a>
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<li><strong>Results from EDIFICE : A French pilot study on COVID-19 and the gut microbiome in a hospital environment</strong> -
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BACKGROUND & AIMS: Early reports suggest that both fecal shedding and dysbiosis of the gut microbiome are associated to disease severity in COVID-19 patients. We investigated the gut microbiome as well as the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in stool samples from two French populations: exposed healthcare workers and elderly hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The predictive power of bacterial loss of diversity and detection of SARS-CoV-2 in stool was assessed at 4 weeks against clinical outcomes in the patient group. METHODS: 79 healthcare workers in contact with COVID-19 patients and 64 elderly patients hospitalised in a COVID-19 unit in France were included in the EDIFICE trial from April 2020 until May 2021. Stool samples were collected at inclusion. Loss of bacterial diversity was diagnosed based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Stool positivity to SARS-CoV-2 was determined by RT-PCR. Clinical outcomes were recorded at a 4 weeks follow up visit. In particular, these include whether the patient had been put under oxygen during the 4 weeks follow up, whether he had been discharged with or without aggravation from initial symptoms or whether the patient had died. The primary end point was to validate the hypothesis that hospitalized COVID-19 patients had more often lost their bacterial diversity than highly exposed active healthcare workers. RESULTS: Elderly hospitalised patients with COVID-19 had more frequently lost their bacterial diversity when compared to exposed healthcare workers (p-value = 0.005), their severe dysbiosis was characterized by enrichment of the family Erysipelotrichaceae and depletion of beneficial bacteria at the genus level such as butyrate producers (Butyrivibrio, Roseburia, Faecalibacterium) and Bifidobacterium. The virus was detected in 61% of hospitalized patients and in only one healthcare workers (2%) who had previously been diagnosed with COVID-19 (p-value<0.001). No significant difference in the gut microbiome composition at the genus level of patients that tested positive in stool versus patients that tested negative was observed. Neither bacterial loss of diversity nor positivity to SARS-CoV-2 were associated to clinical outcome at 4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: We report findings of the first French trial investigating the clinical interest of stool based diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 and loss of bacterial diversity in a population of elderly hospitalised COVID-19 patients and highly exposed healthcare workers. Our findings of reduced bacterial diversity and a strong gut dysbiosis in elderly hospitalized COVID-19 patients are highly consistent with previous reports mostly from Chinese populations. A major limitation is that observed differences in the gut microbiome between the two studied groups cannot be attributed to COVID-19 per se given the large number of confounding factors. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the stool of the majority of hospitalized patients even several weeks after initial diagnosis by nasopharyngeal swabs. This high prevalence warrants further investigation by the scientific community into mechanism.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.06.22269945v1" target="_blank">Results from EDIFICE : A French pilot study on COVID-19 and the gut microbiome in a hospital environment</a>
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<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 infects, replicates, elevates angiotensin II and activates immune cells in human testes</strong> -
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Although much has been published since the first cases of COVID-19, there remain unanswered questions regarding SARS-CoV-2 impact on testes and the potential consequences for reproductive health. We investigated testicular alterations in deceased COVID-19-patients, the precise location of the virus, its replicative activity, and the molecules involved in the pathogenesis. We found that SARS-CoV-2 testicular tropism is higher than previously thought and that reliable viral detection in the testis requires sensitive nanosensoring or RT-qPCR using a specific methodology. Macrophages and spermatogonial cells are the main SARS-CoV-2 lodging sites and where new virions form inside the Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Complex. Moreover, we showed infiltrative infected monocytes migrating into the testicular parenchyma. SARS-CoV-2 maintains its replicative and infective abilities long after the patient infection, suggesting that the testes may serve as a viral sanctuary. Further, infected testes show thickening of the tunica propria, germ cell apoptosis, Sertoli cell barrier loss, evident hemorrhage, angiogenesis, Leydig cell inhibition, inflammation, and fibrosis. Finally, our findings indicate that high angiotensin II levels and activation of mast cells and macrophages may be critical for testicular pathogenesis. Importantly, our data suggest that patients who become critically ill exhibit severe damages and may harbor the active virus in testes.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.05.22270327v1" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 infects, replicates, elevates angiotensin II and activates immune cells in human testes</a>
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<li><strong>Increased household transmission and immune escape of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant compared to the Delta variant: evidence from Norwegian contact tracing and vaccination data</strong> -
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We compared the secondary attack rate (SAR) of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variants in households using contact tracing data. Omicron SAR was higher (41%) than Delta (35%), likely due to immune evasion. Booster dose reduces risk of infection but has limited effect on preventing Omicron transmission.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.07.22270437v1" target="_blank">Increased household transmission and immune escape of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant compared to the Delta variant: evidence from Norwegian contact tracing and vaccination data</a>
