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<title>11 March, 2023</title>
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<title>Covid-19 Sentry</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
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<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
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<li><strong>THE INFLUENCE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE QUALITY OF NURSING SERVICES IN SURGERY AND INTERNAL DISEASE CARE ROOMS IN 2021 BAUBAU CITY HOSPITAL</strong> -
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Service quality must start from customer needs and end with customer satisfaction and positive perceptions of the services provided. However, the challenge is that the customer’s assessment of the service they receive is more subjective. To increase the utilization of health facilities, it is necessary to make corrections to public perceptions so that they are able to meet the expectations of consumers. If the customer is satisfied with good service, then the consumer will show a great opportunity to make a repeat purchase. COVID19 Worker Health Promotion must be regulated in terms of changes, from the implementation of COVID19 management instructions, new guidelines must be made, changes in nurse-patient interaction, with personal protective equipment (PPE), Covid19 fear or transmitting fear or transmitting. This new habit can affect the quality of care services The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the Covid 19 pandemic on the quality of nursing services in the Surgical and Disease Treatment rooms in the Baubau City Hospital in 2021. This type of research is a descriptive study using a cross-sectional approach. Therefore, it is a type of investigation that emphasizes measuring time only once at this point. The results showed that there was no influence between the Covid-19 pandemic on the quality of nursing services in the internal medicine and surgery rooms at Baubau Hospital in 2021, with a p-value = 0.230 or greater than a = 0.05, It is hoped that the hospital will maintain the quality standards provided by nurses in the surgical treatment room and those related to diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic so that patient satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic always feels pleasant.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/qhe29/" target="_blank">THE INFLUENCE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE QUALITY OF NURSING SERVICES IN SURGERY AND INTERNAL DISEASE CARE ROOMS IN 2021 BAUBAU CITY HOSPITAL</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>THE INFLUENCE OF WORKLOAD ON NURSE WORK STRESS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN FLAMBOYAN AND INTERNA ROOMS AT RSUD KOTA BAUBAU 2021</strong> -
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Job stress is a condition in which there is interaction between humans and work and is characterized by human changes that prevent it from having an impact on normal functioning. all professional employees in the hospital are at risk of experiencing stress, but nurses have a higher level of stress The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of workload on nurses’ work stress during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Flamboyan and Interna Rooms at the Baubau City Hospital. This type of investigation uses analytical investigations to find out how and why phenomena occur. A cross-sectional design simultaneously studying the two independent variables was adopted. The purpose of this study was to find out whether workload had an impact on the work pressure of Flamboyán and nurses at the Baubau City Hospital during the Covid19 pandemic. The results of the study showed that the most interviewees were moderate workload and moderate work stress, namely 25 people (17.80) and 8 respondents who had work stress (18.50). As long as people with high workloads with 8 types of heavy work stress (18.50). Based on the results of the Kruskal Wallis H-Test analysis with a value of & agr; 0.016 (α < 0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that there is an effect of burden on nurses’ work stress.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/8zt2y/" target="_blank">THE INFLUENCE OF WORKLOAD ON NURSE WORK STRESS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN FLAMBOYAN AND INTERNA ROOMS AT RSUD KOTA BAUBAU 2021</a>
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<li><strong>A single C-terminal residue controls SARS-CoV-2 spike trafficking and virion assembly</strong> -
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The spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 is delivered to the virion assembly site in the ER-Golgi Intermediate Compartment (ERGIC) from both the ER and cis-Golgi in infected cells1-3. However, the relevance and modulatory mechanism of this bidirectional trafficking are unclear. Here, using structure-function analyses, we show that S incorporation into virions and viral fusogenicity are determined by coatomer-dependent S delivery from the cis-Golgi and restricted by S-coatomer dissociation. Although S mimicry of the host coatomer-binding dibasic motif ensures retrograde trafficking to the ERGIC, avoidance of the host-like C-terminal acidic residue is critical for S-coatomer dissociation and therefore incorporation into virions or export for cell-cell fusion. Because this C-terminal residue is the key determinant of SARS-CoV-2 assembly and fusogenicity, our work provides a framework for the export of S protein encoded in genetic vaccines for surface display and immune activation.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.09.531992v1" target="_blank">A single C-terminal residue controls SARS-CoV-2 spike trafficking and virion assembly</a>
