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196 lines
50 KiB
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<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes" name="viewport"/>
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<title>23 May, 2022</title>
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<title>Covid-19 Sentry</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
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<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
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<li><strong>High national acceptance for COVID-19 contact tracing technologies in Taiwan</strong> -
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Taiwan has been a world leader in controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recently, the Taiwan Government launched its COVID-19 tracing App the `Taiwan Social Distancing App’, however the effectiveness of this tracing App depends on its acceptance and uptake among the general population. We measured acceptance for three hypothetical tracing technologies (telecommunication network tracing, a government App, and the Apple and Google Bluetooth exposure notification system) in four nationally representative Taiwanese samples. Using Bayesian methods, we find high acceptance for all three tracking technologies, with acceptance increasing with the inclusion of additional privacy measures. Modelling revealed acceptance increased with the perceived technology benefits, trust in the providers’ intent, data security and privacy measures, the level of ongoing control, and one’s level of education. Acceptance decreased with data sensitivity perceptions, and perceived low policy compliance by others in the general public. We consider the policy implications of these results for Taiwan during the COVID-19 pandemic and into the future.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/jg8rs/" target="_blank">High national acceptance for COVID-19 contact tracing technologies in Taiwan</a>
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<li><strong>Papers please: Predictive factors for the uptake of national and international COVID-19 immunity and vaccination passports</strong> -
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In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, countries are introducing digital passports that allow citizens to return to normal activities if they were previously infected with (immunity passport) or vaccinated against (vaccination passport) SARS-CoV-2. To be effective, policy decision makers must know whether immunity and vaccination passports will be widely accepted by the public, and under what conditions? We collected representative samples across six countries – Australia, Japan, Taiwan, Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom – during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic to assess attitudes towards the introduction of immunity passports. Immunity passport support was moderate-to-low, ranging from 51% in the UK and Germany, down to 22% in Japan. Bayesian generalized linear mixed effects modelling controlling for each country showed neoliberal world views, personal concern and perceived virus severity, the fairness of immunity passports, and willingness to become infected to gain an immunity passport, were all predictive factors of immunity passport support. By contrast, gender (woman), immunity passport concern, and risk of harm to society predicted a decrease in support for immunity passports. Minor differences in predictive factors were found between countries. These findings will help policy makers introduce effective immunity passport policies in these six countries and around the world.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/fxemq/" target="_blank">Papers please: Predictive factors for the uptake of national and international COVID-19 immunity and vaccination passports</a>
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<li><strong>Assessing the knowledge and practices of primary healthcare workers on malaria diagnosis and related challenges in view of COVID-19 outbreak in a Nigerian Southwestern Metropolis</strong> -
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Background : The clinical features of COVID-19 and malaria are interrelated. Due to the similarity of symptoms between the two disease states, patients can be incorrectly diagnosed with the other ailment in areas with limited health resources. There is a dearth of knowledge of co-infection between COVID-19 and malaria from healthcare providers’ perspective. Hence, this study assessed the ability of primary healthcare workers to diagnose malaria infection correctly from COVID-19 infection. Methods : A multistage sampling technique was used to select health care workers who were directly involved in malaria case management at 261 government-owned primary health facilities in Oyo State. Socio- demographic characteristics of respondents, knowledge & practices, COVID-19 differential diagnosis and challenges that healthcare workers face regarding malaria diagnosis were obtained using a standardized electronic structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate analysis were conducted on data collected and significant results were interpreted at a 5% level of significance. Results : A good percentage of the respondents (81.6%, 74.3%) had good knowledge about malaria and COVID-19 infection. However, the knowledge gained did not translate to practice, as majority (86.2%) of respondents had poor malaria diagnosis practices. Practices relating to COVID-19 differential diagnosis in 69.7% of respondents were also poor. Most of the respondents attributed poor practices to the unavailability of Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test (mRDT), inadequate training and continuous capacity improvement. Only 12.3% of the respondents had any form of training on malaria diagnosis and treatment in the last five years. Conclusion: Harmonization of regular trainings and continuous on-the job capacity building is essential to improve case identification, diagnosis and management of both ailments. Also, uninterrupted supplies of essential commodities such as mRDT in laboratories will reduce missed opportunities for malaria diagnosis .