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<li><strong>Acoustic Epidemiology in Pulmonary Tuberculosis & Covid19 leveraging Explainable AI/ML</strong> -
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Involuntary cough is a prominent symptom for many a Lung Ailments ranging from Infectious to non-Infectious diseases. Early research around human cough established that the spectral signatures do not vary between Involuntary and Voluntary coughs. The study aimed at evaluating voluntary human cough sounds recorded under a stringent clinical protocol. Country India ambitious goal to eliminate and eradicate TB by 2025 shall be facilitated by Machine Learning tools that address subjectivity in that the healthcare worker can now take the solution as a screening modality to the last mile as a part of outreach programs without having to rely on infrastructure & connectivity. In this paper we present the findings of Clinical Trials for Pulmonary TB registered at CTRI/2019/02/017672 conducted independently and included Covid19 results for trials conducted during the pandemic as a part of Bi-Directional screening modality. The reference standards used were CBNAAT (Cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test) & CXR (Chest X-Ray) for TB while for Covid19, RT-PCR was used as the reference standard. As a non-invasive and contactless screening modality, a sophisticated third party Microphone Array was used to record the cough under a stringent infection control protocol. Sensitivity achieved across the sites for TB ranged between 80% - 83% and Specificity was to the tune of 92% while using CBNAAT as a reference standard. CXR when used as a reference standard for TB achieved a sensitivity and specificity of 59% and 60% respectively. Covid19 achieved a sensitivity & specificity of 92% and 96% while using RT-PCR as the reference standard. The study was primarily focused on the Frequency domain that paved way for feature extraction and explainable Machine Learning Models operating upon lossless WAV files hypothesizing acoustic theory and demographic inputs. The solution titled TimBre can now be added to the healthcare workers arsenal in situations where a RT-PCR or CXR is not available and seamlessly conduct bi-directional screening with a single recording of cough and also offer insights into Non-Communicable diseases as a part of differential diagnosis.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.05.22269707v1" target="_blank">Acoustic Epidemiology in Pulmonary Tuberculosis &amp; Covid19 leveraging Explainable AI/ML</a>
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<li><strong>Circulating polyunsaturated fatty acids and COVID-19: a prospective cohort study and Mendelian randomization analysis</strong> -
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Background: Higher circulating polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially omega-3 ones, have been linked to a better prognosis in patients of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the effects and causality of pre- infection PUFA levels remain unclear. Objective: To investigate the observational and causal associations of circulating PUFAs with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. Design: We first performed a prospective cohort study in UK Biobank, with 20,626 controls who were tested negative and 4,101 COVID-19 patients, including 970 hospitalized ones. Plasma PUFAs at baseline were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance, including total PUFAs, omega-3 PUFAs, omega-6 PUFAs, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), linoleic acid (LA), and the omega-6/omega-3 ratio. Moreover, bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to examine the causal associations of eight individual PUFAs, measured in either plasma or red blood cells, with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity using summary statistics from existing genome-wide association studies. Results: In the observational association analysis, total PUFAs, omega-3 PUFAs, omega-6 PUFAs, DHA, and LA were associated with a lower risk of severe COVID-19. Omega-3 PUFAs and DHA were also associated with a lower risk of testing positive for COVID-19. The omega-6/omega-3 ratio was positively associated with risks of both susceptibility and severity. The forward MR analysis indicated that arachidonic acid (AA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA-n3) might be causally associated with a lower risk of severe COVID-19, with OR (95% CI) per one SD increase in the plasma level as 0.96 (0.94, 0.99) and 0.89 (0.81, 0.99), respectively. The reverse MR analysis did not support any causal effect of COVID-19 on PUFAs. Conclusions: Our observational analysis supported that higher circulating PUFAs, either omega-3 or omega-6, are protective against severe COVID-19, while omega-3 PUFAs, especially DHA, were also associated with reducing COVID-19 susceptibility. Our MR analysis further supported causal associations of AA and DPA-n3 with a lower risk of severe COVID-19.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.06.22270562v1" target="_blank">Circulating polyunsaturated fatty acids and COVID-19: a prospective cohort study and Mendelian randomization analysis</a>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effectiveness of Covid-19 Vaccines against the SARS-COV-2-Delta (B.1.617.2) in China-A Real World Study</strong> -
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Abstracts Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) delta (B.1.617.2) variant is highly transmissible and has contributed to a surge in cases globally. This study aimed to explore the potential of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 delta (B.1.617.2) variant in China. Methods: In this real-world study, all data were extracted from Xi9an Chest Hospital. Confirmed cases infected with Delta VOC with exact date of positive viral testing were included for analysis. Patients meeting the study criteria were divided into unvaccinated and partially vaccinated (one dose), full vaccinated (two doses), and booster vaccination of COVID-19. Results: A total of 455 cases were enrolled in this study. Proportion of severe and critical cases in full vaccinated cases (1.82%) and cases with booster vaccination (1.35%) of COVID-19 were much lower than that of unvaccinated and partially vaccinated cases (8.16%). In addition, cases with booster vaccination (12.78 days) and full vaccinated cases (12.59 days) showed shorter duration of viral shedding than that in unvaccinated and partially vaccinated cases (13.87 days). Conclusion: This is the first real world study indicating that Covid-19 vaccines showed much powerful effectiveness against the SARS-COV-2-Delta (B.1.617.2) in China, including lowing the proportion of severe illness and shorting the virus shedding time.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.07.22270490v1" target="_blank">Effectiveness of Covid-19 Vaccines against the SARS-COV-2-Delta (B.1.617.2) in China-A Real World Study</a>
