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<title>27 July, 2023</title>
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<title>Covid-19 Sentry</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
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<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
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<li><strong>Persistence of socioeconomic gaps in perinatal health in Spain, 2000-2019</strong> -
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Objectives: Perinatal health is unequally distributed and studies on the Spanish case confirm the positive association between resources and perinatal health in the pre- and during recession (before 2015). This paper systematically looks at three key perinatal indicators –LBW, prematurity, and HBW– in the post-recession period (and prior to the onset of COVID-19). Setting: We investigate perinatal outcomes among live births in Spain between 2000 and 2019. The data comes from the Childbirth Statistics Bulletin and includes information provided by parents and health personnel on the delivery, context of the birth, and basic socioeconomic indicators of parents. Participants: Out of the total number of births in Spain between 2000 and 2019 (N=8,799,941), We focus on live births and exclude those with missing birthweight and/or gestational age (N=1,464,134) and deliveries before 26 weeks of gestation (N=6,980). Our final sample consists of 7,328,827 live births. Outcome measures: Primary measures are the prevalence in three key perinatal outcomes: low birth weight (LBW, <2.5 kg.), high birth weight (HBW, > 4 kg.) and prematurity (<37 GA). We estimate gross, unadjusted prevalence for key socio-economic variables. Results: Higher parental resources –education, occupation– correlate with better perinatal outcomes. Younger mothers –and in some cases also fathers– and those who are married show superior birth outcomes as well. Migrant-origin mothers have lower chances of an LBW but are more prone to HBW and to preterm delivery. Primiparous mothers are clearly more likely to experience adverse birth results. Conclusions: Despite high-quality and free of cost health care provision in Spain and advancement in the monitoring of pregnancies and deliveries, socioeconomic gaps are strikingly persistent in Spain. Inasmuch as perinatal health is a relevant predictor of later life chances, tackling socioeconomic gaps in birth weight and gestational age might be consequential for mitigating intergenerational social inequalities.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/tpvaw/" target="_blank">Persistence of socioeconomic gaps in perinatal health in Spain, 2000-2019</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>World Health Organization Is Losing Public Credibility Towards Health-Sensitive Topics: Infodemiological Analysis of Facebook Users’ Reactions</strong> -
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Background The scientific infodemic constitutes one of the greatest threats to public health and safety today. The credibility of the main dissemination agencies is an essential tool for adhering to measures to preserve public health. Methods Reactions such as “like,” “love,” “affection,” “surprise,” “sadness,” “anger,” and “derision” were collected under World Health Organization Facebook posts on climate change (from 2019 to 2022) and vaccines (from 2021 to 2022). Descriptive statistics, linear regression, and correlation methods were implemented to identify possible trends and causal relationships with the COVID-19 vaccination campaign. Results These findings showed a worrying increase in derision reactions about climate change-related posts (up to 22% in November 2022, with a quadratically growing trend over time since December 2020). Furthermore, infodemic reactions such as anger and especially derision made up the majority of emotional reactions to vaccine-related posts since 2021 and up to 44% of total reactions in November 2022 (median since July 2021 = 9%, IQR: 4% - 14 %). Finally, there is evidence of a causal correlation between the start of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign and public distrust towards the WHO, even for issues unrelated to vaccines such as climate change. Conclusion These findings signal that the World Health Organization is losing public credibility towards extremely relevant issues for global health. Infodemiological interventions in accordance with the recent literature are urgently required.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/t37xd/" target="_blank">World Health Organization Is Losing Public Credibility Towards Health-Sensitive Topics: Infodemiological Analysis of Facebook Users’ Reactions</a>
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<li><strong>Epidemiological Risk in Italy Increases During the Cold Season and Heatwaves: Considerations for Health Policies During COVID-19 and Future Crises.</strong> -
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Objectives. This paper aims to investigate the overall epidemiological risk in Italy in relation to the seasonal temperature to provide useful indications for managing COVID-19 and other health crises. Methods. The relationship between the number of deaths in the period 2015-2019 and the average monthly temperatures was investigated. The excess deaths and confirmed deaths from COVID-19 in 2020, 2021, and 2022 were examined to estimate the impact of the COVID-19 crisis and its relationships with temperatures. Results. The epidemiological risk was markedly and surprisingly higher during the cold months in Italy from 2015 to 2019 (+45,000 annual deaths, SD = 4,700, S = 21). The COVID-19 crisis has further aggravated this scenario during 2020 (+115,000) and 2021 (+63,000, S > 52). Mortality appeared to be boosted by low average minimum temperatures, although the death curve rose moderately during the four warmest months (Spearman r = -0.75, 95% CI = [-0.87; -0.56], S = 23). COVID-19 deaths also showed a pronounced seasonality, even if the latter was decreasing over time (Spearman r = -0.85, 95% CI = [-0.92; -0.70], S = 20). Monthly excess deaths during COVID-19 were extremely high and surprising (+4,200, IQR = [2,800; 