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.20.22275356v1" target="_blank">Assessing the knowledge and practices of primary healthcare workers on malaria diagnosis and related challenges in view of COVID-19 outbreak in a Nigerian Southwestern Metropolis</a>
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<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern (VOC) Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron coincident with consecutive pandemic waves in Pakistan</strong> -
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Identification and monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern/Interest (VOC/VOIs) is essential to guide public health measures. We report the surveillance of VOCs circulating in Karachi during the pandemic between April 2021 and February 2022. We screened 2150 SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive samples received at the AKUH Clinical Laboratories. VOC was identified using a PCR-based approach targeting lineage-specific mutations using commercially available assays. Of the SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive samples, 81.7% had VOC/VOI, while 18.3% were undetermined. Alpha variants were predominant at 82.5% and 40.3% of the cases in April and May 2021. Beta variants increased in May (29%) and June (42%) and then reduced to 6% by July. Gamma variant cases were at 14.5% and 9% in May and June, respectively. Delta variants first detected in May, increased to comprise 66% of all variants by July, remaining dominant in August, September, October, and November 2021 at 88%, 91%, 91% and 85% respectively. Omicron (BA.1) variants emerged in December, rising to 42% of cases with an increase to 81% by January 2022 and then reducing to 45% in February 2022. Delta variant prevalence was coincident with increased hospital admissions and mortality. The Omicron variant surge was associated with increased daily infections but limited COVID-19 severity. We highlight the predominance of the VOCs identified through a rapid PCR based approach. As this is important to inform a public health response, we propose that a mutation targeted approach can be a rapid, lower cost solution to aid tracking of known VOCs during pandemic waves.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.19.22275149v1" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern (VOC) Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron coincident with consecutive pandemic waves in Pakistan</a>
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<li><strong>Understanding Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection through Data-Driven Analysis with the Longitudinal Electronic Health Records: Findings from the RECOVER Initiative</strong> -
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Recent studies have investigated post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) using real-world patient data such as electronic health records (EHR). Prior studies have typically been conducted on patient cohorts with small sample sizes1 or specific patient populations2,3 limiting generalizability. This study aims to characterize PASC using the EHR data warehouses from two large national patient-centered clinical research networks (PCORnet), INSIGHT and OneFlorida+, which include 11 million patients in New York City (NYC) and 16.8 million patients in Florida respectively. With a high-throughput causal inference pipeline using high-dimensional inverse propensity score adjustment, we identified a broad list of diagnoses and medications with significantly higher incidence 30-180 days after the laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to non-infected patients. We found more PASC diagnoses and a higher risk of PASC in NYC than in Florida, which highlights the heterogeneity of PASC in different populations.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.21.22275420v1" target="_blank">Understanding Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection through Data-Driven Analysis with the Longitudinal Electronic Health Records: Findings from the RECOVER Initiative</a>
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<li><strong>Emergence of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa Hypermutator Strain During the Course of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia</strong> -
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Hypermutator lineages of Pseudomonas aeruginosa arise frequently during the years of lung infection seen in patients with cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis but are rare in the absence of structural lung disease. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, large numbers of patients have remained mechanically ventilated for extended periods of time. These patients are prone to acquire bacterial pathogens that persist for many weeks and have the opportunity to evolve within the pulmonary environment. However, little is known about what types of adaptations occur in these bacteria and whether these adaptations mimic those described in chronic infections. We describe a COVID-19 patient with a secondary Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in which the causative bacterium persisted for >90 days. During the course of this infection, a hypermutator lineage of P. aeruginosa emerged and co-existed with a non-hypermutator lineage. Compared to the parental lineage, the hypermutator lineage evolved to be more extensively resistant to antibiotics, to change its type III secretion profile, and to grow more slowly. Genomic analyses of the hypermutator lineage identified numerous mutations, including in the mismatch repair gene mutL and other genes frequently mutated in individuals with cystic fibrosis. Together, these findings demonstrate that hypermutator phenotypes can emerge when clearance of P. aeruginosa fails to occur in typically acute infections such as ventilator-associated pneumonia and suggest that hypermutator lineages can affect patient treatments and outcomes.