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<li><strong>Spatio-temporal epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 virus lineages in Teesside, UK, in 2020: effects of social deprivation, weather and lockdown on lineage dynamics</strong> -
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Background SARS-CoV-2 emerged in the UK in January 2020 and spread rapidly in different communities. The UK Government introduced a series of measures including national 9lockdowns9 and regional 9tiers9 to control virus transmission. As the outbreak continued, new variants were detected through two national disease monitoring programmes. Longitudinal records of their emergence and spread provide information with which we investigate factors affecting disease spread and the effectiveness of interventions. Methods We analysed the spatio-temporal dynamics of positive tests for COVID-19 on Teesside, UK throughout 2020. We investigated putative risk factors for infection, specifically, socio-economic deprivation, weather, and government interventions (lockdown). We used a combination of disease mapping and mixed-effect modelling to investigate the dynamics of positive tests from two sampling strategies and the spread of particular variants of the virus as they emerged on Teesside. Results SARS-CoV-2 spread was related to the extent of social deprivation, lockdown interventions and weather conditions over the period of the study. Cases in the first wave appeared to be associated with the first lockdown, but interventions had less impact on the second wave. Conclusions There was spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the distribution of different lineages, with spread faster in some lineages than others and varying across the region. Positive tests within region appeared to be related to levels of socio-economic deprivation. The interventions appeared to have different effects in the two waves of disease, and were associated with reduced numbers of records in the first wave, but having no effect during the second.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.05.22269279v1" target="_blank">Spatio-temporal epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 virus lineages in Teesside, UK, in 2020: effects of social deprivation, weather and lockdown on lineage dynamics</a>
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<li><strong>Aging in an “infodemic”: The role of analytical reasoning, affect, and news consumption frequency on news veracity detection</strong> -
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Increasing misinformation spread poses a threat to older adults but there is little research on older adults within the fake news literature. Embedded in the Changes in Integration for Social Decisions in Aging (CISDA) model, this study examined the role of (i) analytical reasoning; (ii) affect; (iii) news consumption frequency, and their interplay with (iv) news content on news veracity detection in aging. Conducted during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, the current study asked participants to view and evaluate COVID or non-COVID (i.e., everyday) news articles, followed by measures of analytical reasoning, affect, and news consumption frequency. News veracity detection was comparable between young and older adults. Additionally, fake news detection for non-COVID news was predicted by individual differences in analytic reasoning for both age groups. However, chronological age effects in fake news detection emerged within the older adult sample and interacted with the CISDA-derived components of analytical reasoning, affect, and news consumption frequency by news content. Collectively, these findings suggest that age-related vulnerabilities to deceptive news are only apparent in very old age. Our findings advance understanding of psychological mechanisms in news veracity detection in aging.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/3kgq9/" target="_blank">Aging in an “infodemic”: The role of analytical reasoning, affect, and news consumption frequency on news veracity detection</a>
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<li><strong>Vaccine Protection Against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant in Macaques</strong> -
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Background: The rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant, including in highly vaccinated populations, has raised important questions about the efficacy of current vaccines. Immune correlates of vaccine protection against Omicron are not known. Methods: 30 cynomolgus macaques were immunized with homologous and heterologous prime-boost regimens with the mRNA-based BNT162b2 vaccine and the adenovirus vector-based Ad26.COV2.S vaccine. Following vaccination, animals were challenged with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant by the intranasal and intratracheal routes. Results: Omicron neutralizing antibodies were observed following the boost immunization and were higher in animals that received BNT162b2, whereas Omicron CD8+ T cell responses were higher in animals that received Ad26.COV2.S. Following Omicron challenge, sham controls showed more prolonged virus in nasal swabs than in bronchoalveolar lavage. Vaccinated macaques demonstrated rapid control of virus in bronchoalveolar lavage, and most vaccinated animals also controlled virus in nasal swabs, showing that current vaccines provide substantial protection against Omicron in this model. However, vaccinated animals that had moderate levels of Omicron neutralizing antibodies but negligible Omicron CD8+ T cell responses failed to control virus in the upper respiratory tract. Virologic control correlated with both antibody and T cell responses. Conclusions: BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S provided robust protection against high-dose challenge with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in macaques. Protection against this highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 variant correlated with both humoral and cellular immune responses.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.06.479285v1" target="_blank">Vaccine Protection Against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant in Macaques</a>