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<li><strong>Ultrapotent SARS coronavirus-neutralizing single-domain antibodies that bind a conserved membrane proximal epitope of the spike</strong> -
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Currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants have gained complete or significant resistance to all SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies that have been used in the clinic. Such antibodies can prevent severe disease in SARS-CoV-2 exposed patients for whom vaccines may not provide optimal protection. Here, we describe single-domain antibodies (VHHs), also known as nanobodies, that can broadly neutralize SARS-CoV-2 with unusually high potency. Structural analysis revealed their binding to a unique, highly conserved, membrane proximal, quaternary epitope in the S2 subunit of the spike. Furthermore, a VHH-human IgG1 Fc fusion, efficiently expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells as a stable antibody construct, protected hamsters against SARS-CoV-2 replication in a therapeutic setting when administered systemically at low dose. This VHH-based antibody represents a new candidate anti-COVID-19 biologic that targets the Achilles heel of the viral spike.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.10.531533v1" target="_blank">Ultrapotent SARS coronavirus-neutralizing single-domain antibodies that bind a conserved membrane proximal epitope of the spike</a>
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<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 protein structure and sequence mutations: evolutionary analysis and effects on virus variants SARS-CoV-2 protein structure and sequence mutations:</strong> -
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Proteins sequence, structure, and function are related, so that any changes in the protein sequence may cause modifications in its structure and function. Thanks to the exponential growth of data availability, many studies have addressed different questions such as: (i) how structure evolves based on the sequence changes, (ii) how structure and function change over time. Computational experiments have contributed to the study of viral protein structures. For instance the Spike (S) protein has been investigated for its role in binding receptors and infection activity in COVID-19, hence the interest of scientific researchers in studying the effects of virus mutations due to sequence, structure and vaccination effects. Protein Contact Networks (PCNs) can be used for investigating protein structures to detect biological properties thorough network topology. We apply topological studies based on graph theory of the PCNs to compare the structural changes with sequence changes, and find that both node centrality and community extraction analysis play a relevant role in changes in protein stability and functionality caused by mutations. We compare the structural evolution to sequence changes and study mutations from a temporal perspective focusing on virus variants. We finally highlight a timeline correlation between Omicron variant identification and the vaccination campaign.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.09.531961v1" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 protein structure and sequence mutations: evolutionary analysis and effects on virus variants SARS-CoV-2 protein structure and sequence mutations:</a>
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<li><strong>Coronavirus and Journalism: A Meta-analysis of Early Research on Journalism in the COVID-19 pandemic</strong> -
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This study conducts a meta-analysis of journalism studies research of the COVID-19 pandemic. Through an analysis of research published during the early stages of the pandemic (n=21) in Tier 1 and Tier 2 Communication journals, the study synthesizes extant findings to reflect the role of the pandemic on journalists financially, emotionally, and practically, the role of the pandemic on journalistic audiences and finally, the central mediating role of social media during the pandemic. Through the lens of field theory, these findings reflect both the adaptable nature of the journalistic field–adaptability that allows journalism to be, at times, unstable but also allow for resourceful adaptation in the face of tragedy.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/7fgj2/" target="_blank">Coronavirus and Journalism: A Meta-analysis of Early Research on Journalism in the COVID-19 pandemic</a>
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<li><strong>Prevalence of IgG and IgM to SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses in The Democratic Republic of Congo, Sierra Leone and Uganda: A Longitudinal Study</strong> -
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Objectives We assessed the prevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) against four endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs) and two SARS-CoV-2 antigens, among vaccinated and unvaccinated staff at health care centres in Uganda, Sierra Leone, and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Methods Government health facility staff who had patient contact in Goma (DRC), Kambia District (Sierra Leone), and Masaka District (Uganda) were enrolled. Questionnaires and blood samples were collected at three timepoints over four months. Blood samples were analysed with the Luminex MAGPIX. Results Among unvaccinated participants, the prevalence of IgG/IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 RBD or N-protein at enrolment was 70% in Goma (138/196), 89% in Kambia (112/126) and 89% in Masaka (190/213). IgG responses against endemic HCoVs at baseline were not associated with SAR-CoV-2 sero-acquisition during follow-up. Among vaccinated participants, those who had evidence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM at baseline tended to have higher IgG responses to vaccination compared to those SARS-CoV-2 seronegative at baseline, controlling for the time of sample collection since vaccination. Conclusions The high levels of natural immunity and hybrid immunity should be incorporated into both vaccination policy and prediction models of the impact of subsequent waves of infection in these settings.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.08.23286979v1" target="_blank">Prevalence of IgG and IgM to SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses in The Democratic Republic of Congo, Sierra Leone and Uganda: A Longitudinal Study</a>