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<div class="article-link article-html- link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.19.22275029v1" target="_blank">Emergence of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa Hypermutator Strain During the Course of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia</a>
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<li><strong>Antibody levels following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2: associations with post-vaccination infection and risk factors</strong> -
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SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels can be used to assess humoral immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination, and may predict risk of future infection. From cross-sectional antibody testing of 9,361 individuals from TwinsUK and ALSPAC UK population-based longitudinal studies (jointly in April-May 2021, and TwinsUK only in November 2021-January 2022), we tested associations between antibody levels following vaccination and: (1) SARS-CoV-2 infection following vaccination(s); (2) health, socio-demographic, SARS-CoV-2 infection and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination variables. Within TwinsUK, single-vaccinated individuals with the lowest 20% of anti-Spike antibody levels at initial testing had 3-fold greater odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection over the next six to nine months, compared to the top 20%. In TwinsUK and ALSPAC, individuals identified as at increased risk of COVID-19 complication through the UK “Shielded Patient List” had consistently greater odds (2 to 4-fold) of having antibody levels in the lowest 10%. Third vaccination increased absolute antibody levels for almost all individuals, and reduced relative disparities compared with earlier vaccinations. These findings quantify the association between antibody level and risk of subsequent infection, and support a policy of triple vaccination for the generation of protective antibodies.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.19.22275214v1" target="_blank">Antibody levels following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2: associations with post-vaccination infection and risk factors</a>
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<li><strong>Association of results of four lateral flow antibody tests with subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> -
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Background: SARS-CoV-2 vaccine coverage remains incomplete, being only 15% in low income countries. Rapid point of care tests predicting SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility in the unvaccinated might assist in risk management and vaccine prioritisation. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study in 2,826 participants working in hospitals and Fire and Police services in England, UK, during the pandemic (ISRCTN5660922). Plasma taken at recruitment in June 2020 was tested using four lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) devices and two laboratory immunoassays detecting antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 (UK Rapid Test Consortium9s AbC-19TM Rapid Test, OrientGene COVID IgG/IgM Rapid Test Cassette, SureScreen COVID-19 Rapid Test Cassette, and Biomerica COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test; Roche N and EUROIMMUN S laboratory assays). We monitored participants for microbiologically-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection for 200 days. We estimated associations between test results at baseline and subsequent infection, using Poisson regression models adjusted for baseline demographic risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Findings: Positive IgG results on each of the four LFIAs were associated with lower rates of subsequent infection: adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) 0.00 (95% confidence interval 0.00-0.01), 0.03 (0.02-0.05), 0.07 (0.05-0.10), and 0.09 (0.07-0.12) respectively. The protective association was strongest for AbC-19 and SureScreen. The aIRR for the laboratory Roche N antibody assay at the manufacturer- recommended threshold was similar to those of the two best performing LFIAs at 0.03 (0.01-0.10). Interpretation: Lateral flow devices measuring SARS-CoV-2 IgG predicted disease risk in unvaccinated individuals over 200 day follow-up. The association of some LFIAs with subsequent infection was similar to laboratory immunoassays.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.19.22275126v1" target="_blank">Association of results of four lateral flow antibody tests with subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection</a>
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<li><strong>COMPARISON OF THE GROWTH OF ROA AND ROE RATIOS IN THE FIRST THREE ISLAMIC BANKS IN INDONESIA DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC</strong> -