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<li><strong>A potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody recognizing a conserved epitope with broad mutant variant and SARS-CoV activity.</strong> -
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COVID-19 is the deadliest respiratory virus pandemic since 1918 and the latest of several coronavirus epidemics and pandemics in recent years. Despite the unprecedented response by both the government and private sectors to develop vaccines and therapies, the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants resistant to these interventions reveals a crucial need for therapeutics that maintain their efficacy against current and future mutant variants. Here we describe a SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody, ABP-310, with potent activity against all variants tested including the Omicron variant. ABP-310 also displays potent neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV, highlighting the conserved nature of the ABP-310 epitope. By targeting a conserved epitope, we believe that ABP-310 has therapeutic promise not only against the current SARS- CoV-2 variants but would be expected to maintain efficacy against future variants and possibly even novel coronaviruses.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.06.479332v1" target="_blank">A potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody recognizing a conserved epitope with broad mutant variant and SARS-CoV activity.</a>
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<li><strong>An mRNA vaccine candidate for the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant</strong> -
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The newly emerged Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) contains more than 30 mutations on the spike protein, 15 of which are located within the receptor binding domain (RBD). Consequently, Omicron is able to extensively escape existing neutralizing antibodies and may therefore compromise the efficacy of current vaccines based on the original strain, highlighting the importance and urgency of developing effective vaccines against Omicron. Here we report the rapid generation and evaluation of an mRNA vaccine candidate specific to Omicron. This mRNA vaccine encodes the RBD of Omicron (designated RBD-O) and is formulated with lipid nanoparticle. Two doses of the RBD-O mRNA vaccine efficiently induce neutralizing antibodies in mice; however, the antisera are effective only on the Omicron variant but not on the wildtype and Delta strains, indicating a narrow neutralization spectrum. It is noted that the neutralization profile of the RBD-O mRNA vaccine is opposite to that observed for the mRNA vaccine expressing the wildtype RBD (RBD-WT). Our work demonstrates the feasibility and potency of an RBD-based mRNA vaccine specific to Omicron, providing important information for further development of bivalent or multivalent SARS-CoV-2 vaccines with broad-spectrum efficacy.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.07.479348v1" target="_blank">An mRNA vaccine candidate for the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Mechanistic origin of different binding affinities of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 spike RBDs to human ACE2</strong> -
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The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mediates viral entry into host cells through binding to the cell-surface receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). It has been shown that SARS-CoV-2 RBD (RBDCoV2) has a higher binding affinity to human ACE2 than its highly homologous SARS-CoV RBD (RBDCoV), for which the mechanistic reasons still remain to be elucidated. Here, we used the multiple-replica molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) binding free energy calculations, and interface residue contact network (IRCN) analysis approach to explore the mechanistic origin of different ACE2 binding affinities of these two RBDs. The results demonstrate that, when compared to the RBDCoV2-ACE2 complex, the RBDCoV-ACE2 complex features the enhanced overall structural fluctuations and inter-protein positional movements and increased conformational entropy and diversity. The inter-protein electrostatic attractive interactions are a dominant force in determining the high ACE2 affinities of both RBDs, while the significantly strengthened electrostatic forces of attraction of ACE2 to RBDCoV2 determine the higher ACE2 binding affinity of RBDCoV2 than of RBDCoV. Comprehensive comparative analyses of the residue binding free energy components and IRCNs reveal that, although any RBD residue substitution involved in the charge change can significantly impact the inter-protein electrostatic interaction strength, it is the substitutions at the RBD interface that lead to the overall stronger electrostatic attractive force of RBDCoV2-ACE2, which in turn not only tightens the interface packing and suppresses the dynamics of RBDCoV2-ACE2, but also enhances the ACE2 binding affinity of RBDCoV2 compared to that of RBDCoV. Since the RBD residue substitutions involving gain/loss of the positively/negatively charged residues, in particular those near/at the binding interfaces with the potential to form hydrogen bonds and/or salt bridges with ACE2, can greatly enhance the ACE2 binding affinity, the SARS-CoV-2 variants carrying such mutations should be paid special attention to.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.05.479221v1" target="_blank">Mechanistic origin of different binding affinities of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 spike RBDs to human ACE2</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Biologically informed deep learning to infer gene program activity in single cells</strong> -