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<li><strong>Impaired potency of neutralizing antibodies against cell-cell fusion mediated by SARS-CoV-2</strong> -
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The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants have dominated the pandemic due to their high transmissibility and immune evasion conferred by the spike mutations. The Omicron subvariants can spread by cell-free virus infection and cell-cell fusion, the latter of which is more effective but has not been extensively investigated. In this study, we developed a simple and high-throughput assay that provides a rapid readout to quantify cell-cell fusion mediated by the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins without using live or pseudotyped virus. This assay can be used to identify variants of concern and to screen for prophylactic and therapeutic agents. We further evaluated a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and vaccinee sera against D614G and Omicron subvariants, finding that cell-cell fusion is substantially more resistant to mAb and serum inhibition than cell-free virus infection. Such results have important implications for the development of vaccines and antiviral antibody drugs against cell-cell fusion induced by SARS-CoV-2 spikes.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.09.531948v1" target="_blank">Impaired potency of neutralizing antibodies against cell-cell fusion mediated by SARS-CoV-2</a>
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<li><strong>Index Cases First Identified by Nasal-Swab Rapid COVID-19 Tests Had More Transmission to Household Contacts Than Cases Identified by Other Test Types</strong> -
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Importance: At-home rapid COVID-19 tests utilize nasal-swab specimens and require high viral loads to reliably give positive results. Longitudinal studies from the onset of infection have found infectious virus can present in oral specimens days before nasal. Detection and initiation of infection-control practices may therefore be delayed when nasal-swab rapid tests are used, resulting in greater exposure and transmission to contacts. Objective: We assessed whether index cases first identified by rapid nasal-swab COVID-19 tests had more transmission to household contacts than index cases who used other test types (tests with higher analytical sensitivity but longer turnaround times, and/or that utilize non-nasal specimen types). Design: In this observational cohort study, members of households with a recent COVID-19 case were screened for infection at least daily by RT-qPCR on one or more self-collected upper-respiratory specimen types. Participants reported demographic/medical information (including COVID-19 testing), symptom and exposure information, and household infection-control practices. A two-level random intercept model was used to assess the association between the infection outcome of household contacts and each covariable (household size, race/ethnicity, age, vaccination status, viral variant, infection-control practices, and whether a rapid nasal-swab test was used to initially identify the household index case). Setting: Southern California, September 2020-June 2021 and November 2021-March 2022. Participants: Cohort of 370 individuals from 85 households. Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s): Transmission was quantified by adjusted secondary attack rates (aSAR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR). Results: An aSAR of 53.6% (95%CI 38.8-68.3%) was observed among households where the index case first tested positive by a rapid nasal-swab COVID-19 test, which was significantly higher than the aSAR for households where the index case utilized another test type (27.2% [19.5-35.0%], P=0.003 pairwise comparisons of predictive margins). We observed an aOR of 4.90 (95%CI 1.65-14.56) for transmission to household contacts when a nasal-swab rapid test was used to identify the index case, compared to other test types. Conclusions and Relevance: Use of nasal-swab rapid COVID-19 tests for initial detection of infection and initiation of infection control may not limit transmission as well as other test types.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.09.23286855v1" target="_blank">Index Cases First Identified by Nasal-Swab Rapid COVID-19 Tests Had More Transmission to Household Contacts Than Cases Identified by Other Test Types</a>
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<li><strong>Integrated analyses of single-cell RNA-seq public data reveal the gene regulatory network landscape of respiratory epithelial and peripheral immune cells in COVID-19 patients</strong> -