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Bank Muamalat Indonesia, Bank Syariah Mandiri and Bank Mega Syariah are the first three Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia, sequentally. In carrying out banking activities until 2022, we are curious how the three banks have survived and even survived various disasters. One of these disasters is the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to compare the profitability ratios using ROA and ROE of Bank Muamalat Indonesia, Bank Syariah Mandiri, and Bank Mega Syariah in 2018-2020. These figures are compared using statistical analysis and visualized using graphs. When determining whether the ROA and ROE ratios of the three banks are satisfactory or not, we also take into account industry-standard profitability ratios that were derived from earlier research. The conclusions are: 1) The value of ROA and ROE vary from year to year. During the COVID-19 pandemic, from the three banks, Bank Mega Syariah had the greatest ROA at 1.74% and Bank Syariah Mandiri got the highest ROE at 15.03%. 2) The percentage of growth in ROA and ROE fluctuates from year to year. During the COVID-19 pandemic, from the three banks, only Bank Mega Syariah saw a gain in ROA and ROE of 95.51% and 128.57%, respectively. 3) In ROA Grade, no bank shows “Above” grade because all of the ROA value of each bank are < 5,98%. In ROE Grade, Bank Syariah Mandiri earned an “Above” grade for three consecutive years. Bank Mega Syariah got “Above” grade in ROE only in 2020. Meanwhile, Bank Muamalat Indonesia got “below” grade from 2018-2020.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/z9u8k/" target="_blank">COMPARISON OF THE GROWTH OF ROA AND ROE RATIOS IN THE FIRST THREE ISLAMIC BANKS IN INDONESIA DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC</a>
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<li><strong>INHIBITING FACTORS OF THE MILLENNIAL GENERATION IN THE PROCESS OF PANCASILA CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT DURING ONLINE LEARNING</strong> -
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The background is a determining factor for the millennial generation in running their nation coupled with good character education. During the Covid-19 pandemic, changes in government regulations were made, namely the implementation of online learning at home that must be carried out by students. After almost a year and a half of online learning activities, students will adapt to Face-to-face Learning (PTM). The purpose of writing the article is to find out the inhibiting factors for the millennial generation during online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic, both from normal and abnormal students. The method used is a literature review. The literature review method uses data collection techniques both from Google Scholar and from Mendeley based on the latest research from 2019 to 2021. This research focuses on the millennial generation keywords, characters, and online learning. The results obtained from the ten articles meet the criteria that include reviews of previous researchers. That the obstacles felt by the millennial generation greatly affect their negative self-character. The conclusion is that the millennial generation has obstacle factors that they often experience, namely not having a smartphone, limited internet quota, unstable internet network, inadequate technology, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, minimal understanding of IT, lack of interest in learning, unsupportive family environment, and lack of parental assistance. Until a solution is needed from both the government and other parties.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/ea697/" target="_blank">INHIBITING FACTORS OF THE MILLENNIAL GENERATION IN THE PROCESS OF PANCASILA CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT DURING ONLINE LEARNING</a>
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<li><strong>Shared genetic etiology and causality between COVID-19 and venous thromboembolism: evidence from genome-wide cross trait analysis and bi-directional Mendelian randomization study</strong> -
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Venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurs in up to one third patients with COVID-19. VTE and COVID-19 may share a common genetic architecture in etiology, which has not been comprehensively investigated. In this study, we leveraged summary-level data from the latest COVID‐19 host genetics consortium and UK Biobank to study the genetic commonality between COVID-19 traits and VTE. We found a positive genetic correlation between COVID-19 hospitalization and VTE (rg = 0.2320, P-value= 0.0092). The cross-trait analysis identified shared genetic loci between VTE and COVID-19 traits, including 8 for severe COVID-19, 11 for COVID-19 hospitalization, and 7 for SARS-CoV-2 infection. We identified seven novel mapped genes (LINC00970, TSPAN15, ADAMTS13, F5, DNAJB4, SLC39A8 and OBSCN) that were enriched for expression in the lung tissue, and in coagulation and immune related pathways. Eight genetic loci were found to share causal variants between COVID-19 and VTE, which are localized in the ABO, ADAMTS13 and FUT2 gene regions. Bi-directional Mendelian randomization analysis did not suggest a causal relationship between VTE and COVID-19 traits. Our study advances the understanding of shared genetic etiology of COVID-19 and VTE at the molecular and functional levels.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.21.22275413v1" target="_blank">Shared genetic etiology and causality between COVID-19 and venous thromboembolism: evidence from genome-wide cross trait analysis and bi-directional Mendelian randomization study</a>
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<li><strong>The negative impact of COVID-19 on working memory revealed using a rapid online quiz</strong> -