8,000], one sample Wilcoxon signed rank test S = 28) but didn’t show a clear seasonality during 2021 and 2022. Overall COVID-19 mortality was strongly and surprisingly correlated with regional latitude (Spearman r = 0.86, 95% CI = [0.68; 0.94], S = 20). Discrepancies between COVID-19 and excess deaths during 2021 and 2022 suggest seasonal estimation errors and/or unexpected interactions between epidemiological variables. Among the latter, it should be noted that the over-50 population is increasing (+330,000/year until 2020, 95% CI: = [290,000; 360,000], S = 22) while the under-50 population is declining (-570,000/year, 95% CI = [-540,000; -600,000], S = 25). Conclusions. Based on these findings and what is known in the literature, it can be concluded that: i) the epidemiological risk in Italy is seasonal and geographically dependent since cold seasons and low temperatures lead to higher mortality, ii) COVID-19’s impact on public health is strongly influenced by both environmental/seasonal and virological factors, iii) temperatures’ increase due to climate change is able to create summer mortality peaks. Health authorities are called to develop policies that take these factors into account since the COVID-19 risk cannot be disjointed from the local epidemiological context. In particular, health systems need to be strengthened during cold seasons and in anticipation of heat waves during summer. This is even more urgent considering the rapid annual aging of the population. Future research should investigate the interrelation between all these epidemiological variables at the causal level. Keywords. COVID-19, epidemiology, Italy, mortality, public health, risk factors, seasonality, temperature.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/f9x5h/" target="_blank">Epidemiological Risk in Italy Increases During the Cold Season and Heatwaves: Considerations for Health Policies During COVID-19 and Future Crises.</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Request for Immediate Intervention by the Public Health Authorities to Counter the Infodemic Related to the Russian Attack in Ukraine</strong> -
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The growing infodemic related to the Russian attack in Ukraine risks creating a similar or even worse scenario than what happened with the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the evidence from this letter, we suggest that Google Trends be employed by public health authorities to monitor the infodemiological situation.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/frjtx/" target="_blank">Request for Immediate Intervention by the Public Health Authorities to Counter the Infodemic Related to the Russian Attack in Ukraine</a>
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<li><strong>Combined Use of Google Trends and Talkwalker for Infoveillance: Listening to Web Concerns About COVID-19 Vaccines in Italy (Abstract in English, Main Text in Italian)</strong> -
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<div>
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Introduction An infodemic is an information epidemic capable of compromising public health. Based on the World Health Organization indications, this manuscript proposes an infoveillance method suitable for listening to web concerns on health in order to develop adequate infodemiological responses. In particular, the case of COVID-19 vaccinations in Italy was investigated. Methods Web interest and concern in COVID-19 vaccines over the past week (January 8 – 14, 2023) was investigated via the websites Google Trends and Talkwalker by searching for appropriate keywords. Thanks to the analysis of related queries and topics, it was possible to determine and examine the most debated topics relating to specific side effects. Results Emotional reactions regarding COVID-19 vaccines have been negative in varying percentages between 40 and 70%, depending on the topic discussed. Feelings of alarm, derision, doubt, and anger were common (about 60%). The concerns were mainly about the effectiveness against recent COVID-19 variants and alleged side effects such as sudden death, tumors, myocarditis, prion disease, and high ferritin. The most used media among those scrutinized was Twitter (over 90% of interactions). The male audience participated more and showed more negativity than the female one. The age groups mainly involved were the under-45s. Discussion and conclusion This research discussed the combined use of Google Trends and Talkwalker to conduct rapid infoveillance surveys. The results found showed that the web public has many doubts about COVID-19 vaccines, including the appearance of very rare or unproved side effects. Based on the WHO infodemic management strategy, it is essential that this or similar approaches are adopted by health and government authorities to listen to the community and calibrate appropriate infodemiological responses aimed at preserving public health.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/8mv6g/" target="_blank">Combined Use of Google Trends and Talkwalker for Infoveillance: Listening to Web Concerns About COVID-19 Vaccines in Italy (Abstract in English, Main Text in Italian)</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Online Credibility of National Health Institutions: Infodemiological Analysis of Facebook Users’ Reactions in Eight Countries Worldwide</strong> -
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<div>