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Introduction: Infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which can result in acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure. However, its comprehensive influence on pathological immune responses in the respiratory epithelium and peripheral immune cells is not yet fully understood. Methods: In this study, we integrated multiple public scRNA-seq datasets of nasopharyngeal swab and peripheral blood results to investigate the gene regulatory networks (GRNs) of healthy individuals and COVID-19 patients with mild/moderate and severe disease, respectively. Similar and dissimilar regulons were identified within or between epithelial and immune cells during COVID-19 severity progression. The relative transcription factors (TFs) and their targets were used to construct GRNs among different infection sites and conditions. Results: Between respiratory epithelial and peripheral immune cells, different TFs tended to be used to regulate the activity of a cell between healthy individuals and COVID-19 patients, although they had some TFs in common. For example, XBP1, FOS, STAT1, and STAT2 were activated in both the epithelial and immune cells of virus-infected individuals. In contrast, severe COVID-19 cases exhibited activation of CEBPD in peripheral immune cells, while CEBPB was exclusively activated in respiratory epithelial cells. Moreover, in patients with severe COVID-19, CEBPD upregulated S100A8 and S100A9 in CD14 and CD16 monocytes, while S100A9 genes were co-upregulated by different regulators (SPEDEF and ELF3) in goblet and squamous cells. The cell-cell communication analysis suggested that epidermal growth factor receptor signaling among epithelial cells contributes to mild/moderate disease, and chemokine signaling among immune cells contributes to severe disease. Conclusions: This study identified cell type- and condition-specific regulons in a wide range of cell types from the initial infection site to the peripheral blood, and clarified the diverse mechanisms of maladaptive responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.09.23287043v1" target="_blank">Integrated analyses of single-cell RNA-seq public data reveal the gene regulatory network landscape of respiratory epithelial and peripheral immune cells in COVID-19 patients</a>
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<li><strong>Real-world effectiveness of sotrovimab for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection during Omicron BA.2 subvariant predominance: a systematic literature review</strong> -
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Purpose Emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants have impacted the in vitro activity of sotrovimab 500 mg, with reduced fold change in EC<sub>50</sub> for the Omicron BA.2 sublineage and onward. The correlation between this reduction and clinical efficacy outcomes is unknown. In the absence of clinical trials assessing the efficacy of sotrovimab against emerging variants, real-world evidence becomes a critical source of information. A systematic literature review (SLR) of published observational studies was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of sotrovimab on severe clinical outcomes during the Omicron BA.2 subvariant predominance period. Methods Searches of indexed electronic databases for peer-reviewed journals, preprint articles, and conference abstracts published between January 1, 2022 and November 3, 2022 were undertaken using a combination of search terms for COVID-19, sotrovimab, and observational study design. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS). Results From the 343 unique titles and abstracts identified, five studies were eligible for inclusion in the SLR. Included studies displayed heterogeneity in study design and population. The OpenSAFELY study, which received a high NOS score and had a sufficient sample of patients treated with sotrovimab during BA.2 predominance, demonstrated clinical effectiveness during both BA.1 (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.33–0.88, <i>p</i> = 0.014) and BA.2 (adjusted HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.27–0.71, <i>p</i> = 0.001) periods vs molnupiravir. Furthermore, a US-based study that also received a high NOS score reported that sotrovimab was associated with a lower risk of 30-day all-cause hospitalization or mortality compared with no monoclonal antibody treatment during the BA.2 subvariant surge in March (adjusted relative risk (RR) 0.41, 95% CI 0.27–0.62) and April 2022 (adjusted RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.08–3.54). Although only a limited number of studies evaluated sotrovimab during both the BA.1 and BA.2 periods, these demonstrated that clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 treated with sotrovimab were consistently low across both periods. One large study directly compared data from the two periods and found no evidence of a difference in the clinical outcomes of sotrovimab-treated patients with sequencing-confirmed BA.1 and BA.2 (HR 1.17, 95% CI 0.74–1.86). Conclusion The observational data presented in this SLR provide evidence that the effectiveness of sotrovimab (IV 500 mg) is maintained against Omicron BA.2 in both ecological and sequencing-confirmed studies, either through the demonstration of low and comparable rates of severe clinical outcomes between the Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 periods, or by comparison against an active comparator or no treatment within the Omicron BA.2 period.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.09.23287034v1" target="_blank">Real-world effectiveness of sotrovimab for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection during Omicron BA.2 subvariant predominance: a systematic literature review</a>
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<li><strong>Spatio-temporal distributions of COVID-19 vaccine doses uptake in the Netherlands: A Bayesian ecological modelling analysis</strong> -