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The increasing availability of large-scale single-cell datasets has enabled the detailed description of cell states across multiple biological conditions and perturbations. In parallel, recent advances in unsupervised machine learning, particularly in transfer learning, have enabled fast and scalable mapping of these new single-cell datasets onto reference atlases. The resulting large-scale machine learning models however often have millions of parameters, rendering interpretation of the newly mapped datasets challenging. Here, we propose expiMap, a deep learning model that enables interpretable reference mapping using biologically understandable entities, such as curated sets of genes and gene programs. The key concept is the substitution of the uninterpretable nodes in an autoencoder’s bottleneck by labeled nodes mapping to interpretable lists of genes, such as gene ontologies, biological pathways, or curated gene sets, for which activities are learned as constraints during reconstruction. This is enabled by the incorporation of predefined gene programs into the reference model, and at the same time allowing the model to learn de novo new programs and refine existing programs durin reference mapping. We show that the model retains similar integration performance as existing methods while providing a biologically interpretable framework for understanding cellular behavior. We demonstrate the capabilities of expiMap by applying it to 15 datasets encompassing five different tissues and species. The interpretable nature of the mapping revealed unreported associations between interferon signaling via the RIG-I/MDA5 and GPCRs pathways, with differential behavior in CD8+ T cells and CD14+ monocytes in severe COVID-19, as well as the role of annexins in the cellular communications between lymphoid and myeloid compartments for explaining patient response to the applied drugs. Finally, expiMap enabled the direct comparison of a diverse set of pancreatic beta cells from multiple studies where we observed a strong, previously unreported correlation between the unfolded protein response and asparagine N-linked glycosylation. Altogether, expiMap enables the interpretable mapping of single cell transcriptome data sets across cohorts, disease states and other perturbations.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.05.479217v1" target="_blank">Biologically informed deep learning to infer gene program activity in single cells</a>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluation of Full Versus Fractional Doses of COVID-19 Vaccines Given as a Booster in Adults in Australia - Mongolia, Indonesia, Australia Coronavirus (MIACoV).</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: Tozinameran - Standard dose; Biological: Tozinameran - fractional dose; Biological: Elasomeran - standard dose; Biological: Elasomeran - fractional dose<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations; PATH; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Zofin to Treat COVID-19 Long Haulers</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Zofin; Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: <br/>
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Organicell Regenerative Medicine; Proxima Clinical Research, Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effect of Daily Oral Administration of Food Supplement NLC-V in Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Dietary Supplement: NLC-V<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: <br/>
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Todos Medical, Ltd.<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study Design of the Diacerein in Patients With Covid-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Diacerein; Drug: placebo capsules<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: University of Campinas, Brazil; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>HEART Rate Variability Biofeedback in LOng COVID-19 (HEARTLOC)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Behavioral: Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback (HRV-B)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: University of Leeds; University of Manchester; Leeds Comunity Healthcare NHS Trust<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of MVC-COV1901 or MVC-COV1901(Beta) Against COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19 Vaccine<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: MVC-COV1901(Beta); Biological: MVC- COV1901<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corp.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Exercise Fatigue Parameters and Endothelial Function in Pediatric Patients With a History of COVID-19 Infection or MIS-C</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; MIS-C Associated With COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: <br/>
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Device: Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET); Device: Peripheral Arterial Tonography (PAT) using the EndoPAT™ device; Diagnostic Test: Endothelin<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Rambam Health Care Campus; The Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of TF0023 in Treatments for COVID-19 in Hospitalized Adults</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19 Pneumonia<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Drug: TF0023<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: <br/>
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Techfields Inc<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Short Daily Versus Conventional Hemodialysis for COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Other: Short daily dialysis<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: <br/>
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Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Non-inferiority Trial on Monoclonal Antibodies in COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Bamlanivimab Etesevimab; Drug: Sotrovimab; Drug: Casirivimab-Imdevimab<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona; Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco; Azienda Sanitaria-Universitaria Integrata di Udine<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Availability and Advice on Test Uptake During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Vignette Study.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: Customised testing advice; Behavioral: Regular testing advice; Behavioral: LFT available; Behavioral: No LFT available<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: <br/>