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Public trust in physicians, health-related websites, and medical institutions is one of the main determinants of health behaviour. This paper aims to examine the online credibility of the leading national health authorities in various countries worldwide in order to estimate the extent of the reputation damage during the COVID-19 crisis and evaluate the countermeasures to be undertaken. Specifically, users’ reactions to Facebook posts related to vaccine development and administration were studied. From 2021 to 2022, a sharp deterioration in the online credibility of the leading national health institutions worldwide has been observed. Infodemic reactions such as derision and anger, which already represented a health issue in 2021, have reached alarming percentages (i.e., between 30 and 50%) in England, France, Italy, Spain, and the USA during 2022. Such reactions reached a disproportionate 90% in Germany, where the online infodemiological situation appears incredibly serious. Conversely, the situation seemed more moderate in Argentina and Brazil (below 20%). Regardless of the sample size and its suitability for representing the global situation, these findings reveal a rising global security threat. Future research should focus on verifying how much of this online infodemic directly translates into dangerous health behaviours (e.g., vaccine hesitancy) and what were the main causes for these communication crises.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/8ftnu/" target="_blank">Online Credibility of National Health Institutions: Infodemiological Analysis of Facebook Users’ Reactions in Eight Countries Worldwide</a>
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<li><strong>The Influence of Mass Media on Italian Web Users during COVID-19: an Infodemiological Analysis.</strong> -
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Background: Alongside the COVID-19 pandemic, the world has had to face a growing infodemic, which has caused severe damage to economic and health systems and has often compromised the effectiveness of infection containment regulations. Although this has spread mainly through social media, there are numerous occasions in which the mass media have shared dangerous information, giving resonance to statements without a scientific basis. For these reasons, infoveillance and infodemiology methods are increasingly exploited to monitor online information traffic. The same tools have also been used to make epidemiological predictions. Among these, Google Trends - a service by GoogleTM that quantifies the web interest of users in the form of relative search volume - has often been adopted by the scientific community. Objective: The purpose of this paper is to use Google Trends to estimate the impact of Italian mass media on users’ web searches in order to understand the role of press and television channels in both the infodemic and the interest of Italian netizens on COVID-19. Methods: First, from January 2020 to March 2021, we collected the headlines containing specific COVID-19-related keywords published on PubMed, Google, the Ministry of Health, and the most read newspapers in Italy. These keywords were selected based on previous literature and the related queries of Google Trends. Second, we evaluated the percentage of infodemic terms on these platforms. Third, through Google Trends, we looked for correlations between newspaper headlines and Google searches related to COVID-19. We assessed the significance and intensity of changes in user web searches through Welch’s t-test and percentage differences or increases. We also highlighted the presence of trends via the Mann-Kendall test. Finally, we analyzed the web interest in infodemic content posted on YouTube. In particular, we counted the number of views of videos containing disinformation for each channel considered. Results: During the first COVID-19 wave, the Italian press preferred to draw on infodemic terms (from 1.6% to 6.3%) and moderately infodemic terms (from 88% to 94%), while scientific sources favored the correct names (from 65% to 88%). The correlational analysis showed that the press heavily influenced users in adopting the terms to identify the novel coronavirus (best average correlation = 0.91, P-value <.001). The use of scientific denominations by the press reached acceptable values only during the third wave (about 80% except for Rai and Mediaset). Web queries about COVID-19 symptoms also appeared to be influenced by the press (best average correlation = .92, P<.007). Furthermore, users have shown a pronounced web interest in YouTube videos of an infodemic nature. Finally, the press gave resonance to serious fake news on COVID-19 that caused pronounced spikes of interest from web users. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the Italian mass media have played a decisive role both in the spread of the infodemic and in addressing netizens’ web interest, thus favoring the adoption of terms unsuitable for identifying the novel coronavirus (COVID- 19 disease). Therefore, it is highly advisable that the directors of news channels and newspapers be more cautious and government dissemination agencies exert more control over such news.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/bu6cg/" target="_blank">The Influence of Mass Media on Italian Web Users during COVID-19: an Infodemiological Analysis.</a>
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<li><strong>There is a need for more precise models to assess the determinants of health crises like COVID-19</strong> -
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The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on global mortality. While the causal relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and the anomalous increase in deaths is established, more precise and complex models are needed to determine the exact weight of epidemiological factors involved. Indeed, COVID-19 behavior is influenced by a wide range of variables, including demographic characteristics, population habits and behavior, healthcare performance, and environmental and seasonal risk factors. The bidirectional causality between impacted and impacting aspects, as well as confounding variables, complicates efforts to draw clear, generalizable conclusions regarding SARS-CoV-2 behavior and the cost-benefit ratio of non-pharmaceutical health countermeasures. Thus, it is imperative that the scientific community and health authorities worldwide develop comprehensive models not only for the current pandemic but also for future health crises. These should be implemented locally to account for micro-differences in epidemiological characteristics that may have relevant effects or, at least, to quantify the impact of the uncertainties. For instance, at present, it is not meaningful to compare the situations of different states. It is important to note that the lack of a universal model does not imply that local decisions have been unjustified, and the request to decrease scientific uncertainty does not mean denying the evidence of the effectiveness of the countermeasures adopted. Therefore, this paper must not be exploited to denigrate either the scientific community or the health authorities. In this regard, the author of this letter expresses their solidarity with the victims of the COVID-19 pandemic phenomenon and with those who made great responsibility decisions disposing only of limited and uncertain data during a period of extreme social tension.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/4agjs/" target="_blank">There is a need for more precise models to assess the determinants of health crises like COVID-19</a>