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Background: In the transitioning era towards the COVID-19 endemic, there is still a sizable population that has never been vaccinated against COVID-19 in the Netherlands. To identify regions and populations that have a lower chance of vaccination uptake, this study provides a spatio-temporal estimation of the relative chance of COVID-19 vaccination uptake for the first, second, and the booster doses in the Netherlands on both municipality level and the public health services (regional) level. Methods: Data on COVID-19 vaccination uptake were retrieved from the publicly available national COVID-19 surveillance dataset. We used a Bayesian spatio-temporal modelling technique with the integrated nested Laplace approximation to account for the spatial structure and the space-time interaction. Additionally, we used an ecological regression modelling technique which takes into account areal level socio-demographic characteristics to adjust for their potential impact on the chance of the regional vaccination uptake. Results: Our findings revealed a heterogenous spatio-temporal distribution of the relative chance of COVID-19 vaccination uptake with highly overlapping trends of all three vaccination doses. Internal heterogeneity of COVID-19 vaccination uptake within one public health services region on the municipality level was also identified. The Dutch main urban area and the most religiously conservative regions were identified to have a lower-than-average chance of COVID-19 vaccination uptake compared to the rest of the country. Ecological regression modelling analysis revealed that regions with a higher proportion of non-Western immigrants had a lower chance of COVID-19 vaccination uptake for all vaccination scenarios. Conclusion: The obtained estimates should inform national and local COVID-19 vaccination policies and service strategies in the Netherlands for the ongoing COVID-19 campaign on the second booster. Namely, more regional efforts and services may be needed to close 9vaccination gaps9 and optimise COVID-19 health-related outcomes, especially with regard to regions with a relatively higher proportion of marginalised populations.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.09.23287033v1" target="_blank">Spatio-temporal distributions of COVID-19 vaccine doses uptake in the Netherlands: A Bayesian ecological modelling analysis</a>
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<li><strong>Cause of Death by Race and Ethnicity in Minnesota Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2019-2020</strong> -
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Objectives. To measure changes in cause of death dynamics in 2019 and 2020 and the relationship between concurrent occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic and mortality outcome by race and ethnicity. Patients and Methods. We used resident mortality data from the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) to conduct retrospective statistical analysis of deaths in Minnesota in 2019 relative to 2020 to assess changes in mortality in a pre-pandemic and pandemic period. Results. COVID-19 strongly contributed to ethnicity-related mortality disparities in Minnesota. Not only was there a greater proportion of COVID-19 decedents within the Black and Hispanic populations, but their average decedent age was markedly lower relative to the White population. The Black population experienced a disproportionate increase in decedents with a 34% increase during 2020 compared to 2019. Conclusions. This retrospective analysis of death dynamics and mortality outcomes in Minnesota from 2019 to 2020 demonstrated an increase in adverse mortality outcomes relative to the pre-pandemic period that disproportionately impacted Black and Hispanic minority populations. Access to non-pharmaceutical interventions combating COVID-19 infection in Black and Hispanic communities should be expanded in Minnesota.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.09.23287048v1" target="_blank">Cause of Death by Race and Ethnicity in Minnesota Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2019-2020</a>
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<li><strong>Assessing the utility of COVID-19 case reports as a leading indicator for hospitalization forecasting in the United States</strong> -
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Identifying data streams that can consistently improve the accuracy of epidemiological forecasting models is challenging. Using models designed to predict daily state-level hospital admissions due to COVID-19 in California and Massachusetts, we investigated whether incorporating COVID-19 case data systematically improved forecast accuracy. Additionally, we considered whether using case data aggregated by date of test or by date of report from a surveillance system made a difference to the forecast accuracy. Evaluating forecast accuracy in a test period, after first having selected the best-performing methods in a validation period, we found that overall the difference in accuracy between approaches was small, especially at forecast horizons of less than two weeks. However, forecasts from models using cases aggregated by test date showed lower accuracy at longer horizons and at key moments in the pandemic, such as the peak of the Omicron wave in January 2022. Overall, these results highlight the challenge of finding a modeling approach that can generate accurate forecasts of outbreak trends both during periods of relative stability and during periods that show rapid growth or decay of transmission rates. While COVID-19 case counts seem to be a natural choice to help predict COVID-19 hospitalizations, in practice any benefits we observed were small and inconsistent.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.08.23286582v1" target="_blank">Assessing the utility of COVID-19 case reports as a leading indicator for hospitalization forecasting in the United States</a>
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<li><strong>Evaluating targeted COVID-19 vaccination strategies with agent-based modeling</strong> -