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Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects the respiratory system, it can also have neurological consequences leading to cognitive deficits such as memory problems. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 on working memory function. We developed and implemented an online anonymous survey with a working memory quiz incorporating aspects of gamification to engage participants. 5428 participants successfully completed the survey and memory quiz between 8 th December 2020 and 5 th July 2021 (68.6% non-COVID-19 and 31.4% COVID-19). Most participants (93.3%) completed the survey and memory quiz relatively rapidly (mean time of 8.84 minutes). Categorical regression was used to assess the contribution of COVID status, age, time post-COVID (number of months elapsed since having had COVID), symptoms, ongoing symptoms and gender, followed by non-parametric statistics. A principal component analysis explored the relationship between subjective ratings and objective memory scores. The objective memory scores were significantly correlated with participants’ own assessment of their cognitive function. The factors significantly affecting memory scores were COVID status, age, time post-COVID and ongoing symptoms. Our main finding was a significant reduction in memory scores in all COVID groups (self-reported, positive-tested and hospitalised) compared to the non-COVID group. Memory scores for all COVID groups combined were significantly reduced compared to the non-COVID group in every age category 25 years and over, but not for the youngest age category (18-24 years old). We found that memory scores gradually increased over a period of 17 months post-COVID-19. However, those with ongoing COVID-19 symptoms continued to show a reduction in memory scores. Our findings demonstrate that COVID-19 negatively impacts working memory function, but only in adults aged 25 years and over. Moreover, our results suggest that working memory deficits with COVID-19 can recover over time, although impairments may persist in those with ongoing symptoms.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.20.22275380v1" target="_blank">The negative impact of COVID-19 on working memory revealed using a rapid online quiz</a>
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<li><strong>Serial infection with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 following three-dose COVID-19 vaccination</strong> -
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SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infections are common among individuals who are vaccinated or have recovered from prior variant infection, but few reports have documented serial Omicron infections. We characterized SARS-CoV-2 humoral responses in a healthy young person who acquired laboratory-confirmed Omicron BA.1.15 ten weeks after a third dose of BNT162b2, and BA.2 thirteen weeks later. Responses were compared to those of 124 COVID-19 naive vaccinees. One month after the second and third vaccine doses, the participant9s wild-type and BA.1-specific IgG, ACE2 competition and virus neutralization activities were average for a COVID-19 naive triple-vaccinated individual. BA.1 infection boosted the participant9s responses to the cohort >95th percentile, but even this strong “hybrid” immunity failed to protect against BA.2. Moreover, reinfection increased BA.1 and BA.2-specific responses only modestly. Results illustrate the risk of Omicron infection in fully vaccinated individuals and highlight the importance of personal and public health measures as vaccine-induced immune responses wane.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.19.22275026v1" target="_blank">Serial infection with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 following three-dose COVID-19 vaccination</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Bias-adjusted predictions of county-level vaccination coverage from the COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey</strong> -
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The potential for bias in non-representative, large-scale, low-cost survey data can limit their utility for population health measurement and public health decision-making. We developed a multi-step regression framework to bias- adjust vaccination coverage predictions from the large-scale US COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey that included post- stratification to the American Community Survey and secondary normalization to an unbiased reference indicator. As a case study, we applied this framework to generate county-level predictions of long-run vaccination coverage among children ages 5 to 11 years. Our vaccination coverage predictions suggest a low ceiling on long-term national coverage (46%), detect substantial geographic heterogeneity (ranging from 11% to 91% across counties in the US), and highlight widespread disparities in the pace of scale-up in the three months following Emergency Use Authorization of COVID-19 vaccination for 5 to 11 year-olds. Generally, our analysis demonstrates an approach to leverage differing strengths of multiple sources of information to produce estimates on the time-scale and geographic-scale necessary for proactive decision-making. The utility of large-scale, low-cost survey data for improving population health measurement is amplified when these data are combined with other representative sources of data.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.18.22275217v1" target="_blank">Bias-adjusted predictions of county-level vaccination coverage from the COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey</a>
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<li><strong>Early experience with modified dose nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in dialysis patients with coronavirus disease-2019</strong> -