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<li><strong>Retrospective Longitudinal Analysis of Deaths and Mortality in the Over 50 Population Due to COVID-19 in Italy</strong> -
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Introduction. COVID-19 has spawned the largest global health crisis of our time. However, part of the scientific community doubts the actual estimate of deaths and the effectiveness of the countermeasures adopted. This paper investigates these aspects in Italy. Methods. A retrospective longitudinal analysis from 2015 to 2021 was conducted to estimate monthly and annual excess deaths and mortality due to COVID-19 in the over 50 age group. Differences between 2020 and 2021 were explored to assess the long-term impact of countermeasures. Surprisals were adopted to measure statistical surprise (e.g., “S = 10” is as surprising as 10 consecutive heads). Effect size and statistical surprise were judged separately. Results. COVID-19 led to a large and unexpected increase in annual (March – December) deaths (excess 2020 = 109519, excess 2021 = 56197, SE = 2229, S > 52) and mortality (excess 2020 = 0.42%, excess 2021 = 0.24%, SD = 0.012%, S > 52). The disease caused relative increases in deaths in almost all months (median = 9%, IQR: 7-21, S = 12) but was more severe in the non-summer periods (median = 9%, IQR: 7-12, S = 12). In 2021 there was a drastic reduction in annual mortality (difference = 681%, SE = 4%, S = 18) and monthly deaths during the periods with the higher epidemiological risk (difference = 47114, SE = 1115, S = 19). Discussion and conclusions. In light of the comparison with the complementary literature, these findings strongly support the dangerousness of COVID-19 – the severity of which increases in the colder seasons but does not disappear in the warmer ones – and the effectiveness of the containment and prevention countermeasures adopted in Italy (especially vaccines). Further studies could investigate counterfactual scenarios to search for more optimal public health interventions.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/6hgvx/" target="_blank">Retrospective Longitudinal Analysis of Deaths and Mortality in the Over 50 Population Due to COVID-19 in Italy</a>
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<li><strong>Web Pharmacovigilance to Monitor and Predict Epidemiological Trends: Paracetamol Web Searches in Lombardy Before and During COVID-19 First Wave</strong> -
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Infodemiology is a widely applied field in epidemiological and public health investigations. Massive research efforts have been made to predict epidemiological trends based on users’ web queries on specific symptoms or pathologies. Nonetheless, a growing literature denounces that health-related web searches are more determined by mediatic clamor than diseases incidence and prevalence. This paper shows that well targeting the search topics on Google Trends can overcome this problem. In particular, selecting keywords related to pharmacological substances and drugs can provide essential information on monitoring known pathologies and detecting new diseases outbreaks such as COVID-19. Indeed, it is shown that the media hype around COVID-19 has influenced web searches related to symptoms such as fever much more markedly than those on paracetamol, significantly lowering a historical correlation between these two online topics. Moreover, during the beginning of February 2020, there was an anomalous increase in web searches related to paracetamol – not linked to the media hype – that could have signaled the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in Lombardy at least 20 days before the official outbreak of Codogno. Furthermore, observing the coefficient of variability in a 4-day retrospective moving window would have made it possible to easily identify an irregularity between 10 and 14 February 2020. If this anomaly had been discovered timely, authorities would have had the time necessary to implement appropriate control strategies, avoiding the uncontrolled circulation of SARS-CoV-2. Finally, there is evidence that the paracetamol-related web interest was causally correlated to COVID-19 evolution and historical influenza trends. Therefore, we suggest that the Italian Ministry of Health and international health authorities adopt this new infodemiological approach to preserve public health. Further research is needed to refine these methods.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/4w7mn/" target="_blank">Web Pharmacovigilance to Monitor and Predict Epidemiological Trends: Paracetamol Web Searches in Lombardy Before and During COVID-19 First Wave</a>
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<li><strong>A New Infodemiological Approach Through Google Trends: Longitudinal Analysis of COVID-19 Scientific and Infodemic Names in Italy</strong> -