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We evaluate approaches to vaccine distribution using an agent-based model of human activity and COVID-19 transmission calibrated to detailed trends in cases, hospitalizations, deaths, seroprevalence, and vaccine breakthrough infections in Florida, USA. We compare the incremental effectiveness for four different distribution strategies at four different levels of vaccine availability, reflecting different income settings9 historical COVID-19 vaccine distribution. Our analysis indicates that the best strategy to reduce severe outcomes is to actively target high disease-risk individuals. This was true in every scenario, although the advantage was greatest for the middle-income-country availability assumptions, and relatively modest compared to a simple mass vaccination approach for rapid, high levels of vaccine availability. Ring vaccination, while generally the most effective strategy for reducing infections, ultimately proved least effective at preventing deaths. We also consider using age group as a practical, surrogate measure for actual disease-risk targeting; this approach still outperforms both simple mass distribution and ring vaccination. We also find that the magnitude of strategy effectiveness depends on when assessment occurs (e.g., after delta vs. after omicron variants). However, these differences in absolute benefit for the strategies do not change the ranking of their performance at preventing severe outcomes across vaccine availability assumptions.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.09.23285319v1" target="_blank">Evaluating targeted COVID-19 vaccination strategies with agent-based modeling</a>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effect of Selected Types of Breathing Exercises on Different Outcome Measures in Covid-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Other: breathing exercise<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Basma Mosaad Abd-elrahman Abushady<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Compare QLS1128 With Placebo in Symptomatic Participants With Mild to Moderate COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: QLS1128; Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study of WPV01 Compared With Placebo in Patients With Mild/Moderate COVID-19 Infection</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19 Infection<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: WPV01; Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Westlake Pharmaceuticals (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of the Beta-variant Recombinant Protein Booster Vaccine (VidPrevtyn Beta, Sanofi) Compared to a Bivalent mRNA Vaccine (Comirnaty Original/Omicron BA.4-5, BioNTech-Pfizer) in Adults Previously Vaccinated With at Least 3 Doses of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Vaccine Reaction; COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: Comirnaty® BNT162b2 /Omicron BA.4-5 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech); Biological: VidPrevtyn® Beta vaccine (Sanofi/GSK)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris; IREIVAC/COVIREIVAC Network<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ARVAC-A New Recombinant Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19 Vaccine<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: Gamma Variant RBD-based ARVAC-CG vaccine; Biological: Omicron Variant RBD-based ARVAC-CG vaccine; Biological: Bivalent RBD-based ARVAC-CG vaccine; Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Mónica Edith Lombardo; Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM); National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, Argentina; Laboratorio Pablo Cassará S.R.L.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study of HH-120 Nasal Spray in Close Contacts of Those Diagnosed With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 Infection<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Drug: HH-120 Nasal Spray<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Beijing Ditan Hospital<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Oxygen Atomizing Inhalation of EGCG in the Treatment COVID-19 Pneumonia in Cancer Patients</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19 Pneumonia; Neoplasms Malignant<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: EGCG; Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Use of Photobiomodulation in the Treatment of Oral Complaints of Long COVID-19.A Randomized Controlled Trial.</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Xerostomia; COVID-19; Long COVID; Persistent COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Combination Product: Institutional standard treatment for xerostomia and Long Covid; Radiation: Photobiomodulation Therapy; Radiation: Placebo Photobiomodulation Therapy<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: University of Nove de Julho<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Acupuncture for Post COVID-19 Fatigue</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Acupuncture; Post COVID-19 Condition; Fatigue<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Device: Acupuncture; Device: Sham Acupuncture<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Guang’anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>[14C] Study on Mass Balance and Biotransformation of STI-1558 in Healthy Chinese Adult Male Subjects</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Drug: [14C]STI-1558<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Zhejiang ACEA Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of HH-120 Nasal Spray in Healthy Volunteers</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: HH-120 nasal spray, PartA cohort 1; Drug: HH-120 nasal spray, Part A cohort 2-7; Drug: HH-120 nasal spray, Part A cohort 8-9; Drug: HH-120 nasal spray, Part B; Other: Placebo nasal spray, Part B<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Huahui