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Introduction: Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir was approved for use in high risk outpatients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, patients with severe chronic kidney disease, including patients on dialysis, were excluded from the phase 3 trial, and currently the drug is not recommended below a glomerular filtration rate of 30 ml/min/1.73m2 . Based on available pharmacological data and principles, we developed a modified dose which was lower, and administered at longer intervals.We administered nirmatrelvir/ritonavir as 300/100 mg on day one, followed by 150/100 mg daily from day two to day five. In this case series, we report the initial experience with this modified dose regimen. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review, conducted after obtaining institutional board approval. Demographic and outcome data was abstracted from the electronic medical record for dialysis patients who developed COVID-19 during the period of study and received nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. The principal outcomes we describe are symptom resolution, and safety data with the modified dose regimen in the dialysis patients. Results: 19 patients developed COVID-19 during the period of study of whom 15 received nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. 47% of them were female and 67% had diabetes. Most patients had received three doses of the vaccine (80%) while 13% were unvaccinated. Potential drug interactions concerns were common (median 2 drugs per patient) with amlodipine and atorvastatin being the commonest drugs requiring dose modification. Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir use was associated with symptom resolution in all patients, and was well tolerated. One patient had a rebound of symptoms, which improved in 2 more days. There were no COVID-19 related hospitalizations or deaths in any of the patients. Conclusion: In this case series of 15 hemodialysis patients with COVID-19, a modified dose of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir use, with pharmacist support for drug interaction management, was associated with symptom resolution, and was well tolerated with no serious adverse effects.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.18.22275234v1" target="_blank">Early experience with modified dose nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in dialysis patients with coronavirus disease-2019</a>
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</div></li>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Role of Glutathione Deficiency and MSIDS Variables in Long COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Dietary Supplement: NAC (N-acetyl cysteine) , Alpha lipoic acid (ALA), liposomal glutathione (GSH)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: University of California, Irvine; Hudson Valley Healing Arts Center<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of IN STI-9199 in Treating Symptomatic COVID-19 in Outpatient Adults and Adolescents</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: STI-9199; Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: <br/>
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Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of Omicron COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero Cell), Inactivated in Population 18 Years Old of Age and Above</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Biological: Omicron COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero Cell), Inactivated<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: China National Biotec Group Company Limited; Beijing Institute of Biological Products Co Ltd.; Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study on Sequential Immunization of Omicron Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine and Prototype Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine in Population Aged 18 Years Old and Above</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: Omicron COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero Cell), Inactivated; Biological: COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero Cell), Inactivated<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: <br/>
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China National Biotec Group Company Limited; Beijing Institute of Biological Products Co Ltd.; Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Neuro-inflammation and Post-infectious Fatigue in Individuals With and Without COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Radiation: [18F]DPA-714 positron emission tomography (PET) scan<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc; ZonMw: The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development<br/><b>Enrolling by invitation</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Phase II Safety Single-arm Study of CDK4/6 Inhibition With Palbociclib in Hospitalized, Moderate COVID-19 Cases to Prevent Thromboinflammation</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Drug: Palbociclib<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: biotx.ai GmbH<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Phase I Clinical Trial of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in Adults Aged 18 Years and Older</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: COVID-19 mRNA vaccine; Biological: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: CanSino Biologics Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Phase II Clinical Trial of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in Adults Aged 18 Years and Older</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: COVID-19 mRNA vaccine; Biological: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: CanSino Biologics Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>THEMBA II T-Cell Vaccine: Vaccination With saRNA COVID-19 Vaccines</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: AAHI-SC2 Vaccine; Biological: AAHI- SC3 Vaccine; Biological: EUA or approved vaccine<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: ImmunityBio, Inc.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>To Evaluate SSD8432/Ritonavir in Adults With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: SSD8432 dose; Drug: SSD8432 placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of DXP604 in Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Biological: DXP604<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: <br/>