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National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy and Safety of Ingavirin®, 90 mg Capsules in Patients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Ingavirin®, 90 mg capsules; Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Valenta Pharm JSC<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Phase IIa Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Study of Codivir in Hospitalized Patients With Moderate COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Covidir injections; Diagnostic Test: Quantitative PCR SARS-CoV-2; Diagnostic Test: IgM and IgG dosage; Diagnostic Test: Screening Blood tests; Diagnostic Test: Electrocardiogram; Other: NEWS-2 score; Other: WHO score; Other: Physical examination; Other: COVID-19-Related Symptoms assessment<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Code Pharma<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Exercise in Adults With Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Infection Study</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Other: Exercise Prescription<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: <br/>
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Baylor Research Institute<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Efficacy of COVIDEX™ Therapy in Management of Adult COVID-19 Patients in Uganda.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Drug: COVIDEX<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Makerere University; Mbarara University of Science and Technology<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cytokine Storm and Failed Resolution in COVID-19: Taking a Cue from Multiple Sclerosis</strong> - CONCLUSION: Given the fact that current treatment for COVID-19 is only supportive, global research is aimed at developing safe and effective therapeutic options that can result in a better clinical course in patients with comorbid conditions. Accordingly, taking a cue from our experiences in controlling robust inflammatory response in MS and diabetes by simultaneously inhibiting inflammatory process and stimulating its resolution, combinatorial therapy of metformin and SPM in COVID-19 holds…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Anticoronavirus Activity of Water-Soluble Pristine C<sub>60</sub> Fullerenes: In Vitro and In Silico Screenings</strong> - CONCLUSION: Pioneer in vitro study to identify the anticoronavirus activity of water-soluble pristine C(60) fullerenes indicates that they are highly promising for further preclinical studies, since a significant inhibition of the infectious activity of swine coronavirus of transmissible gastroenteritis in BHK-21 cell culture was found. According to molecular modeling results, it was shown that C(60) fullerene can create the stable complexes with 3CLpro and RdRp proteins of SARS-CoV-2…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Visible blue light inactivates SARS-CoV-2 variants and inhibits Delta replication in differentiated human airway epithelia</strong> - The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that evade host immune responses has prolonged the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the development of an efficacious, variant-agnostic therapeutic for the treatment of early SARS-CoV-2 infection would help reduce global health and economic burdens. Visible light therapy has the potential to fill these gaps. In this study, visible blue light centered around 425 nm efficiently inactivated SARS-CoV-2 variants in cell-free suspensions and in a translationally relevant…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pyrimidine inhibitors synergize with nucleoside analogues to block SARS-CoV-2</strong> - The SARS-CoV-2 virus has infected more than 261 million people and led to more than 5 million deaths in the last year and a half¹ (WHO.org). SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals typically develop mild to severe flu-like symptoms, while infection of a subset of individuals leads to severe to fatal clinical outcomes². While vaccines have been rapidly developed to combat SARS-CoV-2, there has been a dearth of antiviral therapeutics. There is an urgent need for therapeutics which has been amplified by…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Anti-histamines and Covid-19: Hype or Hope</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: Both H1 and H2 blockade are effective in the management of Covid-19 patients through antiviral and anti- inflammatory properties, which together reduce the risk of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Colchicine in the management of Covid-19: With or lieu of evidence</strong> - Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), leads to global calamitous effects. Covid-19 is caused by a novel coronavirus named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Covid-19 is associated with development of hyper- inflammation and/or cytokine storm that together with high viral load trigger tissue damage and multi-organ failures (MOF). Colchicine (CN) is a lipophilic tricyclic alkaloid used for treatment of gout since ancient time. In Covid-19 era, CN is repurposed for…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Vaccination of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma Donors Increases Binding and Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants</strong> - BACKGROUND: COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) was widely used as passive immunotherapy during the first waves of SARS- CoV-2 infection in the US. However, based on observational studies and randomized controlled trials, beneficial effects of CCP were limited, and its use was virtually discontinued early in 2021, in concurrence with increased vaccination rates and availability of monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics. Yet, as new variants of the SARS-CoV-2 spread, interest in CCP derived from…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Undetectable triglycerides related to the combined intake of ascorbic acid and tacrolimus</strong> - Management of triglyceride (TG) levels is essential in intensive care units (ICU), especially to manage the risk of pancreatitis induced by propofol. However, some therapeutics in ICU such as intravenous ascorbic acid protocol, especially used in the context of Covid-19 could lead to false decrease of triglycerides by analytical disruption of Trinder reaction. We report here the case of a sample with unmeasurable triglyceride levels partly due to high plasma ascorbic acid levels. However,…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>MERS-CoV nsp1 impairs the cellular metabolic processes by selectively downregulating mRNAs in a novel granules</strong> - MERS-CoV infection can damage the cellular metabolic processes, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Through screening, we found non-structural protein 1 (nsp1) of MERS-CoV could inhibit cell viability, cell cycle, and cell migration through its endonuclease activity. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that MERS-CoV nsp1 specifically downregulated the mRNAs of ribosomal protein genes, oxidative phosphorylation protein genes, and antigen presentation genes, but upregulated the mRNAs…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Emerging quinoline and quinolone based antibiotics in the light of epidemics</strong> - Pandemics are large-scale outbreaks of infectious disease that can greatly increase morbidity and mortality all the globe. Since past 1990 till twentieth century, these infectious diseases have been major threat all over the globe associated with poor hygiene and sanitation. In light of these epidemics, researches have gained enormous rise in the developing the potential therapeutic treatment. Thus revolutionized antibiotics have led to the near eradication of such ailments. Around 50 million…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Identification of fragments binding to SARS-CoV-2 nsp10 reveals ligand-binding sites in conserved interfaces between nsp10 and nsp14/nsp16</strong> - Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019, Covid-19 has developed into a serious threat to our health, social and economic systems. Although vaccines have been developed in a tour-de-force and are now increasingly available, repurposing of existing drugs has been less successful. There is a clear need to develop new drugs against SARS-CoV-2 that can also be used against future coronavirus infections. Non-structural protein 10 (nsp10) is a conserved stimulator of two enzymes crucial for viral…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The interplay between SARS-CoV-2 infected airway epithelium and immune cells modulates the immunoregulatory/inflammatory signals</strong> - To assess the cross talk between immune cells and respiratory tract during SARS-CoV-2 infection, we analysed the relationships between the inflammatory response induced by SARS-CoV-2 replication and immune cells phenotype in a reconstituted organotypic human airway epithelium (HAE). The results indicated that immune cells failed to inhibit SARS- CoV-2 replication in HAE model. In contrast, immune cells strongly affected the inflammatory profile induced by SARS- CoV-2 infection, dampening the…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Discovery of novel TMPRSS2 inhibitors for COVID-19 using in silico fragment-based drug design, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and quantum mechanics studies</strong> - The global expansion of COVID-19 and the mutations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus necessitate quick development of treatment and vaccination. Because the androgen-responsive serine protease TMPRSS2 is involved in cleaving the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein allowing the virus to enter the cell, therefore, direct TMPRSS2 inhibition will inhibit virus activation and disease progression which make it an important target for drug discovery. In this study, a homology model of TMPRSS2…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Engineered extracellular vesicles directed to the spike protein inhibit SARS-CoV-2</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-2) viral infection results in COVID-19 disease, which has caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. A vaccine is crucial to curtail the spread of SARS-CoV-2, while therapeutics will be required to treat ongoing and reemerging infections of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 disease. There are currently no commercially available effective anti-viral therapies for COVID-19 urging the development of novel modalities. Here, we describe a molecular therapy specifically targeted to…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiac Injury Associated With Myocardial SARS-CoV-2 Infection</strong> - Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread around the world. The development of cardiac injury is a common condition in patients with COVID-19, but the pathogenesis remains unclear. The RNA-Seq dataset (GSE150392) comparing expression profiling of mock human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) and SARS-CoV-2-infected hiPSC-CMs was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). We identified…</p></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>IDENTIFICATION AND ALARM SYSTEM FOR FACIAL CORONA MASK USING CNN BASED IMAGE PROCESSING</strong> - tThe covid-19 epidemic is the world’s largest wake-up call for people to pay attention to their own and society’s health. One thing to keep in mind is that there is a segment of the population that has been exposed to the covid-19 virus and has generated antibodies without developing any significant illnesses and is continuing to be healthy. This indicates that a significant section of the population, even excluding the elderly, lacks the necessary bodily immunity to combat a Viral infection. As terrible as covid-19 is on a global scale, developing personal health standards and preventative measures for any pathogenic virus as a community would have spared many lives. In’this work, a camera is combined with an image processing system to recognise facial masks, which may be improved in a variety of ways. First and foremost, this method is meant to identify masks on a single person’s face. While this method is efficient in identifying someone has a mask, it does not ensure that they will wear it all of the time. The most effective update for this task is to install a camera with a wide field of view so that many individuals can be seen in the frame, and the faces of those who aren’t wearing markings can be identified, as well as the number of people and the timing. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN346889253">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ANTIMICROBIAL SANITIZING FORMULATION</strong> - An antimicrobial sanitizing formulation, comprising, i) isopropyl alcohol in the range of 0.1%- 80% w/w, ii) an emollient in the range of 0.1%-15% w/w, iii) hydrogen peroxide in the range of 0.1 0.13% w/w, iv) citric acid in the range of 0.1% to 2.0% w/w, v) silver nitrate in the range of 0.1% to 0.5% w/w, and vi) a fragrance imparting agent in the range of 0.1% to 2.0% w/w. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN346888094">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A HEALTH BAND WITH A BIOMETRIC MODULE AND WORKING METHOD THEREOF</strong> - The present invention discloses a health band with a biometric module and method thereof. The assembly includes, but not limited to, a plurality of sensors configured to gather health data associated with a predefined symptom of a medical condition of a user; a memory unit configured to store the data and an interface, which is configured to determine the medical condition using the data;a processing unit configured to execute the application; and a notification facility configured to provide a notification upon receiving from the interface an instruction associated with the notification, wherein the notification is associated with a drug reminder and the like. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN346889061">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>RNA 검출 방법</strong> - 본 발명은 RNA의 분석 및 검출 방법에 관한 것이다. 특히, 본 발명은 특히, 본 발명은 짧은 염기서열의 RNA까지 분석이 가능하면서도 높은 민감도 및 정확도로 정량적 검출까지 가능하여 감염증, 암 등 여러 질환의 진단 용도로도 널리 활용될 수 있다. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=KR346026620">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>黄芩黄酮活性成分及其制剂在制备预防和/或治疗炎症风暴药物中的应用</strong> - 本发明公开了黄芩黄酮活性成分及其制剂在制备预防和/或治疗炎症风暴药物中的应用。所述黄芩黄酮活性成分选自下述至少一种：黄芩素、汉黄芩素和千层纸素A。炎症风暴是一种机体对外界刺激的过度免疫反应和炎症反应，以炎症细胞因子的快速大量释放为特征。炎症风暴可由许多感染或非感染性疾病引起，并与疾病的严重程度和多器官功能障碍综合征的发生密切相关。减少炎症风暴的发生有助于降低器官损伤和减缓疾病进程，尤其对危重症患者的治疗至关重要。本发明发现，黄芩素、汉黄芩素、千层纸素A均具有不同程度抑制小鼠细胞因子风暴的作用。黄芩素能改善炎症风暴引发的肺损伤和炎性细胞浸润。因此黄芩黄酮活性成分可用于制备防治炎症风暴的药物。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN349220813">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>一种预防和/或治疗炎症风暴的药物组合物及其制剂与应用</strong> - 本发明公开了一种预防和/或治疗炎症风暴的药物组合物、制剂及其应用。该药物组合物，由黄芩素、汉黄芩素和千层纸素A组成，其中，黄芩素、汉黄芩素、千层纸素A的质量比为0.25<sub>1.5：0.5</sub>7：1。本发明提供的自微乳包括下述组分：药物磷脂复合物、油相、乳化剂和助乳化剂；其中，所述药物磷脂复合物由上述药物组合物和磷脂材料复合而成。本发明的实验结果表明在LPS诱导的系统性炎症风暴小鼠模型中，黄芩素、汉黄芩素和千层纸素A的组合物及其自微乳制剂均具有不同程度抑制小鼠细胞因子风暴的作用。本发明为炎症风暴的临床治疗提供了一种安全、有效、经济的解决方案。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN349220821">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>用于核酸检测的微流控芯片及检测方法</strong> - 本发明提供一种用于核酸检测的微流控芯片及检测方法。所述微流控芯片包括依次叠放在一起并相互密封的三层结构，由上至下分别为气道层、中间层和流道层；所述气道层包含两个独立的气道，所述中间层为弹性薄膜，用于控制流道层上微阀的开启和关闭，所述流道层包含四个进样口，两个出样口，四个微阀，一个LAMP反应室、一个CRISPR反应室以及若干条流道，所述微阀通过弹性薄膜与气道层的气道相连，并通过气道层气压的改变来实现微阀的开关，实现不同进样口的顺序进样。本发明将微流控与LAMP扩增技术以及CRISPR检测技术相结合，在单个芯片上实现高灵敏，高特异性的检测病毒核酸。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN349220678">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>REUNION OF PHOTOTHERMAL THERAPY WITH MXENE ADSORBED UREMIC TOXINS AND CYTOKINES: A SHILED FOR COVID-19 PATENTS</strong> - The COVID-19 pandemic has created havoc throughout the world. The disease has proved to be more fatalfor patients having comorbidities like diabetics, lungs and kidney infections, etc. In the case of COVID-19 patientsI having kidney injury, the. removal of uremic toxins from the blood is hindered and there is a rapid surge in the levelj of cytokine hormone resulting in the death of the patient in a short interval of time. To resolve this issue,iI; researchers have examined that the immediate removal of these toxins can improve the condition of the patient to a |greater extent. Studies have also found the presence of SARS CoV-2 viral RNAs in the blood of COVID-19patients, which risks their life as well as impacts the blood transfusion process, especially in the case ofasymptomatic patients. Hence it is required to control the surge of cytokines and uremic toxins as well as disinfectthe blood of the patient from the virus. MXenes, having a foam-like porous structure and hydrophilic negativesurface functionalization have greater adsorption efficiency as well as superior photothermal activity. Utilizingthese properties of MXenes, the MXene membranes can be used in the dialyzer that can help in the efficient andBiuick removal of the uremic toxins, cytokines, and other impurities from the blood. Along with this the greaterTJAdsorption efficiency of MXenes to amino acids result in the trapping of the SARS CoV-2 viruses on the surface J)3>f the MXene. Many researchers as well as the WHO have proved the efficient reduction of the viral copy numbersjjvith the increase of temperature. Hence, followed by the trapping of the viruses, the implementation of"Zphotothermal Therapy can result in the inactivation and denaturation of the viruses and their respective viral RNAsBJlby the produced heat. The same process can be repeated several times to get better results. This whole process canr>oQ-esult in impurity-free and infection-free blood, that can be returned back to the body of the patient or can be!— I Sitilized for the blood transfusion process without any risk of infection.IM - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN346889224">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>基于引物设计和铜纳米簇的SARS-CoV-2德尔塔变异株检测方法</strong> - 本发明公开了一种基于引物设计和铜纳米簇的SARS‑CoV‑2德尔塔变异株检测方法。该方法结合DPO引物和AT引物成功区分了单碱基缺失的SARS‑CoV‑2德尔塔变异株和SARS‑CoV‑2野生菌株。并且DPO引物和AT引物的PCR产物可以作为CuNCs的生成模板，在紫外照射下实现SARS‑CoV‑2德尔塔变异株的可视化检测。本申请利用常规实验条件，借助PCR仪将DPO引物和AT引物结合扩增，使其SARS‑CoV‑2德尔塔变异株检测具有特异性、高灵敏、可视化的优势。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN348141584">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>REDUCING AND STOPPING OXYGEN WASTAGE IN HOSPITAL</strong> - In an aspect, the present invention discloses a system (200) for prevention and reduction of oxygen wastage from oxygen mask (202). The system (200) includes the oxygen mask (202) having straps; a tension sensor (204), the tension sensor being sensitive towards tension produced in the straps as the oxygen gets leakage through sides of the mask (202); a processor configured in alignment with the tension sensor (204); and a buzzer (206) in alignment with processor. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN346042219">link</a></p></li>
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