Health<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Clinical and Imaging Biomarkers Associated With Plasma ad Cellular Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease at the Time of COVID 19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Cardiovascular Diseases<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Other: sample blood<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>tDCS in Post-COVID Syndrome: Comparison of Two Targets</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; Post-COVID-19 Syndrome; Post COVID-19 Condition<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Device: transcranial current direct stimulation<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Hospital San Carlos, Madrid<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Impact of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Post-Aerobic Activity Recovery in Post Covid Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Post-COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Device: non-invasive auricular vagus stimulation; Device: Placebo Non Invasive Vagus Stimulation; Other: Aerobic exercise<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Istanbul Medipol University Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>In Vivo Investigation on Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Post-COVID Fatigue and Cancer Fatigue.</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Mitochondrial Dysfunction; COVID-19; Fatigue<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Other: MRI/ 3D Arterial Spin Labelling (ASL) and 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS); Other: Chalder Fatigue Scale; Other: Health Questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L); Other: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: National University Hospital, Singapore; National University of Singapore<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Determinants Influencing the Adoption of Internet Health Care Technology Among Chinese Health Care Professionals: Extension of the Value-Based Adoption Model With Burnout Theory</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: Perceived value, perceived enjoyment, and employee burnout were the most important determinants of IHT adoption intention by health care professionals. In addition, while employee burnout was negatively related to adoption intention, perceived value inhibited employee burnout. Therefore, this study finds that it is necessary to develop strategies to improve the perceived value and reduce employee burnout, which will benefit the promotion of the adoption intention of IHT in health…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Elucidation of the liver pathophysiology of COVID-19 patients using liver-on-a-chips</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 induces severe organ damage not only in the lung but also in the liver, heart, kidney, and intestine. It is known that COVID-19 severity correlates with liver dysfunction, but few studies have investigated the liver pathophysiology in COVID-19 patients. Here, we elucidated liver pathophysiology in COVID-19 patients using organs-on-a-chip technology and clinical analyses. First, we developed liver-on-a-chip (LoC) which recapitulating hepatic functions around the intrahepatic bile duct…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces IL-18-mediated cardiopulmonary inflammation via reduced mitophagy</strong> - Cardiopulmonary complications are major drivers of mortality caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Interleukin-18, an inflammasome-induced cytokine, has emerged as a novel mediator of cardiopulmonary pathologies but its regulation via SARS-CoV-2 signaling remains unknown. Based on a screening panel, IL-18 was identified amongst 19 cytokines to stratify mortality and hospitalization burden in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Supporting clinical data, administration of SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1 (S1)…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Korupensamine A, but not its atropisomer, korupensamine B, inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in vitro by targeting its main protease (M<sup>pro</sup>)</strong> - By combining docking and molecular dynamics simulations, we explored a library of 65 mostly axially chiral naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids and their analogues, with most different molecular architectures and structural analogues, for their activity against SARS-CoV-2. Although natural biaryls are often regarded without consideration of their axial chirality, they can bind to protein targets in an atroposelective manner. By combining docking results with steered molecular dynamics simulations, we…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Divalent siRNAs are bioavailable in the lung and efficiently block SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> - The continuous evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants complicates efforts to combat the ongoing pandemic, underscoring the need for a dynamic platform for the rapid development of pan-viral variant therapeutics. Oligonucleotide therapeutics are enhancing the treatment of numerous diseases with unprecedented potency, duration of effect, and safety. Through the systematic screening of hundreds of oligonucleotide sequences, we identified fully chemically stabilized siRNAs and ASOs that target regions of…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Analysis of the incidence of central precocious puberty treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic</strong> - Introduction. Since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, consultations of girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) increased in several countries, but there were no data from Argentina. This increase may be related to changes in lifestyle and stress levels resulting from the lockdown, which particularly affected the child population. Objectives. 