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Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluation of SSD8432 and Ritonavir in Adult Subjects With COVID-19 Placebo-Controlled, Phase II Clinical Study</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: SSD8432 dose1; Drug: SSD8432 dose2; Drug: SSD8432Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sequential Immunization of Two Doses of Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine (Omicron) in Vaccinated Population Aged 18 Years and Above</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: BIBP Omicron Inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (Vero Cell); Biological: WIBP Omicron Inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (Vero Cell); Biological: COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero Cell), Inactivated<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: China National Biotec Group Company Limited; Beijing Institute of Biological Products Co Ltd.; Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd; The University of Hong Kong<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immunogenicity and Safety of Booster Immunization of COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero Cell), Inactivated (Omicron Variant) in Healthy People Aged 18 Years and Above</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero cell), Inactivated (Omicron variant); Biological: COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero cell), Inactivated (CZ strain)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: <br/>
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Sinovac Research and Development Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>To Evaluate SSD8432/ Ritonavir in Adults With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19 Patients<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: SSD8432 dose 1/Ritonavir; Drug: SSD8432 dose 2/Ritonavir<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
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<ul>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Discovery and Use of Long dsRNA Mediated RNA Interference to Stimulate Antiviral Protection in Interferon Competent Mammalian Cells</strong> - In invertebrate cells, RNA interference (RNAi) acts as a powerful immune defense that stimulates viral gene knockdown thereby preventing infection. With this pathway, virally produced long dsRNA (dsRNA) is cleaved into short interfering RNA (siRNA) by Dicer and loaded into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) which can then destroy/disrupt complementary viral mRNA sequences. Comparatively, in mammalian cells it is believed that the type I interferon (IFN) pathway is the cornerstone of the…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Potential Drug Discovery for COVID-19 Treatment Targeting Cathepsin L Using a Deep Learning-Based Strategy</strong> - Cathepsin L (CTSL), a cysteine protease that can cleave and activate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein, could be a promising therapeutic target for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, there is still no clinically available CTSL inhibitor that can be used. Here, we applied Chemprop, a newly trained directed-message passing deep neural network approach, to identify small molecules and FDA-approved drugs that can block CTSL activity to expand…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Targeted delivery of inhalable drug particles in a patient-specific tracheobronchial tree with moderate COVID-19: A numerical study</strong> - The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to severe social and economic disruption worldwide. Although currently no consent has been reached on a specific therapy that can treat COVID-19 effectively, several inhalation therapy strategies have been proposed to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection. These strategies include inhalations of antiviral drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, and vaccines. To investigate how to enhance the therapeutic effect by increasing the delivery efficiency (DE) of…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Fibrin clot characteristics and anticoagulant response in a SARS-CoV-2-infected endothelial model</strong> - Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have increased thrombosis risk. With increasing age, there is an increase in COVID-19 severity. Additionally, adults with a history of vasculopathy have the highest thrombotic risk in COVID-19. The mechanisms of these clinical differences in risk remain unclear. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were infected with SARS-CoV-2, influenza A/Singapore/6/86 (H1N1) or mock-infected prior to incubation with plasma from healthy children, healthy…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 and host entry factors distribution in a COVID-19 autopsy series</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: This study portrays the impact of dispersed SARS-CoV-2 infection in diverse organ systems, thereby facilitating avenues for systematic therapeutic approaches.</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Repurposing of Doxycycline to Hinder the Viral Replication of SARS-CoV-2: From <em>in silico</em> to <em>in vitro</em> Validation</strong> - Since the rapid spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) became a global pandemic, healthcare ministries around the world have recommended specific control methods such as quarantining infected peoples, identifying infections, wearing mask, and practicing hand hygiene. Since no effective treatment for COVID-19 has yet been discovered, a variety of drugs approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have been suggested for repurposing strategy. In the current study, we predicted that doxycycline…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and immunogenicity of Nanocovax, a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein vaccine: Interim results of a double- blind, randomised controlled phase 1 and 2 trial</strong> - BACKGROUND: Nanocovax is a recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 subunit vaccine composed of full- length prefusion stabilized recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins (S-2P) and aluminium hydroxide adjuvant.