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COVID-19 has been classified by the scientific community as the worst pandemic in human history. The damage caused by the new disease was direct (e.g., deaths) and indirect (e.g., closure of economic activities). Within the latter category, we find infodemic phenomena such as the adoption of generic and stigmatizing names used to identify COVID-19 and the related novel coronavirus 2019 variants. These monikers have fostered the spread of health disinformation and misinformation, and fomented racism and segregation towards the Chinese population. In this regard, we present a comprehensive infodemiological picture of Italy from the epidemic outbreak in December 2019 until September 2021. In particular, we propose a new procedure to examine in detail the web interest of users in scientific and infodemic monikers linked to the identification of COVID-19. To do this, we exploited the online tool Google Trends. Our findings reveal the widespread use of multiple COVID-19-related names not considered in the previous literature, as well as a persistent trend in the adoption of stigmatizing and misleading terms. Inappropriate names for cataloging novel coronavirus 2019 variants of concern have even been adopted by national health agencies. Furthermore, we also showed that early denominations influenced user behavior for a long time and were difficult to replace. For these reasons, we suggest that the assignments of scientific names to new diseases are more timely and advise against mass media and international health authorities using terms linked to the geographical origin of the novel coronavirus 2019 variants.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/6pj5x/" target="_blank">A New Infodemiological Approach Through Google Trends: Longitudinal Analysis of COVID-19 Scientific and Infodemic Names in Italy</a>
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<li><strong>The Impact of Cheering on Sports Performance: Comparison of Serie A Statistics Before and During COVID-19.</strong> -
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Background: The role of cheering in home advantage in sports performance is the subject of much debate. No definitive scientific evidence has so far been found capable of highlighting or denying its relevance. As pandemic restrictive measures (COVID-19) have prevented crowds from entering stadiums, analysis of the past two football seasons may reveal important new details. Objective: This paper aims to compare the statistics of the last two football seasons in Italy with the previous six, trying to highlight any pronounced and statistically significant changes due to the absence of cheering in the stadiums. Methods: We compared the average percentages of points obtained in home matches from 2013 to 2019 with those in the timelapse 2019-2021. The same operation was performed with referee statistics, such as fouls, penalties, and cards awarded against home teams. To do this, we used measures such as Welch’s t-test and percentage increases. The distributive normality of the datasets was evaluated with the Shapiro-Wilk test and a graphical control. The lack of trend in the series was assessed with the Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s Slope. Finally, Pearson and Spearman’s correlations were searched between the percentages of points collected in home matches and total points, year by year, from 2013 to 2021. Results: The average percentage of points collected by teams in home matches dropped by almost 8% (Welch’s t-test = -4.3). Moreover, the negative correlations between home collected points and total points in 2013-2019 timelapse have drastically diminished during the last two seasons (average Welch’s t-test = 6.0, 95% CI: 5.4 – 6.4), approaching zero. Finally, penalties against home teams have increased by 30% (Welch’s t-test = 2.6), reaching figures closer to 50%. Conclusions: This research provides statistical evidence in favor of the relevance of home advantage in the top football league in Italy, such as Serie A. During the anti-COVID-19 restrictive measures - which prevented public access to the stadiums - a net reduction in the points collected by the teams in home matches was detected. In addition, the number of penalties awarded against home teams has increased significantly, approaching the ideal 50%. Since there are valid psychological reasons in the literature to support the crowd’s impact on sports and refereeing performance, it is plausible that our findings are causally related to the absence of cheering. Finally, as the averages of points collected at home remained far from 50%, our results suggest that a not negligible part of the home advantage in Serie A is linked to factors independent of the audience. Future research can deepen the above phenomena from a theoretical-psychological point of view.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/sportrxiv/3xaph/" target="_blank">The Impact of Cheering on Sports Performance: Comparison of Serie A Statistics Before and During COVID-19.</a>
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<li><strong>Common Statistical and Methodological Errors in Scientific Investigations: A Simple Guide to Avoid Invalid Conclusions and Unfounded Decisions</strong> -
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<div>
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During my experience as an author, peer reviewer, and editor in the course of COVID-19, I have encountered – and committed – various types of errors related to the interpretation and use of statistical measures and tests. Primarily concerning sciences such as epidemiology, infodemiology, and public health, the evidence used to inform a conclusion carries an extremely high weight since it translates into decisions made to preserve the population’s well-being. Ergo, the above evidence must be reliable. In this regard, this short guide discusses the most common and dangerous mistakes I have experienced during my scientific journey. In particular, this framework makes it clear that a statistical test alone cannot answer any scientific questions. Indeed, interpretation of results and the verification of assumptions and test eligibility – subject to the author’s evaluation – are crucial components of the integrity of the scientific investigation. Therefore, before using a test or adopting a measure, we must ask ourselves the following fundamental questions: i) are there valid reasons to explore my research question? ii) am I sure that my approach can fully and properly answers my research question? iii) am I sure that all the assumptions of my model – basic and hidden – are sufficiently satisfied? iv) how could violating those assumptions affect the validity of the results and the stakeholders? v) is the effect size relevant regardless of statistical significance?