1) To describe the progression of the incidence of ICPP requiring inhibition of the…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>In vitro and in silico evaluation of antiretrovirals against SARS-CoV-2: A drug repurposing approach</strong> - CONCLUSION: Lamivudine, emtricitabine and raltegravir showed in vitro antiviral effects against the D614G strain of SARS-CoV-2. Raltegravir was the compound with the greatest in vitro antiviral potential at low concentrations, and it showed the highest binding affinities with crucial SARS-CoV-2 proteins during the viral replication cycle. However, further studies on the therapeutic utility of raltegravir in patients with COVID-19 are required.</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB subvariants exhibit enhanced fusogenicity and substantial immune evasion in elderly population, but high sensitivity to pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitors</strong> - Numerous emerging SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants have shown significant immune evasion capacity and caused a large number of infections, as well as vaccine-breakthrough infections, especially in elderly populations. Recently emerged Omicron XBB was derived from the BA.2 lineage, but bears a distinct mutant profile in its spike (S) protein. In this study, we found that Omicron XBB S protein drove more efficient membrane-fusion kinetics on human lung-derived cells (Calu-3). Considering the high…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Reactive oxygen species are associated with the inhibitory effect of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-retinamide on the entry of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2</strong> - N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-retinamide (4-HPR) inhibits the dihydroceramide Δ4-desaturase 1 (DEGS1) enzymatic activity. We previously reported that 4-HPR suppresses the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein-mediated membrane fusion through a decrease in membrane fluidity in a DEGS1-independent manner. However, the precise mechanism underlying the inhibition of viral entry by 4-HPR remains unclear. In this study, we examined the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS)…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Autophagy is induced by swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus through the cellular IRE1-JNK-Beclin 1 signaling pathway after an interaction of viral membrane-associated papain-like protease and GRP78</strong> - Autophagy plays an important role in the infectious processes of diverse pathogens. For instance, cellular autophagy could be harnessed by viruses to facilitate replication. However, it is still uncertain about the interplay of autophagy and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) in cells. In this study, we reported that SADS-CoV infection could induce a complete autophagy process both in vitro and in vivo, and an inhibition of autophagy significantly decreased SADS-CoV production,…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Erratum to “Targeting SARS-CoV-2 by synthetic dual-acting thiol compounds that inhibit Spike/ACE2 interaction and viral protein production”</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Incremental innovation in healthcare in Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: In general, incremental innovations require less investment and shorter technology maturation times, which had made it possible to respond, in some cases successfully, to situations of initial shortages of many medical devices, such as ventilators and protective equipment.</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Bioinspired Antimicrobial PLA with Nanocones on the Surface for Rapid Deactivation of Omicron SARS-CoV-2</strong> - Bioinspired bactericidal surfaces are artificial surfaces that mimic the nanotopography of insect wings and are capable of inhibiting microbial growth by a physicomechanical mechanism. The scientific community has considered them an alternative method to design polymers with surfaces that inhibit bacterial biofilm formation, suitable for self-disinfectant medical devices. In this contribution, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with nanocone patterns was successfully produced by a novel two-step procedure…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Inhibitory activity of a sulfated oligo-porphyran from Pyropia yezoensis against SARS-CoV-2</strong> - COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has spread around the world at an unprecedented rate. A more homogeneous oligo-porphyran with mean molecular weight of 2.1 kD, named OP145, was separated from Pyropia yezoensis. NMR analysis showed OP145 was mainly composed of →3)-β-d-Gal-(1 → 4)-α-l-Gal (6S) repeating units with few replacement of 3,6-anhydride, and the molar ratio was 1:0.85:0.11. MALDI-TOF MS revealed OP145 contained mainly tetrasulfate-oligogalactan with Dp range from 4 to 10 and with no more…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The diverse role of heparan sulfate and other GAGs in SARS-CoV-2 infections and therapeutics</strong> - In December 2019, the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began in Wuhan, China. COVID-19 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which infects host cells primarily through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. In addition to ACE2, several studies have shown the importance of heparan sulfate (HS) on the host cell surface as a co-receptor for SARS-CoV-2-binding. This insight has driven research into antiviral therapies, aimed…</p></li>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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