</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Unraveling T Cell Responses for Long Term Protection of SARS-CoV-2 Infection</strong> - Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the global need for vaccines to prevent the disease is imperative. To date, several manufacturers have made efforts to develop vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. In spite of the success of developing many useful vaccines so far, it will be helpful for future vaccine designs, targetting long-term disease protection. For this, we need to know more details of the mechanism of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we first detected pairwise differentially expressed…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Generation of zinc ion-rich surface via in situ growth of ZIF-8 particle: Microorganism immobilization onto fabric surface for prohibit hospital-acquired infection</strong> - Viruses/bacteria outbreaks have motivated us to develop a fabric that will inhibit their transmission with high potency and long-term stability. By creating a metal-ion-rich surface onto polyester (PET) fabric, a method is found to inhibit hospital-acquired infections by immobilizing microorganisms on its surface. ZIF-8 and APTES are utilized to overcome the limitations associated with non-uniform distribution, weak biomolecule interaction, and ion leaching on surfaces. Modified surfaces…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Natural Compound ZINC12899676 Reduces Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Replication by Inhibiting the Viral NTPase Activity</strong> - Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an alphacoronavirus (α-CoV) that causes high mortality in suckling piglets, leading to severe economic losses worldwide. No effective vaccine or commercial antiviral drug is readily available. Several replicative enzymes are responsible for coronavirus replication. In this study, the potential candidates targeting replicative enzymes (PLP2, 3CLpro, RdRp, NTPase, and NendoU) were screened from 187,119 compounds in ZINC natural products library, and seven…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Promising Role of Emodin as Therapeutics to Against Viral Infections</strong> - Emodin is an anthraquinone derivative that is widely present in natural plants and has a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and anticancer and so on. Through reviewing studies on antiviral effect of emodin in the past decades, we found that emodin exhibits ability of inhibiting the infection and replication of more than 10 viruses in vitro and in vivo, including herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2), human…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>NK cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> - In the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic, the questions about specific activity of this virus in induction and/or inhibition of the innate and adaptive immune response are still open. Clinical observations of the severe and critical course of infection showed the hyperinflammation and cytokine storm. In organs and tissues that are a target for viral entry the lymphocytes and monocytes are dominant cells in tissue infiltration. There are different ways and different mechanisms leading to immune response…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Oridonin Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 by Targeting Its 3C-Like Protease</strong> - The current COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an enormous threat to public health. The SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease (3CLpro), which is critical for viral replication and transcription, has been recognized as an ideal drug target. Herein, it is identified that three herbal compounds, Salvianolic acid A (SAA), (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and Oridonin, directly inhibit the activity of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. Further, blocking SARS-CoV-2…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Horizons of Heparin Therapy in COVID-19 and Pandemic-Related Diseases</strong> - The disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, named COVID-19, has been spread around the world at a high transmission rate. It was initially considered to be an acute respiratory distress syndrome. Recent clinical data has highlighted that COVID-19 is characterized by a vascular dysfunction and thrombosis, which are not typical for many other acute respiratory diseases. Thrombotic complications are markers of severe COVID-19 and are associated with multiple organ failure and increased…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Healthy humans can be a source of antibodies countering COVID-19</strong> - Here, we describe the isolation of 18 unique anti SARS-CoV-2 human single-chain antibodies from an antibody library derived from healthy donors. The selection used a combination of phage and yeast display technologies and included counter-selection strategies meant to direct the selection of the receptor-binding motif (RBM) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein’s receptor binding domain (RBD2). Selected antibodies were characterized in various formats including IgG, using flow cytometry, ELISA, high…</p></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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