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/2xhce/" target="_blank">Common Statistical and Methodological Errors in Scientific Investigations: A Simple Guide to Avoid Invalid Conclusions and Unfounded Decisions</a>
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<li><strong>The influence of mass media on Italian web users during COVID-19: an infodemiological analysis.</strong> -
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Alongside the COVID-19 pandemic, the world has had to face a growing infodemic, which has caused severe damage to economic and health systems and has often compromised the effectiveness of infection containment regulations. Although this has spread mainly through social media, there are numerous occasions in which the mass media have shared dangerous information, giving resonance to statements without a scientific basis. For these reasons, infoveillance and infodemiology methods are increasingly exploited to monitor online information traffic. However, these tools have also been used to make epidemiological predictions. In particular, the “Google Trends” tool by GoogleTM has often been adopted by the scientific community to carry out this type of analysis. In this regard, the purpose of this paper is to estimate the impact of Italian mass media on users’ web searches in order to understand the role of the media in the infodemic and in the interest of Italian web users towards COVID-19. In particular, our results suggest that the Italian mass media have played a decisive role both in the spread of the infodemic and in addressing netizens’ web interest, favoring the adoption of terms unsuitable for identifying the novel coronavirus (COVID- 19 disease). Therefore, we suggest greater caution and attention by the directors of news channels and newspapers and greater control of the latter by government dissemination agencies.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/28m6n/" target="_blank">The influence of mass media on Italian web users during COVID-19: an infodemiological analysis.</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Impact of socio-demographic factors and media consumption patterns on the ability to distinguish legitimate news from misinformation on COVID-19</strong> -
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<div>
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This research study deepens the existing theory on information disorders by pro- viding, through an experimental methodology, new empirical evidence on the dy- namics of spreading health-related hoaxes and false content in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a diversified sample of digital news users in Spain (n=1,063), the study investigates the ability to distinguish legitimate news from misinformation on 20 online publications about COVID-19. First, the study analy- ses the socio-demographic profiles of participants as education, age, gender, religion, ideology, technological knowledge and their ability to detect misinformation from le- gitimate news. Second, the characteristics of the news are analysed concerning the different elements constitutive of the news and the importance on subjects to decide on the veracity of the piece of news. Multilevel logistic regression models were fitted on the socio-demographic profiles of participants. The individual factors, education, religion, age and technological literacy were found to be important predictors for correcting identifying the type of news, while the gender and ideology were inconclu- sive in both models. When looking at the message level, the headline, the previously read information and the presence of sources are the most important aspects for the subject to inform their decision.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/3nxwk/" target="_blank">Impact of socio-demographic factors and media consumption patterns on the ability to distinguish legitimate news from misinformation on COVID-19</a>
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</div></li>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Smell in COVID-19 and Efficacy of Nasal Theophylline (SCENT 3)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: theophylline; Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Washington University School of Medicine<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Lymph Node Aspiration to Decipher the Immune Response of Beta-variant Recombinant Protein Booster Vaccine (VidPrevtyn Beta, Sanofi) Compared to a Bivalent mRNA Vaccine (Comirnaty Original/Omicron BA.4-5, BioNTech-Pfizer) in Adults Previously Vaccinated With at Least 3 Doses of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Procedure: Lymph node aspiration / Blood sampling<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Trial of the Candidate Vaccine MVA-SARS-2-S in Adults</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: MVA-SARS-2-S; Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf; German Center for Infection Research; Philipps University Marburg Medical Center; Ludwig-Maximilians - University of Munich; University Hospital Tuebingen; CTC-NORTH<br/><b>Withdrawn</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Treatment of Long COVID (TLC) Feasibility Trial</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Low-dose Naltrexone (LDN); Drug: Cetirizine; Drug: Famotidine; Drug: LDN Placebo; Drug: Cetirizine Placebo; Drug: Famotidine Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Emory University; CURE Drug Repurposing Collaboratory (CDRC)<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immunoadsorption vs. Sham Treatment in Post COVID-19 Patients With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Fatigue; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Procedure: Immunoadsorption vs. sham immunoadsorption<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Hannover Medical School<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Non-ventilated Prone Positioning in the COVID-19 Population</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; Proning; Oxygenation; Length of Stay<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Other: Proning group; Other: Control group<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Baylor St. Luke’s Medical Center<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety, Efficacy, and Dosing of VIX001 in Patients With Neurological Symptoms of Post Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS).</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome; Cognitive Impairment; Neurological Complication<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Drug: VIX001<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Neobiosis, LLC<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study on the Safety and Immune Response of a Booster Dose of Investigational COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines in Healthy Adults</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: SARS-CoV-2<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: CV0701 Bivalent High dose; Biological: CV0701 Bivalent Medium dose; Biological: CV0701 Bivalent Low dose; Biological: CV0601 Monovalent High dose; Biological: Control vaccine<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: GlaxoSmithKline; CureVac<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>PROTECT-APT 1: Early Treatment and Post-Exposure Prophylaxis of COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: SARS-CoV-2<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Upamostat; Drug: Placebo (PO)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine; Joint Program Executive Office Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Defense Enabling Biotechnologies; FHI Clinical, Inc.; RedHill Biopharma Limited<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Clinical Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Randomized Placebo Versus the 8-aminoquinoline Tafenoquine for Early Symptom Resolution in Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID 19 Disease and Low Risk of Disease Progression</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID 19 Disease; Mild to Moderate COVID 19 Disease; SARS-CoV-2; Infectious Disease; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Tafenoquine Oral Tablet; Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: 60P Australia Pty Ltd<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Impact of Covid 19 on Sinus Augmentation Surgery</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Bone Loss<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Procedure: Sinus lift in patients with COVID-19 history; Procedure: Sinus lift with no COVID-19 history<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Cairo University<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>MR-spectroscopy in Post-covid Condition Prior to and Following a Yoga Breathing Intervention</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Post COVID-19 Condition; Somatic Symptom Disorder<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: yoga; Behavioral: social contact<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Medical University Innsbruck<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Clinical Evaluation of SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19), Influenza and RSV 8-Well MT-PCR Panel for In Vitro Diagnostics</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Respiratory Viral Infection<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Diagnostic Test: SARS-COV-2, Influenza and RSV 8-Well MT-PCR Panel; Diagnostic Test: BioFire Respiratory Panel 2.1<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: AusDiagnostics Pty Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Expressive Interviewing Agents to Support Health-Related Behavior Change</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Mental Stress<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Other: Expressive Interviewing<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: University of Michigan; University of Texas at Austin<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immunogenicity and Safety of an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Coadministered With Two Attenuated Vaccines</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: SARS-CoV-2 Infection; Varicella; Measles; Mumps; Rubella<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine coadministered with vricella vaccine; Biological: Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine coadministered with MMR; Biological: Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine administered alone<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention; China National Biotec Group Company Limited<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A case of T-cell-Epstein-Barr virus-haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and sustained remission following ruxolitinib therapy</strong> - CONCLUSION: EBV viraemia requires adequate treatment to control EBV-associated HLH as rituximab may be insufficient, and corticosteroid resistance can result in continued EBV infection in CD8^(+) T cells. This entity is known as T-cell-EBV-HLH. Ruxolitinib is a novel treatment strategy in this specific context and has several advantages, including inhibition of corticosteroid resistance to promote apoptosis of EBV-infected T cells.</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Neuroimaging findings in adolescent gaming disorder: a systematic review</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: A number of key brain regions are affected in adolescent gaming disorder. These findings can help clinicians understand adolescent presentations with gaming disorder from a neurobiological perspective. Future studies should focus on forming a robust neurobiological and clinical framework for adolescent gaming disorder.</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A high-throughput screening system for SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibition, syncytia formation and cell toxicity</strong> - CONCLUSION: A BSL-2 compatible assay system that is equivalent to the infectious SARS-CoV-2 is a promising tool for high-throughput screening of large compound libraries for viral entry inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 along with toxicity and effects on syncytia. Studies using clinical isolates of SARS-CoV-2 are warranted to confirm the antiviral potency of the leads and the utility of the screening system.</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Rapid genetic screening with high quality factor metasurfaces</strong> - Genetic analysis methods are foundational to advancing personalized medicine, accelerating disease diagnostics, and monitoring the health of organisms and ecosystems. Current nucleic acid technologies such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) rely on sample amplification and can suffer from inhibition. Here, we introduce a label-free genetic screening platform based on high quality (high-Q) factor silicon nanoantennas functionalized with nucleic acid fragments….</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Corrigendum: Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 12 results in antiviral activity against several RNA viruses including SARS-CoV-2</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Chemoinformatics approach to design and develop vanillin analogs as COX-1 inhibitor</strong> - CONCLUSION: In comparison to other vanillin derivative compounds, 4-formyl-2-methoxyphenyl benzoate has the lowest binding energy value; hence, this analog can continue to be synthesized and its potential as an antithrombotic agent might be confirmed by in vivo studies.</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Korean Red Ginseng Relieves Inflammation and Modulates Immune Response Induced by Pseudo-Type SARS-CoV-2</strong> - Few studies have reported the therapeutic effects of Korean red ginseng (KRG) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the positive effects of KRG on other viruses have been reported and the effects of KRG on pulmonary inflammatory diseases have also been studied. Therefore, this study investigated the therapeutic effects of KRG-water extract (KRG-WE) in a pseudo-type SARS-CoV-2 (PSV)-induced lung injury model. Constructing the pseudovirus, human…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Vector-delivered artificial miRNA effectively inhibits Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: In summary, these results suggest that an RNAi based on amiRNA targeting the conserved region of the virus is an effective method to improve PEDV nucleic acid inhibitors and provide a novel treatment strategy for PEDV infection.</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Deciphering the role of fucoidan from brown macroalgae in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 by targeting its main protease and receptor binding domain: Invitro and insilico approach</strong> - The current study investigated the role of fucoidan from Padina tetrastromatica and Turbinaria conoides against 3-chymotrypsin like protease (3CL^(pro)) and receptor binding domain (RBD) spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 using an invitro and computational approach. The 3CL^(pro) and RBD genes were successfully cloned in pET28a vector, expressed in BL-21DE3 E. coli rosetta cells and purified by ion exchange affinity and size exclusion chromatography. Fucoidan extracted from both biomass using green…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccine enhanced immune responses in patients with chronic liver diseases</strong> - Chronic liver disease (CLD) entails elevated risk of COVID-19 severity and mortality. The effectiveness of the booster dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in stimulating antibody response in CLD patients is unclear. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study involving 237 adult CLD patients and 170 healthy controls (HC) to analyze neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 prototype and BA.4/5 variant, anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG, and total anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies….</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism: a neglected therapeutic target of COVID-19 pathophysiology and immunotherapy</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) exerts profound changes in the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway (KP) of tryptophan (Trp) metabolism that may underpin its pathophysiology. The KP is the main source of the vital cellular effector NAD+ and intermediate metabolites that modulate immune and neuronal functions. Trp metabolism is the top pathway influenced by COVID-19. Sixteen studies established virus-induced activation of the KP mediated mainly by induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) in most affected…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Regulation of autophagy by SARS-CoV-2: The multifunctional contributions of ORF3a</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) regulates autophagic flux by blocking the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes, causing the accumulation of membranous vesicles for replication. Multiple SARS-CoV-2 proteins regulate autophagy with significant roles attributed to ORF3a. Mechanistically, open reading frame 3a (ORF3a) forms a complex with UV radiation resistance associated, regulating the functions of the PIK3C3-1 and PIK3C3-2 lipid kinase complexes, thereby…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Fangchinoline inhibits the PEDV replication in intestinal epithelial cells via autophagic flux suppression</strong> - Animal and human health are severely threatened by coronaviruses. The enteropathogenic coronavirus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), is highly contagious, leading to porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), which causes large economic losses in the world’s swine industry. Piglets are not protected from emerging PEDV variants; therefore, new antiviral measures for PED control are urgently required. Herein, the anti-PEDV effects and potential mechanisms of fangchinoline (Fan) were investigated. Fan…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Silver N-heterocyclic carbene complexes are potent uncompetitive inhibitors of the papain-like protease with antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2</strong> - The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused a high demand for novel innovative antiviral drug candidates. Despite promising results, metal complexes have been relatively unexplored as antiviral agents in general and in particular against SARS-CoV-2. Here we report on silver NHC complexes with chloride or iodide counter ligands that are potent inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PL^(pro)) but inactive against 3C-like protease (3CL^(pro)) as another SARS-CoV-2 protease. Mechanistic…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Nanoparticle approaches for the renin-angiotensin system</strong> - The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a hormonal cascade that contributes to several disorders: systemic hypertension, heart failure, kidney disease, and neurodegenerative disease. Activation of the RAS can promote inflammation and fibrosis. Drugs that target the RAS can be classified into 3 categories, AT1 angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and renin inhibitors. The therapeutic efficacy of current RAS-inhibiting drugs is limited by poor…</p></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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